Oasis Applied Grammar 9

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 93 6. I'm going to tell someone to add an extra room. 7. Ask someone to post the announcement soon. 8. The knife needs sharpening. 3. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets: 1. The engineer got the chef ………………..the bridge. (built/build/to build) 2. Kumari…………… her brother turn on T.V. (get/make/has) 3. My father got me…………… the homework. (doing/do/to do) 4. I made my mother……….. new clothes. (buy/bought/ to buy) 5. The death of George Harrison made us …………sorry. (feel/ to feel/ felt) 6. She didn't want to sing a song. I asked her she had to. I made her………. a song. (to sing/ singing/ sing/ sang) 7. She is very cruel. She always makes her children………… the hard work. (to do/ do/ does) 8. My shoes are dirty, I will get the cobbler……………them. (to polish/polish to be polished/ polished) 9. Rita got Ankit………………his clothes. (were/to wear/wearing) 10. He got his wife ……………his sons. (call/ called/ to call) 11. Rita……………Shambhu to carry her suitcase. (got/ makes/ made) 12. He made us ………………a song yesterday. (sang/to sing/ sing/ singing) 13. He got a servant…………….. (clean/cleaned/ to clean/ cleans) the room. 14. My mother got me…………(work/to work/ works) in the kitchen. 15. He is very lazy. He always……………(make/makes/gets) his mother clean his room. 4. Rewrite the following sentences selecting the correct words from the brackets: 1. Deepak gets his son………………(drive/ to drive/ driven) 2. Yesterday I had my brother ……………..some fruits. (bought/ to buy/ buy) 3. When she arrived we made her ………… to the kitchen. (go/went/to get) 4. Students get their homework………….(to check/ check/ checked) 5. My father made me………………. the homework. (doing/ to do/ do) 6. I got my mother ……………..new clothes. (buy/ bought/ to buy) 7. The engineer got the workmen……………the bridge. (built/ build/ to build)

94 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8. We made the gardener ……………..out the grass. (to cut/ cut/ cutting) 9. I got the students……………….the exercise. (rewrite/rewritten/ to rewrite) 10. She …………… me dance at the concert. (gets/ makes/ have) 11. He got the television…………… (fix/fixed/ to fix) 12. They……………. me to leave the class.(made/ had/ got) 13. The mother got me ……………the clothes on a rope. (to hang/ hang/ hanged) 14. His teasing made the dog……………… him. (bite/ biting/ to bite) 15. I got the chair………………... (to repair/ repaired/ repair) 16. My father made me…………….in the field. (to work/ worked/ work) 17. She …………….. her husband to buy a ring for her. (has/ makes/ will get) 18. Have me …………….. something, please, (say/ to say/ said) 19. He ……………… his wife to wash his clothes. (has/ makes/will get) 20. Get her ………………..what she wants. (do/ to do/ done) 5. Put the suitable word in the blank space. 1. My father got me…………..in the garden. (work/to work/ works) 2. She …….. her father to buy a cell phone for her. (has/ makes/ will get) 3. Have me ……………… something please. (say/ to say/ said) 4. Barsha made me…………….. this matter. (type/ typed/ to type) 5. I shall get Sharad…………………..my work. (check/ to check/ checked) 6. I wasn't ready to tell any joke but Raj made me…………….. one at any cost. (tell/ told/ to tell) 7. My sister got her son……………... to the market. (go/went/ to go) 8. The students got the teacher……………..this lesson again. (to teach/ thought/ teach) 9. Deepak gets his son ………………his car to office. (drive/ to drive/ driven) 10. Yesterday I had my brother………….some fruits. (bought/ to buy/ buy) 11. Jenny got me…………… this matter. (write/ written/ to write) 12. Rita will get the black pants………….(buy/ to buy/ bought) 13. She ………..her clothes washed. (have/ makes/ will get) 14. The teacher said, "Get your homework ……." (checked/ to check/ check)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 95 12 Unit Modals Verb A verb is a word that expresses action, occurrence or a state of being. Types of Verbs 1. Auxiliary and main verb An auxiliary verb helps the main verb in a sentence. It determines the mood/ detunes of another verb in a phrase. Auxiliary verbs are also known as helping verbs. Examples: Raju will accept my invitation. Kushal is teaching English Grammar. Kanchan can help us. Sangam will come soon. Bishal did not call me. Auxiliary verbs are categorized in two groups: Primary and modal auxiliary. a. Primary auxiliary Be : is, am, are, was, were Do : do, does, did Have : has, have, had b. Modal auxiliary will, would, can, could, shall, should, may, might, must, used to, need, dare, ought to Some examples of auxiliary verbs: Raju is helping the poor. She was living in the city. They have completed the task. He does not respond to me. I would support you to decoration. They may complain against my friends. Everyone must follow the rules.

96 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Exercise 1. Find the auxiliary verb and underline them. a. They could perform the dance. b. Kalu will meet the heroine. c. We were staring at the beautiful girl. d. Shall we follow him? e. They have been living in that house for a long time. f. We used to take long vacation trips with the whole family. g. He was winning the election. h. Prajwal is going now. i. Ram had won the Mahabharat. j. I shall start it soon. k. Milan would support me. l. Prasant will give help to Balkrishna. m. He has come here. n. They might observe our culture. o. We watched Singham Returns in 2014, Aug. 15. 2. Use the correct auxiliary verbs in the following sentences. a. Mohan and Sohan ..................... playing the guitar yesterday. b. She ..................... playing football. c. ..................... I come in, Madam? d. Today he has some money, but yesterday he .................... no money. e. You ..................... come to school timely. f. Man and woman ..................... the two wheels of a cart. g. ..................... I get in, Sir?. h. ..................... you a doctor? i. We..................obey the rules of our country. j. The dog............... a tail. k. ..................... she go to cinema hall? l. The elephant ..................... helps us. m. Where ..................... they go on Saturday? n. I ..................... a student.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 97 3. Choose the correct verb and fill in the blanks. a. The thief will have run away before the police ..................... there. (reach, will reach, reached) b. Can I ..................... you? (helps, help, helped) c. The man had died before the doctor ..................... ? (come, came, comes) d. Are you ..................... to God? (pray, praying, prayed) e. Didn't it ..................... yesterday? (cry, cries, cried) f. Why will you.................. to India? (go, went, gone) g. Will they have...............flying in the sky? (been, be, being) h. Has she ..................... her work? (finish, finishing, finished) i. Can she ..................... this work? (did, do, does) j. Was it ..................... in the month of July? (rain, rained, raining) k. We have ..................... playing for one hour. (been, being, be) l. How ..................... you able to help them? (was, were) m. Where did they ....::.................. yesterday? (went, go, gone) n. Do you ..................... a letter? (write, writes) o. They don't ..................... us. (like, likes) p. She does not ..................... me. (love, loves, loved) 4. Write different forms of verbs as indicated in the following columns. V1 V2 V3 V4 V5 shake know awake bite drink peel shrink peel swear hide

98 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 5. Complete the sentences with appropriate auxiliary verbs. a. I ..................... going to the store to buy milk. (is, have, am) b. She ..................... had too many drinks. (can, has, did) c. The boys ..................... passed the final test. (have to, have, were) d. ..................... your friend prepare tea for you? (Has, Does, Is). e. He ..................... drive a car. (can, has, is) f. We ..................... going to the store to buy milk. (have, do, are) g. They ..................... lost their pen. (do, have, are) h. I ..................... give you a call at home tonight. (will, have, am) i. She ..................... peeling the orange. (is, has, does) j. Why ..................... you late for work yesterday? (had, were, did) k. He ..................... lost all his property. (has, was, does, did, shall) l. ..................... you go to the party? (have, did, are) m. I ..................... only carry two at a time. (has, can, was) n. How ..................... you doing today? (are, have, can) 6. Choose the appropriate forms of the verbs to fill in the blanks. a. The plane ..................... at 3:30. (arrives, will arrive) b. I will phone you when he ..................... back. (comes, will come) c. When I get home, my dog .................... at the gate waiting for me. (sits, will be sitting) d. I ..................... Jenish this evening. (visit, am visiting) e. Look at those clouds. It ..................... (will rain, is going to rain) f. The train .................... before we reached the station. (left, leave, had left) g. Unless we ..................... we can't be on time. (start, will start) h. I ..................... into town later on. Do you want a lift? (drive, will be driving) i. The next term ..................... no 16th November. (begins, is beginning) j. I'm sure she ..................... the exam. (passes, will pass) k. I ..................... home next Sunday. (go, am going) l. I ..................... you one of these days, I except. (see, will be seeing) m. Help! I ...................... (will fall, am going to fall)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 99 13 Unit Relative Pronouns Fill in the blanks with Who, whom, which, that, as': • This is the house ....................... Jack built. • He ....................... is contented is happy. • He is the man ....................... you can trust. • This is the woman ....................... I respected. • He ....................... is not with me, is against me. • The moment ....................... is lost is forever gone. • Such men ....................... are virtuous are respected. • The man ....................... is honest succeeds in his life. Relative pronouns There are two types of relative clauses: non-defining relative clause and defining relative clauses. Non-defining relative pronouns Non-defining relative clause provides extra information which is not essential to understand the meaning of the sentence. For example: Mr. Roka, who is our principal, writes English books. Subasna, whose son failed in SLC, is my aunt. Note : Commas(,) are used with non-defining relative clause. Defining relative clause Defining relative clause is essential in understanding the meaning of a sentence. If we take it away, the sentence has a different meaning or sometimes no meaning at all. For example: This is the teacher who teaches us Maths. He is the man who helps us in many ways. Note : Commas(,) mustn't be used with defining relative clauses.

100 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Relative pronouns as connectives Relative pronouns are used as connectives: Relative Uses Some examples Who Subject or object pronoun for people He beats a boy who is his son. Which Subject or object pronoun for things or animals She gave me a pen which was good. Whose Possession for people, animals or things He's the man whose car was stolen last night. Whom Object pronoun for people That's the boy whom I invited to the party. That Subject or object pronoun for people, animals and things (who/which can also be used) Sanjita has broken a knife that was blunt. Relative pronouns as connection Relative pronouns are used as connectives: Relative adverb Uses Some examples When For time expression This is the season when it snows. Where For place It is the village where I met education minister. Why For reason That was the reason why I scolded you. 1. Fill in the blanks by using who, which, whose, where and when. Example: Shyam is the boy ....................... rides the blue bike. Shyam is the boy who rides the blue bike. a. He is the driver ....................... had an accident. b. This is the place ....................... I was born. c. I bought a motorbike ....................... is truly modern. d. Rosy is the girl ....................... I met on Saturday. e. I arrived at the gate ....................... I heard the bell.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 101 f. I haven't seen Mohan, ....................... brother is sick, for a long time. g. This is the school ....................... my daughter studies. h. The robber stole the car ................... the lady parked in front of the supermarket. i. This is the man ....................... house is on fire. j. They came at ten ....................... there was load shedding. k. Can I talk to the girl ....................... is sitting on the bench? 1. The book ....................... you gave me is great. m. That is the village ....................... our film was shot. n. She likes hamburgers ....................... are hot. 2. Complete each sentence using the suitable relative pronouns who, whose, whom, which and that. a. The teacher would like the boy ........... threw the eraser to stand up. b. The car crashed into a vehicle .............. was approaching very fast from the opposite direction. c. I know an old man ..................... can play the guitar very well. d. This is the shop .............. sells the CD that you are looking for. e. The police have arrested the man ..................... is suspected of murder. f. She is the author ..................... I have heard so much about. h. We bought a big bag of plums ..................... were not ripe. i. May's brother plays in the soccer team ............. has won this year's match again. j. The bus ............ leaves at 4.00 pm is the one I like most. k. The teacher was angry with the boy ................. threw stones at the dog..................... had been barking at him. 3. Complete each of the sentences with the most likely clause from the box. whose mother often works late whose branches were thick and leafy whose sister is in our netball team whose book won a national award whose face was recognized by witness whose father often buys her books whose hands were covered in flour whose parents were very rich whose father is a good pianist whose shirt was torn a. The woman ................................................................................................. had been baking for the party.

102 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 b. The boy ........................................................................................................ had been climbing trees. c. The children ................................................................................................ had a lot of expensive toys. d. The girl ....................................................................................................... takes good care of herself and her younger brother. e. The girl ........................................................................................................ loves reading and is good at it. f. The man ...................................................................................................... has been captured by the police. g. The author ................................................................................................. is now writing another book for children. h. The tree, ...................................................................................................... stood in the field for many years. 1. Tom, ............................................................................................................. is a very good musician too. j. Sally, ..........................................................................................................., doesn't like sport at all. 4. Use the relative pronouns whom, who, which or that to give more information about the objects of these sentences. a. The policeman questioned the man ......................................................... b. Janet immediately liked the new girl ....................................................... c. My friend told me about his teacher ....................................................... d. The crew disliked the captain ................................................................. e. Alice chose an expensive watch .............................................................. f. You can catch the bus ................................................................................ g. The search party found the little boy ....................................................... h. The mother bear cried pitifully for her cub ............................................ i. The farmer trapped the rabbit ................................................................ j. She put on the red dress ..........................................................................

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 103 14 Unit Adjectives and Adverbs Adjectives Make a pair and describe each other using the following adjectives. You describe your friend and your friend describes you. You are a handsome boy. You look smart. You look happy. You are helpful too. You are beautiful girl. You look slim. You are sweet and pretty too. tall wise simple intelligent helpful bold slim smart happy smiling playful helpful glad good dangerous lucky busy noisy large easy sweet yellow quiet red blue active pretty long Adjective: Kinds and Degrees Read the following sentences. He is a tall boy. Rina is short girl. Kripa is fat. You are intelligent. Kamana is a thin girl. Which is your book? Subigya has a red dress. Mrs. Marry is an American lady. In the above sentences coloured words are adjectives. An adjective is used to add something to the meaning of a noun or pronoun.

104 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Kinds of Adjectives 1. Adjective of Quality An adjective of quality describes a person or thing. For example: I bought a funny story. Narayan Gopal was a popular singer. The teacher asked a difficult question. An adjective of quality answers the question: what kind of? 2. Adjective of Number An adjective of number tells how many persons or things are meant. For example: Three passengers got into the bus. She made several mistakes. Many friends helped him. An adjective of number answers the question: how many? 3. Adjective of Quantity An adjective of quantity specifies the quantity of a thing. For example: We have enough food for a month. The car gave me much trouble. We need some water also. An adjective of quantity answers the question: how much? 4. Possessive Adjective A possessive adjective shows possession or belonging. For example: Your books are old. We went to his house. Our car needs repairing. A possessive adjective answers the question: whose? 5. Interrogative Adjective An adjective which, when used with a noun, asks a question is called interrogative adjective. For example:

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 105 Whose painting has won the prize? What question did the teacher ask? Which umbrella is yours? 6. Demonstrative Adjective An adjective which is used to point out some person or thing is called demonstrative adjective. For example: These birds are beautiful. Such students never succeed. We do not have many demonstrative adjectives. You will see this, these, that, those, such and certain used as demonstrative adjectives. Proper Adjectives Some adjectives are formed from proper nouns which are proper adjectives. A list of proper adjectives is given below. Name of a country and adjective Africa African America American Bhutan Bhutanese Brazil Brazilian China Chinese Nepal Nepalese Some adjectives of number denote an exact number as one boy, two boys, etc. There are three degrees of comparison. Example: • Raju is a tall boy. • Mohan is taller than Raju. • Kapil is the tallest among the three. Positive degree: Positive degree is normally used for describing a single person or thing. For example: Alisha is smart.

106 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Comparative degree: Comparative degree is used for comparing two persons or things. For example: Anupama is fatter than Alisha. My house is bigger than yours. Superlative degree: Superlative degree is used to show different degrees of qualities among more than two persons or things. For example: Ramu is the fattest boy. Elephant is the biggest land animal. If the word ends in a consonant, '-er' or '-est' is added to make it comparative and superlative. • Positive adjective: It is evident that when we name the simple quality of a person or thing, we use the positive degree of the adjective. • Comparative adjective: When we compare two persons or things with different degree of quality, we use the comparative degree of adjective. • Superlative degree: When we compare more than two persons or things with different degree of qualities, we use superlative degree of the adjective. Remember that only adjectives of quality and quantity have comparative and superlative degrees. Formation of the degrees of adjective By adding 'er' and 'est' to the positive degree Positive (for one) Comparative (for two) Superlative (for more than two) strong stronger strongest fast faster fastest tall taller tallest cool cooler coolest few fewer fewest high higher highest rich richer richest deep deeper deepest young younger youngest dark darker darkest

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 107 By adding 'r' or 'st' to the positive degree Positive Comparative (+er) Superlative (+est) wise wiser wisest large larger largest able abler ablest brave braver bravest By doubling the last consonant if a vowel comes before it and adding 'er' and 'est' By changing last 'y' into 'i' if a constant comes before it and then adding 'er' and 'est' By changing the whole word Positive Comparative (+er) Superlative (+est) thin thinner thinnest hot hotter hottest sad sadder saddest fat fatter fattest big bigger biggest Positive Comparative (+ er) Superlative (est) heavy heavier heaviest dry drier driest lucky luckier luckiest busy busier busiest happy happier happiest easy easier easiest Positive Comparative Superlative bad worse worst dry drier driest lucky luckier luckiest little less least in inner innermost far farther/further farthest/furthest good/well better best late later I latter latest many/ much more most out outer outermost

108 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 By putting 'more' and 'most' before the positive degree Positive Comparative (more) Superlative (most) useful more useful most useful intelligent more intelligent most intelligent 1. Fill in the blanks with the proper adjectives. The proper nouns are given in brackets. a. Have you seen the ............................. coins? (Japan) b. Many ............................. countries are developed. (Europe) c. ............................. soldiers are brave. (Nepal) d. Alexander wore a ............................. dress. (Greece) e. Ram always wears the ............................. hat. (America) f. Raju likes ............................. food. (China) g. Hitler was a ............................. citizen. (Germany) h. Yen is ............................. currency. (Japan) 2. Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the adjective given in the brackets. a. Rajiv is a ........................... boy. (young/younger/youngest) b. Tom is the ........................... of men. (good/better/best) c. Prevention is ........................... than cure. (good/better/best) d. You are the ....................... student in the school. (lazy/lazier/laziest) e. Who is the ......................... living poet? (great/greater/greatest) f. That is the ......................... pen in this shop. (cheap/cheaper/cheapest) g. Honey is ............................. than milk. (sweet/sweeter/sweetest) h. English is ............................. than Nepali. (easy/easier/easiest) i. He is ............................. person of our village. (old/older/oldest) j. She is ................ than Rupa. (beautiful/more beautiful/most beautiful) k. Honesty is ............................. to him than life. (dear/dearer/dearest) l. She is ........................ than her brother. (friendly/friendlier/friendliest) m. Sapana is ............................. than Lalita. (healthy/healthier/healthiest) n. Sharmila is ............................. than Sakriya. (weak/weaker/weakest) o. Mt. Everest is the .................. peak in the world. (high/higher/highest)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 109 3. Select the suitable adjective to complete the following: bad, beautiful, comfortable, small, interesting, clear, smart, blue a. My chair is .............................. . b. Mr. Jha is a ............................. young man. c. Can you see the ............................. outline of the valley? d. The result was not so ............................. after all. e. The sky looks ............................. in the winter. f. Our house is ............................. in size. g. A ............................. girl lost her way in the town. h. The child was pleased to hear her ............................. story. 4. Construct sentences like the ones given in example. E.g. Radha is fatter than Bina. Rita is more beautiful than Kamala. a. Sudheer old Mahesh b. The bee active the ant c. This street wide that street d. Gold expensive silver e. This place dirty that place f. Iron heavy wood g. Ritesh wise Santosh h. A bus fast a bicycle i. Kathmandu large Bhaktapur j. The Himalayas high The Mahabharat 5. Fill in the blanks with much, many, a little, a few, some: a. I brought ............................. apples. b. He has ............................. good friends. c. Ramesh has ............................. enemies. d. I have ............................. time left. e. How ........................ money do you have? 6. Complete the sentences below with the correct form of the adjective. a. Monika's age is 19. Mina is 15 years old. Monika is (old) ........... Mina. b. The Alps are very high. They are (high) ........... mountains in Europe.

110 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 c. India is (big) .................... than Nepal. d. Mutton is (expensive) .................... than buff. e. Brazil is the .................. (rich) country in water resources in the world. f. This exercise is not difficult. It's (easy) ....................than expected. g. The weather is not good today. I hope the weather will be (good).................. next week. h. People are not friendly in cities. They are (friendly) ............ in villages. i. Potato is .................... (good) than yarn. j. Students view that Science is (easy) ................. to learn than Nepali. 7. Fill up the blanks with the correct form of the adjective: a. This box is ............................. than that. (good, better, best) b. This table is ...................... than that. (useful, more useful, most useful) c. He is ............................. than his friend. (rich, richer, richest) d. She is the ............................. of all three sisters. (tall, taller, tallest) e. He is ...... than the other boy in this group. (weak, weaker, weakest) f. This question is ...................... than that. (easy, easier, easiest) g. Madhu is the ............................. of all the girls. (wise, wiser, wisest) h. Who is ......................, Subhash or Rajan? (clever, cleverer, cleverest) i. Of all the Indian poets, Tagore is the ......... (great, greater, greatest) j. Prevention is ................. than cure. (good, better, best) 8. Supply appropriate comparatives or superlatives to the following: a. Clouds are ............................. than air. (light) b. Suresh is the ............................. boy in the class. (tall) c. She sings ............................. than you. (good) d. I like this pen ............................. than that. (much) e. Iron is the ............................. metal. (useful) f. The pen is ............................. than the sword. (mighty) g. Experience is the ............................. teacher. (good) h. Which is the ............................. mountain in the world? (high) i. Who is the ............................. man in your town? (old) j. The Taj Mahal is one of the .......... monument in the world. (beautiful)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 111 Kinds of adverb 1. Adverb of Time 2. Adverb of Place 3. Adverb of Number 4. Adverb of Quantity 5. Adverb of Manner 6. Adverb of Certainty 7. Interrogative Adverb 8. Relative Adverb 1. Adverb of Time It shows the time of an action. It answers the question: 'When'. Sentence Adverb I will go tomorrow. tomorrow She writes today. today I have already eaten. already In the above sentences, 'tomorrow, today, already' are adverbs of time. • The words, since, early, now, tomorrow, ago, today, then, daily, yet, already, late, before, etc. are simple adverbs of time. 2. Adverb of Place It shows the place of an action. It answers the question ‘Where’. Sentence Adverb I met him there. there Don’t go outside. outside The sunlight is everywhere. everywhere Please go up. up In the sentences above, 'there, outside, everywhere, up' are adverbs of place. • The words here, up, in, below, down, outside, there, above, everywhere, away, near, etc. are adverbs of place. 3. Adverb of Number It shows the number of an action. It answers the question of ‘how often’. Sentence Adverb Use the medicine twice a day. twice Never smoke, Minu. never He often watches TV. often I always go to school. always

112 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 'Twice, never, often and always' are used as adverbs of number in above sentences. • Always, often, never, twice, again, occasionally, once and sometimes are simple adverbs of number or frequency. 4. Adverb of Quantity It shows the quantity or extent of an action. It answers the question of ‘in what degree’ or ‘how much’. Sentence Adverb I made a great mistake. I am very sorry. very The bottle is nearly half. nearly You’re extremely tired. extremely Here, 'nearly, extremely' are adverbs of quantity. • The words quite, nearly, very, fully, almost, extremely, enough, too, fairly are simple adverbs of quantity or degree or extent. 5. Adverb of Manner It shows the manner of an action. It answers the question 'how or in what manner'. Sentence Adverb Ram was beaten badly. badly I speak softly. softly Please walk slowly. slowly He carne happily. happily Here, 'softly, slowly, badly, happily' are adverbs of manner. • The words happily, slowly, softly, badly, fast, so, thus, quickly, neatly, surely, certainly, probably, bravely, etc. are adverbs of manner. 6. Adverb of Certainty It shows the degree of certainty of an action. It answers yes or no type of question in affirmative or negative. Sentence Adverb You will certainly go. certainly I will surely help you. surely

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 113 Here the words 'certainly, surely' are adverbs of certainty. • The words surely, certainly, definitely, obviously, etc. are simple adverbs of certainty or affirmation or negation. 7. Interrogative Adverbs An interrogative adverb is used to ask a question. Sentences Adverb When did the bell ring? when How are you today? how Where did you place the tray? where Why are you angry? why Here when, how, where, why are interrogative adverbs. 8. Relative Adverb The word that modifies the verb, adjective or another adverb as well as joins the antecedent sentence is known as the relative adverb. Sentence Adverb I don’t know when I was born. (when - time) This is the place where I live. (where - place) That is the reason why she said so. (why - reason) • The words 'why, where, when' are relative adverbs because they come together with their antecedents and qualify them. 1. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverb. a. She recites poetry very............................ .(fast, fastly) b. This train.......................goes to Delhi. (direct, directly) c. He guessed the answer........................ . (right, rightly) d. I have seen him.......................... . (late, lately) e. Open your mouth ............................ . (wide, widely) f. Hold your head........................... . (high, highly) g. It is.........................hot today. (too, very)

114 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 2. Fill in the blanks with suitable adverbs. a. They were playing...................in the garden. b. He.................fell from the roof. c. I am feeling...................cold. d. The teacher explained everything..................... e. The old man...................goes for a walk. f. Ram is.....................late. g. You hit me......................... . h. My father is.......................... . i. Do not write.................badly. 3. Use an adverb in the remarks as shown below. a. He is a good teacher. He teaches well. b. She is a wonderful speaker. ....................................... c. My brother is a gentle worker. ....................................... d. He was a skillful builder. ....................................... e. We are noisy painters. ....................................... f. She was not a rude talker. ....................................... 4. Complete these sentences with correct adverbs from the box. hard tomorrow never there everywhere sometimes neatly carefully a. Read the passage ............................. before you answer. b. They ............................. quarrel in the class. c. I searched the book ............................. d. Hemanta ............................. pays attention to his parents. e. Who is standing .............................? f. She always writes ............................. g. Arjun is working ............................. for the examination. h. She will meet you at the bus park .............................

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 115 Reproduction as Q.N. 9 1. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) None helped me last week, …? (add a question tag) b) I had a swimming stint yesterday. (into negative) c) Does it have any meaning. (into statement) d) Bharati …her key. She still can't enter the house. (supply the correct form of the verb "lose") e) Meera said to Moti, "Do you like lemon in your tea?" (into indirect speech) f) Who told you about the robbery ? (into passive) 2. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Someone loves fishing, ..? (add a question tag) b) Did he see my father on the way? (into statement) c) I have already taken my meal. (into negative) d) Ganesh …. at Siddhartha school for many years. (Supply the correct form of the verb "teach") e) Rama said to me, "Where are you going?" (into indirect speech) f) I have to attend a meeting . (into passive) 3. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Someone has a book, … ? (add a question tag) b) He likes meat, too. (into negative) c) Did she hear anybody calling ? (into statement) d) Look ! Somebody ... water on the floor. (supply the correct form of the verb "spill") e) Oasis said to me, " How did you plant a tree ?" (into indirect speech ) f) Farmers have to grow more rice. (into passive) 4. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Ram hardly stands up from bed, ....…? (add a question tag) b) Put some milk in your tea. (into negative) Grammar Practice in CDC Format Grammar Type- 1 (For 6 marks)

116 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 c) Ramila bought a story book last week. (into "what" question) d) I will wait here until he ... up. (supply the correct form of the verb "wake") e) The General forbade his soldiers to smoke (into direct speech) f) Let the book be written by him. (into active) 5. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Mr. Baral is from Baglung, ….? (add a question tag) b) My sister lives with my parents. (into negative) c) It was a great sight. (into interrogative) d) The eldest brother… the family since his father passed away. (use the correct form of the verb "support") e) She asked me if I was going with them. (into direct speech) f) Were you recognised by her? (into active) 6. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Mr. Sharma has been to Scotland recently,…..... ? (add a question tag) b) It is useless to cry over the spilt milk. (into interrogative) c) Madan gets along with his brother-in-law. (into negative) d) The meeting …. due to less participation. (use the correct form of the verb "postpone") e) The ticketing man said to the passengers, "The bus didn't arrive on time." (into indirect speech) f) By whom was this book written? (into active) 7. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Sameer gets along with his brother-in-law. (add a question tag) b) She did not throw a tantrum when she was told that she wouldn't be able to go. (into positive) c) Elina said, "I have just spoken to Kiran." (into reported speech) d) Parliament members will be elected soon. (into active) e) She had nothing to say. (into simple present) f) Let's have a party, … ? (add a question tag) 8. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) The trip is very expensive, ..…? (add a question tag) b) The boy killed the spider with his shoe. (into negative) c) Nepal is known for the scenic beauty. (into interrogative) d) The athletes … for Canada tomorrow. (use the correct form of the verb "leave")

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 117 e) Roniya said to Ankita, "You can speak Spanish well." (into indirect speech) f) Have you finished your work? (into passive) 9. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) The boy killed the spider with his shoe. (into negative) b) She did not recognise him at once. (into positive) c) He said that it would be nice if he could see me again. (into direct speech) d) Our parents and teachers were warmly welcomed. (into active) e) Nobody believes a liar. (into past) f) Has the work been finished by you? (into active) 10. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Aditya had a new red branded car,….? (add a question tag) b) She recognised him at once. ( into negative ) c) The beauty of nature is beyond description. (into interrogative) d) The delivery man...….the petrol already. (use the correct form of the verb "deliver") e) My father said," They like the song." (into indirect speech) f) Has the work been finished by you? (into active) 11. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Dibya recognised him at once. (into negative ) b) He did not apologise for the conduct. (into positive) c) He said that he might be late. (into direct speech) d) Who opened the gate? (into passive) e) There is no use of his status. (simple past) f) I think my mum returns home,…..? (add a question tag) 12. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) She can reply one of these days, (add a question tag) b) He apologised for his conduct. (into negative) c) Everyday he has heard of Devkota. (into interrogative) d) The market … usually noisy in the evening. (use correct form of the verb "to be") e) Apsara says,"I am going to clean the room." (into indirect speech) f) When will they announce the results ? (into passive) 13. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Sujan apologised for his conduct. (into negative)

118 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 b) Martin does not get along with his brother-in-law. (into positive) c) The teacher said, "The earth revolves around the sun." (into reported speech) d) Weigh the solid in the air. (into passive) e) He always speaks the truth. (simple past) f) I don't suppose you are serious,…. ? (a tag question) 14. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) He never came again, ...? (add a question tag) b) She threw a tantrum when she was told that she wouldn't be able to go. (into negative) c) He has his dinner at seven every evening. (into interrogative) d) Arya…... class every Saturday. (use the correct form of the verb "attend") e) Aditi said: "She works in an office." (into indirect) f) Did she recognise you? (into passive) 15. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) My sister lives with my parents. (into negative) b) None but he can play good cricket. (into affirmative) c) 'Will you help me?" the young girl asked. (into reported speech) d) The window was opened by an unseen hand. (into active) e) Everybody loves his motherland. (simple past) f) Let's drink tea, ….... ? (add a question tag) 16. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) I know the answer. (into negative) b) Pokhara is one of the richest cities of Nepal. (into comparative sentence) c) Mother said to the boy,"Did you lock the front door?" (into reported speech) d) The Prime Minister was given a warm send off. (into active) e) She likes white dress. (into past perfect) f) There is a bus to Dhadingbesi every hour,….;? (add a question tag) 17. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) You hardly ever came late, ...? (add a suitable tag) b) My mother works at a bank. (into negative) c) No one worships the setting sun. (into interrogative) d) The board man… to our housing estate every evening. (use the correct form of the verb "come") e) I asked him whether he had been present at the meeting the day before. (into

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 119 direct speech) f) When will the results be announced ( by them)? (into active) 17. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Sophiya sings really well. (into negative) b) Isn't it kind of you to invite us? (into affirmative) c) He said: I might be late. (into reported speech) d) Several rhinos have been killed by poachers. (into active) e) He was not a meritorious boy. (into simple past) f) Let's go to the movie theatre, …… ? (add a question tag) 18. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) You'd better do this, …? (add a question tag) b) Did anybody break the vase? (into affirmative) c) You saw someone there. (into "yes/no" question) d) I ... three chapters by 3 o'clock. (use the correct form of the verb "receive") e) Sahan said to me, "Have another cup of tea." (into indirect speech) f) I hate people telephoning me early in the morning. (into passive) 19. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) I am a student, ….? (add a question tag) b) Either Ram or his friends have come here. (into negative) c) He cut his finger. (into interrogative) d) She ... to work every morning. (Supply the correct form of the verb "hurry") e) The old man cursed him to die. (into direct speech) f) Why does light attract insects? (into passive) 20. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) He's been dancing for 20 minutes,… ? (supply the correct tag) b) She's writing a letter. (into "what" question) c) My father likes tea. (into negative) d) The thief had already run away when the police…. (put the verb "come" in its correct tense) e) The poem was written by Devkota. (into active) f) He said,"What do you want from me?" (into indirect speech) 21. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Come back early in the morning, . …? ( supply the correct tag) b) He studies hard. (into negative)

120 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 c) She has been studying English for 10 years. ( into a "how long" question) d) Listen ! Someone …. . (put the verb "cry" in its correct form) e) Kalpana said to him, "I never drink tea." (into direct speech) f) No one could solve the problem. (into passive) 22. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) You like milk tea,….? ( supply the correct tag) b) Did she tell you anything? (into statement) c) He has never talked to her. (into "yes/no" question) d) Don't cross the road! The bus …. (put the verb "come" in the correct form) e) He said to me, " Go to the bank." (into indirect speech) f) Who was this book written by? (into active) 23. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) She's definitely not coming, .....? ( supply the correct tag) b) The book has been sold. (into "yes/no" question) c) She drinks milk tea. (into "what" question) d) When I reached home, my wife…. (sleep) (put the verb in the bracket in correct tense) e) My father said, " Don't smoke." (into indirect speech) f) The work was done by him. (into active) 24. Reproduce the following sentences as directed in the brackets. a) Manjila threw a tantrum when she was told that she wouldn't be able to go. (into negative) b) The boy did not kill the spider with his shoe. (into passive sentence) c) The angry mother asked her son if he thought that he knew better than his dad. (into direct speech) d) Where have you been found by your father? (into active) e) We shall forget these happy moments. (into simple past) f) She (lose) her wallet. She doesn't have money for her tiffin. (correct form of the verb) 25. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) You'd like pizza, …. ? (add a question tag) b) It does not have any meaning . (into affirmative) c) He has already danced. (into interrogative) d) Pukar (read) 20 pages so far. (use the correct form of the verb)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 121 e) My mother said to me, "The sun rises from the east." (into indirect speech) f) My proposal was refused. (into active) 26. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Let's work hard, ….. ? (add a question tag) b) Let him sing a song. (into negative) c) Are there any students in the class? (into statement) d) His sister (be) engaged since July. (use the correct form of the verb) e) Mohan said to Tom, "Let me help the poor?" (into indirect speech) f) Please return my money. (into passive) 27. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) There is a pen on the table, ….? (add a question tag) b) I have a lot of books. (into negative) c) Ramita goes to school every day on foot. ( into how question) d) Some people never (tell) the truth. (use the correct form of the verb) e) He exclaimed with surprise that she was very beautiful. (into direct speech) f) It is believed that the earth is round. (into active) 28. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) You and I can do it, …. ? (add a question tag) b) He hasn't visited Pokhara yet. (into affirmative) c) Does TV affect our behaviour? (into statement) d) The sky is overcast. It ...(rain) (use the correct form of the verb) e) He said to his son, "Please write a letter in English." (into indirect speech) f) Who won the match? (into passive) 29. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Anupa never works hard, …..? (add a question tag) b) Cows give milk. (into negative) c) Saru saw a giant hornbill last week. (into "what" question) d) Mina… (run) a grocery shop at present. (Supply the correct form of the verb) e) The General said to the soldiers, " Shoot them." (into indirect speech) f) English is spoken all over the world. (into active) 30. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) We'd call a taxi,… ? (add a question tag) b) I have never been to Solu. (into affirmative)

122 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 c) She deals in cloths. (into "yes/no" question) d) The cure of Parkinson…..(find out) by 2025. (Supply the correct form of the verb) e) Sanju said to her husband, "Have a nice journey." (into indirect speech) f) Roshani adores people taking her to restaurants. (into passive) 31. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Let me sing a song,..? (add a question tag) b) I'm fine and so is my brother. (into negative) c) We make a lot of profit. (into "yes/no" question) d) He (lose) his wallet. He doesn't have money for his tiffin. (use the correct form of the verb) e) They congratulated me. (into direct speech) f) They are cutting down the trees. (into passive) 32. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) One should obey his parents,…? (add a question tag) b) They have already eaten beef. (into negative) c) He never reads magazines. (into affirmative) d) Tom (visit) Kathmandu in 2011. (supply the correct form of the verb) e) "Have you done your homework?" said the teacher. (into indirect speech) f) Finally, he won the match. (into passive) 33. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) They've finished their work,…? (supply the correct tag) b) She's done her homework. (into "yes/no" question) c) He never speaks English. (into affirmative) d) By 2030, total enrolment rate in grade I …. (reach) 100%. (into direct speech) e) The teacher said that he had been teaching English for 20 years. (into direct speech) f) They are building a new ring road. (into passive) 34. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) He'll do the task,…? (add a question tag) b) She dances well. (into "yes/no" question) c) She walks to school. (into "how" question) d) I … (teach) in this school for 15 years. (put the verb in bracket in correct tense) e) He said to me, "What's your name?" (into indirect speech)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 123 f) The road is being repaired now. (into active) 35. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Let's have a party,…. ? (supply the correct tag) b) He can sing a folk song. (into "yes/no" question) c) She always prays in the morning. (into negative) d) By 2020, she … (complete) master's degree. (correct form of the verb) e) This poem was written by Devkota. (into active) f) He said, "What do you want from me ?" (into indirect speech) 36. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Don't smoke,….. ? (add a question tag) b) My dog loves Travelling in fast cars. (into negative) c) Someone hit her on her head. (into interrogative) d) No one likes him. He always…. (beat) about the bush. (supply the correct form of the verb) e) Laxman said he was ill the previous week. (into direct speech) f) No one can solve this problem. (into passive) 37. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Let him play the music, …. ? (add a question tag) b) I'm fine too. (into negative) c) Paru has to take medicines regularly. (into "yes/no" question) d) She generally sings Nepali songs. But today she…. (sing) English songs. (supply the correct form of the verb) e) My father forbade me to take drugs. (into direct speech) f) Weigh the solid in air. (into passive) 38. Rewrite the following sentences as indicated in the brackets. a) Let's wish for her long life, …. ? (add a question tag) b) She has already finished her work. (into negative) c) He didn't go there either. (into affirmative) d) Hush! Someone … (cry) outside. (supply the correct form of the verb) e) "Have you ever seen a wounded man?" said the king. (into indirect speech) f) Don't insult the weak. (into passive)

124 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Grammar Type- 2 for 5 marks Contextual Passage as Q.No.10 1. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: There lived… (an, a, the) university student near my house. He used to go to university …(on, in, with,) foot. One day I met him when he…(was going, went, had gone) to the market. He was in a hurry. I stopped and asked him, "Why …(you are running, he was running, are you running)? he replied, "The bus is about to leave,….. (doesn't it, isn't, aren't it)?" In fact the bus had already started …( because, but, as) some people were left behind. Neither the boy nor his friends….(was, had, were) able to catch the bus. Everyone….. (were stranded, was stranded, are stranded) on the road. If they were in time, they,….. (would catch, will have caught, will catch) the bus without any problem. In this way, the situation made them…. (to regret, regret, regretted) for themselves. 2. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: A hungry fox, in search of a meal, once saw a crow, sitting on…. (a/ an/ the) branch of a tree and holding a large piece of meat in its beak. The fox sat down ….(below/ beneath/ in) the tree, and began to talk to ..…(himself /herself/ oneself) aloud, "What a fine handsome bird …(this crow was/ that crow is / that is crow)," said he,"but what a pity that it ….(could sing /can sing /cannot sing). In fact the poor creature is 'quite dumb'." The crow,…. (because of/ in spite of/ even though) its great beauty, could only utter a single sound, I ./……(shall think /should have thought /should think) it an excellent crow, if not the finest bird I ever saw. As it is I can only pity an despise it". A crow does not like….... (be insulted/ being insulted/ insulting) in such a way. It made the crow… (to think, /thought,/think) about cawing. Here upon the insulted and vain crow opened its beak to show that it could caw in the best style. The meat dropped from its beak. Saying,"thanks very much," the fox ate it and ran off. 3. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: One evening I wanted to get home early to watch my favourite programme on TV. Just as I was leaving, however, some students came in to complain. But I didn't ..( listen, /listened,/ to listen) to them thinking that I …(will be/ would be/ would /have been) late for (a/an/the) programme if I got delayed there. Then, as I …..... (drove/ was driven/ had driven) home, I noticed that I was almost out ….... (from/ of/ off) petrol. I stopped at a self–service station…......(in /order to/ although /because) get some and arrived home just in time. When the television …... (was switching/ switched /was switched) on, I found that it was not working properly. Luckily a friend of mine had a new video recorder, so I rang him up

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 125 and said, "My TV is not working; so …….. (recorded/ to record/ please record) the programme for me, (will /don't/ would) you?" Thus, I could get him… the programme. (record /to record/ recorded) 4. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: A man who had just died ….. (arrive /arrived/had arrived) at the heaven's gate. Yamaraj, the God of death, questioned him if he …… (loved/ had loved /is loved) women. "No" …. ( a /an/ the ) man replied,"I never loved a single woman." Yamaraj asked him again if he had loved a child then. "No," had I loved a child, "I …. (should /would/ had) have told you." His answer …(made Yamaraj /Yamaraj made /made) silent. Then he asked again."Perhaps you loved animals,…. (did not /not / didn't ) you ? "No," he answered. "Once I ….. (am bit /was beaten /was bitten) by a dog …. (after /since /before) then I have hated animals. Then, the man ….( was /were/ have) taken …..( onto/ into) the palace of Yamaraj. 5. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: It was very late when an old beggar came to a rich farmyard. He was tired and hungry as he…. (had travelled/ travelled /will travel ) far that day. He said to himself, I must get someone….. (to help /help/ helped) me because it was snowing. I will go up here, may be the farmer will help me. He could probably give me somewhere to lie down……. (so /when /since) the old beggar walked up to the farmhouse and he knocked on the door. The farmer was just finishing his tea, and his wife said, 'There's someone …(for/ on /at) the door. You heard the knock,…. (did /didn't /wouldn't) you?" The farmer said, well, I'll go and see who's there. He walked out and there at his door stood an old beggar. 6. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: In the remote past, there was a man who was supposed to be...…. (a/an/the) heir to the throne, but he didn't pay due attention….. (for/ to /in) the affairs of the country. He with his friends …(is /was/were) interested in the activities that…......(would / was/ were) not suitable for him. Actually he…...... (were supposed/ had supposed / was supposed ) to be involved in the affairs that were good for the well-being of the people. …..(although/ in spite of/ because of) his counsellor's advice, he did not give up his bad habits. As a result, one day a big demonstration was organised against him and the people warned him…. (not to get involved/ to get involved / not get involved) in bad activities any more. But they couldn't get him …(stop/ to stop/ stopping) committing mistakes. If he…. (listen/listened/had listened ) to the people's warning in time, he wouldn't have left his motherland. He was not a good man,….? (wasn't he/ was he/ is he)

126 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 7. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: Do you know …? (what does opera mean/ what opera means / what will opera mean). It refers….(by/to/form) a dramatic art form, originated in Europe, in …..(what /which/ that) the emotional content is conveyed to the audience as it…. (is/ was/ has) through the lyrics. By contrast, in musical theatre the actor's dramatic performance is primary ….. (a / an /the ) drama in opera …(is presented /are presented /have been presented) using the primary elements of the theatre. Some of which…. (have/ is/ are ) scenery, costume and actions. However the words of the opera, or libretto are sung rather than spoken ........? (isn't it/ aren’t they/ wouldn't they). The huge accompaniment of the singers something makes the opera…. (sound/ sounded/ to sound) like a full symphonic orchestra. One feels the real flavour of the orchestra if one …. (watch/ watches /will watch ) it in person. 8. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: One day a man… (drove, was driving, will be driving) at 80 kilometres per… (a, an, the, no article) hour. He accelerated and passed the chicken. Three minutes later the chicken passed him again as he was driving …(on, at, by) 100kph. The man tried to catch the chicken but it ran down a side road. The man followed it into a farmyard…… (and, but, because) couldn't find it anywhere. The man saw some farm women and told them his story. The women said that ….( we like, they liked. we do like,) chicken legs so they bred 3-legged chickens. "What does it taste like? It tastes like local chicken,….. (isn't it, doesn't if, wasn't it)? asked the man. "I don't know," replied a woman, "we haven't caught one yet. All of them…(run, runs, is running) so fast. I will get … (catch, to catch, caught) one if a superman….(comes, came, had come) to help me. 9. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: Having eaten some delicious food in…. (a, an, the none) Indian restaurant, Dorje discovered that his wallet…… (stole, had stolen, was stolen). He could easily sense the problem he was going to have. Just then a businessman got a call…. (for, at, on) his cell phone. He hanged up, grinning from ear to ear and ordered a round of drinks and food for everybody in the bar…… (although, to, because) he announced, his wife had just produced a baby boy. Dorje became relaxed and congratulated the businessman. Luckily he got his bill…… (to pay, paid, pay). Congratulations showered him from all around and many exclamations of "WOW" ! …. (was, are, were) heard. Two weeks later the businessman…… (has returned, returned, had returned) to the bar. One of the waiters asked, "your

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 127 son is all right, ....…. (isn't he, aren’t he, wasn’t you)? The businessman replied that…..... (my son is okay, my son was okay, his son was okay). The waiter requested the man, "if you …..... (will celebrate, celebrate, celebrated) your son's birthday, please order the birthday cake from here." The businessman smiled and said "sure"!. 10. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: Once I happened to visit a village far from the town…..... (a/an, the) village was full of natural beauty. There were not many houses which were made…...... (in. of, from) mud bricks. The village was very neat and clean. In one place,.....…. (a sheep, sheep, sheep's) were grazing under the tree. Shepherds were playing 'dandi biyo"…..... (in spit of, though, because of) their attention to the game, they did not take any notice of me. I…........(please, had pleased, was pleased) with the lamb. But one of the boys came to me and rebuked me .....…(to play, not to play, not to be played) with the lamb. If he had not behaved in such a way, I…....... (will enjoy, would enjoy, would have enjoyed) playing for a long time. It made me…........ (leave, to leave, left) the place. I think he should not have behaved so,........…. (don't I , should I, should he)? 11. Choose the correct word from the brackets to complete the text below: It was….... (an/ a/ the) windy evening. I was pretending as if I was reading in my room. Way down…..(in/ at /on) my heart, I couldn't help feeling that there was something in what grandmother had said. The leaven of my grand parent's philosophy…...(was/ were/ has) working. I could clearly see that happiness, contentment and peace depended more upon genius, spasmodic effort or keeping up appearances....…. (couldn't /could I /can't I )? (although however /because) .....…mother had been wonderfully courageous father could hardly have claimed that virtue. What kind of mother would have to be there in order to have filled the expectations of the grandmother ….....(was/ is/ were) difficult to imagine for me now. It makes me….......(feel/ to feel /feeling ) all the them. Had I not been alone in the room, I ...…(would think /did think /would not have thought) so. Anyway I believed that I…....(had learnt/ have learnt/ am learnt) much from my family. Then the door…....( was knocked /knocked /would knock) and I was called by mother.

128 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Part-II Writing Skill for 24 marks 1. Paragraph Some samples 1. The Most Memorable Event I still remember the first time I went to a summer camp -- the rich smell of burning wood and the laughs of new people getting to know each other. Secrets were shared. Games were played, especially truth or dare. Those two weeks were a time to remember. And I would think of them whenever I am sad, lonely or even happy. Unfortunately, it was so long ago and I was too small to understand certain things. The most vivid memory of all was times spent in the woods. Those woods spread farther than anyone really knew. And yet I never got lost. The bright white moon always told me where to go. Not only because of the people I was with, but also how I felt being surrounded by the things I love, the trees, the lakes and the clear fresh skies that holstered stars. I will never forget the experiences I shared with those who are now my best friends. Moments like those are what make me most thankful. 2. Peddling on My Own Learning how to ride a bike for the first time was a nerve racking independent moment. I was about five years old when my sister informed me that I was too old to still be riding a bike with training wheels. I went outside and started to take the little wheels off my bike. I slowly got on the bike, and with my shaky hands, I gripped the handles tightly. Meanwhile my sister was holding on to me to help keep my balance. I was so afraid that she would let go, yet I was determined to ride this bike on my own. Next with a little push from her, I started to peddle. The faster my bike went the faster my heart raced. I was so excited that I accomplished freedom on my bike that I forgot to peddle. The next step I remember, I was lying on the ground. I will never forget the exhilarating moment and growing up stage of riding a bike without training wheels. 3. Write your attitude towards using cell phones in schools. Should Cell Phones be Allowed in Schools? I do not believe that cell phones should be allowed in schools. I think they are distracting and make people okay with doing nothing. I also think they are Guided Writing-I (5 Marks)

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 129 stunting children’s social development, so here is why I think how I do. There are so many times I have seen my classmates playing with their phones in class. There are people using them all the time and teachers are so dumb that they cannot see it. There are so many of my friends who ignore each other and play on their phone instead. The impact of cell phones in schools is nothing less than devastating. It is a shame that by the time people start studying the psychological effects of mobile phone in schools it will be too late because our society will have been taken over by people who have better things to do than check Facebook updates every three minutes or plant crops in an imaginary field. 4. Write your attitude towards Internet. Internet The internet can be both helpful and hindering to people of all ages. For children, the internet provides a vast library of knowledge. Students literally have the world at their fingertips. Any topic can be researched at any time, day or night. The internet also makes learning the textbook content more interesting by offering games and short videos that students may watch and interact with. For adults, it is still a wonderful resource for information about diseases, world news, parenting tips, and many other things. Again, adults, like children, can research any topic at any time. There are also games on the internet, as well as forums and groups, which cater to the interest of individuals. Many adults choose to shop online instead of going to the mall or department stores. The internet, however, can be harmful to children and adults in quite a few ways. Online predators are always out preying on children who are willing to give away their personal information. Children may also stumble across sites that are inappropriate for them. Some problems for adults that are caused by the internet are pornography, lack of real-life relationships, laziness, and gambling. 1. Write a paragraph describing how you felt on the first day in class nine. 2. Write a paragraph talking about your visit to the zoo. 3. Write a paragraph describing an accident which you have seen with your eyes. 4. Have you ever been punished in the school? Describe your experience in a paragraph. 5. Describe the moment when you were left alone at home. 6. What is your attitude on horoscope? Write in a couple of paragraphs. 7. Is the TV beneficial to students? Write your view in a paragraph.

130 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8. Express your attitude towards foreign culture in about 150 words. 9. Do you think it is good to provide dowry to daughters at their marriage? Write your opinion in not less than 100 words. 10. Express your attitude towards the people who enjoy foreign culture but ignore their own in about 150 words. 11. Write a paragraph expressing your attitude about physical punishment given at schools. 12. Should students completely depend on their teachers? Write your view in a couple of paragraphs. 2. Description of table / chart / diagram Introduction The information that is supplied in the form of a diagram is called graph. The types of graphs can be listed as follows. a) Bar graph b) Line graph c) Pie charts d) Tables Students should know how to write the information available on graphs, charts and tables into a narrative form of language. Proper attention should be paid to the main information in the process of interpretation or writing. It is essential to compare, contrast and show the trends of changes in the figures and facts presented. Some tips for interpreting charts, diagrams and tables: The following points are helpful to interpret the chart. 1. Look at the graphs, charts or tables very carefully and try to understand what they are about. 2. The interpretation should be strictly objective. 3. Start from the data or information which is clearly seen. 4. Try to select the suitable heading from the data and what it is about. 5. Describe the hidden thing from the data like average, mean, percentage etc. 6. Think about grammatical accuracy. Try to understand whether the information is related to past, present or future. 7. Be careful about correct spelling and punctuation. 8. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting main features and make comparison where relevant. 9. Organise and link the information in a logical way. 10. Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant example for your own knowledge or experience.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 131 Specimen: Write a paragraph on the basis of the following table: Chocolate consumption –kilos per head in 2002. Country Kilos per head (female) Kilos per head (male) Total kilos per head Brazil 0.5 0.4 0.9 Japan 0.8 1.0 1.8 Australia 2.2 2.2 4.4 Belgium 4.0 2.8 6.8 UK 4.0 4.4 8.4 Austria 6.0 3.8 9.8 Switzerland 5.0 5.3 10.3 The above table provides information on how much chocolate people ate in a range in different countries around the world. It shows the number of kilos per head eaten in 2002 and provides a breakdown of these figure for men and women. Total chocolate consumption ranges from 0.9 to 10.3 kilos per head. The country with highest consumption of chocolate is Switzerland, where an average of 10.3 kilos is consumed per person. In Austria, we see a very similar consumption pattern. By contrast, Brazilians would eat the least amount of chocolate. 1. Look at the graph below about the popularity of civil and electronic engineering among Nepalese students. Write a paragraph interpreting the chart using the clues in the box. 350 300 250 200 150 Electronic engineering Civil engineering 100 50 1980 1985 1990 1995

132 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Ans: Popularity of Engineering The graph indicates the popularity of electronic and civil engineering subjects among Nepalese students between the years 1980 and 1995. Overall, electronic engineering gained popularity over civil engineering in all the years, although, student enrolment rate in civil engineering also steadily increased. A closer look at the graph reveals that enrolment in electronic engineering was about 130 in 1980, and the number doubled in 1995 with 300 number of students. On the other hand, the enrolment in civil engineering in 1980 was slightly below 100 and the number reached to 250 in the year 1995. In summary, although both electronic and civil engineering saw parallel rise in student enrolment, electronic engineering was constantly popular among Nepalese students over civil engineering. 2. The chart below shows how Mr. Yadav spends his money. Look at it and interpret the information given in the chart. Ans: Mr. Yadav's Expenses The chart highlights how Mr. Yadav spends his earning on different topics. According to the chart, Mr. Yadav spends most of his salary on his food followed by clothes and entertainment. A detailed look at the chart illustrates that Mr. Yadav spends 45% of his salary on his food which is nearly double his expenses on clothes and entertainment at 25 % and 20% respectively. However, he spends only 10% on rent. Overall, Mr. Yadav’s expenses on food seems to be nearly double his expenses on three different titles - clothes, entertainment and rent.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 133 3. A Set of Instructions Tips to write instructions 1. First read the questions and generate some ideas to write introduction/ direction to prepare something. 2. List out ingredients required 3. Use simple sensible sentences. 4. You need to use imperative sentences with linking words (first of all, then, after that, next at last, finally) Specimen -1 The procedures for mouth- to mouth resuscitation are given below. 1. First, place the patient on his or her back on a firm surface. 2. Then, quickly clear out anything (e.g. Food) from the mouth and throat 3. Extend the patients head as far as possible to keep the airway open. 4. After that, pinch the patient’s mouth so that no air escape. 5. Seal your mouth around the patient’s mouth so that no air escape. 6. Then, blow the air into the lungs until the chest is seen to expend. 7. Remove your mouth quickly to allow passive expiration. 8. Repeat the progress 10-15 times per minute until the patient’s breathing begins again. Note: The above procedures can be written in a paragraph, too. Specimen- 2 Making Pizza Ingredients: pizza base, pizza sauce, favourites pizza toppings, i.e. onions mushroom, chicken spinach leaves, peppers etc. and cheese. Instructions First of all preheat the oven to 204 degree Celsius, Then, prepare the crust. You need to do the following things in this step. - Remove the unbaked crust from the packing and place it on the banking sheet. - Spread a thin coating of olive oil over the top of the crust with a pastry brush. After that, spread pizza sauce on the crust and add toppings. To add toppings. - Layer your favorite toppings over the sauce.

134 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 1. Write stepwise procedures to mend a bicycle puncture. 2. Write stepwise procedures for mouth to mouth resuscitation, an immediate help to the patient. 3. Imagine that one of your friends coming to visit your school. Write the direction to reach your school from the nearest bus park. 4. Imagine that one of your friends from village is coming to visit you. Write the short-cut directions to reach your home from the nearest station. 5. Write a direction how to reach to a nearest hospital from your home. 4. Recipe Recipe is a set of instructions for making something from various ingredients. Some tips for writing recipes 1. Ingredients: The starting point of all recipes is a table of ingredients. List your ingredients in the order they appear in the method 2. Method: the method section and the ingredients list should correlate to make a recipe as easy to follow as possible. You also need to explain your method clearly to allow for both beginner and more experienced cooks 3. Precision: Be precise, especially in measurements, timings, oven temperatures and tin or dish sizes. Clearly describe how the ingredients should be prepared. 4. Measurement: Use exact measurements Some samples 1. Recipe to make an omelet Ingredients • 2 eggs • 2 tbsp (30 ml) water • Pinch salt • Pinch pepper • Filling ingredients Instructions Step-1: Whisk eggs, water, salt and pepper. Step-2 : Spray 8-inch (20 cm) non-stick skillet with cooking spray. Heat over medium-high heat. Pour in egg mixture. As eggs set around edge of skillet, with spatula, gently push cooked portions toward centre of skillet. Tilt and rotate skillet to allow uncooked egg to flow into empty spaces. Step-3: When eggs are almost set on surface but still look moist, cover half of omelette with filling. Slip spatula under unfilled side; fold over onto filled half. Step-4 : Cook for a minute, then slide omelette onto plate.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 135 2. Recipe to make cold coffee Preparation time 2 mins Cooking time 5 mins Total time 7 mins Ingredients (used American measuring cup, 1 cup = 250 ml) • 4 tbsp coffee powder • 1 tbsp cocoa powder (optional) • 5 tbsp hot water • 4 tbsp sugar • 3 cups milk • few ice cubes • scoop of chocolate or any ice cream of your choice (optional) Process to make 1. First mix coffee powder and cocoa powder using with hot water. Boil for 2 mins until all dissolves. Add sugar and boil for a minute more until sugar dissolves. 2. Now strain the mixture with a mesh strainer. 3. Combine 2 tbsp of the coffee solution with milk and ice cubes. Blend until all blends well. 4. Serve cold coffee in tall glasses with a scoop of ice cream of your choice. 1. How do you cook curd fish? Write a recipe to cook it. 2. Describe a recipe to prepare boiled egg. 3. How do you make rice-pudding? Mention the necessary ingredients and describe the method to cook. 4. Describe the process of making Chana Chatpate. Also make a list of the things needed. 5. How is MoMo (dumpling) cooked? List the ingredients that you need and describe the method.

136 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 5. Advertisement Some Tips Write the headline in bold letters as shown in the specimen. The form of headline can be like this. WANTED Vacancy Announcement Vacancy Notice Employment Opportunity Vacancy i. Write a brief introduction of the organisation. ii. Mention the vacant post (s) and the number of people required. iii. Mention the required qualifications and experiences. iv. Mention the major duties and responsibilities to be carried out. v. Mention the facilities i.e. salary, bonus and other benefits to be provided. vi. Mention the documents to be submitted. vii. Write the deadline to apply. ix. Write address to send the petition / application. x. Mention the first date of publication. VACANCY A well established Multinational Organisation is seeking an energetic, self-motivated and dynamic person for the following post. Post : Machine Operator Qualification : 10 + 2 or equivalent in any discipline Required No. : Some Experience : At least 2 years in the related field. Salary and Benefits : As per the company's rules. Qualified candidates are informed to apply with their CV and a passport size photo by September 2, 2020 to: The Managing Director Colgate Palmolive Pvt. Ltd. Nepal, P.O Box No: 2345 HID, Hetauda -8, Makawanpur

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 137 1. You are the principal of a school. Your school requires an English teacher for secondary level. You would like to have a trained and experienced English teacher. Write an advertisement for the post. 2. You are the principal of a school. Your school requires a music teacher. The music teacher must have a Bachelor's degree in music, and be capable to teach both classical and pop genre. Write an advertisement for the post. 3. Suppose you are the principal of a secondary school in Kathmandu: your school has a vacancy for the post of secondary level English teacher. Now, write an advertisement for the post mentioning the requirements, deadline etc, for application from interested and qualified candidates. 4. Suppose you are the headmaster of a secondary school; your school has a vacancy for the post of a secondary level science teacher. Now write an advertisement for the post mentioning the requirements. 6. Notice A notice is a formal means of communication. The purpose of a notice is to announce or display information to a specific group of people. Notices are generally meant to be pinned up on specific display boards whether in schools or in public places. Notice issued by the government appear in newspapers. Format A notice should be written is the following format: • The name of the organization issuing the notice. • The title 'NOTICE' • A heading to introduce the subject of the notice. • The date • The body of the notice • The writer's signature, name (in block letters) and designation Name of organization/ office issuing the notice Date Notice Heading Body of letter Signature Name Designation

138 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Points to remember: • A well written notice must inform the readers about the Ws: - What is going to happen, (that is, the event) - Where will it take place? - When will it take place (that is, the date the time)? - Who can apply or is eligible for it? - Whom is contact or apply to (that is, the issuing authority)? • Only the most important points should be written. • The sentences should be short and grammatically accurate. • They should be in the passive voice as far as possible. • The notice should be presented within a box. • Information given in a notice must be clear and should not cause any misunderstanding or confusion. • A notice must be catchy and appealing - it should attract the reader's attention at once. • Increase the visual appeal of your notice by using bold letters, catchy slogans, striking words and phrases, etc. • Standard abbreviations are allowed. Sample Notices Children's Welfare Association Notice 10 Jan 2022 Holl Fiesta The children's Welfare Association is ogranising a Holi festival in the colony as per the following details. Date: 17 February 2022 Time: 9 am to 5 pm Venue: Handigaun, Kathmandu The residents are requested to come along with their families and friends and add colour to the rejoicing Yaman Yaman Karna President, CWA

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 139 New Numuna School, Kathmandu Notice 13 April 2022 Meeting of Science Society On the occasion of National Science and Technology Day, the school has decided to organize a fair. All the bearers are requested to attend a meeting int eh School Library on 16 April 2022 at 10 a.m. to discuss in arrangements for the fair. Kalyan Kalyan Sunuwar (Secretary, Science Society) Questions as No. 5 for practice 1. Imagine that your uncle from the USA has sent you a mobile set for your outstanding performance in SEE exam. Write a thank-you note to him in approximately 100 words. [5] Clues: mobile set…..you had a long desire for it….. very thankful to him..... 2. Imagine that a student of your school stood first in inter school essay competition. Write a message of congratulation to be published in a newspaper. Use the given clues. [5] Name _____ class _____ talented and hard-working _____ popular among friends and teachers _____ best wishes for future. 3. Look at the chart below about the popularity of civil and electronic engineering among Nepalese students. Write a paragraph interpreting the chart using the clues in the box. [5] Popularity of civil and electronic engineering _____ from 2005 to 2020 _____ electronic engineering more popular _____ student enrollment increased .

140 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 4. Write a set of five rules and regulations for the examinees in an exam hall. [5] _____ admit card _____ arrive on time _____ bring necessary materials _____ cannot leave before an hour _____ no cheating. 5. Write a set of five instructions on how to make an omelette. [5] 6. Imagine that one of your friends stood first in Inter School Poem recitation. Write a formal message of congratulations on behalf of your school in about one hundred words. Consider the following points: [5] Clues: Name of the student - diligent student - creative, proud of her/him – keep it up. 7. One of your classmates has won "The Best Singer Award" in the district level singing competition. Write a message of congratulation to be published in a newspaper on behalf of your school using the following clues. [5] Dawa Sherpa ______ "The Best Singer Award" ______ the result of his hard work ______ all really proud of him ______ wish for further success. 8. Describe the following pie chart which shows monthly expenditure of the Suwals family. [5] Monthly expenses of Suwal's family _____ saves the highest _____ spends more on education _____ spends the least on health 9. Write a letter of apology for not being able to attend the wedding ceremony where you were invited. Use the clues given below: [5] Clues: address/date _____ greeting/gratitude _____ reason for not attending _____ closing _____ subscription.

Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 141 7. A Set of Rules and Regulations Some tips Read the clues, if given. Otherwise read the question carefully and think of what you are allowed to do and what you are not allowed to do at the given place. Write complete sentences that express either obligations or prohibitions. You'd better use the following structures to express obligations and prohibitions. S +should (n't) + v1…. S + must (n't) + v1….. S + is /am/ are allowed………. It is forbidden / prohibited to + v1…… Gerund noun (v4) + is (n't) allowed, etc. Specimen -1 A set of obligations and prohibitions to be followed at a visiting park. 1. The visitors should enter the park at the time when the park remains open. 2. All the visitors must pay an entrance fee to enter the park. 3. No visitor is allowed to pluck the flowers in the garden. 4. Provoking animals around the park is strictly prohibited. 5. The visitors are required to place the trash in the rubbish bins and should care about the cleanliness of park. 6. The visitors of the park must respect the religious and cultural sites all around the park. Specimen -2 A set of obligations and prohibitions to be followed at a school library. 1. Students are not allowed to make noise in the library. 2. Every student must pay Rs. 50 to be a member of the library. 3. The membership should be renewed every year. 4. All students must return their books before the deadline. Otherwise, they will have to pay 50 paisa per day fine for overdue books. 5. No one is allowed to enter the library with a bag. If they have one, they will have to put them in a designated place before entering the library. 6. Tearing or damaging books is strictly prohibited.

142 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Specimen -3 A set of obligations and prohibitions to be followed in a park; 1. Visitors are not allowed to get into the park without paying the entrance fee. 2. Visitors are strictly prohibited from setting a fire in the park. 3. Camping is allowed in the park. 4. Visitors are expected to keep the rubbish in the specified place. 5. Visitors are allowed to have a dry picnic in the park. 6. Visitors are not allowed to feed the animals. 7. Pets are not allowed into the park. 8. Visitors must not go very close to the animals. 9. Hunting is strictly prohibited in the park. 10. Children under 10 years are not obliged to pay the entrance fee. 1. Write a set of rules and regulations that the patients of a hospital are supposed to follow. 2. Write a set of rules and regulations that the customers of a department store are supposed to follow. 3. Write a set of obligations and prohibitions that the visitors of a museum are supposed to follow. 4. Write a set of obligations and prohibitions that the hostel residents should follow. 5. Write a set of obligations and prohibitions to be followed in the examination hall. 6. Write a set of obligations and prohibitions that one has to follow at the National Zoo.