BhasaBagaincha 6

!$PsfO d]nldnfk u/f}F

cfvF Lemo\ fn

lbPsf lrqdf s] bl] vG5 <

xfdL ;a} ldn/] a:5f}F .

!kf7 Joy{ emu8f

– nv] k|;fb lg/fn} f

slj nv] k;| fb lg/fn} f lj=;=+ @)@* ;fpg ! ut] sfz] L c~rn, ;v+ j' f;ef lhNnfsf]
dT:okfv] /L eGg] 7fpdF f hlGdPsf xg'  \ . gk] fnL ljifodf ljbo\ fjfl/lw, ;:+ st[ ;flxTodf cfrfo{
/ gk] fnL lzIffdf :gfts ;Ddsf] cWoog u/s] f lg/fn} f kf| Wofkg k;] fdf ;n+ Ug 5g \ . lg/fn} fsf
km6' s/ sljtf, …dfntLÚ -v08sfJo_, …3f6F L x/] L xf8 lgNgÚ' -lgaGw ;ªu\ x| _, h:tf sl[ tx¿ ks| flzt
5g \ . lg/fn} fn] …kl| tef k/' :sf/Ú, …gk] fn ljbo\ f ei" f0f …sÚ, h:tf yk' }| k/' :sf/ tyf ;Ddfg kf| Kt
u/s] f 5g \ . lg/fn} fsf sljtfdf bz] elSt, ks| l[ t kd]| / dfgjtfjfbL lrGtg k:| tt' ePsf] kfOG5 .

e"ue{ cGtl/If xf];\ :jfdL dflg; e;} Sof]
rGb| dª\unsf] ;To tYo ;f/f a'lem;Sof]
;db' | ue{df l5b{} xL/fdft] L a6N' b5
pb\ofu] >dzlStn] ljZj of6} } agfp5F  ..

hª\unL kzk' IfLdf lx+;f TofUg l;sfpg]
k|sl[ t ljZjsf ;f/f ljWj;+ plhNofpg]
lxdfnL, d?e"ld jf ;d'b|df hxf;F 's}
dflg; ljj]sL aGb} u5{ kf/} v ;fyd} ..

ToxL dfgj v} s:tf] hflt wd{ / ju{df
r'lF 8Psf] 5 dfnf´F} cgs] /ª\u/ª\udf
cfkm" cfkm" agL leGg PsTj lsg tf8] b\ 5 <
/ftf] /ut of}6} 5 Ps} xf}F lsg e'Nb5 < ..

zAb / c {y e"ue{ – hldgleqsf] :jfdL – dflns
tYo – h:tf] 5 To:t } pu| ¿k – 8/nfUbf] ¿k
ljWj;+ – gfz, pkb|j

efiff auFr} f – ^ 201

gxf];\ o:tf] eb] efj dflg; lardf s'g}
cGwljZjf;sf] sfnf] 5fof dfq gxf];\ st}
ljZjdf xfdL h:tn} ] u/] sqf dxfg\ s'/f
xfdL rflxF n8s] f 5fF} hflt wd{ lemgf s'/f ..

zAb / cy{ cGwljZjf; – l7s jf a]l7s ga'emL ul/g] ljZjf;

u/, 3/ TofUg ljWj;+ plhNofpg]
tf8] \b5
z'bw\ pRrf/0f cGwljZjf; Joy{

lbPsf zAb ;g' / eg M
e"ue{ >dzlSt
;db' | ju{

afw] / cleJolSt

!= kf7sf] sljtf lzIfs;Fu} no xfn/] jfrg u/ .

@= lbPsf] sljtf k/' f u/ M

gxf];=\ ==============================sg' }
======================================st}
ljZjdf==================================
====================================s'/f ..
#= lbPsf k|Zgsf] Ps jfSodf pTt/ nv] M

s= dflg; sxfsF f] :jfdL eO;Sof] <
v= dflg;n] s] s'/f al' em;Sof] <
u= dflg;sf] kf/} vn] s] ub{5 <
3= dflg;n] cfk"mnfO{ s] s]df ljefhg u¥of] <
ª= slj dflg; dflg;lardf s] s] gxf;] \ eG5g\ <

202 efiff auFr} f – ^

r= xfdL s:tf s/' fdf n8s] f 5f}F <
$= lbPsf k|Zgsf] ;ªl\ IfKt pTt/ n]v M
s= dflg;n] s] s] ul/;Sof] <
v= dflg;n] s] s] ug{ ;S5 <
u= …pbo\ fu] >dzlStn] ljZj of6} } agfpF5Ú egs] f] s] xf] <
3= dflg;n] s] eN' of] / Pstf tf8] o\ f] <
ª= dflg;lardf s:tf eb] efj x'g'x'Gg <
r= …Joy{ emu8fÚ sljtfsf] dn" efj n]v .
%= efj k|i6 kf/ M
hflt, wd,{ ju,{ cflb ljefhgn] xfdL g]kfnLsf] Pstf tf]85\  .
^= JofVof u/ M
eu" e{ cGtl/If xf;] \ :jfdL dflg; e;} Sof]
rGb| dª\unsf] ;To tYo ;f/f a'lem;Sof]
;d'b| ue{df l5b}{ xL/fdft] L a6N' b5
pb\of]u >dzlStn] ljZj of6} } agfp5F  ..
&= ‘hg' wd{ dfg] klg ;a} dflg;sf] /ut /ft} xG' 5’ eg] h:t} ;a} dflg;df p:t} xg' ] cGo

s'/fx¿ s] s] xg' \ < ;r" L agfpm .

cfk\mgf cg'ej ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdf| ] ;db' fodf dgfOg] kd| 'v kjs{ f] af/d] f ;fyLnfO{ atfpm .

?

;f]r / eg M
ljleGg wd{sf kljq:yndf tL wd{ dfGg] dflg;nfO{ dfq k|j]z ug{ lbOG5, To;f]
ug{'sf] sf/0f s] xfn] f < To;f] ug'{ l7s xf] t <

efiff aur}F f – ^ 203

>l' t nv] g

lbPsf] sljtf ;'g / nv] M
ToxL dfgj v} s:tf] hflt wd{ / jud{ f
rF'l8Psf] 5 dfnf´F} cgs] /ª\u/ªu\ df
cfkm" cfkm" leGg agL PsTj lsg tf8] \b5 <
/ftf] /ut of}6} 5 Ps} xf}F lsg e'Nb5 < ..

z'b\w n]vg

lbPsf zAb zb' \w agfP/ n]v M
e]befa, rl' 8Psf], ljWj;,+ e"Nb5, ;d'b|, d¿e'dL

zAb e08f/

!= zAb / cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M afn'jf g} afn'jf ePsf] kfgL gkg{] ;'Vvf kb| z]
ePe/sf], ;Dk0" f{
kf/} vL s'g} JolSt j:t' jf ;DklTtsf] dflns
:jfdL km/s Jojxf/
;f/f s'g} j:t'sf] ;aeGbf leqL efu
ue { 5f8] g\ '
e]befj ab' l\ w k¥' ofP/ sfd ug]{
ljjs] L sf6df/ ug{] sfd
lx;+ f kf}/v ug{], pbo\ dL
TofUg '
d?e"ld

@= lbPsf zAb ko| f]u u/L jfSo agfpm M
cGtl/If, ;TotYo, >dzlSt, ljWj;+ , ljjs] L, kf/} v, ju{

204 efiff aurF} f – ^

#= kf7af6 zAbsf] cGTodf x:| j Osf/ ePsf zAb vfh]  . tL zAb /fvL jfSo agfpm .
$= zAbsf] cGTodf bL3{ Osf/ nfu]sf b; j6f zAb ;fyL;uF 5nkmn u//] n]v .

nv] g cEof;

cgn' ]vg

kf7sf] sljtfsf ;?' sf bO' { j6f Znfs] h:tfsf] To:t} sfkLdf ;f/ M

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

‘dfgj ;a} Ps} xfF}’ zLif{sdf sljtf n]v/] sIffdf ;'gfpm .

efiff auFr} f – ^ 205

@kf7 ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sfO] /fnf

gk] fnL /fhgLlt / ;flxTo b'j} If]qdf ;k' l/lrt gfd xf]
ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sf]O/fnf . pgsf] hGd lj=;=+ !(&! ;fn efb|
@$ ut] agf/;df ePsf] xf ] . pgL lktf s[i0fk|;fb sfO] /fnf
/ dftf lbJof sfO] /fnfsf dflxnf ;'kq' x'g \ . /fhgLltdf aL=kL
sfO] /fnf eg]/ lrlgg] pgL ;flxTodf ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sfO] /fnfsf
gfdn] k|l;bw\ 5g\ .

ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnfsf lktf k|l;bw\ ;dfh
;'wf/s lyP . pgsf lktfn] ;dfh ;w' f/ ug'{kg]{ efj JoSt ub{} /f0ff
kw| fg dGqL rGb|zdz]/nfO{ Pp6f kq k7fP . rGb|zdz/] n] ;dfh ;'wf/sf nflu ;'emfp
lbPsf] cleof]udf si[ 0fk|;fb sfO] /fnfsf] kl/jf/nfO{ ;j:{ jx/0f;lxt b]z lgsfnf
ul/lbP . cfkm\ gf lktf;Fu} rf/ jif{sf] pd]/df ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sfO] /fnf klg lgjf{l;t
hLjg latfpg afWo eP . To;kl5 pgsf] kl/jf/ ef/tsf] jgf/;df a:g yfNof] . To;n} ]
sf]O/fnfsf] lzIffbLIff agf/;d} ;?' eof] . pgn] agf/; lxGb' ljZj ljbo\ fnoaf6
/fhgLlt tyf cyz{ f:q ljifodf / snsTtf ljZj ljbo\ fnoaf6 sfg'gdf
:gftsf]Tt/;Ddsf] cWoog u/] .

lgjf;{ gdf /xFbf sf]O/fnf kl/jf/ 7n' f] cflys{ ;ª\s6df k¥of]Ù Ps 5fs dfq vfP/ u'hf/f
ugk'{ g]{ cj:yf l;h{gf eof] . pgsf lktf kl/jf/sf] uhf{] 6fg{ k'm6kfydf ;fdfg a]Rg] sfd
ug{ yfn ] . ljZj]Zj/n] gfª\uf] v6' \6f :s'n hfg'k¥of ] . lktfn] pgnfO{ cvaf/sf] kfgfdf
7'N7n' f cIf/ nV] g nufP/ sfkLsf] cfjZostf k'/f ul/lbGy] . cfly{s bl[ i6sf]0fn] c;lhnf]
eP klg 3/ kl/jf/, ;fyLefO / u?' ju{af6 pgn] kz| :t dfof kfPsf lyP .

zAb / c {y ;'kl/lrt – /fd|f;] Fu lrgs] f] kl| ;b\w – gfd rns] f,] kV| oft
;'wf/s – ;'wf/ ug] { ;j{:jx/0f – ePe/sf] ;DklTt hkmt ug]{ sfd
lgjfl{ ;t – bz] lgsfnf ul/Psf] cflys{ ;ªs\ 6 – wg ;DklTtsf] cefj
km' 6kfy – k}bn ofqL lxF8g\ ] af6f ] bl[ i6sf]0f – ;fr] , ljrf/

206 efiff au}rF f – ^

zAb / c {yljZjZ] j/k;| fb sf]O/fnf ;fg}bl] v kq klqsf k9g\ ,] 5nkmndf efu lng], ts{k"0f{ 9ª\un]
cfk\mgf] s'/f k|:t't ug{] :jefjsf lyP . pgsf] /fhgLlts hLjg ljbo\ fnob]lv g} kf| /De
ePsf] lyof] . To;an] f ef/tdf cª\u]h| lj?b\w …ef/t 5f]8f] cfGbf]ngÚ rln/xs] f] lyof ] .
pSt cfGbfn] gdf efu lnPsf sf/0f sf]O/fnf k6s k6s h]n k/]sf lyP . ef/tdf
cª\uh|] x¿sf] pklgj]z sfod lyof] . g]kfndf hxflgof /f0ff zf;g lyof ] .

ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnf ;flxTosf/ / /fhgLlt1 dfq xf]Ogg\ lrGts klg lyP . pgL
;a} ju{ / ;Dk|bfosf dflg;x¿ ldn/] a:g'k5{ eGby] . b]z ljsf;sf lglDt ;a} g]kfnL
ko| TgzLn x'gk' 5{ eGg] pgsf] wf/0ff lyof ] . pgL /fli6«otf, kh| ftGq / ;dfhjfbnfO{
cfbz{ dfGy ] . pgL log} ltg j6f s/' fnfO{ bz{g agfP/ gk] fnsf] /fhgLlts Ifq] df cufl8
a9] . pgn] lj=;+= @))# sflts{ !% ut] …clvn ef/tLo gk] fnL /fli6o« sfª\u|];Ú gfds
kf6L{sf] :yfkgf u/] . lj=;+= @))$ ;fndf lj/f6gu/df pSt kf6L{n] dhb'/ cfGbf]ng
u¥of ] . pSt cfGbf]ngdf sfO] /fnf kj|mfp k/] . pgnfO{ lj/f6gu/bl] v @( lbg k}bn lxF8fO
sf7df8fF}sf] …;'Gb/LhnÚ h]ndf xflnof] . sx] L ;dokl5 pgL 56' ] . To;kl5 k]ml/ ;ª\u7gdf
nfu ] . lj=;+= @))% df sfO] /fnf k'gM hn] k/ ] . hn] df s}bLnfO{ ul/g] bJ' oj{ xf/nfO{ d'b\bf
agfP/ pgL pglGt; lbg;Dd cg;g a; ] . To;an] f aL=kL=nfO{ c¿;uF e]6g\ ] cgd' lt lyPg
t/ Ps lbg crfgs /f0ff k|wfg dGqLn] pgsL cfdfnfO{ 5f]/f] e]6\g hn] k7fP . pgsL cfdf
5f/] fsf] cj:yf bv] /] ljrlnt xl' G5g\ / cg;g tf]8g\ ] cfux| ul5{g\ eGg] /f0ffx¿sf]
;f]r lyof ] . To;sf] l7s pN6f] pgsL cfdf 5f]/fnfO{ …bz] / hgtfsf nflu Hofg} ;'Dkg
klg kl5 gkgÚ{" eGg] cflzif lbP/ kmls{g \ . To:tL ;fx;L cfdfsf ;fx;L kq' sfO] /fnfsf]
k|hftGq Nofpg] ;kgf lj=;+ @))& kmfu'g & ut] k'/f eof] cyf{t\ gk] fndf kh| ftGq cfof ] .

pklgjz] – csf{] bz] af6 cfP/ zf;g hdfpg] sfd
hxflgofF – Pp6} kl/jf/;Fu ;DalGwt ju{ – ;d"x
;Dk|bfo – Pp6} ljrf/ dfGg] dflg;x¿sf] ;d'bfo
k|oTgzLn – sf]l;; ul//xs] f]
dhb/' cfGbfn] g – sfdbf/n] cfˆgf] xs clwsf/sf nflu ug]{ cfGbf]ng
;ª\u7g – ;femf pb\b]Zo k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos JolStx¿ ldn/] agfPsf] ;:+ yf
bJ' oj{ xf/ – g/fd|f] Jojxf/, cg'lrt cfr/0f db' b\ f – emu8f
cg;g – ef]sf] a:g] sfd, dfu k/' f u/fpg cGg kfgL TofUg] sfd
ljrlnt – cl:y/, af6f] la/fPsf] cfu|x – cg/' f]w, laGtL
;fx;L – lxDdt ePsf,] cfF6 ePsf] cGtl/d ;/sf/ – c:yfoL ;/sf/
ux[ dGqL – b]zsf] zflGt ;/' Iff xg] {] dGqL

efiff auFr} f – ^ 207

zAb / c {yTo;kl5 ags] f] cGtl/d ;/sf/df sfO] /fnf ux[ dGqL eP .

jw} flgs /fHosf] :yfkgf g} k|hftGq xf] eGg] sfO] /fnfsf] wf/0ff lyof] . To;n} ] pgL @))&
;fnb]lv @)!% ;fn;Dd ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f / cfd lgjf{rgsf lglDt ;ljm| o eP . ToxL
l;nl;nfdf pgn] lj=;+ @)!$ df …eb| cj1f cfGbf]ngÚ / …;Tofu|xÚ hf/L u/ ] . @)!%
;fn kmfug' ! ut] gk] fnsf] ;l+ jwfg hf/L ug{ / kmfu'g & ut] cfd lgjf{rg u/fpg klg
pgL ;kmn eP . To; lgjfr{ gaf6 sfO] /fnf hg lgjf{lrt ;/sf/sf ky| d k|wfg dGqL
ag ] . k|wfg dGqLsf] sfos{ fn bO' { jif{ klg k/' f gxFb' } @)!& ;fn k'; ! ut] tTsfnLg /fhf
dx]Gbn| ] k'/} zf;g ;Ttf cfˆgf] xftdf lnP . gk] fnsf] kh| ftGq vfl] ;of] . pgLnufot y'k|}
gt] f lu/k\mtf/ eP . pgn] k]ml/ cf7 jif{ hn] df latfpg'k¥of] . pgL h]naf6 5'6]/ k]ml/
ef/t uP . ef/td} a;]/ gk] fnsf /fhgLlts ultljlw cufl8 a9fpg yfn ] . ;w}F ljb]zdf
a;]/ g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf ;'wfg{ ;Dej 5}g . o:tf] xb'F f ljbz] Ln] cfkm\ gf] :jfy{
k/' f ug{ vf]H5 eGg] pgnfO{ nfUof] . pgn] g]kfndf kh| ftGqsf] k'g:yfk{ gf ug{ g]kfnd}
a;/] cfGbfn] g ug'{k5{ eGg] ;f]r ] . pgL lj=;=+ @)## kfi} f !^ ut] /fli6«otf / k|hftGqsf]
nflu /fli6«o d]nldnfksf] gLlt agfP/ gk] fn kms {] . To;kl5 g]kfnd} a;]/ kh| ftGqsf]
kg' :yf{kgfsf nflu ;ª3\ if{ u/ ] .

sfO] /fnfn] ef/tdf a:bf g} ;flxTo / /fhgLlt bj' } If]qdf kfOnf a9fPsf x'g\ . ;'?df
pgn] lxGbL efiffdf syf n]vs] f lyP . Tof] syf lj=;+ !(*& sf] …x+;Ú eGg] klqsfdf
5flkof ] . g]kfnL efiffdf nl] vPsf] pgsf] klxnf] syf …rGb|jbgÚ xf ] . of] syf lj=;+
!((@ sf] …zf/bfÚ klqsfdf 5flkPsf] lyof] . pgn] of] syfdfkm{ t\ gk] fnL syf ;flxTodf
dgfl] j1fg leqo\ fP . To;n} ] pgL dgf]j1} flgs syfsf/ xg' \ . sfO] /fnfn] gf/Lsf dgleqsf
;ª\3ifn{ fO{ syfsf] ljifoj:t' agfP . pgsf …bf]ifL r:dfÚ / …Zj]t e/} jLÚ syf ;ª\ux| ,
…tLg 3D' tLÚ, …g/G] b| bfOÚ, …lx6n/ / oxb' LÚ, …;l' DgdfÚ, …afac' fdf / 5f/] fÚ pkGof; / …cfˆgf]
syfÚ, …h]n hg{nÚ cfTd syfTds s[lt ks| flzt 5g \ .

j}wflgs – lgod sfg'gcg;' f/sf]
cfd lgjfr{ g – ;Dk0" f{ hgtfn] cfkm\ gf] kl| tlglw 5fGg] sfd
l;nl;nf – Pskl5sf] csf]{ j|md eb| cj1f – ;Eo tl/sfn] cf1fsf] pnª\3g ug]{ sfd
;Tofux| – cfkm\ gf dfusf] ke| fj kfg{] u/L zflGtk"js{ c8fg lnP/ a:g] sfd
dgfl] j1fg – dgdf pAhg] efjgf cfTd syfTds – cfk\mgf] af/]df nl] vPsf ]
pTk|l] /t – xf;} nf jf k/]| 0ff kfPsf] cj:yf

208 efiff aur}F f – ^

zAb / c {ypgsf pkGof;n] gf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] lg0fo{ cfkmF} ug{ pTk|]l/t u/]sf 5g\ . pgsf
pkGof;df k/Dkl/t ;fdflhs rng, ;fr] fO / Jojxf/ kl/jtg{ xg' 'kg{] ljrf/ k|:tt'
ePsf] 5 . pkGof;dfkm{ t\ pgn] …7'nf] dflg; xf]Og c;n dflg; aGgk' 5Ú{ eGg] ;Gb]z
lbPsf 5g\ . pgn] ;G' b/Lhn h]ndf /xFbf ;flxlTos s[ltx¿sf] /rgf u/s] f x'g\ . pgL hn]
gk/s] f eP ;flxTosf/sf] ¿kdf eGbf /fhgt] fs} ¿kdf a9L lrlgGy] xf]nfg\ . pgn] hn] df
/xFbfsf] ;donfO{ lrGtfsf ¿kdf glnO{ lrGtgsf] ;dosf ¿kdf lnP . o;n] ubf{ pgnfO{
/fhgLltdf hlTts} pRr ;flxlTos JolStTj k:| km' 6g ug{] df}sf ldNof ] .
g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngsf dxfg\ ofb] \wf sfO] /fnfnfO{ 3fF6Lsf] SofG;/n] u|:t
agfof ] . oxL /fu] af6 jm| dz kLl8t xbF' } @)#( ;fn >fj0f ^ ut] sf7df8fFd} f pgsf]
lgwg eof ] . pgn] bz] / hgtfsf nflu u/]sf] clåtLo of]ubfgsf sf/0f xfdL pgnfO{
;lDem/xG5f} F .

kLl8t – bM' v kfPsf]
clåtLo – t'ngf ug{ ;x' fpg,] csf]{ gePsf,] ctn' gLo

u/, 3/

z'bw\ pRrf/0f

lbPsf zAb ;'g / eg M
clåtLo k|l;b\w ;j{:jx/0f :gfts ;ª\s6 b[li6sf0] f
hxflgof /fhgLlt1 lrGts k|hftGq b'Joj{ xf/ sfªu\ ;]|

af]w / cleJolSt

!= ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sf]O/fnfsf] hLjgL kfnk} fnf] k9/] sIffdf ;g' fpm .
@= lbPsf kZ| gsf] ldNbf] pTt/df /]hf -ü_ nufpm M

s= s[i0fk;| fb sfO] /fnfsf] kl/jf/ ljZj]Zj/k|;fb slt jifs{ f xbF' f lgjf{l;t eof] <

c= ltg cf= rf/ O= kfrF

efiff au}Frf – ^ 209

v= aL=kL= sfO] /fnfsf] hGd slt ;fndf ePsf] lyof] <

c= lj=;+ !(&! cf= lj=;+ !(&@ O= lj=;+ !(&#

u= aL=kL= sfO] /fnfn] ;'?df :yfkgf u/]sf] kf6Ls{ f] gfd s] lyof] <

c= gk] fnL sfªu\ ;]| cf= gk] fnL /fli6«o sfªu\ ];|

O= clvn ef/tLo g]kfnL /fli6«o sfªu\ ;]|

3= ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sf]O/fnfn] g]kfnL efiffdf n]v]sf] klxnf] syf sg' xf] <

c= bfi] fL r:df cf= rGbj| bg O= Zj]t e/} jL

ª= lj=;+= @)!% ;fndf ePsf] lgjfr{ gkl5 ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sfO] /fnf s'g kbdf lyP <

c= u[xdGqL cf= /fi6«klt O= k|wfgdGqL

r= k~rfotL ;/sf/n] ljZjZ] j/nfO{ sg' h]ndf /fvs] f] lyof] <

c= ebu| fn] hn] cf= sG] bL| o sf/fuf/ O= ;G' b/Lhn h]n

#= hf8] f ldnfpm M

hGd zf/bf
ef/t rGbz| dz]/

rGbj| bg lj=;=+ !(&! ebf} @$
/f0ff k|wfgdGqL pklgjz]

bfi] fL r:df ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sfO] /fnf
klxnf] hg lgjfl{ rt kw| fgdGqL pkGof;

;'lDgdf syf ;ª\ux|
$= kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpF k'/f u/ M

s= ljZjZ] j/sf lktf=================lyP .

v= sf]O/fnf kl/jf/ lgjf;{ gdf /xFbf ==============df k¥of ] .
u= hn] df ==================== sf] db' b\ f agfP/ sfO] /fnf===============a; ] .

3= lj=;=+ @))& df /fhf dxG] b|n=] ================ cfˆgf] xftdf lnP .
ª= sf]O/fnfn] syf ;flxTodf====================leq\ofP .

r= sfO] /fnfsf pkGof;n] gf/LnfO{ cfˆgf] ===========cfk}Fm ug{==================u/s] f 5g \ .

%= lbPsf kZ| gsf] Ps jfSodf pTt/ n]v M

s= ljZjZ] j/sf lktf / dftfsf] gfd s] s] xf] <
v= ljZjZ] j/sf lktfn] s;nfO{ kq k7fP <

210 efiff aur}F f – ^

u= ljZj]Zj/ s'g sg' s/' fnfO{ cfbz{ dfGy] <
3= h]ndf k/s] f] a]nfdf ljZjZ] j/nfO{ cfdfn] s] elgg\ <
ª= lj=;+= @))& ;fnkl5 ag]sf] ;/sf/df sf]O/fnf s'g kbdf lyP <
^= lbPsf k|Zgsf] ;ªl\ IfKt pTt/ bp] m M
s= rGbz| dz/] n] sf]O/fnf kl/jf/nfO{ lsg bz] lgsfnf ul/lbP <
v= jgf/;df /xbF f ljZjZ] j/n] s:tf ;d:of ef]Ugk' ¥of] <
u= ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnfsf] hgtfkl| tsf] wf/0ff s] lyof] <
3= /f0ff kw| fg dGqLn] ljZjZ] j/nfO{ e6] g\ pgsL cfdf k7fpgs' f] dV' o sf/0f s] lyof] <
ª= ljZjZ] j/k;| fbsf] ;flxlTos n]vg s;/L ;'? eof] <
r= ljZj]Zj/sf s'g s'g sl[ t k|sflzt 5g\ <
5= ;flxTosf dfWodaf6 sf]O/fnfn] lbPsf] ;Gb]z s] xf] <
h= sfO] /fnfn] u/]sf /fhgLlts sfdx¿sf] ;"rL agfpm .

&= ljZj]Zj/n] h]ndf /xFbfsf] sl7g ;donfO{ s;/L pkofu] u/] <

cfkm\ gf cge' j ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdLnfO{ ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnf / ;fxgf kw| fgdWo] sg' gt] f dg k¥of] /
lsg <

?

;f]r / eg M
lj=;+= @))& ;fndf kh| ftGq gcfPsf] eP g]kfnsf] /fhgLlts cj:yf s:tf]
x'GYof] xf]nf <

efiff au}Frf – ^ 211

>'lt n]vg

lbPsf] cgR' 5b] ;'g / n]v M
ljZj]Zj/k;| fb sfO] /fnf ;fg}b]lv kq klqsf k9g\ ,] 5nkmndf efu lng,] tsk{ "0f{ 9ª\un]
cfˆgf s'/f k:| t't ug{] :jefjsf lyP . pgsf] /fhgLlts hLjg ljbo\ fnobl] v g} kf| /De
ePsf] lyof ] . To;an] f ef/tdf cªu\ h|] lj?b\w …ef/t 5f]8f] cfGbf]ngÚ rln/xs] f] lyof] .
pSt cfGbfn] gdf efu lnPsf xg' fn] sf]O/fnf k6s k6s h]n k/]sf lyP . ef/tdf
cªu\ ]|hx¿sf] pklgjz] sfod lyof ] . gk] fndf hxflgof /f0ff zf;g lyof ] .

zb' \w nv] g

z'bw\ agfO{ sfkLdf ;f/ M
t]:tL zfx;L cfdfsf zfx;L kq" lj:;:] j/sf] khft{ Gq NofpgL ;kgf lj=;+ @))& df k/" f
ef] . gk] fndf khf{tGq cfof] . t];kl5 ags] f] cGt/Ld ;sf/{ df sf]O{/fnf u[x{dlGq eo]sf
yLP .

zAb e08f/

!= zAb / cy{sf] hf8] f ldnfpm M

;k' q' ;dfhdf ePsf sdL sdhf]/L x6fpg] sfd

;dfh ;'wf/ cfkt\ljkt\

cvaf/ c;n 5f/] f]

;ª\s6 cg'/f]w

ko| TgzLn va/ klqsf

cfux| ¿k, u0' f / ljrf/sf] cgs' /0f ug{ ;x' fpFbf] JolSt

;lj|mo sf]l;; ul//xg] :jefj ePsf]

cfbz{ JolSt sfddf bTtlrTt ePsf]

212 efiff au}rF f – ^

@= ;' ± k'q – ;k' q' eP emF} lbPsf zAbaf6 aGg] gofF zAb nv] M
wf/, gfd, sd' f/, lbg, :jf:Yo, dfu,{ of]Uo, /Iff, ljrf/, kl/lrt

#= lbPsf zAb ko| fu] u/L jfSo agfpm M

lrGts, cfbz{, cfd lgjf{rg, ;'emfp, c;lhnf,] cfGbfn] g, ljrf/s
$= 6S' sf / ltgsf cys{ f] hf8] f ldnfpm M

uhf]{ 6fg{' crDd dfGg'

kmTt] ug'{ ufnL ug{'

ud vfg' 8/fpg'

cf; dfg{' dfUg'

dv' 5f8] g\ ' k/' f ug{'

;ftf] hfg' ;fR] g'

xft yfKg' vfFrf] 6fg'{

ltg 5Ss kg'{ lg/fz x'g'

%= lbPsf 6S' sf /fvL jfSo agfpm M

uhf{] 6fg{,' d'v 5f]8\g,' kmTt] ug{', ;ftf] hfg', ltg 5Ss kg'{

^= kf7af6 ‘a’ pRrf/0f xg' ] t/ ‘j’ n]lvg] zAb vf]h/] n]v M

h:t} M lgjf{;g, hLjgL

Jofs/0f

sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f

s= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
c= d ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sf]O/fnfsf] af/d] f k9\5' .
cf= xfdL ljZjZ] j/k;| fb sfO] /fnfsf] af/d] f k9\5f }F .
O= tF hLjgL nv] \ .
O={ ltdL tl:a/ vf]h .
p= tkfOF{ tl:a/ 6fF:g'xf;] \ .
pm= pm sIffdf hLjgL ;'gfp5F  .
P= pgL ;xofu] u5{g \ .

efiff au}Frf – ^ 213

dflysf jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf d, xfdL, tF, ltdL, tkfO,F{ pm, pgL, pgLx¿, pxfF
h:tf ;jg{ fd, zAbn] k?' if klg a'emfpF5g\ . k'?ifn] af]Ng] jStf, ;'Gg] >f]tf / s'/f
ul/g] JolSt jf j:tn' fO{ hgfpF5 . pSt jfSodf k|ofu] ePsf d, xfdLn] jStfnfO{
ae' mfp5F g\ . t,F ltdL, tkfOnF{ ] >f]tfnfO{ a'emfp5F g\ . pm, pgL, pgLx¿, pxfFn] s'/f
ul/g] JolStnfO{ a'emfp5F g \ .

v= ldNg] ljm| ofkb /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/ M
c= d ;flxTo l;hg{ f ============== . -u5,{ u5',{ u5]{_
cf= xfdL :jtGqtfsf nflu ============== . -n8]5f,} n8]5,' n85] f_}F
O= tF c;n /fhgLlt1 ============== . -ag\, ag, aG5f_}
O{= ltdL kf7 ============== . -k95\ ', k95\ f}, k95\ _
p= tkfOF{ hgtfsf nflu ofu] bfg ============== . -ug{'x'G5, ug{'k5{, u5f}F{_
pm= Tof] hn] ============== . -hfG5,' hfG5;\, hfG5_

@= lbPsf jfSonfO{ leGg} k'?ifdf kl/jt{g u/ M

pbfx/0f M d ;fx;L cfdfsf] ;Gtfg xF ' .

tF ;fx;L cfdfsf] ;Gtfg xf];\  .

pm ;fx;L cfdfsf] ;Gtfg xf] .

s= ltgLx¿ ;+ljwfg hf/L u5g{  \ .

v= ltdL ;df/f]xdf efu lng hfpm .

u= dn} ] 3/ kl/jf/af6 kz| :t dfof kfPsf] 5' .

3= pgL /fli6o« tf, kh| ftGq / ;dfhjfbnfO{ cfbz{ dfGy ] .

ª= xfdL ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sf]O/fnfnfO{ cfb/ u5f F{} .

#= lbPsf ;jg{ fd zAb /fvL jfSo agfpm M
d, xfdL, tF, ltdL, tkfO,F{ Tof,] pm, pgL, pgLx¿

$= k|yd, låtLo / t[tLo k?' ifsf] ;jg{ fd /fvL b'O{ b'O{ j6f jfSo nv]  .

%= lbPsf lj|mofkbnfO{ ax' jrgdf abn M
lyof], ;Sof,] eof,] u¥of,] k¥of,] xf], x'G5, eG5, agfp5F , xg' ] 5, a9g\ ] 5

214 efiff auF}rf – ^

n]vg cEof;

cg'nv] g

!= kf7sf] ;ftf}F cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ .
@= lbPsf cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
g]kfndf leGgleGg hfltsf dflg;x¿ a:5g \ . ltgsf njfO, vjfO, efiff, ;+:sl[ t,
klg leGg leGg 5g\ . g]kfndf leGg leGg wd{ dfGg] dflg; klg a;fa] f; u5g{ \ .
slxn]sfxLF hflt, wd,{ lnª\u, Ifq] cflbsf] gfddf emu8f xg' ] u5{ . lj1fgdf olt w/] } ku| lt
ul/;ss] f] dflg;n] hft, wd{ h:tf ;fgf s'/fdf ljjfb ug{' /fdf| ] xfO] g . xfdLn] dflg;
dflg; ;a} Ps} xf}F eGg] efjgfsf] ljsf; ugk'{ 5{ .

ljZjZ] j/k|;fb sfO] /fnfn] k|hftGq :yfkgfsf nflu 7'nf] ;ª\3if{ u/ ] . g]kfndf lj=;+=
@))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfof] . sf]O/fnfn] ljleGg kbdf /x/] sfd u/ ] . lj=;=+ @)!% df
cfd lgjf{rg eof ] . sfO] /fnf hg lgjf{lrt k|wfg dGqL ag ] . tTsfnLg /fhf dx]Gb| /
sfO] /fnfsf] ljrf/ leGg lyof ] . oxL sf/0f @)!& ;fn kfi} f ! ut] /fhf dx]Gbn| ] ;Dk"0f{
zf;g ;Ttf xftdf lnP . sfO] /fnfnfO{ h]n xflnof] . hn] af6 56' ]kl5 pgn] ef/tdf a;]/
g]kfnsf /fhgLlts ultljlw u/] . /fhf / hgtflar leGg ljrf/ /lx/xo\ f] eg] cfkm\gf]
b]zdf csf{] bz] n] xdnf ug]{ dfs} f kfp5F , csf{] bz] n] :jfy{ k/' f ug{ vf]H5 eg/]
ljZj]Zj/k|;fb sfO] /fnfn] dn] ldnfksf] gLlt agfP . pgL lj=;=+ @)## df …dn] ldnfksf]
gLltÚ lnP/ gk] fn kms] { . To;kl5 g]kfnd} a;]/ kh| ftGqsf nflu ;ª\3if{ u/] . xfdLn]
klg hft, wd{, lnª\u h:tf s/' fsf] kl5 nfu]/ Joy{ emu8f ug'{xF'bg}  . ;a} gk] fnL ldn]/
a:g'k5 { .

l;h{gfTds n]vg

s= ljZjZ] j/n] h:t} ;ª\3if{ ug]{ s'g} /fhg]tfsf] hLjgL k9 / d'Vo dV' o aF'bf l6k .
v= a'Fbfsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] hLjgL tof/ kf/ M
Gffd – bz/y rGb

efiff au}rF f – ^ 215

hGd ldlt – lj=;=+ !(^) c;f/ @& ut]

hGd:yfg – at} 8L lhNnf, dxfsfnL c~rn

lktf – z/] axfb'/ rGb

ofu] bfg – ef/tsf] jgf/;df uO{ cWoog ubf{ ef/t 5f8] f] cfGbfn] gaf6 k|efljt

– ;g\ !(!& df ?;df ePsf] cS6f]a/ jm| flGtaf6 k|efljt

– lj=;=+ !((# df u7g ePsf] /f0ff lj/fw] L ;+:yf kh| f kl/ifbs\ f ;+:yfks

;b:o eO{ /f0ff lj/f]wL ultljlwdf ;lj|mo

– lj=;=+ !((& df Toltv]/sf] /f0ff ;/sf/åf/f lu/ˆtf/

– uª\ufnfn;Fu} sG] bL| o sf/fuf/df /flvPsf]

– /f0ffx¿n] dfkmL dfu eGbf gdfgk] l5 ;lxb uªu\ fnfn;Fu} zf]ef eujtL

dlGb/cufl8 uf]nL 7f]s/] dfl/Psf

d[To' – lj=;+= !((& df3 !% ut]

;dx" sfo{

kfrF j6f ;d"x agfpm . :jf:Yo, :j:y, cfxf/f, bl} gs, kfi] f0f, cGg, ;fu;AhL,
kmnk"mn, df;,' Jofofd, sk[ of, wGojfb, /f]u, arfj6 / ;/;kmfO zAb /fv]/
;+jfb tof/ u/ . kT| os] ;dx" sf ;+jfb hDdf u/ / ;d"xsf ;a} ;fyLx¿ ldn]/
cfkm" n] nv] s] f] ;j+ fb clego u/]/ bv] fpm .

vN] bfvN] b}

lbPsf zAbdf ko| fu] ePsf cIf/x¿af6 ;s;] Dd w/] } zAb agfpm / ltgsf cy{ klg nv]  .
!= lul/hfk|;fb sfO] /fnf
@= /fli6o« d]nldnfk
#= ;dfh ;w' f/

216 efiff auFr} f – ^

!%PsfO afn clwsf/sf]
b'?kof]u gu/fF}

cfvF Lem\ofn

lbPsf] ;+jfb k9]/ s] ae' \mof} <

cfdf M afa', slt vl] n/fv]sf] Û cfpm ca u[xsfo{ ug'{k5{ .
5f/] f M d v]Nb}5' Sof Û Ps l5g klvg{ ' g .
cfdf M ltdLn] b'O{ 3G6f vl] n;Sof,} ca v?' Ss cfpm t Û
5f]/f] M To;/L gs/fpg" x} Û xh'/nfO{ yfxf 5g} < v]Ng kfpg] t xfdf| ] clwsf/ xf ] .

zAb / c {y!kf7 1fgL x'g klg hfGgk' 5{

– t]hk|sfz >i] 7

gf6ssf/ th] ks| fz >i] 7sf] hGd lj=;=+ @))# k;' @@ ut] dxfsfnL c~rn, at} 8L lhNnfsf]
vnªu\ f eGg] 7fpdF f ePsf] xf ] . gk] fnL ljifodf :gftsfT] t/ tx pTtL0f{ u/s] f >i] 7 sx] L jif{
lzIf0f / nfdf] ;do ;/sf/L ;j] fdf ;n+ Ug /x ] . …pkxf/ s] lbgÚ] , -afn Psfªs\ L_, …d;' f] /
la/fnfÚ] ,…sfkmnr/LÚ-syf;ªu\ x| _nufotltgbhg{ eGbfa9Lsl[ tx¿ks| flzt5g \ . pgnfO{…;femf
afn;flxTok/' :sf/Ú,…tGg/] Lkl| tef;DdfgÚnufotcfwfbhg{ eGbfa9Lk/' :sf/tyf;Ddfgkb| fg
ul/Psf] 5 . pgL afn dgfj] 1} flgs kIfnfO{ dflds{ 9ªu\ n] k:| tt' ug{] gf6ssf/ xg'  \ .

Kffq M cfdf -u[lx0fL_, ;km" -5 jifs{ L aflnsf_
pT;s' -gf} jifs{ f] afns_, gjLg u'? -lzIfs_
;do M laxfg !! ah] . labfsf] lbg .
-lxpFbsf] ofd . cfsfzdf afbnsf ;;fgf rfO] 6fn] 3fd 5fK] g] / 5f]8\g] ubf{

emNofsem' ns' 3fd nfu]sf ] . ;k"m / pT;s' 3fd tfKb} cfFugdf v]ln/x]sf .
Ps kf]sf] wg' ] n'uf lnP/ cfdfsf] k|j]z_
cfdf M ;km" , pT;'s, nf}, gx' fpg l7s k/ . kl5 atf; nfU5 .
;k"m M gfOF Û cfh gg'xfpg] Û hf8f] 5 . -v]Ngd} Jo:t_
cfdf M 5}g hf8f] Û kfgL tflt;Sof ] . ltdLnfO{ gx' fpg eg/] kfgL ttfO;ss] L 5' .
-kmf;] L a;flnPsf] r'Nxfd] f bfp/f 7f:] b}, cfuf] afNb}_
;km" M -pk|mbF } gfRb_} gfOF Û 3fd nfus] f] 5g}  . o:tf] tft} gxg' ] klg 3fd x'G5 <
pT;s' M d klg gx' fplF bgF, ef]ln gx' fpg ] . -3fdlt/ x]b_{} ef]ln t dHhfn] 3fd nfU5 .
cfdf M nfU5 v'a dHhfn] Û o:t} xf] afa,} k'; dlxgfdf ;w} F . cfh kfgL ttfO;ss] L
5' . nf} l56f] u/ Û 3fd hfG5 . -kmsfpbF _}  .
;km" M gfOF Û
cfdf M l56f] u/ . ggx' fO{ xbF' g}  . kmfx] f/] L eP/} :sn' hfg] t Û ;fyLx¿n] klg s] eGnfg\ <

u[lx0fL – 3/sL dflnSgL
Rff]O6f – 6j' |mf

218 efiff au}Frf – ^

zAb / c {y;k"m M -?Gr] :j/df_ gfOF s] Û d cfh g'xfpFb} gx' fplF bgF . ef]ln dfq gx' fpF5 ' .
cfdf M g'xfp5F ];\ efl] n Û :s'n hfg'kb}{g ls s;f] < v?' Ss cfOh .
;k"m M ef]ln t 5'66\ L Û -cfdfn] p;nfO{ ;dfTg vf]lH5g,\ t/ pm k'mTs/] efU5 ] ._
cfdf M -pT;'stk{m kmsb{ }_ e}uf] Û cfOh tF klxn] Û Tof] klg g'xfp5F  ] .
pT;s' M gfO,F d klg g'xfplbgF cfh Û -pk|mbF } v]N5_
cfdf M x/] , oL s]6fs]6L Û slt rsrs u5{g\ Û gpkm| L Û wn' f] p8\of] . -s6] fs6L emg\

pk|mG5g_\ egs] f] 6]b{g} f} < dnfO{ l/; gp7fcf] x} . emfKk' vfpnf -l/;fpFb}_ oqf]
nu' f wg' afFsL g} 5 . l56f] cfcf] .
;km" M gfOF eg]kl5 gfOF . -efUb}_
cfdf M -nv]6b\ }_ kv ltdLx¿nfO { . -pT;s' nfO{ e]6\6fP/ tfGb}_
pT;'s M gfOF Û gfOF Û -km' Tsg vfH] b} ?g yfN5, k'mTsg g;s]kl5 eO' dF f n8La'8L v]Ng
yfN5_
cfdf M nf}, nf,} s] u/s] f] of] . kmf]xf]/L Û To;/L eO' dF f nl8a8' L v]Ng] xf] < cem 6b] {}g;\
Û x]k]sf] t}Fn] < nf} vf Û -Ps emfKk' lxsfp{ Fl5g,\ pT;'s sf]sfx] f]nf] u5_{ oqf]
nf7] eP/ klg eGof 6]bg{} ;\, xg} <
pT;'s M SjfF SjfF Û -e'OdF f nl8a'8L ub{} ?G5 ._
cfdf M cem a9t\ f xG' 5; \ . v?' Ss nu' f k'msfn/] g'xfpg cfOh . eGof 6b] g{} ;\ <
k]ml/ xft vfg'k¥of] < -xsfb{_}
pT;s' M cfpGg Û -v6' 6\ f ahf/L ahf/L ?bF _}
cfdf M nf} gcf t Û -Ps emfKk' km] l/ ylK5g_\
pT;'s M -?jfO emg\ rsfp{ Fb}_ xfDnf======nfO{ To;/L lk======lk=========lk6\g kfOG5 <
cfdfafn] 5f/] f5f]/LnfO{ klg lk6\g kfOGg . -;'SF s ;S'F s ub}{_
cfdf M s] /] Û s;/L lk6\g kfOG5 t Û o;/L xf] < -Pp6f ;fgf] n67\ L pHofP/ xfGg
vfH] b}_ a8f] hfGg] ePsf] Û
pT;s' M gfOF cfdf Û x\jfF x\jfF Û -rsf{] :j/df ?bF ,} ;k"m 8/fP/ slxn] cfdf t slxn]
pT;s' nfO{ x]l//xG5] ._
-gjLg u'?sf] kj| z] _
gjLg u'? M x}g Û s]sf] rsf{rsL{ xf] cfdf5f/] fsf] < pT;'snfO{ s] ef] < lsg /f]Psf] <

emfKk' – yKk8

efiff aur}F f – ^ 219

cfdf M s] x'g' lg Û g'xfpg cfcf] egs] f] t 6]b{} 6/] ]gg \ . clg Ps emfKk' lbPsf] t
s6] fs]6LnfO{ o;/L lk6\g kfOGg kf] eGbf] /x5]  . egs] f] klg gdfGg], dv' dv' }
kf] nfU5 P Û

gjLg u'? M nf} Û lsg cfdfn] egs] f] gdfg]sf] t < 1fgL s]6fs]6Ln] t eg]sf] dfGg' kf]
k5{ . cfdfnfO{ bM' v lbg] xf] < -;Demfpg vf]Hb_}

pT;'s M pxfFn] klg t eg]sf] dfGge' Pg lg Û cfh ggx' fpg] eGbf dfGb} dfGgx' 'Gg .
xfdLn] klg dfg]gf} F . -u'gf;f] ub_{}

cfdf M gx' fpg eg/] kfgL ttfO;s]sL 5 ' . 3fd klg nfus] } 5 . labfsf] lbg, km' ;b{
klg 5 . o:tf] a]nfdf gg'xfP slxn] g'xfpg] Û xg} t u'? < -u?' sf] cg'xf/df
k'nS' s x]b{_}

gjLg u'? M xf] lg Û
pT;'s M cF xf] Û cfdfn] s;/L lk6\ge' f ] . o;/L lk6\g kfOG5 t u?' <
cfdf M nf} x/] hfGg] ePsf ] . emfKk' lxsf{pF5' km] l/ . -lk6\g vf]Hb_}

gjLg u'? M -5]Sb_} kVgf];\ efph" Û glk6g\ 'xf;] \ Û To;/L lk6\gx' 'Gg lg . lk6/] s6] fs]6L tx
nufpg ;lsGg . ca lk6g\ ' klg xG' g . -pT;'s lkm:; xfF:5_

cfdf M lk6\g x'Gg /] Û cfk\mg} 5f/] f5f]/LnfO{ klg lk6g\ kfOGg < s] eGge' Psf] u'?n] <
-lhNn kb}_{

gjLg u'? M xf] efph" Û s;n} fO{ klg hyfefjL lk6\g kfOGg . 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ klg lk6g\

220 efiff au}Frf – ^

kfOGg . lzIfs lzlIfsfn] klg 5fq5fqfnfO{ lk6\g, ;hfo lbg kfOGg . o:t}
sfg'g ag]sf] 5 .
cfdf M P, xf] / Û cfkm\ g} 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ lk6\bf klg sfg'g nfU5 /] Û sfg'gn] s] u5{ t
u?' < -pT;'s xb'F }_
gjLg u?' M ;hfo x'G5 . To;}n] cfhef]ln :s'ndf ljbo\ fyLn{ fO{ lk6\g / ;hfo ug{
5fl] 8;s]sf 5g \ .
cfdf M To;}n] t s]6fs]6L 5f8f ePsf /x]5g \ . k9g\ ' 5g} , xf xf x' x' u¥of], Sof
xfO;Grf] Û -5Ss kb}{_ xg} u?' Û logLx¿n] o:tf] ubf{ s'g} sfg'g 5g} t <
lzIfs / cfdfafan' ] lk6b\ f dfq sfg'g nfUg] xf] < dn} ] t s'/} al' emgF Û
gjLg u?' M sfg'g t 5 t/ afn aflnsfnfO{ ;w' fg{ ;DemfO ae' mfO{ ugk{' 5{ . dfof
ug'{k5{ . pgLx¿nfO{ xKsfP/ ;w' fg{ vf]Hgx' F'bg}  . pgLx¿ lsg / s;/L lau|Fb}
5g,\ c6/] L xbF' } 5g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf kfpgk' 5{ . lk6/] dfq afn aflnsf tx
nfUbg} g\ . a? x7L / lhbb\ Ljfn aGb} hfG5g \ .
cfdf M v} u?' Û cl3 ;km" / pT;s' nfO{ gx' fpg cfcf] eGbf gfOF gx' fpFbg} fF} eg/]
tlsP{  . dn} ] h;] s' } xf];\ eg/] 5fl] 8lbg'kg]{ xf] < -lrTt ga'em] sf] efjdf_ To;f]
ubf{ s]6fs6] L emg\ c6]/L aGbg} g\ / Û /f]stf]s ug}{ ePg, ls s;f] <
gjLg u'? M x}g Û xg} Û To;/L 5f]8g\ ] klg xf]Og . xKsfpg] / ufnL ug{] klg x}g . ;DemfO{
ae' mfO{ u/]/ kmsfpgk' 5 { . o;f] ug{x' 'G5 o;f] ug'{x'Gg eg/] ;Demfpg'k5{ . clg
t ;lDemxfN5g\ lg Û
cfdf M v} Û ;DemfPs} xf] Û kmsfPsf] klg xf] . cfpm afa' gfgL xf] g'xfpgk' 5 { . cfh
labfsf] lbg eGbf emg\ emg\ efUg yfn ] . clg ;dfpg nfUbf eO' dF f nl8a'8L
vN] g yfNof] . clg slt ;Demfpg] Û
pT;'s M clg lsg lk6g\ e' Psf] t <
cfdf M dn} ] s]xL gub}{ e'OFdf nl8a'8L u//] nu' f kmfx] f/] kfg{ yfn]kl5 s] ug{] t Û n'uf
wg' s:tf] ufx|f] 5 . To;df klg nu' f Rofltg] 8/ . eg]sf] dfg] s;n} ] lk65\
/ Û cfdfafn] ;DemfPsf] ;Demg'k5 { . 1fgL xg' klg hfGgk' 5{ .

zAb / c {y sfgg' – P]g, lgod jf lgodfjnL xfO;Grf] – cfgGb, kL8f gePsf] cj:yf
5f8f – s'g} lgoddf gaflF wPsf], :jR5Gb
c6]/L – egs] f] gdfGg]

efiff auFr} f – ^ 221

gjLg u?' M xf] t lg Û To;/L cfdfnfO{ wDSofpgx' G' 5 t < cfk\mgf] xs vfH] gn] ] stJ{ o
klg kfngf ugk{' 5{ . cfdfaf / lzIfsaf6 dfof kfpg' 5 eg] pgLx¿n]
eg]sf] dfGg'k5{ pgLx¿sf] dfg ;Ddfg ug'k{ 5{ . pgLx¿n] s]6fs6] Ls} enf]
xf;] \, eljiodf c;n dflg; agf;] \ eg]/ g} t ;DemfpF5g\, xKsfpF5g\ \ t/ Tof]
xKsfOdf dfof xG' 5, ddtf x'G5 .

pT;'s M xf]nf Û xKsfOdf klg dfof xG' 5 st} Û
cfdf M s'g} klg cfdfafn] cfk\mgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ lk6g\ , ufnL ug{ rfxFb}gg \ t/ s] ug',{

abdf;L u/]kl5 l/; pl7xfN5 . -cfdfnfO{ gld7f] nfU5, pT;'s klg dHhf
dfGb}g ._
gjLg u'? M efph", s6] fs6LnfO{ Hofbf kN' kN' ofpg' klg xF'bg} , Hofbf xKsfpg' klg xb'F g}  .
lk6b\ f t emg\ pgLx¿ lh/fxf aG5g\, eg]sf] k6Ss} dfGg 5f8] 5\ g\ . sfx] L
sf]xL t emg} abdf; eP/ lg:sG5g \ . To:t} Hofbf kN' k'NofpbF f klg s]6fs6] Lx¿
k'mls{P/ c6]/L / lhb\bLjfn aG5g \ . To;n} ] s]6fs]6L xs' f{pg Hofb} ljrf/
k'¥ofpgk' 5{ .
cfdf M xf] u?' Û oL bO' { s6] fs]6Ln] dnfO{ xfonsfon kfl/;s] .
;km" M cF xfn] f Û dn} ] s] u/]sL 5' / Û cfh g'xfpg dg gnfu]/ t xf] lg Û -cWF of/f]
dv' nufp5F _]
pT;'s M cfh} dfq t xf] lg Û ca d klg o:tf] ulb{gF . -lgGofp/f] cgx' f/ nufP/
pleO/xG5_
gjLg u?' M xf] Û ;k"m / pT;'s 1fgL 5g \ . pgLx¿ k9g\ v'a dg u5{g \ . cfdfafnfO{ klg
lk/fN] b}gg\ Û ca t emg\ 1fgL, cf1fsf/L / a'bl\ wdfg\ aGg]5g,\ s;f] <
pT;'s M xf] u'? Û xfdL 1fgL aG5f}F . xfdL cf1fsf/L aG5f}F . cabl] v grflxg] s/' f klg
ubg{} fF } .
;km" M xfdL emu8f klg ub{}gf}F -cfdfsf] glhs cfP/_ cfdf, d klxnf gx' fp5F ' . nf},
d}n] nu' f k'msfln;sF ] . -pT;'s klg n'uf km' sfNg yfN5_
cfdf M cabl] v d klg ltdLx¿nfO{ lk6\lbgF . ufnL klg ulbg{ F . -cfdf d';S' s
xflF :5g\_
gjLg u?' M cfxf Û s:tf 1fgL s6] fs]6L Û -d':s/' fpFb} lg:sG5g_\

zAb / c {y stJ{ o – ug{k'[ g{] jf ug{ nfos sfd abdf; – v/fa sfd
lh/fxf – egs] f] gdfGg,] c6]/L xfon sfon – x}/fg

222 efiff auF}rf – ^

u/, 3/

zb' w\ pRrf/0f

lbPsf zAb ;'g / eg M

u[lx0fL emNofsem' n's pT;'s rN' xf] lhb\bLjfn
ttfO;ss] L wDSofpg' xKsfP/
rsfp{ bF } emfKk'

afw] / cleJolSt

!= kf7sf] gf6s clego u/]/ k9 .
@= l7s eP -ü_ / al] 7s eP -û_ n]v M
s= ;km" / pT;j b'j} rsrs ul//xs] f lyP .
v= cfdfn] af]nfPkl5 bj' }n] dhfl;t g'xfP .
u= cfdfn] pT;'snfO{ emfKk' nufpg'eof] .
3= pT;jn] nu' f kmf]xf]/ agfof] .
ª= gjLg u?' n] 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ lk6g\ kfOG5 eg]/ ;Demfpg'eof ] .
r= s6] fs6] LnfO{ lk6/] } ;w' fg'k{ 5 { .
5= afa'cfdfn] s]6fs]6L lsg c6/] L aGb}5g\ eGg] s/' f yfxf kfpg'k5 { .

#= s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f] xf] < n]v M
s= gfOF s] Û d cfh g'xfpFb} gx' fplbgF . ef]ln dfq gx' fp5F ' .

v= oqf] nf7] eP/ klg 6]bg{} ;\, x}g <
u= cfdfafn] klg 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ lk6\g kfOGg .
3= cfˆg} 5f/] f5f]/LnfO{ klg lk6g\ kfOGg /] .
ª= cfhefl] n :sn' df ljb\ofyL{nfO{ lk6\g / ;hfo ug{ 5fl] 8;ss] f 5g \ .
r= cab]lv d klg ltdLx¿nfO{ lk6l\ bg F .

$= lbPsf kZ| gsf] pTt/ n]v M
s= ;km" / pT;j lsg gx' fpg dfgg] g\ <

efiff au}rF f – ^ 223

v= g'xfpg gdfg]kl5 ;km" / pT;jnfO{ cfdfn] s] ug'{eof] <
u= cfdfn] lk6]kl5 pT;jn] s] eGof] <
3= gjLg u?' n] cfdfnfO{ s] eg/] ;Demfpge' of] <
ª= s]6fs6] LnfO{ w/] } xKsfof] lk6o\ f] eg] s] x'G5 <
r= s6] fs]6LnfO{ lsg w]/} k'nkN' ofpgx' 'Fbg} <
5= of] kf7 k9/] ltdLn] s] l;Sof} <
%= efj lj:tf/ u/ M
s= cfˆgf] xs vfH] gn] ] st{Jo klg kfngf ug{'k5{ .
v= 1fgL xg' klg hfGg'k5 { .
^= gjLg u?' n] cfdf, ;k"m / pT;s' nfO{ s] s] eg]/ ;DemfP < j|md ldnfP/ n]v .
&= ltdLx¿ cfkmg\ f s'/f afcfdfnfO{ s;/L ;Demfp5F f} < nv]  .

cfk\mgf cg'ej ;f6f;f6 u/ M
ltdL cfdfafn] egs] f] dfG5f} ls dfGbg} f} < ltdLn] eg]sf] dfGbf / gdfGbf
pxfFx¿n] ltdLnfO{ s:tf] Jojxf/ ug{'xG' 5 .

?

;f]r / eg M
afn clwsf/sf] ;bk' of]u s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 <

224 efiff au}rF f – ^

>l' t nv] g

lbPsf] ;+jfb ;'g / nv] M
cfdf M cem a9\tf x'G5;\, v?' Ss nu' f k'msfn]/ cfOh . eGof 6]bg{} ;\ < k]ml/ emfKk'

vfgk' ¥of] < -xsfb}_{
pT;s' M cfpGg F . -v'6\6f ahf/L ahf/L ?bF _}
cfdf M nf} gcf t Û -Ps emfKk' km] l/ ylK5g_\
pT;'s M -?jfO emg\ rsfp{ Fb_} xfDnfO{ To;/L lk======lk========lk6\g kfOG5 < cfdfafn] klg

5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ lk6\g kfOGgF . -;'FSs ;'SF s_

zb' w\ n]vg

zb' w\ agfO{ sfkLdf n]v M
– emfKk" vfnfp, xk] ]sf] tn} ] < oqf] nf7] eÚ/ klg eGof 6]b}{g;\ xf] <
– xfDnfO{ lk6\g] < lhlb\wjfn gjg\ x} Û

zAb e08f/

!= kof{ojfrL zAb;uF hf]8f agfO{ sfkLdf nv] M
dfof, ;Ddfg, r~rn, 3d08, ljrf/, 8/nfUbf], b08, xs, ;'xfpbF f], c6]/L, snx,

lh/fxf, emu8f, plrt, clwsf/, ;hfo, pu,| :g]x, OHht, rn' an' ,] cxªs\ f/, ts{
@= ;' ± wf/ – ;'wf/ eP h:t} lbPsf zAbaf6 aGg] gofF zAb n]v M
sd,{ efjgf, ab' \lw, zLn, lzlIft, ud, uGw, kmn, of]u, /Do
#= l7s zAb 5fg/] vfnL 7fpF e/ M
s= cfh=============================== 3fd nfUof] . -emNofse'mn's, kNofskn' 's_
v= pT;'s ============================gx' fpg uof ] . -km6fkm6, :jf6\6_
u= cfdfn] nu' f km' sfn]/ ==========================cfOh eGg'eof] . -v?' Ss, a'?Ss_

efiff aur}F f – ^ 225

3= cfdfn] ;fgf] n77\ Ln] ================================lk6g\ e' of] -:jf66\ :jf66\ , Kjf66\ Kjf66\ _
ª= gjLg u?' ===========================3/ uP . -e6fe6, ;/f;/_

$= lbPsf zAb /fvL jfSo agfpm M
n8La8' L, pT;s' , emfKk,' rN' xf,] vNtL, wDSofpg, afn clwsf/

%= ‘ul[ x0fL’, ‘Clif’ h:tf Csf/ nfu]sf b; j6f zAb ;fyL;Fu 5nkmn u//] n]v .
tLdWo] kfrF j6f zAb /fvL jfSo agfpm .

Jofs/0f

sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f

!= c= lbPsf jfSo k9 M
s= pT;'s ef]ln gx' fpF5 . ;km" ef]ln gx' fp5F ] .
v= u'? 3/df cfpgx' G' 5 . u?' cfdf 3/df cfpg'xG' 5 .
u= p;n] cN5L u/s] f] 5 . p;n] cN5 u/s] L 5] .

efn] jf kfy] L a'emfpg] zAbnfO{ lnªu\ elgG5 . lnª\u bO' { ks| f/sf 5g\ . tL xg' \ M
!= kl' nª\u @= :qLlnª\u
dflysf jfSodf lnªu\ sf cfwf/df jfSo kl/jtg{ ul/Psf] 5 . lnªu\ sf] cfwf/df jfSo
kl/jtg{ ubf{ kl' nªu\ nfO{ :qLlnªu\ / :qLlnªu\ nfO{ kl' nªu\ df kl/jtg{ ugk{' 5 { .

cf= lbPsf jfSonfO{ lnª\u kl/jt{g u/]/ nv] M
s= cfdfn] gx' fpg afn] fpg'eof] .
v= efO rsf]{ :j/df /f]of] .
u= pm cfdfnfO{ ;DemfpbF } 5 .
3= ltgL 5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ dfof u5g{  \ .
ª= s]6f] afn clwsf/sf af/d] f atfpF5 .
r= bfh' a'bl\ wdfg\ aGgx' g' ] 5 .

226 efiff auFr} f – ^

@= c= lbPsf jfSo k9 M

;dx" …sÚ ;dx" …vÚ

s= dn} ] cfdfnfO{ af]nfPsf lyofF } . s= d}n] cfdfnfO{ afn] fPsf] lyPF .

v= df]6f s6] f] cfof] . v= df6] f s6] f cfP .

u= xfdf| ] 5f]/fx¿ ljb\ofno hfg] 5g\ . u= xfdf| 5f]/fx¿ ljb\ofno hfg] 5g\ .

3= 5f/] f5f/] L ?g s/fpg yfNof ] . 3= 5f]/f5f]/L ?g s/fpg yfn ] .

dflysf] ;dx" …sÚ df ePsf jfSodf stfs{ f] jrgcg';f/ ljz]if0f / ljm| ofkb
ldn]sf 5}gg\ . ;d"x …vÚ df ePsf jfSodf stfs{ f] jrgcg;' f/ ljz]if0f / ljm| ofkb
ldn]sf 5g \ . o;/L stfs{ f] jrgcg;' f/ ljz]if0f / ljm| ofkb ldnfpg] sfdnfO{
jrgsf cfwf/df ul/g] kb ;ª\ult elgG5 .

cf= lbPsf jfSo jrgsf] ;ªu\ lt ldnfP/ k'gnv{] g u/ M
s= d s]6fs6] Lb]lv xfonsfon eof F} .
v= s]6f] k'mls{P/ c6/] u5{g \ .
u= xfdL grflxg] s'/f ubg{} ;\ .
3= tF cfdfnfO{ dfof uge'{ of ] .
ª= pgLx¿ k9g\ v'a dg u5{ .
r= ltdL aa' fcfdfnfO{ cfb/ u5' { .
5= cfdfn] s'/f ae' m\ g' eO{ .

#= pbfx/0f x/] ]/ ljm| ofkbsf] ¿k kl/jt{g u/ M
pbfx/0f M aG5 – agf];\
b'V5, ;G' 5, nufp5F , u5,{ lk6\5, xfF:5, ;DemfpF5, ae' \m5, x'G5, hfG5, kfpF5

$= kf7sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fpFdf ldNg] lgkft e/ M
s= ============ Û cfh ggx' fpg] Û hf8f] 5 .
v= ============ s] u/s] f] of] < To;/L e'OFdf n8La8' L vN] g] xf] .
u= nf} Û lsg cfdfn] eg]sf] gdfg]sf] ============ .
3= kVgf;] \ efph" Û To;/L lk6\g'xG' g ============ .
ª= cfkm\ g} 5f]/f5f/] LnfO{ klg lk6g\ kfOGg ============ .

ltdLn] vfnL 7fpdF f nv] s] f lgkftn] jfSosf] cyn{ fO{ cem k|i6 kfg{] sfd u/s] f 5g \ .

efiff au}Frf – ^ 227

nv] g cEof;

cg'nv] g

!= lbPsf] cgR' 5b] h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
To:tf] klg sfg'g t 5 t/ afn aflnsfnfO{ ;'wfg{ ;DemfO{ ae' mfO{ ug{'k5 { . dfof ug'{k5{ .
xKsfP/ ;w' fg{ vf]Hg'x'bF g}  . pgLx¿ lsg / s;/L lalu|bF } 5g\, c6]/L xbF' } 5g\ eGg] s'/f yfxf
kfpg'k5{ clg ToxLcg';f/ Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ . lk6]/ dfq afn aflnsf tx nfUbg} g \ . a?
x7L / lhb\bLjfn aGb} hfG5g \ .
@= lbPsf] cg'R5]b h:tfsf] To:t} ;f/ M
klxn] klxn] c6/] ug]{ ljb\ofyL{ / s6] fs6] LnfO{ lzIfs / cleefjsn] lk6/] tx nufpgk' 5{
eGg] dfGotf lyof] . cfhefl] n s6] fs6] LnfO{ lk6\g] xf]Og dfof ugk'{ 5{ eGg] gofF dfGotf
cfPsf] 5 . s]6fs]6L klg c6/] L aGgx' 'bF }g . v]Ng] xfd|f] clwsf/ xf] eg]/ k9g\ ] ;do
klg v]n]/ latfpg'xF'b}g . cN5L nfUof] eg]/ gg'xfpg,] cfdfafan' ] ufnL ubf{ l/;fpg]
ugx{' bF' }g . c;n s]6fs]6Lx¿ cfdfafa' / u?' n] egs] f] s'/f dfG5g\ . cfkm" n] ;ss] f] sfd
ug,{] afcfdfn] egs] f] dfGg] s6] fs6] LnfO{ ;a}n] dfof u5g{ \ .

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

;fyLnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u ug{] eGg] ljifo /fvL Pp6f gf6s tof/ kf/ . pSt gf6s /fdf| /
;kmf cIf/ kf/]/ rf6{ k]k/df ;f/ / ljb\ofnosf] leTtfdf 6fF; .

228 efiff aurF} f – ^

;dx" sfo{
sIffsf ;fyLdWo]af6 Ps hgf k|ltlglw 5fg . ;'?sf] a]Grdf a:g] Ps hgfn]
syf ;'? u/ . h:t}M– Psfbz] df Pp6f ls;fg a:Yof ] . csf]{n] To;};Fu ldNg]
csf{] jfSo eg . h:t}M– p;sL hxfg cToGt af7L lyO { . To;} u/L sIffsf
;a} hgfn] klxnf] jfSo;Fu ldNg] vfnsf Ps Ps jfSo eGb} hfpm . kl| tlglwn]
;an} ] egs] f jfSo sfkLdf l6Kb} hfpm . cGTodf Pp6f syf aG5 . k|ltlglwn]
syf k9/] sIffdf ;'gfpm . sIffsf ;a} ;fyLlar 5nkmn u/L ldNg] zLif{s
/fv .

yk cEof;

kf7df lbPsf] gf6s clego u/]/ ;an} fO{ b]vfpm .

vN] bfvN] b}

lbPsf] ;+jfb clego u/ M
-/ljg, ;l' Dgdf, sNkgf / /fh]z ?vdl' g a;]/ ukm ul//xs] f 5g\ ._
sNkgf M x/] g Û cfh s:tf] /fdf| ] 3fd nfUof ] .
/fh]z M -lh:SofpFb_} cF t lg Û -rf/} lt/ x/] /] _ 3fddf t a'6\6}a6' \6f /x5] g\ .
/ljg M ltdL s] lhl:s/f < pgn] /fd}| t egs] L xg' \ .
sNkgf M dnfO{ t lxhf] cl:tsf] em/Ln] sx] L sfd ug}{ lbPg . nu' f wg' k' g{] lyof,] cfh

klg otf cfOof ] . cfdfnfO{ s] b'Mv lbg' <
;'lDgdf M cf Û d t cfdfnfO{ g} nu' f wf]Olbg" eG5 ' .
sNkgf M ltdL ;lSbgf} / < -cln s8f cfjfhdf_ cfkm" n] ;Sg] sfd cfkm} F ugk{' 5{ lg Û

cfdfsf c¿ sfddf ;3fP cem /fdf| ] Û
;l' Dgdf M -;fR] b_} xg' t xf ] .

efiff au}Frf – ^ 229

/ljg M xg} , ltdLx¿ oxfF 5nkmn ug{ cfPsf xf} ls cfkm\ gf s'/f ug{ <
/fhz] M n n Û k]ml/ ljifod} 5nkmn u/f}F gq ;do kU' bg}  .
-;'lDgdf / sNkgf klg ;fjwfg eP/ /fh]zsf s'/fdf Wofg lbG5g\ ._
/fhz] M cF, xfdf| ] Snan] lhNnf afn sNof0f ;ldlt cGtu{tsf] afnu[xnfO{ ;xofu]

ug]{ s'/f t kSsf eof] t/ k;} frflxF s;/L h6' fpg] <
/ljg M o;sf nflu w]/} pkfo 5g \ . Pp6f t cln k;} f x'g] dflg;sxfF uP/ rGbf

;ªs\ ng ug{] xf ] .
;'lDgdf M crn] dflg;x¿ rGbf lbg} dfGbg} g\ . rGbf lbgnfO{ sdPsf] xf] / Û cfkm} nF fO{

wf} wf} 5 . …ss] f] rGbf <Ú eg]/ ;g' fp5F g\ .
/ljg M Tof] Pp6f dfq tl/sf t 5g} lg . c¿ klg tl/sf 5g\ .
sNkgf M xfdLn] yf]/} yf]/} k;} f cfk}mF klg t hDdf ug{ ;S5f} lg .
;'lDgdf M s;/L <
sNkgf M kT| os] lbg vfhfsf] nflu 56' \ofPsf] k};faf6 Ps ?lkofF vq' 's]df hDdf ug]{

clg ;as} f] v'qs' a] f6 Ps dlxgfdf hlt hDdf x'G5, Tolt afnux[ nfO{ lbg] .
/fhz] M c¿ pkfo 5}gg\ <
/ljg M lsg gxg' ' < gf6s b]vfpg], l6s6 a]Rg,] hDdf ePsf] /sddWo]af6 s]xL /sd

5'6o\ fP/ afnux[ nfO{ rGbf lbg ;lsG5 .
/fh]z M clxn] c¿ ;fR] glt/ gnfuf},F lbgsf] Ps ?lkofF hDdf ugl{] t/ nfuf},F xG' g t <
c¿ M xG' 5 xG' 5 To;} u/f}F .
-;a} hgf p7]/ 3/tk{m nfU5g \ ._

230 efiff au}Frf – ^

ax' cfoflds kl| tefsf] l;bw\ fGtdf cfwfl/t lj|mofsnfk

cg's/0ffTds zAb

!= eflifs lj|mofsnfk
lbPsf] syf k9 . syfaf6 af/ j6f cgs' /0ffTds zAb vf]h M
Psfb]zdf Pp6f s6] f] lyof ] . pm n?' n'? ahf/ hfFb} lyof] . af6fd] f Pp6L dlxnfn] ;df;] f
aR] g /fvs] L lyO { . p;n] b'O{ j6f ;df;] f lsg]/ skfsk vfof] / clg Ps lunf; kfgL snsn
lkof ] . pm Pp6f kvf{ndfly ykSs a:of] . p;n] 6j\ fNn k//] hfb' x]¥of ] . Ps l5gkl5 pm
ToxfFaf6 klg lxF8o\ f] . lx8F b\ f lxF8b\ f p;sf uf8] f b'v ] . pm k;nsf] k6] Ldf YofRr a:of ] . pm v?' /{
bf}8\of] t/ lx8F g\ g;s/] 8ªu\ ª| u\ } ;8sd} k5fl/of ] . k5fl/P klg pm h¥ofsh¿' s
p7o\ f] / otfplt gx/] L ;/f;/ lx8F \g yfNof] . pm lxF8\b} ubf{ l;/l;/ atf; rNg yfNof ] . cfsfz
u8\ofªu8' ª' u/]/ uh{g yfNof] / jiff{ klg x'g yfNof ] . kfgLdf leh]kl5 p;sf] lhpdf l;l/ª\u
eof] . pm hf8fn] ] y'/y'/ sfDg yfNof ] .

@= ;fª\uLlts lj|mofsnfk
tnsf] sljtf no xfnL k9 M
n'?n'? lxF8/] , ;/f;/ k'u/]
skfsk vfg' 5, Ps l5g YofRr a:g' 5 .
n8k] lg 8ªu|ª\u, h¥ofsh'?s p7\g' 5
6\jfNn k/L gx/] a:gk' 5{ ykSs .
u8\ofªu8' ª' r8l\ sof,] lhp eof] l;l/ª\u
l;/l;/ rNof] atf;, y'/y/' sfDof] z/L/ .

#= bZ[ ofTds ljm| ofsnfk
ljbo\ fyLx{ ¿ af/ j6f ;dx" df a; . k|Tos] ;d"xn] n?' n'? lxF8s] f], ;/f;/ lx8F s] f], skfsk
vfPsf,] snsn kfgL cfPsf], 6\jfNn x/] s] f], YofRr a;]sf], ykSs a;s] f], h?' Ss p7]sf], 8ªu\ ª| \u
n8s] f,] h¥ofsh'?s p7s] f,] y'/y'/ sfds] f,] l;l/ª\u ePsf] cfsfz uhs{] f,] l;/l;/ xfjf rns] f]
!÷! j6f lrq agfpm .
lrq agfO;sk] l5 ;dx" sf k|ltlglwx¿ cufl8 hfpm . kfn}kfnf] cfkm\ gf] ;d"xn] agfPsf lrq
sfnf] kf6Ldf b]vfpm / lrqdf s;/L vfPsf] bv] fOPsf] 5 < s;/L lx8F ]sf] bv] fOPsf] 5 h:tf
lrq;uF ;DalGwt k|Zg ;f]w . c¿ ljb\ofyL{n] ;fyLn] ;fw] s] f k|Zgsf] pTt/ eg .

$= tflss{ ljm| ofsnfk
s= vfg], a:g], lxF8\g,] p7g\ ,] xg] ]{, xfjf rNg], cfsfz uh{g], z/L/ sfDg] tl/sf hgfpg] af/
j6f cg's/0ffTds zAb eg .

231

v= lx8F \g] tl/sf hgfpg] b'O{ j6f zAb eg .
u= vfg] tl/sf hgfpg] bO' { j6f zAb eg .
3= a:g] tl/sf hgfpg] bO' { j6f zAb eg .
ª= p7g\ ] tl/sf hgfpg] bO' { j6f zAb eg .
r= z/L/ sfDg] tl/sf hgfpg] b'O{ j6f zAb eg .
5= x]g,{] n8g\ ] la:tf/} xfjf rNg], cfsfz uh{g] tl/sf hgfpg] Ps Ps j6f zAb eg .
%= clegofTds ljm| ofsnfk
sIffsf ljb\ofyLd{ Wo] 5 hgf cufl8 hfpm . klxn] ;?' df n?' n?' lxF8s] f] clego u/ / c¿
;fyLnfO{ s;/L lx8F s] f] 5' <Ú eg]/ k|Zg u/ . To;kl5 ;/f;/ cfkm\ gf] a:g] 7fpdF f uP/ plepm .
…d s;/L lx8F ]/ oxfF cfPF < Ú eg] / ;f]w . ;fyLx¿af6 pTt/ cfP l7s eg pTt/ gcfP
…;/f;/Ú eg/] pTt/ bp] m . csf{] ;fyL hfpm / …6j\ fNnÚ k/]/ st} x]/s] f] clego u/ . d}n] s;/L
x]/]sf] lyPF <Ú eg/] ;fyLnfO{ ;fw] < pTt/ cfP …l7s 5Ú eg gcfP …6j\ fNnÚ elgb]pm . o:t} u/L
t;] |f]n] ;'?df skfsk vfPsf] clg snsn kfgL cfPsf] clego u/ . klxns] f ;fyLn] h:t} k|Zg
u/ . rfyF} f]n] ;'?df 8ªu\ |ªu\ n8]sf] clego u/ . kfrfn}F ] z/L/ sfd]sf] clego u/ . 57} f}Fn] xfjf
rn]sf] / cfsfz uh]s{ f] cfjfh;lxt clego u/]/ bv] fpm / klxns] f ;fyLn] h:t} k|Zg u/ .
^= cGt/ jo} lSts ljm| ofsnfk
^÷^ hgfsf] ;d"x agfpm . k|To]sn] af/ af/ j6f zAbkTtL agfpm . k|Tos] Pp6f zAbsf]
b/n] zAb kTtLdf n?' n?' , ;/f;/, skfsk, YofRr, 8ªu\ |ªu\ , h¥ofsh?' s, 6j\ fNn, ykSs,
u8\ofª\u'8ª' , l;l/ªu\ , l;/l;/, y'/y/' zAb n]v . zAbkTtLdf nl] vPsf] efu tn kf//] /fv .
kfn}kfnf] @÷@ j6f zAb kTtL tfg . cfkm" nfO{ k/s] f zAbkTtLdf nl] vPsf zAb dgdg} k9
/ c¿ ;fyLnfO{ To;};Fu ;DalGwt kZ| g ;fw] , h:t} ltdLn] lnPsf zAbkTtLdf …skfskÚ /
…6\jfNnÚ zAb k/s] f 5g\ eg] c¿ ;fyLnfO{ l56f] l56f] vfg] tl/sfnfO{ s] elgG5 < Psfx] f]/f]
x]g]{ tl/sfnfO{ s] elgG5 < eg]/ kZ| g ug{ ;lsG5 .
&= cGtM jo} lSts ljm| ofsnfk
sIffsf kT| os] ljb\ofyL{n] n'?n'?, ;/f;/, skfsk, YofRr, 8ªu\ ª| u\ , h¥ofsh'?s, 6\jfNn,
ykSs, u8ofª\u'8'ª, l;l/ª\u, l;/l;/, y'/y/' zAb ko| fu] u/]/ Pp6f cg'R5b] n]v . cfk"mn]
n]v]sf] glhssf] ;fyLnfO{ k9g\ bp] m . ;fyLn] n]vs] f] cfkm" k9 . ;fyLn] n]vs] f jfSo ldn]
gldns] f] x/]  . gldn]sf] 7fpFdf ;RofObp] m .

232

lj:tt[ ljifo ;"rL

zAb nv] g cEof; ;dx"
z'bw\ af]w / e08f/ zb' \w yk sfo{
PsfO cfFvLem\ ofn kf7 kf7 zLif{s pRrf/0f cleJolSt Jofs/0f >l' tnv] g nv] g cgn' ]vg÷ l;h{gfTds cEof; vN] bfv]Nb}

x:tn]vg n]vg

j:t'ut, kofo{ jfrL, …aÚ sf]

ls;fgsL ljifout, ljk/LtfyL{ / gfdkb, lrx\g lrxg\ ko| fu] , …;Ú sf] kf7sf] nf]ssyf zAb
e08f/
! lrq syf ! :jf:gL / /]km nfus] f zAb ;dfnf]rgfTds cgs' /0ffTds ko| f]u, ljelSt, ko| f]u ePsf] k|ofu] , x|:j / cg'R5]b / n]vg / r'6l\ snf

af3 / l;hg{ fTds zAb, k|Too sfn cgR' 5]b bL3{ Osf/ d"nefj lrqsyf

kZ| g nfus] f zAb nfus] f jfSo

noafw] , ljk/LtfyL{
ljifout kZ| g,
@ lrq j0fg{ ! bz] } :ju{ cfwf cIf/ / ;dfnf]rgfTds zAb, pk;u{ – uLtsf x|:j / bL3{ uLtsf sljtf n]vg afw] kZ| g – –
kfg{'k5{ rGb|ljGb' ePsf / l;h{gfTds nfu]sf, p:t} kªl\ St psf/ nfus] f kªl\ St
;l' gg] zAb, …;Ú
zAb kZ| g k|of]u ePsf zAb

233 zAb

j:tu' t kZ| g, zAb / cy{, gfdkb, ljzi] f0f,
kof{ojfrL / jtd{ fg sfn,
@ xfd|f cfwf cIf/ / …/Ú ljifout k|Zg, ljk/LtfyL{ s/0f / sfnsf kf7sf] …;Ú, …zÚ, …CÚ kf7sf] zAb uLt ufpg]
hn;f| ]t ePsf zAb ;dfnfr] gfTds zAb, k|Too cg'R5b] sf] ko| fu] ePsf cg'R5]b / lgaGw n]vg e08f/
;Dkbf / l;hg{ fTds nfu]sf zAb ¿kx¿
c+z jfSo dn" efj

k|Zg

# lrq j0f{g ! dfOsn cªu\ |h] L efiffsf j:t'ut kZ| g, zAb / cy{ e"tsfn, kf7sf …zÚ / …ifÚ a'Fbf zb' w\ zAbhfn
kmf/f8] zAb ljifout kZ| g, kT| oo nfus] f cfb/fyL{ jfSo, jfSox¿ ePsf, …aÚ / kf7sf] l6kf6] pRrf/0f
;dfnf]rgfTds …jÚ ePsf, x:| j cg'R5]b / hLjgL n]vg
/ l;hg{ fTds zAb, ;+of]hs / bL3{ Osf/ dn" efj
ljk/LtfyL{ zAb nfus] f zAb
k|Zg

noafw] , – sljtfsf] sYo zAb sljtfsf] sljtf k/' f – – –
Csf/ nfu]sf ljifout kZ| g, p:t} ;'lgg] Znfs] Znfs] ug,{] sljtf
$ lrq syf ! j[b\w / cfwf cIf/ ;dnfr] gfTds zAb / cy{
ePsf zAb / l;hg{ fTds jfSo lgdf{0f nV] g]

kZ| g

j:t'ut, ;j{gfd, et"

@ jl/i7 Csf/ nfu]sf ljifout, kof{ojfrL zAb, sfnaf6 kf7sf] lrx\g k|ofu] kf7sf] syf k'/f af]w kZ| g >l' t ufpvF fg]
;Ddfg zAb / tT;d ;dfnfr] gfTds ljk/LtfyL{ zAb jtd{ fgdf cgR' 5b] cg'R5]b / ug{] n]vg syf
dn" efj
zAb / l;h{gfTds / jfSo lgdf{0f kl/jtg{ , gfd

kZ| g zAb

% lrq j0fg{ ! R5f] /fN] kf cfwf cIf/ ljifout k|Zg, zAb / cy,{ ljzi] f0f, ck0" f{ kf7sf] x:| j / bL3{ kf7sf] z'b\w sf7] ]kb
k|ofu] ePsf ;dfnf]rgfTds zAb 5gf6} , kIf, cfb/fyL{ cg'R5]b Osf/, cfwf cgR' 5]b / lgaGw nv] g n]vg
zAb / 76] zAb / l;hg{ fTds 6S' sf / cy{, cIf/ ePsf dn" efj
låTj zAb lj|mof /
kZ| g et" sfnsf zAb
lj|mofsf] ko| fu]

^ ! pHofnfs] f] cfwf cIf/ noafw] , j:t'ut kof{ojfrL / – kf7sf] sYo zAbnfO{ kf7sf] sljtf n]vg,
vfh] L ePsf zAb k|Zg, ljifout ljk/LtfyL{ kªl\ St nV] o agfpg] Znfs] sljtf k'/f
zAb, p:t}
kZ| g, efj ;'lgg] zAb, ug{]
lj:tf/, rGb|ljGb'
nfu]sf zAb
;dfnfr] gfTds
/ l;hg{ fTds

kZ| g

j:tu' t k|Zg,

234 …IfÚ sf] k|of]u ljifout k|Zg, kofo{ jfrL zAb, jrg, kf7sf
cgR' 5]b /
@ uªu\ bTt ePsf / cfwf efj lj:tf/, pk;u{ s/0faf6 kf7sf kf7sf jfSo dn" efj syf k/' f ug],{ zb' w\ lrq x/] L
cIf/ ePsf ;dfnf]rgfTds nfus] f zAb, cs/0f, cg'R5]b syf ;'gfpg] nv] g syf n]Vg]

zAb / l;hg{ fTds jfSo lgdf0{ f gfdofu] L

kZ| g

& lrq j0f{g ! gk] fndf rGb|ljGb' j:tu' t, pk;u{ jt{dfg kf7sf] x:| j / bL3{ kf7sf] cg'R5b] zb' \w zAbhfn
kfOg] nfu]sf, cfwf ljifout, nfus] f zAb, sfnsf] ko| f]u cg'R5]b Osf/ nfu]sf cg'R5b] / nv] g nv] g
h8La6' Lx¿ cIf/ ePsf / ;dfnf]rgfTds jfSo lgdf{0f,
cfuGts' zAb / l;h{gfTds / ljelSt zAb dn" efj
rGbl| jGb'
k|Zg nfu]sf zAb

j:tu' t,

afn clwsf/ sd' f/ k~rd j0fs{ f] ljifout, zAb / cy{, lrxg\ ;DaGwL lrx\g k|ofu] kbofu] / kb kf7sf] syf n]vg ––
* ;DaGwL lrq ! ko| fu] ePsf ;dfnfr] gfTds 6'Ssf, pk;u{ 1fg, k'?if, ePsf jfSo ljof]u cgR' 5]b
/ l;hg{ fTds nfu]sf zAb e"tsfn
/ kZ| g zAb

k|Zg

@ ki' kf cfwf cIf/ j:tu' t kZ| g, k0" f{ kIf zAb / cy{, kf7sf] x|:j Osf/ / kf7sf] aFb' f l6kf6] / – cgn' v] g lrq x]/L
a:gt] ePsf hl6n ljifout k|Zg, hgfpg] lj|mof, ;d:t zAb, cg'R5b] bL3{ Osf/ ko| f]u cgR' 5b] / hLjgL nv] g syf n]Vg]
l;hg{ fTds / pk;u{ nfu]sf
zAb ;dfnfr] gfTds cs/0fdf ePsf jfSo d"nefj
kl/jtg{ zAb
k|Zg

df;+ fxf/L j:tu' t, eljiot\ sfn,
ef]hg ls
zfsfxf/L cfwf cIf/ ljifout, zAb / cy,{ jt{dfgaf6 kf7sf] x|:j Osf/ kf7sf] lrq x]/L
k|of]u ePsf] cg'R5b] / bL3{ Osf/ cg'R5b] / syf nV] g]
( lrq j0fg{ ! ef]hg l;h{gfTds / pk;u{ nfus] f eljiot\df ePsf] cgR' 5]b dn" efj ts{ nv] g afw] kZ| g cgn' v] g
zAb
;dfnf]rgfTds zAb kl/jt{g, lrxg\

zAb ko| f]u, ;j{gfd

noafw] ,

ljifout k|Zg p:t} ;'lgg]

!) ljleGg ! x] cfdf dfqf nfu]sf kbjm| d, efj zAb, – kf7sf] Znf]s -l_ sf/ nfus] f kf7sf] sljtf nv] g –
;db' fosf] g]kfn zAb lj:tf/ kofo{ jfrL zAb, zAb kªl\ St

lrq ;dfnf]rgfTds rGb| ljGb' nfu]

/ l;hg{ fTds sf zAb

kZ| g

j:tu' t k|Zg, pk;u{ nfu]sf cEo:taf6 Osf/, psf/, … lrqsnf
jÚ, …oÚ / P sf] kl| tof]lutf
@ gk] fnsf] cfwf cIf/ ljifout k|Zg, zAb c1ft kIfdf kf7sf] k|of]u ePsf kf7sf] lgaGw tof/ afw] kZ| g Jofs/0f cfof]hgf
lrqsnf k|ofu] ePsf ;dfnf]rgfTds ljk/LtfyL{ kl/jt{g, sfn cgR' 5b] cgR' 5]b / kfg{]
/ l;h{gfTds zAb dn" efj ug{]
zAb zAb / kl/jtg{ /

kZ| g kofo{ jfrL zAb gfdkb

235 ;kmn ckfªu\ ljNdf cfuGts' zAb / j:t'ut, pvfg 6'Ssf, sfn kl/jtg{ , kf7sf] …oÚ / …PÚ sf] kf7sf] abF' f l6kf]6 – Jofs/0f zAbhfn
JolStsf] ?8f]Nkm cfwf cIf/ ljifout kZ| g, jfSo lgdf0{ f, ljz]if0f, kb cgR' 5b] ko| fu] , …zÚ / cgR' 5b]
ko| fu] ePsf efj lj:tf/, ljk/LtfyL{ zAb …;Ú sf] k|of]u
!! tl:a/ / ! zAb l;h{gfTds / ;ªu\ lt ePsf zAb
gfddf hf8] f ;dfnfr] gfTds et" sfnsf
ldnfpg]
kZ| g ¿kx¿

!@ jftfj/0f d}qL ! /fhx;+ sf] lrx\g nfu]sf j:t'ut, zAb / cy{, ck"0f{ kIf, lrxg\ chGt / xnGt, kf7sf syf n]vg – –
lrq klxrfg p8fg / cfwf cIf/ ljifout k|Zg, cg]sfyL{ / jrg kl/jt{g ko| fu] ePsf …aÚ / …jÚ sf] cg'R5]b
ePsf zAb l;h{gfTds / cg's/0ffTds ko| fu] ePsf
;dfnf]rgfTds jfSox¿
zAb zAb
k|Zg

@ alxgLnfO{ cfwf cIf/ j:t'ut, zAb / cy{, kf7sf] Osf/ nfu]sf / kf7sf] – ;rt] gf
lr7L k|of]u ePsf ljifout k|Zg, Osf/ nfus] f ;Defjgfy{s cgR' 5b] …;Ú / …zÚ ko| f]u cgR' 5]b / lgaGw nv] g afw] / ¥ofnLsf]
l;hg{ fTds / zAb, /k] m jfSo, jt{dfg cleJolSt cfofh] gf
zAb ;dfnfr] gfTds nfus] f zAb / sfnsf ¿kx¿ ePsf zAb dn" efj
ug]{
k|Zg jfSo lgdf0{ f

j:t'ut,

!# lrq j0fg{ ! z}lIfs cfwf cIf/ ljifout, ;ªl\ Ift zAb, cf1fy,{ kf7sf jfSo x|:j / bL3{ kf7sf] lgj]bg k/' f – afw] / sf]7k] b
e|d0f ko| fu] ePsf ;dfnf]rgfTds, pk;u,{ jfSo axj' rg / dn" efj Osf/ nfu]sf jfSo / ug]{ cleJolSt
d"nefj
zAb l;hg{ fTds / lgdf{0f zAb

kZ| g

cfwf cIf/ / noafw] , zAb / cy,{ sYo zAb /
/]km nfu]sf ljifout, jfSo lgdf{0f,
!$ lrq j0fg{ ! Joy{ ;dfnfr] gf / – cGTodf bL3{ sljtfsf k~rd j0f{sf] sljtfsf sljtf nv] g –
emu8f zAb l;h{gfTds k|Zg Osf/ nfus] f Znfs] k|of]u ePsf Znfs]

zAb zAbx¿

j:t'ut kZ| g, …;Ú / …zÚ …PÚ
ljifout kZ| g,
236 ljZjZ] j/ cfwf cIf/ ;dfnfr] gfTds k'?if, jtd{ fg kof{ojfrL kf7sf] / …oÚ sf] k|ofu] kf7sf] hLjgLsf – l;hg{ fTds zAb lgdf0{ f
@ k;| fb ePsf zAb / l;h{gfTds sfnsf ljm| of, zAb, pk;u{, cgR' 5b] ePsf, x:| j / cgR' 5]b / a'Fbf n]vg / nv] g
6'Ssf / jfSo d"nefj hLjgL nv] g
sfO] /fnf k|Zg ;jg{ fd, bL3{ Osf/
ax'jrg lgdf0{ f nfu]sf ePsf

jfSo

j:t'ut kZ| g, kof{ojfrL zAb lnªu\ , kb /ª\ud~r
;ª\ult,
!% ! 1fgL cfwf cIf/ ljifout k|Zg, pk;u{ OR5fys{ , kf7sf] ;+jfb sYo / n]Vo kf7sf] gf6s nv] g tof/ l;hg{ fTds ;j+ fb
x'g klg ePsf zAbx¿ efj lj:tf/, nfu]sf zAb, ljm| ofkb / ¿k cg'R5]b / / clego kf/L n]vg clego
hfGg'k5{ ;dfnf]rgfTds jfSo lgdf0{ f, lgkft d"nefj clego
/ l;hg{ fTds …CÚsf/ nfu]sf
ug{]
kZ| g zAb