195 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & e"ldsf dxŒjk"0f{ /x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfndf /fli6«o :t/b]lv :yfgLo tx;Ddsf lgsfox¿n] hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ljleGg e"ldsf v]Nb} cfPsf 5g\ . lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno, :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno, /]8qm;, kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;ª\3, >d ljefu, ;xsf/L ljefu, 3/]n' tyf ;fgf pBf]u, :yfgLo ljsf; k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg h:tf ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yfx¿ hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf lqmofzLn lgsfox¿ x'g\ . s_ lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|lalw dGqfno hg;ª\Vof lzIff;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ljleGg ;dodf hg;ª\Vof;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ljleGg k|sf/sf r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmd ;~rfngsf nflu lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno lqmofzLn /x]sf] 5 . o; dGqfnoaf6 o'jf, dhb'/ tyf dlxnfx¿nfO{ hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL r]tgf km}nfpg cgf}krfl/s hg;ª\Vof lzIff sfo{qmd nfu' ul/Psf] 5 . hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] u/L ;fgf] kl/jf/sf] efjgf hufpg o; dGqfnon] sfd ub{5 . v_ :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfno o; dGqfnon] b]zdf hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;DaGwL sfo{qmd ug{] ljleGg txsf lgsfox¿;Fu ;dGjo u5{ . ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx¿sf] cg'udg / d"Nofª\sg ug{] sfd;d]t :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfnon] u5{ . lj=;+= @)%@ ;fndf :yfkgf ePsf] of] dGqfnon] :yfkgf ePsf] ;doaf6} :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof;Fu ;DalGwt ljifodf s]lGb|t /x]/ gLltlgdf{0f ug{] sfd ub{} cfPsf] 5 . o;n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] gLltsf] sfof{Gjogdf o; dftxtsf lgsfox¿ lqmofzLn /xG5g\ . u_ k|b]z ;/sf/ g]kfndf ;ª\3Lotf nfu' eP nuQ} :yfkgf ePsf k|b]z ;/sf/x¿n] ljleGg ;dodf hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ljleGg ultljlw ;~rfng ub{} cfPsf 5g\ . o;df hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt gLltlgodx¿ agfpg], cfkm" dftxtsf lgsfox¿nfO{ To;sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ clek|l/t ug{], hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt ;r]tgf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{], a:tL ljsf;, s[lif ks]6 If]q 3f]if0f ug{], cfºgf] k|b]zdf /x]sf c:ktfnx¿;Fu ;dGjog u/L kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{], afFemf]kgsf] pkrf/ ;]jf k|bfg ug{] tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hgsf c:yfoL ;fwgx¿sf] lgMz'Ns ljt/0f ug{] h:tf sfo{qmdx¿ kb{5g\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 196 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t 3_ kl/jf/ lgof]hg ;ª\3 ;g\ !(%( ;fndf :yflkt o; ;ª\3n] of}g tyf k|hgg :jf:Yosf If]qdf sfd u/L hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] 5 . b]zdf cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs ¿kdf k5fl8 k/]sf ;d'bfonfO{ o; ;ª\3n] PrcfOeL P8\;nufotsf ;+j]bgzLn :jf:Yo ;]jf pknAw u/fpF5 . ª_ :yfgLo ;/sf/ xfd|f] b]zdf $^) ufpFkflnsf, @&^ gu/kflnsf, !! pkdxfgu/kflnsf / ^ dxfgu/kflnsf u/L &%# cf]6f :yfgLo tx /x]sf 5g\ . kl/jf/ lgof]ug, dft[lzz' sNof0f;GwL ;]jf ;~rfng, dlxnf afnaflnsfsf] s'kf]if0f Go"gLs/0f /f]syfd cflb h:tf hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{qmd ufpFkflnsf tyf gu/kflnsf h:tf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] ub{5g\ . cfºgf] If]qdf :yfkgf ePsf :jf:Yo rf}sLsf] Joj:yfkg ug{], dft[lzz' tyf k|hgg;DaGwL 3/ 3/df ;Nnfx lbg], dlxnf :jod\;]ljsfx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug{], :yfgLo txsf] kf7\oqmdf hg;ª\Vof lzIff ljifo ;dfj]z u/fpg kxn ug{], l9nf] ljjfxdf hf]8 lbg r]tgfd"ns sfo{qmdx¿ ;~rfng ug{], n}ª\lus lje]bsf] cGTo ug{ ;'emfj / ;Nnfx lbg], cfºgf] If]qdf /x]sf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx¿nfO{ l;kd"ns sfo{qmddf ;xefuL u/fpg] h:tf sfo{qmd u/]/ :yfgLo ;/sf/n] hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf 5g\ . cEof; != hg;ª\Vofsf] 1fgaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . @= hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;/sf/sf] e"ldsfnfO{ k|:6 kfg'{xf];\ . #= :jf:Yo tyf hg;ª\Vof dGqfnon] hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkg;Fu ;DalGwt /x]/ ug{] s'g} Ps sfd n]Vg'xf];\ . $= hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf k|b]z ;/sf/n] ug{] sfo{x¿sf] ;"rL tof/ kfg'{xf];\ . lqmofsnfk != k|b]z ;/sf/ / ;ª\3;+:yfx¿n] hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf v]n]sf] e"ldsfsf ;DaGwdf sIffdf 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . @= :yfgLo lgsfon] hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf :yfgLo ;/sf/n] v]Ng] e"ldsfnfO{ ;"rLa4 u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
197 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & PsfO ( cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw, ;d;fdlos 36gf / ;xof]u l;sfO pknlAw • e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] kl/ro lbO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf ¿kdf g]kfnn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:of tyf ;Defjgf / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ atfpg, • ;fs{sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf p2]Zo / ultljlw atfpg, • ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ;d'lrt k|of]u ug{ / b'?kof]uaf6 x'g] c;/ atfpg, • ;d;fdlos ultljlw / 36gf atfO{ o;n] ;dfhdf kfg{] k|efj atfpg .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 198 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t ;fdflhs lzIfs >L aneb|n] lxhf] Pe/]:6 ;]s]G8/L :s'nsf sIff & sf ljBfyL{ efOalxgLx¿nfO{ ljleGg rf/ cf]6f ;d"xdf ljefhg u/]/ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«;Fu ;DalGwt 5nkmn u/fpg'ePsf] lyof] . klxnf] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] kl/ro, bf];|f] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿, t];|f] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t b]zn] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿nfO{ sd ug{] pkfox¿ / rf}yf] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6« x'g'sf kmfObf / a]kmfObfsfaf/]df 5nkmn ug{ tf]lsPsf] lyof] . cfhsf] sfo{qmdsf ;~rfns /jLGb| 8+uf]n /x]sf 5g\ . ca ljBfyL{x¿n] 5nkmn u/L k|fKt u/]sf] lgisif{ ;'gf}+ x} t M sfo{qmd ;~rfnsM cfb/0fLo u'? / d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿ † ;a}nfO{ xflb{s :jfut ub{} d cfhsf] sfo{qmd ;'? ub}{ 5'. ;j{k|yd d klxnf] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] kl/ro ;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ k|:t't ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5'. kf7 ! e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«
199 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & klxnf] ;d"x cfb/0fLo lzIfs tyf d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿ † d hgs rf}w/L oxfFx¿nfO{ Gofgf] clejfbg ug{ rfxG5'. xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] kl/ro ;DaGwdf xfdLn] u/]sf] 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ oxfF k|:t't ug{ ub}{ 5'. cfˆgf] b]zsf] ;Ldfn] hldg;Fu dfq 5f]Psf b]zx¿nfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6« elgG5 . b]zsf] hldgn] ;d'b|nfO{ g5f]Psf /fi6«x¿ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6« x'g\ . ;+;f/sf] nueu b'O{ltxfO efu kfgL 5 t/ ;+;f/sf $* b]zx¿sf] l;dfgf kfgL;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5}g . tL /fi6«x¿sf] l;dfgf ;d'b|;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5}g eg] hndfu{sf] kx'Fr klg 5}g . g]kfn klg Ps e"kl/j]li6t /fi6« xf] . g]kfnsf] pQ/L l;dfgf rLg;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 eg] k"j{, blIf0f / klZrddf ef/t;Fu hf]l8Psf] 5 . g]kfnn] ;d'b|;Dd k'Ug ef/t / a+unfb]zsf] af6f] eP/ hfg'kb{5 . ;fs{sf cf7 b]zx¿dWo] tLg cf]6f b]zx¿ g]kfn, e'6fg / ckmuflg:tfg e"kl/j]li6t 5g\ . ca d oxfFx¿;dIf ljZjsf e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿sf] ;"rL k|:t't ug{ rfxG5'. qm=;+= dxfb]z b]zsf] ;ª\Vof b]zx¿sf] gfd != Pl;of !@ cf]6f ch/j}hfg, ckmuflg:tfg, cd{]lgofF, pHj]ls:tfg, sfhls:tfg, lslu{:tfg, tfhls:tfg, g]kfn, t's{ldlg:tfg, e'6fg, d+uf]lnof, nfcf]; @= o'/f]k !* cf]6f cl:6«of, PG8f]/f, r]s u0ftGq, a]nf?;, Eofl6sg l;6L, d];]8f]lgofF, df]G6]g]u|f], df]gfsf], dfNbf]ef, nSh]Dau{, lnR6]G:6fOg, ;lj{of, sf];f]ef], x+u]/L, ;fgdfl/gf], :nf]efs u0ftGq, l:j6\h/NofG8, ;fpy cf];]l6of #= clk|msf !^ cf]6f Olyof]lkof, o'ufG8f, rf8, hflDaof, lhDafj], gfOh/, a'ls{gfkmf;f], a'?G8L, dnfjL, dWo clk|msL u0ftGq, dfnL, ?jfG8f, n];f]yf], af]T:jfgf, O:jfltgL -:jflhNofG8_, blIf0f ;'8fg $= blIf0f cd]l/sf @ cf]6f kf/fUj], af]lnleof o;/L ;ft cf]6f dxfb]zx¿dWo] rf/ cf]6f dxfb]zdf dfq e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿ /x]sf
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 200 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t 5g\ . ;a}eGbf sd e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿ blIf0f cd]l/sfdf 5g\ eg] ;a}eGbf a9L o'/f]kdf /x]sf 5g\ . wGojfb † sfo{qmd ;~rfnsM wGojfb † ca d bf];|f] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿ ;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ k|:t't ug{ cg'/f]w ub{5'. bf];|f] ;d"x wGojfb pb\3f]ifs ldq † cfb/0fLo u'? / d]/f ;xkf7L ldqx¿ † d /ljgf n'ª\u]nLsf] tkm{af6 Gofgf] clejfbg l:jsfg'{xf];\ . xfd|f] ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofsf af/]df 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ k|:t't ug{ elgPsf] lyof] . o;cg';f/ xfdLn] To:tf ;d:ox¿nfO{ a'Fbfut ¿kdf o;/L pNn]v u/]sf 5f}+ M s= Jofkf/df ;b}j l5d]sL b]zsf] e/ kg'{kg{], v= ;Ldf ;'/Iffdf a9L vr{ x'g], u= l5d]sL /fi6«x¿;Fu ;DaGw /fd|f] x'g g;s]df gfsfaGbLsf] ;Defjgf /xg], 3= ;fdfg 9'jfgL sl7gfOk"0f{ / dxª\uf] x'g], ª= ;fd'lb|s ;|f]tsf] pkef]u ug{ g;lsg], r= cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/df c;xhtf pTkGg x'g], wGojfb † sfo{qmd ;~rfnsM wGojfb, /ljgf . ca d t];|f] ;d"xnfO{ k/]sf] e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿nfO{ k/]sf ;d:of sd ug{] pkfox¿sf af/]df 5nkmnsf] lgisif{ k|:t't ug{ ;do lbG5'. t];|f] ;d"x wGojfb pb\3f]ifs ldq . cfb/0fLo lzIfs Ho", Kof/f ljBfyL{ ;fyLx¿ † d ljgo ofbj . d cfh e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿nfO{ k/]sf ;d:of sd ug{] pkox¿ oxfF k|:t't ug{ rfxG5'M s= l5d]sL b]zx¿;Fu ldqjt\ Jojxf/ ug{], v= ;a} l5d]sL b]z;Fu :j:y / ;Gt'lnt ;DaGw sfod ug{], u= cj}w Jofkf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{],
201 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 3= l5d]sL b]zx¿n] cfˆgf] gfsfnfO{ Jojl:yt / ;'/lIft /fVg], ª= e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf ¿kdf /fi6«x¿n] k|fKt ug{ kfpg] clwsf/x¿nfO{ lgaf{w ¿kdf k|fKt ug{] jftfj/0f agfpg] . o;sf nflu cGt/fli6«o d~rx¿sf] klg pkof]u ug{ ;lsG5 . wGojfb † sfo{qmd ;~rfnsM ca d clGtd ;d"xnfO{ e"kl/j]li6t /fi6« x'g'sf kmfObf / clwsf/sf ljifodf k|:t'tLs/0fsf nflu pSt ;d"xsf k|ltlglwnfO{ cg'/f]w ub{5'. rf}yf] ;d"x wGojfb, pb\3f]ifs Ho". cfb/0fLo lzIfsHo" / d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿ † ;a}df d hLjg l;Ub]n Gofgf] clejfbg 6qm\ofpg rfxG5'M e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿n] ;b}j ;d:of dfq ef]Ub5g\ eGg] xf]Og . logLx¿n] cj;/x¿ klg kfpF5g\ . oL kmfObfx¿nfO{ lgDgfg';f/ pNn]v ug{ ;lsG5 . s= ;fd'lb|s cfFwL, t'kmfg tyf ;'gfdL cflbsf] ;fdgf ug'{ gkg{], v= hn;]gf, ;fd'lb|s oftfoftsf ;fwg cflbsf] ;~rfng, kl/rfng cflbdf vr{ x'Fb}g, u= ;fd'lb|s 8fFs'x¿sf] cftª\saf6 6f9} /xg ;lsG5 . e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿ klg ;fd'lb|s clwsf/ k|fKt ug{ ;Ifd 5g\ . o;sf nflu ;+o'Qm /fi6« ;ª\3n] ;g\ !(*@ df e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] ;d'b|dfly clwsf/ ;DaGwL ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . o;n] u/]sf] Joj:yf lgDgfg';f/ 5 M s= ;d'b|df kx'Frsf] clwsf/, v= If]qLo ;fd'lb|s / kl/jxgsf] clwsf/, u= kg8'AaL s]a'nx¿ /fVg], kfOknfOgx¿ la5\ofpg] tyf s[lqd 6fk'x¿ :yfkgf ug{ kfpg] clwsf/, 3= ;d'b|df j}1flgs vf]hcg';Gwfg ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ . wGojfb †
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 202 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t sfo{qmd ;~rfnsM cfhsf] o; sfo{qmddf oxfFx¿ ;a}sf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutf /Xof] . ;a}nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb lbFb} d cfhsf] sfo{qmd cfb/0fLo lzIfssf] cf1fn] oxLF ;dfkg ePsf] 3f]if0ff ub{5'. lqmofsnfk s= P6\n;sf ;xfotfn] ;a} e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿ kQf nufpg'xf];\ . ;fs{sf tLg b]zx¿ s'g s'g l5d]sL b]zn] 3]l/Psf 5g\ < kQf nufpg'xf];\ . v= g]kfn b'O{ 7'nf cy{tGq ePsf b]zx¿sf lardf /x]sf] 5 . g]kfnn] s;/L o;af6 kmfObf lng ;Snf < sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\M s= e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«sf] kl/ro lbg'xf];\ . v= ;a}eGbf a9L / ;a}eGbf sd e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿ ePsf dxfb]zx¿ s'g s'g x'g\ < u= ;fd'lb|s dfu{af6 eGbf cGo dfu{af6 ;fdfg 9'jfgL ubf{ dxFuf] kb{5, lsg < 3= e"kl/j]li6t /fi6«x¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf ;d:ofx¿ ;"rLa4 ug{'xf];\ . ª= s] g]kfn e"kl/j]li6t x'gfsf sf/0fn] ljsf;df kl5 k/]sf] xf] < sf/0fx¿ lbg'xf];\ . r= e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿n] ;fd'lb|s ;|f]tx¿ pkef]u ug{ kfPgg\ eg] sxfF ph'/L ug'{k5{ < kl/of]hgf sfo{ ;+;f/df e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿dWo] s]xL lgs} zlQmzfnL / ;DkGg 5g\, s]xL cljsl;t 5g\ . ;DkGg b]zx¿ s] sf/0fn] ;DkGg ePsf xf]nfg\ < lsg s]xL e"kl/j]li6t b]zx¿ r/d ul/aLdf 5g\ < vf]hL ug{'xf];\ / lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
203 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & ljBfnosf] vfnL ;dodf sIff ;ftsf tLg hgf ljBfyL{x¿ k|f~hn, /Iff / ljgo 5nkmn u/]/ al;/x]sf 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] 5nkmnsf] ljifo blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;ª\u7g (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation) cyf{t SAARC /x]sf] 5 . k|f~hnM ;fyLx¿, ltdLx¿ s;}nfO{ ;fs{sfaf/]df hfgsf/L 5 < 5 eg] dnfO{ s]xL atfOb]cf] g . /IffM eOxfN5 lg k|f~hn . ;fs{sf] :yfkgf ;g\ !(*% l8;]Da/ * df ePsf] lyof] . of] blIf0f Pl;ofdf /x]sf cf7 cf]6f b]zx¿sf] ;femf d~r xf] . ljgoM t/ :yfkgfsfndf t ;ft cf]6f ;b:o /fi6«x¿ dfq lyP x}g / < /IffM xf] lg ljgo . k|f~hnM tL /fi6«x¿ s'g–s'g x'g\ t, /Iff < ljgoM d eG5' x} t . tL b]zx¿df g]kfn, ef/t, e'6fg, a+unfb]z, >LnÍf, kfls:tfg, dflNbE; / ckmuflg:tfg x'g\ . /IffM uHha, ljgo . k|f~hnM ca dnfO{ o;sf] :yfkgfsf] Oltxf;sfaf/]df klg atfOb]cf] g . /IffM ;g\ !(&& df sf7df8f}Fdf sf]nDaf] of]hgfsf] k/fdz{bft[ ;ldltsf] a}7s a;]sf] lyof] . pQm a}7sdf g]kfnsf tTsfnLg /fhf jL/]Gb|n] g]kfndf w]/} ePsf] hn;|f]tsf] pkof]u ug{ If]qLo ;xof]usf] clkn u/]sf lyP . ;g\ !(*) df a+unfb]zsf /fi6«klt lhofpn /xdfgn] ;fs{sf] cjwf/0ff cl3 ;f/]sf lyP . ljgoM ltdLn] l7s s'/f u¥of}, /Iff . ;g\ !(*% df a+unfb]zsf] 9fsfdf ePsf] ;ft b]zsf /fi6« k|d'vx¿sf] a}7sn] ;fs{sf] :yfkg u¥of] . pQm ;Dd]ngn] g} ;fs{sf] ;lrjfno g]kfndf /fVg] lg0f{o u/]sf] lyof] . /IffM ljgo, s] ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 g]kfnsf tkm{af6 ;fs{sf] a8fkqdf x:tfIf/ ug{] JolQm sf] lyP < kf7 @ ;fs{sf ultljlwx¿
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 204 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t ljgoM yfxf 5 lg . pgL /fhf jL/]Gb| lyP . k|f~hnM P, To;f] eP g]kfn ;fs{sf] ;+:yfks ;b:o /x]5 . x}g t < /IffM xf] lg . :yfkgf sfnb]lv g} g]kfn ;fs{sf] ;lj|mo ;b:o /fi6«sf ¿kdf /x]sf] 5 . ljgoM clg s'g ;Dd]ngaf6 ;fs{df ckmuflg:tfgnfO{ ;b:o /fi6«sf ¿kdf NofOof] < ljgoM ;g\ @))& clk|ndf ef/tsf] gofF lbNnLdf ePsf] ;fs{sf] rf}wf}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ngaf6 ;fs{ ;b:osf ¿kdf ckmuflg:tfgsf] cf}krfl/s k|j]z ePsf] xf] . To; ;Dd]ngdf ckmuflg:tfgsf /fi6«klt xldb sf/hfO{n] efu lnPsf lyP . k|f~hnM g]kfnn] ;fs{df v]n]sf d'Vo d'Vo e"ldsfx¿sf af/]df klg atfpm g . /IffM x'G5 lg k|f~hn . -rf6{ b]vfpFb}_ n oxfF x]/ t d}n] ;fs{df g]kfnsf ultljlwx¿sf] rf6{ agfPsf] 5'M • ;fs{sf] ;lrjfno sf7df8f}Fdf /x]sf] 5 . • ;fs{ ;"rgf s]Gb| klg g]kfnsf] sf7df8f}F+ d} /x]sf] 5 . • ;fs{sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{sf] !)=&@ k|ltzt g]kfnn] a]xf]5{ . • ;g\ !((@af6 eQmk'/sf] l7dLdf ;fs{ Ifo/f]u s]Gb| ;~rfngdf 5 . • g]kfnn] ;fs{sf] t]x|f}F, P3f/f}+ / c7f/f}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . • ;fs{sf] k|tLs lrGx (logo) g]kfnsf z}n]Gb| dxh{gn] tof/ u/]sf x'g\ . • g]kfnn] ljleGg ;dodf ;fs{ :t/Lo v]ns'b cfof]hgf ub{} cfO/x]sf] 5 . • ;fs{ :yfkgf lbj;sf sfo{qmdx¿ g]kfnn] ;lj|motfk"j{s ;DkGg ug{] u/]sf] 5 . • g]kfnn] s[lif, :jf:Yo, oftfoft, x'nfs, hnjfo' tyf kl/jf/ lgof]hg cflb If]qdf kf/:kl/s ;xof]u a9fPsf] 5 . k|f~hnM w]/} wGojfb /Iff . ;fs{sf] clGtd lzv/ ;Dd]ng t g]kfnd} cfof]hgf ePsf] lyof] lg x}g / < ljgoM xf] t lg . ;g\ @)!$ sf] gf]e]Da/df sf7df8f}Fdf ;fs{sf] c7f/f}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ng cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . !( cf}+ lzv/ ;Dd]ng ;g\ @)!^ df kfls:tfgdf x'g] elgP klg xfn;Dd of] clglZrt alg/x]sf] 5 . k|f~hnM ltdLx¿ b'j} hgfnfO{ wGojfb . dnfO{ ;fs{sfaf/]df cfh w]/} s'/f k|:6 eof] .
205 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & lqmofsnfk s= g]kfn ;fs{sf] ;lj|mo ;b:o xf] eGg] s'/f xfdLn] kf7df cWoog ul/;Sof}+ . tkfO{Fx¿n] OG6/g]6 jf lzIfssf ;xfotfdf g]kfnnfO{ ;fs{dfkm{t s'g s'g If]qdf ;xof]u k|fKt ePsf] 5 < vf]hLu/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . v= s] ;fs{ h:tf If]qLo d~rx¿n] klg ljZjzflGtsf] :yfkgfdf dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng ;Sb5g\ < sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . cEof; != pko'Qm hfgsf/L /fvL tnsf vfnL 7fpFx¿ k"/f ug'{xf];\M s= ;fs{sf hDdf =================================== cf]6f p2]Zox¿ 5g\ . v= ;fs{ ;lrjfno =================================== df /x]sf] 5 . u= ;fs{sf] klxnf] lzv/ ;Dd]ng =============================== n] cfof]hgf u/]sf] lyof] . 3= ;fs{sf] ;a}eGbf sfG5f] ;b:o /fi6« =================================== xf] . ª= ;fs{sf] k|tLs lrGxsf l8hfOg/ =================================== x'g\ . r= ;fs{sf =================================== cf]6f ;Dd]ngx¿ g]kfndf ePsf lyP . @= tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\M s= ;fs{sf] :yfkgfsf] p2]Zo s] lyof] < v= g]kfndf ;fs{;Fu ;DalGwt s'g s'g c8\8fx¿ /x]sf 5g\ < u= ;fs{sf] ca x'g] lzv/ ;Dd]ng slt cf}F xf] / sxfF x'g] to ePsf] 5 < 3= ;fs{df g]kfnsf s'g} kfFr of]ubfgx¿ pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . ª= ;fs{sf] :yfkgfdf tTsfnLg /fhf jL/]Gb|sf] of]ubfgsf] rrf{ ug'[{xf];\ . kl/of]hgf sfo{ sIffsf ;fyLx¿ cf7 cf]6f ;d"xdf ljeflht x'g'xf];\ . cf7 cf]6f ;d"xn] cf7 cf]6f b]zsf] k|ltlglwTj ug'{xf];\ . x/]sn] cfˆgf] b]zsf] 5f]6f] kl/ro, ;fs{df e"ldsf tyf ;fs{df ul/g] vr{ h:tf ljifodf k|:t'tLs/0f ug'{xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 206 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t sDKo'6/ k|ljlwsf] k|of]u u/L s'g} klg k|sf/sf] hfgsf/L, ;"rgf, tl:a/, kmfOn, Wjlg cflb lng]lbg] sfo{nfO{ ;"rgf k|ljlw elgG5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwn] cfw'lgs o'udf 7'nf] km8\sf] dfl/;s]sf] 5 . xfdLnfO{ ;]jf ;'ljwf k'¥ofPsf] 5 . ;"rgf / k|ljlw cfd dflg;sf] hLjgsf] cleGg cË alg;s]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;af6 cToGt 5f]6f] ;dodf ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/Lx¿ lnglbg ;lsg'sf ;fy} ljleGg lsl;dsf cgnfOg sf/f]af/x¿ klg ug{ ;lsG5 . ljsl;t b]zx¿df ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] kx'Fr ;fdflhs hLjgsf x/]s If]qdf k'lu;s]sf] eP klg xfd|f] b]zdf eg] o;sf] k|efj ev{/} lj:tf/ x'g] qmddf 5 . xfn ;"rgf k|ljlws} sf/0f ljZj Ps ;fgf] ufpFdf kl/0ft eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn k|rlnt ;"rgf k|ljlwsf ;fwgx¿df /]l8of], 6]lnlehg, lel8of], sDKo'6/, l8lh6n Sofd]/f, l8lh6n 38L, df]afOn kmf]g cflb /x]sf 5g\ . o;sf cnfjf e"pku|x k|0ffnL, Od]n, OG6/g]6, cgnfOg a}7s, er'{cn sIff ÷ e]63f6 cflbsf] k|of]u klg x'G5 . o:tf ;fwgx¿sf dfWodaf6 ;"rgfx¿ l;h{gf ug{], e08f/0f ug{], k7fpg], k|fKt ug{] cflb h:tf sfo{x¿ ug{ ;lsG5 . OG6/g]6 ;]jfsf] lj:tf/ g]kfndf tLj| ¿kdf eO/x]sf] 5 . ca xfdLnfO{ g]kfnsf] s'g} klg s'gfaf6 ljZjsf s'g} klg s'gfdf ePsf cfˆgf cfkmGt tyf ;fyLefOx¿;Fu ;lhn} s'/fsfgL ug{ ;xh ePsf] 5 . 6]lnsd ;]jf k|bfosx¿n] klg cfˆgf] ;]jfnfO{ tLj| ¿kdf lj:tf/ ul//x]sf] cj:yf 5 . o;sf ;fy} ljleGg ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]un] klg xfdL xfd|f cfkmGtx¿sf ultljlwsf af/]df ck8]6 eO/fVg ;Sb5f}+ . ljZjdf eO/x]sf k|d'v 36gfx¿sf] hfgsf/L klg To:tf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf ;fwgx¿af6 ;lhn} xfdL;Dd cfOk'U5g\ . xfn ljZjdf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]un] dflg;df r]tgf a9fpg'sf ;fy} 7'nf kl/jt{gx¿ klg ;Dej eO;s]sf 5g\ . o;sf dfWodaf6} xfdLn] ;DaGw lj:tf/ ug{], l;sfOsf nflu ljifoj:t' k|fKt ug{ ;Sg'sf ;fy} cgnfOg sf];{x¿sf dfWodaf6 kf7 # ;"rgf / k|ljlw
207 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 3/}df a;]/ klg l8u|L xfl;n ug{ ;Sb5f}F . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf ;fwgsf ¿kdf xfdL lgDg ;fwgx¿sfaf/]df 5nkmn ug{] 5f}+ . s= dlN6ldl8of sDKo'6/ k|ljlw k|of]u u/L Plgd];g u/]/ cl8of], lel8of], lrq, rf6{x¿ cflbnfO{ ;~rf/ ug{] ljleGg k|ljlwsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ dlN6ldl8of elgG5 . of] ;"rgfsf] k|:t'tLs/0fsf] lgs} k|efjsf/L tl/sf xf] . o;df k|of]ustf{n] l8lh6n ;"rgfnfO{ k|jflxt ub{5 . lzIff, tflnd, Jofj;flos k|:t'tLs/0f, lj1fkg tyf 8s'd]G6«L cflbsf If]qdf dlN6ldl8ofsf] k|of]u lgs} x'g] u/]sf] 5 . dlN6ldl8ofsf] k|of]uaf6 xfdLn] ;lhn} ;"rgf / hfgsf/Lx¿ k|:t't ug{ ;S5f}+ eg] ljBfyL{ tyf lzIfsx¿n];d]t o;af6 ljleGg ;]jf;'ljwfx¿ lgMz'Ns k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5g\ . j]aSofd, l8lh6n Sofd/f, dfOqmf]kmf]g, k|f]h]S6/ cflb dlN6ldl8ofsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . v= cgnfOg va/ s'g} klg 5fkfsf] cgnfOg ¿k g} cgnfOg va/ xf] . o:tf] ;]jf cgnfOg dfq klg x'g ;S5 . klqsfx¿nfO{ cgnfOg ;+:s/0fdf hfFbf cGo k|;f/0f ;+:yfx¿;Fu k|lt:kwf{ ug{ ;lhnf] x'g'sf ;fy} a|]lsª ;dfrf/x¿ k|;f/0f ug{ klg ;xh ePsf] 5 . sltko lk|G6 ldl8ofx¿nfO{ cgnfOg ;]jfdf cfpFbf sfuh tyf 8]lne/Ldf nfUg] vr{klg sd ePsf] 5 eg] lj1fkg klg lk|G6df eGbf cgnfOgdf cfsif{s agfO{ /fVg ;lsG5 . k|foM ;a} lk|G6 ldl8ofx¿n] cfkm"nfO{ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf klg plQs} ¿kdf pkl:yt u/fPsf 5g\ . o;sf nflu pgLx¿n] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf k]hx¿ agfPsf 5g\ . o;/L x]bf{ xfnsf ;a}h;f] ;~rf/u[xx¿ s;/L a9L ;|f]tf;Dd k'Ug] / l56f]eGbf l56f] ;dfrf/ k|bfg ug{] k|lt:kwf{df 5g\ . lk|G6 ldl8ofdf h:t} cgnfOg ldl8ofx¿nfO{ klg Jojl:yt ug{ sfg'gsf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] x'G5 . g]kfndf xfn @#)) eGbf a9L cgnfOg ldl8ofx¿ /x]sf 5g\ eg] gofF ldl8ofx¿ klg plQs} cfO/x]sf 5g\ . o;n] c:j:y k|lt:kwf{ u/fO{ :jR5 / lgikIf kqsfl/tfsf] dd{dfly g} s'7f/f3ft ug{] ;Defjgf klg plQs} 5 . o;y{ ;/sf/n] hgtfsf] ;xL ;dfrf/af6 ;';"lrt x'g] s'/fsf] Uof/]G6L ug'{kb{5 . u= ;fdflhs ;~hfn OG6/g]6df cfwfl/t PlKns];gx¿ g} ;fdflhs ;~hfnx¿ x'g\ . logLx¿ sDKo'6/, Nofk6k, :df6{kmf]g, cfOKof8 tyf cfOkmf]gsf dfWodåf/f ;~rfng ug{ ;lsG5 .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 208 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t o;sf nflu k|of]ustf{n] cflwsfl/s PsfpG6 -vftf_ agfpg'kb{5 . To:tf] vftf ;~rfngsf nflu pgLx¿n] ;j{k|yd cfˆgf] JolQmut ljj/0f;lxtsf] ;"rgf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf eg'{kg{] x'G5 . o:tf ;~hfnaf6 ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug{, cl8of] lel8of] sn ug{, kmfOnx¿ k7fpg tyf k|fKt ug{;d]t ;lsG5 . km];a's, Dof;]Gh/, l6\j6/, l6s6s, OG:6fu|fd, Odf], :sfOk, efOa/ cflb o'jfdfem k|rlnt PlKns];gx¿ x'g\ . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf kmfObf ;"rgf k|ljlw cfhsf] o'usf x/]s dflg;x¿sf] cleGg cª\u alg;s]sf] 5 . o;sf kmfObfx¿ lgDgfg';f/ 5g\ M s= ljBfyL{x¿df 1fgsf] bfo/f km/flsnf] kfg{ ;3fpF5 . v= :jcWoogsf nflu ;fdu|L k|bfg ub{5 . u= ljBfyL{n] cgnfOg ;fdu|Lx¿sf] cWoog ug{] cj;/ kfpg'sf ;fy} cgnfOg 6]:6x¿ klg lbg kfpF5g\ . 3= k9]/, ;'g]/ tyf b]v]/ -o'6\o'a cflbdf_ l;lsg] ePsfn] l;sfO lr/:yfoL x'G5 . ª= ljleGg ;]jf;'ljwf pkef]u u/L ;do, ;|f]t / ;fwgsf] art ug{ ;lsG5 . r= 5f]6f] ;dodf g} hfgsf/L tyf ;"rgfx¿ lnglbg ;lsG5 . 5= ljZjsf h'g;'s} s'gfdf 5l/P/ /x]sf cfkmGt, ;fyLefO cflbnfO{ hf]8\b5 . h= lzIfs / ljBfyL{larsf] ef}lts b"/LnfO{ lgd"{n kfl/lbPsf] 5 . xfdL 3/}df a;]/ ljZjsf h'g;'s} ;+:yfaf6 cf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt ug{ ;Sb5f}+ . lqmofsnfk s= s] tkfO{Fn] slxNo} dlN6ldl8ofsf] k|fof]u ug'{ePsf] 5 < lsg < tkfO{F+sf] cg'ej sIffdf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ . v= tkfO{F+sf] 3/df ;"rgfsf ;fwgx¿ s] s] 5g\ < tL ;fwgx¿sf] Ps Ps cf]6f pkof]lutf;d]t n]Vg'xf];\ .
209 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & u= tkfO{F+sf] kl/jf/sf sf]xL ;b:o jf tkfO{F+sf cfkmGtx¿ b]zaflx/ x'g'x'G5 < tkfO{F+n] pxfFnfO{ s;/L ;Dks{ ug'{x'G5 < tkfO{Fsf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] klxn] klxn] s;/L 6f9fsf cfkmGtx¿nfO{ ;Dks{ ug'{x'GYof] < t'ngf ug'{xf];\ . cEof; tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . s= ;"rgf k|ljlw eg]sf] s] xf] < o;sf ;fwgx¿sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . v= dlN6ldl8of eg]sf] s] xf] < u= cgnfOg va/sf pkof]lutfx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . 3= ;fdflhs ;~hfn eg]sf] s] xf] < ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf pbfx/0fx¿ k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . ª= ljBfyL{ hLjgdf ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] s] dxŒj 5 < a'Fbfut ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ . kl/of]hgf sfo{ g]kfndf ;~rflnt s]xL cgnfOg va/sf dfWodx¿df k|sflzt ;dfrf/x¿ x]g'{xf];\ . ltgLx¿n] s'g s'g If]qsf ;dfrf/x¿ k|fyldstfsf ;fy 5fk]sf 5g\ < l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ / sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 210 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'?kof]uaf6 lglDtg] kl/0ffd ;DaGwdf sflGtk'/ b}lgsdf c;f]h @%, @)&* df k|sflzt ;dfrf/ k9f}+ x} t . k;f{ — ;fdflhs ;~hfnaf6 ;Dks{kl5 ef/tLo o'jssf] em'6f] k|]dhfndf k/]sL Ps o'jtLsf] ut ;f]daf/ jL/uGhaf6 p4f/ ul/of] . r]nLa]6L a]rlavglj?4 ;Ldfdf ;lqmo ;+:yf cfkmGt g]kfn, jL/uGh zfvfn] ;z:q k|x/Lsf] ;xof]udf g'jfsf]6 3/ ePsL @@ jifL{of o'jtLsf] p4f/ u/]sf] xf] . ef/t ljxf/ k"jL{ rDkf/0f e'nfxLsf ## sf d'Ggf cfndn] pgnfO{ ef/t nUb} ubf{ jL/uGh–!& cnf}+l:yt gfsfaf6 lgoGq0fdf lnOPsf] lyof] . cfndn] tL o'jtLnfO{ s]xL jif{b]lv km]s km];a's cfO8Laf6 lrghfg u/L k|]d hfndf kf/]sf lyP . ljjflxt cfnd tL o'jtL;Fu s'/f ubf{ cfkm" cljjflxt /x]sf] atfpFy] . pgn] tL o'jtL;Fu ljjfx ug]{ cfZjf;g lbFb} cfPsf lyP . o'jtL klg cfndn] kmf]gdfkm{t af]nfPkl5 e]6\gs} nflu sf7df8f}Faf6 lrtjg k'u]sL lyOg\ . To;kl5 b'j} hgf jL/uGh cfPsf lyP . cfndn] tL o'jtLnfO{ a'vf{ nufO{ s;}n] klg glrGg] u/L ;Ldf kf/ u/fpg nfu]sf lyP . olt eO;Sbf klg o'jtLnfO{ cfndsf] jf:tljs gfd;d]t yfxf lyPg . dflysf] ;dfrf/df cfnd eGg] JolQm ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u u/]/ Ps caf]w o'jtLnfO{ em'6f] ;kgf b]vfP/ g]kfnL ;Ldf s6fpg vf]Hbf kqmfp k/]sf 5g\ . of] 36gf xfd|f] ;dfhdf ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] unt k|fo]usf] Pp6f pbfx/0f xf] . o;/L nnfOkmsfO unt sfo{df nufpg], ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u u/]/ wDSofpg], ckdfg ug{], cZnLn ;fdu|Lx¿ k7fpg], c¿sf] kmf]6f]nfO{ km]6f];ksf] k|of]u u/L tf]8df]8 ug{] cflb h:tf lqmofsnfkn] ;dfhsf ljleGg JolQmx¿ cfqmfGt alg/x]sf 5g\ . oL ;a} ;fOa/ ck/fwsf pbfx/0f x'g\ . g]kfnsf] sfg'gn] o:tf unt lqmofsnfkx¿ ;fOa/ ck/fw x'g\ egL b08gLo dfg]sf] 5 . cem sltko dflg; t c¿sf gfddf vftf vf]Ng], sDKo'6/ Xofs ug{] / tYofÍx¿ rf]g{], OG6/g]6dfkm{t 7uL ug{] h:tf c;fdflhs lqmofsnfkdf ;+nUg x'g] u/]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . lg/Gt/sf] ;fOa/ cfqmd0f -;fOa/ a'lnOª\_af6 u|l;t eP/ sltko dflg; 6f]nfpg], Psf]xf]/f] x'g], kl/jf/af6 6f9} /xg vf]Hg] tyf cfTdxTof;d]t u/]sf pbfx/0fx¿ k|z:t} e]l6G5g\ . t;y{ ;fdflhs ;~hfndf x'g] c;fdflhs lqmofsnfkx¿af6 xfdL ;r]t gful/s 6f9} /xg'kb{5 . s;}n] o:tf lqmofsnfkx¿ ug{ nfu]sf] yfxf kfPdf tTsfn} kf7 $ ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]u / ;r]tgf
211 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & k|x/Ldf hfgsf/L lbg'kb{5 . ;"rgf k|ljlwsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ plrt 9ª\un] k|of]u ug{ ;s] dfq o;af6 x'g] nfex¿ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 . ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]u ubf{ ckgfpg'kg]{ ;'/Iff pkfox¿ != ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]u ug}{kg]{ ePsf cleefjssf] ;xof]u lng] . @= alnof] / c¿n] ;lhn} yfxf kfpg g;Sg] kf;j8{sf] k|of]u ug]{ . #= ckl/lrt JolQmx¿;Fu 6f9} /xg] . $= cgnfO{g lnª\sx¿ lSns ubf{ ;fjwfg x'g] . %= cfºgf] a|fph/, ck/]l6ª l;:6d / ;km\6j]o/nfO{ ;'/lIft / ck6'8]6 (up to date) /fVg] . ^= s;}n] wDsL, pTkL8g jf b'Mv lbPdf cfk"meGbf 7'nf jf k|x/LsxfF l/kf]6{ ug]{ . &= ;fdflhs ;~hfn k|of]u ul/;s]kl5 nucfp6 ug{ ge'Ng] . lqmofsnfk s= tLg cf]6f ;d"xdf sfd ug'{xf];\ . Pp6f ;d"xn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]uaf6 x'g] kmfObfx¿, csf{] ;d"xn] o;sf a]kmfObfx¿ / t];|f] ;d"xn] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] plrt k|of]u s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]af/] 5nkmn u/L lgisif{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . v= s] ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] k|of]un] JolQmsf] JolQmut, kfl/jfl/s tyf ;fdflhs hLjgdf c;/ kb{5 < s;/L < cEof; tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ . s= ;fOa/ ck/fw eg]sf] s] xf] < v= ;fOa/ ck/fwaf6 aRg s] ug'{kb{5 < u= ;fdflhs ;~hfnnfO{ cfˆgf] kmfObfsf nflu s;/L k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 < 3= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] b'?kof]usf c;/x¿ n]Vg'xf];\ . ª= ;fdflhs ;~hfn w]/} k|of]u ul//xg] tkfO{F+sf] ;fyLnfO{ o;sf kmfObf, a]kmfObf / plrt k|of]usf ;DaGwdf plrt ;'emfjx¿ lbg'xf];\ . r= ;fdflhs ;~hfnsf] ;'/lIft k|of]u s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 < ;fd'bflos sfo{ kqklqsfx¿ x]g'{xf];\ . ;fOa/ ck/fw;Fu ;DalGwt ;dfrf/x¿ vf]Hg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 212 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t s= a]df};dL jiff{n] wfgafnL gi6 a]df};dsf] jiff{n] d'n'ssf ;ft} k|b]zdf * ca{ @^ s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] wfgafnL Iflt ePsf] 5 . af9L tyf 8'afgsf sf/0f # nfv @% xhf/ d]l6«s6g eGbf a9L wfg ;vfk ePsf] 5 . s[lif tyf kz'kG5L ljsf; dGqfnosf cg';f/ *% xhf/ % ;o *) x]S6/ If]qkmndf nufOPsf] wfgafnL k"0f{ ¿kdf Iflt ePsf] 5 . cf+lzs IfltnfO{;d] t hf]8\bf @ nfv *% xhf/ x]S6/eGbf a9L If]qkmnsf] wfgafnL k|efljt ePsf] 5 . jiff{sf sf/0f ;a}eGbf a9L n'lDagL k|b]zdf / sd Iflt jfUdtLdf k'u]sf] 5 . n'lDagLsf slknj:t', afFs] / ¿kGb]xL lhNnfdf nufOPsf] afnL gi6 ePsf] 5 . of] $ ca{ %! s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/sf] Iflt xf] . ;'b"/klZrd If]qdf !* xhf/ x]S6/ If]qkmndf nufOPsf] wfgafnLdWo] nueu ^* xhf/ $ ;o d]l6«s6g wfg gi6 ePsf] 5 . oxfF s}nfnL / s~rgk'/sf s[ifs a9L k|efljt ePsf 5g\ . oL b'O{ lhNnf wfgafnLsf nflu ks]6 If]q dflgG5g\ . To:t} k|b]z Pssf emfkf, df]/ª / ;'g;/Ldf a9L k|efj k/]sf] 5 . dw]; k|b]zsf ;Kt/L, l;/xf / ;nf{xL lhNnfdf a9L k|efj k/]sf] 5 . To;}u/L s0ff{nL k|b]zsf ljleGg lhNnfdf @@ xhf/ @ ;o x]S6/df nufOPsf] wfgafnL k|efljt ePsf] 5 . oxfF 8f]Nkf, h'Dnf, ;'v{]t / ;Nofgsf ls;fg a9L kLl8t ePsf 5g\ . To:t} u08sL k|b]zcGtu{t :ofªhf, sf:sL / gjnk/f;Lsf] wfgafnLdf g/fd|f] Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . ;f] k|b]zdf $ xhf/ % ;o d]l6«s6geGbf a9L wfg gi6 ePsf] 5 . ;a}eGbf sd Iflt ePsf] jfUdtL k|b]zdf % o; #) x]S6/ hldgdf @ xhf/ d]l6«s6geGbf a9L wfg gi6 ePsf] 5 . g]kfndf o; jif{ !% nfv x]S6/ If]qdf wfgafnL nufOPsf] lyof] . wfg /f]Kg] ;dodf df};d /fd|f] ePsf sf/0f nueu (* k|ltztsf] xf/fxf/Ldf /f]kfOF ePsf] lyof] . kf7 % ;d;fdlos ultljlw / 36gfx¿
213 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & v= sf]/f]gfsf sf/0f ;ª\qmldt x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof @% s/f]8 gf£of] rLgsf] a'xfgaf6 ;g\ @)!( df ;'? ePsf] sf]/f]gf eO/;sf sf/0f ljZje/ ;ª\qmldt x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof @% s/f]8 gf3]sf] 5 . ;dfrf/ ;+:yf /f]o6;{sf cg';f/ gf]e]Da/ *, @)@! ;Dddf ;ª\qmldt x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof olt k'u]sf] xf] . kl5Nnf] ;do ljZjsf s]xL b]zdf ;ª\qmd0f b/ 36] klg 8]N6f e]l/oG6sf sf/0f k"jL{ o'/f]kdf eg] ;ª\qmd0f al9/x]sf] 5 . /f]o6;{sf] ljZn]if0fcg';f/ kl5Nnf tLg dlxgfdf b}lgs ;ª\qmd0f #^ k|ltztn] 36]sf] 5 . ptf ljZj :jf:Yo ;ª\u7gsL Ps ;+ª\qmfds /f]u ljz]if1sf cg';f/ ;g\ @)@@ sf] cGTo ;Dddf sf]/f]gf lgoGq0f x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf /x]sf] atfPsL 5g\ . ;+;f/sf @)) eGbf a9L b]zx¿dWo] ;a}eGbf a9L ;ª\qmldt cd]l/sfdf /x]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf $ s/f]8 ^$ nfveGbf a9L ;ª\qmldt ePsf lyP . ;+;f/e/ sf]/f]gf efO/;sf sf/0f d[To' x'g]sf] ;ª\Vof %) nfv $( xhf/ /x]sf] 5 . ;a}eGbf a9L cd]l/sfdf g} & nfv $( xhf/ hgfsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . xfn;fn} ;+;f/el/ g} sf]/f]gflj?4sf] vf]ksf] cleofg rn]sf] 5 . u= ljZjsf nf]slk|o g]tf g/]Gb| df]bL gofFlbNnL M ef/tLo k|wfgdGqL ljZjs} ;aeGbf a9L nf]slk|o ;/sf/ k|d'vdWo] klxnf] :yfgdf k/]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sL cg';Gwfg ;+:yf …dlg{ª sG;N6Ú n] u/]sf] ;j]{If0fdf df]bL klxnf] ePsf x'g\ . k|wfgdGqL df]bLn] cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hf] afO8]g, hd{gLsf rfG:n/ PGh]nf ds]{nnufotnfO{ kl5 kfb}{ klxnf] ePsf x'g\ . pgn] d"Nofª\sgdf &) k|ltzt k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . ;jf{lws nf]slk|o g]tfsf] bf];|f] :yfgdf d]lS;sf]sf /fi6«klt cfGb|]; Dofg'Pn nf]k] h cf]a|f8f]/ /x]sf 5g\ . pgn] ^^ k|ltzt d"Nofª\sg cª\s k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . To:t} O6fnLsf k|wfgdGqL dfl/of] 8«fuLn] %* k|ltzt k|fKt ub}{ t];|f] ePsf 5g\ . hd{gLsL rfG:n/ PGh]nf ds]{nn] %$ k|ltzt cª\s k|fKt ubf{ c:6«]lnofsf k|wfgdGqL :s6 d]l/;gn] $& cª\s k|fKt u/] .
cf]Pl;; ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff – & 214 kf7\oqmd ljsf; s]Gb|af6 :jLs[t cd]l/sL /fi6«klt hf] afO8]g eg] #$$ k|ltzt cª\s k|fKt ub}{ 5}6f}F :yfgdf /x]sf 5g\ . lqmofsnfk s= kqklqsfx¿ x]g'{xf];\ jf /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgdf ;dfrf/ ;'Gg'xf];\ / ;+;f/sf d'Vo ultljlwx¿ l6kf]6 u/L sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ . v= ;d;fdlos ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt xflh/Lhjfkm sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ug'{xf];\ . u= s'g} b'O{ cf]6f ;d;fdlos 36gf n]vL To;sf] k|efj;d]t pNn]v ug'{xf];\ . 3= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifosf ljBfyL{x¿n] ;d;fdlos ljifosf] hfgsf/L lsg /fVg'kb{5 < sIffdf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . ª= kqklqsf OG6/g]6, /]l8of] h:tf ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] lgoldt k|of]u u/L dxŒjk"0f{ :yfgLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o 36gf / ltgsf ldlt ;ª\sng u/L ;fKtflxs ¿kdf sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .