$= pkofl] utf, ;LdfGt pkof]lutf / s'n pkof]lutfsf] kl/ro lbO{ ;LdfGt pkofl] utf xf| ; lgod,
;d ;LdfGt pkofl] utf lgod / pkef]Stf jrtsf] JofVof ug{
%= dfusf] lgod, kl" t{sf] lgod tyf oL larsf] ;Gtn' g tflnsf / /v] flrq;lxt JofVof ug{
^= dfu / k"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt ul0ftLo ;d:ofx¿ xn u/L ;Gt'lnt d"No / kl/df0f kQf nufpg
tyf dfu / k"lt{sf] nfr] sf] cy{ / k|sf/ atfO{ ltgsf] u0fgf ug{
&= pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿sf] kl/ro, cy{ / ljzi] ftf atfpg
*= kh'F L lgdf0{ fsf] cy{, kl| jm| of / dxŒj jtfpg
(= JolStut tyf ;fem]bf/L Joj;fo / ;+oS' t kF'hL sDkgLsf] kl/ro / kmfObf tyf a]kmfObfx¿
atfpg
!)= ;fjh{ lgs pBdsf] kl/ro lbg / dxŒj tyf ;d:ofx¿ pNnv] ug{
!!= >d ljefhgsf] cy{, lsl;d, kmfObf tyf ak] mfObfx¿ pNnv] u/L >dsf] sfo{ bIftf / o;nfO{
ke| fj kfg]{ tŒjx¿ atfpg
!@= hg;ª\Vof l;4fGt -dfNy;sf] hg;ª\Vof l;4fGt / cfb{z hg;ªV\ of l;4fGt_ JofVof ug{
!#= /fli6«o cfosf ljleGg cjwf/0ff, dfkg ug{] ljlwx¿ / dfkgsf sl7gfO{x¿ atfpg
!$= g]kfndf jg hªu\ n, vlgh / hn;f| t] sf] jtd{ fg cj:yf, dxŒj / ;DefJotf klxrfg ug{
!%= gk] fndf jg ljgfzsf sf/0f / c;/x¿ tyf jg ;/+ If0f / ;j+ wg{ sf pkfox¿ j0f{g ug{
!^= dfgj ;;+ fwg ljsf;sf] cy{ / dxŒj atfpg tyf dfgj ljsf; ;r" sx¿sf] kl/ro lbg
!&= gk] fnsf] s[lif k|0ffnLsf ljz]iftfx¿ / sl[ ifsf] dxŒj atfpg
!*= gk] fndf s[lifsf] cfwl' gsLs/0fsf ;d:ofx¿ klxrfg u/L o;sf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ kQf
nufpg
!( sl[ if ahf/Ls/0fsf] kl/ro lbO{ dxŒj, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ atfpg
@)= s[lif ljQsf] kl/ro / dxŒj tyf o;sf ;|f]t Pjd\ ;d:of pNn]v u/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf
pkfox¿ k|:tt' ug{
@!= ;xsfl/tfsf] kl/ro, l;4fGt / dxŒj pNn]v u/L g]kfndf o;sf] ljsf;j|md / ljBdfg ;d:of
tyf ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ kQf nufpg
@@= g]kfnsf pBfu] sf] ks| f/ pNnv] u/L juL{s/0f ug{ tyf pBf]usf ks| f/x¿sf] kl/ro lbg,
dxŒj, ;d:of Pjd\ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ atfpg
@#= ko{6g pBf]usf] kl/ro, dxŒj, ;DefJotf / ;d:of atfpg Pjd\ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿
kQf nufpg
44 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
@$= pTkfbg, s'n pTkfbg, cf};t pTkfbg / ;LdfGt pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg kmng, cNksfnLg /
bL3s{ fnLg pTkfbg kmngsf] cjwf/0ff atfpg
@%= pTkfbgsf kl/jt{gzLn cg'kftsf] lgod / :t/ kl| tkmnsf] lgod JofVof ug{
@^= 3/fo;L cyz{ f:qsf] kl/ro, dxŒj / o;sf ljleGg kIfx¿ pNnv] ug{
@&= ul/aLsf] kl/efiff, ks| f/x¿ / ul/aL /v] fsf] cy{ atfpg=tyf ul/aLsf sf/0fx¿ kQf nufpg
/ ul/aL Gog" Ls/0fsf pkfox¿ vf]hL ug{
@*= a/] fh] uf/Lsf] kl/ro lbg / k|sf/x¿ atfpg Pjd\ gk] fndf a]/fh] uf/Lsf sf/0fx¿ vf]hL ug{
/ /fh] uf/ kj| {wgsf sfo{jm| dx¿ klxrfg ug{
@(= jb} ]lzs /f]huf/sf] kl/ro lbg tyf j}b]lzs /fh] uf/sf] dxŒj, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿
jtfpg
#)= cfly{s c;dfgtfsf] kl/ro lbg tyf cflys{ c;dfgtfsf sf/0f, dfkg / c;dfgtf Gog" Ls/0fsf
pkfox¿ atfpg
#!= lghLs/0f, cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff, ;an / b'an{ kIfx¿ atfpg
-v_ sIff !) sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿
sIff !) sf] cWoog k"/f ul/;s]kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿ lgDglnlvt sfo{x¿ ug{ ;Ifd xg' ] 5g\ M
!= sn' , cf};t / ;LdfGt nfutsf] cjwf/0ff atfpg / nfut js/| v] fx¿ Jo'TkGg ug{
@= k"0f{ k|lt:kwf{ / Psflwsf/sf] ahf/ tyf sn' , cf;} t / ;LdfGt cfosf] cjwf/0ff atfpg / tL
ahf/df cfo js|/]vfx¿ Jo'TkGg ug{
#= ahf/sf] kl/efiff / lsl;d atfpg
$= k"0f{ kl| t:kwf{ / Psflwsf/ ahf/sf ljzi] ftfx¿ atfpg / o;df dN" o lgwf/{ 0f kl| jm| ofsf] JofVof
ug{
%= Hofnf, Aofh, gfkmf / nufgsf] cy{ atfpg / ltgsf l;4fGtx¿sf] j0fg{ ug{
^= j:t' ljlgdo k|0ffnLsf] kl/ro lbg / sl7gfOx{ ¿ atfpg
&= db' |f tyf aª} \ssf] cy{ / ks| f/x¿ atfpg
*= ;fvsf ;fwgx¿sf] cy{, ks| f/ / dxŒj atfpg
(= gk] fn /fi6« a}ªs\ / jfl0fHo a}ªs\ sf sfo{x¿ aofg ug{
!)= d'b|f tyf kFh' L ahf/sf] kl/ro lbg
!!= u}/a}lªl\ sª ljQLo ;:+ yf / ladf sDkgLsf] kl/ro lbg / ;fjh{ lgs ljQsf] cy{ atfpg
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 45
!@= ;/sf/L vrs{ f] dxŒj atfpg / juLs{ /0f ug{
!#= s/sf] kl/ro lbO{ s/sf l;4fGt atfpg / s/sf] juLs{ /0f ug{
!$= ;/sf/L cfosf ;f| ]tx¿ atfpg
!%= ah]6sf] cy{ atfO{ ks| f/, cª\u / dxŒj pNnv] ug{
!^= gk] fndf ah6] lgdf0{ f kl| jm| ofsf] JofVof ug{
!&= cflys{ ljsf; / jl[ 4sf] cy{ / leGgtf atfpg
!*= cfly{s ljsf;sf ;"rsx¿sf] cjwf/0ff atfpg
!(= gk] fnsf] cy{ Joj:yfsf ljzi] ftfx¿ j0fg{ ug{
@)= cflys{ ljsf;sf zf:qLo, dfS;j{ fbL / n]lj;sf l;4fGtsf] cjwf/0ff atfpg
@!= cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] cy{ / dxŒj atfpg
@@= Jofkf/ ;Gtn' g / eS' tfg ;Gt'ngsf] cjwf/0ff atfpg
@#= :jtGq Jofkf/ / ;+/If0f Jofkf/sf] cjwf/0ff atfpg
@$= cGt/fl{ i6o« Jofkf/sf] t'ngfTds nfutsf] l;4fGtsf] kl/ro lbg
@%= ljZjJofkf/ ;ªu\ 7g (World Trade Organization) / blIf0f Pl;ofnL :jtGq Jofkf/ ;ªu\ 7g
(South Asian Free Trade Assotiation ) sf] kl/ro lbg / p2]Zox¿ atfpg tyf gk] fndf
oL ;ª\u7gx¿sf] dxŒj tyf rg' ft} Lx¿ JofVof ug{
@^= cflys{ ofh] gfsf] cy{ / cªu\ x¿ atfpg tyf gk] fndf o;sf] ljsf;jm| d / dxŒj aofg ug{
@&= g]kfndf cfly{s of]hgf lgdf0{ fsf k|ljm| ofx¿ / rfn' cfly{s ofh] gfsf ljz]iftfx¿ j0f{g ug{
@*= tYofªs\ zf:qsf] kl/efiff lbO{ o;sf] Ifq] ,sfo{, k|of]u tyf dxŒj / ;Ldfx¿ pNn]v ug{
@(= cy{zf:qdf tYofªs\ zf:qsf] dxŒj JofVof ug{
#)= tYofªs\ sf ;|f]t / tYofªs\ ;sngsf ljlw atfpg
#!= tYofª\s juLs{ /0fsf] cy{, k|ofh] g / ljlw atfpg
#@= cfly{s tYofª\snfO{ pkoS' t nv] flrq (graph), :tDelrq (Bar-diagram) tyf jQ[ lrq (Pie-
diagram) df bv] fpg
##= cy{zf:qdf ;fdfGo ;dfgfGt/ cªs\ ul0ftLo dWos, dlWosf tyf axn' ssf] u0fgf tyf pkofu]
ug{
#$= d"No ;r" sfªs\ sf] kl/ro lbg / u0fgf tyf k|of]u ug{
46 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
$= ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / j|md
sIff ( sf] ljifoj:t' 3G6L sIff !) sf] ljifoj:t' 3G6L
PsfO ! M cyz{ f:qsf] kl/ro PsfO !M nfut tyf cfo ajm| /]vfx¿
(Introduction to economics) (Revenue and cost curves)
cyz{ f:qsf] kl/efiff, If]q / dxŒj sn' , cf};t / ;LdfGt nfut tyf
cy{zf:qsf kfl/eflifs zAbx¿
nfut js|/v] f / ltgsf] JoT' klTt
-s_ j:t' tyf ;]jf (goods and services) M j:t'
(Derivation).
/ ;j] fsf] cy{ / leGgtf, j:ts' f ks| f/ sn' , cf;} t / ;LdfGt cfosf]
cjwf/0ff
-cfly{s / lgzN' s j:t' , pkef]Stf / pTkfbssf
j:t,' x:tfGt/0fLo / cx:tfGt/0fLo j:t,' lghL k"0f{ kl| t:kwf{ /
Psflwsf/sf] ahf/sf] cjwf/0ff
/ ;fjh{ lgs j:t,' gfzjfg / cljgf;L j:t' / tL ahf/df cfo js|/]vfx¿sf]
JoT' klTt (Derivation)
Ù ;fdfGo, lgsi[ 6÷sd;n / ljnf;L j:t' Ù
k|lt:yfks j:t', k/" s j:t,' lukmg j:t_'
-v_ cfjZostf (Wants) M ljz]iftf /
juLs{ /0f
-u_ pkefu]
-3_ wg (wealth)
-ª_ d"No (Price)
Aoli6 cy{zf:q (Micro economics) / ;dli6
cyz{ f:q (Macro economics) M kl/efiff ,
leGgtf dxŒj / l;dfx¿ hDdf @) hDdf !%
PsfO @M pkof]lutf ljZni] f0f PsfO @M pTkfbgsf] d"No lgWff{/0f !)
(Utility Analysis) (Product Pricing)
pkofl] utf, ;LdfGt pkof]lutf / s'n pkofl] utf ahf/sf] kl/efiff / lsl;d
;LdfGt pkofl] utf xf| ; lgod / ;Ldfx¿
;d;LdfGt pkofl] utfsf] lgod / ;Ldfx¿ k0" f{ kl| tikwf{sf] ahf/sf
pkefS] tffsf] jrtsf] cjwf/0ff / dxŒj . ljzi] ftfx¿ / dN" o lgWff/{ 0f
kl| j|mof
!@
hDdf Psflwsf/sf] ahf/sf ljzi] ftfx¿
/ d"No lgWff{/0f kl| jm| of
hDdf
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 47
PsfO # dfu, k"lt{ / ;Gtn' g PsfO #M pTkfbgsf ;fwgsf] d"No
(Demand Supply and Equilibrium) lgwf{/0f l;4fGt (Theory of Factor
dfusf] lgod, dfGotf / ;Ldfx¿ Pricing)
kl" ts{ f] lgod, dfGotf / ;Ldfx¿
dfu / kl" tl{ ar ;Gt'ngM /]vflrq / ul0ftLo Hofnfsf] cy{, jf:tljs Hofnf /
;d:ofx¿ - ;Gt'lnt dN" o / kl/df0f lgwf{/0f_ gubL Hofnf tyf Hofnfsf] hLjg
dfu / k"lts{ f] nf]rM cy,{ ks| f/ / u0fgf
lgjfx{ sf] l;4fGt
Aofhsf] cy,{ s'n Aofh tyf z4'
Aofh
tyf Aofhsf] zf:qLo
(classical) l;4fGt
Gffkmfsf] cy,{ s'n gfkmf
tyf z'4 gfkmf tyf gfkmfsf]
clglZrttfsf] l;4fGt
nufgsf] cy,{ sn' nufg / z4'
nufg tyf l/sf8fs{] f] nufg l;4fGt
hDdf !% hDdf !*
PsfO $ pTkfbgsf ;fwgx¿ PsfO $ d'bf| , aª} lsª\ \ tyf
(Factors of Production) u/} a}ª\lsª ljQLo ;+:yf (Money
Banking and Non Banking
Financial Institutions)
-s_ el" d M cy{ tyf ljzi] ftfx¿ • j:t' ljlgdo k0| ffnLM kl/ro /
-v_ kF'hL Mcy{ tyf ljzi] ftfx¿ sl7gfO
kFh' L lgdf0{ fsf] cy,{ kl| j|mof / dxŒj • d'bf| M cy,{ ks| f/ / sfo{x¿
-u_ pBd÷;+u7gM cy{ tyf ljzi] ftfx¿ • aª} \ssf] cy{ / k|sf/
JolStut tyf ;femb] f/L Joj;fo / ;+oS' t khF' L • sG] bL| o aª} \ssf sfo{x¿
sDkgLsf] kl/ro / kmfObf tyf a]kmfObfx¿ • jfl0fHo aª} s\ sf sfox{ ¿
;fjh{ lgs pBdM kl/ro / dxŒj tyf ;d:ofx¿ • ;fvsf ;fwgx¿sf] cy{, ks| f/ /
-3_ >d M cy{ tyf ljzi] ftfx¿ dxŒj
>d ljefhgsf] cy,{ lsl;d, kmfObf tyf • db' |f tyf k"hF L ahf/
a]kmfObfx¿ • u/} a}ªl\ sª ljQLo ;:+ yfM aLdf
>dsf] sfo{ bIftf / o;df k|efj kfg]{ tŒjx¿ sDkgL
hg;ªV\ of l;4fGtM dfNy;sf] hg;ªV\ of l;4fGt
/ cfbz{ (optimum) hg;ªV\ of l;4fGt
hDdf @* hDdf @@
48 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
PsfO % /fli6o« cfo (National Income) PsfO % ;fj{hlgs ljQ (Public !*
!*
/fli6o« cfosf] kl/ro Finance)
/fli6o« cfosf ljleGg cjwf/0ffx¿ ;fjh{ lgs ljQsf] cy{ .
;/sf/L vr{sf] dxŒj / juL{s/0f
s'n ufx:{ Yo pTkfbg (GDP),s'n /fli6«o pTkfbg s/M kl/ro, l;4fGt / juL{s/0f
(GNP) z'4 /fli6«o pTkfbg (NNP) / kl| tJolSt ;/sf/L cfosf ;|f]tx¿ -s/,
cfo (Per-capita Income) sf] cy{
u}/s/, cgb' fg_
/fli6«o cfosf] dfkg ug]{ ljlwx¿M pTkfbg, ah]6 M cy,{ ks| f/ cªu\ /
cfDbfgL / vr{ ljlw
dxŒj
/fli6«o cfo dfkgsf sl7gfOx¿ g]kfndf ah]6 lgdf0{ f k|lj|mof .
hDdf !)
hDdf
PsfO ^ g]kfnsf cfly{s ;fwgx¿ (Economic PsfO ^ ljsf; cyz{ f:q
Resources of Nepal) (Development Economics)
jghª\unsf] dxŒj, jgljgfzsf sf/0fx¿ / jg cflys{ ljsf; / jl[ 4sf] cy{ /
;/+ If0f tyf ;j+ w{gsf pkfox¿ leGgtf
Vflgh ;Dkbf dxŒj, ;+efjgf / jtd{ fg cj:yf cfly{s ljsf;sf ;r" sx¿
g]kfnsf] cy{ Joj:yfsf
hn;f| t] sf] dxŒj / ;e+ fjgf / jtd{ fg cj:yf
ljz]iftfx¿
dfgj ;+;fwg ljsf;sf] dxŒj / dfgj ljsf;sf sx] L dxŒjk"0f{ cfly{s ljsf;sf]
;"rsx¿ (Indicators) sf] cjwf/0ff
l;4fGtsf cjwf/0ffx¿
hDdf !% – cfly{s ljsf;sf] zf:qLo l;4fGt
– dfS;j{ fbL l;4fGt
PsfO & g]kfndf s[lif, ;xsfl/tf / pBf]u – nl] j;sf] >dsf] cl;ldt kl" t{sf]
(Agriculture,Cooperative and Industry in l;4fGt
Nepal) hDdf
PsfO & cGt/f{li6o« Jofkf/
(International Trade)
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 49
-s_ s[lif cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] cy{ /
g]kfnsf] s[lif k0| ffnLsf ljzi] ftf / dxŒj dxŒj
gk] fndf s[lif cfwl' gsLs/0fsf ;d:ofx¿ / Jofkf/ ;Gt'ng / eS' tfg
;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ ;Gtn' gsf] cjwf/0ff
s[lif ahf/Ls/0fM kl/ro, dxŒj, ;d:of / :jtGq Jofkf/ / ;+/If0f
;dfwfgsf pkfo Jofkf/sf] cjwf/0ff
sl[ if ljQM kl/ro, ;f| ]tx¿ -c;ªu\ l7t / cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/sf] tn' gfTds
;ª\ul7t_, dxŒj, ;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ nfutsf] l;4fGtsf] kl/ro
-v_ ;xsfl/tf ljZj Jofkf/ ;ªu\ 7g (WTO)
;xsfl/tfsf] kl/ro, l;4fGt / dxŒj / blIf0f Pl;ofnL :jtGq
gk] fndf ;xsfl/tfsf] ljsf; / ;d:of tyf Jofkf/ ;ª\u7g (SAFTA)
;dfwfg sf] kl/ro, p2Z] o, gk] fndf
-u_ pBfu] oL ;ª\u7gx¿sf] dxŒj tyf
k|sf/ tyf juL{s/0f rg' f}tLx¿
pBf]usf ks| f/x¿sf] kl/ro, dxŒj, ;d:of
/ ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿
ko{6g pBf]usf] kl/ro, dxŒj / ;DefJotf,
;d:of / ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿
hDdf #) hDdf !^
PsfO * pTkfbgsf l;4fGt PsfO * gk] fndf cflys{ of]hgf
(Theory of Production) (Economic Planning in Nepal)
pTkfbg ,sn' pTkfbg,cf};t pTkfbg / ;LdfGt cflys{ ofh] gfsf] cy{, ljsf;jm| d
pTkfbgsf] cjwf/0ff / dxŒj
pTkfbg kmng M cNksfnLg / bL3s{ fnLg cflys{ of]hgfsf cªu\ x¿
pTkfbg kmngsf] cjwf/0ff cflys{ of]hgf lgdf0{ fsf
kl/jtg{ zLn cg'kftsf] lgod (law of variable kl| jm| ofx¿
gk] fnsf] rfn' ofh] gfsf
proportions)
ljzi] ftfx¿ M
:t/ k|ltkmnsf lgod (laws of returns to -s_ p2Z] o
scale) -v_ gLltx¿
-u_ k|fyldstf
-3_ sfo{jm| dx¿
-ª_ ;fwgsf] afF8kmf8F / kl/rfng
hDdf & hDdf !@
50 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
PsfO ( 3/fo;L cyz{ f:q PsfO ( cy{zf:qdf tYofªs\ zf:q
(Household Economics) (Statistical in Economics)
3/fo;L cy{zf:qsf] kl/ro tYofªs zf:qsf] kl/efiff, If]q,
3/ kl/jf/ Joj:yfkg sfo{, ko| fu] tyf dxŒj / ;Ldf
3/ kl/jf/ Joj:yfkssf u'0f,st{Jo / lhDdj] f/L
kfl/jfl/s ;fwg ;f| t] / ltgsf] Joj:yfkg cyz{ f:qdf tYofªs\ zf:qsf] dxŒj
kfl/jfl/s ah]6 -cfo;|ft] / vr{_ / o;sf] dxŒj tYofªs\ ;sng M tYofªs\ sf
3/ kl/jf/df ;Dkflbt xg' ] sfox{ ¿
3/fo;L k|ljlw / o;sf] ko| fu] ;f| ]t / tYofª\s ;ª\sngsf ljlw
Kffl/jfl/s ;l' jwf, hLjg:t/ / ;Gt'li6 tYofªs\ sf] juL{s/0f M cy,{
k|of]hg / ljlw
tYofª\ssf] tflnsLs/0f M
– ljz]iftfut tyf juf{Gt/ut
(attribute and
interval) tflnsf lgdf0{ f
– Psu'0f, låu0' f / lqu0' f tflnsf
(one-way, two-way and three-
way table) sf]
lgdf0{ f / k|of]u
n]vflrq (graph), :tDelrq
(Bar-diagram) tyf j[Q lrq
(Pie-diagram)
hDdf !@ hDdf @#
PsfO !) tYofª\sLo cfh} f/x¿
PsfO !) ;d;fdlos cfly{s d2' fx¿
(Statistical Tools)
(Contemporary Economic Issues)
-s_ ul/aL M kl/efiff, ks| f/, ul/aL /]vfsf] cy{, ;fdfGo cª\s ul0ftLo
ul/aLsf sf/0fx¿ / Gog" Ls/0fsf pkfox¿ dWos (Simple Arithmetic
Mean) dlWosf (Median)
-v_ a/] f]huf/LM kl/ro, ks| f/,sf/0fx¿ / /fh] uf/ / axn' s (Mode) sf] u0fgf
kj| wg{ sf sfo{jm| dx¿ (computation) / pkofu]
-u_ jb} ]lzs /fh] uf/M kl/ro, dxŒj, ;d:of / d"No ;r" sfªs\ (Price Index
;dfwfgsf pkfox¿ number) sf] kl/ro, u0fgf /
ko| f]u
-3_ cflys{ c;dfgtfM kl/ro, sf/0f, dfkg /
c;dfgtf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿
-ª_ lghLs/0f, cfly{s pbf/Ls/0f / ljZjJofkLs/0fM
cjwf/0ff, ;an / ba' {n kIfx¿ .
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 51
hDdf @$ hDdf !*
s'n 3G6L
!&) s'n 3G6L !&)
%= l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|ljm| of
cyz{ f:q ljifosf] ;}4flGts ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljBfyL{sf] Jofjxfl/s hLjg;uF hf8] /] l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk
ugk'{ b{5 . ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ ;ls|o ;xefuL u/fO{ lzIf0f l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkdf :yfgLo zl} Ifs
;fdu|Lsf] ko| f]udf hf]8 lbgk' b5{ . ljifoj:t';Fu ;DalGwt u/fP/ :yfgLo :t/df cWoog e|d0f
u/fP/ kT| oIf cjnfs] g u/fpg ;s]df l;sfO lbuf], Jofjxfl/s / ke| fjsf/L x'G5 . o;df pNnv]
ul/Psf ljifoj:t'x¿sf] cWoog cWofkg u/fpbF f ;a} Ifq] nfO{ plTts} dxŒj lbg'kg{] xG' 5 . ;DalGwt
ljifoj:t'sf] PsLst[ ¿kdf ;xhLs/0f u/fO{ ljifoj:ts' f] 1fg, l;k / wf/0ffsf] ljsf; u/fpg'k5{ .
o; ljifon] afn aflnsfdf ;}4flGts kIfeGbf Jofjxfl/s kIfsf] ljsf; u/fpg] d'Vo p2Z] o /fvs] f]
5 . To;}n] cy{zf:q ljifodf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljleGg k|sf/sf ljBfyL{ s]lGb|t lzIf0f ljlwx¿
k|ofu] ug'{k5{ . h:t} M
-s_ k|ZgfT] t/ ljlw -v_ k|bzg{ ljlw -u_ ;d:of ;dfwfg ljlw
-3_ 5nkmn ljlw -ª_ cjnfs] g ljlw -r_ vf]h ljlw
-5_ clego ljlw -h_ kl/ofh] gf ljlw -em_ If]q ed| 0f ljlw
-6_ cfudg ljlw -7_ ;dfnfr] gfTds lrGtg ljlw cflb .
plNnlvt ljlwx¿ pbfx/0f dfq xg' \ . :yfgLo kl/j]z, ljifoj:t'sf] ks| [lt / :j¿ksf cfwf/df l;sfO
;xhLs/0fdf ljljwtf Nofpg ;lsg] 5 . cyz{ f:q ljifo lzIf0f ubf{ ;r" gf k|ljlwsf] ;d]t ;xof]u
lnP/ l;Sg ;Sg] jftfj/0f tof/ ug{k' g{] 5 . lzIfsn] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] pd/] , tx,
?lr, ax' afb} \lwstf, dgf]lj1fg, ;fdflhs k[i7e"ld, ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof, z}lIfs ;fdu|Lsf] pknAwtf cflb
;d]t nfO{ Wofg lbgk' g{] 5 . ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] ;xeflutf Pjd\ ;fdl" xs tyf ;xof]ufTds
l;sfOnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ug{'kg{] 5 . ljBfyL{nfO{ ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ufxf| ] cK7o\ f/f] k/s] f] cj:yfdf
pgLx¿sf] sdL sdhf/] LnfO{ /fd|/L sn] fO{ lzIfsåf/f ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;xofu] L el" dsf lgjf{x ugk{' g{]
5 . ljBfyL{x¿ l;h{gf / kl| tefsf e08f/ xg' \ . To;n} ] pgLx¿sf kl| tef ki| km'6gsf nflu pkoS' t
jftfj/0f l;h{gf ug{k' g]{ 5 . lzIfsn] Pp6f ;xh stf{sf ¿kdf ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;xL af6f] b]vfpg
;xof]u k¥' ofpg'kg{] 5 . plNnlvt ljlwx¿sf cltl/St syf syg dl:tis dGyg, sfo{zfnf ljlw,
kj| rg ljlw, ;j]{ ljlw h:tf ljlwx¿ klg cfjZostfcg';f/ ko| fu] ug{k' g{] 5 .
52 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
^= d"Nofª\sg k|lj|mof
kf7\ojm| dn] lgwf/{ 0f u/]sf p2Z] o cg¿' k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k tyf clejl[ Q k|fKt ug{ ;s] ;sg] g\
eGg] s'/f kQf nufpg] dxŒjk0" f{ ;+oGq dN" ofª\sg xf] . ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] dN" ofª\sg ubf{ ;j{k|yd
ck]lIft p2Z] onfO{ Wofg lbg'kb{5 . d"Nofª\sgsf ;fwgx¿ ljsf; ubf{ klg p2]Zo cg'¿k l;sfOsf]
;a} :t/nfO{ ;d]6]/ ljsf; ug'{kb{5 . cy{zf:q ljifodf ;fdfGotof dN" ofª\sgsf lgdf0{ ffTds /
lg0fo{ fTds d"Nofª\sg k4lt cjnDag ugk'{ b5{ .
lgdf0{ ffTds d"Nofª\sg
cy{zf:q ljifodf ljBfyL{x¿n] s] slt l;s] eGg] s/' f kQf nufO{ gl;s]sf] eP gl;s]sf sf/0f t'?Gt
kQf nufO{ k'g l;sfOG5 eg] o:tf] d"Nofª\sg kl| j|mofnfO{ lgdf0{ ffTds d"Nofª\sg elgG5 . o:tf]
dN" ofª\sg sIffsf]7fdf sIffut lzIf0f l;sfOs} cleGg cª\usf ¿kdf u[xsfo{, sIffsfo,{ kl/of]hgf
sfo{, ;fdb' flos sfo{, ;x÷cltl/St lj|mofsnfk, PsfO k/LIff, dfl;s k/LIff h:tf dN" ofª\sgsf
;fwgx¿sf] ko| fu] ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o:tf] dN" ofª\sgsf nflu ljBfyL{sf] clen]v /fVgk' 5{ . ;fs] f
cfwf/df g} l;sfO cj:yf olsg ul/G5 / cfjZostfg;' f/ pkrf/fTds lzIf0f l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk
;~rfng ugk'{ 5{ . ljz]if l;sfO cfjZostf ePsf ljBfyL{sf nflu ljifo lzIfsn] g} pko'St kl| jm| of
ckgfO{ dN" ofª\sg ug{k' g]{ 5 . cyz{ f:q ljifodf o; ks| f/sf] dN" ofªs\ g kl| qmofn] 7"nf] dxŒj /fVb5 .
lzIfsn] o:tf] ks| f/sf] dN" ofªs\ g hg;' s' } ;dodf klg lg/Gt/ ¿kdf ugk'{ b{5 / ljBfyL{x¿df
;w' f/sf] jftfj/0f tof/ u/L lbgk' b5{ .
lg0fo{ fTds d"Nofª\sg
kf7\ojm| dn] lgwf/{ 0f u/s] f p2Z] ocg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ kf| Kt u/] gu/]sf] dN" ofª\sg
u/L To;sf cfwf/df :t/ lgwf{/0f ug{] lg0fo{ lnOG5 eg] To:tf] d"Nofªs\ gnfO{ lg0f{ofTds d"Nofªs\ g
elgG5 . o:tf] dN" ofª\sg cfjlws ¿kdf ug]{ ul/G5 . o; kf7\ojm| dsf] cg;' r" Lsf ¿kdf dN" ofª\sg
k|lj|mof, cªs\ ljefhg tyf clGtd dN" ofªs\ gsf nflu ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsf k|sfzg ul/g] 5 .
;DalGwt ljBfno, /fli6«o k/LIff af8] { tyf ;DalGwt cGo lgsfon] ;fx] Lcg;' f/ k/LIff ;~rfng /
ljBfyL{sf] :t/ jf u]8| lgwf{/0f ugk'{ b{5 .
dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 53
;dfhzf:q
!= kl/ro
;dfhzf:q dfgj ;dfhnfO{ j}1flgs ¿kn] cWoog ug{] ljifo xf] . o;n] ;dfh cWoogsf] ;fdfGo
1fg tyf tl/sfnfO{ a9L j1} flgs, Jojl:yt / ljifout bl[ i6sf]0fdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{ ;xofu] u5{ .
ljBfyLx{ ¿df ljBfno txbl] v g} ;xh ¿kdf ;dfhnfO{ ae' \mg] / ljZn]if0f ug]{ 1fg, l;k, bIftf
tyf clej[lQsf] ljsf; ug{' cTofjZos b]lvPsfn] ;dfhzf:q ljifosf] kf7\ojm| d sIff ( / !) df
cBfjlws ug'{ cfjZos ePsf] 5 . kl/jlt{t ;do ;Gbec{ g';f/ kf7\ojm| d kl/dfh{g tyf kl/jtg{
ug{k' g{] ;Gbe{df of] ;dfhzf:q ljifosf] kf7o\ j|md ;z+ f]wg tyf kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] xf] .
ljBfyL{x¿df ;}4flGts kIf dfq geO{ hLjgdf k|ofu] ug{ ;lsg] Jofjxfl/s 1fg, l;k, IfdtfnfO{
clejl[ 4 ug{k' g]{ s'/fdf a9L s]lGb|t eO{ kl/dfh{g ul/Psf] 5 . To:t} g]kfnL ;dfhsf] kl/jtg{ nfO{
;xh ¿kdf ljBfyLn{ ] ae' m' g,\ ;dfhnfO{ ;/n tl/sfn] ljZni] f0f ug{ ;sg' \ egL gk] fnL ;dfhsf]
kl/jtg{ nfO{ kf7o\ jm| ddf yk ul/Psf] 5 . ;z+ fl] wt sfo{df a9L Jofjxfl/s kIf / dfl} ns oyfy{nfO{
hf]8 lbg g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;/+ rgf, ;fdflhs ;+:yf, ;fdflhs kl/jt{g, ;fdflhs c;dfgtf tyf
:t/Ls/0f h:tf ljifoj:tn' fO{ /flvPsf] 5 . ;dfhzf:qsf ljifoj:t'ut Ifq] x¿ (Core area) nfO{
sIff ( df ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 eg] gk] fnL ;dfhsf ljz]iftfx¿nfO{ sIff !) df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
sx] L ;dfhzf:qsf ljifo If]qx¿ yk ul/Psf 5g\ eg] w/] }h;f] klxn] s} ljifoj:t'x¿nfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbOPsf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] l;sfO IfdtfnfO{ Wofg lbO{ sx] L ljifoj:t' kf7\oj|mdaf6 x6fOPsf] 5 .
k|ltef / l;h{gfsf] ljsf;df ;3fpg] Ifq] ed| 0f tyf k|ofu] fTds kl/ofh] gf ;dfj]z u/L 1fg, l;k,
Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ hf8] lbOPsf] 5 . ljifosf] cWoogaf6 ljBfyL{df ;fdflhs ;/+ rgf, ;fdflhs dN" o,
dfGotf, ;fdflhs kl| jm| of, ;fdflhs ;:+ yf, ;fdflhs kl/jt{g, ;fdflhs c;dfgtf cflbaf/] cfwf/et"
1fg, l;k, ;Ifdtf tyf kj| l[ Qsf] ljsf; xg' ] ck]Iff /flvPsf] 5 .
o; kf7\ojm| ddf ;dfhzf:qsf] kl/ro, ;dfhzf:qsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ff, ;fdflhs k|ljm| of, ;fdflhs
;+:yf, ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ , ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0f, g]kfnL ;dfhsf] kl/ro, ljzi] ftf gk] fnL ;dfhsf
;fdflhs ;:+ yfx¿, gk] fnL ;dfhsf] kl/jtg{ , gk] fnL ;dfhdf :t/Ls/0f, ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgsf]
kl/ro, ljlw / kl| jm| of h:tf ljifout If]qx¿;Fu ;DalGwt 1fg, wf/0ff tyf l;ksf] ljsf; h:tf
ljifo If]qx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ .
54 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t o; kf7o\ jm| dnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] ljifok|ltsf] ?lr, cfjZostf Pjd\ rfxgfnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug{] p2Z] on] o; ljifosf ljifoj:t' tyf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfk 5gf6] ubf{ afnsl] Gb|t l;sfO,
;dfj]zL l;4fGt, clwsf/ / st{Jo, hLjgkof]uL l;k h:tf ljifox¿nfO{ oy]i6 Wofg lbOPsf] 5 .
@= txut ;Ifdtf
dfWolds tx -sIff (–!)_ sf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿df ;dfhzf:qsf lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtf xfl;n
x'g] 5g\ M
!= ;dfhzf:qsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro af]w
@= ;dfhzf:qsf s]xL zfvfx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro cGo zf:qlar ;DaGw k|bzg{
#= ;dfhzf:qsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ffx¿sf] af]w / k|:t'lt
$= ;fdflhs k|ljm| ofsf] cy{, kl/efiff / k|sf/x¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt JofVof
%= ;fdflhs ;:+ yfx¿sf] cy{, kl/efiff, sfo{ / k|sf/x¿sf] ;ªl\ IfKt kl/ro afw]
^= ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0fsf] cy{, kl/efiff / o;sf cfwf/x¿sf] j0f{g
&= ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ sf] cy{, kl/efiff / dxŒj atfO{ ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ sf sf/s tŒjsf] j0f{g
*= ;dfhzf:qsf] Pl] txfl;s ljsf;jm| d / gk] fndf ;dfhzf:qsf] ljsf;jm| dsf] k:| tl' t
(= ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgsf] cy{, kl/efiff / dxŒj afw]
!)= ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgsf tx, ljlw j0fg{ u/L k|ofu] fTds ¿kdf sfof{Tds cWoog / ljZni] f0f
!!= ;dfh ljsf;jm| dsf] r/0f / g]kfnL ;dfhsf] Pl] txfl;s r/0f, ljz]iftf / hNbfaNbf
cjwf/0ffx¿sf] afw]
!@= gk] fnL ;dfhsf ;fdflhs ;+:yfaf/] ;ªl\ IfKtdf ljZni] f0f
!#= gk] fnL ;dfhnfO{ ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0fsf cfwf/df 5'6\ofpg
!$= ;fdflhs ;f+:sl[ ts kl/jtg{ sf cfwf/df g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ljZni] f0f
#= sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ sIff ( sf sIffut l;sfO pknlAwx¿
sIff ( sf] cWoog k/" f ePkl5 ljBfyL{x¿ lgDglnlvt sfo{ ug{ ;Ifd x'g] 5g\ M
!= ;dfhzf:qsf] cy{, kl/efiff / ks| l[ t atfpg
@= ;dfhzf:qsf] Ifq] , dxŒj 56' o\ fO{ ;dfhzf:q ljifo /f]Hgs' f sf/0f pNnv] ug{
#= ;dfhzf:q ljifosf s]xL zfvf ljifox¿sf] ;r" L tof/ ug{
$ ;dfhzf:qsf] dfgjzf:q, cy{zf:q, dgf]lj1fg, Oltxf;, /fhgLltzf:q / eu" f]nlarsf]
cGt/;DaGw k:| tt' ug{
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 55
%= ;dfhzf:qsf cfwf/et" cjwf/0ff -h:t} M ;dx" , ;dfh, ;db' fo, ;fdflhs Joj:yf, ;fdflhs
;+/rgf, ;fdflhs d"No, ;fdflhs lgod, ;fdflhs l:ylt, ;fdflhs el" dsf, zlSt, clwsf/,
hflt, hghflt, k|hflt, ju{, nª} \lus kIf_ sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro lbg
^= ;dfhdf eO/x]sf] dN" o, lgod, ;fdflhs l:ylt, ;fdflhs el" dsf, hflt, hghflt, k|hflt, ju{
56' \ofO{ k:| t't ug{
&= ;fdflhs kl| j|mofx¿sf] cy,{ kl/efiff / k|sf/x¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro lbg
*= ;fdflhs kl| jm| ofsf 9frF fx¿, ;dfofh] g, k/;:+ st[ Ls/0f, cfTdLs/0f, ;xofu] , kl| tofl] utf, åGå,
;fdflhsLs/0f cflbaf/] atfO{ ;dfhdf eO/xs] f ;fdflhs kl| jm| ofnfO{ abF' fut ¿kdf pNnv] ug{
(= ;fdflhs ;+:yfsf] cy{, kl/efiff atfO{ o;sf ks| f/x¿ ;I" d tyf ax[ t\ ;fdflhs ;:+ yfsf]
;ª\lIfKt kl/ro lbg
!)= cfÇgf] ;db' fodf eO/xs] f] kl/jf/, ljjfx, gft]bf/Laf/] cjnf]sg u/L JofVof ug{
!!= cfÇgf] kl/jf/, gft]bf/sf] ;"rL agfpg
!@= ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0fsf] cy{, kl/efiff / o;sf cfwf/x¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt kl/ro lbg
!#= ju{, hft, hghflt, nª} \lustfsf cfwf/df ;dfhnfO{ :t/Ls[t u/L cfÇgf] ;db' fodf ju,{ hft,
hghflt, nª} \lustfsf cfwf/df :t/Lst[ ePsf] b]vfpg
!$= ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ sf] cy,{ kl/efiff / dxŒj atfO{ ;dfhdf eO/xs] f] kl/jtg{ sf] ;r" L tof/ ug{
!%= ;fdflhs kl/jt{g Nofpg] sf/s tŒjx¿sf] ;"rL tof/ u/L ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ df v]n]sf] of]ubfg
pNnv] ug{
-v_ sIff !) sf sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
sIff !) sf] cWoog k"/f ePkl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿ lgDglnlvt s'/fdf ;Ifd xg' ] 5g\ M
!= ;dfhzf:qsf] hGdsf] Pl] txfl;s ki[ 7el" d / gk] fndf ;dfhzf:qsf] ljsf;jm| d ;ªI\ fk] df JofVof ug{
@= gk] fndf ;dfhzf:qsf] k7gkf7g, cg;' Gwfg yfngL, ;:+ yfx¿sf] ljsf;af/] ;fdfGo ;r" L tof/ ug{
#= ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgsf] cy{, kl/efiff / dxŒj atfpg
$= sg' } ;fdflhs 36gfsf] pbfx/0f lbbF } ;fdflhs cg;' GwfgnfO{ kl/eflift ug{ / dxŒj k:| tt' ug{
%= ;fdflhs cg';Gwfgsf r/0f, tYofª\s ;ª\sngsf ljlw cGtjft{ f{ / cjnfs] g u/L tYofª\s
ljZn]if0f u/L ko| f]ufTds ¿kdf sfof{Tds cWoog ug{
^= ;dfh ljsf;j|mdsf] r/0fx¿ l;sf/L Pjd\ 3'dGt] ;dfh, vfl] /ofdf afnL nufpg] ;dfh,
kz'kfns ;dfh, s[lifk/s ;dfh, cf}Bfl] us ;dfh / ljZjJofkL ;dfh juLs{ /0f u/L ;dfhsf]
r/0fnfO{ 56' \ofpg
56 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
&= gk] fnL ;dfhsf ljz]iftf ljljwtf / Pstf -h:t}M wflds{ ljljwtf, hftLo ljljwtf, k|hftLo
ljljwtf, ;f+:sl[ ts ljljwtf, rf8kjs{ f] ljljwtf_ sf] JofVof ug{
* ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f, ;fdflhs alxis/0f, j}bl] zs /f]huf/, blnt cfGbfn] g, dw]; cfGbfn] g,
;ª\3Lotf, klxrfg, cf/If0faf/] kl/lrt eO{ gk] fndf eO/xs] f] cEof; ug{
(= gk] fnL ;dfhnfO{ hft, hghflt, jus{ f cffwf/df :t/Ls/0f u/L 5'6o\ fpg
!)= ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ sf cfwf/df gk] fnL ;dfhnfO{ ljZni] f0f ug{
!!= d'Vo d'Vo kl/jt{gx¿nfO{ ;ª\lIfKt ¿kdf l6kf]6 ug{
!@= gk] fnL ;dfhsf ;fdflhs ;:+ yf kl/jf/, ljjfx, gft]bf/Ldf cfPsf kl/jt{g atfpg
$= ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] tyf jm| d
sIff (
!= ;dfhzf:qsf] kl/ro kf7\o3G6L #%
-s_ ;dfhzf:qsf] cy{ / kl/efiff
-v_ ;dfhzf:qsf] k|sl[ t
-u_ ;dfhzf:qsf] Ifq] / dxŒj
-3_ ;dfhzf:qsf s]xL zfvfx¿
u|fdL0f ;dfhzf:q, ;x/L ;dfhzf:q, /fhgLlts ;dfhzf:q, wflds{ ;dfhzf:q, cfly{s
hLjgsf] ;dfhzf:q, zl} Ifs ;dfhzf:q, sfgg' L ;dfhzf:q, lrlsT;f ;dfhzf:q
-ª_ ;dfhzf:q / cGo ;fdflhs zf:qlarsf] ;DaGw
;dfhzf:q / dfgjzf:qlar ;DaGw, ;dfhzf:q / /fhgLltzf:qlar ;DaGw, ;dfhzf:q
/ cyz{ f:qlar ;DaGw, ;dfhzf:q / Oltxf;lar ;DaGw, ;dfhzf:q / eu" f]nlar
;DaGw, ;dfhzf:q / dgf]lj1fglar ;DaGw
@= ;dfhzf:qsf cfwf/e"t cjwf/0ffx¿ kf7\o3G6L #%
-s_ ;d"x
-v_ ;dfh
-u_ ;d'bfo
-3_ ;fdflhs Joj:yf
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 57
-ª_ ;fdflhs ;/+ rgf
-r_ ;fdflhs dN" o
-5_ ;fdflhs lgod
-h_ ;fdflhs l:ylt
-h_ ;fdflhs e"ldsf
-em_ zlSt
-`_ clwsf/
-6_ hflt, kh| flt
-7_ hghflt
-8_ ju{
-9_ n}ªl\ us
#= ;fdflhs kl| jm| of kf7o\ 3G6L @%
-s_ ;fdflhs k|lj|mofsf] cy{, kl/efiff
-v_ ;fdflhs kl| j|mofsf ks| f/x¿
• ;fdflhs 3'nldn • ;dfof]hg
• ;:+ s[lt cfbfgkb| fg • cfTdLs/0f
• ;xof]u • ;dGjo
$= ;fdflhs ;:+ yf kf7\o3G6L #)
-s_ ;fdflhs ;:+ yfsf] cy,{ kl/efiff
-v_ ;fdflhs ;:+ yfsf k|sf/x¿
• ;I" d ;fdflhs ;:+ yfx¿ -kl/jf/, ljjfx, gft]bf/L, l5d]sL, cfdf;dx" , afnSnj, o'jfSnj,
u'7L, /f]wL, eh] f_
• a[xt\ ;fdflhs ;:+ yfx¿ -/fhgLlts ;:+ yf, wfld{s ;:+ yf, zl} Ifs ;+:yf / cfly{s ;:+ yf_
58 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
%= ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0f kf7\o3G6L !)
;fdflhs :t/Ls/0fsf] cy,{ kl/efiff÷ cjwf/0ff / ks| f/
^= ;fdflhs ;d:of kf7o\ 3G6L !)
cy{, kl/efiff / cjwf/0ff
&= ;fdflhs / ;f:+ s[lts kl/jtg{ kf7o\ 3G6L @%
-s_ ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts kl/jtg{ sf] cy,{ kl/efiff / dxŒj
-v_ ;fdflhs / ;f+:sl[ ts kl/jtg{ sf tŒjx¿
• z}lIfs, /fhgLlts, efu} fl] ns, a;fO;F /fO / cflys{
-u_ ljsf; kl/jtg{ , ;"rgf ;~rf/ kl| jlw / ;d[l4sf] cjwf/0ff
sIff !)
!= ;dfhzf:qsf] Oltxf; kf7\o3G6L @%
-s_ ;dfhzf:q ljifosf] P]ltxfl;s ljsf;jm| d
-v_ g]kfndf ;dfhzf:qsf] hGd tyf ljsf;
@= ;dfh ljsf;sf] r/0f kf7o\ 3G6L @%
-s_ l;sf/L Pjd\ jgr?jf ;dfh -v_ vf]l/of afnL nufpg] ;dfh
-u_ kz'kfns ;dfh -3_ sl[ ifk/s ;dfh
-r_ cf}Bf]lus ;dfh -5_ ljZjJofkL ;dfh
#= gk] fnL ;dfhsf] Oltxf; kf7\o3G6L #%
-s_ gk] fnL ;dfhsf] ljsf; jm| d
-v_ lj=;+= @)$^ kl5sf] gk] fnL ;dfh
-u_ gk] fnL ;dfhsf] ljzi] ftf
• ljljwtfdf Pstf • hftLo ljljwtf
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 59
• k|hftLo ljljwtf • eflifs ljljwtf
• wflds{ ljljwtf • ;f:+ sl[ ts ljljwtf
• rf8kjs{ f] ljljwtf
-3_ xfn gk] fnL ;dfhdf axk' r| lnt cjwf/0ff
• ;fdflhs ;dfj]zLs/0f • j}bl] zs /fh] uf/
• blnt • ;fdflhs cfGbfn] g
• ;ª\3Lotf • klxrfg
• cf/If0f • wd{ lg/kI] ftf
• :yfgLo lgsfo ;+/rgf
$= gk] fnL ;dfhdf ;fdflhs :t/Ls/0f kf7o\ 3G6L !%
-s_ hflt, ju,{ lnªu\ , wd{ Ifq] sf cfwf/df gk] fnL ;dfhsf] :t/Ls/0f
%= g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;d:ofx¿ tyf lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿ kf7o\ 3G6L !)
-s_ g]kfnL ;dfhsf ;d:of
gk] fnL ;dfhsf ;d:ofx¿M nfu' kbfy{ bJ' o;{ g, afn dhb/' , cjw} Jofkf/, dfgj ar] lavg
-v_ lgoGq0fsf pkfox¿
;fdflhs b08 / ;hfo, sfgg' , wd{ cflb kf7\o3G6L @%
^= g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;fdflhs kl/jt{g
-s_ ;fdflhs ;+:yf kl/jf/, ljjfx, gftb] f/L Joj:yfdf cfPsf kl/jt{g
-v_ n}ª\lus cj:yf, hft Joj:yf, ju{ Joj:yfdf cfPsf kl/jtg{
-u_ ljsf;sf cEof;x¿ -ljB't\, ;r" gf, oftfoft_
-3_ g]kfnL ;dfhsf] ;dl[ 4
&= ;fdflhs cg';Gwfg kf7o\ 3G6L #%
-s_ ;fdflhs cg;' Gwfgsf] cy{, kl/efiff
60 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
-v_ ;fdflhs cg;' Gwfgsf r/0f
• cg;' Gwfg zLifs{ 5gf]6
• cg;' Gwfg ;d:ofsf] syg tyf cg';GwfgLo kZ| g lgdf{0f
• p2Z] o lgdf{0f
• cg;' Gwfg ljlw 5gf6]
• tYofªs\ ;ª\sng
• tYofª\s k:| t'lt tyf ljZni] f0f
• lgisif{
-u_ ljBfno tyf glhssf] ;db' fosf] sfofT{ ds cg;' Gwfg
%= l;sfO ;xhLs/0f kl| jm| of
;dfhzf:qsf] o; kf7o\ j|md ;4} flGts, Jofjxfl/s / l;h{gfTds kIfnfO{ PsLs[t u/L agfOPsf] 5 .
o; ljifosf 1fg, l;k / wf/0ffnfO{ ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t agfOPsf] 5 . o; ljifodf Jofjxfl/s tyf
l;hg{ fTds 1fg lbgsf nflu ljBfno jl/kl/sf If]q / j:t'x¿ lzIf0f ;fduL| sf ¿kdf k|of]udf
Nofpg'kg]{ 5 . l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{sf ?lr, Ifdtf / cfjZostf tyf ax'afl} 4stf /
km/s l;sfO IfdtfnfO{ ;d]t Wofg lbgk' g]{ 5 . ;fy} ljBfyL{nfO{ 3fS] g], s07 u/fpge] Gbf klg sfo{
u/]/, k|of]u u//] , vfh] u/]/ l;Sg] kIfnfO{ hf]8 lbg'{kg{] 5 . lzIfsn] of] ljifo lzIf0f ubf{ sIffdf
ljBfyLx{ ¿lar 5nkmn u/fpg,] ;;fgf kl/of]hg sfox{ ¿ ug{ lbg,] sIffdf ;f]sf] kl| tj]bg k:| tt' ug{
nufpg] / vfh] L ug]{ sfod{ f ;+nUg u/fpg] h:tf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f lj|mofsnfkx¿ ko| fu] df Nofpg
;Sg] 5g\ . o; ljifosf] lzIf0fsf nflu lgDglnlvt ljlwx¿ to ul/Psf 5g\ .
• 5nkmn • k|bz{g
• k|ZgfQ] / • k|jrg
• ;d:of ;dfwfg • :ynut e|d0f
• vf]h tyf cGji] f0f • clego
• el" dsf lgjfx{ • kl/of]hgf sfo{
oL ljlwx¿ gdg' f dfq xg' \ . :yfgLo kl/j]z, ljifoj:ts' f] k|s[lt / :j¿ksf cfwf/df lzIf0f ljlwdf
ljljwtf Nofpg ;lsg] 5 . lzIfsn] lzIf0f ljlwsf] 5gf]6 ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] pd]/, tx, ?lr, km/s
l;sfO Ifdtf, ax'afl} 4stf, ;fdflhs tyf dgf]j1} flgs ki[ 7e"ld, ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof, zl} Ifs ;fduL| sf]
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 61
pknAwtf cflb ;d]tnfO{ Wofg lbgk' g]{ 5 . l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf Pjd\
;fdl" xs tyf ;xofu] fTds l;sfOnfO{ k|fT] ;fxg ug{'kg]{ 5 . lzIfsn] o; ljifodf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f
lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ ljBfyLs{ l] Gb|t ljlwsf] k|of]u ug{k' 5{ . To;n} ] lzIfsn] ljBfyLx{ ¿sf]
;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg cfkm" nfO{ ;xhstf{sf ¿kdf k|:t't u/L pgLx¿nfO{ k|ZgfQ] /,
5nkmn, kl| tjb] g nv] g tyf k|:tl' t cflb lj|mofsnfkx¿df ;+nUg x'g kf| ]T;flxt ug'{kg{] 5 . o;} u/L
lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{ /fd/| L sn] fO{ pgLx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf 7fpdF f ;xof]u
k¥' ofpg'sf ;fy} cfjZostfcg';f/ yk ofh] gf agfO{ pkrf/fTds lzIf0f k4lt;d]t cjnDag
ug'{kg{] 5 .
^= dN" ofª\sg k|ljm| of
kf7o\ j|mddf ;dfj]z ePsf ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw / ltgsf ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df ljBfyL{x¿sf]
dN" ofªs\ g ugk{' g]{ 5 . o; ljifosf] dN" ofªs\ g ;}4flGts / k|ofu] fTds bj' } ¿kdf xg' ] 5 . o;df
;}4flGtscGtut{ &% k|ltzt / ko| fu] fTdscGtu{t @% kl| tzt cª\sef/ sfod ul/Psf] 5 . d"Nofªs\ g
ubf{ lgdf0{ ffTds / lg0fo{ fTds bj' } ljlwx¿sf] ko| fu] ug'k{ g]{ 5 .
lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sg
lgdf0{ ffTds d"Nofªs\ gsf nflu ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] sfo{ ;~rlosf kmfon (Protfolio) agfO{ pgLx¿n]
u/]sf sfo{ / ;ljm| otf cjnfs] g tyf xflh/Lsf cfwf/df cª\s kb| fg ug'k{ g]{ 5 . ljBfyLn{ ] ;4} flGts /
k|of]ufTds v08df k|fKt u/s] f cª\snfO{ 5'6\6f56' \6} / ljifout s'n kf| Ktfªs\ nfO{ cIf/fªs\ g k4ltdf
¿kfGt/0f u/L cIf/ u|]8df dN" ofªs\ g ul/g] 5 . o; ljifodf ljBfyL{ pknlAw d"Nofª\sgsf p2Z] ox¿
lgDgfg';f/ lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf 5g\ M
-s_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAwcg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;s]sf 5g\ jf 5g} g\
eGg]af/] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf dN" ofªs\ g ug]{
-v_ ljBfyL{sf l;sfOsf] :t/ klxrfg u/L pgLx¿sf sdL sdhf/] L x6fpg cnucnu of]hgf agfO{
;f]cg¿' k pkrf/fTds lzIf0f u/L ;a} ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO ;'lglZrt ug{]
-u_ lgdf0{ ffTds d"Nofªs\ gsf cfwf/df lzIf0f ;xhLs/0fdf cfjZos ;w' f/ u/L l;sfOnfO{
ke| fjsf/L agfpg]
-3_ ljBfyL{ dN" ofªs\ gsf] oyfy{ ;r" gf ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ lbg] / cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f
tyf k/fdz{ lng]÷lbg]
ljBfyL{x¿sf] dN" ofªs\ g ;4} flGts d"Nofªs\ g / k|of]ufTds d"Nofªs\ gsf cfwf/df ugk{' g]{ 5 . tL
dN" ofª\sg ljlwx¿nfO{ tn k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 M
62 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
k|ofu] fTds d"Nofªs\ g
ljBfyLs{ f] k|of]ufTds d"Nofªs\ gsf nflu @% k|ltzt cª\sef/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . k|of]ufTds
dN" ofªs\ g ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] lgdf{0ffTds dN" ofªs\ gsf] ;d]t cfwf/ lng'kg{] 5 .
ko| fu] fTds d"Nofªs\ sf nflu lgDgfg;' f/sf k|lj|mof ckgfpgk' g{] 5 . ko| f]ufTds sfos{ f nflu sfo{snfk
/ cªs\ ljefhg ljlzi6Ls/0f tflnsfdf lbOPsf] 5 .
• lglZrt ;doleq dfq dN" ofª\sg gu/L lgoldt ¿kdf ljBfyLn{ ] u/s] f sfo{ / Jojxf/ kl/jt{gsf]
cjnfs] g u/L d"Nofª\sg ugk'{ g{] 5 .
• ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] sfo{ ;~rlosf kmfon -Portfolio_ agfO{ pgLx¿n] u/s] f sfo,{ xflh/L / ;lj|motfsf
cfwf/df cªs\ kb| fg ugk{' g{] 5 .
• kT| os] PsfOaf6 sDtLdf Ps Pscf6] f kl/ofh] gf sfo{ jf Ifq] ed| 0f u/fO{ dN" ofªs\ g ugk{' g{] 5 .
• ljBfyLn{ ] u/s] f ;e{I] f0f sIff sfo,{ kl/of]hgf sfo,{ l;h{gfTds sfo{, l;kd"ns sfo{, vf]hd"ns
sfo{ cflb / ;f;] uF ;DalGwt k|ofu] fTds k/LIffnfO{ ko| f]ufTds dN" ofª\sgsf] k|d'v cfwf/
dflgg] 5 .
lg0fo{ fTds dN" ofª\sg
kf7\ojm| dn] lgwf/{ 0f u/s] f p2Z] ocg¿' k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ k|fKt u/] gu/]sf] dN" ofª\sg
u/L To;sf cfwf/df :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ lg0f{o lnOG5 eg] To:tf] dN" ofª\sgnfO{ lg0fo{ fTds d"Nofªs\ g
elgG5 . o:tf] d"Nofªs\ g cfjlws ¿kdf ug]{ ul/G5 . o;sf nflu ko| f]ufTds tyf cfGtl/s
dN" ofª\sgsf] @% kl| tzt / clGtd k/LIffsf nflu &% k|ltzt ef/ 56' \ofPsf] 5 . o; kf7o\ j|mdsf]
cg';r" Lsf ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg kl| jm| of, cª\s ljefhg tyf clGtd dN" ofªs\ gsf nflu ljlzi6Ls/0f
tflnsf ks| fzg ul/g] 5 . ;DalGwt ljBfno, /fli6«o k/LIff af]8{ tyf ;DalGwt cGo lgsfon]
;fx] Lcg';f/ k/LIff ;~rfng / ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ jf u]|8 lgwf{/0f ug'{kb5{ .
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 63
hg;ª\Vof lzIff
!= kl/ro
ljBfno:t/sf ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ hg;ª\Vof jl[ 4sf k|lj|mof, sf/0f / kl/0ffdsf ;DaGwdf ljifout 1fg /
cge' j kb| fg u/L pgLx¿df hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgsf] 1fg / ;dem ljsf; u/fpg] clekf| on] hg;ªV\ of
lzIff ljifonfO{ dxŒj lbPsf] kfOG5 . ;f]xLcg¿' k dfWolds tx -sIff ( / !)_ df !)) k0" ffª{ \ssf]
Pl] R5s ljifosf ¿kdf hg;ªV\ of lzIff ljifo k7gkf7gsf] lglDt kf7\oj|md 9fFrfdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf]
5.
ljBfno:t/sf] cWoogdf cfwf/e"t txdf hg;ªV\ of ljifonfO{ ;fdflhs lzIff, lj1fg / :jf:Yo lzIffsf
ljifoleq ;dfj]z u/L hg;ª\Vof lzIff ljifodf hfgsf/L lbg] clekf| o lnOPsf] 5 eg] cfwf/e"t tx
-sIff ^,& / *_ df hg;ª\Vof lzIff ljifonfO{ ;fdflhs cWoog ljifo;uF PsLs[t u/L clgjfo{ ljifo
agfOPsf] 5 . hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf ;DaGwdf uxg 1fg / l;k kb| fg ugs{ f nflu hg;ªV\ of lzIff
ljifonfO{ !)) k0" ff{ªs\ sf] OR5fwLg ljifo sfod u/L Ps l;ª\uf] kf7\oljifosf] :j¿k lbg cfjZostf
dx;;' u/L k7gkf7g eO/xs] f] ;Gbed{ f lj=;=+ @)^@÷)^# sf] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngkZrft\ nfs] tGq
k|flKt kl5 b]ze/ /fhgLlts kl/jtg{ ePsf] ;Gbe{ / ljBfno lzIffsf nflu /fli6o« kf7\oj|md k|f¿k,
@)^# sf] kl/dfhg{ @)&! Nf] dful{ gb{z] u/c] g;' f/ Pl] R5s bf];f| ] ;dx" df cGo ljleGg ljifox¿;lxt
hg;ªV\ of lzIff ljifonfO{ klg ;d"xLs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
dfWolds txsf] -sIff ( / !)_ df :jf:Yo hg;ªV\ of tyf jftfj/0f ljifo clgjfo{ ul/Psfdf
hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf ;DaGwdf 7f]; 1fg / Jofjxfl/s l;k kb| fg u/L ljBfyLx{ ¿df JolSt, kl/jf/,
;d'bfo, ;dfh, b]z / ljZjsf] hg;ª\Vof l:ylt / ;d:ofkl| t ;dembf/L a9fO{ cfjZostfcg';f/
Jojxf/df kl/jtg{ NofO{ bz] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug{sf nflu hg;ªV\ of ljifonfO{ OR5fwLg ljifosf
¿kdf ;dfjz] ul/Pcg;' f/ of] kf7\oj|md tof/ kfl/Psf] 5 . of] ljifosf] kf7\oj|mdnfO{ &% k0" ff{ªs\
;}4flGts / @% k0" ffª{ \s k|ofu] fTds lj|mofsnfkdf cfwfl/t x'g] u/L lgdf0{ f ul/Psf] 5 . ;Ifdtfdf
cfwfl/t o; kf7o\ j|mdsf nflu kf7o\ 3G6L % / jflifs{ sfo{3G6L !&) lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 . o;
kf7\oj|mddf d"ntM hg;ªV\ of / hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff, hg;ªV\ ofsf ;fdfGo l;4fGt, gLlt
tyf sfo{jm| d, hg;ªV\ of l:ylt, n}lªu\ stf, ax[ t\ ofl} gstf lzIff, kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIff, hg;ª\Vof
Joj:yfkg, lbuf] ljsf; / hg;ª\Vof ljZni] f0f h:tf If]qsf] ;4} flGts / ko| fu] fTds 1fg, cge' j kb| fg
ug{ vfl] hPsf] 5 .
64 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
@= txut ;Ifdtf
sIff ( / !) sf] cWoog k/" f u/]sf ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDgfg';f/sf ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{] 5g\ M
1. hg;ª\Vofsf] kl/ro, ljz]iftf, dxŒj, If]q / g]kfndf hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] ljZni] f0f
2. hg;ªV\ of l;4fGt, gk] fnsf] hg;ªV\ of gLlt tyf sfo{jm| dsf] jtd{ fg cj:yf tyf /fli6o« tyf
cGt/fl{ i6o« k|lta4tfx¿sf] JofVof
3. ljZj hg;ªV\ of l:yltsf] ljZni] f0f, hg;ª\Vof kl/jt{gdf ke| fj kfg]{ tŒjx¿sf] ljZni] f0f /
hg;ª\Vof k|Ifk] 0f ljlw / tl/sfx¿sf] k|bzg{
4. a[xt\ of}lgstf lzIffsf k|dv' cjwf/0ffx¿sf] klxrfg tyf nª} \lustfsf ljljw kIfx¿sf]
ljZn]if0f
5. kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIffn] dfgjLo hLjgsf ljljw kIfx¿dfly kfg]{ ke| fjsf] JofVof
6. Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL ;fdflhs, ;f:+ sl[ ts, hg;fª\lVos ;jfn, /fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o gLlt
sfo{j|md tyf Ho]i7 gful/s Joj:yfkg
7. hg;ªV\ of j[l4sf] cjwf/0ff, sf/0f, c;/ / Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿sf] klxrfg
8. hg;fªl\ vs tYofªs\ sf k|fylds ;|f]tx¿sf] JofVof
9. hg;ªV\ of / ljsf;sf] ;DaGw, lbuf] ljsf; / o;sf] nIo, dxŒj / cj:yf ljZni] f0f Pjd\ gofF
cfofd j0f{g
10. ;x/Ls/0f / cf}Bfl] usLs/0fsf] c;/ / Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ j0f{g
11. hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf cg';Gwfgsf] dxŒj / kl| jm| ofsf] ljj]rgf
12. hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf tYofªs\ zf:qsf] k|ofu]
#= sIffut l;sfOpknlAw
-s_ sIff ( sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿
sIff ( sf] cGtdf ljBfyLx{ ¿df lgDglnlvt l;sfO pknlAwx¿ xfl;n x'g] 5g\ M
1. hg;ª\Vofsf] kl/ro, p2]Zo / dxŒj atfpg
2. hg;ª\Vofsf] ljzi] ftfx¿ JofVof ug{
3. dfNy;sf] hg;ªV\ of l;4fGt / gk] fnsf] ;Gbed{ f o;sf] ko| f]uaf/] JofVof ug{
4. hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL sfnd{ fS;sf] ;dfhjfbL wf/0ff / gk] fnsf] ;DaGwdf o;sf] ko| f]uaf/] j0f{g
ug{
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 65
5. cfbz{ hg;ª\Vof l;4fGtsf] JofVof ug{
6. hg;fª\lvs ;ªj\ m| d0fsf] l;4fGt ljZni] f0f ug{
7. hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL hGdkIfLo / hGd lj?4 gLltsf] cjwf/0ff JofVof ug{
8. ljZj hg;ª\Vofsf] cfsf/sf] ljut / jt{dfg cj:yf t'ngf ug{
9. g]kfnsf] hg;ªV\ of cfsf/sf] ljut / jt{dfg cj:yfsf] j0fg{ ug{
10. gk] fnsf] hg;ªV\ of agf]6 / ljt/0f l:yltsf] JofVof ug{
11. hg;ª\Vof lk/fld8sf] lgdf{0f / ljZni] f0f ug{
12. hg3gTj / o;sf] jtd{ fg cj:yfsf] cjwf/0ff k:| tt' ug{
13. nª} l\ ustfsf] kl/ro lbg
14. of}g / n}ªl\ ustflar leGgtf 5'6\ofpg
15. n}ªl\ us el" dsf / lje]b klxrfg ug{
16. ax[ t\ ofl} gstf lzIffsf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf] cfl} rTo j0fg{ ug{
17. ax[ t\ ofl} gstf lzIffsf cjwf/0ffx¿ ljZn]if0f ug{
18. kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIffsf] cfjZostf k|:6o\ fpg
19. kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIff, /f]huf/L / dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ larsf] cGof]Gofl>t
;DaGwsf] JofVof ug{
20. kl/jf/ of]hgf tyf To;sf] cfsf/ k|sf/sf] j0f{g ug{
21. u0' f:t/Lo hLjg / kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIffsf ;DaGwsf] ljZn]if0f ug{
22. hg;ªV\ of jl[ 4 / tLj| hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf] cjwf/0ff k:| tt' ug{
23. tLj| hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf sf/0f / c;/ klxNofO{ To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ j0f{g ug{
24. hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg /fli6«o, cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf tyf lgsfox¿sf] e"ldsf Pjd \
sfox{ ¿ pNn]v ug{
25. hg;ª\Vof / ljsf; larsf] ;DaGw klxrfg ug{
26. lbuf] ljsf; / o;sf] dxŒj afw] u/L ljZni] f0f ug{
27. ;x/Ls/0f tyf cf}Bfu] LsLs/0fsf c;/ tyf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ pNn]v ug{
28. hg;ª\Vof, kf| s[lts ;f| ]t, lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;DaGw / ko| f]u af/] ;rt] /xg
29. hg;ª\Vof lzIffdf cg;' Gwfgsf] ;}4flGts ljjr] gf ug{
30. cg';Gwfg kl| j|mofsf r/0fx¿sf] k|ofu] / k|bz{g ug{
66 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
-v_ sIff !) sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿
sIff !) sf] cGtdf ljBfyLx{ ¿df lgDglnlvt l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n xg' ] 5 M
1. hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] kl/ro JofVof ug{
2. hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] ljz]iftfx¿ j0f{g ug{
3. hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] Ifq] x¿ klxrfg ug{
4. g]kfndf hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] l:ylt ljZni] f0f ug{
5. hg;ª\Vof gLltsf] cjwf/0ff k:| 6 kfg{
6. g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df hg;ªV\ of;uF ;DalGwt ljljw sfoj{ m| dx¿ JofVof ug{
7. gk] fnsf] jt{dfg hg;ª\Vof gLltsf] ljZni] f0f ug{
8. gk] fnsf ;Gbed{ f hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL /fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6o« kl| ta4tfx¿sf af/d] f 5nkmn ug{
9. hg;ªV\ of kl/jt{gdf ke| fj kfg{] tŒjx¿sf] ljZni] f0f ug{
10. hg;ªV\ of kI| f]k0fsf] cjwf/0ff, cjZostf / dxŒj k'li6 ug{
11. hg;ªV\ of k|If]k0f ljlw / tl/sfx¿lar tn' gf ug{ .
12. gk] fndf n}ªl\ ustfsf] l:ylt JofVof ug{
13. ljleGg nª} l\ us d'2fx¿ klxrfg ug{
14. nª} \lus d'2f ;Dafw] g ug{] pkfox¿ ;'emfpg
15. ljjfxsf] cjwf/0ff k:| 6 kfg{
16. ljjfxsf] ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts, cflys{ kIfx¿sf] JofVof ljZn]if0f ug{
17. Ho]i7 gful/s;DawL a[xt\ of}lgstfsf] cjwf/0ff / ;dfh tyf ;:+ s[lt;uF cGt/;DaGw atfO{
n}ªl\ ustfdf cfwfl/t lx;+ fla?4 ;r]tLs/0f ug{
18. Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts hg;fªl\ Vos ;jfndf tsx{ ¿ /fVg
19. /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6o« gLlt sfo{jm| dsf] j0fg{ ug{
20. Hoi] 7 gful/s Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ atfpg
21. hg;ª\Vof tYofª\ssf k|fylds ;|ft] x¿ klxrfg u/L j0f{g ug{
22. lbuf] ljsf; cjwf/0ff / hg;ªV\ of kl/jtg{ df k|efj kfg]{ tŒjx¿ j0fg{ ug{
23. lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo tyf cfofdx¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg]
24. tYofª\s zf:qsf ;fwgx¿sf] klxrfg ug{
25. hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf tYofªs\ zf:qsf ljljw ;fwgsf] ko| f]u u/L hg;ªV\ of ljZni] f0f ug{
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 67
$= ljifoj:ts' f] If]q / j|md tflnsf
sIff M (
j|m=;= PsfO ;Ifdtf l;sfO pknlAw ljifoj:t' lj:t[tLs/0f Kff7\oef/
!= hg;ª\Vof hg;ª\Vofsf] - hg;ª\Vofsf] kl/ro / 1.1 hg;ª\Vofsf] kl/ro !%
/ hg;ªV\ of kl/ro,ljzi] ftf, ljzi] ftfx? j0fg{ ug{ 1.2 hg;ªV\ ofsf !%
lzIff dxŒjsf] JofVof - hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] ljz]iftfx¿
(Population p2]Zo / dxŒj atfpg 1.3 hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf]
and Popula- p2]Zo
tion Educa- hg;ª\Vof - dfNy;sf] hg;ªV\ of
tion) l;4fGt, gLlt l;4fGt / gk] fnsf] 1.4 hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf]
dxŒj
@= hg;ªV\ of
l;4fGt, gLlt 2.1 hg;ª\Vof l;4fGtsf]
cjwf/0ff
tyf sfoj{ |md tyf sfoj{ |md ;Gbed{ f o;sf] ko| f]uaf/] @=@ hg;ª\Vof l;4fGtx¿
(Popula- / o; ;Gbe{df VofVof ug{ s_ dfNy;sf] hg;ªV\ of
tion, Policies g]kfnsf] - hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL sfn{ l;4fGt / g]kfnsf
;Gbed{ f o;sf] k|of]u
theories and ko| f;sf] JofVof dfS;sf] ;dfhjfbL v_ hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL
programmes) sfn{dfS;{sf] ;dfhjfbL
wf/0ff / gk] fnsf] wf/0ff / gk] fnsf
;Gbed{ f o;sf] k|of]u
;DaGwdf o;sf] u_ cfbz{ hg;ªV\ of
l;4fGtsf] AofVof,
k|of]uaf/] j0fg{ ug{
- cfbz{ hg;ª\Vof
l;4fGtsf] JofVof ug{
- hg;fª\lvs ;ªj\ m| d0fsf] 3_ hg;fª\lVos ;ªj\ |md0fsf]
l;4fGt ljZni] f0f ug{ l;4fGt ljZn]if0f,
- hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL hGd @=# hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL hGd
kIfLo / hGd lj?4 kIfLo / hGd lj?4
gLltsf] cjwf/0ff JofVof gLlt
ug{ -rLg, leotgfd, stf/
/ g]kfnsf] ;Gbe;{ lxt_
68 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
#= hg;ª\Vof ljZj - ljZj hg;ªV\ ofsf] #=! ljZj hg;ª\Vof M !%
l:ylt (Popula- hg;ª\Vof cfsf/sf] ljut / ljut / jt{dfg cj:yf
tion Situa-
tion) l:yltsf]ljZni] f0f jt{dfg cj:yf t'ngf ug{ #=@ ljsl;t / ljsf;fG] d'v
- g]kfnsf] hg;ªV\ of bz] x¿sf] hg;ª\Vof
cfsf/sf] ljut / jtd{ fg cfsf/sf] t'ngf
cj:yfsf] j0f{g ug{ -s_ hg;ªV\ of lk/fld8sf]
- gk] fnsf] hg;ª\Vof cjwf/0ff
agf]6 / ljt/0f l:yltsf] -v_ ljsl;t / ljsf;fG] dv'
JofVof ug{ /fi6x« ¿sf] hg;ªV\ of
- hg;ªV\ of lk/fld8sf] lk/fld8sf] cfsf/
lgdf0{ f / ljZni] f0f ug{ #=# ;fs{ /fi6x« ¿sf] jtd{ fg
- hg3gTj / o;sf] hg;ªV\ of cfsf/sf]
jtd{ fg cj:yfsf] tn' gf
cjwf/0ff k|:t't #=$ gk] fnsf] hg;ªV\ of
ug{ ljut / jtd{ fg
-s_ g]kfnsf] hg;ªV\ ofsf]
cfsf/ M ljut /
jtd{ fg
-v_ hg;ª\Vof agf]6
-u_ hg;ª\Vofsf] ljt/0f
-3_ hg3gTj
-ª_ g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof
lk/fld8
$= nª} l\ ustfsf - n}ª\lustfsf] kl/ro lbg $=! n}ªl\ ustfsf] kl/ro *
n}ª\lustf ljleGg kIfsf]
JofVof - ofg} / n}ª\lustflar $=@ ofg} / nª} l\ ustfdf
leGgtf 56' \ofpg leGgtf
- nª} \lus e"ldsf / lje]b $=# nª} \lus lje]b /
klxrfg ug{ nª} l\ us e"ldsf
-s_ dlxnf / k'?ifnfO{ x'g]
lje]b
-v_ nª} l\ us e"ldsfsf] kl/ro
-u_ dlxnf / k'?ifn] ug]{
sfdx¿
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 69
%= a[xt\ a[xt\ ofl} gstf - a[xt\ of}lgstf lzIffsf] %=! ax[ t\ of}lgstf lzIffsf] !*
of}lgstf lzIffsf k|dv' kl/ro / o;sf] cf}lrTo cjwf/0ff
lzIff cjwf/0ffx¿sf] j0fg{ ug{
klxrfg -s_ ax[ t\ of}lgstf lzIffsf]
- ax[ t\ of}lgstf lzIffsf kl/ro
cjwf/0ffx¿ ljZni] f0f
ug{ -v_ a[xt\ ofl} gstf lzIffsf]
p2]Zo
-u_ ax[ t\ ofl} gstf lzIffsf]
dxŒj
%=@ of}lgstf lzIff;DaGwL
cGt/fl{ i6«o lgb]{zg
(ITGSE) af6 kf| Kt
dV' o cjwf/0ffx¿
%=# ;DaGw
-s_ kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf]
e"ldsf
-v_ ldqtf, k]|d / ;DaGw
-u_ ;xgzLntf / ;Ddfg
-3_ lbuf] kl| ta4tf, ljjfx /
cleefjsTj
%=$ d"No, clej[lQ / l;k
-s_ dN" o, clej[lQ /
ofl} gstf;DaGwL
l;sfOsf ;|f]tx¿
-v_ ofl} gs Jojxf/k|ltsf]
dfGotf / bf}t/L ke| fj
-u_ lg0fo{ ug]{ l;k
-3_ ;~rf/ l;k / ;Demf}tf
ug{] l;k
-ª_ of}lgs ;d:of ;dfwfg
ug{sf] nflu ;xof]u
kf| Kt ug]{ tl/sf
70 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
^= kfl/jfl/s kfl/jfl/s - kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIffsf] ! kfl/jfl/s cfjZostf / !%
hLjg lzIff hLjg lzIffn]
dfgjLo cfjZostf k|:6\ofpg >f]t Joj:yfkg
(Family life hLjgsf ljljw
education) kIfx¿dfly - kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIff, ^=!=! kfl/jfl/s hLjg
kfg]{ ke| fjsf] /fh] uf/L / dfgj lzIffsf] cjwf/0ff
JofVof ar] lavg tyf cf;] f/
^=!=@
k;f/larsf] cGof]Gofl>t lhDd]jf/ cleefjsTjsf]
cjwf/0ff
;DaGwsf] JofVof ug{ ^=!=# kl/jf/sf] cfdf,
- kl/jf/ of]hgf tyf afas' f] el" dsf tyf
To;sf] cfsf/ k|sf/ lhDd]jf/L
j0f{g ug{ ^=@ kfl/jfl/s hLjg
lzIff, /f]huf/L /
- u'0f:t/Lo hLjg / dfgj ar] lavg tyf
kfl/jfl/s hLjg lzIffsf cf];f/k;f/ aLrsf]
;DaGwsf] ljZni] f0f ug{ cGt/;DaGw
^=@=! /fh] uf/L / ;'vb
kfl/jfl/s hLjgsf]
nflu o;sf cfjZostf
^=@=@ dfgj a]rlavg
tyf cf;] f/k;f/sf]
cjwf/0ff
^=@=# dfgj ar] lavg tyf
cf];f/k;f/sf sf/0f,
/f]syfd tyf gk] fnsf]
;Gbed{ f o;sf] rg' f}tL
^=# kfl/jfl/s hLjg rjm|
-s_ kl/jf/ of]hgf
-v_ kl/jf/ lgofh] gsf]
cjwf/0ff
-u_ kl/jf/sf] cfsf/ /
ks| f/M
Psn kl/jf/ / ;+o'St
kl/jf/sf] cjwf/0ff
tyf ljz]iftfx¿
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 71
-3_ dfgj hLjgdf kl/jf/
sf] cfjZostf, dxŒj
/ sfo{
^=$ u0' f:t/Lo hLjg lzIffsf]
cjwf/0ff
- ;fgf] kl/jf/af6
u0' f:t/Lo hLjgdf k'Ug]
;xof]u
- kfl/jfl/s hLjg
lzIffn] u'0f:t/Lo
hLjgdf kU' g] kmfObf
& hg;ªV\ of -s_ hg;ªV\ of - hg;ª\Vof j[l4 / tLj| &=! hg;ªV\ of j[l4sf] kl/ro !%
M tLj| hg;ª\Vof jl[ 4sf]
Joj:yfkg jl[ 4sf] cjwf/0ff hg;ª\Vof jl[ 4sf] cjwf/0ff
Population sf/0f c;/ / cjwf/0ff k|:tt' ug{ &=@ tLj| hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf
Management Joj:yfkgsf sf/0fx¿
- tLj| hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf
pkfox¿sf] sf/0f / c;/ klxNofO{ -s_ ;fdflhs sf/0fM
klxrfg To;sf] Joj:yfkgsf clzIff, sd pd]/df
pkfox¿ j0fg{ ug{
- hg;ªV\ of Joj:yfkgdf ljjfx, 5f]/fsf] dfGotf,
;+nUg /fli6o« cGt/f{li6«o kl/jf/sf] cfsf/,
;+yf tyf lgsfox¿sf] dlxnfsf] l:ylt tyf
el" dsf Pjd\ sfox{ ¿ pRr lzz' dT[ ob' /
pNnv] ug{ cfly{s sf/0f
-v_ cflys{ :t/,
ul/aL, a]/f]huf/L,
s[lifdf cfwf/Lt
Joj;fo,
&=# tLj| hg;ªV\ of jl[ 4sf
c;/x¿
-s_ cfly{s – ;fdflhs c;/
M :jf:Yo ;]jf ;l' jwf,
lzIff, /fh] uf/L, vfBfGg
:jR5 vfg]kfgL, cfjf;
72 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
-v_ jftfj/0fLo c;/ M
- jg:klt, hn / :yn
kf| 0fL, xfjf, kfgL, df6f],
vlgh, jftfj/0fLo
k|b'if0f
&=$ tLj| hg;ª\Vof j[l4sf]
Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿
- :t/Lo lzIff, n+}lus
;dfgtf, pkoS' t
pd/] df ljjfx,
hGdfGt/, ue{ lg/fw] sf
pkfox¿ -kf| s[lts /
sl[ qd, :yfoL / c:yfoL_
&=% hg;ª\Vof Joj:yfkgdf
;+nUg /fli6«o tyf
cGt/fl{ i{ 6o« ;+:yf tyf
lgsfox¿
-s_ ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3Lo
hg;ªV\ of sf]if
(UNFPA)
-v_ oS' t /fi6« ;ª3\ Lo afnsf]if
(UNICEF)
-u_ ljZj vfB tyf s[lif
;ªu\ 7g (FAO)
-3_ g]kfn kl/jf/ lgofh] g
;ª3\ (FPAN)
* -s_ hg;ªV\ of - hg;ªV\ of / ljsf; *=! hg;ªV\ of / ljsf; !@
hg;ªV\ of / / ljsf;sf] larsf] cGt/;DaGw larsf] cGt/;DaGw
lbuf] ljsf; ;DaGw, lbuf] klxrfg ug{ *=@ lbuf] ljsf;sf
ljsf; /
o;sf] dxŒj - lbuf] ljsf; / o;sf] cfofdx?
af]w
dxŒj af]w u/L ljZni] f0f -s_ lbuf] ljsf;sf] kl/ro
ug{ dxŒj
-v_ hg;ª\Vof - hg;ªV\ of k|fs[lts ;|ft] -v_ k|fs[lts ;f| t] ;fwgsf]
kf| sl[ ts ;|f]t / lbuf] ljsf;sf] ;DaGw / plrt ko| fu]
lbuf] ljsf;sf]
ljZn]if0f k|ofu] af/] ;rt] /xg
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 73
-u_ zx/Ls/0f - ;x/Ls/0f tyf cf}Bfu] LsL -u_ lhDd]jf/L jxg
/ sf/0f c;/ tyf pkfo -3_ cfwf/et" j:ts' f] kl/kl" t{
cfB} fl]usLs/0fsf] pNnv] ug{
c;/ / -ª_ hg;xeflutfdf ljsf;
pkfox¿ -r_ ljsf;sf] ;Ldf
pNn]v -5_ bL3{sfnLg ;fr]
*=# hg;ªV\ of kf| s[lts ;f| t]
/ lbuf] ljsf; larsf]
;DaGw
*=$ ;x/Ls/0f /
cfB} fl] usLs/0f
-s_ ;x/Ls/0fsf sf/0f
-v_ cAojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f /
cfB} fl] usLs/0fsf c;/
/ o;nfO{ Go"gLs/0f
ug]{ pkfox¿
( hg;ªV\ of hg;ªV\ of lz- - hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf (=! hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf !%
ljZni] f0f cg;' Gwfg
Iffdfcg;' Gwfgsf] cg';Gwfgsf] ;4} flGts
( Population -s_ cg;' Gwfgsf] cjwf/0ff
analysis ) dxŒj / ljj]rgf ug{ -v_ cg;' Gwfgsf] p2Z] o
-u_ hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf
kl| j|mofsf] - cg';Gwfg kl| j|mofsf
ljjr] gf r/0fx¿sf] ko| f]u / cg';Gwfgsf]
k|bzg{ ug{
cfjZostf / dxŒj
(=@ cg;' Gwfg k|lj|mof
- k[i7el" d÷kl/ro
- p2Z] o
- cfl} rTo
- ;DalGwt ;flxTosf]
kg' /jnf]sg
- cg;' Gwfg ljlw
- tYofªs\ sf] tflnsLs/0f,
k:| t'tLs/0f, ljZni] f0f /
JofVof
74 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
- ;f/f+z, lgisif{ /
;'emfj
- ;Gbe{ ;r" L -tof/ ug]{
ljlw;lxt_
ko| f]ufTds $@
;}4flGts !@*
!&)
hDdf
sIff !)
j|m=;= PsfO ;Ifdtf l;sfO pknlAw ljifo lj:tt[ Ls/0f Kff7\oef/
!= hg;ª\Vof hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] - hg;ªV\ ofsf] kl/ro - hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] @)
/ hg;ªV\ of kl/ro, ljzi] ftf, JofVof ug{ kl/ro / cjwf/0ff
lzIff Ifq] / gk] fndf
- hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] - hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf]
hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] ljzi] ftfx¿ j0f{g ug{ ljz]iftfx¿
ljZn]if0f
- hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf] - hg;ªV\ of lzIffsf
Ifq] x¿ klxrfg ug{ Ifq] x¿
- gk] fndf - gk] fndf hg;ªV\ ofsf]
hg;ª\Vof lzIffsf] cfsf/, jl[ 4b/ ljt/0f
l:ylt ljZni] f0f ug{
- l5d]sL bz] x¿df
hg;ª\Vof lzIff;DaGwL
cEof;x¿
- ef/t
- rLg
@= gk] fnsf] hg;ªV\ of - hg;ªV\ of gLltsf] - hfkfg
- g]kfnsf] hg;ª\Vof gLlt !%
hg;ª\of gLlt gLlt tyf sfo{jm| dsf] cjwf/0ff k:| 6 kfg{
tyf sfoj{ |md
tyf sfo{j|md jtd{ fg cj:yf - g]kfnsf] ;Gbed{ f
/ g]kfn tyf /fli6o« hg;ª\Vof;+u - g]kfndf hg;ªV\ of tyf
;DalGwt ljljw jftfj/0f dGqfnosf]
tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o sfo{jm| dx¿ JofVof u7g tyf o;kl5sf
kl| ta4tfx¿sf] ug{ pknlAw
JofVof
- gk] fndf hg;ª\Vof
gLlt tyf sfo{jm| d /
lgDglnlvt s/' fsf]
jt{dfg cj:yfM
dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 75
- g]knsf] jtd{ fg - kl/jf/ lgofh] g
hg;ª\Vof gLltsf] sfo{j|mdsf] jt{dfg cj:yf
ljZn]if0f ug{ - lzz' tyf afnd[Tob' /sf]
- g]kfnsf ;Gbed{ f k|j[lQ
hg;ª\Vof;DaGwL - dft[ dT[ ob' /sf] ljut /
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o jtd{ fg cj:yf
kl| ta4tfx¿sf af/d] f
5nkmn ug{ - s'n k|hgg b/sf] jtd{ fg
cj:yf
- kl/jf/
lgofh] g tyf c:yfoL
;fwg pknAwtfsf]
jt{dfg cj:yf
- gk] fndf hg;ªV\ of
gLltsf] jtd{ fg cj:yf
- cfjlws of]hgfx¿df
hg;ªV\ of gLlt tyf
sfo{j|md -ky| d k~rjifLo{
of]hgfbl] v jtd{ fg rfn'
ofh] gf;Dd_
- lszf/] fj:yfsf
kh| gg;DaGwL ;/sf/L
gLlt
- ue{ ktg;DaGwL ;/sf/L
gLlt
- g]kfndf ue{ ktgsf]
sfg'gL cj:yf
- bL3{sfnLg hg;ª\Vof
gLlt
- gk] fnsf ;DaGwdf
hg;ªV\ of;DaGwL
/fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6o«
k|lta4tfx¿
76 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
#= hg;ªV\ of hg;ªV\ of - hg;ªV\ of kl/jtg{ df - hg;ª\Vof kl/jtg{ df !%
l:ylt kl/jt{gdf k|efj ke| fj kfg]{ tŒjx¿sf] k|efj kfg]{ tŒjx¿
ljZni] f0f ug{
kfg]{ tŒjx¿sf] - hGd÷k|hgg
ljZn]if0f / - hg;ª\Vof k|If]k0fsf]
hg;ªV\ of k|If]k0f cjwf/0ff, cjZostf - d[To÷' d/0f
ljlw / tl/sfx¿sf] / dxŒj kl' i6 ug{
k|bz{g - a;fOF;/fO
- hg;ªV\ of kI| fk] 0f
ljlw / tl/sfx¿ lar - hg;ªV\ of kI| fk] 0f
t'ngf ug{ cjwf/0ff / k|of]u
- hg;ªV\ of kI| f]k0fsf]
cjwf/0ff tyf hg;ªV\ of
cgd' fg / eljiojf0fL;Fu
t'ngf
- hg;ªV\ of kI| fk] 0fsf]
cfjZostf / dxŒj
- hg;ª\Vof k|Ifk] 0fsf
ljlwx¿ -ul0ftLo ljlw,
;Dk"/s ljlw_
$=nª} l\ ustf n}ªl\ ustfsf ljljw - gk] fndf n}ªl\ ustfsf] - gk] fn / ljZjsf]
kIfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f l:ylt JofVof ug{ hg;ªV\ of kI| fk] 0fsf]
cEof;
- g]kfnsf ;Gebd{ f
n}ª\lustf
- ljleGg n}ªl\ us - n}ªl\ ustfsf] ;fdflhs
d2' fx¿ klxrfg ug{ ;+/rgf
- n}ª\lus d2' f ;Daf]wg - nª} l\ ustf;DaGwL
ug{] pkfox¿ ;'emfpg ;fdflhs dN" o dfGotf
- ;d;fdlos nª} \lus
d2' fx¿
- n}ªl\ us ;dfgtf / ;dtf
- n}ª\lustf / dlxnf
;zStLs/0f
- n}ª\lustfsf r'gft} Lx¿ /
cj;/x¿
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 77
- nª} \lus d'2f / hg;ª\Vof *
lzIff
- n}ªl\ us d2' fsf ;fdflhs
kl/0ffdx¿
- nª} \lus d2' fnfO{ ;Dafw] g
ug{] ko| f;x¿
%= a[xt\ a[xt\ ofl} gstf - cfd ;~rf/n] - nª} \lus d2' fnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ofl} gstf lzIffsf kd| 'v ofl} gstfdf ug{ hg;ª\Vof lzIff
lzIff cjwf/0ffx¿sf] kf/s] f ;sf/fTds /
ljZni] f0f gsf/fTds k|efjaf/] - ofl} gstf ;:+ sl[ t, ;dfh /
rrf{ ug{ dfgj clwsf/
- cjwf/0ff / cGt/;DaGw
- of}lgstf / cfd ;~rf/
- dfgj ljsf;sf - n}ª\lustfdf cfwfl/t
ljleGg r/0fx¿ lx+;f
klxrfg ug{ - dfgj clwsf/ tyf
- of}lgs rj|mnfO{ JofVof ofl} gs tyf k|hgg
ug{ clwsf/ / o;nfO{ ;+/If0f
- of}ghGo ;ª\j|md0f / ug{] pkfox¿
PrcfOe{ L ;ªj\ m| d0fsf] - of}lgs tyf kh| gg k0| ffnL
hf]lvdsf] klxrfg - of}jgfj:yf
u/L hfl] vd Go"gLs/0f
ug]{ pkfox¿ - zf/Ll/s cfsl[ t
cjnDjg ug{ - uf]kgLotf tyf
z/L/kl| tsf] nufj
- of}g, of}lgstf / of}lgs
hLjg rjm|
- of}lgs Jojxf/ / ofl} gs
k|ltlj|mof
- of}lgs tyf kh| gg :jf:Yo
- ue{ Joj:yfkg
78 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
- ofg} hGo ;ªj\ m| d0f / @)
PrcfO{eL ;ªj\ |md0fsf]
hfl] vdsf] klxrfg /
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{
pkfox¿
- PrcfOe{ L / P8\;,
nfG5gf / kg' :yf{kgf
^= kfl/jfl/s ljjfxsf ljleGg - ljjfxsf] cjwf/0ff - ofg} ;ªj\ m| d0f / PrcfO{eL
hLjg lzIff kIfx¿sf] JofVof k:| 6 kfg{ ;ª\j|md0fsf] pkrf/,
x]/rfx / ;xof]u
- ljjfxsf] cjwf/0ff lsl;d !%
/ kr| lnt ks| f/x¿
Hoi] 7 gful/s;DaGwL - ljjfxsf] - -dfuL ljjfx, eufO
;fdflhs, ;+:sl[ ts, ;fdflhs,;f:+ sl[ ts, ljjfx, efph' a]xf]g]{
hg;fª\lVos ;jfn, cfly{s kIfx¿sf] ljjfx, uGwj{ ljjfx, hf/L
/fli6«o tyf JofVof ljZn]if0f ug{ ljjfx_
cGt/fl{ i6o« gLlt
sfoj{ |md tyf Hoi] 7 - Hoi] 7 gful/s;DaGwL - ljjfxsf] pko'St pd]/
gful/s Joj:yfkg ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts
hg;ffªl\ Vos ;jfndf - ljjfx;DaGwL
tsx{ ¿ /fVg hg;fª\lVos ;jfnx¿
- Ho]i7 gful/s ;DaGwL - ljjfx;DaGwL sfgg' L
/fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o k|fjwfgx¿ -ab/ x'g]
gLlt sfo{jm| dsf] j0f{g ljjfx, ab/ x'g ;Sg]
ug{ ljjfx, b08gLo ljjfx,
jw} ljjfx
- Ho]i7 gful/s
Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ - ljjfx;DaGwL ;dfhjfbL
atfpg bl[ i6sf]0f
-Ps klt — Ps kTgL
k|yf, ax' klt k|yf, ax'
kTgL k|yf _
- Hfg;fª\lVos b[li6sf0] fdf
ljjfx
-klxnf] ljjfx, bf;] f| ] jf
k'gM ljjfx_
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 79
- afFemf]kgfsf] cjwf/0ff,
sf/0f, k|efj / Joj:yfkg
-k'?ifsf] sf/0f,dlxnfsf]
sf/0f_
- afFemf]kgfsf ke| fj
- afeF mfk] gf ;dfwfgsf
pkfox¿
- bDktL cfkm}Fn] ug{] pkfo,
lrlsT;ssf] ;xofu] af6
ul/g] pkfo
- Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL
/fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6«o
gLlt / sfo{j|mdx¿
- ljsl;t tyf
ljsf;f]Gdv' /fi6x« ¿df
Hoi] 7 gful/ssf] jl[ 4sf]
k|j[lQ, ASSRC df Ho]i7
gful/ssf] cj:yf, cfi} ft
pd/] / j4[ fj:yf,
- Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL
/fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6o«
gLlt tyf sfo{j|mdx¿
- Ho]i7 gful/s;DaGwL
;fdflhs, ;f:s[lts /
hg;fª\lVos ;jfnx¿
&= hg;ªV\ of - hg;ª\Vof - hg;ª\Vof tYofªs\ sf - Hoi] 7 gful/s Joj:yfkg
tYofª\ssf - hg;ªV\ of tYofªs\ sf
;|f]tx¿ tYofª\sfk|fylds k|ylds ;f| t] x¿
;f| t] x¿
Population ;|f]tx¿sf] klxrfg u/L j0f{g ug{
Manage- o kf| ylds ;|f]t
ment JofVof
o låtLo ;|ft]
kf| ylds ;f| ]t
- hgu0fgf
80 dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
- hgu0fgfsf] P]ltxfl;s !%
ljsf;
- :yfoL hgu0fgf ljlw
- c:yfoL hgu0fgf ljlw
- kl/:st[ :yfoL hgu0fgf
ljlw
- gd'gf ;j{I] f0f
- k~hLs/0f k0| ffnL
- kz| f;sLo nfut
- hg;ª\Vofdf clen]v
PsfO * -s_ lbuf] - lbuf] ljsf; - lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIosf] !%
ljsf;sf] nIosf]
hg;ª\Vof / cjwf/0f / cjwf/0ff / hg;ª\Vof cjwf/0ff
hg;ª\Vof cj:yf
lbuf] ljsf; ljZni] f0f kl/jt{gdf ke| fj kfg{] - lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo /
Popula- tŒjx¿sf] j0f{g ug{ hg;ªV\ of
tion Sus- -v_ lbuf]
tainable ljsf;sf] gofF - lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo - lbuf] ljsf;df gofF
Develop- cfofd j0f{g tyf cfofdx¿sf] cfofdx¿M
ment
ljZn]if0f ug{
cflys{ , ;fdflhs,
;f:+ sl[ ts, jftfj/0fLo,
/fhgLlts, dfgjLo,
kz| f;sLo
(= hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf - tYofªs\ zf:qsf - lbuf] ljsf;sf] nIo / !%
hg;ªV\ of tYofªs\ zf:qsf] ;fwgx¿sf] klxrfg g]kfn
ljZn]if0f ko| f]u ug{
- hg;ª\Vof lzIffdf
- hg;ª\Vof lzIffdf tYofªs\ zf:q
tYofª\s zf:qsf
(Population ljljw ;fwgsf] - dWos / hg;ªV\ of
analysis) ko| fu] u/L hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf o;sf] k|ofu]
ljZn]if0f ug{
- dlWosf / hg;ªV\ of
lzIffdf o;sf] ko| fu]
- l/t / hg;ªV\ of lzIffdf
o;sf] ko| fu]
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 81
- :t/Lotf ljrng /
hg;ª\Vof lzIffdf o;sf]
ko| fu]
ko| fu] fTds v08 - cfj[lQ, tflnsLs/0f,
;}4flGts :tDe lrq, j[Q lrqsf]
hDdf cWoog ;fy} hg;flª\Vos
tYofªs\ x¿sf] k:| t'lt
$@
!@*
!&)
%= l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof
o; ljifosf 1fg, l;k / wf/0ffnfO{ ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t agfOPsf] 5 . o; ljifosf] kf7\oj|mdn]
;}4flGts Pjd\ Jofjxfl/s kIfx¿nfO{ ;d]6s] f] 5 . o; ljifodf Jofjxfl/s 1fg lbgsf nflu ljBfno
jl/kl/sf] Ifq] / j:tx' ¿nfO{ lzIf0f ;fdu|Lsf ¿kdf k|of]udf Nofpgk' g{] 5 . l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{
ljBfyL{sf ?lr, Ifdtf / cfjZostf tyf ax'afl} 4stf / km/s l;sfO IfdtfNffO{ ;d]t Wofg ug'k{ g{]
5 . ;fy} ljBfyLn{ fO{ 3f]Sg,] s07 u/fpge] Gbf klg sfo{ u//] , k|of]u u/]/, vf]h u/]/ l;Sg] kIfnfO{ hf]8
ugk'{ g{] 5 . lzIfsn] of] ljifo lzIf0f ubf{ sIffdf ljBfyLx{ ¿lar 5nkmn u/fpg], ;;fgf kl/of]hgf
sfo{x¿ ug{ lbg], sIffdf ;f]sf] kl| tjb] g k:| t't ug{ nufpg] / vf]hL ug{] sfod{ f ;+nUg u/fpg] h:tf
lzIf0f ;xhLs/0f ljm| ofsnfkx¿ k|of]udf Nofpg ;Sg] 5g\ .
:yfgLo kl/j]z, ljifoj:ts' f] ks| [lt / :j¿ksf cfwf/df lzIf0f ljlwdf ljljwtf Nofpg ;lsg] 5 .
lzIfsn] lzIf0f ljlwsf] 5gf6] ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] pd/] , tx, ?lr, km/s l;sfO Ifdtf, ax'afl} 4stf,
;fdflhs tyf dgfj] 1} flgs k[i7e"ld, ljBfyL{ ;ª\Vof, z}lIfs ;fduL| sf] pknAwtf cflb ;dt] nfO{ Wofg
lbgk' g]{ 5 . l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;xeflutf Pjd\ ;fd"lxs tyf ;xof]ufTds l;sfOnfO{
k|f]T;fxg ugk'{ g{] 5 . lzIfsn] o; ljifodf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ubf{ ljBfyL{
sl] Gbt| ljlwsf] ko| fu] ugk{' b5{ . To;n} ] lzIfsn] ljBfyL{x¿sf] ;lj|mo ;xeflutfdf ljzi] f hf]8 lbg
cfkm"nfO{ ;xh stf{sf] ¿kdf k:| t't u/L pgLx¿nfO{ kZ| gf]Q/, 5nkmn, kl| tjb] g n]vg tyf k|:t'lt cflb
ljm| ofsnfkx¿df ;+nUg x'g kf| T] ;flxt ugk'{ g]{ 5 . o;} u/L lzIfsn] ljBfyLs{ f sdL sdhf]/Lx¿nfO{
/fd/| L sn] fO{ pgLx¿nfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] 7fpdF f ;xofu] k'¥ofpg'sf ;fy} cfjZostfcg';f/ yk of]hgf
agfO{ pkrf/fTds lzIf0f k4lt;d]t pkofu] ug{'kg{] 5 .
^= dN" ofª\sg kl| j|mof
hg;ª\Vof lzIff ljifosf] kf7\oj|mddf ;dfjz] ePsf ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw / ltgsf ljifoj:t'sf]
cfwf/df ljBfyL{x¿sf] dN" ofªs\ g ugk{' 5{ . o; ljifosf] dN" ofª\sg ;4} flGts / ko| f]ufTds bj' }
82 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
¿kdf x'g] 5 . o;df ;4} flGtscGtut{ &% k|ltzt / k|of]ufTdscGtut{ @% k|ltzt cªs\ ef/ sfod
ul/Psf] 5 .
lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofªs\ g
d"Nofª\sg ubf{ lgdf{0ffTds / lg0fo{ fTds bj' } ljlwx¿sf] ko| f]u ugk{' g{] 5 . lg0f{ofTds dN" ofª\sgsf
nflu ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] sfo{ ;~rlosf kmfon -Portfolio_ agfO{ pgLx¿n] u/]sf sfo{ / ;lj|motf
cjnf]sg tyf xflh/Lsf cfwf/df cªs\ k|bfg ug'{k5{ . ljBfyL{n] ;}4flGts / ko| f]ufTds v08df
kf| Kt u/]sf cªs\ nfO{ 5'6\6f 56' \6} / ljifout sn' kf| Ktfª\snfO{ cIf/fª\sg k4ltdf ¿kfGt/ u/L
cIf/ u]8| df dN" ofªs\ g ul/g] 5 . o; ljifodf ljBfyL{ pknlAw dN" ofª\sgsf p2]Zox¿ lgDgfg;' f/
lgwf{/0f ul/Psf 5g\ M
-s_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAwcg'¿k ljBfyL{x¿n] ljifoj:t'sf] 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;ss] f 5g\ jf 5}gg\
eGg]af/] lg/Gt/ ¿kdf d"Nofªs\ g ug]{
-v_ ljBfyL{sf l;sfOsf] :t/ klxrfg u/L pgLx¿sf sdL sdhf]/L x6fpg cnu cnu of]hgf agfO{
;fc] g'¿k pkrf/fTds lzIf0f u/L ;a} ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;'lglZrt ug]{
-u_ lgdf0{ ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf] cfwf/df lzIf0f ;xhLs/0fdf cfjZos ;w' f/ u/L l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L
agfpg]
-3_ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf] oyfy{ ;"rgf ljBfyL{ / cleefjsx¿nfO{ lg/Gt/ lbg] / cfjZos k[i7kf]if0f
tyf k/fdz{ lng÷] lbg]
k|ofu] fTds dN" ofªs\ g
ljBfyL{x¿sf] ko| f]ufTds d"Nofªs\ gsf nflu @% k|ltzt cª\sef/ lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf] 5 . ko| fu] fTds
d"Nofª\sg ubf{ ljBfyLs{ f] lgdf{0ffTds d"Nofª\sgsf] ;dt] cfwf/ lng'kg]{ 5 . k|of]ufTds d"Nofª\sgsf]
cª\s lgDgfg;' f/ juL{s/0f u/L kb| fg ugk'{ g{] 5 M
lg0fo{ fTds dN" ofªs\ gsf cfwf/x¿ ljlzli6s/0f tflnsfadfl] hd xg' ] 5g\ M
ko| fu] fTds d"Nofª\sgsf cfwf/x¿ lgDgfg';f/ xg' ] 5g\ M
-s_ ;sf/fTds Jojxf/ kl/jtg{ % cª\s
-v_ ko| fu] fTds d"Nofªs\ g kmfon !) cªs\
-u_ kl/of]hgf sfo,{ If]q ed| 0f / kl| tj]bg % cªs\
-3_ k|of]ufTds k/LIff % cª\s
hDdf @% cªs\
dfWolds lzIff kf7\oj|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 83
pSt d"Nofªs\ gsf nflu lgDgfg;' f/sf k|lj|mof cjnDag ug{k' g{] 5 M
• lglZrt ;doleq dfq d"Nofªs\ g gu/L lgoldt ¿kdf ljBfyL{n] u/s] f sfo{ / Jojxf/
kl/jtg{ sf] cjnf]sg u/L d"Nofª\sg ugk'{ g]{ 5 .
• ljBfyLx{ ¿sf] sfo{ ;~rlosf kmfon -Portfolio_ agfO{ pgLx¿n] u/s] f sfo,{ xflh/L /
;ljm| otfsf cfwf/df cªs\ k|bfg ug{k' g{] 5 .
• kT| os] PsfOaf6 sDtLdf Ps Pscf6] f kl/ofh] gf sfo{ jf Ifq] ed| 0f u/fO{ dN" ofªs\ g ugk{' g{] 5 .
• ljBfyL{n] u/s] f ;e]I{ f0f sIff sfo,{ kl/of]hgf sfo,{ l;hg{ fTds sfo{, l;kdn" s sfo{, vf]hd"ns
sfo{ cflb / ;f;] uF ;DalGwt ko| fu] fTds k/LIffnfO{ k|ofu] fTds dN" ofª\sgsf] k|dv' cfwf/ dflgg]
5.
ko| fu] fTds d"Nofªs\ gsf] kl/of]hgf sfo{ / Ifq] ed| 0f afkt cªs\ k|bfg ubf{ ljBfyL{n] /fli6«o dxŒjsf
sfo{jm| dcGtu{t ;Dkfbg u/s] f jf of]ubfg lbPsf sfon{ fO{ ;d]t u0fgf ug{ ;lsg] 5 . km/s Ifdtf
ePsf ljBfyL{ / axa' fl} 4stfnfO{ Vofn ub}{ pko'St dN" ofª\sgsf ;fwg, ;|ft] / tl/sf k|ofu] u/L
d"Nofªs\ g ug'k{ g]{ 5 . k|ofu] fTds d"Nofªs\ gnfO{ :ki6 kfg{ 5'6\6} k|ofu] fTds dN" ofª\sg k'l:tsf ljsf;
u/L k|of]udf NofOg] 5 .
lg0f{ofTds dN" ofªs\ g
kf7\oj|mdn] lgwf{/0f u/s] f p2]Zocg¿' k ljBfyL{x¿n] 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ k|fKt u/] gu/s] f] d"Nofª\sg
u/L To;sf cfwf/df :t/ lgwf{/0f ug]{ lg0f{o lnOG5 eg] To:tf] d"Nofªs\ gnfO{ lg0fo{ fTds d"Nofª\sg
elgG5 . o:tf] dN" ofª\sg cfjlws ¿kdf ug]{ ul/G5 . o;sf nflu ko| fu] fTds tyf cfGtl/s
dN" ofªs\ gsf] @% k|ltzt / clGtd k/LIffsf nflu &% kl| tzt ef/ 5'6o\ fPsf] 5 . o; kf7o\ j|mdsf]
cg';r" Lsf ¿kdf dN" ofªs\ g k|lj|mof, cªs\ ljefhg tyf clGtd dN" ofªs\ gsf nflu ljlzi6Ls/0f
tflnsf ks| fzg ul/g] 5 . ;DalGwt ljBfno, /fli6o« k/LIff af8] { tyf ;DalGwt cGo lgsfon]
;fx] Lcg';f/ k/LIff ;~rfng / ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ jf u]8| lgwf/{ 0f ugk{' b5{ .
84 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
jftfj/0f lj1fg
!= kl/ro
jftfj/0f ;hLj / lghL{j j:t'x¿larsf] ;DaGWf, lge{/tf, cGt/ljm| of cflbsf] ;dli6ut ¿k xf] .
of] Jofks 5 . hLjgsfn] flu cgs' "n jftfj/0f ePsfn] kY[ jLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj sfod xg' ;ss] f]
xf] . JolStsf] lbgrof{ ;/n tyf ;'ljwfo'St agfO{ >]i7tf xfl;n ugs{ f nflu gof“ gof“ k|ljlw,
pks/0f÷;fwg, /f;folgs kbfy{ cflbsf] ljsf; / k|ofu] lbg k|ltlbg a9\b} uPsf] 5 . o;n] dflg;sf]
hLjgofkgdf w/] } ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 t/ ;d'lrt k|of]u ug{ g;Sgfn] Jfftfj/0fdf gsf/fTds c;/
klg k'¥ofPsf] 5 . To:t} dflg;n] jt{dfg ;donfO{ dfq bl[ i6ut u/]sf sltko ljm| ofsnfkn] jftfj/0f
k|bl' ift xb'F } uPsf] 5 . dfgj lgldt{ j:t,' dfgjLo ls|ofsnfk, ljsf; ultljlwx¿ cflbsf] b':ke| fj
kY[ jLdf kl//x]sf] 5 . kmn:j¿k jgljgfz, k|bi" f0f, af9L klx/f], e"Ifo, kfgLsf] ;|f]tdf gsf/fTds
k|efj, tfks|d jl[ 4, cfh] g txsf] xf| ; h:tf hl6n jftfj/0fLo ;d:ofx¿ l;h{gf ePsf 5g\ . o;
lsl;dsf ;d:ofx¿n] hLjhGt,' kf| sl[ ts ;Dkbf, ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbf, df};d, kfgL cflb jftfj/0fLo
kIfx¿nfO{ k|ltsn' c;/ k'¥ofp“5 . jftfj/0fdf cfPsf] xf| ;n] k[YjLdf /x]sf ;a} ;hLjsf] cl:tTj
g} ;ªs\ 6df kg{] ;Defjgf a9b} uPsf] 5 . jftfj/0f :jR5 / :j:Yo ePdf kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnLdf
;Gtn' g xg' ] / k[YjLdf ePsf ;Dk0" f{ hLjhGt' afR“ g ;Sg] l:ylt sfod eO/xG5 . To;}n] jftfj/0f
;/+ If0f ;a}sf] rf;fs] f] ljifo xf] .
jftfj/0f ;/+ If0fdf dfgj hfltsf] kd| 'v e"ldsf /x]sf] 5 . o;df x/]s JolSt, kl/jf/, ;d'bfo /
;Da4 ;a} lgsfon] cf cfˆgf] If]qaf6 ljzi] f e"ldsf lgjfx{ ug‘{ kg]{ xG' 5 . t;y{ xfdL ;an} ] jftfj/0f
;/+ If0f / ;+jwg{ sf] cfjZostf, dxŒj cflbsf] 1fg tyf l;k k|fKt ug'{ tyf k|of]u ug'{ cfjZos xG' 5 .
o;} kl/k|I] onfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/L dfWolds txsf] jftfj/0f lj1fg -P]lR5s_ ljifonfO{ ablnbf] kl/j]z,
jftfj/0fsf] If]qdf ljsf; ePsf gofg“ of“ cfofdx¿nfO{ ;a+ f]wg u/L ;dofgs' n" agfO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿df
;sf/fTds ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; u/L bl} gs hLjgdf jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f tyf ;bk' ofu] ug{ ;xofu] ug{
dfh} 'bf jftfj/0f lj1fg -Pl] R5s_ sf] sIff ( / !) sf] kf7\os|dnfO{ kl/dfhg{ u/L jftfj/0f lj1fg
-Pl] R5s_ kf7o\ j|mdsf] ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .
jftfj/0f lj1fg ljifonfO{ ¿lrk0" f{ agfpg / ljBfyLx{ ¿df kT| oIf cg'ej (Hands on experience) u/fO{
j1} flgs ;e' mae' msf] ljsf; u/fO{ Jofjxfl/s kl/jtg{ u/fpg k|ofu] fTds sfos{ f nflu @% k|ltzt
kf7\oef/sf] Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 .
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 85
@= txut ;Ifdtf
dfWolds tx -sIff (-!)_ sf] jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] cWoog k"/f u/]kl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿n] lgDglnlvt
;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ M
!= jftfj/0fsf tŒjx¿ / ltgsf] dxŒjsf] afw] tyf jftfj/0f ;+/If0fsf pkfox¿sf] a'emfOsf]
kb| z{g
@= kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnL, k|fsl[ ts ;f| ]tx¿, pmhf,{ h}ljs ljljwtf, jftfj/0fLo k|b"if0f, k|sfk] / ljkt\
Joj:yfkgdf ;r]tgf
#= lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu sl[ if, jg tyf pBfu] df jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlw tyf pkfox¿sf] cjnDag
$= jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf :yfgLo, /fli6o« tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o k|of;x¿;u“ kl/lrt eO{ ;fs] f] el" dsf
cjnDag
%= :j:y / Jojl:yt jftfj/0f lgdf{0fsf pkfox¿ klxrfg / ko| f]u
^= hnjfo' kl/j{tg;“u kl/lrt eO{ cg'sn" g (Adaptation) / Go"gLs/0f (Mitigation) df
;xeflutf tyf of]ubfg
#= sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
-s_ sIff ( sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿
Ifq] ! M jftfj/0fsf] kl/ro
!= jftfj/0fsf] kl/ro lbg
@= jftfj/0fsf] dxŒj;“u kl/lrt x'g
#= jftfj/0fLo tŒjx¿sf] JofVof ug{
$= jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] kl/ro lbg
Ifq] @ M kfl/l:ylts lj1fg / k0| ffnL
!=kfl/l:ylts lj1fg / kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] kl/ro lbO{ JofVof ug{
@= kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnLsf] k|sf/ pbfx/0f;lxt JofVof ug{
#= kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLdf vfB:t/sf] a'emfO k|bzg{ ug{
Ifq] # M gk] fnsf kf| s[lts ;f| ]tx¿ / hl} js ljljwtf
!= kf| sl[ ts ;f| ]tsf] kl/ro lbg
@= g]kfndf ePsf kf| s[lts ;f| ]tx¿sf] klxrfg u/L juLs{ /0f ug{
#= hn;f| t] , df6f,] vlgh / jghª\unsf] l:ylt, dxŒj, ks| f/, pkofl] utf / ;/+ If0fsf] j0fg{ ug{
$= df6fsf] lgdf0{ f k|ljm| of / df6fsf] xf| ; -eI" fo_ sf sf/0fx¿sf] ae' mfOsf] k|bz{g ug{
86 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !)
%= jghªu\ nsf] ljgf;sf sf/0f / c;/ klxrfg ug{
Ifq] $ M jftfj/0fLo kb| i" f0f
!= jftfj/0ffLo kb| i" f0fsf] kl/ro lbg
@= jftfj/0f k|b"if0fsf] ;|ft] x¿ klxrfg u/L a'emfO kb| zg{ ug{
#= jftfj/0f kb| i" f0fsf] juL{s/0f -cfGtl/s / afx\o u/L_ JofVof ug{
Ifq] % M Hfnjfo' kl/jtg{ / o;sf] c;/
!= Dff;} d / hnjfo' kl/jtg{ sf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf sf/0f tyf c;/x¿sf] JofVof ug{
@= ljZjJofkL pmi0ftfsf] kl/ro, sf/0f / c;/x¿ klxrfg u/L JofVof ug{
#= g]kfnsf] ;Gbe{df ljZjJofkL pmi0ftfn] kfg]{ c;/x¿ klxNofpg
Ifq] ^ M Jf}slNks pmhf{
!= j}slNks pmhf{sf] kl/ro, l:ylt / dxŒjsf] j0f{g ug{
@= j}slNks pmhf{sf] k|sf/x¿sf] j0fg{ ug{
If]q & M jftfj/0f / lbuf] ljsf;
!= lbuf] ljsf;sf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf] cfjZostf klxNofpg
@= k[YjLsf] axg Ifdtfsf] cjwf/0ff k|:t't ug{
#= jftfj/0fdq} L hLjg zn} Lsf] kl/ro lbg / o;nfO{ cjnDag ug{
$= lbuf] ljsf;sf nflu jftfj/0fdq} L kl| jlwsf] k|ofu] ;DaGwL ae' mfO kb| zg{ ug{
If]q * M jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo
!= :jf:Yo / jftfj/0f larsf] cGt/;DaGw klxrfg ug{
@= :j:y /xgsf nflu :jR5 jftfj/0fsf] dxŒjsf] JofVof ug{
If]q ( M Kff| s[lts k|sfk] / ljkt\ JoJf:yfkg
!= kf| s[lts ks| fk] sf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf ks| f/x¿sf] juL{s/0f ug{
@= k|fs[lts ks| f]ksf] sf/0f tyf c;/ klxNofO{ o;sf kj" t{ of/L, /fs] yfd, Joj:yfkg tyf Gog" Ls/0fsf
pkfox¿ k|:tt' ug{
Ifq] !) M jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg
!= Jfftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf] dxŒjsf] JofVof ug{
@= Jfftfj/0f Joj:yfkgdf JolSt, kl/jf/, ;d'bfo / :yfgLo txsf] el" dsf j0fg{ ug{
#= Jfftfj/0fdq} L :yfgLo ;r" sx¿sf] klxrfg ug{
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 87
$= Jfftfj/0fd}qL hLljsf]kfhg{ sf] juL{s/0f u/L ltgsf] JofVof ug{
-v_ sIff !) sf l;sfO pknlAwx¿
sIff !) sf] jtfj/0f lj1fg ljifosf] cWoogkl5 ljBfyLx{ ¿ lgDglnlvt s/' fx¿df ;Ifd xg' ] 5g\ M
Ifq] ! M jftfj/0fsf] kl/ro
!= jftf/0fLo ljsf;j|mdsf] j0f{g ug{
@= jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] cfjZostf / dxŒj JofVof ug{
Ifq] @ M kfl/l:ylts lj1fg / k|0ffnL
1. :ynLo kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnLsf ks| f/x¿sf] juL{s/0f ug{ / ltgsf] JofVof ug{
2. ultzLn hnLo kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnL / l:y/ hnLo kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnLsf] kl/ro lbO{ ltgLx¿larsf]
leGgtf 56' o\ fpg
3. :yfgLo :t/df pknAw ultzLn hnLo tyf l:y/ hnLo kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnL;“u kl/rt x'g
4. g]kfnsf] dV' o l;d;f/ Ifq] x¿, o;sf dxŒjk"0f{ kIfx¿ / ;+/If0f ug]{ pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{
If]q # M g]kfnsf k|fs[lts ;f| ]tx¿ / h}ljs ljljwtf
!= hl} js ljljwtfsf] kl/ro, k|sf/, dxŒj, o;sf] x|f; x'gsf sf/0f / c;/x¿ atfpg
@= hl} js ljljwtf ;/+ If0fsf pkfox¿sf] pbfx/0f;lxt j0f{g ug{ / o;sf nflu gk] fndf ePsf
ko| f;x¿ pNnv] ug{
#= gk] fnsf /y} fg] hgfj/ / la¿jfsf] klxrfg u/L ltgsf] dxŒj j0fg{ ug{
$= :j:yfgLo tyf k/:yfgLo ;/+ If0fsf] cjwf/0ff k|:tt' ug{ / ltgLx¿larsf] leGgtf pNnv] ug{
%= h}ljs ljljwtf;DaGwL :yfgLo 1fg l;ksf] klxrfg u/L c;n cEof;x¿sf] cjnDag ug{
^= h}ljs ljljwtf ;/+ If0f sfo{df gk] fndf eO/xs] f ko| f;x¿sf] ;r" L tof/ ug{
Ifq] $ M jftfj/0fLo kb| "if0f
!= /l] 8of]wdL{ k|bi" f0fsf] kl/ro, c;/, aRg] pkfox¿ / kb| i" f0f Go"gLs/0fsf ko| f;x¿sf] JofVof
ug{
@= ljiffSt kmfx] f]/dn} fsf kl/ro, lsl;d / ;|f]tx¿ tyf o;jf6 jftfj/0f / :jf:Yodf kg]{ c;/
x¿af/] j0f{g ug{
#= ljiffSt kmfx] f]/d}nf Joj:yfkgsf pkfox¿ j0fg{ ug{
$= ljBt' Lo kmfx] f/] -E-waste) sf] Kfl/ro, ;|f]t / o;sf c;/x¿sf] ae' mfO kb| z{g ug{ tyf plrt
Joj:yfkg ug{
If]q % M Hfnjfo' kl/jtg{ / o;sf] c;/
!= Hfnjfo' kl/jt{gdf cg's"ng / Go"gLs/0fsf] cjwf/0ff k|:tt' ug{
88 dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ j|md -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !)
@= /}yfg] 1fg tyf l;k klxrfg u/L ltgLx¿sf] kj| wg{ ug{
#= :yfgLo cg's"ngdf :yfgLo cg'sn" gdf sfo{of]hgfsf] el" dsf JofVof ug{
$= cg's"ngdf /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6o« k|of;x¿sf] JofVof ug{
If]q ^ M Jf}slNks pmhf{
!= gk] fndf j}slNks pmhf{ kj| w{gdf ePsf ;/sf/L tyf ;+:yfut ko| f;x¿sf] ;r" L tof/ ug{
@= :yfgLo ¿kdf pknAw js} lNks pmhfs{ f] vfh] L ug{ / c;n cEof;x¿sf] cjnDag ug{
If]q & M jftfj/0f / lbuf] ljsf;
!= s[lifsf] lbuf] ljsf;df jftfj/0fd}qL] k|ljlwsf] k|ofu] sf] JofVof ug{
@= pBf]usf] lbuf] ljsf;df jftfj/0fdq} L] k|ljlwsf] ko| fu] sf] JofVof ug{{
#= jg Joj:yfkgsf dfWodaf6 lbuf] ljsf;sf] of]ubfg klxrfg ug{
$= gk] fnsf lbuf] ljsf;sf ;"rsx¿ klxrfg ug{ Tfyf To;sf nflu eO/xs] f ko| f;x¿ j0fg{ ug{
If]q * M jftfj/0fLo :jf:Yo
!= jftfj/0f kb| i" f0fn] dflg;sf] :jf:Yodf kg{] c;/x¿ klxrfg ug{
@= jftfj/0fd}qL sfo{ :ynsf] kl/ro lbg / o;sf] dxŒjsf] JofVof ug{
#= sfo{:ynsf] jftfj/0fLod}qL cj:yf :ynut cWoog u/L kl| tjb] g tof/ ug{
$= Kf];fut hf]lvdsf] kl/ro lbg / ;fjwfgL pkfox¿ ckgfpg
Ifq] ( M kf| s[lts k|sfk] / ljkb\ JoJf:yfkg
!= ljkt\sf] kl/ro lbO{ o;sf k|sf/x¿;u“ kl/rt x'g
@= ljkt\sf] sf/0f / c;/x¿sf] JofVof ug{
#= ljkt\ Joj:yfkgsf rg' f}tL / pkfox¿sf] ;"rL tof/ ug{
$= ljkt\af6 aRg kj" { tof/Lsf] ofh] gf lgdf{0f ug{ / o;sf] cEof; ug{
Ifq] !) M jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg
!= jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgsf :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/fl{ i6o« gLlt tyf sfoj{ |mdx¿;“u kl/lrt x'g
@= jftfj/0f Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg kd| 'v :yfgLo, /fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;:+ yfx¿sf] kl/ro lbg
#= jftfjf/0f Joj:yfkgdf ePsf ;/sf/L k|of;x¿ tyf dxŒjk0" f{ cGt/fl{ i6«o ;Ddn] gx¿sf]
kl/ro lbg
$= kf| /lDes jftfj/0f k/LIf0f (IEE) / jftfj/0fLo k|efj dN" ofª\sg (EIA) sf] kl/ro lbg /
o;sf pkofl] utfsf] j0f{g ug{
dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -P]lR5s_, sIff ( / !) 89
90 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) $= If]q tyf sd| tflnsf
;4} flGts M !@* 3G6L
k|ofu] fTds M $@ 3G6L
j|m=;= Ifq] sIff ( 3G6L sIff !) 3G6L
^
!= Jfftfj/0fsf] kl/ro • jftfj/0fsf] cjwf/0ff / dxŒj ( • jftf/0fLo ljsf;j|md -k|fs[lts / ^
• jftfj/0fLo tŒjx¿ -& + @_ dfgjLo kIf_
• jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] kl/ro @* -@) + *_ • jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] cfjZostf / dxŒj
@= kfl/l:ylts lj1fg • kfl/l:ylts lj1fgsf] kl/ro • :ynLo kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL (Terrestrial !% -!! +
$_
/ kfl/l:ylts • kfl/fl:ylts k0| ffnL ecosystem):
3fF;] d}bfg, hª\un / kjt{ Lo –moun-
k|0ffnL kl/ro / k|sf/ -:ynLo / hnLo_ tain_
• hnLo kfl/l:ylts k0| ffnL
vfB:t/ -trophic level_ ultzLn hnLo (lotic) kfl/l:ylts
vfB z[ªv\ nf / vfB hfn k|0ffnL / l:y/ hnLo -lentic_
kfl/l:ylts k|0ffnL
• g]kfnsf] d'Vo l;d;f/ Ifq] x¿
#= Gfk] fnsf] kf| sl[ ts • Hfn;f| t] -;|ft] , dxŒj, ;+/If0f_ • hl} js ljljwtf @^ -!* +
*_
;|ft] x¿ / hl} js • df6f] -;f| t] lgdf0{ f kl| jm| of , dxŒj, kl/ro, ks| f/, dxŒj
ljljwtf ;/+ If0f _ hl} js ljljwtf xf| ; xg' sf sf/0fx¿
• vlgh -l:ylt pkof]lutf, ;+/If0f_ g]kfnsf] /}yfg] -endemic_ hgfj/ /
la?jfsf] dxŒj
• jg hª\un
• ;/+ If0f
kl/ro, dxŒj, jg ljgf;sf :j:yfgLo (In-situ
k/:yfgLo (Ex-situ)
sf/0f, jg ljgf;sf c;/ :yfgLo 1fg (Indigenous
knowledge)
• hª\unsf] ;/+ If0f -jI[ f/fk] 0f, r/0f
• h}ljs ljljwtf ;+/If0f sfod{ f gk] fnsf
lgoGq0f, cfu nfuL lgoGq0f _
k|of;x¿
dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) $= jftfj/0fLo kb| i" f0f • jftfj/0fLo kb| i" f0fsf] kl/ro @@ -!^ + ^_ • /l] 8of]wdL{ kb| i" f0f @@ -!*
• jftfj/0f k|b"if0fsf juLs{ /0f -cfGtl/s
kl/ro, c;/, Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿ + ^_
/ afx\o -Indoor and outdoor pollu- • ljiffSt kmf]xf/] / o;sf] Joj:yfkg
tion) kl/ro, ;|ft] , ljiffSt kmf]xf/] sf] c;/,
ljiffSt kmfx] f/] af6 aRg] pkfox¿, ljif-
• jftfj/0f kb| i" f0fsf ;|f]tx¿ -Points
and Non- points sources) fSt kmfx] f]/sf] Joj:yfkg
E- waste
Kfl/ro, ;f| t] , c;/, aRg] pkfo /
Joj:yfkg
% Hfnjfo' kl/jt{g / • Dff};d / hnjfo' kl/jtg{ M kl/ro, @$ -@) + $_ • cg'sn" g / ;dfg's"ng (Adaptation and !^ -!@ +
o;sf] c;/ sf/0f, c;/ -s[lif, hl} js ljljwtf, Mitigation) $_
:jf:Yo, hn;|f]t, df6f], kj" f{wf/_ • :yfgLo -:yfgLo cg'sn" g sfo{of]hgf –
• ljZjJofkL pmi0ftf M sf/0f / c;/x¿ LAPA_ /}yfg] 1fg tyf l;k kj| wg{ ,
• g]kfndf ljZjJofkL pmi0ftfsf] ke| fj M /fli6o« cgs' "ng sfo{ofh] gf – NAPA /
lxdtfn km'6g\ ,' lxp“ klUng,' cltjl[ i6, cGt/fl{ i6«o k|of;
cgfjl[ i6,la¿jf / hgfj/df c;/
^= Jf}slNks pmhf{ • j}slNks pmhf{sf] kl/ro, l:ylt / !% -!! + $_ • g]kfndf js} lNks pmhf{ k|jwg{ df ePsf !! -( +
dxTFj k|of;x¿ @_
• j}slNks pmhfs{ f] k|sf/ -;fo} {, jfo,' ;/sf/L ko| f;x¿
n3'hn ljB't\, afofU] o“;F / afof]df;, ;+:yfut k|of;x¿
hl} js OGwg_ ;kmntfsf pbfx/0f
& jftfj/0f / lbuf] • kl/ro, cfjZostf !% -!! + $_ • lbuf] ljsf; / s[lif @) -!$
ljsf; • axg Ifdtfsf] cjwf/0ff s[lifdf jftfj/0fd}qL kl| jlw + ^_
• jftfj/0fdq} L hLjg z}nL • lbuf] ljsf; / jg
• ljsf;df jftfj/0fd}qL k|ljlwsf] ko| f]u • lbuf] ljsf; / pBf]u
pBfu] df jftfj/0fdq} L k|ljlwsf] k|of]u
• g]kfnsf nflu lbuf] ljsf;sf ;r" sx¿
91 Tfyf k|of;x¿
92 dfWolds lzIff kf7\ojm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) * Jfftfj/0f / • :jf:Yo / jftfj/0flarsf] ;DaGw * -^ + @_ • jftfj/0f kb| "if0f -kfgL, xfjf, kmfx] f]/ d}nf, !% -!!+
hg:jf:Yo kl/ro /f;folgs, Wjlg_sf] :jf:Yodf kg]{ c;/ $_
dxŒj • jftfj/0fdq} L sfo:{ yn / o;sf] cWoog
• Kf];fut hfl] vd / ;fjwfgL
( Kff| sl[ ts k|sfk] / • kf| s[lts ks| f]ksf] kl/ro, k|sf/, sf/0f !* -!@ + ^_ • ljkt\ M kl/ro, ks| f/, sf/0f / c;/ !^ -!@ +
ljkt\ JoJf:yfkg / c;/, k"j{ tof/L, /fs] yfd, Joj:yfkg • ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf r'gft} L / pkfox¿ $_
tyf Go"gLs/0fsf pkfox¿
-r6o\ fª, af9L, klx/f], es" Dk, eI" fo,
lxdtfn ljikmf]6g_
!) jftfj/0f Joj:yfkg • kl/ro / dxŒj @% -!( + ^_ • :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o gLltx¿ @! -!& +
• Jfftfj/0f Joj:yfkgdf JolSt, cGt/f{li6«o ;Dd]ng $_
kl/jf/,;db' fo / :yfgLo txsf] e"ldsf • ;/sf/L k|of;x¿ –k|f/lDes jftfj/0f
• Jfftfj/0fd}qL :yfgLo ;r" sx¿ k/LIf0f -IEE (Initial Environment Ex-
• Jfftfj/0fd}qL hLljsfk] fhg{ -kof{ko6{ g, amination)/ jftfj/0fLo k|efj d"Nofª\sg
u/} sfi7 jg k}bfjf/ v]tL, sl[ if jg, (EIA- Environmental Impact Assess-
;fdb' flos jg, hl} js v]tL -organic ment)
farming_
hDdf !&) -!@*±$@_ hDdf !&)
-!@*±$@_
%= l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof
kf7\ojm| dn] lglb{i6 u/]sf z}lIfs p2Z] ox¿ kf| Kt ug{ sIffsf7] f jf sIffaflx/ ul/g] l;sfO ;xhLs/0f
ljm| ofsnfksf] cxd e"ldsf xG' 5 . l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|ljm| ofsf] dfWodaf6 g} ljBfyL{x¿df ckl] Ift
Jofjxfl/s 1fg, l;k / clejl[ 4sf] ;Gtl' nt ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;lsG5 . of] sfo{sf nflu xfdLn]
cjnDag u/]sf lzIf0f l;sfO kl| j|mofx¿ ljBfyL{ s]lGbt| x'g' clgjfo{ xG' 5 . o;sf lgldQ sIffdf
ljBfyLx{ ¿lar 5nkmn u/fpg,] ;;fgf kl/of]hgfsfox{ ¿ lbg], ltgsf] kl| tjb] g sIffdf k|:tt' ug{
nufpg] / cfk;df 5nkmn u/fpg] h:tf lj|mofsnfkx¿ ug{ u/fpg ;lsG5 . jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] ;a}
ljifoj:tx' ¿ cfkm" /xs] f] jftfj/0f jf k|sl[ tsf ljleGg kIfx¿;“u ;DalGwt x'g] ePsfn] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{
dfgj lj|mofsnfkx¿af6 jftfj/0f kg{] ;sf/fTds / gsf/fTds k|efjx¿af/] k|ToIf cjnfs] g /
cgej' u/fpg], cGt/ljm| ofTds lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng u/L u/fO{ jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f / ;a+ w{gdf
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; u/L ;f]cg;' f/ Jojxf/df kl/jt{g Noofpg ;s]df dfq lzIf0f k|efjsf/L
x'G5 . o; tYonfO{ bl[ i6ut u/L jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] cWofkg ubf{ lgDglnlvt lzIf0f ljlw /
tl/sfx¿ ko| fu] ug{ cfjZos xG' 5 M
!= 5nkmn÷k|:gf]Q/ ljlw
@= lhU; tl/sf -Jigsaw technique_
#= Satellite technique
$= k|bzg{ ljlw
%= ;d:of ;dfwfg ljlw
^= kl/ofh] gf sfo{ ljlw
&= cjnf]sg ljlw
*= vfh] tyf cGji] f0f ljlw
(= k|ofu] fTds ljlw
!)= If]q e|d0f ljlw cflb
jftfj/0f lj1fgsf] k|efjsf/L l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ug{ kf7;u“ ;DalGwt pko{'St ljleGg ljlwx¿dWo] s'g}
klg ljlw ckgfO{ ljBfyL{sl] Gbt| l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk lgdf0{ f u/L ;~rfng ugu'{ /fpgk' b5{ . o;cg';f/
;xhLs/0f ubf{ lzIfsn] ljBfyL{x¿sf] lj|mofsnfkx¿ /fd|/L cjnf]sg ug,]{ pgLx¿sf] sdLsdhf]/L,
ql' 6nfO{ /fd/| L cf“N} ofO{ ltgsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn u/fpg'sf ;fy} pgLx¿sf] sdLsdhf/] L x6fpg]
pkfox¿ cjnDag ug{ la;g{' xb“' g} . o;sf ;fy} :yfgLo kl/j]z, jftfj/0f / zl} Ifs ;fduL| sf]
pknAwtf cflbsf cfwf/df cGo l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk klg ckgfpg ;lsG5 .
dfWolds lzIff kf7o\ jm| d -Pl] R5s_, sIff ( / !) 93
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CURRICULUM GRADE 9-10 2076
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