READING ITEM III Thank You Note I feel deeply grateful to you for congratulating us on our wedding that came up recently. Thank you for making us feel special. Your congratulatory message means more to us than just an act of kind gesture but a sign of care and love. THANK YOU Dear Rupesh, Thank you so much for wishing me on my birthday. Your birthday wishes touched me. It was amazing, and I really loved it. I’ll always treasure you as my best friend. Yours, Gopal Activity 2 PROJECT WORK Prepare a collage of congratulation cards and thank you note browsing from the Internet. Collage: A piece of art made by sticking various different materials such as photographs and pieces of paper or fabric on to a backing or surface. Pathfinder English Reader 5 93
STEP GRAMMAR: ADVERBS 5 Activity 1 DISCUSS Meaning of adverbs Types of adverbs Position of adverbs Read and understand. An adverb is a word that modifies (changes) verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs. It tells when, where, and how an action is performed or indicates the quality or degree of the action. It means an adverb tells us about time, place, manner and degree. Example: � She always speaks truth. � I love her very much. � They are running fast. � It happened quickly. � Sometimes she talks loudly. � She went there. Activity 2 Do and learn. Choose the right answer. a. They __________________________ to music in the evening. i. usually listen ii. listen usually b. We ___________________________ on time. i. are always ii. always are c. I ___________________________ out late. i. stay rarely ii. rarely stay d. I _______________________ such a beautiful bunch of flowers. i. never have seen ii. have never seen e. We ________________________ the food. i. didn’t really like ii. really didn’t like 94 Pathfinder English Reader 5
f. She ________________________ at home on Sundays. i. seldom is ii. is seldom g. He _____________________ to the tennis club. i. went sometimes ii. sometimes went h. They ____________________in that restaurant. i. often have lunch ii. have often lunch i. She __________________ her homework. i. always has done ii. has always done j. They __________________ late at night. i. often call him ii. call him often Activity 3 Project Work Highlight the types of adverbs and position of adverbs on a chart paper. Share your project with your friends on social media. STEP WRITING : Postcard 6 Look at the following postcards. Dear Rock, I am overjoyed to hear about your new job. Congratulations and best wishes! Your hard work will definitely bring you great fortune. Believe in yourself and keep working hard for the greater promotion in the days to come. With best regards and wishes! Yours, Karan Pathfinder English Reader 5 95
Exercise a. Write a congratulation letter to your friend who has topped the final exam. b. Write a congratulation message to your friend on his/her marriage. c. Write a congratulation message to your parents on their marriage anniversary. d. Prepare a postcard and send a message to your friend on his/her getting new job. STEP PUNCTUATION : Exclamation Marks 7 Activity 1 Look and learn. Look at the following sentences: " Oh! That is a gorgeous dress! " Yes! I will marry you. " Hurray! Tomorrow is holiday. " Ouch! You stepped on my feet. NOTE: Exclamation marks are used to exclaim something. They are commonly used after interjections. Activity 2 Do and learn. Use upper case, exclamation marks and full stops where necessary. a. congratulations you’ve won the medal. b. “get out of my way “ shouted the lady. c. help me help me d. ouch it’s hot e. wow it’s beautiful f. what a hot day g. how interesting Activity 3 PROJECT WORK Highlight the uses of different interjectionslikeAlas, Oh, etc. with examples. 96 Pathfinder English Reader 5
STEP 8 PRONUNCIATION TRICKY CONSONANT SOUNDS Listen to the teacher and write the words for the following sounds. θ thief ð those ŋ ring ʃ push tʃ chalk dʒ job word use STEP 9 SPELLING RULE IE after C ancient science conscience deficient efficient fancies glaciers policies Complete the spelling of the words adding -ei or -ie in the blank spaces. br__ __f f__ __ld sh__ __ld w__ __ld p__ __rce ach__ __ve rel__ __ved repr__ __ve ch__ __f f__ __rce c__ __ling rec__ __pt t__ __r n__ __ce misch__ __f rel__ __f dec__ __t conc__ __t perc__ __ve conc__ __ve bel__ __ve bel__ __f gr__ __f gr__ __ve p__ __rce ach__ __ve rel__ __ved repr__ __ve y__ __ld s__ __ge cash__ __r pr__ __st Pathfinder English Reader 5 97
STEP LISTENING TEST 10 Instruction: Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and do the activities that follow. 1. Listen and complete. a. Marry and Bill talked on the __________ . b. Bill is writing a letter to __________ . c. Bill wants to __________ Mary. d. Bill thinks about her __________ smile. e. They used to __________ on the grass. 2. Listen and answer in short. a. Who wants to be just friends? ................................................................................... b. Why does Bill ask for an apology? ................................................................................... c. Who does not want to lose? ................................................................................... e. How is Marry for Bill? .................................................................................. g. What does he think everyday? ................................................................................... STEP 11 PROJECT WORK Prepare a colourful greeting card or a postcard of your own. 98 Pathfinder English Reader 5
UNIT 6 EXPRESSING QUANTITY Objectives of the unit After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: Ò ask questions about quantity and respond to them Ò recite the poem ‘Nature’s Environment’ and explain it Ò tell the story ‘Tit for Tat’ and rewrite it in their own words Ò identify countable and uncountable nouns and use them Ò prepare awareness creating posters on different topics STEP 1 FUN COMMUNICATION Riddle-Giggle I’ll always encourage you to follow your dreams! But you never let us sleep in the class! Pathfinder English Reader 5 99
STEP 2 LET'S TALK Language Function Expressing quantity Talking Item - 1 A : How many members are in your family? B : There are six members. A : Who are they? B : They are parents, grandparents, my sister and me. And yours? A : There are four members in my family. They are my parents, my brother and me. Talking Item - 2 A : You’re looking worried. What’s the matter? B : Yes, I’m upset today. I lost my purse on the way. A : Sorry to hear that. How much money did you lose? B : I lost one thousand rupees. A : Oh, it’s great amount. B : Can you help me, please? A : Of course! But how much money do you need? B : I need five hundred rupees. A : OK, I’ll give you that. Talking Item - 3 A : How many students are in your class? B : We don’t have many students, just eight. A : That’s great! You can study a lot. 100 Pathfinder English Reader 5
B : Right. And I can talk to the teacher a lot as well. That’s good. A : Do you have many friends in your class? B : Yes, I go out with them a lot. Talking Item - 4 A : Hey, dear, we need to go shopping. B : I don’t think so; we’ve got a lot of food here. A : We don’t have much milk and bread, and we don’t have much sugar, cereals and juice too. B : If so, let’s go shopping this evening. But how much money do we need? A : We need five thousand. B : OK. I’ll manage that. Talking Item - 5 A : Excuse me. I’d like to reserve a room. B : What kind of room do you want? A : What kind of room do you have? B : We have single and double rooms. A : How much are those rooms? B : Single room costs two thousand rupees and double room costs five thousands. A : A single room, please. B : OK, please fill up this form. Pathfinder English Reader 5 101
STEP 3 LET’S RECITE Read the given texts at home. Note down their unfamiliar words and write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages. Activity 1 Pre-reading Project Activity 2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION Ask and answer about the activities given in the pre-reading project. Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. a. What does nature give us? b. Why should we protect nature? Nature’s Environment Beauty of nature, we all love to see, From tiny insect to exotic tree. So much life and diversity, You can learn more, at university. Our environment, keeps us alive, We must protect it, for society to thrive. Creates oxygen, that we all consume, What’s more prettier, than a flower bloom? We must combat, deforestation, It is the duty of every single nation. Let’s begin, by fighting pollution, against Think together, to find a solution. 102 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Activity 4 VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add synonyms. surroundings flourish use cut down trees contamination mysterious variety campus a. Exotic: unusual and exciting ____________ b. Diversity: the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something; ____________ c. University: is an institution of higher learning providing facilities for teaching ____________ d. Environment: a natural world encompasses all living and nonliving things occurring naturally, ____________ e. Thrive: to grow, develop, or be successful ____________ f. Consume: eat, drink, or ingest (food or drink). ____________ g. Deforestation: the action of clearing a wide area of trees. ______ h. Pollution: the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change ____________ 2. WORDS IN USE Choose the correct word to complete the sentences. university pollution deforestation diversity a. Nepal is rich in cultural __________. b. Forest fire results into __________. c. Polybags are causes of environmental __________. d. We get higher level education from a __________. Pathfinder English Reader 5 103
Activity 5 COMPREHENSION CHECK Answer the following questions: a. What do we love to see? b. What can we learn from nature? c. Why should we protect environment? d. What do we get from environment? Activity 6 CREATIVE TASK Write a poem about the beauty of natural environment. Recite your poem to your friends and share it on social media. STEP 4 READING READING ITEM I At a Store Activity 1 INTENSIVE READING Read and act. Shopping for a Sweater Shop assistant : May I help you? Customer : Yes, I’m looking for a sweater. Shop assistant : What size are you? Customer : I’m an extra-large. Shop assistant : Would you like a plain sweater or something else? 104 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Customer : I’m looking for a plain blue sweater. Shop assistant : How about this one? Customer : Yes, that’s nice. Could I try it on? Shop assistant : Certainly, the changing rooms are over there. Customer : Thank you. (Goes into a changing room to try on the sweater.) Shop assistant : How does it fit? Customer : It’s too large. Do you have a large? Shop assistant : Yes, here you are. Would you like to try it on to see if it fits? Customer : No that’s Okay. Thank you. I’ll take it. I’m also looking for some nice slacks. Shop assistant : Great. We have some very nice wool slacks over here. Would you like to take a look? Customer : Yes, thanks for your help. Shop assistant : What are your measurements? Customer : I’m a 38’’ waist and a 32” inseam. Shop assistant : What do you think about these? Customer : They’re nice, but I’d prefer cotton trousers if you have them. Shop assistant : Certainly, our summer slacks collection is over here. How about these? Customer : Yes, I like those. Do you have them in grey as well? Shop assistant : Yes, here’s a pair. You said you the measurements are 38” by 32”, didn’t you? Customer : Yes, that’s correct. I’ll go try them on. Pathfinder English Reader 5 105
Shop assistant : Let me know if you need any help. Customer : Thank you. (comes back) These are great. So, that makes one sweater and a pair of grey slacks. Shop assistant : OK, how would you like to pay? Customer : Do you take credit cards? Shop assistant : Yes, we do. Visa, Master Card, and American Express. Customer : OK, here’s my Visa. Shop assistant : Thank you. Have a nice day! Customer : Thank you, goodbye. Activity 2 COMPREHENSION CHECK Read the conversation and complete the sentences with the correct information. a. The conversation takes place between a __________and a shop assistant in a shop. b. The customer is looking for a __________. c. The customer is __________size. d. Besides a sweater, the customer is also looking for some nice __________. e. The customer prefers __________slacks to woolen slacks. f. The customer likes __________color slacks. g. The customer makes payment using a __________card. Activity 6 CREATIVE TASK Write a conversation between a customer and a shopkeeper about buying ready-made clothes or something else. 106 Pathfinder English Reader 5
READING ITEM II STORY Read the given story at home. Note down its unfamiliar words and write their contextual meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages. Activity 1 PRE-READING PROJECT Activity 2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION a. Ask and answer about the activities given in the pre-reading project. b. What do you do if somebody deceives you? Do you take revenge or excuse? Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. a. Why was the camel beaten? b. Why was the camel fire with the fox? c. How did the camel teach the fox a lesson? Tit for Tat Once there was a time, a camel and a jackal became fast friends. They used to wander together on the bank of a river. They helped each other in finding food. One day, there was a shortage of food in their area. The camelsuggested going to the other side of the river in search of food. The jackal agreed. The river was deep and Pathfinder English Reader 5 107
wide. The jackal did not know how to swim. The camel asked him to get onto his back and they would cross the river. Wading through the deep water, the camel reached the other bank. There was a melon field on that bank of the river. Both friends entered the field and began to eat melons with delight. The jackal was soon filled. He began to howl. The camel asked to stop this but the jackal told him that howling after the hearty meal was his habit. Despite the request of the camel, the jackal did not stop howling. The owner heard the howling and came into the field with his assistants. They had carried stout sticks in their hands. Seeing the people coming towards , the jackal ran away from there and hid somewhere but the camel could not flee. 108 Pathfinder English Reader 5
The owner of the melons reached there with his helpers and thrashed the camel with the heavy bushy sticks and chased him away from the farm. The camel was hurt badly. The jackal came out from the bush and sat on the back of the camel. The camel was fire inside. He spoke nothing. They started their journey back to the other bank of the river. The jackal was enjoying his ride on the camel but the camel was feeling unbearable pain. When the camel reached in the middle of the river, he dived into the water. The jackal began to yell. He requested the camel no to do so. But the camel told him that bathing after the hearty meal was his habit. The camel dived deep and the jackal drowned into the river and met his doom. Moral: As you sow, so shall you reap. Activity 4 VOCABULARY TEST 1. Learn and add synonyms. whipped sank insufferable death ramble scarcity advised Word Meaning Synonym wander stroll shortage deficiency suggested proposed thrashed beat unbearable intolerable doom fate drowned went into water Pathfinder English Reader 5 109
2. Find the opposite words from the story. floated enemies bearable plenty 3. WORDS IN USE Complete the sentences with the correct words. started loitering proposed paddling demanded a. The camel going to the other side of the river in search of food. b. through the deep water, the camel reached the other bank. c. The jackal the camel no to do so. d. The jackal to yell. e. We spent the morning around the old part of the city. Activity 5 COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Choose the correct option. a. The camel and the jackal were: i. fast foes ii. fast pals iii. fast fighters b. The river was: i. shallow and short ii. long and thin iii. profound and extensive c. There was a farm of …………….on the other side of the river. i. mangoes ii. melons iii. millets d. The jackal started to howl: i. before eating ii. after eating iii. while eating e. The camel received a good i. diet of lemons ii. thrash of sticks iii. message of sticks 110 Pathfinder English Reader 5
f. The jackal met his fate i. in the farm ii. in the river iii. on the river bank 2. Answer the following questions: a. Why did the camel and the jackal go to the other side of the river? b. What did the jackal say when the camel request him not to howl? c. Why was the camel fire with the jackal? d. What did the camel reply when the jackal requested him not to dive? e. How did the jackal meet his doom? Activity 6 CREATIVE TASK Write a story of your own, giving the moral “tit for tat.” Tell your story to your class and share it with your friends on social media. Activity 7 PROJECT WORK You can read many stories about friendship on the Internet. Rewrite one of your favorites. Tell it to your class and share it with friends on social media. STEP GRAMMAR 5 Grammar Items Countable and uncountable nouns Determiners much and many Activity 1 Discuss and learn. " What are countable nouns? " What are uncountable nouns? " What is difference between countable and uncountable nouns? Pathfinder English Reader 5 111
Countable and uncountable Nouns Nouns can be countable or uncountable. Countable nouns can be counted in number, e.g. an apple, two apples, three apples, etc. Uncountable nouns cannot be counted in number, e.g. air, rice, water, etc. When you learn a new noun, you should check if it is countable or uncountable and note how it is used in a sentence. Unlike countable nouns, uncountable nouns are substances, concepts, etc. that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot “count” them. For example, we cannot count “milk”. We can count “bottles of milk” or “litres of milk”, but we cannot count “milk” itself. Moreover, we can’t change uncountable nouns into plural form and we can’t use article ‘a’ and ‘an’ before them, too. Here are some more uncountable nouns: music, art, love, happiness, advice, information, news, furniture, luggage, rice, sugar, butter, water, sand, ghee, oil, electricity, gas, power, money, currency, wealth We usually treat uncountable nouns as singular. We use a singular verb. For example: " This news is very important. " I need some oil. We do not usually use the indefinite article a/an with uncountable nouns. We cannot say “an information” or “a music”. But we can say a “something” of: A piece of information A piece of news A bottle of water A cup of coffee A sack of rice A pinch of salt We can use some and any with uncountable nouns: � I’ve got some money. � Have you got any rice? � I’ve got a little money. � I haven’t got much rice. 112 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Activity 2 Do and learn. Put the correct determiner many or much. Hint: We use many with countable nouns and much with uncountable nouns. ........... oil ........... insects ........... blood ........... happiness ........... milk ........... attention ........... power ........... parties ........... men ........... gas ........... leaves ........... attraction ........... ghee ........... water ........... flowers ........... oranges ........... love ........... plastic ........... books ........... beauty ........... stars ........... teeth ........... sticks ........... information Activity 3 Do and learn. Fill in much or many to complete the sentences. a. How _______books do you read daily? b. Don’t eat _______sugar. It’s harmful. c. There is _______water to wash clothes. d. We should not eat _______oily food. e. How _______brothers and sisters has he got? f. I don’t receive _______letters nowadays. g. The soup is so salty. You have put too _______salt in it. h. How _______plates do we need for the party? i. There was not _______traffic on the road. j. It doesn’t make _______sense. k. How ........ money do you need? Pathfinder English Reader 5 113
STEP WRITING : POSTER 6 Activity 1 Look and learn. Make a colorful poster on ‘no smoking’. WORLD DAY 3 MAY QUIT NOW NO TOBACCO STOP SMOKING! “Smoking takes life....... Cut it out from your life !!!” Activity 2 PROJECT WORK Make a collage of ‘no smoking’ and ‘tree plantation’ taking help from the Internet. STEP PUNCTUATION : Apostrophe(’) Comma 7 Activity 1 Look and learn. 1. Look and act in pairs. A : What is your father’s name? B : My father’s name is John. A : Whose book is this? B : This is David’s book. A : How is it? B : It’s wonderful. 114 Pathfinder English Reader 5
NOTE: We use apostrophe (’) comma to show possession and in the contraction forms of verbs or to omit letters. Activity 2 Do and learn. Rewrite the following sentences using upper case, comma and apostrophe where necessary. my mothers name is urmila. i dont like him. hes a fraud. this is my brothers bike. im really busy today. its a wonderful plan. these are studets bags. you shouldnt tell that. we didnt see him today. lets play hide and seek. its nepals first medal in olympic STEP 8 PRONUNCIATION The pronunciation of-ed The pronunciation of -ed at the end of verbs depends on the last sound in the verb before -ed is added. There are three possible pronunciations of -ed, and they are /ɪd/, /d/, and /t/. It is important to remember that the pronunciation of -ed depends on the last sound of the verb and not the last letter of the verb. There are three possible pronunciations of -ed at the end of verbs. Pathfinder English Reader 5 115
d all verbs that end with voiced sound: /b/, /d/, /g/, /j/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/ -ed id verbs that end with T and D sounds t verbs that end with unvoiced p,f,s,ʃ,ʧ,k sound /ɪd/ If the base verb ends in one of these sounds : T and D, the pronunciation of –ed is pronounced as /ɪd/. wanted ended ejected collected painted handed /t/ If the base verb ends with the following sounds, it is pronounced as /t/. These are unvoiced sounds. /p/ /f/ /s/ /ʃ/ /ʧ/ /k/ hope laugh focus wash watch like hoped laughed focused washed watched liked NOTE : For voiced and unvoiced consonants, visit at https://www.youtube. com/watch 116 Pathfinder English Reader 5
/d/ All other voiced sounds that end with /b/, /d/, /g/, /j/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/ pronounced as /d/. played allowed begged loved rained gained VOICED : Voiced consonants need the vocal chord vibrations to produce the sound. The voiced consonants are /b/, /d/, /g/, /j/, /l/, /m/, /n/, /r/, /v/, /w/, /y/, /z/. UNVOICED : Unvoiced, or voiceless consonants, do not need the vocal chord vibrations to produce the sound. The unvoiced consonants are /f/, /k/, /p/, /s/, /t/. word use STEP 9 HOT BASED SPELLING RULE The following nouns are changed into plural by adding -es to them. buffalo → buffaloes potato → potatoes tomato → tomatoes Hero → heroes volcano → volcanoes cargo → cargoes mango → mangoes echo → echoes Activity 1 HOT Question What do you write in the blank space to form its spelling rule? Most words ending in……………….form their plural by adding – es. Remember! " Q never comes alone. U follows Q. " No English words end with the letter V. " The letters K, J, W and X are not doubled. Pathfinder English Reader 5 117
STEP LISTENING TEST 10 Instruction: Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and do the activities that follow. 1. Listen and state ‘Yes’ or ‘No’. a. Liz and her mom were travelling to Asia. b. It was their second trip. c. They belong to Europe. d. Liz was excited about her journey. e. They were flying to Beijing and then Hon Kong. 2. Listen and complete. a. Liz and her mom were going to visit to . b. First, they will fly to . c. They will stay three in Hong Kong. d. They belong to . e. They will travel to China on their ship. STEP 11 PROJECT WORK Highlight the pronunciation of ED at the end of verbs with examples. T wanted D needed /id/ /t/ P helped K looked SH washed CH watched GH laughed TH breathed SS kissed C danced X fixed /d/ L called N cleaned R offered G damaged V loved S used W followed Y enjoyed Z amazed Voiced Sound VOICELESS VOICED use the vocal cords and they produce a vibration or humming sound int he throat The Pronunciation Of Words Ending In ED depends on the final consonant (sound). There are three ways to pronounced ED. PRONUNCIATION OF ED 118 Pathfinder English Reader 5
UNIT 7 MAKING COMPARISON Objectives of the unit After the completion of this unit, students will be able to: Ò describe things, persons and places by comparison Ò tell and write about factual things, animals and places Ò use comparative adjectives and adverbs Ò use definite article ‘the’ correctly Ò write short paragraphs about effects of smoking and others Ò use question marks STEP 1 BRAIN TEASER Ask and answer. a. It belongs to you, but your friends use it more. What is it? b. How many months of the year have 28 days? c. What kind of band never plays music? d. What is the end of everything? e. What runs, but never walks. Murmurs, but never talks. Has a bed, but never sleeps. And has a mouth, but never eats? f. A plane crashed between the border of France and Belgium. Where were the survivors buried? g. Sara has four daughters, and each of her daughters has a brother. How many children does Sara have? h. Which is heavier: a ton of bricks or a ton of feathers? Pathfinder English Reader 5 119
STEP 2 LET'S TALK Language Function Making comparison Talking Item - 1 David : How do you like living in a big city? Maria : I like it so much more than living in the country. There are many things that make it better. David : Oh, really? Can you give me some examples? Maria : Well, it certainly is more interesting out in the city than it is in the country. There is so much more to do and see! David : Yes, but the city is more dangerous than the country. Maria : That’s true. People in the city aren’t as open and friendly as those in the countryside, and the streets aren’t as safe. David : I’m sure that the country is more relaxed, too! Maria : Yes, the city is busier than the country. However, the country feels much slower than the city. David : I think that’s a good thing! Maria : Oh, I don’t. The country is so boring! Being in the country is much more boring than being in the city. David : How about the cost of living? Is the country cheaper than the city? Maria : Oh, yes. Living in the city is more expensive than in the country. David : Life in the country is also much healthier than in the city. Maria : Yes, it’s cleaner and less dangerous in the country. But, the city 120 Pathfinder English Reader 5
is so much more exciting. It’s faster, crazier and more fun. David : I think you are crazy for moving to the city. Maria : Well, I’m young now. Maybe when I’m married and have children I’ll move back to the country (Beare, Kenneth. “ESL Beginner Dialogue Comparing the City and the Country.”) Talking Item - 2 A : Would you mind ifI ask you some questions about your family? B : Not at all. You can ask any question. A : Who are the youngest and oldest members in your family? B : My brother Rohit is the youngest member and my grandfather is the oldest one. A : Who is more educated_ your father or mother? B : My father is more educated than my mother. A : Who is taller_father or mother? B : My father is taller than my mother. A : Who is fatter_father or mother? B : My mother is fatter than my father. A : Who helps you more with your homework? B : Obviously, my mother helps me more with my homework. A : Thank you so much for your information. Pathfinder English Reader 5 121
STEP 3 LET’S RECITE Read the given poem at home. Note down its unfamiliar words and write their contextual meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages. Activity 1 PRE-READING PROJECT Activity 2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION a. Ask and answer about the activities given in the pre-reading project. b. Have you ever seen tornado? What happens during cyclone? Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. What happens in tornado? In A Twist We felt the rain, wind, and hail, and Then the thunder and lightning came. The winds gathered up and began to spin Like a spinning top, sucking up dust like a vacuum cleaner The twister went around and around, like a merry-go round The gusts of air were picking up dust. It continued to roar loudly Destroying everything Along the way Soon it was Gone! 122 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Activity 4 Answer the following questions. a. What things follow to rain, wind and hail? b. What happens after that? c. How did twister go up? d. What does ‘Soon it was gone’ refer to? STEP 4 READING READING ITEM I A Factual Text Read the given text at home. Note down its unfamiliar words and write their contextual meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages and learn them. Activity 1 Pre-reading project Activity2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION a. Ask and answer about the activities given in the pre-reading project. b. What do you know about the following animals? Tell your friends. Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. a. Why are kangaroos strange animals? b. What do kangaroos eat? c. What are kangaroos known best for? Pathfinder English Reader 5 123
World’s Largest Marsupial Have you ever seen kangaroos? They are really strange animals. They are mostly found in Australia. Let’s read about the red kangaroos of Australia. The red kangaroos can leap 25 feet in one hop and move for short periods at 35 miles an hour. A full grown male stands as tall as a six foot person and weighs 200 pounds. This is slightly bigger than the grey kangaroo, making it the world’s largest marsupial. A mammal that has a pouch for carrying, feeding and protecting her young is called marsupial. While a red kangaroo may be the largest marsupial, the newborn baby is tiny, under an inch long. After a few months of sleeping, nursing and growing in mom’s stomach pouch the young kangaroo (joey) begins to come out. But it hurries back to the pouch fast when frightened, hungry or cold. Eventually, the joey gets so big it hangs out of the pouch. Then, at eight months old, it stays out. But the joey remains close to mom until ready to live on its own. Red kangaroos are good swimmers. However, they are best known for their hopping abilities. Their long, powerful hind legs have big feet. Hopping moves them quickly over their grassy, shrubby and desert habitats. Meanwhile, a thick tail helps them balance and steer. Red kangaroos eat grass, leaves and other vegetation. And guess what - they often regurgitate food and chew their cud just like a cow. The red kangaroo’s vegetarian diet provides much of its water. It can also go long periods without drinking. Staying in the shade, panting and limiting most activity to nighttime helps the red kangaroo conserve water and stay cool. 124 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Red kangaroos travel together in groups called mobs. Mobs include both males and females, with one male being dominant. Males show their dominance by “boxing” with other males. They balance on their tails and try pushing each other off balance with their forearms or by kicking their hind legs. This kicking ability, along with their sharp claws, can also be used by kangaroos to defend against Australia’s wild dog, the dingo. Activity 4 VOCABULARY TEST The scrambled (jumbled) words below are vocabulary words from the article. Unscramble (put in order) each word and write it on the line. Please be sure each word is spelled correctly. a. Type of wild dog in Australia : nodig : __________ b. Long high jump : lpae : __________ c. Plants : onativeget : __________ d. Breathing heavily to cool off : igptann : __________ e. Place that is dry most of the time : drtees : __________ f. Power over others; controlling : andceomin : __________ g. Type of mammal in which the mother has a pouch for carrying her young ones : pmisualar : __________ Activity 5 WORDS IN USE a. This is slightly bigger than the grey kangaroo. The word slightly refers to: i. This is a bit bigger than the grey kangaroo. ii. This is extremely bigger than the grey kangaroo. iii. This is significantly bigger than the grey kangaroo. b. Kangaroos are really strange animals. The word strange refers to: i. common ii. unusual iii. ordinary Pathfinder English Reader 5 125
c. They often regurgitate food and chew their cud just like a cow. The word regurgitated refers to: i. taking food back to mouth again ii. chewing food properly keeping in the mouth iii. swallowing all food without chewing d. They are best known for their hopping abilities. The word hopping can be best replaced by i. walking ii. leaping iii. crawling Activity 5 COMPREHENSION CHECK 1. Red kangaroos are... a. omnivores b. carnivores c. herbivores d. insectivores Explain why you chose the answer above. Because they eat only plants. 2. Complete the graphic organizer. The ways kangaroos keep cool ............................. ...................... ...................... 126 Pathfinder English Reader 5
a. When does a baby kangaroo come out of its mother’s pouch for the first time? i. about a month after it is born ii. a few months after it is born iii. about 8 months after b. What is called a group of kangaroos? __________ c. What is called a baby of kangaroo? ____________ Activity 6 CREATIVE TASK Write a couple of paragraphs about kangaroos. Activity 7 PROJECT WORK Read some essays about elephants or rhinos on the Internet. Rewrite one of them. READING ITEM II FACTUAL TEXT Read the given texts at home. Note down their unfamiliar words and write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages and learn them. Activity 1 PRE-READING PROJECT Activity2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION a. Ask and answer about the activities given in the pre-reading project. b. What do you know about our earth? Tell your friends. Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. a. What things make earth a living planet? b. How do the events of day and night occur? Pathfinder English Reader 5 127
Earth We all live on Earth, why? Well, Earth is the only planet in our solar system that has all the things we need to survive: 21% oxygen in the air to breathe, water to drink and all at just the right temperature warmed by the sun. Its name comes from the Old English word ‘ertha’ and the ‘Anglo- Saxon’ ‘word ‘erda’ which mean ground or soil. It was formed around five billion years ago. It is a member of our sun family which is called solar system. The Blue Planet Earth, the third planet from the sun, is referred to as ‘The Blue Planet’ because of how it looks from space_blue. This is due to the fact that over 2/3 of the earth’s surface is covered with water. I’m spinning around. The earth spins on its axis once every 24 hours_ that’s what gives us day and night as we spin to face the sun and then away from it again. You wouldn’t notice but the earth’s spin is actually slowing down by 17 milliseconds per hundred years. Eventually, this will lengthen our days but itwill take around 140 million years before our day will have increased from 24 to 25 hours. I wonder if children 140 million years from now will have an extra hour at school. While spinning on its own axis, the earth is also orbiting the sun. The distance between the earth and the sun is fifteen crore kilometers. The rays of the sun reach the earth in eight minutes. Earth takes around 365 days to do one full circuit around the sun. This gives us the length of our years. Our seasons are also dependent on the orbit of the earth as our planet is tilted at an angle. This means that around one side of the sun we are tilted 128 Pathfinder English Reader 5
towards it_ giving us warmer temperature and longer days … our summer. However, around the other side of the sun we are tilted away from it giving us less light and cooler temperature_ this is our winter. All in all, it’s a pretty amazing planet. This is why we are glad to call it our common home where all kinds of creatures habitat. We call it ‘the living planet’ because no other planet has life. Activity 4 COMPREHENSION CHECK a. How long does it take the earth to spin once on its axis? b. Will the earth always spin at this speed? If not, how it changes? c. Why do we experience summer around one side of the sun? d. Why the earth is also called the Blue Planet? e. What three things make it possible to survive on the earth? Activity 5 CREATIVE TASK Write an essay about the earth and share it with your friends. Activity 6 PROJECT WORK Read some essays about the sun and rewrite one of them in your words. STEP GRAMMAR 5 Grammar Items Comparison: Degrees Articles: a,an,the Activity 1 DISCUSS ON DEGREES " What are positive, comparative and superlative degrees? " How to change positive into comparative and superlative degrees? Pathfinder English Reader 5 129
Comparative degree When two people or things are compared, comparative adjectives or adverbs are used. Normally, -er form of adjectives and adverbs is used. " Cricket ball is smaller than football. " Football is bigger than cricket ball. " The sun is brighter than the moon. Superlative degree When one person, thing or place is compared to every other is called superlative degree. Normally, -est form of adjectives and adverbs is used. " Monika is the tallest girl in our class. " The Sahara Desert is the biggest desert of all. " Mt. Everest is the highest peak in the world. small smaller smallest Tall Taller Tallest Adjective Add er Add est small smaller smallest tall taller tallest Activity 2 Do and learn. Complete the gaps with the positive, comparative or superlative form of the adjective. a. Giraffes are the ……………….land animal. i. tall ii. taller iii. tallest b. The Tower of London is ………………than the Tower Bridge. i. old ii. older iii. the oldest 130 Pathfinder English Reader 5
c. My brother is ……………..than my sister. i. tall ii. taller iii. the tallest d. Boys usually have…………….hair than girls. i. short ii. shorter iii. shortest e. Which is …………of the two? i. difficult ii. more difficult iii. most difficult f. I am as………………as you are. i. old ii. older iii. oldest g. Canada is ……. than China but Russia is the …………country. i. big ii. bigger iii. biggest h. It was -------------- expensive restaurant I’ve been to. i. more ii. the more iii. the most i. It is ……………..art collection in Europe. i. fine ii. finer iii. the finest Activity 3 PROJECT WORK Make a list of fifty adjectives with their positive, comparative and superlative degrees. Positive Comparative Superlative tall taller tallest Activity 4 Discuss the use of definite article ‘the’ " What is definite article? " When do we use definite article ‘the’? Pathfinder English Reader 5 131
Look at these sentences: a. Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain in the world. b. America is the most powerful country in the world. c. I saw a man. The man was carrying an umbrella. d. Asia is the largest continent in the world. e. America is the most populated country in the world. f. The Great Wall is in China. NOTE: We use article ‘the’ before the superlative degree, definite things, repeated nouns, famous monuments,news paper,deserts, seas, etc. Activity 5 Do and learn. Use article ‘a’, ‘an’ or ‘the’ where appropriate. a. I see _______animal in the bush. _______animal looks like a fox. b. Where is _______USB drive I lent you last week? c. She eats _______egg and _______glass of milk in the morning. d. We went to India to see _______Red Fort and _______Taj Mahal. e. Do you read _______ newspaper daily? f. I read _______Kathmandu Post and _______Gorkhapatra daily. g. An owl is _______ wise bird while _______ crow is a clever bird. h. Have you seen _______Liberty Statue? i. Who is _______richest person in the world? j. She had _______longest hair. Activity 6 PROJECT WORK Highlight the uses of article ‘the’ with examples on a chart paper. Share your project with your friends on social sites. 132 Pathfinder English Reader 5
STEP WRITING PARAGRAPHS 6 Why should we not smoke? Write it in a paragraph with the help of given ideas. effects of smoking loss of eye sight lung and throat cancer heart disease yellow teeth loss of appetite loss of money diabetes conflict headache gum problem aging skin smelly mouth Pathfinder English Reader 5 133
STEP PUNCTUATION 7 Use of question mark(?) Look at these sentences: Do you like him? He is a leader, isn’t he? What do you eat in breakfast? Can you help me, please? Wasn’t it good? Did they see you? Does she learn Chinese? How old are you? NOTE: We use a question mark to ask a question. Activity 1 Do and learn. Use upper case, question marks, full stops, exclamation marks, apostrophes and commas where necessary. a. aren’t you going with me b. did you bring my book oh sorry i forgot it. c. wow what a dance d. lets make better e. keep quite or go out f. when did you return g. wont you come to my party h. i need a ring a necklace and an earing i. i think she wont come today j. did you do pre reading project k. nepal is a beautiful country l. mt everest is the highest mountain 134 Pathfinder English Reader 5
STEP 8 PRONUNCIATION Activity 1 Do and learn. Tick the correct pronunciation of the-ed in the following verbs. Verbs /t/ /d/ /Id/ asked closed decided kicked elected dropped enjoyed finished tired helped jerked kissed missed lived moved mended opened needed clapped rolled grabbed cooked Pathfinder English Reader 5 135
word use STEP 9 HOT BASED SPELLING RULE All together or altogether? The word altogether and the phrase all together can be confusing. Altogether means completely or totally while all together is a phrase which means in a group that refersto the members of a group performing an action collectively. Exercise1 TEST YOURSELF Put the correct one(all together or altogether) in the blank spaces. a. Some businesses have closed ……………………………… b. The play was ………………….dreadful. c. The show brought everyone…………………….. d. The team met and went to the game …………………. e. Five o’clock in the morning is ………………too early to leave a warm, cozy bed. f. The six members of the secret club _____ decided to recruit new members. g. The movie was …………………terrifying. h. Nita, Rita, and Anna decided to go to the movies ……………… i. What he said was …………ridiculous. j. It was great when we could finally meet ………………….. STEP LISTENING TEST 10 Instruction: Listen to the teacher or the audio disc and do the activities that follow. Listen and tick the correct answer. a. Where does the writer live? i. in an apartment ii. on a boat iii. on a ranch iv. in a house 136 Pathfinder English Reader 5
b. How many members of the family are there? i. one ii. two iii. six iv. seven v. ten c. How is the grandfather related to the writer’s mother? i. He is her husband. ii. He is her father. iii. He is her brother. iv. He is her child. d. Where did the grandfather work? i. on a ranch ii. at a hotel iii. in a factory iv. in a store e. How does the writer’s family like to do? i. Watch movies ii. Go to the park iii. Listen to grandfather iv. Play games f. What stories does grandfather tell? i. Stories about where he grew up ii. Stories about his grandchildren iii. Stories about work iv. Stories about the neighborhood STEP 11 PROJECT WORK Make a list of confusing words like principal and principle. STEP 1 : ANSWER a. Your name b. All of them! Every month has *at least* 28 days. c. A rubber band d. The letter “G” e. A river f. They weren’t. Survivors don’t need to be buried g. Five—each daughter has the same brother h. They weigh the same Pathfinder English Reader 5 137
UNIT 8 DESCRIBING LOCATION Objectives of the unit After the completion of the unit, students will be able to: Ò ask questions about location and respond to them Ò ask for direction and respond to the questions Ò describe famous places Ò use simple future Ò use time place prepositions Ò identify the silent letter g in words Ò use semi-colon correctly STEP 1 FUN COMMUNICATION Riddle-Giggle Of course, not. Sir, you wouldn’t punish me for something I didn’t do, right? Thank you, sir! I didn’t do my homework. 138 Pathfinder English Reader 5
STEP 2 LET'S TALK Language Function describing months, seasons, and giving direction Talking Item - 1 A : What’s your town like? B : Well, it’s quite old. There’s a big square in the town center. It’s called Town Hall Square because the town hall is there. Here_ I’ve got a postcard of the square. The town Hall is the big building at the end of the square. A : Is there a market in the square? B : Yes, there is. There’s a market every Wednesday. And once a year, there’s a French market, too. A : A French market? B : Yes, people from France come to the town and you can buy French cheese and bread and things like that. A : That sounds nice. What are the other buildings in the square? B : Well, on one side of the square there’s a big hotel_ The Angel Hotel. There’s a good restaurant at the hotel, and there’s a club in the basement, too. We usually go there on Saturday nights. Opposite the hotel, there is a museum. A : What kind of museum is it? B : Oh, there are photographs and things about the town there. Next to the museum_ between the museum and the town hall _ there is a café. When the weather is nice, you can sit outside in front of it. A : Where are the shops? B : Oh, well, when you leave Town Hall Square, there’s a post office on the corner next to the hotel. Then you come into Penny Street. Most of the shops are there. There are clothes shops, shoe shops, banks and the normal places. Pathfinder English Reader 5 139
Talking Item - 2 Sujon : Hello Nayan! How are you? Nayan : Hi, I am fine. And you? Sujon : I am fine, too. Thank you. Nayan : Where are you going? Sujon : I want to go to the railway station. But I don’t know it. Could you please tell me the way to the railway station? Nayan : Of course. It’s very simple and not so far from here. Go straight for few minutes and then you will find a left turn road. Keep going along the road about 100 yards. Sujon : Fine. Then? Nayan : There you will see a foot over bridge. Cross it and turn right. Within a few moments you will see a red building. That’s it. Sujon : Thank you very much. Nayan : You are most welcome. But why are you going there? Sujon : I need to buy a ticket to Dhaka. See you later. Bye. Nayan : Goodbye. STEP 3 LET’S RECITE Read the given poem at home. Note down its unfamiliar words and write their meanings using a dictionary or the Internet. Listen to their pronunciations. Write their similar and opposite meanings along with their usages Activity 1 PRE-READING PROJECT Activity 2 PRE-READING DISCUSSION a. Ask and answer about the task given in the pre-reading project. b. What do you mean by freedom and friendship? 140 Pathfinder English Reader 5
Activity 3 INTENSIVE READING Read and discuss. a. What does the poet think about friendship? b. Why should we have our minds open? Freedom and Friendship What does it mean to be free? ‘That I don’t have to think like you Or you like me’ We can still be friends, Get along in harmony, Show mutual respect, Even if we think, differently. Minds have to be open, In order to be free, So please if you want, True openness to progress, Don’t make yourself ‘more’ While those that are different, Only tolerance makes us progress, Love more and hate less. -By Sandra Feldman Pathfinder English Reader 5 141
Activity 4 VOCABULARY TEST 1. There is an antonym in each set of synonyms. Circle the antonym and learn both synonyms and antonyms. harmony agreement disorder coherence coordination mutual individual common reciprocal shared progress development growth decline improvement tolerance patience bias self-control acceptance friends foes companions allies pals 2. From the above poem, find the words that mean: a. A situation in which people are peaceful and agree with each other: _____ b. The power or right to act, speak, or think as one wants is called ____ c. Willingness to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own is called ________. d. A situation in which two people are friends is called ________. Activity 5 COMPREHENSION CHECK Complete the summary of the poem with the help of the given words. mutual, open, progress, self-control, love, necessary, differently, respect According to the poet, it is not ________to think the same to be friends and to be free. We may think ________but we can be friends. The most important thing is that we must ________others to get respect. When we show respect each other, that is called ________respect. Not only this, our minds must be ________to be free. If we have narrow mind, we can’t think freely. So our ________depends on our tolerance. We must have the power of ________which is called tolerance. We should ________more and hate less. That is the only way of to be free. When we start to love all, no body becomes our enemy. And we feel freedom in the world because there is none to harm us. 142 Pathfinder English Reader 5