Applied Grammer 5

1. First person pronoun used of the direct speech is changed according
to the subject of the reporting verb.

Example:
Direct speech: He said, "I am eating."
Reported speech: He said that he was eating.
2. Second person pronoun of the direct speech is changed according to

the object of the reporting verb.
Example:
Direct speech: Ram said to him, "You should play."
Reported speech: Ram told him that he should play.
3. Third person pronouns do not change.
Example:
Direct speech: Ranu said to me, "He will do this work."
Reported speech: Ranu told me that he would do that work.

B. Change of tense

1. Simple present tense into simple past

Simple present Simple past

Direct: S+V1/V5+O Indirect : S + V2 + O

You said, "I play football." You said that you played football.

2. Simple past tense into past perfect

Simple past Past perfect

Direct = S + V2 + O Indirect = S + had + V3 + O

You said to me,“You drank coffee." You told me that I had drunk coffee.

3. Simple future tense

shall, will, can, may, are changed into should, would, cloud, might

Direct speech Reported speech

I said, "I shall go." I said that I should go.

Tina said, "He will sing." Tina said that he would sing.

There is no change in must

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 151

Example:

Direct speech : Reported speech:

She said, "I must go at once." She said that she must go at once.

4. Present continuous tense into past continuous

She said to him, “You are holding a flower." (Direct speech)

She told him that he was holding a flower. (Indirect speech)

5. Past continuous tense into past perfect continuous

Past continuous Past perfect continuous

S + was/were + V4 + O S+had/been+V4+O

I said to him, "I was playing with you." (Direct speech)

I told him that I had been playing with him. (Indirect speech)

6. Present perfect tense into past perfect

Present perfect Past perfect

S+have/has+V3+O S+had+V3+O

She said to me, “You have played the violin." (Direct speech)

She told me that I had played the violin. (Indirect speech)

7. Past perfect tense

It remains the same in direct and in indirect speech.

(S + had + V3+O) (S + had + V3 + O)

You said to me, "I had loved my sister." (Direct speech)

You told me that you had loved your sister. (Indirect speech)

8. Present perfect continuous tense into past perfect continuous

Present perfect continuous Past perfect continuous tense.

S+have/has+been +V4 + Obj. S + had/been+V4 + Obj.

I said to him, "You have been jogging."

I told him that he had been jogging.

152 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

9. Past perfect continuous tense

Past perfect continuous tense is not changed. It remains the same in
indirect speech.

(S+had/been+V4 + Obj.) S+ had+ been+ V4+Obj.)

You said, "He had been drawing for two hours." (Direct speech)
You said that he had been drawing for two hours. (Indirect speech)

Note: If the reported speech expresses a universal truth or a habitual fact,
the tense doesn't change.

Example
Direct : The teacher said,"The earth moves round the sun."
Indirect : The teacher said that the earth moves round the sun.

• If the reporting verb is in the present or future tense, there is no
change in the tense of the reported speech. Example :

Direct speech Reported speech

He says, "I am happy." He says that he is happy.

He will say," I am a poor man." He will say that he is a poor man.

• If the reported speech expresses a universal truth or a habitual
fact, the tense of the verb remains unchanged. Example :

Direct speech Reported speech

The teacher said, "The earth is round." The teacher said that the earth is round.

He said, "Honesty is the best policy. " He said that honesty is the best policy.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 153

C. Change of adverbials

1. Some typical words used in the direct speech are changed as listed
below:

Words in direct speech Changed forms in reported speech

now then

this that

here there

today that day

thus so

come go

tomorrow the next day

yesterday the previous day

last the previous

ago before

next the following

tonight that night

hence thence

these those

D. Change of reporting verb and conjunctions

Sentences Reporting verbs Conjunctions
Assertive told that
Imperative told, requested, to/not to
ordered, etc.
Interrogative asked if/what, when, etc.

Indirect speech of imperative sentence:

Direct Indirect

He said to me, "Come and see me He told me to come (go) and see

tomorrow." him the following day.

He said to her, "Don’t be rude." He told her not to be rude.

He said, "Let’s read now.” He suggested reading then.

Note : We have to join sentences with 'to' in positive and 'not to' in negative.

154 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Indirect speech of yes-no questions
Look at the following examples.
Direct : Roshan said, "Is Mr. pradhan at home ?”
Indirect : Roshan asked if Mr. Pradhan was at home.
Direct : "Can you break this stick ?" he said to me.
Indirect : He asked me if I could break that stick.
Direct : The policeman said to Nisha, "Did you not shut the door ?”
Indirect : The policeman asked Nisha if she had not shut the door.

Note: We can join the sentences with if/whether.

Indirect speech of Wh-questions
Look at the following examples.
Direct : Roshan said to Santosh, "Who are you ?"
Indirect : Roshan asked Santosh who he was.
Direct : Mother said to me, "How long will you stay there?"
Indirect : Mother asked me how long I would stay there.

Note: We can join the sentences with what, who, how, when, etc.
While changing questions (Interrogative sentences) into the indirect speech,
following changes take place.
• The reporting verb is changed into ask or inquire.
• The interrogative form is changed into assertive.
• No conjunction is used when the sentences begin with auxiliary

verb like am/are /was/were/did/has/have/can, etc.
• Tense, pronouns and adverbs are changed as mentioned already.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 155

For your memory

• Reporting verb is outside the inverted commas.
• Reported speech is inside inverted commas.
• The first letter of the reported speech should be written in capital

letter.
• 'Said to' changes into told in the reported speech.
• The tense of the reporting verb does not change.
• Direct speech quotes the exact words spoken.
• Indirect speech or reported speech reports the speaker's quote in his/

her own way. It is expressed in past tenses except universal truth,
scientific facts, etc.
• No inverted commas(" ") are used in reported speech.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Change the following simple present sentences into indirect
speech.
a. She said, "I love my friend?"
She told that she loved her friend.
b. Ram said, “I am a good student.”
.............................................................................................................
c. He said, “Aryan talks too much.”
.............................................................................................................
d. They said, “ You are good in Maths.”
.............................................................................................................
e. We said, "You drink tea.”
.............................................................................................................
f. She said, “I want to eat.”
.............................................................................................................

156 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

g. They said, “We play the ball.”
.............................................................................................................
h. I said, "She works hard.”
.............................................................................................................
2. Change these simple past sentences into indirect speech.
a. He said to me, "You ate your lunch.”
He told me that I had eaten my lunch.
b. She said to him, “She came to invite me."
.............................................................................................................
c. She said to me, “My mother knew it.”
.............................................................................................................
d. He said to her, "You spoke less.”
.............................................................................................................
e. You said to him,” You ate an apple.”
.............................................................................................................
3. Change these sentences into indirect speech.
a. They said, "You are enjoying”
They told that I was enjoying.
b. He said, “You are dancing.”
.............................................................................................................
c. The doctor said, “He is improving”
.............................................................................................................
d. He said, “He is singing a song.”
.............................................................................................................
e. You said, "I wanted to play a match.”
.............................................................................................................
f. He said to me, “I was talking with you.”
.............................................................................................................
g. You said to her, “I am playing a game.”
.............................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 157

4. Change the following sentences of perfect tense into indirect
speech.
a He said to her, “You have prepared tea.”
He told her that I had prepared tea.
b She said, "He had done the work.”
.............................................................................................................
c. They said to him, “You have sold a goat.”
.............................................................................................................
d. We said, “We have sung many songs.”
.............................................................................................................
e. She said, "We have mended the car."
.............................................................................................................
f. You said, “I have bought a book.”
.............................................................................................................

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Change into indirect speech.
a. They said to her, "You are dancing."
They told her I was dancing.
b. We said to him, "You had been climbing."
.............................................................................................................
c. He said to them, "You are sitting."
.............................................................................................................
d. You said to me, "You are beholding."
.............................................................................................................
e. She said to me,"You are smelling."
.............................................................................................................

158 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

2. Change the following imperative sentences into reported speech.
a. The doctor said to us, "Don't smoke."
The doctor told us not to smoke.
b. Mr. Singh said to them, "Stand up."
.............................................................................................................
c. The teacher said to the girl, "Stand straight."
.............................................................................................................
d. Ram said to him, "Please keep quiet."
.............................................................................................................
e. The poor boy said, "Please help me."
.............................................................................................................

3. Rewrite the following sentences into indirect speech.
a. He said, "Man is mortal."
He told that man is mortal.
b. He said, "Oil floats on water."
.............................................................................................................
c. Ramesh said, "Kathmandu is the capital of Nepal."
.............................................................................................................
d. The teacher said, "The sun rises in the east."
.............................................................................................................
e. He said, "China lies to the north of Nepal."
.............................................................................................................

Exercise-3

1. Change the following yes-no questions into indirect speech.
a. The boss asked, “Will you come on time?"

The boss asked if I would come on time.
b. Krishna said to Radha, "Are you lending me some money?"
................................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 159

c. My friend said to me, "Can you lend me some money?"
................................................................................................................
d. Ajaya said to his servant, "Have you washed my clothes?"
................................................................................................................
e. Rajeev said to them, "Will you finish your texts?"
................................................................................................................
2. Change the following interrogative sentences (wh-questions)
into indirect speech.
a. He said, "What has he brought home from office?"
He asked what he had brought home from office.
b. He asked, "What’s your interest?”
................................................................................................................
c. He said, “Why don’t you read again?”
................................................................................................................
d. He said, “Why don’t you study science?”
................................................................................................................
e. Ram said, "Why don’t you dance?”
................................................................................................................
3. Change the following sentences into reported speech
a. Timila said to her friend, “Nobody is happy with you.”
b. He said to me, "You can’t catch the bus now.”
c. He said to me, "You are not singing well.”
d. The man said, "I come from Biratnagar.”
e. She said, "I am sorry for my mistakes.”
f. Bhuwan said to you, “You are sitting.”
g. He said me, "You don’t tear your books.”

160 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

18Lesson
Subject-Verb Agreement

Before you begin

Ask your teacher and fill in the right verbs.

My father ..................... the car slowly. (drive/drives)
Water ..................... at 100°Celsius. (boils/boil)
Nisha and Usha ..................... banana. (like/likes)
Each of them ..................... happy. (is/are)
One of the boys ..................... broken a leg. (have/has)
My shoes ..................... very clean. (look/looks)
Dal and Bhat ..................... my favourite food. (is/are)
Everyone ..................... to be loved. (need/needs)

Read the following sentences.
• The condition of these books is not good.
• The boy who is wearing blue pants is my cousin.
• There are eleven players in a cricket team.
• There is no student in the room.
• Rekha and Madhu are sisters.
• He and I were present in the meeting.
• The captain with all the players is present in the ground.
• Each of these sisters sings well.
• Everyone knows the secret now.
• One of the thieves has been caught.
• Much has already been said.
• Only a little of the work has been completed.
• Most of these students were absent yesterday.
• A few of these houses are still vacant.
• Both of the guests have come late.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 161

Read and learn
1. A verb must be according to subject.

For example:
a. A boy plays.
b. Boys play.
In sentence a, the subject 'A boy' is in the singular number. So the

verb 'plays' is also in singular.
In sentence b, the subject 'boys' is in the plural number. So, the verb

'play' is also in plural.
2. As the subject, so is the verb: A verb must agree with its subject.

It means a verb is used according to the number (singular or plural)
of the subject.

For example:
a. I am happy.
b. He is happy.
c. We are happy.
In sentence a, the verb 'am' agrees with the subject 'I'.
In sentence b, the verb 'is' agrees with the subject 'He'.
In sentence c, the verb 'are' agrees with the subject 'We'.

Note : It means singular subject takes a singular verb and plural subject takes
a plural verb.

3. Some words are plural in quality, whereas some always appear
singular.

They agree with the verb accordingly:

e.g. • Mankind are jealous by birth.
• The police catch thieves.
• A dozen cost Rs 20.
• Politics is a dirty game.

162 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

4. Proper or common nouns, joined with 'and' agree with the plural
verb as in:
e.g. • Father and mother love us all equally.
• A carpenter and mason build walls.

5. One, a, each, every, somebody, nobody, either, and neither as the
subject mostly agree with a singular verb.
e.g. • A girl sings song.

6. Subject with either...........or, and neither.......nor simply agree with
the verb nearest to the subject.
e.g. • He or they are good.
• Either Rita or her sister paints the picture.

7. A lot/lots of/plenty of/ a great deal of + plural subjects = plural verb
e.g. Lots of students are speaking English.

8. A lot/lots of/plenty of/a great deal of + uncountable noun = singular
verb.
e.g. Plenty of milk is taken by me.

9. News, Mathematics, politics, statistics, physics, ethics, classics,
wages, phonetics, billiards, etc. take singular verb.

10. The following nouns always take a plural verb: pants, trousers,
gloves, socks, glasses, jeans, slacks, shorts, spectacles, briefs,
sunglasses, scissors, pliers, tweezers, etc.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Choose the verb that agrees with the subject in the following
sentences.
a. Ramesh....................fit to swim. (has/are/is)

b. Slow and steady .................... (win/wins) the race.

c. Bread and pickle .................... (is/are) my diet.

d. A singer and a music arranger .................... (was/were) on
focus at the concert there.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 163

e. News today .................... (is/are) interesting.

f. Cattle .................... (is/are) grazing in the field.

g. A number of people ......................an outing. (plan/plans)

h. My binoculars .................... (is/are) missing.

i. Time and tide .................... (wait/waits) for nobody on earth.

J· Economics .................... (is/are) my favourite subject.

k. Forty rupees..................the cost of this book. (are/is/have)

l. Scabies..........................a disease. (is/are/has)

m. Either of them .................... (is/are) fully aware of the fact.

n. Rickets .................... (is/are) a dangerous disease.

o. He and l......................well. (perform/performs)

2. Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
a. Rice and curry....................his favourite dish. (is/are)

b. Most of our problems ....................................serious. (is/are)

c. Both of these houses....................................well built. (is/are)

d. The great poet ..............................no more with us (is/are)

e. The farmer ..................very active in his young age (was/were)

3. Make as many sentences as you can from the following table.

I do not play

We is my relative

You does reading

He was very helpful

She am not work

They are singing song

It were not feeling well

4. Correct the following sentences.
a. Neither she nor we was there.
b. The dogs sitting on the table is mine.
c. One of the singers are from India.
d. Not only Rita but also her friends is singing.

164 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

e. Nobody do the duty sincerely at my home.
f. People respects the honest leaders.
g. One of my monkeys have no tails.
h. The United States are a powerful country.

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Choose the correct word and rewrite the sentences.
a. Mary (dance/dances) very well.

Mary dance very well
b. Some babies (cry/cries) a lot.
..................................................................................................................
c. The postman (deliver/delivers) the mail every afternoon.
..................................................................................................................
d. Grandpa (like/likes) to take a nap in the afternoon.
..................................................................................................................
e. Father (chop/chops) down the tree with an axe.
..................................................................................................................
f. Most trees (shed/sheds) their leaves in autumn.
..................................................................................................................
g. The police officer (ride/rides) a bicycle.
..................................................................................................................
h. Polar bears (live/lives) in very cold regions of the world.
..................................................................................................................
i. We (eat/eats) out once a week.
..................................................................................................................
j· He (drink/drinks) two cups of milk a day.
..................................................................................................................
k. The farmers (work/works) from sunrise to sunset.
..................................................................................................................

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 165

2. Fill in the blanks with 'is', 'are', 'has' or 'have'.
a. She ....................... very fond of playing chess.
b. Jimmy ....................... many friends.
c. Mary and Susy ....................... twins.
d. The zoo-keepers ....................... fed the animals.
e. The whale ....................... a mammal.
f. They ....................... already finished their project.
g. Our teacher ....................... sick today.
h. The crows ....................... very noisy.
i. The old beggar ....................... no home and no money.
j· My brother ....................... a good soccer player.
k. A dolphin ....................... a very intelligent animal.
l. Ronil ....................... my cousin.

3. Tick the correct words in the brackets.
a. Each child (is, are) given a piece of cake.
b. Every student in this school (wear, wears) a uniform.
c. Every car (has, have) four wheels.
d. Each sack of rice (weighs, weigh) five kilograms.
e. Every friend who has seen my dog (like, likes) it.
f. Each class (has, have) a blackboard.
g. Every door in this house (is, are) locked.
h. Every page in this book (is, are) torn.
i. Every body (know, knows) Laxmi Prasad Devkota.
j. All bicycles (has, have) two wheels.
k. Both Peter and John (is, are) running in the race.
l. Both my sister and I (walk, walks) to school every day.
m. All cats (have, has) tails.
n. All the shops (was, were) closed yesterday.

166 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

4. Fill in each blank with 'both' or 'all'.
a. ....................... my parents are working. My father is an engineer and
my mother is a nurse.
b. ....................... birds have wings, but not all of them can fly.
c. Do you know ....................... the letters of the alphabet?
d. ....................... the apple and the orange were in the basket.
e. Peter put ....................... his hands into his pockets as he waited
nervously outside the Principal's office.
f. I have two dogs........................ are male.
g. ....................... the animals in the zoo are fed and protected.
h. ....................... the students in my class are honest and hard working.
i. ....................... teams played well during the last match.
j· ....................... my fingernails are long. I have to cut them.

5. Tick the correct answer in the brackets.
a. Every (egg, eggs) in the basket is broken. Mother will have to buy
some more.
b. Each (painting, paintings) in the gallery costs more than a hundred
dollars.
c. All the (nurse, nurses) in this hospital wear white uniforms.
d. Both my (eye, eyes) were red and sore after the swim.
e. All living (thing, things) need water to live.
f. Each (question, questions) in the test carries two marks.
g. Both (jug, jugs) contain milk.
h. Everyone (like, likes) Sheela as she is kind and helpful.
i. Every (piece, pieces) of furniture in this room is new.
j· Both my (parent, parents) were at the airport to meet my aunt from
Hong Kong.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 167

L1ess9on The Infinitives

Before you begin

Read the travel plan.

My family members decided to go to
Darjeeling for a week. My parents like to
visit new places and to meet new people.
My uncle wants to hike in Kalimgpong. I
wanted to stay there for long. I will try to
see all the famous places though I have to
return soon.

Read the sentences.

• I like to play.

• I want to talk.

• Teach me to swim.

• I want to think about it.

• He wanted to watch TV.

• We thought how to believe them.

• She is ready to give advice.

• Kamal agreed to help me.

In the above sentences the verb forms to play, to talk, to swim, to think, to
watch, to believe, to give, to help are infinitives.

Use of infinitive

Pattern 1. S+V+N/P+O (Infinitives)

No Subject verb noun/pronoun to infinitive others

1. Ram asks me to speak English.

2. She told him to labour hard.

3. He taught us to dance well.

4. I want Hari to bring the books.

168 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Pattern 2. lt+to be + S - com+ to infinitive

No It to be sub complement to infinitive

1. It is easy to face them.

2. It is safe to face a problem.

3. It is difficult to play here.

4. It is good to help the poor.

Pattern 3. S+V+N/P+ bare-infinitive

No Subject verb noun/pronoun infinitive.
laugh.
1. She made him clean the room.
go.
2. I have Ram steal the book.

3. Renu let me

4 Girls saw you

Pattern 4.S+V+too+adj/adv+to infinitive

No Subject verb too adj/adv to infinitive

1 She is too weak to learn English.

2. Ram is too old to walk.

3. You are too weak to pass.

4. I am too ill to go out.

Pattern 5. S+V+adj+ to infinitive

No Subject verb adjective to infinitive
to eat.
1 Mangoes are sweet to learn.
to read.
2. English is difficult to taste.

3. This book is good others
easy.
4. Honey is sweet not easy.

Pattern 6 To infinitive + N + V.

No to infinitive noun verb

1 To find fault is

2. To get success is

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 169

Pattern 7. S+V+C+to infinitive

No Subject verb connective to infinitive others

1 He knows where to buy books.

2. She learns how to speak English.

3. I wonder how to account for it.

Pattern 8. S+V+to infinitive + noun (object)

No Subject verb to infinitive others

1I want to learn English.

2. She agreed to help Ram.

3. We like to have a rest.

4. They stopped to play cricket.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Fill in the blanks inserting suitable infinitives.
a. He agreed...........................................the debt. (pay)
b. That bed is too dirty.........................in. (sleep)
c. To love man is ..........................God. (love)
d. It is useless............................................again. (try)
e. He is too tired ......................................any work. (do)
f. Do you know how............................it? (start)
g. He does not know what.............................now. (do)
h. It is difficult ............................all. (convince)
i. Ask her how ..................................the song. (begin)
j. I offered him a chair.................................on. (sit)
k. He means ................................... overseas. (study)
l. We propose ................................... a road here. (construct)

170 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

2. Complete the sentences with the infinitive form of the verb.
a. What do you want ....................... tonight? (do)

b. It appears ....................... a snake. (be)

c. I'm not hungry. I don't want ....................... anything. (eat)

d. I can't afford ....................... a ticket for the concert. (buy)

e. She wanted ....................... ice cream and cocacola. (have)

f. Will you try ....................... nicer, please? (be)

3. Complete the sentences with the infinitive form of verbs from
the box.

wash be go meet eat study

a. When are you planning .................... abroad?

b. I try ....................... good in class most of the time.

c. I refuse ....................... meat because I love all animals.

d. I promised ....................... hard for my exams.

e. Mother hopes ....................... her daughter soon

f. James likes ....................... the dishes after dinner.

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Rewrite the sentences using infinitives.
a. John like homework. (do)
John likes to do homework.
b. Sarah's mother wants a new car. (buy)
................................................................................................................
c. Most children like computer games. (play)
................................................................................................................
d. We can't afford a new house. (buy)
................................................................................................................
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 171

e. Jennifer likes shopping. (do)
................................................................................................................
f. I like coffee in the morning. (drink)
................................................................................................................
2. Now use the verbs and infinitives given and make sentences.
a. like/to play
I like to play in the afternoon.
b. want / to get
................................................................................................................
c. decided / not to buy
................................................................................................................
d. agree / to help
................................................................................................................
e. allow me / to watch
................................................................................................................
f. asked my brother/to finish.
................................................................................................................

Listen and speak

'k' is silent ...................... knee, knife, knock, knee
'l' is silent ...................... calm, palm, half, calf, folk
'm' is silent ...................... mnemonic
'n' is silent ...................... hymn
'p' is silent ...................... receipt, psalm, pneumatic
's' is silent ...................... island, isle, aisle
't' is silent ...................... whistle, mortgage, fasten, often
'u' is silent ...................... plague, guild, build, guitar
'w' is silent ...................... write, sword, whole

172 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

20Lesson
The Gerund (-ing forms)

Before you begin

Can you find out the gerunds (ing-forms) in the text below?
Supriya is a student of Class Five. She doesn't
enjoy studying Mathematics. She needs to do
her Mathematics homework, but she doesn't
want to do. She thinks about playing the piano.
She also thinks about singing songs. When her
father comes into her room, she starts reading.

Conversation practice

Hari, can you define
gerund with a suitable

example.

Ok, ma'am. The gerund is a word that ends
with 'ing' form of a verb and acts as a noun.
It can act as a subject or object just like a noun.
It can act as the object of a preposition also.
Examples: Boxing is a dangerous sport.

(subject)
He enjoys hunting. (object)
I am tired of walking. (object of a prep)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 173

Read the sentences
I don't mind giving my pen.
Seeing is believing.
I am fond of dancing.
Stop talking.
Singing is my favourite hobby.
I am tired of working.
Painting is an art.
Give up smoking.
Walking is an exercise.

In the above sentences, giving, believing, dancing, talking, singing,
working, painting, smoking, walking are gerunds.

Verbs usually followed by gerunds:
enjoy, keep, avoid, admit, delay, discuss, finish, imagine, keep, practise,
dislike, understand, regret, miss, describe, adore

For your memory

• Gerund is 'ing' form of the verb which is used like a noun.
Example: Smoking is injurious to health.
• Gerund can be used as the subject of a verb.
Example: Swimming is an art.
• Gerund can be used as the object of a verb, preposition.
Example: I like painting. He is tired of fighting with her.
• Gerund can be used as a complement of a verb.
Example: His hobby is playing cricket.

174 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Underline the gerunds which are used as a subject, direct object or
object of a preposition.

a. You should give up smoking.

b. Cycling is fun.

c. Cooking is one of my hobbies.

d. Salina enjoys fishing.

e. Jogging is very popular now.

f. He dislikes studying for examination.

2. Make sentences by matching.

a. She keeps learning i. cricket is a good exercise.

b. He suggested working ii. a new language is exciting.

c. Playing iii. many scientific theories
d. Chewing iv. mathematics

e. Learning v. chocolate in the class is prohibited.

f. I don't enjoy practising vi. together in a team.

3. Change these infinitives into gerund.

a. I dislike to deceive people. I dislike deceiving people.

b. Teach me to swim. .......................................................

c. To give is better than to receive. .......................................................

d. She likes to sing. .......................................................

e. To think is to do. .......................................................

4. Fill in the blanks with suitable gerunds.
a. What I most detest is................................ . (smoke)

What I most detest is smoking.

b. We are interested in.....................................money. (make)

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 175

c. He was punished for.................................a lie. (tell)
d. Her parents kept..................................her for study. (encourage)
e. Children love ....................................sand castles. (make)
f. He was accused of .............. (steal)

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Supply infinitive or V-ing correctly.

a. I am used to (drink) milk. ............................................

I am used to drinking milk.

b. He likes (cut) grass. ............................................

He likes to cut grass.

c. Roma told Sujata (fry) the corn. ............................................

d. He aims at (touch) the moon. ............................................

e. The dog always wants (lick) my hand. ............................................

f. They are used to (fly). ............................................

g. He wants (study) sincerely. ............................................

h. (cheat) is a crime. ............................................

i. She is fond of (eat) banana. ............................................
j. Why don’t you help us (decorate) the room? ..........................................

k. We can’t live without (drink) water. ..........................................
l. He likes (sing) classical song. ..........................................
m. The man did not feel the train(move) ..........................................
n. He seems (work) for profit. ..........................................
o. The essay is worth (read). ..........................................

p. It was difficult (park) in the street. ..........................................
q. I felt cold after (swim) ..........................................

176 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

21Lesson
If Sentence (Conditional)

Before you begin

Read the following.
• If you put salt in water, it dissolves.
• If it rains, I will wear a raincoat.
• If she taught me, I would know.
• If I had not studied well I would have failed the exam.

Conversation practice. I will go to check up
village people.
What will you do if you
are a doctor?

What would you do if I would teach the
you were a teacher? students well.

What would you have I would have arrested
done if you had become all the criminals.

a policeman?

Read the following sentences.
• If you boil water, it turns into vapour.
• If you move, you will face the dangers.
• If you drink dirty water, you will get sick.
• If he works hard, he will pass with 'A' grade.
• If you want to pass the exam, work hard.
• If I had time, I would visit Kathmandu.
• If we had read well we would have secured good marks.

Each if sentence has two parts. One is if clause; another is main clause.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 177

There are three structures of conditional sentence.
Structures

S.N. If clause Main clause
1 V1/V5
Present tense can, may, must + V1 + ...........
2 (S + V1/V5 + .......) future tense (shall/will + V1 +........
3 imperative

e.g. If I meet her. I will tell the truth.
If she practices a lot She will win the match.
Past tense (S + V2 + .......... S + could/might/should/would + V1+...
I would fly high in the sky.
e.g. If I were a bird. I would help him a lot.

If I knew him. should/could/would/might + have + V3
Past perfect tense (S + had would have+V3+........
+ V3) (had + S + V3) I would have got success.
e.g. : If I had worked hard I would have met her.

Had I gone there.

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Rewrite the following sentences using the correct answer
a. If it didn't rain, there...........................drought.

a. would b. would be c. can be

b. If he had come to us, he..............................with us .

a. would have stayed b. will stay c. stays.
c. I would have come sooner if I...........................you were here.

a. knew b. know c. had known.

d. He would have told you if you......................him

a. had asked b. asked c. will ask.

178 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

e. If the dinner is not ready, I......................without it.

a. will go b. go c. would go

f. He..................................the bus if he had gone fast.

a. might have caught b. would catch c. will catch.
g. If I...........................you, would you help me ?

a. ask b. asked c. had asked

h. If it...............................tomorrow, I won't come.

a. rained b. rains c. had rained

1. If he...............................stale food, he will be sick.

a. eats b. ate c. will eat

j· I'll marry her if she................................me.

a. liked b. likes c. will like.
k. If I .................................money, I cannot help you.

a. will not get b. don't get c. didn't have.
i. If he..................................fit he would have won the race.

a. was b. is c. had been

m. If I ..........................money I could buy some apples.

a. have b. had c. will have.

n. I..................................there if I had known the place.

a. will go b. would have gone c. could go

2. Make sensible sentences using the given table:

go

If you leep you will miss fat.
eat more pass the bus.
study become strong.

play get the answer.

ask

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 179

3. Fill in the suitable clauses. ...........................................
a. If you put ice in hot place,

b. If he studies well, ...........................................

c. If Sita were a nurse, ...........................................

d. If you had invited me, ...........................................

e. Unless you call me, ...........................................

f. Had he phoned her, ...........................................

4. Correct the highlighted words.

a. If I come to school late, the teacher would give me punishment.

b. I can't go there if he didn't give me permission.

c. She would weep if I had scolded her.

d. If I went to Lalitpur, I will visit the zoo.

e. If you had called me, I will come at your house.

f. Unless you study well, you couldn't pass the exam.

g. If I had met you, I will have talked about that matter.

h. If Ramu were a policeman, he can catch the thief.

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Rewrite the following sentences choosing the appropriate word/
words from the brackets.
a. If I.....................................not read the newspaper, I wouldn’t know
about the accident. (do/did/had)
b. I would go to beach if it..........................warmer. (be/were/had been)
c. If it.....................(rained/will rain/had rained) I wouldn’t go there.

180 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

d. If y o u are free .....................(you can leave/you could leave/you
could have left)

e. If I............................enough money, I would buy a new car . (had/
would have / had had)

f. I will go to Butwal if the bus................................on time. (leaves/
leaved/leave)

g. If I had not been a doctor, I ..........................................(would study/
would have studied/study) computer science in Canada.

h. If you.....................(worked/work/had worked) hard, you could
have earned a lot of money.

i. If Sonny ............................(lost/had lost/have lost) her bag, she
would not go to school.

j· If I knew him I ...............................(will/would/can) help.
2. Rewrite the following sentencesusing the correct verb given

in the brackets.
a. I wish I (know) his name.
b. If he (not study) hard, he could not pass.
c. If he (drive) very carefully, I would have gone with him.
d. You (help) me if I request you?
e. If you (swim) well you would save me.
f. If they had waited for me, I (be) happy.
g. Don't beat me unless I (follow) you.
h. If the dinner is ready, I (eat).
i. If I (be) a bird I could fly in the sky.
j· You (help) her if she needs you.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 181

22Lesson
Sentence Structures

Before you begin

Read the sentences and make two similar sentences
• Open the door. (Verb + Obj.) :
• He laughs. (Subject + Verb) :
• She is reading a novel (Sub + HV + MV + Obj):
• Harish gave me a pen
(Sub + MV + Indirect Obj + Direct Obj) :
• They played well to win the match.
(Sub + Verb + Adj + To infinitive) :

Read and learn. Verb Direct Object
Pattern -1 should help the poor.
opened the door.
Subject broke the jug?
We know his address.
Rohan must wash yourself.
Who
I
You

Pattern -2 Subject Verb

The sun rose.
The baby is crying.
Kamal was singing.
Fire burns.
The bell has rung.

182 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Pattern-3 Verb Noun/pronoun Plain infinitive
Subject had
saw them leave the house.
He heard
We saw him go out.
I felt
She her sing.
The thief
him steal the watch.

someone touch his arm.

Pattern-4 Verb Noun/pronoun Past participle (V3)
Subject want
expect this letter typed.
I found
I had that tooth pulled out.
We
He the house deserted.

his suit cleaned.

Pattern-5 Verb that clause (of the verb)
Subject admitted that he had written the letter.
He expect that it will rain.
I complained that they had not been treated fairly.
They suggested that we should go to the park.
Suvi

Pattern-6 Main clause
If clause will/shall/can/may+plain infinitive.
Simple present I will give it to you.
If I find the pen It will bite you.
If you hit the dog We shall postpone our picnic.
If it rains You will pass in the first division.
If you study hard

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 183

Pattern-7 Main clause
If clause would/should/could/might+plain Infinitive.
Simple past I would not do that.
If I were you I could get a job easily.
If I had a degree You would pass the exam.
If you studied hard We could be in time.
If we started now

Pattern-8 Main clause
If clause would/should/could/might + perfect infinitive
Past perfect I could have saved him from drowning.
If I had seen him I would not have got into trouble.
If you had come to me I would have succeeded.
If I had tried again You would have passed the exam.
If you had studied hard

Pattern -9 object
There +be a book on the desk.
There is a lamp beside the bed.
There is someone at the door.
There is

Pattern-10 Verb adjective to infinitive
is hard to study.
Subject are impossible to justify.
The grammar is difficult to digest.
His actions was difficult to understand.
The food
His speech

184 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Pattern -11 gerundial phrase
It + be seeing the film.
It is worth talking to her.
It was no good meeting you.
It has been a pleasure working it out.
It’s no use

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Give two examples for each of the following structures.
a. Subject + verb
.............................................................................................................
b. S +verb + direct object
.................................................................................................................
c. S +verb+ that clause
.................................................................................................................
d. There+ be+ subject
.................................................................................................................
e. It + be + subject
.................................................................................................................
f. Past/present + Gerund/ phrase
.................................................................................................................
g. Simple present+ main clause
.................................................................................................................
h. Subject+ verb+ adjective+ to infinitive
.................................................................................................................
Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 185

Exercise-2 Homework

1. Read the sentences carefully and identify the subject, verb and
object.

Subject Verb Object

a. Navin plays cricket. .................................. ...................................... ......................................

b. Bipin wrote a letter. ...................................... ...................................... ......................................
c. The dog barked. ...................................... ...................................... .. ....................................

d. I eat rice. ...................................... ...................................... .. ....................................
e. He drank water. ...................................... ...................................... .. ....................................

f. The wolf killed the goat. ...................................... ...................................... ......................................

2. Read these sentences carefully. Identify the subject, verb and
complement.

a. I am young. ................... ................... ...................

b. We are friends. ................... ................... ...................

c. My school is nice. ................... ................... ...................

d. Suman is not happy. ................... ................... ...................

e. You are funny. ................... ................... ...................

f. Rubina is a girl. ................... ................... ...................

g. She became a nurse. ................... ................... ...................

186 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

L2ess3on Vocabulary

Before you begin

Write one word for the following:

• A traveller in space : ................................

• It lives on flesh of other animals : ................................

• A place to read and study : ...............................

• A woman whose husband is dead : ...............................

• One who can neither read nor write : ................................

• The life history of a person written by himself/herself: .............................

Read and learn.
1. Annual: happening every year
2. Animate: things having life
3. Atheist : one who does not believe in god
4. Antidote: a medicine to counteract the effect of poison
5. Antonym: a word opposite in meaning
6. Autocracy: government by one man
7. Assembly: people at a solemn meeting
8. Autobiography: the life story of a person written by himself
9. Aquatic: living in or near water
10. Audience: an assembly of listeners
11. Bunch: flowers collected together
12. Bouquet: flowers tastefully arranged
13. Biography: the life story of a person
14. Bankrupt: one who cannot pay off his debt
15. Bureaucracy: government by the officials
16. Cobbler: a man who mends shoes

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 187

17. Colleagues: persons working together in the same institution
18. Critical : always inclined to find fault
19. Crowd: people gathered in a place
20. Century: a period of hundred years
21. Contemporary: of the same time
22. Cemetery: a place where dead bodies are buried
23. Catalogue: a list of names of books
24. Dumb: one who cannot speak
25. Deaf: one who cannot hear
26. Dead language: a language that is not spoken
27. Dispensary: a place fitted up for dispensing medicines
28. Dictionary: a book which tells what various words mean
29. Democracy: government of the people by the people and for the people
30. Edible: fit to be eaten
31. Emigrant: one who leaves his country to settle in another
32. Eligible: one who is fit for doing certain job
33. Eatable: fit to be eaten
34. Extempore : a speech made without previous preparation
35. Ferryman : a person who takes one across a stream in a boat
36. Fatal: that which causes death
37. Fatalist: one who believes in fate
38. Garrison: soldiers in a fortress
39. Grocer: a person who sells spices, sugar, dry fruit, etc
40. Garland: flowers woven together
41. Hawker: a person who sells things in a street
42. Hostel: a place where students of a college or a school reside
43. Honorary: a post o f r e s p e c t for which no salary is paid
44. Host: one who entertains his guests
45. Inevitable: that which must happen
46. Illegible: that which cannot be read

188 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

47. Illegal: against law
48. Incredible: that which cannot be believed
49. Immovable : that which cannot be moved
50. Inaudible: that which cannot be heard
51. Illiterate: one who can neither read nor write
52. Irreparable : that which cannot be repaired
53. Irritable: one who is quick to anger
54. Indivisible : that which cannot be divided
55. Invisible: that which cannot be seen
56. Linguist :one who studies many languages
57. Library: a place for reading and study
58. Lavatory: a room with a toilet
59. Legislators: persons who make laws
60. Laundry: a place where clothes are washed
61. Museum: a place where historical replicas and curios are kept
62. Manuscript : papers written by hand
63. Newsboys: persons who deliver newspapers
64. Nurses: persons who nurse the sick in hospitals
65. Orphan: a child whose parents are dead
66. Orphanage: a place of shelter and support for orphans
67. Omnipresent: one who is everywhere
68. Optimist: one who looks at the bright side of things
69. Popular: one who is liked by people
70. Pilot: one who flies aeroplanes
71. Pharmacy: a place where medicines are found
72. Pessimist: one who looks at the dark side of things
73. Pickpocket: one who steals from others' pockets
74. Republic: a state carried on by elected head
75. Solar: of the sun
76. Spokesman: one who speaks for others

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 189

77. Suicide: act of intentionally killing oneself
78. Spectators: people at a match or show
79. Theist: one who believes in god
80. Unique : something strange, new
81. Voluntary: of one's own free will
82. Vegetarian: one who does not eat any mean
83. Widow: a woman whose husband is dead
84. Water proof: Thing that keeps water out
85. Zoo: a place where birds, animals, etc, are kept

Exercise-1 Class Activity

1. Make sentences using the following words.

a. vegetarian b. water proof c. pessimist

d. crowd e. library f. linguist

g. ferryman h. cemetery

2. Find the meaning of the following words from dictionary:

Anonymous : ........................... Audience : ...........................

Edible : ........................... Coward : ...........................

Synonyms : ........................... Fatalist : ...........................

Antonym : ........................... Millennium : ...........................

Illegal : ........................... Voyage : ...........................

3. Match the words with their meanings:

Autobiography Which happens in a year

Manuscript A person who believes in god

Injurious Living at the same time

Annual A traveller in space

Contemporary Assembly of listeners

Audience The story of a person's own life

Astronaut Likely to do much injury

Theist Matter written by hand

190 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

24Lesson
Reading Comprehension

A. Passage for Reading

1. Read the following passage and do the activities given below.
Mother Teresa, a brave woman learned a few basic medical skills and began
to live among the poor only with five rupees in her pocket. In December
1948, she started her first school in the slums. She took as her dress a blue-
bordered white sari worn with a cross on the shoulder. This has become
the custom of the sisters of the missionaries of charity. Her first recruit, a
Bangali girl, came to her in 1949. Shortly after that more and more girls
came to her to be a part of her work. The nuns at first worked only in the
slum schools, but soon they found people dying in the streets of Calcutta,
people who were uncared, unloved and unwanted. These people had to be
helped.
A. Fill in the blanks.
a. Teresa started her first school in ....................
b. The dress has become the...............of the sisters of the.................
c. Her first recruit was a....................................
d. More girls came to her to be a part of...........................
B. Answer the following questions.
a. What helped Mother Teresa to live only with five rupees?
b. What has become the habit of the sisters of the missionaries
of charity?
c. When did the first recruit join Teresa?
d. Whom did the missionaries have to help later?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 191

2. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

The honey bee is one of the men's best insect friends. It has been valued
for centuries as the source of honey. However, the honey bee's greatest
value is the role it plays in distributing pollen among plants.

In the past, farmers in the USA took pollination for granted. When they
discovered that honey bee colonies placed near their fields doubled and
trebled the crop yield, they gained a new respect for the busy bee. Now
in the USA bee hives are moved from crop to crop as needed and the
farmers are glad for the service. When a bee finds a particularly rich
source of nectar and wants to tell its fellow workers the good news, he
goes into a special twist dance. The movements tell the other bees how
far to reach to find the nectar- the number of turns indicate the distance
and direction is given in relation to the sun.

A. Give short answer to these questions:
a. In what two ways are honey bees our best friends?

b. What did the US farmers discover about honey bees?

c. What are beehives being done in the USA?

d. What two messages does a bee tell other bees?

B. Write 'T' for true and 'F' for false statements:
a. Honey bees are not helpful insects for us.
b. Beehives are not moved from crop to crop in the USA.
c. Farmers are worried to pay for the service.
d. Distance and direction are indicated with the number of turns.

C. Find the words in the passage as indicated.
a. found out (synonym) b. happy (synonym)

c. disrespect (antonym) d. near (antonym)

3. Read the following conversation and do the activities given
below.

Surya : Hello Dhan Bahadur, I have not seen you for a week.

Dhan Bahadur : Actually, I was sick.

Surya : Really, sorry to hear that. Where are you going now?

Dhan Bahadur : I am going to meet the teacher. He has called me.

192 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Surya : Are you free this evening? We are going to watch a
movie.

Dhan Bahadur : I'm afraid, I'm not. I'll visit my brother. Devi and I have
to do some work with him.

Surya : Sounds good.

Dhan Bahadur : See you later, Bye.

Surya : Bye.

A. Fill in the blank spaces with correct words:
a. The people talking are ....................
b. The teacher has called ....................
c. Dhan Bahadur doesn't like to watch movies because ....................
d. They couldn't .................... each other for a week.

B. Write T for true and F for false statement.
a. Dhan Bahadur was sick for a week.

b. Surya was going to the doctor.

c. Dhan Bahadur was called by the teacher.

d. Surya and Dhan Bahadur are going to watch the movie.

C. Answer the questions:
a. Where is Dhan Bahadur going?
............................................................................................................
b. Who is busy this evening?
............................................................................................................

4. Read the passage and answer the given questions:
It was the ambition of an eleven year old boy in Kansas city to be
an engine­ driver. Born without arms, he had been to special schools
where he learned to use his feet as 'hands'. He spent all his spare
time watching trains and one day his dreams came true. Seeing a
deserted engine, the boy climbed in. He had no difficulty in startingit
up with his feet. Soon he was travelling along at forty miles an hour.

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 193

Signalmen could not see the young driver. So, they set out to stop
the train. Meanwhile the boy reached Missouri, stopped the engine
himself, and then made it go backwards. When he was near home,
a railwayman caught up with the engine and stopped it. At first he
was very angry, but he smiled when the boy said simply, 'I like trains.
"Well, I'm glad you don't like planes! " answered the railwayman.

A. Match the words in column 'A' with their similar meanings
in column 'B'.

Column 'A' Column 'B'

a. ambition abandoned

b. spare began

c. set out desire

d. deserted extra

B. Fill in the gaps with the appropriate words from the passage
above.

a. The boy had no .............................

b. The engine returned back to Kansas from .............................

c. The engine was stopped by .............................

C. Answer the following questions.
a. What was the desire of the boy?

b. How did he start the engine?

c. What did he learn at school?

d. How far did the boy travel by engine?
5. Read the following text and answer the questions given below:

Smoking can cause cancer, bronchitis and heart disease. The nicotine
inhaled from cigarettes makes the heart beat faster and makes the arteries
contract: this can lead to the blockages, particularly in the legs. Cancer
and bronchitis are caused by the tar and carbon monoxide taken into the
lungs. Although these harmful effects are well-known, people continue
to smoke. Some people carry on even after having a heart attack or a leg
amputated.

194 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

Action on smoking and Health (ASH) exists in order to make the public
more aware of the dangers of smoking. It tries to make people give up
the habit by organizing anti-smoking campaigns, and it is especially
concerned with limiting cigarette advertising. So far, it has succeeded in
persuading the government to ban cigarette advertising on television.

A. Write 'T' for the true and 'F' for false statements:
a. Smoking can cause Jundice.

b. Smoking can cause bronchitis.

c. People are not aware of the dangers of smoking.

d. Advertising cigarette on television is banned.
B. Answer the following questions:

a. Which disease can be caused by smoking?

b. How are cancer and bronchitis caused?
c. What is the main reason of heart-attack?

d. How does ASH try to persuade the people to give up smoking?

C. Find the words in passage that have the following meaning.

a. cut off b. very bad

c. well understood d. stop completely

6. Read the passage and answer the following questions.

There is a well-known story about Newton. It is said that one day Newton
saw an apple drop from a tree. It set him wondering what made the
fruit fall. Why should it not go up? It must be pulled down by some
kind of force and this force was gravity. It is an interesting tale because
Newton was interested not so much in why the apple fell, but in why
the moon and planets do not fall. This is what his theory of gravity was
to explain for the first time. He proved that just as the earth attracted the
apple, it also attracts the moon. The reason why moon does not fall is
that it is moving round the earth at a certain speed.

The same thing applies to the earth itself, and all the heavenly bodies
circling the sun.

Others had tried to explain the motion of the planets and stars but
none of them could give as good an explanation as Newton. For this

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 195

and other achievements, he is regarded as one of the founders of modem
science.

A. Rearrange the following sentences as in the above passage.
a. Newton is called the father of modern science.

b. Newton called this force gravity.

c. Newton explained that it was pulled down by some force.

d. An apple fell from a tree.

B. From the above passage find words which are similar in meaning
to the following words:
a. thinking about

b. movement

c. familiar

C. Answer the following questions:
a. What aroused Newton's curiosity?

b. What is gravity?

c. How did Newton prove his theory of gravity?

d. Why is Newton regarded as one of the founders of modern
science?

7. Read the following text and do the activities given below.
There was a coffee shop in front of my house where one man in his sixties
always came and spent his whole day. Out of curiosity one day I went to
the shop, ordered some coffee and sat next to him. Before I could speak,
he asked me about my home and family. After that he became quite
nostalgic. Suddenly, his eyes filled with tears as he told me that I reminded
him of his granddaughter Julli, who was in the US. I got to know his son
was in the US for the last five years. He has been staying alone after his
wife passed away a year ago. A retired officier with enough wealth, yet
there was no one to take care of him. Speaking over the phone with his
grandaughter was not enough. What he needed was love and care. From
that day onwards we became friends. He calls me grandaughter and
loves me very much. From my meeting with him, I learnt that nothing is
greater than family and that money cannot buy happiness. The key to a
happy family is love and care.

196 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

A. Mathc the following:

Coloum A Column B
i. a retired officer
a. The coffee shop
ii. to give him affection
b. The man's son iii. in front of the narrator's house
c. The old man iv. in the United States
d. The narrator succeeds

B. Choose the correct answers and complete the following sentences:
a. The narrator was ........................... the man

i. the granddaughter of
ii. the wife of
ii. a stranger to
b. The man's wife ...........................

i. left him away ii. had already died

iii. is also in the US
c. The man's age was ........................... years old.

i. sixty ii. below sixty iii. over sixty

d. In spite of enough wealth, the man is ...........................

i. cheerless ii. familyless iii. happy

C. Answer the following questions:
a. Why did the narrator actually go to the coffee shop?

b. How did the man become alone in his house?

c. What is the most important thing in a man's life?

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 197

8. Read the letter and answer the questions given below:

Baguwa Bazaar,
Trishuli, Nuwakot

December 25, 2020

Dear Sweta,
I am very much pleased to learn that you have passed the +2
in the first division. It is a brilliant success, indeed. I heartily
congratulate you in your grand success. My parents are also very
much delighted to learn about your glorious success. They told me
to convey their congratulations to you.
This is the reward of your hard work. Your efforts have been
crowned with success. May your future be bright! Please arrange a
good function to celebrate your grand achievement.
Are papa and mama alright? Convey my best regards to them and
love to little sister and brother.

Sincerely yours,
Sunita Tamang

A. Rewrite the following sentences in correct order.
a. Sunita congratulated Sweta.
b. Sunita expressed her joy at her friend's success.
c. She asked Sweta about her parents.

d. Sunita wished for her betterment.
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words from the letter.

a. Sweta succeeded in .......................

b. Sunita asked Sweta to organise ......................

c. Sweta has her younger .......................
C. Answer the following questions.

a. Where does Sunita live?

b. What is the aim of writing this letter?

c. Whom did Sunita send her best compliments?

d. How did Sweta get success?

198 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5

9. Read the following passage and do the activities that follow:
A doctor who worked in a village was annoyed because many people
used to stop him in the street and ask for his advice. In this way, he was
never paid for his services and he never managed to earn much money.
He made up his mind to put an end to this. One day he was stopped by a
young man who said to him, "Oh! doctor, I'm so glad to see you. I've got
severe pain on my left side."

The doctor pretended to be interested and said, "Shut your eyes and stick
your tongue out of your mouth."

Then he went away, leaving the man standing in the street with his tongue
hanging out ....... and a large crowd of people laughing at him.

A. Tick the best answer:
a. The doctor was annoyed .....................

i. for earning a lot of money
ii. for his profession
iii. for not earning much money
b. The young man had pain on his .....................

i. chest ii. back iii. side
c. The doctor .....................

i. didn't pay attention to the young man
ii. listened seriously
iii. pretended to be listening seriously
d. The people laughed at .....................

i. the doctor ii. themselves

iii. the young man

B. Match the words in column A with their meaning in columnn B.

Column A Column B

a. angry i. put an end

b. stop ii. acted falsely

c. violent iii. annoyed

d. pretended iv. severe

Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5 199

C. Answer these questions:
a. Why was the doctor unhappy?
b. What problem did the young man have?
c. What was the doctor's suggestion to him?
d. Why didn't the doctor earn much money?

10. Read the passage below and do the activities that follow:
We are very busy when schools are opened. We follow a routine. It is
sometimes boring, we need some rest, we want relaxation. Therefore,
holidays are always welcome. We look forward to them.

Holidays can be spent in many ways. Different students spend them
in different ways. Some spend them pursuing their hobbies. Some
enjoy games and sports. Some visit hill stations. In Nepal there are many
places of tourist interest. Some enjoy picnic and fairs. Some visit their
relatives. Some revise their lessons. Some read novels and story books.

Holidays should be properly used. After holidays, we feel refreshed
and well prepared. It helps us to learn new things.
A. Answer these questions.

a. When are we busy?
b. What happens when we are not busy?
c. How can we spend our holidays?
d. How do we feel after holidays?
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given in the passage:
a. Holidays are important because ..................
b. Holidays are spent all over the world ..................
c. Holidays should be used ..................
d. Holidays help us to ..................

11. Read the following text and do the activities that follow:
There was a clear pool in a jungle. A stag came to it. He looked in the
water and saw his reflection. He admired his beautiful antlers. Then he
saw his legs. They were thin and ugly. He was ashamed of them. Just then
he heard the barking of dogs. He knew they were the dogs of hunters.

200 Oasis Applied Grammar and Composition Book-5