j}v/L sIff % 197 af]nfO != :yfgLo ¿kdf k|rlnt s'g} nf]suLt sIffsf ;a} ljBfyL{ ldn]/ ufpg'xf];\ . To; uLtdf p:t} ;'lgg] zAbhf]8L s'g s'g 5g\, atfpg'xf];\ . @= tkfO{Fsf] jl/kl/ kfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ s] s] 5g\ < atfpg'xf];\ / s'g} Pp6f ;|f]tsf] lrq klg agfpg'xf];\ M #= xfdL kfgL s'g s'g sfdsf nflu k|of]u u5f}{F < 5nkmn u/L atfpg'xf];\ . $= kfgL h:t} dxŒjk"0f{ cGo k|fs[lts j:t'x¿ s] s] x'g\ < sIffdf 5nkmn u/L c¿ tLg cf]6f j:t'x¿sf] gfd eGg'xf];\ . tL lsg dxŒjk"0f{ 5g\, sf/0f klg atfpg'xf];\ .
198 j}v/L sIff % – /fdafa' ;'j]bL ;fu/h:t} ulx/f] aG5' † sfsfs'n Tof] kfgL gkfO{ s7} † ;'s]sf cf]7 rkfO{ kf]Vb5 jgdf lj/xL uLt nfp“5' ldt kfgL † t“l;t . o} kfgLn] ;kmf d x'G5' o} kfgLn] n'uf d w'G5' ef“8fat{g r6\6 kvfN5' kmf]xf]/ kfgL aflx/ kmfN5' . ;fu/h:t} ulx/f] aG5' gbL au]em}“ d alu/xG5' hDg' k/]kl5 hDb5' x]/ cfºg} k]mjftfn ag]/ . k9fO kfgL–! 198 j}v/L sIff %
j}v/L sIff % 199 kfgL–@ – /fdafa' ;'j]bL ldq agfP sf] aGb}g < afbnn] g} cl;gf kf5{ la?jf df5{, kmnk"mn emf5{ t}klg afbn a}u'gL x}g u'lgnf] dfq} sf]xL x'“b}g . ;fu/ x]/ 5fn prfnL tL/sf a:tL rf6\b5 vfln t}klg ;fu/ zq' x}g zq' agfP sf] aGb}g † gx/ agfP aUb5 kfgL s'jf vgfP hDb5 kfgL htf nu] klg ef] eGb}g ldq agfP sf] aGb}g < j}v/L sIff % 199
200 j}v/L sIff % k9fO / n]vfO != dflysf] sljtf lgDgfg';f/ ult, olt / no ldnfP/ jfrg ug'{xf];\ . -s_ klxnf] ;a}n] ldn]/ -v_ To;kl5 b'O{tLg hgf -Pp6} a]Grdf a:g]_ ldn]/ -u_ cGTodf PSnfPSn} @= sljtf k9L vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf];\ / sljtf k"/f ug'{xf];\ M s_ sfsfs'n ÒÒÒÒ kfgL ÒÒÒÒÒÒ s7} † ÒÒÒÒÒÒcf]7 ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ jgdf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ nfpF5' ÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL † ÒÒÒÒÒÒ . v_ afbnn] g} ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ la?jf ÒÒÒÒÒÒ, kmnkm"nÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ afbn ÒÒÒÒÒÒ x}g u'lgnf] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ x'Fb}g . #= l7s pQ/df /]hf nufpg'xf];\ M -s_ sfsfs'nn] s:tf] uLt ufpF5 < -c_ dfofk|Lltsf] uLt -cf_ lj/xsf] uLt -v_ kfgL Ps} 7fpF hDof] eg] s] aG5 < -c_ tfn aG5 -cf_ d"lt{ aG5 -u_ afbnn] s] df5{ < -c_ kmnkm"n df5{ -cf_ la?jf df5{ -3_ ;fu/n] slxn]sfxLF s] u5{ < -c_ cfsfzaf6 kfgL kf5{ -cf_ tL/sf a:tL aufpF5
j}v/L sIff % 201 $= tnsf] vfnL 7fpFdf gbL, gbLaf6 gx/ jf s'nf] nu]sf] / To;n] v]tsf l;FrfO u/]sf] lrq agfpg'xf];\ M %= dflysf] sljtfaf6 p:t} ;'lgg] 5 hf]8L p:t} ;'lgg] zAx¿ l6Kg'xf];\ . tL hf]8L zAbdWo] b'O{ hf]8L zAbaf6 no ldNg] u/L sljtf+z n]Vg'xf];\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ^= tnsf] lrqx¿ x]g'{xf];\ . To;nfO{ hLjg rqmsf qmddf !,@, # / $ lbg'xf];\ M nfef{ -e'm;'nls/f_ k'tnL k'tnLsf] cG8f Ko'kf -ss'g_
202 j}v/L sIff % &= uBdf ¿kfGt/0f ug'{xf];\ M -s_ nfpF5' ldt kfgL tFl;t . kfgL, tFl;t ldt nfpF5' . -v_ tL/sf a:tL rf6\t5 vfln . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ gx/ agfP aU5 kfgL . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ s'jf vgfP hDb5 kfgL . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ *= kfgL– @ sljtfsf] klxnf] Znf]s ;'g]/ n]Vg'xf];\ . (= tnsf] cj:yfkl5 s] x'g ;S5 < k"jf{g'dfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M -s_ tLgrf/b]lv nuftf/ kfgL kl//x\of] eg] -v_ nfdf] ;do;Dd kfgL k/]g eg] -u_ jghª\un gfz x'Fb} uof] eg] -3_ k[YjLdf clt udL{ eof] eg] -ª_ k[YjLdf Hofb} lr;f] eof] eg] !)= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M -s_ sfsfs'nn] kfgL gkfpFbf jgdf s:tf] uLt ufpF5 < -v_ kfgLn] s] s] ;kmf ug{ ldN5 < -u_ kfgL hDg' k/]kl5 s;/L hDb5 < -3_ cl;gfn] s]s:tf] lauf/ u5{ < -ª_ ;fu/n] s;/L tL/sf a:tL rf6\b5 < -r_ kfgLnfO{ htf nu] klg s] eGb}g < !!= tnsf kª\lStsf] JofVof ug'{xf];\ M -s_ sfsfs'n Tof] kfgL gkfO{ s7} † ;'s]sf cf]7 rkfO{ kf]Vb5 jgdf lj/xL uLt nfpF5' ldt kfgL † tFl;t .
j}v/L sIff % 203 zAbe08f/ != tnsf zAb pRrf/0f ug'{xf];\ / sfkLdf ;fg'{xf];\ M sfsfs'n, lj/xL, efF8fat{g, km]jftfn, afbn, cl;gf, a}u'gL, 5fn @= l7s cy{df uf]nf] 3]/f - _ nufpg'xf];\ M -s_ kfgL lkpgsf nflu afbndf e/ kg]{ kG5LnfO{ s] elgG5 < -c_ sfu -cf_ sfsfs'n -O_ sf]OnL -v_ lj/xL uLt eg]sf] s] xf] < -c_ ljof]usf] uLt -cf_ d]nldnfksf] uLt -O_ kfgLsf] uLt -u_ efF8fat{g eg]sf] s] xf] < -c_ efF8f dfem]sf] kfgL -cf_ efF8fdf xfn]sf] kfgL -O_ efF8fs'F8f -3_ kf]v/fdf /x]sf] k|l;4 tfnsf] gfd s] xf] < -c_ /f/ftfn -cf_ km]jftfn -O_ tfnga]tfn -ª_ kfgL kbf{ emg]{ a/kmsf 8NnfnfO{ s] elgG5 . -c_ afbn -cf_ tfn -O_ cl;gf -r_ gbLsf] 5]pnfO{ s] elgG5 < -c_ tL/ -cf_ d"n -O_ ;fu/ -5_ v]tLdf kfgL nufpg agfPsf] 7'nf] s'nf]nfO{ s] elgG5 < -c_ vf]nf] -cf_ k'n -O_ gx/ #= p:t} cy{ cfpg] zAb kf7af6 vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf];\ M hª\un ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ d]3 ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ sk8f ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ b':dg ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;d'b| ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;fyL ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒ $= kf7df tLg hf]8L ljk/Lt cy{ lbg] zAb 5g\ . vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf];\ M h:t}M ;kmf–kmf]xf]/ %= p:t} ;'lgg] c¿ b'O{ zAb cfkm}“ n]Vg'xf];\ M -s_ kfgL gfgL ;fgL ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ uLt ldt l;t ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ x'G5' eG5' ;'G5' ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ x]/ km]/ 6]/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ kf5{ df5{ ;f5{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
204 j}v/L sIff % != tnsf] tflnsfaf6 cf7 cf]6f jfSo agfpg'xf];\ M /d]z /ldnf s]6f] 5f]/L :s'n ahf/df uof] uO{ a:of] a;L @= tnsf jfSo z'4 kf/L ;fg'{xf];\ M -s_ 5f]/fn] sljtf n]vL . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ alxgL ahf/ uof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ sfG5L 3/df a:5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ efGhf ;a}nfO{ xF;fpFl5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= jrg;ª\ult ldnfO{ k'gn]{vg ug'{xf];\ M -s_ pgLx¿n] eft vfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ alxgLx¿ ahf/ uO{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ d sIffsfo{ u5f}{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ s]6fn] b'Mv kfP5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ pm ;a};Fu ldn]/ a:5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ $= tnsf] kf7af6 x|:j Osf/ - l _ nfu]sf bz cf]6f / bL3{ Osf/ - L _ nfu]sf rf/ cf]6f zAb l6Kg'xf];\ . d]/f] b]z g]kfn ;+;f/s} ;aeGbf ;'Gb/ b]z xf] . oxfF afx|} dlxgf xfFl;/xg] lxdfnx¿ 5g\ . t/]nL k/]sf xl/of kxf8x¿ 5g\ . cGgsf] e08f/sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] dlnnf] t/fO{ 5 . ;ª\nf] kfgL alu/xg] gbLgfnf 5g\ . kl/>dL dfG5]x¿ ePsf cg]s ufpFx¿ 5g\ / cg]s ;x/x¿ 5g\ . ljleGg hfthfltsf t/ ldn]/ a;]sf afl;Gbfx¿ 5g\ . To;}n] of] b]z :ju{ h:t} ;'Gb/ 5 . Jofs/0f / j0f{ljGof;
j}v/L sIff % 205 ;d"xdf efiff != rf/ rf/ hgfsf] ;d"x aGg'xf];\ . ca x/]s ;d"xdf 5nkmn u/L xfdL afnaflnsfx¿ cfºg} 1fgn] s]s:tf ultljlw ug{ ;S5f}F eGg] s'/f n]Vg'xf];\ M xfdLn] cfºg} 1fgn] ug{ ;Sg] lqmofsnfk -s_ xfdL udnfdf kfgL xfNg ;S5f}F . -v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tLg tLg hgfsf] ;d"x aGg'xf];\ . ca tnsf] sf]7]kbaf6 g]kfnsf gbLx¿, lxdfnx¿ / ljleGg 7fp“x¿sf] gfd vf]h]/ 3]/f] nufpg'xf];\ . To;kl5 tL gfdx¿ vfnL 7fpFdf ;fg'{xf];\ M lqz"nL ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ bz ldg]6df s'g ;d"xn] ;aeGbf a9L gfdx¿ e]6\of] < s sf] ;L ;L af af nf h' 0ff{ nL / ; d] tf] gf gf nL ;f lq u sf] rL /f kf] z" z" s / l/ e] o v nL g Gsf df of /L 0fL /f b] / O{ yf d sf] xf hf df 5f k' 5]« sf a g] kf wf} nf lu l/ n' w /f g
206 j}v/L sIff % l;h{gf÷n3' kl/of]hgf != kxf8, hª\un, xfjf, km"n cflb -kfgLafx]s_ s'g} Ps zLif{sdf sDtLdf 5 kª\lStsf] sljtf n]vL sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= …kfgLsf] pkof]lutfÚ zLif{sdf rfln;krf; zAbsf] Pp6f cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf];\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
j}v/L sIff % 207 O{iof{sf] kmn kf7– !%
208 j}v/L sIff % km:6fpg' M k}mng'Ù ;k|g'Ù ljsl;t x'g' km;fpg' M hfndf kfg'{Ù e'mSofpg' jf wf]sf lbg' lgk'0f M l;kfn' dxf]bo M cfk"meGbf 7'nf JolStnfO{ cfb/k"j{s ul/g] ;Daf]wgÙ dxfzo r'gf}tL M xf“sÙ nnsf/ lj1fkg M ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g] u/L lbOPsf] ljz]if ;"rgf aaf{bL M ljgfzÙ etfe'ª\u laTof; kg'{M aaf{bLdf kg'{ rf}k6\6} M cToGt}Ù la56\6} zAb / cy{
j}v/L sIff % 209 k"j{k7g õ tnsf gfdn] s:tf] k];f Joj;fonfO{ hgfp“5 < s'dfn] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ wf]aL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 8fS6/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lzIfs M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ l;sdL{ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kqsf/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ OlGhlgo/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
210 j}v/L sIff % ;'gfO != !% ;'g]/ tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M -s_ lah'{nfO{ lsg …/s]6Ú elgGYof] < -v_ lah'{df s:tf] 3dG8 lyof] < -u_ bf}8df /f]xgafx]s c¿n] efu glng'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] < -3_ lah'{n] bf}8sf] tof/L gug'{sf] sf/0f s] lyof] < -ª_ s'g s'/fn] ;a}nfO{ rlst t'Nofof] < -r_ !% n] s:tf] lzIff lbG5 < atfpg'xf];\ . @= !% ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf] zAb ;xL 9ª\un] pRrf/0f ug'{xf];\ M k|ltof]lutf k|yd jflif{s sfo{qmd ljBfno #= !% k|of]u ePsf tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb :d/0f u/L n]Vg'xf];\ M rfF8f] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ klxn] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kf7zfnf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ cledfg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ a]nf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ lzio M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
j}v/L sIff % 211 af]nfO != tnsf lrqx¿ s'g s'g hfqf jf kj{;Fu ;Dalwt 5g\ < 5nkmn u/L atfpg'xf];\ M @= tkfO{Fsf] 3/5]pdf /x]sf] s'g} wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts :ynsf af/]sf sIffdf atfpg'xf];\ . #= tkfO{Fn] hfgLghfgL u/]sf rsrsx¿ s] s] 5g\ < sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;'gfpg'xf];\ . ;fyLn] u/]sf rsrs;Fu cfºgf rsrs bfFHg'xf];\ . $= c¿;Fu ldn]/ ul/g] sfo{nfO{ ;xsfo{ elgG5 . tkfO{F cfºgf ;fyLx¿;Fu s] s] ;xsfo{ ug'{x'G5 < atfpg'xf];\ .
212 j}v/L sIff % O{iof{sf] kmn Ps lbg df]tLnfnn] s'ndfgnfO{ km;fpg] uf]Ko of]hgf agfof] / ufp“sf] gfOs]sxf“ uof] . s'g} 7fp“df df]tLnfn eGg] dfG5] a:tYof] . pm df6fsf ef“8fs'“8f agfpg Hofb} l;kfn' lyof] . df]tLnfn;Fu} s'ndfg eGg] dfG5] klg a:tYof] . pm hlt;'s} kmf]xf]/ / k'/fgf] sk8f klg gof“h:t} x'g] u/L w'g ;SYof] . pgLx¿ b'j}sf] Joj;fo km:6fPsf] lyof] . t/ df]tLnfn rflx“ s'ndfgsf] Jofkf/ cfÎgf]eGbf /fd|f] rn]sf] 7fGYof] / O{iof{ uYof]{ . d]/f] Pp6f ;fgf] lgj]bg 5 dxf]bo † Tof] s] eg] d]/f] l5d]sL s'ndfg cfÎgf] sfddf Hofb} lgk'0f 5 . tfklg d p;sf] Joj;fodf ;xof]u ug{ rfxG5' . dxf]bo † pm d]/f] l5d]sL xf] . p;sf] enf] xf];\ eGg] rfxg' klg Pp6f c;n l5d]sLsf] st{Jo xf]Og / < df]tLnfn efO † ltdL s] eGg rfxG5f} < clg s'ndfgsf] Joj;fo;“u ltd|f] s] ;DaGw 5 t <
j}v/L sIff % 213 pm cfÎgf] sfddf Hofb} lgk'0f 5 eGg] t ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 . ca xh'/n] o:tf] Pp6f cj;/ lbg'k¥of] ls To;n] p;sf] Jofkf/ s}of}“ u'gf a9fpg ;sf];\ . ltd|f] dtna < xh'/n] p;nfO{ cfÎgf] xfQLsf] z/L/df Pp6} klg bfu g/xg] u/L w'g] r'gf}tL lbg'k¥of] . o; sfddf pm ;kmn eof] eg] p;sf] t b]ze/ g} lj1fkg x'G5 / p;sf] Jofkf/ b; u'gf a9\5 . l7s 5 † d ltd|f] lgj]bgpk/ ljrf/ u?“nf . vfnf;\ s'ndfg † ca t]/f] aaf{bLsf lbg ;'? eP . clg s'ndfgn] s] eGof] xh'/ < s]xL lbgkl5 gfOs]n] ToxL df]tLnfnnfO{ cfÎgf] 3/df af]nfP/ eGof] . d}n] ltd|f] lgj]bgsf af/]df s'ndfg;“u s'/f u/]“ † ltdL p;sf] enf] x'g] s] ug{ rfxG5f} t < df]tLnfn cfÎgf] of]hgf ;kmn x'g cf“6]sfdf bª\u kb}{ cfÎgf] 3/ kmSof]{ . xh'/sf] hf] ljrf/ †
214 j}v/L sIff % d t p;nfO{ ;w}“e/ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5' lg † ltdLnfO{ yfx} 5 . s'g} lrhnfO{ ;kmf ug'{cufl8 s'ndfgn] To;nfO{ ;fa'gkfgL ePsf] lrlgof“ df6fsf ef“8fdf /fVg] u5{ . s'ndfg;“u xfQL c6\g] df6fsf] 7'nf] ef“8f] /x]g5 . t/ p;nfO{ ltdL;“u df6fsf h:tf;'s} ef“8f agfpg] l;k 5 eGg] kSsf ljZjf; /x]5 . To;}n] ltdLn] xfQL c6fpg] alnof] ef“8f] agfOlbP pm d]/f] r'gf}tL dfGg tof/ 5 . s] ltdL of] sfd ug{ ;S5f} < n † ca laTof; k¥of] . sxf“ xfQL c6\g] ef“8f] agfpg ;Sg' < k]ml/ ;lStg“ eg"“ eg] d]/} abgfdL x'G5 / d]/f] Jofkf/ t rf}k6\6} eOxfN5 . c“¬ x'G5 xh'/, x'G5 <† s'ndfg t cfºgf] enf] lrtfPsfdf ltdLb]lv cToGt v';L eof], t/ ltd|f] ljrf/nfO{ k"/f ug{ pm;“u Pp6f ;d:of /x]5 . Tof] ;d:of ltdL h:t} l;kfn' dflg;n] rfx]df ;lhn} 6'ª\uf] nfUg] p;sf] ljrf/ 5 . s] ltdL p;nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ tof/ 5f} < p;nfO{ aaf{b ug]{ of] emg\ c;n df}sf xf]. lsg ;xof]u gug]{ < -df]tLnfnn] dgdg} ;f]Rof] ._
j}v/L sIff % 215 dlxgf}“ nufP/ df]tLnfnn] xfQL c6fpg] ef“8f] tof/ kfl/lbof] . clg gfOs]sxf“ ePsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] xfQL lemsfOof] . ef“8fdf xf]l;of/Lk"js{ ;fa'gkfgL /flvof] . s'ndfg cfÎgf] a'?; / cGo cf}hf/x¿;lxt xfQLnfO{ bfu g/xg] u/L w'g tof/ eof] . xfQLnfO{ Pp6f kmn]ssf] ;xfotfn] ef“8fleq k;fpg nluof] . t/ sxf“sf] df6fsf] ef“8f] / sxf“sf] Toqf] 7'nf] xfQL † xfQL r9\bfr9\b} Tof] df6fsf] ef“8f] k'ml6xfNof] . clg lk“mh}lk“mh ePsf] kfgLsf] af9L g} aUof] . lar/f] s'dfn]sf] dlxgf}“sf] ldlxg]t xhf/ 6'qmf eof] . ca gfOs]n] s] eGg] xf]nfg\ egL ;a} bz{sx¿ ;f; bafP/ ple/x]. df]tLnfnn] xQkQ aflx/ lg:Sof] / To;kl5 pm To; 7fp“df slxNo} b]vf k/]g . df]tLnfn sxf“ uof], of] s'/f s;}nfO{ /fd|/L yfxf ePg . t/ pm Hofb} g} 6f9f uPsf] lyof] . x'G5 xh'/ † d tof/ kfl/lbG5' . d]/f] xfQL g'xfpg tof/ 5 . s'ndfg klg xfQLnfO{ bfu g/xg] u/L w'g] Ifdtfsf] k|bz{g ug{ klv{/x]sf] 5 . s] ltdL 3/ uP/ csf]{ o:t} ef“8f] agfOlbG5f}< c;Dej † t/ ca s] ug]{ <
216 j}v/L sIff % k9fO / n]vfO != dflysf] lrqsyf k|:6 cfjfhdf k9\g'xf];\ . @= tnsf] kf7 dgdg} k9\g'xf];\ / ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ M dlxgf}“ nufP/ df]tLnfnn] xfQL c6fpg] ef“8f] tof/ kfl/lbof] . clg gfOs]sxf“ ePsf] ;a}eGbf 7'nf] xfQL lemsfOof] . ef“8fdf xf]l;of/Lk"js{ ;fa'gkfgL /flvof] . s'ndfg cfºgf] a'?; / cGo cf}hf/x¿;lxt xfQLnfO{ bfu g/xg] u/L w'g tof/ eof] . xfQLnfO{ Pp6f kmn]ssf] ;xfotfn] ef“8fleq k;fpg nluof] . t/ sxf“sf] df6fsf] ef“8f] / sxf“sf] Toqf] 7'nf] xfQL † xfQL r9\bfr9\b} Tof] df6fsf] ef“8f] k'ml6xfNof] . clg lk“mh}lk“mh ePsf] kfgLsf] af9L g} aUof] . lar/f] s'dfn]sf] dlxgf}“sf] ldlxg]t xhf/ 6'qmf eof] . ca gfOs]n] s] eGg] xf]nfg\ egL ;a} bz{sx¿ ;f; bafP/ ple/x] . #= kf7 k9L pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M -s_ dflysf] lrqsyfdf slt hgf kfqx¿ 5g\ < kfqsf gfd;d]t eGg'xf];\ . -v_ dflysf] lrqsyfdf slt cf]6f lrq 5g\ < -u_ dflysf] lrqsyfdf df]tLnfn / s'ndfgn] slt k6s af]n]sf 5g\ < -3_ tkfO{Fsf] ljrf/df dflysf] lrqsyfdf ;aeGbf dxŒjk"0f{ 36gf s'g xf] < $= l7s eP l7s / a]l7s eP ;RofP/ ;fg'{xf];\ M s_ df]tLnfn df6fsf efF8fs'F8f agfpg Hofb} l;kfn' lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v_ df]tLnfn O{iof{n' :jefjsf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
j}v/L sIff % 217 u_ s'ndfgn] df]tLnfnnfO{ km;fpg] uf]Ko of]hgf agfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3_ ufpFsf gfOs]n] xfQL w'g 7'nf] efF8f] agfof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ª_ s'ndfg Hofb} 6f9f g} uPsf] lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= tnsf] cg'R5]b >'ltn]vg ug'{xf];\ M ltdLnfO{ yfx} 5 . s'g} lrhnfO{ ;kmf ug'{cufl8 s'ndfgn] To;nfO{ ;fa'gkfgL ePsf] lrlgof“ df6fsf ef“8fdf /fVg] u5{ . To; s'ndfg;“u xfQL c6\g] df6fsf] 7'nf] ef“8f] /x]g5 . t/ p;nfO{ ltdL;“u df6fsf h:tf;'s} ef“8f agfpg] l;k 5 eGg] kSsf ljZjf; /x]5 . To;}n] ltdLn] xfQL c6fpg] alnof] ef“8f] agfOlbP pm d]/f] r'gf}tL dfGg tof/ 5 . s] ltdL of] sfd ug{ ;S5f} < ^= pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M -s_ df]tLnfn / s'ndfg b'j}sf] Joj;fo lsg /fd|/L rn]sf] lyof] < -v_ df]tLnfn lsg ufpFsf gfOs]sxfF uof] < -u_ df]tLnfnn] ufpFsf gfOs]nfO{ s'ndfgsf af/]df s] eGof] < -3_ df]tLnfn lsg To; 7fpFdf k]ml/ slxNo} b]vf k/]g < -ª_ df]tLnfn / s'ndfgdf ltdL s;nfO{ dg k/fpF5f} < lsg < &= tnsf kfqx¿sf af/]df tLgrf/ jfSodf kl/ro lbg'xf];\ M -s_ df]tLnfn -v_ s'ndfg
218 j}v/L sIff % *= tnsf] lrq x]/L pko'St ;+jfb eg'{xf];\ M (= !, @, # ========== n]vL tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ syfj|mddf /fVg'xf];\ M - _ s'v'/fnfO{ Pp6f cG8f kfbf{ cfk"mn] ;fx|} 7'nf] sfd u/]h:tf] nfUof] . - _ s'g} 7fpFdf Pp6f s'v'/f] lyof] . - _ s'v'/f] cfk"m Pp6f cG8f kf/]sf] s'/f s's'/nfO{ ;'gfpg uof] . - _ To; s'v'/fn] Ps lbg Pp6f cG8f kf¥of] . - _ la/fnfsf klg tLg cf]6f ª\ofp/fx¿ /x]5g\ . - _ cf]y/fdf cG8f lyPg . - _ afv|fsf t cem rf/ cf]6f kf7fkf7L /x]5g\ . - _ To;kl5 la/fnfnfO{ ;'gfpg uof] . - _ la/fnfsf tLg cf]6f ª\ofp/f b]v]kl5 pm afv|fnfO{ ;'gfpg uof] . - _ ;'Fu'/sf t emg\ kfFr cf]6f a'Rrfa'RrL /x]5g\ . - _ To;kl5 pm cfˆg} cf]y/fdf kmSof]{ . - _ s's'/n] t b'O{ cf]6f 5fp/f kf] kfPsf] /x]5 . - _ cGTodf ;'Fu'/nfO{ d}n] 7'nf] sfd u/]F egL ;'gfpg uof] . - _ cG8f t k'm6]/ rNnf kf] eO;s]5 . - _ To;kl5 s'v'/fn] ;f]Rof], …deGbf w]/}w]/} sfd ug]{ c¿ k|f0fLx¿ /x]5g\ .Ú
j}v/L sIff % 219 zAbe08f/ != zAb / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M - _ s'ndfg -s_ k}mng'Ù ;k|g'Ù ljsl;t x'g' - _ df]tLnfn -v_ hfndf kfg'{Ù e'mSofpg' jf wf]sf lbg' - _ km:6fpg' -u_ cfk"meGbf 7'nf JolStnfO{ cfb/k"j{s ul/g] ;Daf]wgÙ dxfzo - _ lj1fkg -3_ df6fsf ef“8fs'“8f agfP/ hLljsf ug]{ JolSt - _ km;fpg' -ª_ n'ufsk8f wf]P/ hLljsf ug]{ JolSt - _ dxf]bo -r_ xf“sÙ nnsf/ - _ r'gf}tL -5_ ;a}nfO{ hfgsf/L x'g] u/L lbOg] ;"rgf @= tnsf 6'Ssf / ltgsf cy{lar hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M -s_ laTof; kg'{ a]OHht ug'{ -v_ sDd/ s:g' lxDdt ug'{Ù cfF6 ug'{ -u_ gfs sf6\g' aaf{bLdf kg'{ -3_ cfFvf v'Ng' r]Tg' -ª_ sfg ;dfTg' srsr ug'{ -r_ 6fpsf] vfg' a'l4 cfpg' #= tnsf zAbx¿ k9\g'xf];\ M ;dfj]zs zAb ;dfj]Zo zAb km"n u'nfa, ;okqL, rd]nL, uf]bfj/L, a'sL r/f sf]OnL, lra], 8fFkm], d}gf, ;f/f}F v]n km'6an, af:s]6an, r];, bf}8, xfO{hDk kmnkm"n cfFk, cDaf, ;'Gtnf, lnrL, :ofp $= tnsf ;dfj]zs zAbsf tLg tLg cf]6f ;dfj]Zo zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M -s_ 7fpF M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ gbL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ j[If M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ lxdfn M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
220 j}v/L sIff % Jofs/0f / j0f{ljGof; != tnsf ;j{gfd / lqmofsf] cfb/ ldnfO{ hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ / vfnL 7fpFdf ;fg'{xf];\ M -s_ t}Fn] k9\g'eof] . -s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -v_ ltdLn] kl9;\ . -v_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -u_ tkfO{Fn] k9\of} . -u_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -3_ pm k9\5g\ . -3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -ª_ pgL k9\g'x'G5 . -ª_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ -r_ pxfF k9\5 . -r_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= ldNg] lqmofkb 5fgL jfSo k"/f ug'{xf];\ M -s_ ltdL km'6an ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -v]N5f}÷v]N5;\_ -v_ pgL ahf/df ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -a:5÷a:5g\_ -u_ a'afn] lstfa ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -Nofpg'eof]÷Nofof]_ -3_ tkfO{F cf/fd ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -u5f}{÷ug'{x'G5_ -ª_ Tof] 1fgL ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -x'g'eof]÷eP5_ -r_ t}Fn] gofF syf ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ . -elg;\÷eGof}_ #= z'4 zAb rflxF vfnL 7fpFdf n]Vg'xf];\ M k"j{ e'6fg k'j{ e"6fg cb'jf e"ld cb"jf e'ld ce't sDKo"6/ ce"t sDKo'6/ s"df/ k'0f{ s'df/ k"0f{ $= rf/ cf]6f bL3{ psf/ - " _ nfu]sf zAb vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .
j}v/L sIff % 221 ;d"xdf efiff != tLg hgfsf] ;d"x aGg'xf];\ . ca x/]s ;d"xn] 5nkmn u/L ljBfyL{n] lgjf{x ug'{kg]{ kfFr cf]6f lhDd]jf/L / st{Jox¿ l6kf]6 ug'{xf];\ . pSt lhDd]jf/L / st{Josf] ;"rL x/]s ;d"xaf6 Ps hgfn] sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ M ljBfyL{sf lhDd]jf/L / st{Jox¿ != xfdLn] cfºgf] lstfasfkLsf] lxkmfht cfkm}Fn] ug'{k5{ . @= #= $= %= ^= @= tkfO{Fsf sIffdf 5 hgf ;fyLsf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ . pgLx¿nfO{ o; k':tsdf s'g kf7 ;aeGbf dg k¥of] < ;f]w]/ ;fyLnfO{ dg kg]{ kf7sf] gfd n]Vg'xf];\ M j|m=;= ;fyLsf] gfd ;fyLnfO{ dg kg]{ kf7sf] zLif{s != @= #= $= %= ^=
222 j}v/L sIff % l;h{gf÷n3' kl/of]hgf != …O{iof{sf] kmnÚ syfsf] df]tLnfn sxfF uof] xf]nf < df]tLnfnn] ToxfFaf6 uPkl5 u/]sf s]xL ;Deljt ultljlw agfpg'xf];\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= tkfO{Fn] cfºgf] ;fyL;Fu ldn]/ u/]sf] s'g} Pp6f sfdsf af/]df lr;rfln; zAb n]Vg'xf];\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
j}v/L sIff % 223 ;'gfO l;ksf nflu tof/ kfl/Psf kf7x¿ kf7 ! -:jb]zsf] dfof_ xfd|f] b]z g]kfn Pl;of dxfb]zdf cjl:yt 5 . o;sf] pQ/tkm{ rLg eGg] b]z / k"j{, blIf0f / klZrdtkm{ ef/t eGg] b]z 5g\ . o;sf] If]qkmn !,$&,%!^ ju{ lsnf]ld6/ 5 . o;sf] /fhwfgL ;x/sf] gfd sf7df8f}F xf] . oxfF ;+;f/sf] ;a}eGbf cUnf] lxdfn ;u/dfyf 5, h;sf] prfO **$*=*^ ld6/ 5 . @)&* ;fnsf] hgu0fgfcg';f/ o; b]zsf] hg;ª\Vof @,(!,(@,$*) /x]sf] 5 . oxL b]zdf zflGtsf b"t uf}td a'4sf] hGd ePsf] lyof] . kf7 @ -abnf_ csa/n] Ps lbg cfºgf b]zsf b[li6ljxLgx¿sf] ;"rL x]b}{ jL/annfO{ eg], æjL/an, xfd|f] b]zdf b[li6ljxLgx¿ t Hofb} yf]/} /x]5g\ lg †Æ jL/ann] eg], æ;/sf/ † Tof] t cfFvf gePsf dflg;x¿sf] dfq ;"rL xf] . cfFvf eP/ klg gb]Vg] b[li6ljxLgx¿ t xfd|f] b]zdf clt w]/} kf] 5g\ t .Æ csa/nfO{ jL/ansf] s'/f lrQ a'em]g / eg], æo:tf] xfjfbf/L s'/f gu/ g . cfFvf ePkl5 t b]lvxflnG5 lg †Æ jL/ann] csa/nfO{ hafkm lbP, æ;/sf/nfO{ clxn] d]/f] s'/f] xfjfbf/L nflu/x]5 t/ d of] s'/f l56\6} k|dfl0ft ug]{5' .Æ s]xL lbgkl5 jL/an cfu/fsf] Pp6f k|l;4 rf]sdf a;]/ u'Gb|L a'Gg yfn] . pgsf] o:tf] ultljlw b]v]/ ;a} hgf ;f]Wy], æjL/an, s] ul//x]sf] <Æ jL/an hafkm lbFb}gy] . pgL cfkm"nfO{ k|Zg ;f]Wg]x¿sf] gfd dfq l6lk/fVy] . jL/ansf] o:tf] rlt{snf csa/nfO{ klg yfxf eof] / pgL klg cfOk'u]/ ;f]w], æjL/an, ltdL s] ul//x]sf 5f} <Æ
224 j}v/L sIff % jL/ann] csa/sf] gfd klg n]v] / w]/} w]/} JolStx¿sf] gfdfjnL ePsf] lstfa csa/nfO{ b]vfpFb} eg], æd s] ub}{ 5' < b]Vg'ePg < u'Gb|L a'Gb} 5' lg † d}n] t eg]s} lyPF lg † oxfF cfFvf eP/ klg s]xL gb]Vg] w]/} b[li6ljxLgx¿ 5g\ . Tof] lstfa cfFvf eP/ klg s]xL gb]Vg]x¿sf] xf] . ;/sf/ klg t To:t}df kg'{x'Fbf] /x]5 lg †Æ jL/ansf] s'/fn] csa/ cSsgaSs eP . kf7 # -;~rf/sf] Oltxf;_ oftfoftsf lsl;d k|of]u / k|s[ltsf b[li6n] oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ df]6fdf]6L ¿kdf tLg k|sf/df afFl8G5– hn oftfoft, :yn oftfoft / xjfO{ oftfoft . gbL, tfn tyf ;d'b|x¿df ;~rfng ul/g] oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿nfO{ hn oftfoftsf ;fwg elgG5 . 8'ª\uf, kfgLhxfh, kg8'AaL, km]/L, l:6d/ cflb o; k|sf/sf ;fwg x'g\ . hldgdf u'8\g] jf rNg] ;fwgx¿ :yn oftfoft;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . ;fOsn, df]6/;fOsn, l/S;f, sf/, a;, 6«s, /]n cflb :yn oftfoft;Fu ;DalGwt 5g\ . o; k|sf/sf oftfoftsf ;fwgsf ¿kdf k|f0fLx¿nfO{ klg k|of]u ul/G5 . cfsfzdf p8\g] xjfOhxfh, x]lnsf]K6/, /s]6 cflb xjfO{ oftfoftsf ;fwgx¿ x'g\ . cfhsn t sltko ;fwgx¿ hn, :yn tyf cfsfz tLg} If]qdf ;~rfng x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf klg cfljisf/ ul/Psf 5g\ . kf7 $ -k|fwfgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg_ kf7zfnfsf] ;fKtflxs ultljlw d]/f] cu| efudf pleP/ dnfO{ ;'lg/xg'ePsf lk|o ;fyLx¿ Û d tkfO{Fx¿s} ;fyL nlntfsf] gd:sf/ Û cfh z'qmaf/, laxfgsf] ;f9] gf} alh;s]sf] 5 . To;}n] ;bf em}F cfh klg d d}qL kf7zfnfsf] cfˆg} ;fKtflxs afn sfo{qmd …kf7zfnfsf] ;fKtflxs ultljlwÚ lnP/ cfO;s]sL 5' . o; xKtfdf uPsf] cfOtaf/sf lbg sIff Pssf efOalxgLx¿sf]
j}v/L sIff % 225 xfd|f] ;]/f]km]/f] ljifosf] xflh/Lhafkm sfo{qmd ;DkGg eof] . To;} u/L ;f]daf/sf lbg sIff b'O{sf efOalxgLx¿sf] Dofy cf]nlDkof8 / tLgsf efOalxgLx¿sf] >'lt n]vg k|ltof]lutf ;DkGg eof] . sIff rf/b]lv dflysf ljBfyL{x¿n] c;f/ kGw| ut] a'waf/sf lbg /f]kfOF lbj; sfo{qmddf ;xeflutf hgfpg'eof] . lxhf] lalxaf/sf lbg eg] o; kf7zfnfsf tLg hgf ljBfyL{x¿n] lnl6n cfO8n gfds k|ltof]lutfdf ;xeflutf hgfpg'eof] . b]zel/sf krf; ljBfnosf ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf] To; k|ltof]lutfdf o; kf7zfnfsL n;tfn] ;a} k|lt:kwL{nfO{ pl5g]/ lnl6n cfO8nsf] pkflw k|fKt ug'{eof] . pxfFnfO{ xfdL ;a}sf] tkm{af6 xflb{s awfO{ lbFb} labf lnG5' . wGojfb Û kf7 % -hgslj s]z/L wd{/fh yfkf_ df]tL/fd e§ slj df]tL/fd e§sf] hGd lj=;+= !(@# efb| s'z]cf}F;Lsf lbgdf sf7df8f}Fsf] ef]l;sf] 6f]ndf ePsf] lyof] . pgsf lktfsf] gfd bof/fd e§ / dftfsf] gfd l/k'dlb{gLb]jL e§ lyof] . df]tL/fd e§n] kfFr jif{sf pd]/df cIf/f/De u/]sf lyP . 5 jif{sf] pd]/df cWoogs} nflu pgnfO{ agf/; nluPsf] lyof] . pgL ;fg}b]lv sljtf n]vgdf nfu]sf lyP . pgn] agf/;df ljBfyL{ x'Fbf g} df]tL d08nL gfds sljx¿sf] ;d"x agfPsf lyP . kl5 sf7df8f}F cfPkl5 klg df]tL d08nL agfO{ ljleGg lsl;dsf sljtfx¿ n]Vg] / eGg] k|rng u/fP . o; ;d"xdf /x]sf sljx¿n] sljtfdf g} s'g} ;d:of /fVg] / To;sf] hafkm klg sljtfdf g} eGg] tl/sf ckgfPsf lyP . g]kfnL ;flxTodf o; lsl;dsf] sljtf n]Vg] rngnfO{ ;d:ofk"lt{ sljtf eGg] ul/G5 . slj e§n] s'g} 7fpFdf l;nf]s eGg] dfG5]af6 cflbslj efg'eSt cfrfo{sf] …/fdfo0fÚsf] s]xL Znf]sx¿ ;'Gg kfP . pgnfO{ tL Znf]sx¿ c;fWo dg k¥of] / cfkm}Fn] vf]n]sf] …ef/t hLjg k|];Údf efg'eStsf] /fdfo0fsf] …afnsf08Ú 5kfP . kl5 pgn] !($*
226 j}v/L sIff % ;fndf …slj efg'eStfrfo{sf] hLjg rl/qÚ eGg] hLjgL klg n]v] . pgn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf c¿ klg w]/} s[ltx¿ n]v]sf 5g\ . tLdWo] s]xL k|d'v o; k|sf/ 5g\ M k|XnfbelSt syf, lksb"t, piffrl/q, uh]Gb|df]If, dgf]å]uk|jfx, slj;d"x j0f{gd\, e|d/uLt -sljtf sfJo_ lk|oblz{sf -gfl6sf_ zs'Gtnf -gf6s_ cflb . pgsf sljtfx¿df o'jf dgsf k|]d / ldngsf s'/fx¿ ;d]l6Psf x'G5g\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ g]kfnL ;flxTodf …o'jfsljÚ eg]/ klg lrlgG5 . df]tL/fd e§n] sljtf, uhn, gf6s / hLjgL n]v]/ To; ;dosf] g]kfnL ;flxTonfO{ wgL agfPsf 5g\ . o:tf k|ltefzfnL JolStsf] lgwg lj= ;+= !(%# efb| s'z]cf}F;Ls} lbg lt; jif{sf] slnnf] pd]/d} eof] . kf7 ^ -b]pyndf_ g]kfnL rf8kj{ / o;sf] dxŒj xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf w]/} rf8kj{x¿ dgfOG5g\ . o:tf rf8kj{x¿ s'g} wfld{s 5g\ eg] s'g} ;f+:s[lts 5g\ . b;}F, ltxf/ 57, lqm;d;, Ob, hg} k"l0f{df cflb wfld{s kj{ x'g\ . ;fs]nf, s[i0fhGdfi6dL, lth, O:6/, /dhfg cflb klg wfld{s kj{ x'g\ . pFwf}nL, pFef}nL, Nxf];f/, ufO{hfqf, b]jfnL cflb ;f+:s[lts kj{ x'g\ . df3];ª\s|flGt, gofF jif{, c;f/kGw|, u'7L cflb klg ;f+:s[lts kj{ x'g\ . g]kfndf o:tf kj{x¿ slxn] dgfpg] eGg] s'/f kfqf]df pNn]v ePsf] x'G5 . g]kfnL kfqf]df x/]s dlxgf s'g} g s'g} kj{ kl//x]sf] x'G5 . g]kfnsf sltko kj{x¿ wd{, hflt / ;d'bfocg';f/sf klg x'G5g\ . sltko kj{ rflxF If]qcg';f/ klg x'G5g\ . o:tf kj{x¿n] ubf{ g]kfnLx¿nfO{ e]63f6 / /dfOnf] ug]{ cj;/ k|fKt eO/xG5 . o:tf] e]63f6 / pT;j dgfpFbf slxFn]sfxLF dflg;x¿ kmh'n vr{ klg u5{g\ . b]vfl;sL ugf{n] klg o:tf] vr{ a9\5 . b]vfl;sL / gSsn ubf{ wgsf ;fy} w]/} ;dosf] klg gfz eO/x]sf] x'G5 . To;}n] rf8kj{ dgfpFbf xf]l;of/L ckgfpg' /fd|f] x'G5 . t8s e8sdf eGbf To;sf] wfld{s tyf ;f+:s[lts d"Nodf Wofg lbg' /fd|f] x'G5 .
j}v/L sIff % 227 rf8kj{n] dflg;nfO{ dgf]/~hgsf ;fy} cfˆgf] ;+:s[ltk|lt uj{ ug{ klg l;sfpF5 . o;n] ;fd"lxs efjgfsf] klg ljsf; u/fpF5 . o;sf ;fy} o;n] cfˆgf] wd{, hflt, ;d'bfosf] dfq xf]Og, csf]{ wd{, hflt / ;d'bfosf] d"NodfGotfsf] ;Ddfg ug{ klg l;sfpF5 . kf7 & -snf;DaGwL s'/fsfgL_ dfG5] hGdg] lalQs}b]lv ?g ;'? u5{ . xfF:g rflxF tLg dlxgfsf] pd]/b]lv dfq} ;'? u5{ . To;f] t tLg dlxgf cufj} klg lzz'x¿ d':s'/fpF5g\ t/ Tof] d':sfg jf:tljs d':sfg xf]Og . cfdf jf cfkmGtnfO{ b]Vbf v';L eP/ d':sfpg] pd]/ tLg dlxgfaf6 dfq ;'? x'G5 . lzz'x¿ ;ftb]lv bz dlxgfsf] pd]/df afd] ;g{ ;'? u5{g\ . afd] ;g{ ;'? u/]sf] b'O{tLg dlxgfkl5 pleg / Psb'O{ kfOnf lxF8\g ;S5g\ . To;sf] cy{ s'g} klg :j:y lzz' bz dlxgfb]lv Ps jif{leqdf pleg / lxF8\g ;'? u5{g\ . lzz'x¿sf] af]nL P3f/b]lv rf}w dlxgfdf km'6\5 . ;'?df pgLx¿ af, df, kf h:tf zAbx¿ af]N5g\ . To;kl5 dfq c¿ zAbx¿ af]N5g\ . ;f]x| dlxgfsf] pd]/;Dddf t s]6Lx¿ krf; cf]6f hlt zAb af]Ng ;S5g\ . ToxL pd]/sf s]6fx¿n] eg] lt; cf]6f hlt dfq zAbx¿ af]Ng ;S5g\ . kf7 * -kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{_ n]sa]F;L t/fO{n] ldn]sf] 5 7fpF ;a} eG5g\ :ju{e"ld g]kfn xf] gfpF . hxfF hfpFm /fd|f] nfU5 x]l//x"F h:tf] h'gLh'gL kmls{P/ v]ln/x"F h:tf] .
228 j}v/L sIff % ;a} ldnL p7\g'k5{ ;a} h'6\g'k5{ b]z xfdL ;a}sf] xf] ;a} v6\g'k5{ . – b}j1/fh Gof}kfg] ;'gfO kf7 ( -SofG;/ / o;sf] hf]lvd_ :jf:Yos/ vfg]s'/fsf] dxTTj xfdL h] vfG5f}F, ToxL xfF} . Ps hgf ljåfg\n] ef]hgsf] dxŒj o;/L k|:6\ofPsf 5g\ . ;Totf 5, o; egfOdf . ljrf/} gu/L h] kfof] ToxL vfg] dfG5]n] w]/} lbg vfg ;St}g . v/fa vfgf g} p;sf] sfn eP/ cfpF5 . vfgfn] p;nfO{ g} vfOlbG5 . :jf:Yo g} wg xf] / ToxL :jf:YonfO{ pQd agfO/fVg :jf:Yos/ vfg]s'/fsf] ;jf{lws xft /xG5 . hyfefjL vfgfn] :jf:Yo¿kL wg s'lxP/ hfG5 . :jf:Yoljb\x¿n] eg]sf 5g\– lbdfu / z/L/sf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf] nflu ;Gt'lnt / :jf:Yos/ vfg]s'/f cTofjZos 5 . x'g klg xf], xfd|f] :jf:Yo l7s 5}g eg] xfdL /fd|/L sfd ug{ t ;Sb}gf}F g}, /fd|f] s'/f ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}gf}F . /fd|/L sfd ug{ / /fd|f] s'/f ;f]Rg g;s]kl5 g t xfdL ;kmn x'g ;S5f}F, g t xfd|f] b]z g} pFef] nfU5 . ef]sf] k]6 / c:j:y z/L/ af]s]/ xfdLn] ljsf;lgdf{0fsf 7'N7'nf sfo{x¿ ug{ ;Sb}gf}F . cGTodf, s'g s'/f] k|:6 5 eg] s'g} klg vfgf vfg'eGbf cufl8 ;ts{tf ckgfpg' h?/L 5 . hyfefjL vfgfn] lbdfunfO{ g} afwf k'¥ofpF5 . dfbs kbfy{ vfP/ sfd ug]{ dflg;n] /fd|/L sfd u5{ eg]/ glrtfpg' g} a]; x'G5 . To;}n] s'g} klg ef]hg lng'cufl8 To;sf] kmfObfa]kmfObfsf af/]df b'O{rf]l6 ;f]Rg' cfjZos 5 .
j}v/L sIff % 229 ;'gfO kf7–!) -lat]sf] ;dodf n}hfg] oGq_ Psfb]zdf Ps hgf ldbf; gfd u/]sf cToGt} nf]eL /fhf lyP . Pslbg crfgs pgsf] b/af/df Pshgf tflGqs ;fw' cfOk'u] / /fhfnfO{ blIf0ff lbPafkt j/bfg dfUg eg] . nf]eL /fhf ldbf;n] eg], æ;fw' dxf/fh Û d}n] h] 5f]P klg ;'g x'g] j/bfg lbg'xf];\ .Æ tflGqs ;fw' ætyf:t' ÛÆ eg]/ af6f] nfu] . To;kl5 t s] lyof] / Û nf]eL /fhfn] h]h] 5f]P ;a} ;'g eP . pgn] vfg vf]h]sf] vfgf klg ;'g eof] . To;}n] pgL lbge/ ef]s} eP . a]n'sL pgsL lk|o 5f]/L …afaf ÛÚ eGb} pgsf] sfvdf a:g cfOg\ . 5f]/LnfO{ sfvdf s] a;fPsf lyP 5f]/L t ;'gsf] d"lt{ kf] algg\ . kf7 !! -8fOgf];f]/sf] clejfbg_ 9f8 ePsf hgfj/x¿nfO{ kfFr ;d"xdf afFl8Psf] 5 – != df5f ;d"x @= peor/ ;d"x #= ;/L;[k ;d"x $= r/f ;d"x / %= :tgkfoL ;d"x . df5f ;d"xsf k|f0fLx¿ kfgLdf /xG5g\ . logLx¿sf] z/L/df kfgLdf kf}8gsf nflu lkmG; / ;f; km]g{sf nflu km'Nsf x'G5g\ . logLx¿n] km'n kf5{g\ . ;fs{, ljleGg lsl;dsf df5f, ;d'b|L 3f]8f o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL x'g\ . peor/ ;d"xsf k|f0fLx¿ kfgL / hldg b'a} 7fpFdf a:g ;S5g\ . logLx¿sf] 6fpsf] / lhp x'G5 t/ 3fF6L 5'6\l6Psf] x'Fb}g . ljleGg lsl;dsf Eofu'tf] / ;fnfdfG8/ o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL x'g\ . ;/L;[k ;d"xsf w]/}h;f] k|f0fLx¿ hldgdf 3;|]/ lxF8\5g\ eg] s'g} s'g} rflxF kfgLdf klg /xG5g\ . 5]kf/f], ;k{, s5'jf, dfp;'nL, uf]xL cflb o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL x'g\ .
230 j}v/L sIff % r/f ;d"xsf k|f0fLx¿sf] z/L/df Ps hf]8f kv]6f / KjfFvx¿ x'G5g\ . logLx¿ w]/}h;f] cfsfzdf p8\g ;S5g\ . ;'uf, lrn, 9's'/, cl:6«r cflb o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL x'g\ . :tgkfoL hgfj/sf] z/L/df e'jf tyf /f}F x'G5g\ . logLx¿n] aRrf hGdfpF5g\ / aRrfnfO{ b'w r';fpF5g\ . ufO{, v/fof], d';f, af3, efn', dfG5], x\j]n cflb o; ;d"xsf k|f0fL x'g\ . kf7 !@ -Pp6f clj:d/0fLo e|d0f_ ldlt @)&)÷!!÷@% >Ldfg\ k|wfg cWofks >L OGb|]gL ;fd'bflos kf7zfnf hf]/;fn–!, kfFry/ ljifo M z}lIfs e|d0fsf ;DaGwdf . dxf]bo, hLjgdf lstfaL 1fgsf ;fy} 3'dlkm/sf] klg 7'nf] dxŒj x'G5 eg]/ xh'/n] k|fy{gf ;efdf eGg'ePsf] lyof] . To;} ;DaGwdf xfdL sIff % sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{x¿ xfd|f] jflif{s k/LIff ;lsPkl5 Onfdsf] lkmSsn e|d0f ug{ rfxG5f}F . To;}n] k/LIffkl5 xfd|f] sIffsf ljBfyL{x¿sf nflu Ps lbg] lkmSsn e|d0f sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ul/lbg'x'g xh'/;Fu xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5f}F . lgj]bs sIff % sf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyL{ >L OGb|]gL ;fd'bflos kf7zfnf hf]/;fn–!, kfFry/
j}v/L sIff % 231 kf7 !# -ljBfnosf] jgef]h_ cg';Fusf] e]6 @)*) ;fn df3 !# ut] zlgaf/ cfh g;f]r]sf] /dfOnf] lbg eof] . lbpF;f] dfd';Fu zlgZr/] xf6 hfFbf cg' klg e]l6Og\ . cg' cfˆgL dfd';Fu xf6 cfPsL /lx5g\ . cg'sL dfd' / d]/L dfd'sf] e]6 w]/} lbgkl5 ePsf] /x]5 . pxfFx¿ kmn}Frfdf a;]/ ukm ug{ yfNg'eof] . d / cg'rflxF dfd'x¿nfO{ ToxLF 5f]8]/ xf6 3'Dg yfNof}F . xf6sf] k"jL{ s'gfdf ld/f cfG6L / c¿ glrg]sf cfG6Lx¿ KofhL tyf c¿ vfg]s'/f a]Rg a:g'ePsf] /x]5 . cg'nfO{ KofhL c;fWo} dg k5{ . pgL ToxfFaf6 KofhL gvfO{ xf6 8'Ng ghfg] eOg\ . d}n] kfFr cf]6f KofhL lsg]F t/ cg'n] dfq rf/ cf]6f vfOg\ . 5]psf] czf]s bfOsf] kfgLk'/L k;ndf cg'n] b'O{ Kn]6 kfgL k'/L agfpg nufOg\ . kfgLk'/L Ps Kn]6df 5 cf]6f x'G5 . dnfO{ kfgLk'/L c;fWo} dg k5{ . To;}n] cg'n] lsg]sf] kfgLk'/L t d}n] dfq gf} cf]6f vfOlbPF . KofhL / kfgLk'/L vfPkl5 xfdL xf6 3'Db} klZrdkl§sf] 7'nf] v'nf rp/df cfOk'Uof}F . ToxfF w]/} dflg;x¿ em'?Kk e]nf ePsf lyP . xfdL klg ToxL le8df k:of}F . ToxfF Ps hgf hfb'jfnf dflg; hfb' b]vfpFb} /x]5 . To; hfb'jfnfn] xfdLn] x]bf{ x]b}{ Ps hgf afnsnfO{ Pp6f sk8fn] 5f]k]/ ufoa agfof] . afns cfFv}cufl8 ufoa ePsf] b]v]kl5 dnfO{ klg ufoa agfpnf ls eGg] 8/ nfUof] . To;}n] d}n] cg'nfO{ xft tfGb} le8af6 aflx/ lgsfn]F . cg'nfO{ eg] Tof] hfb' lgs} 3t kl//x]sf] /x]5 . hfb' x]l/;s]kl5 xfdL dfd'x¿ ePsf 7fpFdf kmSof}{F . dfd'x¿ t xfdL x/fof}F ls eGg] lk/df x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . xfdL cfˆg} ufpFsf] xf6df t x/fpFb}gf}F lg Û st} x/fOxfn] klg bz gf} cf7df kmf]g u/]kl5 k|x/Ln] xfdLnfO{ rflxPsf] ;xof]u ul/lbg'x'G5 lg Û w]/} lbgkl5 d]/L ldNg] ;fyL cg';Fu zlgZr/] xf6 3'Dg kfPsfn] cfh d]/f] dg km'?ª\ª 5 .
232 j}v/L sIff % kf7–!$ -kfgL_ kfgLdf w]/} lsl;dsf af]6la?jfxÁ klg x'G5g\ . kfgLdf kfOg] o:tf af]6lj?jfnfO{ hnLo la?jf elgG5 . hnLo la?jfxÁ s'g} df6f]df h/f eP/ kft / km"nxÁ kfgLsf] ;txdf b]lvg] x'G5g\ . kfgLsdn o:t} la?jf xf] . s'g} la?jf rflxF h/f / af]6 g} kfgLd} t}l/g] x'G5g\ . hns'DeL / lkl:6of o:t} la?jf x'g\ . s'g} la?jfxÁ rflxF ;a} efu kfgLd'lg g} x'G5 . xfOl8«nf / e]n]:g]l/ofh:tf la?jfxÁ ;a} efu kfgLleq} x'g] la?jf x'g\ . kfgLdf kfOg] ;a}h;f] la?jfxÁ g/d lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . logLx¿sf] h/f dl;gf / sd ljsl;t x'G5 . sf08xÁ klg nlrnf g} x'G5g\ . kft / sf08 k|foM lrNnf lsl;dsf x'G5g\ . o:tf] lrNnf]kgn] kft / sf08x¿nfO{ s'lxgaf6 hf]ufpF5 . kf7–!% -O{iof{sf] kmn_ lah'{nfO{ ;a}n] …/s]6Ú eGy] lsgeg] pm cToGt} l56f] bf}8GYof] . pm ljBfnon] cfof]hgf u/]sf] x/]s bf}8 k|ltof]lutfdf k|yd x'GYof] . To;}n] p;df Ps lsl;dsf] 3dG8 knfPsf] lyof] . ljBfnosf] jflif{s v]ns'b sfo{qmdsf] ;do cfof] . ljleGg v]ns'bdf ljleGg ljBfyL{x¿n] efu lnP t/ bf}8df eg] lah'{afx]s /f]xgn] dfq efu lnof] . c¿n] bf}8df lah'{nfO{ lhTg ;ls“b}g eg]/ efu lnPgg\ . /f]xg v]ns'bdf ;fwf/0f ljBfyL{ lyof] . To;}n] p;n] efu lnPsf] yfxf kfPkl5 lah'{n] s'g} tof/L u/]g . lah'{ /f]xgnfO{ ;lhn} lhTg ;S5' eGg] 3dG8df lyof] . ptf /f]xg eg] bf}8sf] tof/Ldf klxn]b]lv g} nflu;s]sf] lyof] . of] s'/f s;}nfO{ yfxf lyPg . bf}8 k|ltof]lutf ;'? eof] . ;a} hgfsf] dgdf lah'{n] g} lhT5 eGg] lyof] t/ /f]xgn] lah'{nfO{ w]/} k5fl8 5f8]/ bf}8 k|ltof]lutf lhTof] . of] glthfn] ;a}nfO{ rlst t'Nofof] .