Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 193 1. Write a formal message of congratulation to a friend who got a scholarship to study abroad. 2. Write a formal message of congratulation to a friend who stood first in the engineering entrance examination. 3. Suppose that one of your friends has been appointed as the General Manager of Standard Chartered Bank. Write a formal message of congratulation. 4. One of your friends got admitted in an IT collage. Write a letter of congratulation. 5. Suppose one of your brothers got the first prize in a national-level essay competition. Write a letter of congratulation. 6. Your brother passed the SEE with distinction as the topper of the school. Write a letter congratulating him. Write congratulation messages and letters, both, to the following people. 1. Your friend has a got a scholarship to study MBBS at Kathmandu University. 2. Suppose one of your relatives has won the gold medal in the SAARC level karate championship and got selected for the coming Olympic Games in London. 3. Your friend Binod Giri has topped the A Level course from Trinity College, Kathmandu and won a scholarship to study in UK. 4. You are the principal of your school. One of your students has topped the district securing 4 GPA is SEE examination. 5. Your father's friend has become the Education Minister of Nepal. 6. Your classmate has stood first in the final examination held by your school. Write a message of congratulation to be published in a national level daily newspaper. Condolence Letter A letter of condolence is generally written in the name of the dead. The letter of condolence bears a message about the death, which is always untimely. Mortality is always untimely irrespective of whether the dead is in her/his old age or infancy. These letters are short in size and sent at once after hearing the bad news of the death. In the letter, one should describe the moral conduct of the dead one. This sort of letter is always full of matters of love and affection.
194 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Birth Death 2025-12-03 2077-10-01 We are deeply saddened to learn of the untimely demise of Mrs. Anita Sharma The manager of Rastriya Rara Bank in the bus accident on Magh 1, 2078. She was very popular among her colleagues. She gave good services to the bank. She was helpful and co-operative. We extend our heartfelt condolence to her bereaved family and relatives. We pray for her departed soul to rest in peace in heaven. She will always remain in our hearts and memories. She has shown us a good path to march ahead which is unforgettable. We miss her a lot. Her death is a great loss for all of us. Rastriya Rara Bank, Lalitpur Photo HEARTFELT CONDOLENCE Letter of Sympathy Introduction Letters of sympathy are mostly written and sent when misfortunes like loss of property, accident, disaster, and calamities happen. Only a few expressions of emotional feelings are in the letter so that the receiver of the letter should feel that love and hearty sympathy is with the sender for him. The letter begins with news of misfortune that you heard and regret over it. It is written when somebody has lost something, got injured or badly hurt, or faced unsuccessful cases, etc. It is meant to encourage the receiver. Tips for students A. Begin your letter of sympathy in the following ways; ► I was so sorry to learn that + unpleasant event ► I was shocked to learn about + unpleasant event ► I was extremely sorry to know about + event ► I am really sorry to know about + event. ► I was extremely worried to know about + event. ► I have no words to express how sorry I am to hear about + event.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 195 ► Words fail to express my sorrow about + event. B. Expressions of consolation: ► Don't worry. What is gone is gone forever. Think of the future. ► Failure and success are a part of life. We must face them. ► Our life is full of ups and downs. Happiness and sorrow come side by side. ► Failure is said to be the foundation of success. ► Don't lose your hope. Be positive and optimistic. ► Don't be discouraged with what has happened. Try again and you are bound to be successful. C. Expressing sympathy and offering assistance: ► You have all my sympathy. ► I extend my deep sympathy to you at this hour of dismay. ► I pray to the god for your quick recovery. ► My parents join me in my sympathies towards you. ► May the god preserve and support you! ► We pray that your grief be lightened as soon as possible. ► Please do not hesitate to write to me if you need any help. ► Nothing that I can write will reduce your sorrow since only time can do that, I hope it will. Model of Sympathy Letter Specimen-1 Write a letter of sympathy to your friend who has had an accident and is in hospital. Use the clues in the box to help you. Rishi Rana : a great cyclist, took part in a cycle race, fell down and broke her ankle, is in hospital. 2078-08-04 Dear Rishi, I am really upset to learn that you have been injured as you fell off your bicycle while taking part in the cycle race. It has become really difficult for me to believe that you broke your ankle because you are a great cyclist. I hope you will be discharged from hospital soon. I wish you a speedy recovery. May god bless you to recover early! With best wishes, Bimal
196 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Specimen -2 Your friend Louise fell off her bike and is in hospital. She postponed her travel plan to Nepal because her leg has been broken. Write a letter of sympathy to her. 12th July 2021 Dear Louise, I was so sorry to learn about your bike accident. Your letter further gave me a shock that you broke your leg and had to stay in hospital for a month. What a bad luck! However, you have said that your leg is getting better and you will be able to walk after two months. It has given me a relief. I am sad about this unfortunate accident. Louise, you know that our life is a struggle. It is full of joys and sorrows. We have to face both pleasant and unpleasant events in life. Now you are in pain and trouble. But don't worry you are sure to regain your pleasure and happiness. Accident happen and they are common. Thank god, your accident is a minor one. Every day many people lose their lives on the road. So, don't worry. You are safe. Take it easy. You have all my sympathy. I pray to the god for your quick recovery. After that you will be here in Nepal. We will be enjoying unique natural beauty. I will be waiting for you. With best wishes Shiva Specimen -3 A letter of sympathy to a friend who fell off his/ her bicycle and is now in hospital. Bank Road Hetauda -2 March 28, 2022 Dear Prakash, I was extremely sorry to hear that you fell off your bicycle and broke your ankle while taking part in a cycle race. I can't believe my ears! As I know you're a great cyclist who has already bagged a number of medals in cycle competitions. I felt quite upset when I heard about your sudden fall. I can't imagine the pain you are going through and how badly the fall hurt you. I wish for your speedy recovery. I'll come to see you in the hospital as soon as possible. Take care and have plenty of rest. Ever yours, Saroj
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 197 1. Write a letter of sympathy to your friend who has had an accident and is in hospital now. Use the clues in the box. Tika Lama ….. a great cyclist …. took part in a cycle race,/……fell off the cycle and broke her ankle…… in hospital now…. 2. Your friend has failed class 8 examination due to his long illness. Write a letter of sympathy to him/her and advise him\her not to be discouraged. 3. Imagine you are an adult of 20 years. Your friend was in love with a boy/ a girl. Unfortunately their relationship came to an end when his\her parents refused their proposal. So, your friend has been very much disappointed now. Write him\her a letter of sympathy. 4. Suppose your uncle's field has been buried under a hill due to landslides. He has not only seen his crops disappear but also the whole land. Write a letter sympathising and advising him what to do. 5. Write a letter of sympathy to a friend who has not been selected for the national level Chhamchhami Dance Competition because he/she has been disqualified from the preliminary selection round. 6. You and your friend, Pimpa Gurung, were working in Gyan Punja Secondary School, Sanothimi, Bhaktapur. Unfortunately she was killed in a road accident while crossing the road in Maitighar, Kathmandu. Use the clues in the box to write a letter of sympathy to her parents. Pimpa Gurung…. 24 years old… English teacher…died on 28th March 2021 … friendly honest…. hard working and helpful. 7. Suppose you are Suman Rana and one of your friends has had an untimely and unexpected demise in a plane crash near Bhattedanda in Lalitpur. Write a letter of condolence to his parents using the clues given in the box. Anirudra Sharma, …….45 years old, ………died on 1st April 2021 ….. Himalayan Airlines…. Founder principle of Bharatpur Higher Secondary School… helpful, honest, hard working and a popular social worker. Miss him very much … never forget.
198 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8. One of your friends has died in a road accident. Write a letter of sympathy to his family, with the help of following clues. Sangita Thapa … 18 years old…. studying together for 5 years…. sociable and helpful … killed in bus accident .. on 15th March 2021. 9. You and your best friend Suraj Shrestha, were working in Chetana Secondary School, Banepa. Unfortunately, he was killed in a bus accident while returning form a picnic. Use the clues in the box to write a letter of sympathy to his parents. Suraj Shrestha …. your best friend… 25 years old…. resident of Panga… worked together in the same school for 5 years …. died on 26th April 2021 … popular English teacher… sincere and dedicated … helpful and good sportsman. 10. One of your friends had a bike accident and is in hospital with his broken leg. Write a letter of sympathy to him, with the help if the following clues. Sagun Thapa …. going to Sauraha… brake failed ….. fell off the bike … had his leg broken… on 15th March, 2021 … undergoing treatment …. wish him a speedy recovery. 11. One week ago, your close friend Deepak's mother died. Write a letter giving him sympathy. Invitation Letter Tips for Writing Invitation Letter i. Write the heading as in a congratulation letter. ii. Remember that the body of the letter has three parts: opening, message and closing. iii. The form of an opening can be like this. It's my pleasure to……… Many thanks for your nice letter. I'm so glad to hear from you after a long time. I'm so pleased to tell you that ... Thank you so much for your invitation. Thanks a lot for your invitation. I'm extremely sorry for not being able to …. I can't tell you how…
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 199 iv. The message is the main part of a letter. So, Write it in one or two paragraphs. Use simple language and short sentences. Don't skip any outlines or clues given. v. The form of closing can be like this. With kind regards, Thanking you, I look forward to hearing from you soon. With love, vi. Close the letter as a congratulation letter. Specimen- 1 A letter to a friend, accepting the invitation Kalaiya -2 Bara, 23rd August 2020 Dear Manila, Thank you for your invitation. I'm very glad to learn about your sister's wedding on 26th of this month. I shall be glad if I can be of some assistance on this happy occasion. Please do write me immediately if any help is needed. I shall be there at Motel Avocado on the day before the reception of the bridegroom takes place. Wishing her a very blissful marriage in advance. Yours, Lalita Specimen -2 A regret letter to a friend, declining the invitation TCN Road Hetauda-10 24th August 2021 Dear Manila, I can't tell you how bad I'm feeling for not being able to attend your sister's wedding on 26th of August due to my family urgency. As you know, my mother has been in bed for a couple of months and there is no one at home to look after her. I am tending the sick mother all the time. Hope you will understand my absence. I'm really sorry, my dear. Please, convey my complements and good wishes to sister, Sarita. Best regards, Binita
200 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 1. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him/her to join a picnic with you. 2. Write a letter to your friend, inviting him/ her to attend your sister's wedding. 3. Write a letter to your friend inviting him / her to attend your birthday celebration. 4. Write a letter to your parents inviting them to attend your school's Annual Function, supposing that you're staying in a school hostel. 5. Imagine that you are Bhawana Gurung from Birgunj. Write a letter of acceptance to your friend stating that you are attending his/ her birthday celebration. 6. Write a letter of regret to your friend telling her that you are not able to attend her wedding ceremony.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 201 2. Email Introduction In recent years email has become very common and a more frequently used form of communication than letters. There are some similarities and differences between emails and letters. In both from of communication, there are senders and receivers of information. Emails are much faster in conveying the messages than letters. The purpose of an electronic mail is quick communication. The message of emails should be clear and brief. The content of the message should be as short as possible. It should be divided into short, clear paragraphs. Tips for writing email 1. Use a short and accurate subject header Use a short accurate subject in your email. Include a keyword that will make the email content easier to remember. For example, * Meeting regarding school parents day (formal) * Coming to Pokhara (informal) 2. Begin with a proper salutation/ greeting Begin your email with a greeting, such as "Dear Ramesh." If your relationship with the reader is formal, use the person's title (Mr., Mrs., Ms., or Dr.) with their family name (e.g. "Dear Mr. Koirala"). If the relationship is more casual, you simply say, "Hi Ramesh." If you don't know the name of the person you are writing to, use :"Dear sir/madam." 3. Thank the recipient If you are replying to someone's inquiry, you should begin with a line of thanks. For example, if someone has a question about your company, you can say, "Thank you for contacting ABC company." If someone has replied to one of you emails, be sure to say, " Thank you for your prompt reply" or "Thanks for getting back to me." 4. State your purpose If you are starting the email communication, it may be impossible to include a line of thanks. Instead, begin by stating your purpose. For Example, "I am writing to enquire about ….." or "I am writing in reference to ……" Make your purpose clear in the email, and then move into the main text of your email. Keep your sentences short and clear. Also pay careful attention to grammar, spelling and punctuation. 5. Add your closing remarks Before you end your email, thank your reader and add some polite closing remarks. You might start with "Thank you for your cooperation" or "Thank you for your ….)
202 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Some Samples 1. Informal e-mail Write an email to your friend Ursula telling her about a festival celebrated in your locality. Ursula’s email address is [email protected]. To : [email protected] Cc : Subject: Festival celebrated in my locality Dear Ursula, How are your days going on? I expect this letter finds you in sound health. I was very happy to receive your letter last Monday. You were quite eager to know about my culture, specially the festival celebrated in my locality. So I’m writing to you about the most popular festival of our community, that is, Chhath. Chhath is an ancient Hindu Vedic festival. The Chhath Puja is dedicated to the Sun and his wife Usha in order to thank them for bestowing the bounties of life on earth and to request the granting of certain wishes. This festival is mainly observed by the Nepalese living in the Tarai region. Chhath Puja is performed on Kartika Shukla Shashthi. It falls typically in the month of October or November in the English Calendar. The rituals of the festival are observed over a period of four days They include holy bathing, fasting and abstaining from drinking water, standing in water for long periods of time, and offering 'prashad' and 'argha' to the setting and rising sun. The devotees maintain fast without even taking a drop of water. It mainly consist of going on river bank and offering argha and 'surya namaskar' to the setting sun followed by the next day's events of offering argha and surya namaskar to the rising sun on the last day of Chhath. The fast then comes to an end after offering argha to the rising sun. Ursula, don’t forget to write me about the festival celebrated in your community, too. I’m eager to know about it. Please convey my greetings to uncle and aunt. Bye. Yours, John
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 203 2. Formal e-mail You are looking for an interesting and challenging work during your vacation. Write an email to work as a volunteer for a project. The email address is [email protected]. To : [email protected] Cc : Subject: Application for a volunteer Attach : CV.doc. Dear Ms Robinson, I am writing in response to the advertisement I saw in The Himalayan Times for your volunteer projects. I am interested in joining one of your projects, and would be grateful if you could provide some further information. Firstly, it says in the advertisement that the projects are two days' long. Would it be possible to extend the project beyond two days? I would also like to know what kinds of projects there are and where they are located. Secondly, your advertisement mentions about morning and afternoon work. Could you specify which time it is exactly? Also I would like to know about lunch. Could you tell me if it is provided or I have to bring my own? Finally, I have a query about fees. Would you mind telling me if there are any other costs except administration fees which is mentioned in the advertisement. I really want to try volunteering and would like to start as soon as possible. I am looking forward to hearing from you. Yours faithfully, Valentyn 1. Write an email to your friends asking him to lend you some money for buying books. 2. Write an email to the principal of your school asking for permission to organise a basketball tournament on behalf of your school’s child club. 3. Write an email to your friend about your plan after SEE. 4. Write an email to your friend inviting him/her to dinner.
204 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 3. Short Essay (Narrative, argumentative, descriptive) Introduction As a word is a collection of letters, a sentence is a collection of words, a paragraph is a collection sentences, an essay is a collection of paragraphs. So in other words, we can say that an essay is a collection of paragraphs from starting to closing. An essay is a piece of writing on a particular subject. It is a fact-based discussion rather than an imaginary creation. But it does not mean that essays are not creative. Essays are creatively explained on real subjects of the world and society. It explores the views, options and perspectives towards the subject. Essays explain, describe, narrate and put forward the valued arguments on a given topic. An essay can be written in any length. It can be concluded in a single paragraph and elaborated to multiple paragraphs, considering the subject and its area. But all the essays have a definite beginning, middle and ending. More importantly, the beginning paragraph should conclude the whole essay. Besides, the beginning sentence of each new paragraph should raise a new concept related to the essay. The subject of the essay must remain at the centre. No matter how many paragraphs you develop in the essay, each paragraph must support and connect with all other paragraphs so that the piece of writing can be a complete whole. No any unnecessary detail should be included and no any necessary detail should be left out. However, as a student of lower secondary level, you can write a particular essay in three to five paragraphs, in about 150 words. In the first paragraph, introduce the topic and shortly convey the theme of the essay. Explain, elaborate, give detail, and analyse the advantages and disadvantages with necessary examples and so on in the middle: you can break paragraphs as per your convenience. Conclude the essay with some resolution and stating your ideas or views. Write your essay as if there's nothing more to be said. There are four categories of English literature: essay, fiction, poetry, and drama. The essay in its purest form uses words to establish ideas addressed directly by the essayist to the reader. The term essay is derived from the French verb 'essayer' which means 'try' or 'attempt'. It was the French writer Montaigne, who first used the word in the 16th century, then the system of writing essays started and spread all over the world. According to the definition given in the Oxford Dictionary, an essay is a literary composition, which is usually a prose in nature, and precise on a particular subject. So far as essay-writing is concerned, it is an intelligent exercise that requires knowledge of the factual data as well as the mental grasp and literary acumen to present it in a clear and lucid style. Scope: The scope of essay writing is as broad as the world. There is no subject outside the scope of essay, from the start of the universe to the dust heap and from the amoeba to the man. Its theme and purpose are endlessly diverse. Further, an
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 205 essay is practically the manifestation in a literary form, of the personality of the writer. This accounts for its subjective character. Importance: In almost all the competitive examinations, essay writing forms their part and parcel. Though there are numerous forms of testing the student regarding his/her understanding of the language, the essay has come to be regarded as the surest test of the writing power or the personality of the students. Kinds of essay According to the subject matter and form, essays can be divided under the following headings. i. Descriptive Essays: Descriptive essays are those that consist of the description of some places or things. The description should be both clear and pleasant and founded upon close observation. ii. Narrative Essays: The narrative essays consist of the narration of some event, action or movement. The event may be imaginary or historical or a personal experience of the student or an account of the life of someone else. The students may be asked to write about the biographical sketch of a national leader, a journey or a voyage or an incident like a street quarrel or a bus accident. iii. Reflective Essays : The prime aim of the reflective easy is to test and evaluate whether the student has developed this reasoning and logical power on abstract issues like patriotism, honesty, essentials of character, discipline, etc. The student is to attempt topics of abstract as well as social, political and domestic affairs. The essay should be a sincere self expression of the student. iv. Expository Essays: Expository essays are of explanatory types: they seek explanations to give details of information. Such types of essays include topics such as science, literature, occupation, astronomy, etc. Parts of an Essay: 1. Introduction The first part of an essay is the introduction. The introduction moves from the general to the specific. It often begins with a hook to capture the reader's attention. The hook is followed by some general statement on a topic. The introduction must also include the main idea known as a thesis statement. 2. Body The body of an essay may consist of several paragraphs and include information that supports the thesis statement. This information may be in the form of Statistics, Anecdotes, Facts, Examples or Reasons (SAFER).
206 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 3. Conclusion The conclusion begins with a restatement of the thesis statement. It often sums up important arguments, gives advice or an opinion, and leaves the reader with something to think about. The conclusion should contain key words and phrases from the introduction and body to unify the essay. Tips for Essay Writing 1. Essay writing is asked as a free writing in the basic level. 2. Clues on the topic of the essay may not be given. If clues are given, follow them because clues work as guidelines for writing. 3. Organise the ideas about what and how to write. Usually an essay includes introduction to the topic of the essay, situation, good sides, bad sides, problems and their solutions or conclusion. 4. Think or jot down the clues/points. Do rough work if necessary. Try to link one point with another. 5. Start with introduction/definition/meaning. Complete it in the first paragraph. 6. Write the main content with historical background, advantage, importance, disadvantage, existing condition, etc. in the second paragraph. 7. Write your opinion/suggestion/recommendation/conclusion in the last paragraph. 8. Give facts and figures if you think they will make your writing more valid. 9. Use simple language/simple sentence as far as possible. 10. Try to be original and creative. 11. Make your writing precise and to the point. 12. Writing newspaper articles is also like essay writing. For this, give the title and mention the author of the article. The rest is the same as in writing essays. Checklist for self-editing your essay writing 1. Introduction Does the essay contain a good introduction? Is the introduction concise and precise? Does the introduction focus reader's attention on the topic? Does the introduction arouse reader's interest and curiosity about the topic? Does the introduction give enough background information? Is the introduction clearly related to the body of the text? Is there a thesis statement in the introduction? If so, is it clear? 2. Body Is the text segmented into appropriate paragraphs? Is the first sentence of each paragraph indented to show the organisation?
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 207 Does each paragraph have only one idea? Is there a topic sentence in each paragraph? If so, is the topic sentence clear? Are all the paragraphs well developed with specific information? Do the paragraphs contain enough supporting details? Are all the supporting details relevant to the topic of each paragraph? Are the ideas grouped together in a suitable way? Do the paragraphs support the thesis statement in the introduction? Do the connections between the ideas need to be made more explicit? Is the order of the ideas and paragraphs logical? 3. Conclusion Does the conclusion clearly summarise all the ideas given in the main body? Does the conclusion restate the thesis statement in the introduction with a fresh emphasis? Does the conclusion link the main idea of the text to the future, or to some broader issues not covered in the essay? Some Sample of Essay Memorable Event in My Life This incident happened in my childhood. Being a child of a farmer, I used to go to the nearby forest to graze the cattle. I was told that there lived a jackal in the forest. I used to be afraid of all kinds of animals. One day when cows and goats were grazing, a jackal came to kill the goats. All the goats were afraid of the jackal. They ran towards me. I was also afraid of the jackal. I tried my best to chase the jackal. Unfortunately the jackal pounced upon me. It bit on my left leg. I was injured. Frantically I hit its head with a stone. It died there. I returned home, sad and nervous, in the evening. Cows and goats were tied in the sheds. Then I went to my father to report about the incident. I told him that I had been hurt by the jackal. I showed him my wound. He told me that I would be taken to hospital to cure my bruises. He went to join his job. Nobody cured me. A few days letter, I suffered from rabies. My mother took me to the nearby clinic. I was checked up there. I was advised to get admitted to hospital. Then I stayed in hospital for a week. I was treated there without any caretaker. I could see other patients. Caretakers were helping them, but I had none. I felt lonely since I could talk to no one. Nobody asked me about my health. Then I decided to get discharged. I requested doctors to discharge me. They understood my voice and discharged me. I went home straight. On the other hand, my father had gone to hospital to look for me. He returned home two days later. As he saw me at home, he hugged me tightly and wept bitterly. I couldn't remain without weeping. Then he called an HA
208 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 named Govinda to cure me. I was treated at my home. I recovered in a month. It is a memorable event in my life. I can never forget it. Technical Education In Nepal Technical education refers to the education related to science and technology. It provides skilled manpower like doctors, engineers, technicians, electricians, plot agriculturists, scientists etc. Without skilled manpower, the modern development of science and technology is impossible. A country may have lots of natural resources. But in the lack of technical education, the resources remain unused. Thus, technical education is the infrastructure for technical development. In a developing country like Nepal, the importance of technical education can hardly be exaggerated. Nepal is very rich in natural resources. It is the second richest country in the world in terms of water resources. But in the absence of sufficient number of technicians related to electricity production and management, Nepalese people are compelled to spend nights in darkness. In the city area and in some villages where electricity is available, people are compelled to bear the problem of load shedding frequently. In the lack of sufficient electricity, the industries and factories can't give sufficient production. As a result, production is badly affected. We can't provide people with our own products and there is no hope of earning foreign currency by exporting our products. Nepal has got more agricultural land but we are still applying traditional farming and sometimes we have to import, food from foreign countries. It is shameful and unfortunate for Nepalese people. We are also rich in forest and mineral resources. On the one hand, we haven't been able to carry on agriculture-based industries and forest-based industries and on the other, we have not been able to exploit the mineral resources in the lack of technical education, technicians and other skilled manpower. If we could utilise the resources found in our country, we would be economically strong. Transportation is another infrastructure for development. Nepal is making progress in road transportation to some extent but we are deprived of rail transportation. Air is not affordable by common people. However, Nepal has come a long way in communication. Thus technical education carries a great importance for the development of a country like Nepal. Deforestation Deforestation is one of the natural problems in our country. If people start cutting down trees from the forest, deforestation takes place. When people cut down trees, the shape and size of the forest decreases gradually. Trees are cut down for various purposes. Some people cut them down for timber. Some people cut down trees for killing wild beasts. The practice has been harmful for human beings and animals. It has degraded the environment.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 209 We find many causes of deforestation. For example, poverty is one of them. Poor people go into forests to steal timber. Their problems can be solved by selling the stolen timber to the people. They are ignorant about the value of the forest. Cattle grazing is another problem. Cattle are taken to the forest for grazing. They destroy plants and grass of the forest. Some people go into jungles to look for medicinal herbs and plants. Then, deforestation takes place. People are unaware of the value of the forest. People don't know trees are sources of oxygen and water. What they know is that they can only benefit by selling the forest. They are selfish and irresponsible. Deforestation leads to many problems in the environment, such as natural disasters in the form of soil erosion. Floods and landslides are caused by deforestation. In the deserted parts of the forest, no animals and birds live. Their natural habitat has been destroyed. They are forced to run away to safer places. Gradually, thus, animals become extinct. Trees, animals and human beings are parts of nature. If one part is affected, others will also be affected automatically. If deforestation is not checked in time, there will be nothing left in the future. The only way to solve this problem is afforestation. So, let's start a campaign to plant trees in the bared lands right now and commit not to cut down the trees recklessly. Patriotism Patriotism is the people's love of their country. It is a noble virtue in which the people do all they can for the good of the country. "Your mother and motherland are greater than heaven," says a Sanskriti proverb. A patriot is liked by everybody. He works for the good of his country. He is unselfish. He is ready to bear any hardship for the sake of his country. He is even ready to die for his country. Shukra Raj Shastri, Dasharath Chand, Dharma Bhakta Mathema and Ganga Lal Shrestha, among others, sacrificed their lives for freedom of Nepal from an autocratic rule. These people are praised and honoured for their deed. Though they are dead and gone, their names to this day fill us with thrill and inspire us with noblest feelings of love for our country. A man who does not love his country is hated by all. Nobody loves or respects him. He is very unhappy. After his death, he is forgotten by all. Patriotism becomes a danger when we are blind to our national defects."My country, right or wrong," is a foolish and dangerous sentiment. World War II began with Hitler's boastful and aggressive patriotism. All wars are born of similar sentiments. All of us must have patriotic feelings. Patriotism doesn't lie in thinking that one's own country is the best. We must love our country but must not hate other countries. If the people of different countries start to hate each other, there may be quarrels and wars which will result in huge loss and suffering. We should, therefore, love our country as well as those of others.
210 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Dowry System A dowry is property or money brought by a bride to her husband. The dowry system is one of the greatest evils of our society. The sacred institution of marriage is reduced to a business transaction. Though giving or taking a dowry is regarded as a social crime, it is still prevalent in our country, most commonly in the Tarai belt. The parents of the girls have to provide cash or property in kind to the bridegroom at the time of marriage or at a later date. The custom of giving dowry started from times immemorial with a good intention that it would be a sort of help to the young couple to set up a new home. But this custom became an evil as the greed of the bridegroom's parents mounted. Giving dowry may not be a problem for the rich. For their false sense of social prestige, they may offer maximum in dowry. When the poor try to imitate them, they ruin themselves. The practice of giving dowry has brought a number of problems in our society. Many girls are put to a lot of trouble, and some of them even commit suicide. We must stand against this system. This inhuman practice must be put to an end. This social evil needs a treatment at the social level. Both taking and giving dowry should be strictly forbidden. People who demand dowry should be sternly punished. Boys and girls should come forward and resolve not to give consent to such marriages which involve dowry. In conclusion, the dowry system has been an evil scar on a civilised society in the present world. It has created a number of problems, and it certainly needs to be abolished for the well being of all brides and grooms. My Aim in Life Everyone in the world has a definite aim, and it is a good thing to have a purpose in life because a person without it is likely to end in failure. As I look forward to shaping my future, I firmly believe in becoming a good teacher for a number of reasons. To began with, a teacher can significantly contribute to hi/her society in different ways. Firstly, s\he produces some responsible and accountable citizens who in turn can help in introducing necessary changes in their community. As a result, we will have an ideal society that can make a meaningful contribution to nation building, Secondly, I will be able to plan and execute the concept of preserving indigenous knowledge and resources that always inspire people to know their self because we can conquer the world when we first of all know ourselves and our rich cultural heritage. Finally, as a teacher, I will be updating my knowledge throughout my life, and it will always keep me active academically, professionally and physically. Moreover, my choice may not be liked by many because they think that one cannot
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 211 make a lot of money in this profession. Frankly speaking dreams of becoming rich do not allure me very much. If some reasonable means of subsistence are supplied to meet the basic necessities for a respectable living, I should feel particularly happy in my work as a teacher. Similarly, I sometimes plunge into the pleasing fancy that some of my students entering different walks of life after studies will enrich the society by their character and ability. To train youths so as to make them grow up into helpful members of the community is the objective of my life. To summarise, for me, the pursuit of this aim is a very pleasing engagement. It is a pleasure by itself and a reward. Newspaper Even though there are several means through which one can get to know about what is happening around, the newspapers hold their own importance. They are still one of the major channels for people to obtain the news. Newspapers are becoming popular day by day. It has become a fashion to read them. However, to a large extent, I also see there are some strong arguments for and against it. Firstly, a newspaper is the most powerful organ of democracy. It is a link between the people and the government. The government and the public both can explain their relevant views through a newspaper. It is an agency through which people can express their opinions. Secondly, a newspaper has materials for every kind of people. For businessmen it gives the news of the market helping them develop their business. It is also the best platform for advertisement. All sorts of advertisements can be found in the newspaper. It helps the unemployed people find jobs and the unmarried boys and girls seek their matches. It publishes TV and radio programmes and literary articles. Even notices and tenders are invited by using the means of newspaper. Finally, the educative value of newspaper is very great. Articles on subjects, ranging from scientific, literary, political and economic areas, appear in the pages of the newspaper. These articles increase our knowledge and develop our outlook. In contrast, many people believe that there are some disadvantages of the newspapers. Most importantly, some of the newspapers are entirely controlled by different political parties for the purpose of disseminating a range of propaganda, and this is true in case of Nepal. Moreover, such papers create misunderstanding, mistrust and hatred among the people. In a nutshell, the newspapers are powerful means of spreading good news relating to different fields in the entire globe. Despite this fact, they also circulate bad news which may mislead people in general. If this is not done, newspapers may prove themselves to be of great importance in the development of human culture. Children Rights Generally children are people below 16 years. They are innocent by nature. Love, care and affection are their basic needs. Education is their basic right. It makes them civilised persons. Their future depends on education. So, their primary right is education.
212 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Children have many rights. They are: right to shelter, right to food, right to health care, right to expression, right to game etc. But, in our country, child rights are violated. Many children are working in hotels, garment factories, and stone quarries. In towns many children are servants. They don't get enough to eat. They aren't well paid. Similarly, there are many orphans and homeless children. They live in the streets. They find food in wastes thrown on the street. Political leaders are also to blame for the children's plight. They use the children in civil protests and wars. As a result, many children have been the victims of conflicts. Hence, child labour is a serious problem in Nepal. Child labour should be banned. Presently many NGOs are supporting the children. Some of them are SOS, UNDP, and UNICEF. They are providing shelter, food, health care, clothes and education to children. But this may not be enough. The government and all the Nepali people should be serious about addressing this problem in Nepal. The children should be provided with basic needs. Education should be made compulsory for them. Sons and daughters should be equally treated. For this, public awareness is a must. So, many programmes should be run to promote child rights. The civil society shouldn't be silent about the violation of child rights. Advantages and Disadvantages of Internet Introduction -- Advantages of Internet …Disadvantages of Internet…Concluding lines. Introduction: Internet has been perhaps the most outstanding innovation in the field of communication. Internet is defined as a collection of various services and resources. Although, many people still think e-mail and World Wide Web to be the principal constituents of internet, there is a lot more in store online than e-mail, chat rooms, celebrity web sites and search engines. Today internet has brought a globe into a single room. Right from getting the news from across the corners of the world to accessing knowledge resources to shopping, everything is at our fingertips. As with every single innovation, internet has its own advantages and disadvantages. Nevertheless the advantages of the internet are so huge that they outweigh the disadvantages quite easily. Let us look at the advantages and disadvantages of the internet. Advantages of Internet The biggest benefit offered by the internet is information. It functions as a valuable resource hub for information. We can find almost every type of information in every subject with the help of the search engines. So for students, the internet is a blessing. The primary goals of the internet are communication. It has done extremely well in this field. By sending an e-mail we can contact a person who is physically present
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 213 thousand miles away within a fraction of a second. E-commerce is the deal that is implemented for any form of commercial or business transaction. E-commerce has become a fantastic option through which you can shop anything. A variety of services are offered via internet, for example, job searching, online banking, buying movie tickets, hotel reservations and consultation service and so on. Internet functions as a popular medium for news and other information. Disadvantages of Internet There are a lot of people who see the internet as a promoter of immorality. The first and foremost disadvantage of internet for students is the wastage of time in social networking websites like Facebook, Twitter etc. Students are found spending ample time with these social sites rather than with their books. This spoils their time and learning habit and, in some cases, leads them to indulge in immoral activities. Besides this the general disadvantages are spamming, theft of personal details, fraud, virus and so on. Spamming denotes distribution of unsolicited e-mails in large numbers. They are meaningless and they unnecessarily block the whole system. These activities are treated as illegal. While using the internet, there is high probability that your personal details like name, address and credit card number may be accessed by con artists and used for fraudulent purposes. Virus is the biggest problem. It is a problem that interrupts the usual operation of your personal computer system. PCs linked to the internet have high probability of virus attacks and as a result of this your disk can crash, giving you lots of trouble. Concluding Lines We can conclude, like everything else, internet has its advantages and disadvantages. But on a larger scale, internet is a boon that is facilitating the world of information to be accessible cheaply and easily and it will definitely be a blessing if it is rightly controlled. Drug Addiction Drug addiction refers to the habit of taking substances that affect the nervous system. Some of the drugs are cocaine, heroin, opium, brown sugar, hashish etc. The people who are drug addicts have different drugs regularly. Nowadays, especially the young boys of towns are victimised. They are badly intoxicated in drugs. Nowadays drug addiction has proven to be a major and serious social problem. This problem is rapidly increasing, especially in urban regions. The teenagers have been victimised by this problem. Some boys of high school and higher secondary school are found to have been drug addicts. The percentage of the school girls who have been indulging in drugs is very low. That's why this is a major social problem among the boys who are teenagers.
214 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Some circumstances and causes are responsible for teenage drug addiction. The children seem to be imitating the adults behaviour. When the adults smoke, the children are lured and they start taking drugs, imitating the habit of their friends. Some people start taking drugs because of their pessimism. They are hopeless about their future. The people who are fed up with life do not want to live for a long time. They want to enjoy the life taking drugs for a few days. Smugglers of drugs lure the youths into abusing drugs at a low cost at the beginning. Their prime motive is to make the youths habitual or intoxicated in taking drugs. When the youths become drug addicts, they go to the smugglers to buy the drug. Similarly, some Sadhus are also found to take drugs. Some youths go to these Sadhus and learn to take drugs from them. There are many adverse effects of drugs on the individuals and the society. The drug addicts are most affected. The regular use of drugs makes the addicts mentally dull. They gradually become weaker and weaker. It also produces complete instability, irritation, fatigue and infertility in the abusers. Some of them can be victims of fatal diseases like AIDS and Hepatitis B. Drugs are very expensive. The drug addicts are led to crimes. They are even ready to kill others for money to buy drugs. Superstition Superstition is an irrational and unreasonable belief in ghosts, devils and unnatural elements. It is a kind of belief in which certain things or concepts are considered the symbol or sign of good or bad luck. Every society in the world, whether educated or not, has one or another kind of superstition. Such beliefs are harmful to the smooth progress of any society. So we, the educated people, have to play a significant role to minimise the cause of superstition in our society. Let us discuss some examples of superstition in our part of the world. Three persons walking out of a house to accomplish a special mission are presumed to be unsuccessful in their mission. But if you, by any chance, happen to see a pot full of water when you start a journey, your mission will be successful. When a crow crows near your house, it is generally considered that you are likely to receive some disappointing news very soon. While combing your hair, if your comb drops from your hand, it is expected that some guests are coming. There are some more interesting examples of superstitions. A driver stops and waits for another vehicle to go past a line on the road if a cat or a squirrel appears crossing the road along the line. He does not dare resume his journey, no matter how educated he may be, by the fear that he will meet with an accident. So people generally avoid being the first to go past the cat crossing on the road. It is interesting to note that when you ask some educated people whether they believe on such things they may verbally say 'no' but in practice they are not found free from superstition. Therefore it is necessary to wipe out the deep-rooted superstitious beliefs from our society.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 215 Environment Pollution Nowadays one of the greatest problems facing the modern civilisation is environmental pollution. The chief cause of environmental pollution is the population pressure on environment. Environmental pollution means fouling of the purity of things around us. Air pollution, water pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution are some types of pollution. The pollution of air, water, and soil is not only threatening the quality of life but the very survival of human beings. Environmental pollution is one of the major and serious problems faced by the developing countries. The ecological balance of the earth is being threatened by it. Air and water are polluted by various toxins. The noise pollution has destroyed the peacefulness of our surroundings. The main sources of pollution are the increasing vehicular traffic and garbage. The petrol and diesel being used in the vehicles give out poisonous smoke. It contains dangerous gases. We can catch deadly diseases due to the monoxide and nitrogen oxide in the air. Inhaling these gases may cause bronchitis, asthma, and other breathing problems. The accumulation of garbage gives out foul smell. Various industries pollute both the air and water by sending out poisonous smoke and wastes. The increasing felling of trees, building dams and increasing number of congested localities have destroyed the clean environment. Human life is, thus, in real danger. There is a need of planting more trees at every possible area of land. There is also a need of shifting industries to places far from the human population. Tourism in Nepal Nepal abounds in unique natural attractions, such as winding rivers, enchanting mountain ranges, forests, valleys and plains. Despite being relatively small in size, Nepal is rich in ethnic culture and is unique in diverse weather conditions. Due to these natural phenomena, people from different parts of the world come here every year as tourists. Tourism can be the major business to earn foreign currency, which can be spent on development work. Natural phenomena alone will not suffice to run tourism. We have to have some basic requirements such as: good roads, hotel security, easy access to communication, publicity, honest service, etc. We need to prepare required human resources for tourism industry. For this purpose, tourism should be included as a subject of study in school and university curricula. Mountain trekking, pony trekking, rafting, bungee jumping, rock climbing and jungle safari are some of the major activities for tourists. Tourism is one of Nepal's sustainable sources of income. This industry has supported our national economy for quite a long time. It is not only the source of income but also a means of solving the unemployment problem. What all we need to do is to make a long term vision, and launch programmes accordingly.
216 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 The Value of Travelling Travelling in the past was difficult and dangerous but it is no longer so in modern times. Today, several means of transportation have made travelling easier. People travel from one place to another for various purposes. Some travel to gain knowledge. Some travel for the sake of business and others want to see new places and things. To start with, travelling has many benefits. First of all our education remains incomplete without travelling as travelling broadens our mind and thinking horizon. Similarly, travelling leaves people better informed. For example, we learn more by travelling than from books. If we see a thing with our own eyes, it becomes easier to understand and remember. We forget things that we have heard about very soon, but if we get to see them, they will remain imprinted in our mind. In addition, during travelling, we come across all sorts of people. We can talk to them; know about their culture, customs and traditions. Likewise, we can make friends, too. In the same way, another advantage of travelling is that it satisfies one's love for adventure, breaking the boredom and dullness of life. For instance, we have so many visitors coming to Nepal every year. Their love for adventure brings them here. Nepal, being a mountainous country, offers many adventurous tours to these people. In conclusion, it can be said that travelling brings a number of advantages for both individuals and a country as a whole. Nepal is a poor country. It is not possible for an average Nepali to travel to foreign countries just for the sake of travelling. But what we can do is visit different places of Nepal itself, and come to know about the people and see the places of historic and religious interest. Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Great advancement in the field of science and technology has resulted in the invention of numerous devices, which have made our life easier and more comfortable. Among these devices, which are widely used in the present times, is the computer. Indeed the computer has become a basic need of modern people. It is a symbol of modernity. Despite this fact, the computer, as any other device, has pros and cons. Having a computer certainly has advantages. Computers are useful in business, education and home. The use of computer has reduced the time spent on many tasks. Several types of work can be done today while sitting in a place and pressing a few keys on the computer. It has enabled people to know the happenings of the world shortly after they happen. Computers have made it easier for people to communicate, in addition to saving time and money. Formerly, operating business used to be totally based on manual work. Because of payments to be made for worker, goods used to be costly. The use of computer has reduced the cost of goods. Moreover, miscalculation is very rare on a computer unlike a human brain. The use of computer in education sector has brought changes in the age-old teaching materials.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 217 As in business and education, computers are useful at home. Leisure time of family members is less of a burden because of the computer. They can sit at a place and spend time watching movies they like on computer. Computers have put a stop to the practice of writing letter by hand, posting it and waiting for the reply. Needless to say computers have numerous advantages. Nonetheless they have disadvantages, too. Use of computer results in unemployment as computers can perform the duty of many workers. Unemployment is likely to result in crimes. Continuous work with computer causes loss of eyesight in the long run. Internet, which is widely used to see pornographic scenes, corrupts the mind of teenagers. Due to the internet, sexual violence is said to increase rapidly. Computers have a direct impact on the culture of any nation. The eventual impact of computers in society is uncertain, but they are likely to cause a total disorder. Computers have disadvantages, but the advantages are greater. Faults are not inherent in the computer: they are man-made. As defects are man-made, they can be reduced and computers can be used for the benefit of human beings. Soaring Prices There is a problem of rising prices all over the world. But this problem is more serious in Nepal than anywhere else. It is a great curse to the poor. The following facts have caused price-rise in Nepal. Nepal is a developing country. Domestic production is not enough to meet the needs of her people. So there is a shortage of everything. It causes rise in prices. The people of Nepal have a very low per-capita income, too. Over population is also a cause of soaring prices. Nepal is undergoing a great problem of over population. But production does not increase in the same proportion. So people's needs cannot be met. The prices go high. As such there is a great need to check population growth. Backward farming practice is also a cause of rising prices. The yield is low. The supply is less than the demand. So theories have it that prices go up in such situations. Scientific methods and co-operative farming can help a lot to improve agriculture. If production is increased, prices will go down -- there is no doubt about this. People waste much time and money on social and religious functions. There is too much of waste at the time of marriage, birth and death. People should be taught to get rid of orthodoxy. In Nepal, the traders store the commodities and sell them in black market at higher rates. Besides this, a lot of black money is in circulation. Hoarding and black-marketing have made the situation worse. The frequent strike in factories and bandhas also affect the production and supply, which result in price rise.
218 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Our government should try to increase production and convince people of the advantages of family planning. Production should be increased applying scientific methods. The government should impart technical and scientific training to the industrial workers to enable them to increase production so as to bring about a fall in the prices of essential commodities. Traders who create artificial scarcity by storing the goods unnecessarily should be penalised without being influenced by them. Money: Its Uses and Abuses The word 'money' has been defined in many ways. Economists like Marshall, Robbins, J.S. Mill and others defined it in their own words as they perceived it, but money is what money does. In the whole world, nobody is totally self-dependent. The people get most of what they need from others. It is the same with all human beings. Some people adopt the barter system. But this system is limited. So for more progress in life man has invented and adopted money to serve his purpose. Money is the most useful article for human beings today. Our needs are great in number. The things we need are obtained from different places everyday. We need the services of the barber, the tailor, the cobbler, the doctor, the lawyer and the owner of a rickshaw or a bus. For this, we need money. We need it everyday and every moment. Without money life is impossible today. We cannot do any work without money. Money buys the necessities of life and the things of luxury and comfort. It can even buy honour. The government needs money for its functioning. Some men have an evil mind. All men are not good and contented. A bad man puts money to many evil uses. Money is at the root of all sins. Women sell their bodies for money. Men work and do most sinful things for money. A saboteur sells the secrets of national security to the enemy country. But every misuse of money is not sinful or criminal. It is misused in many ways for which you cannot punish a man. The use of money for the luxury of some when most men are starving is the worst misuse. Those who have money force or persuade others to do wrong. The people who have money exploit the poor. Wasting money for show is a misuse. We see the worst misuse of money in ceremonial functions and wedding parties. The misuse of money is contagious. When one man wastes money on pomp and show, others follow suit. If the rich stop the misuse of money, if helping the poor begins to please them more than buying their false sense prestige, the earth will be heaven for all. Importance of Cinema in Our Life Science has conferred many boons upon man from time to time. In the present time, cinema has proved to be one of the most important boons of science to mankind. It has become an integral part of modern civilisation. Everyone, whether old or young,
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 219 man or woman, likes a motion picture. The booking windows of cinema halls see a bigger rush of people than a stationery shop. Cinema has thus become very popular. Cinema is a combination of many arts. The script writer jots the story and the dialogue down. The singer gives his/ her melody to the songs. The musician creates the music and actors and actresses play their roles according to the composition of the story. The directors direct the actors to act out the plots. The photographer takes the poses in film. And then a complete film comes before the audience. There are many sweet and tasty fruits of cinema. In fact, cinema is one of the oldest but complete means of entertainment. People often go to the cinema to entertain themselves for a few hours. For some young people cinema is the greatest diversion in life. Cinema is also a means of education. It is called a practical teacher. Everything can be taught in a normal way. Learning by seeing is easier than learning by reading. In order to improve our knowledge, cinema helps us a lot. Even moral lessons can be given through the cinema. Clouds Clouds are generally very beautiful. Just that we do not look at them enough. If we had to pay to see them, or if they could be seen only once a year, people might look at them and ponder over their wonderful journey in the sky. But when we always see something, we stop seeing it. We say it is common, and no longer take notice. But if we watch the sky, we will see that all clouds are not the same- there are different kinds of clouds - we would get to see how beautiful they sometimes are. A still white cloud in a dark sky at night with the moonlight on it, white feathery fine clouds high up in a deep blue sky at noon lit up by the sunlight, the bright red clouds at yellow and grey, that make the sky ablaze of colour, at sunset, the dark black rain clouds that sweep up from the south on the monsoon wind- how beautiful and grand all these are. The great use of clouds to us is that they give us rain. Without rain our world would be a dry and barren desert. There would be no rivers and streams, all plants would die for want of food. What are clouds and how do they give us rain? We have noticed that when we go out on a very cold day, the breath coming out of our mouth looks like mist. The reason for this is that our breath is warm and at the same time it is full of moisture from our body. Warm air can hold a lot of water in the shape of vapour though we cannot see it, but the cold air cannot hold it much. So when our warm breath comes out into the cold air, it cannot hold the vapour any more. Some of it condenses, that is, turns back into tiny drops of water, which we can see as the mist. Now the sunshine warms the air and the warm air over the sea sucks up water from the sea in the shape of unseen vapour. This warm air full of water vapour is always rising and when it gets into contact with colder air high up in the sky the
220 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 vapour condenses into tiny drops, and these make the clouds and the tiny drops run together and form big drops. These drops fall, due to their weight, to the earth as rain. Importance of Discipline in Student Life Clues: Meaning of discipline- role of discipline in different walks of life¬ students and discipline- situation of discipline in our schools-conclusion/ suggestion. Importance of Discipline in Student Life Student life is a golden time. At this time, there is a great importance of discipline. Discipline means the training of mind and character. It makes us self-controlled, obedient, sincere and honest. In different walks of life, the role of discipline is very important. Students, teachers, business people, housewives, all need discipline to achieve success in their fields. It is the root of success. It teaches us to make our lives happy and prosperous. Moreover, discipline is more important to students. It leads us towards the right path. Indisciplined students cannot learn much. The two words "student" and "discipline" should be synonymous in a sense. But the situation of discipline in our schools is not good. Students who are well disciplined have passed their exams with good marks but those who are undisciplined have tended to fail the exams. Without discipline, students will not know what is in store for them in their future. An Important Religious or Historical Place in Nepal Clues: Location- surroundings - date of origin- development- community or people- religious rites- historical importance Lumbini There are many important religious or historical places in Nepal. I think one such important historical or religious place is Lumbini. This place has religious and historical importance because Gautam Buddha was born here. This place is located in the western Tarai of Nepal. It lies in Kapilbastu district. Lord Buddha was born more than 2,500 years ago in this place. He had gained knowledge and truth here. Since then it has been a revered place for millions of people in the world. Buddhism has been one of the main religions of the world. Millions of people have faith in Lord Buddha. This faith has spread all over the world. Lumbini is important not only from a religious point of view but also from a historical point of view. Thousands of people come to visit Lumbini every year. It has helped Nepal earn foreign currency also. The most important aspect of this place is culture. Lumbini has been a part of culture of our country.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 221 Natural Disaster Clues: Meaning of natural disaster- causes and effects- efforts to control them Natural Disaster Disaster means an unfortunate and unexpected event. Natural disaster is a sudden destruction that happens as landslide, flood, earthquake, etc. Flood and landslide are the results of continuous rain. Earthquake and volcano are unexpected. People do not have the ability to avert natural disasters. We sometimes hear the sad news about the death of hundreds and thousands of people in some parts of the world. In such disasters, either the whole family is affected or at least there is a tragic separation. There are different causes of natural disaster. Many causes are natural. Earthquake and volcano take place due to internal natural laws. Man cannot have full knowledge about them before they erupt, neither can they prevent them. So, little can be done about the earthquake and volcano. But flood and landslide take lives because of human mismanagement. When the natural balance is disturbed, there is much rain in a region whereas in the other places there is no rain at all. Besides these, there are epidemics and other diseases caused by man himself. All these disasters, however, can be less devastating if we can manage our affairs well. We can certainly minimise the effects of natural disasters even though we cannot prevent them. In Nepal, there have been a lot of flood victims in recent times. Hundreds of people have been buried in the landslides. Many of them have been swept away by the flood water. Some of the survivors have died as they did not get any help from the government or the community. Efforts have been made to help the flood victims by the government and the others. But they are not enough, something more has to be done about it. A Visit to Book Exhibition Clues: Significance of books -book exhibition as important activity -visit to it. A Visit to Book Exhibition Books are the means of conveying views, ideas and knowledge. They are also the records of what people think. Nowadays there are other means of conveying knowledge and information. Still, I think books are the best. So I often visit book exhibitions. Last week, I went to Bhrikutimandap to take a look at a book exhibition. There were hundreds and thousands of books on various subjects. Many people came to see and buy books there. I observed different people selecting and buying books. It was a happy experience to survey a the series of book cases
222 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 and the latest titles. I enjoyed looking at the pictures in the children's books. In that book exhibition there were video and film shows, which were also important. Habit of reading books helps to develop the society. Reading broadens our mind. Thus, last week's book exhibition was a very significant event for the educated people. Corruption Clues: Meaning of corruption- causes and effects- types of corruption, solution. Corruption Corruption is something that takes place in a society when men misuse their power and position for personal gain. If a policeman, for example, intimidates a citizen to confess the uncommitted crime, that policeman is said to be corrupt. When a government official misuses the power of his position to take bribe from people, he or she is corrupt. Many other examples of corruption can be given from various aspects of life- economic corruption, moral corruption religious corruption, etc. Among the various types of corruption, economic corruption is said to be the worst because it damages the economy of the individual victim as well as eating into the fabric of society or nation. Moral corruption damages personality, and religious corruption torments the soul. Corruption takes place in the third world nations mainly where people have economic problems. They have no sense of culture and morality. Nepal is one of those countries where many cases of corruption are heard. Even the ministers and officials are put into jail for being involved in corruption scandals. If corrupt officials are not punished, corruption continues and spoils the whole society and the nation. In order to control corruption, the police, judges, and other corruption controlling bodies have to be strictly moral and accountable to the people and the nation. The Importance of Women Education Education is the divine light which lights the mind and soul of a person to lead a happy life. It also means training and instruction to give knowledge and develop skills. It is necessary for every human being. Napoleon Bonaparte said, "Give me a good mother, I will give you a good nation." This shows the importance of women or female education. People having a traditional thought look down upon women. They are only considered to be a child-bearing machine as well as cook. In some places they are not allowed to come out of their houses without covering their faces with veils. Parents pay their special attention to sons but not to daughters. They are only trained for cooking and doing house-hold work. Due to the lack of education they cannot fulfil their aims and aspirations. Although they have the capacity to go ahead, they are not able to do so because of the lack of education.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 223 Male and female are the two wheels of a cart or two sides of a coin. A coin can't be imagined leaving the other part. A cart cannot run on only one wheel. Similarly, human life cannot run without the help of women. Horne is the first school and mother is called the first teacher of a child. If a mother is educated a child can get good education at home, get knowledge, widen mind, develop character and mental power. A child learns the language of its mother first. Later it learns the language spoken by father and other family members. So, its initial language is known as Mother Tongue. This shows that the female education is more important than male education. Women should not be neglected at all. They can also earn name and fame in this world at par with their male counterparts. For example we can name some well-known women: Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thatcher, Benazir Bhutto, Seikh Hasina Wazid, Florence Nightingale, Mother Teresa, Madam Currie, An-Sang Suu Kyi and Pasang Lhamu Sherpa. In Nepal after the restoration of democracy, women have appreciated the value of education and wanted to be educated. Our government also is encouraging them to go to school and college for education. In conclusion, we can say that if we educate a female child, the child will grow to be a well-known personality at par with or even better than men. That is the kind of outcome of female education. Nepal and Her Beauty Nepal, one of the most beautiful countries, lies in the heart of Asia. The beauty of Nepal is beyond description. No matter how much we describe her, it does not suffice. The Almighty has thoughtfully and deliberately created her. She appears smiling. She lies on the tender lap of the Himalayas which spontaneously gives us powerful feelings. She possesses many particularities. She has many mountains where various types of trees and bushes, which are the living places of many birds and animals, grow. Towards the north there are very high Himalayas capped with snow. The scene of melting snow and piled snow attracts us dramatically. Many tourists come to climb the high mountains, such as Mt. Everest, Mt. Makalu etc. They consider this piece of heaven a dreamland. They come to dive into the rivers of imagination to make their exotic creation. The Tarai belt adds more beauty to her. The greenery of crops in our eyesight is fantastic. Our eyes never get tired of seeing them. There are many dense forests in the Tarai belt like Churia range. The Chitwan National Park, Bardia National Park and Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve are other centres of attraction. We find various kinds of wildlife. The landscapes, lakes, rivers, glaciers and resorts are really wonderful in Nepal. Nepal is very rich in national and cultural heritage. There are many temples,
224 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 stupas, monasteries, kutis, water spouts (kundas), statues and idols of Gods and Goddesses here. They are full of art and architecture. Although the Hindu religion is the major religion, other religions such as Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, Jainism, Shikhism are also in practice. Great souls such as Janak, Buddha, Sita, Bhrikuti, Shiva, Parvati, Bal Guru Khadanand, Prithivi Narayan Shah, Laxmi Prasad Devkota, Pushpa Lal, and Ganeshman, among others, who contributed to make Nepal known, lived here in different periods. Our late King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Dev declared Nepal a zone of peace. This has also added beauty to her. Gorkhalis are very famous all over the world. This is also an identification. Nepal is a beautiful garden of four castes and thirty-six subcastes. Nationality is our motto. There is unity in diversity of Nepal. My Favourite Season: The Spring There are mainly four seasons. They are Summer, Rainy, Winter and Spring. Each spans for nearly three months. All seasons have their merits and demerits. Some create problems to us but some are joyous. Everyone likes one season or the other but I like the spring season the most. Spring has been called the king of all seasons. Many poets have described the beauty of this season in songs. The morning is pleasant. The noon is soothing, the evening is cool and calm, the night is comfortable. Birds chirp, the sky is clear and the wind is refreshing. Every creation of nature looks very beautiful. Flowers bloom. New leaves sprout on trees. The spring season is important for farmers. Crops ripen in the fields. Farmers gather wheat and barley at home. Everyone has a sense of pleasure. Spring is a season of Hindu festival Holi. It is a festival of eating and drinking. People enjoy it the most. Holi adds to the glory of the spring season. In this pleasant season, fields are covered with green plants. Flowers bloom and give off pleasant fragrance. It is neither hot nor cold. The cuckoo speaks in its melodious sound. There is no cold wind. Days and nights are neither too long nor too short. I hate the cold wind of winter as well as the hot sun of summer. I dislike mud and dirt caused by the rains. So spring is my favourite season. This season is so pleasant that most people like it. We feel quite fresh and cheerful. We move in orchards to gather unripe mangoes. We can watch different types of birds in our localities. People sing 'Phagu' and 'Chitawar' songs. So, spring is the most popular season in Nepal which I like the most. Co-education Education is the light of life. Education is necessary for both men and women. When men and women are educated together, it is co-education. This is the system of education in which girls and boys get an opportunity to share their feelings together. Co-education trains both men and women to live peacefully and happily. Education develops all hidden power of boys and girls. It makes them
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 225 understand each other. Their married life will fail without this clear understanding. Co-education prepares them to live in the practical world. In a co-education system, they sit together, share their feelings of happiness and sorrow as well. Later their conjugal lives become successful. The government cannot afford to have separate schools and colleges for men and women in proportion to their number. We have very few schools and colleges for girls. So, co-education solves this problem. Both girls and boys are given equal opportunity to face the competition. When they are in co-education, girls don't have problems to face with boys. They have no problem to do their duties together. Some people dislike co-education. They think it to be harmful for our society. Our main religious beliefs are against co-education. A young boy is considered to be the burning fire and a young girl to be like the fuel. According to them, co-education means to add fuel to the fire to burn the society into ashes. There is another objection to it. Girls are shy by nature. So, they cannot study with boys with full freedom. Some are in favour of giving a different kind of education to girls. Co-education will not serve the purpose, so it is not useful and helpful to the women of our country. To conclude, we can say that co-education has both merits and demerits. But merits outweigh demerits. We have seen girls who grow up in a co-educational environment being more successful in navigating the society. Gradually, their shy nature goes away. They face the interviews expertly because they have already developed the qualities of facing the questions raised by boy-students. Thus coeducation is a successful system of education which can bring women ahead of men. Importance of Computer Today The age in which we live is known as the age of science and technology. The contribution of sciences in our life is great and remarkable in so many ways. Computer is one of the most useful inventions of this age. Computer has affected almost every aspect of our life. Today we hear off and on about computer and its application in various fields. Science has made impossible things possible. We cannot think of anything without science. Indeed, we cannot deny this fact. A computer is a machine. In it, various data and information, technically called programmes, are put in to get quick and exact results out in a short time. Computers are of many kinds. Mathematical computers can add, subtract, multiply, and divide any number in the wink of an eye. The medical computer can tell the symptoms of the disease, diagnose it and suggest treatment. If the computer is fed with some words and ideas into it, it can create a prose or poem of your liking as well. In the history of Science and Technology of the present world, Charles Babbage added a new invention called computer for the first time. With it a new chapter of computer revolution opened in the history. Now Nepal also has some computer sellers and manufacturers like Chaudhary Group of Industries, LG Computer,
226 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Hansarj Hulashchandra Golchha and so on. In today's world a great number of computers are being used, only as office machines. They are used for typing and calculations only. And yet computer has proved to be very indispensable for the people of the 21st century. The modern world is very busy. Everywhere there is a challenge and competition among the human race to survive. People have to live a very busy life. There is no sense of leisure in the rapid promotion and progression in every field. The government should open colleges of Information and Faculty of Computer Science for a wider availability of computer education in the country. 1. Write essay on the following topics: a. Equality of education b. The importance of television c. Health is wealth d. Pokhara as a tourist centre e. Men and women are equal f. Value of physical exercise g. Cultural heritage of Nepal h. Your first day at school i. A visit to museum j. Your visit to a zoo k. One of your best friends 1. Garden m. A famous temple you know n. Transportation o. Games and sports p. Pollution q. Seasons r. Student's life s. Your school library t. Importance of prizes for children in school u. A traditional belief in your community v. An interesting place you've recently visited w. An important event in your life 2. Write an essay on the topic Rivers in Nepal using the clues given in about 200 words. Introduction - advantages- how rivers are polluted-how to best utilise the rivers and protect them-conclusion 3. Write an essay on the following topic in about 200 words. Use the given clues: Television: use, abuse and your opinion
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 227 4. Diary A Visit to Book Exhibition Clues: Significance of books -book exhibition as important activity -visit to it A Visit to Book Exhibition Books are the means of conveying views, ideas and knowledge. They are also the records of what people think. Nowadays there are other means of conveying knowledge and information. I think books are the best. So I often visit book exhibitions. Last week I went to Bhrikutimandap to see the book exhibition. There were hundreds and thousands of books on various subjects. Many people came to see and buy the books. I went there several times to see different people select and buy books. It was a happy experience to survey through the series of book cases and the latest titles. I enjoyed looking at the pictures in children books. In that book exhibition there were video and film shows which were also important. Habit of reading books helps to develop the society. Reading broadens our mind. Thus, last week's book exhibition was a very significant event for the educated people. Corruption Clues: Meaning of corruption- causes and effects- types of corruption solution. Corruption Corruption is something that takes place in a society when men misuse their power and position for personal gain. If a policeman, for example, intimidates a citizen to confess the uncommitted crime, that policeman is said to be corrupt. When a government official misuses the power of his position to take bribe from people, he or she is corrupt. Many other examples of corruption can be given from various aspects of life- economic corruption, moral corruption religious corruption, etc. Of various types of corruption, economic corruption is said to be the worst because it damages the economy of the individual victim and the society or the nation. Moral corruption damages the personality, and the religious corruption torments the soul. Corruption takes place especially in the third world nations where people have economic problems. They have no sense of culture and morality. Nepal is one of those countries where many cases of corruption scandals are heard. Even the ministers and officials are put into jail for corruption cases. If corrupt officials are not punished, corruption continues and spoils the whole society and the nation. In order to control corruption, the police, judges, and other corruption controlling bodies have to be strictly moral and accountable to the people and the nation.
228 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Importance of Women Education Education is the divine light which lights the mind and soul of a person to lead a happy life. It also means training and instruction to give knowledge and develop skills. It is necessary for every human being. Nepolean Benaparte said, "Give me a good mother, I will give you a good nation." This shows the importance of women I female education. People have a traditional thought and look down upon women. They are only considered to be a child-bearing machine as well as cook. In some places they are not allowed to come out of their houses without covering their faces with veils. Parents pay their special attention to sons but not to daughters. They are only trained for cooking and doing house-hold work. Due to the lack of education they cannot fulfill their aim. Although they have the capacity to go ahead they are not able to do so because of the lack of education. Male and female are the two wheels of a cart or two sides of a coin. A coin can't be imagined leaving the other part. A cart cannot run smoothly on only one wheel. Similarly, human life cannot run without the help of women. Horne is the first school and mother is called the first teacher of a child. If a mother is educated a child can get good education at horne, get knowledge, widen its mind, develop its character and mental power. A child learns the language of its mother first. Later it learns the language spoken by father and other family members. So, its initial language is known as 'Mother -Tongue'. This verifies that the female education is more important than male education. Women should not be neglected at all. They can also earn name and fame in this world. As for example we can name some well-known ladies like Mao Bhandar Naike, Indira Gandhi, Margaret Thacher, Benazir Bhutto, Seikh Hasina Wazid, Florance Nightingale, Mother Teresa, Madam Currie, An-Sang Suu Kyi and Pasang Lharnu Sherap. In Nepal after the restoration of democracy, women have known the value of education and want to be educated. Our government also is encouraging them to go to school to get education. In conclusion, we can appreciate that if we educate a female child, it will be 'a wellknown person. It is the out put of female education. Exercise for practice 1. Write diary on the following topics: a. Equality of education b. The importance of television c. Health is wealth d. Pokhara as a tourist center e. Men and women are equal f. Value of physical exercise g. Cultural heritages of Nepal h. Your first day at school i. A visit to museum j. Your visit to a zoo
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 229 k. One of your best friends 1. Garden m. A famous temple you know n. Street children o. Games and sports p. Pollution q. Seasons r. Student's life s. Your school library t. Importance of prizes for children in school u. A traditional belief in your community v. An interesting place you've recently visited w. An important event in your life 2. Write an diary on the topic Rivers in Nepal' using the clues given in about 200 words. Introduction - advantages- how rivers are polluted-how to best utilize the rivers and protect them-conclusion 3. Write an diary on the following topic in about 200 words. Use the given clues: Television: use, abuse and your opinion 5. Newspaper Article A news article is an article published in newspapers, newsletters, magazines, etc. It discusses topic of some general interest or a specific topic. It is a kind of essay writing. It follows all the methods that you need to write a good essay. • Write a headline that catches the attention of the reader and relates well to the topic. • Have a good starting that establishes the subject matter and guides the reader into the article. • Write the introductory paragraph that tell the most important fact by answering the most pertinent of the wh-questions: who, what, where, when why and how. • Try to include some quoted reference and important quotes that are used to add interest and support the story. • End your news article when all of the information has been presented clearly. It should conclude with a good summary statement. Points to remember :
230 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Some sample Needs of Woman Education By Sunny Yadav The right to gain education is the right of all people; whether they are poor or rich, child or adult, male or female. So, females should have access to education. Females are also the citizens of a nation, so they must be educated for the development of the country. The strength of the country lies on its able citizens, who are educated and can contribute something to the nation. Men and women are two wheels of a vehicle; the vehicle cannot move just on one wheel. Similarly, a family cannot run smoothly if only the male member is educated. If females are also educated and able, they can share the burdens of males, mentally and financially. Similarly, the mother cares a child most of the time, so, if the mother is educated the child will learn a lot of from the mother in its early stage. An educated woman, therefore, can contribute to the betterment of her family, community and nation. Education is the chief defence of a country, so all citizens should be provided with educational opportunities without any discrimination against religion, caste, creed, and sex. Males and females should be equally treated and both should be educated without any discrimination. In a male dominated country like Nepal, female education should rather be made compulsory. 1. Write a newspaper article on Gender Discrimination. Use the following clues. Introduction __ how males are superior __ its impacts___ways to resolve___ conclusion 2. Write a newspaper article on Need of Adult Education with the help of the following points. Introduction __ help to increase literacy __ support to nation __ end superstition __ help to children __ conclusion. 3. Write a newspaper article on Inclusive Democracy including the following points. Democracy introduction __ participation of all ___ sense of ownness __ equal opportunity __ peace and harmony __ development __ ways to get it __ conclusion.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 231 4. Write a newspaper article on Poverty Alleviation. Use the following guideline. Introduction __ causes of poverty __ ways to solve it __ government effort __ improve agriculture ___ use resources __ employment __ practical education __ conclusion. 5. Write a newspaper article in about 200 words on Importance of Women Education using the following hints. Meaning of education – the place of women in the society – need for educating women in Nepal – how women education differs from that of men – conclusion. 6. Book Review / Film Review Sample A. Film Review JERRY : A MOVIE OF YOUTH Director : Hem Raj B.C. Producer : Manoj Serchan Starring : Anmol K.C., Anna Sharma, Gaurav Pahadi, Amalya Sharma, Abhisek Man Serchan, Yash SJB Rana Duration : 138 minutes Language : Nepali Release Date : 14 November 2014 The movie presents a story of a youth Xavier Rana, played by Anmol KC, from a rich family. For simplicity, he is popularly known as Jerry. A lot of girls are attracted to Jerry and he is sort of a playboy who enjoys life in every opportunity he gets. He tries not to get engaged with any particular girl for long until he meets Akanchha, played by Anna Sharma. Akanchha and Jerry meet in Mustang when Jerry is on a tour there. In the start Akanchha and Jerry don’t go along well but as the time passes, they fall in love. The movie is about the love and life of these two characters. The director, Hemraj, has shown his appeal to the teenagers by way of his debut movie Hostel. Jerry is going to be another favourite of the young viewers. He has rightly chosen the ‘Hostel’ actor Anmol to lead the movie. Anmol KC has improved and matured much in acting when compared to his
232 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 debut movie. His already good acting of his previous movie has become better with Jerry. The actress Anna Sharma has done a great job in her debut movie. The beautiful actress attracts not only by her physical beauty but her acting and portraying of her character. Jerry has a good story, heart touching music and good editing and screenplay. The background music sounds good, editing doesn’t have noticeable flaws. The sceneries of Pokhara and Mustang are awesome. The movie will surely promote the internal tourism by luring the viewers to the beautiful places. The movie binds the viewers in the seats by smooth flow of story, occasional cracks of jokes and sequences. I wish the second half of the movie was as funny and interesting as the first half. But, that doesn’t mean it is bad. Talking about the weakness, acting and dialogue delivery of some of the actors are annoying. At times, the flow of events seems predictable. The pace in the first half doesn’t hold in the second half. The movie is a nice youth love story. The movie appeals to youths and has spells to bind the viewers to the seat throughout the movie. The movie is a good entertainment, good music and fun sequence. B. Book Review Book Review : I Capture the Castle Title of the book : I Capture the Castle Author : Dodie Smith Publisher : William Heinemann Genre : Novel Year of Publication : 1948 A.D. Dodie Smith's novel I Capture the Castle is a journey through the mind of a young writer as she attempts to chronicle her daily life. Seventeen-year-old Cassandra Mortmain has recently learned to speed-write, and she decides to work on her writing skills by describing the actions and conversations of those around her. Cassandra lives in a fourteenth-century English castle with an interesting cast of characters: her beautiful older sister, Rose; her rather unsociable author father and his second wife, artist-model Topaz; Stephen, the garden boy; a cat and a bull terrier; and sometimes her brother Thomas when he is home from school. One fateful day they make the acquaintance of the Cotton family, including the two sons, and a web of tangled relationships ensues.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 233 While I definitely recommend this book to other readers, I would recommend it to older teenagers, mainly because it will resonate better with them. The writing is tame enough that younger teens could also read it, but most of the characters are adults or on the verge of adulthood. Older readers would take the most from it since they can not only relate, but they may also better pick up on and appreciate Cassandra's sometimes subtle humour. Over the course of the novel, Cassandra undergoes a definite transformation from child to mature young adult, even though it's only over the course of several months. I love that I could see into her mindset and read exactly what she was feeling when she thought out situations. Her thoughts flowed well and moved the book along very quickly. Cassandra's narrative voice is wonderful. She is serious at times, but also very witty, which makes for an engaging read. It feels absolutely real, as though I'm reading someone's actual journal. Sometimes I forget that I am reading a story and not a real-life account. Her emotions and the dialogue are so genuine, and they are spot-on for a seventeen-year-old girl in her situation. Cassandra has many wonderful insights on life, on topics ranging from writing to faith to matters of the heart. I personally have had some of the same thoughts as Cassandra, except Ms. Smith was able to put them into words. I Capture the Castle should be essential reading for aspiring writers, those looking for historical fiction or romance, or anyone who loves reading amazing classic books. Dodie Smith is an exceptional writer, and I Capture the Castle is a book that will never become obsolete. 1. Write a review of a movie that you have recently watched. 2. Write a review of a book that you have read recently.
234 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 Reading Comprehension-III (For 25 marks) Unseen Passage Reading Exercise for Practice as Question No. 3 1. Read the advertisement and answer the following questions. WANTED Oasis Company (a newly established marketing company) is looking for energetic and self motivated employees for marketing their new product. It is a challenging job but has a lot of opportunities and return. Selected candidates will be trained on various marketing skills in Kathmandu and have opportunity to go for further training in Sydney, Australia. Post : Marketing Executive Minimum Qualification: Graduation in Management Essential Qualities : Knowledge of Accountancy and various accounting software along with programmeming languages, various computer applications and operating systems. Interested candidates may send their application along with CV to [email protected]. np before 15th July. A. Answer the following questions: (a) Where to apply? Ans: Candidates need to apply to oasis @wlink.com.np. (b) When to apply? Ans: Candidates need to apply before 15th July. (c) Who can apply? Ans: The candidates with graduation in Management having knowledge of accountancy and various computer applications and operating systems can apply. (d) How to apply? Ans: Candidates have to send their application to [email protected] to apply. (e) What benefits will the selected candidate get? Ans: The selected candidate will get a lot of opportunities and return.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 235 B. Read the advertisement again and rewrite the passage filling the gaps with appropriate words. This is an example of an …… It is for the post of …… A person whose minimum qualification is …can apply. The candidate will be given training on .... in..... Ans: advertisement, Marketing Executive, graduation in management, various marketing skills, Kathmandu. 2. Read the text below and do the activities that follow. Wednesday, 24 June 1942 It is so hot! Yesterday I had to walk to the dentist’s from school in our lunch hour. I wish that we could go on a bus or a train, but of course us Jews are not allowed to do that. It was so far that I nearly fell asleep afterwards in the afternoon. They were kind at the dentist’s, though, and gave me something to drink. I wish I didn’t have to go to school. I’m glad it’s nearly the summer holidays; one more week and our suffering will be over! But something amusing happened too yesterday. A boy called Hello Silberberg asked me to walk to school with him. Hello is sixteen, and tells lots of funny stories. He was waiting for me again this morning. A. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. (a) The above text is an example of a letter. (b) The writer was not allowed to use bus or train. (c) The vacation will make the writer free from sufferings. (d) She didn’t like to walk with Hello. (e) The writer had a liking to the boy. B. Read the text again, and answer the following questions. (a) When was the text written? (b) What were the Jews not allowed to do? (c) Why was she nearly asleep in the afternoon? (d) How was Hello? (e) What did he ask the writer?
236 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 3. Read the text below and do the activities that follow. [10] SUNDAY, JANUARY 30, 1944 My dearest Kit, Another Sunday has rolled around; I don’t mind them as much as I did in the beginning, but they’re boring enough. I still haven’t gone to the warehouse yet, but maybe sometime soon. Last night I went downstairs in the dark, all by myself, after having been there with Father a few nights before. I stood at the top of the stairs while German planes flew back and forth, and I knew I was on my own, that I couldn’t count on others for support. My fear vanished. I looked up at the sky and trusted in God. I have an intense need to be alone. Father has noticed I’m not my usual self, but I can’t tell him what’s bothering me. All I want to do is scream, “Let me be, leave me alone!” Who knows, perhaps the day will come when I’m left alone more than I’d like! Anne Frank (Source: https://books.google.com.np/) A. Find out what is wrong in the following statements and then correct them. (a) The days are joyful to the writer. (b) The writer went to the downstairs with her father last night. (c) She didn’t believe in God. (d) The writer wants to live in a company of her friends. (e) The writer is sure that she will be alone one day. B. Read the text again and answer the questions given below. (a) When was the diary written? (b) Who wrote this diary? (c) How were the Sundays? (d) What did the writer do while the German planes were flying? (e) What was the need of the writer?
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 237 4. Read the advertisement and answer the following questions: JOB OPPORTUNITY South Asian Infra, a leading hydro-company in Nepal, wishes to appoint qualified, energetic and dedicated personnel for the following position. Post -Office Assistant No. - 2 (two) Academic qualification and other requirements: – +2 in Management – Good knowledge of computer operation – Excellent in correspondences (Both in English and Nepali) Interested candidates may send their application together with detailed CV, two copies of passport size photo, references and expected salary. Females are encouraged to apply. Only short-listed candidates will be invited for the interview. Applications should arrive in the following address by 20th May 2017. The Administrative Department South Asian Infra (SAI) Kalimati, Kathmandu P.O. Box: 2225 A. Fill in the gaps with suitable words from the above advertisement: (a) The candidate should be ................. both in Nepali and English. (b) The publishing house is located at ................... (c) Selected candidates will be invited for the ................... (d) Application should be sent to ........ of the company. (e) The interested candidates must have the knowledge of .............. B. Answer the following questions: (a) What are the requirements besides the academic qualifications? (b) What type of person is the company seeking? (c) What are the things that a candidate should enclose along with the application? (d) What is the deadline for submitting applications? (e) How many individuals will be appointed by the company?
238 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 5. Read the advertisement and answer the following questions. Walk in Interview Shuvam Suppliers, Kathmandu, is seeking a marketing manager. Interested candidates may send their bio-data along with a recent passport size photograph and contact phone number within 7 days. Professional experiences required. 1. Must be MBA degree holder. 2. Experience in the field of marketing will be an added advantage. 3. Excellent communication skills in English Contact address: Tel no. : 415213 A. Read the advertisement again and fill in the gaps with missing words. (a) The organisation is …… a manager. (b) Candidates are asked to send their …… along with their photograph. (c) The candidate should have …… qualification. (d) The candidates should have …… skills. (e) Selection will be made with …… B. Read the advertisement again and answer the following questions: (a) What is the post? (b) What is the qualification for the post? (c) When should one contact? (d) What is the contact number? (e) What are the extra qualifications for the post? 6. Read the text below and do the activities that follow. OFFICE CLOSED NOTICE Please be informed that our office will be closed on Friday, February 11 for Japanese Holiday, and Saturday, February 12 for staff training. In case of emergency, please call 090-1873-2667. We apologise for any inconvenience this may cause. Regular Business Hours: Monday to Friday 8:30 – 17:30 Saturday 8:30 –15:00 Sunday and Japanese Holidays are closed.
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 239 A. Write ‘T’ for true and ‘F’ for false statements. (a) The above text is an advertisement. (b) The office will be closed for two days. (c) There is staff training on both of these days. (d) The office has the longest working hour on Saturdays. (e) The office remains closed on Sundays. B. Answer the following questions. (a) What is the notice about? (b) What is there on February 11? (c) When is the staff training? (d) What should be done in case of emergency? (e) At what time does the office open on Mondays? 7. Read the notice given below and do the activities that follow. Item 3: Re-election of Mr Ken as a Director To consider and, if thought fit, pass the following resolution as an ordinary resolution: that Mr Ken who retires in accordance with the Company's rules and is eligible for election, be re-elected as a Director of the Company. A. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements. (a) The notice was given to the public. (b) The meeting would begin when it was 10:00 in Nepal. (c) Four agendas were proposed for the AGM. (d) The financial year begins from January. (e) The company was going to elect a new director. B. Answer the following questions. (a) Who published the notice? (b) What was the notice for? (c) When and where would the AGM take place? (d) At what condition would the resolutions be passed? (e) What is the third agenda?
240 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 8. Read the advisements and answer the following questions. VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A reputed business house is looking for self-motivated and determined persons for the following post: 1. Position: Marketing Executive-4 persons. Responsible for assisting with marketing materials, branding and promotion. Maintaining database and preparing report. Should be a graduate, preferably marketing major. Should have a valid driving license of 2 wheelers. Age below 30 years. Minimum 3 years of marketing experience. Pleasant personality with good communication skills. Interested candidates are requested to send their CV along with 2pp size photograph within 7 days to the following address. HR Manager GPO BOX No.3975, Kathmandu, Nepal E-mail: [email protected] A. Complete the following sentences supplying appropriate words or phrases from the text. (a) The employer is ................. (b) The candidate should submit their applications ................. (c) Besides the academic qualification the candidate should have ....... (d) The candidate should be ................. years. (e) Candidates must possess good ............... skills. B. Answer the following questions. (a) What should be submitted along with the application? (b) What is the required qualification for the candidate? (c) Who should the candidates address to? (d) Who can apply for the post advertised? (e) How can the candidates apply?
Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 241 9. Read the following advertisement carefully and do the activities given below. VACANCY ANNOUNCEMENT A newly established Higher Secondary School with a motto of quality education and enough assistance to needy students in higher education, is in need of energetic, enthusiastic staff for the following posts: Post : Higher Secondary full time teacher. Subjects : English, Mathematics, Economics, Nepali, Physics, Chemistry, Biology. Qualification : Masters level in related subjects Required Nos. : Some Experience : At least 3 years. Remuneration : As per the candidate's capability and experiences. Qualified and interested individuals are required to send their application in the following address with a copy of their academic qualification, C.V. and a recent passport sized photograph within 27th of Bhadra 2068. Adarsha Shiksha H.S. School Lallitpur- 10 Nepal P.O.Box- 10025 Ph: Nos. 5570119, 5577362 A. Read the above advertisement and answer the following questions. (a) What is the main aim of the school? (b) What type of person is required for the school? (c) Write the minimum qualification and experience for the job. (d) Name the other required documents to send along with the application. (e) Where should the interested candidate apply? B. Fill in the blank spaces with correct information. (a) The number of required posts : .............................. (b) Location of the institution : .............................. (c) Photograph : .............................. (d) Contact Number : .............................. (e) Subjects : ..............................
242 Oasis Applied English Grammar Book-9 10. Read the text and answer the following questions. WANTED A newly established software marketing company is looking for energetic and self-motivated employees for marketing their new product. It is a challenging job but has a lot of opportunities and return. Selected candidates will be trained on various marketing skills in Kathmandu and have the opportunity to go for further training in West London College, England. Post : Marketing Executive Minimum Qualification : Management graduate Essential Qualities : Knowledge of Accountancy and various accounting computer software. Interested candidates may send their application along with CV to Mercantile Office System, Post Box 757, Kathmandu before 10th March 2011 A. Answer the following questions. (a) Who is the employer? (b) How old is the company? (c) What future prospects are there? (d) What is the deadline to apply? (e) What are the qualities needed besides academic qualification? B. Read the text again and rewrite the passage filling the gaps with appropriate words. This is an example of an .......... It is for the post of.......... A person whose minimum qualification is.......... can apply. The candidate must be.......... and selected candidate will be given training on.......... in Kathmandu. 11. Read the following advertisement and answer the questions given below. TEACHERS WANTED Vacancies are announced for the following posts: Primary Level : English, Maths, Nepali Qualification : Candidates should have at least +2 (Bachelors in related subjects is preferred) : Preference will be given to experienced candidates