6 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) 169-163 Comparison of Keypoint Coordinate Detection between Reflective and Open Pose Markers in Gait Analysis 161-159 Numerical Computation of Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) SWCNTMWCNT/Water Flow Over a Stagnation Point of Cylinder With Suction and Joule Heating 149-146 Mixed Convection Boundary Layer Flow of Viscoelastic Hybrid Nanofluid Past over a Sphere
2LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –Room Time (GMT+8) Speaker Room B : Materials and Energy 14:00 – 14:30 Dr. Tahta Amrillah 14:30 – 14:45 Dr. Nurkhaizan Zulkepli 14:45 – 15:00 Mr. Candra Ismail Alhakim 15:00 – 15:15 Mr. Sutoyo 15:15 – 15:30 Ms. Priyatharshiny Pongali 15:30 – 15:45 Mrs. Salmah Mohd Ghazali 15:45 – 16:00 Mr. Azhar Mohd Sinin
7 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) Id Title 181-176 Magnetism Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency in CZTS Doped Magnetic 3D Transition Metals for Wearable Solar Cells Device 018-013 Synthesis and Characterisation of SiO2- Based Graphene Nanoballs using CopperVapour-Assisted APCVD for Thermoelectric Application 116-105 Wind Turbine Foundation Modelling: Comparative Study between Monopile and Group Pile in Java Onshore Condition 126-117 Effect of Void in Mineral Aggregate (VMA) Value on Hot Asphalt Mixes for Heavy Traffic 131-121 Synthesis and Characterization of Glycolic Anhydride Kappa-Carrageenan as a Highly Conductive Gel Polymer Electrolyte 136-124 Comparative Performance of Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Composed of Natural Dyes From Clitoria Ternatae and Quercus Infectoria 127-127 Brightening the Future: Harnessing Natures Colors for Sustainable Solar Cells
2LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –16:00 – 16:15 Ms. Nur Maisarah Batsrisyia Mohd Bahaudin Bokhari 16:15 – 16:30 Ms. Nursyahmira Farhana Binti Mohd Shah 16:30 – 16:45 Mr. Muhamad Syafiq Zainudin Ithnin
8 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) 087-130 Characterization of Electrical Behavior in Cellulose-Based Electrolyte Doped with Ammonium Formate 138-132 Effect of Temperatures on Green Synthesis of Amide-Based Corrosion Inhibitors from Sustainable Source 135-133 Physiochemical Studies of Mgal Layered Double Hydroxide at Ambient Temperature
2LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –Room Time (GMT+8) Speaker Room C : Carbon and Related Materials / Solid State Theory, Simulation and Computational 14:00 – 14:30 Assoc. Prof Dr. Che Azurahanim Che Abdullah 14:30 – 14:45 Ms. Wan Nazihah Liyana Wan Jusoh 14:45 – 15:00 Dr. Siti Amira Othman 15:00 – 15:15 Dr. Nor Laili-Azua Jamari 15:15 – 15:30 Mr. Shahrul Izwan Ahmad 15:30 – 15:45 Dr. Fadhlul Wafi Badrudin 15:45 – 16:00 Dr. Ahmad Farid Mohd Azmi
9 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) Id Title 147-143 Synthesis, Characterisation and Photocatalytic Activity of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnONPS) by using Cocoa Pod Husk (Theobroma Cacao L.) Extract (Cphe) 146-142 Advancements in Cellulose-Based Material Ink Formulation for Enhanced 3D Printing Application 100-088 The use of Chitosan as Coagulant in the Treatment of Turbid Sea Water 005-058 Removal of Fluorotelomer Olefin: A Comparative Analysis on Activated Carbon and Resin-Based Materials 167-160 The First Principle Study on Structural and Electronic Properties of the Nickel Doped LiFePO4 Cathode Materials 163-152 The Influence of Cl Doping on the Structural, Electronic Properties and Li-Ion Migration of LiFePO4: A DFT Study 165-162 Modification of Gold Electrodes using Reduced Graphene Oxide as Cortisol Electrochemical Biosensor
3LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –16:00 – 16:15 Dr. Aida Fazliza Binti Mat Fadzil 16:15 – 16:30 Ms. Nurul Faeqah Mazalan Room Time (GMT+8) Speaker Room D : Others 14:00 – 14:30 Prof. Dr. Norhana Abdul Halim 14:30 – 14:45 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Aniza Ibrahim 14:45 – 15:00 Mr. Huang Shen Chua 15:00 – 15:15 Ms. Aniza Binti Saini
0 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) 036-037 Enhancement of Doped Sn in LiMnTiO4 Cathode Material: Effects of Combustion Method and DFT Theoretical Studies on Structure and Morphology 088-135 The Effect of NH4Br Composition on Electrical Behaviour of 2-Hydroxyethyl Cellulose Solid Biopolymer Electrolyte Id Title 097-112 Desorption of Some Volatile Organic Compound from Bacterial Cellulose / CNT Nanocomposite under the Influence of DC Voltage 085-072 A Sustainable Approach to Improving the Hydraulic Properties of Subgrade using Marble Dust and Coconut Shell 151-149 Optimization of Sapindus Mukorossi Drying Efficiency using Response Surface Methodology 093-096 Extraction of Terung Asam Sarawak (Solanum Lasiocarpum Dunal) with Different Parameters using UltrasonicAssisted Technique
3LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –15:15 – 15:30 Mr. Muhammad Daniel Eazzat Bin Mohd Rosdan 15:30 – 15:45 Ms. Nur Iffa Izzati Shahidan 15:45 – 16:00 Mrs. Amani Salsabil Husodo 16:00 – 16:15 Mr. Low Kit Hung 16:15 – 16:30 Ts. Dr. Fadhlina Che Ros
1 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) 108-097 Effect of Pre-Treatment of Mangifera Pajang KOSTERM Fruits via UltrasoundAssisted Osmotic Dehydration 123-114 An Investigation on Strength and Density of Mortar with Rubber Powder and Clamshell Powder 137-129 Simulation of Triglycerides Purification from Crude Palm Oil by Single Solvent Continuous Counter Current Extraction 144-141 Optimization of Pectin Production Parameters from Pineapple Waste 007-154 Optimizing AB Mix Nutrients and Wick Length in Chili Cultivated using Nutri-pot Method via Response Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design
3LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –Room Time (GMT+8) Speaker Room E : Applied Mathematics / Applied Statistics / Others 14:00 – 14:30 Dr. Siti Mariam Norrulashikin 14:30 – 14:45 Mr. Seerla Kanagarajoo a/l Betharajoo 14:45 – 15:00 Dr. Nur Arina Bazilah Kamisan 15:00 – 15:15 Dr. Lay Eng Teoh 15:15 – 15:30 Ms. Tuan Nurul Laiyyinah Tuan Lokman 15:30 – 15:45 Dr. Noraslinda Mohamed Ismail 15:45 – 16:00 Ms. Norul Ahsanah Aulia Mohamad Mahani
2 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) Id Title 086-074 Predicting Annual Electricity Usage in Malaysia: A Comparative Study of Exponential Smoothing, Arima, and Hybrid Models 156-148 Process Tracking For Compliance Using IoT Enabled RFID Technology For Engineering Laboratory 094-082 Does Personal Loan Applications and Approvals Affected by Pandemic Covid-19 065-080 Behavior Modelling of Vulnerable Elderly People with Fuzzy TOPSIS for Flood Evacuation 124-115 Mechanical Properties of Mortar with LowDensity Polyethylene as Sand Replacement and Steel Fibre Additive 094-083 Analysis of the Factors and Prevalence of Computer Vision Syndrome (CVS) Among Mathematics Students in UTM 081-068 Effect on the Application of Occupancy Sensor on Lighting System in Classroom
3LIST OF PRESENTER SECOND DAY: PARALLEL SESSION III –16:00 – 16:15 Dr. Nurulhuda A. Manaf 16:15 – 16:30 Dr. Mohd Syazwan Mohamad Anuar
3 – 27th June 2024 (14:00 pm – 17:00 pm) 158-161 An Automated Tool for Transforming SBVR Model into Alloy Model 164-153 Parameter Estimation for Circular Simultaneous Functional Relationship Model (CSFRM) for the Error Variances Are Not Equal
34 KEYNOTE SPEAKER Prof. Ts. Dr. Muhd ZuAzhan bin Yahya Deputy Vice Chancellor (Student Affairs and Alumni) Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Lithium Vs. Sodium Ion Batteries: Energy Storage of The Future? MZA Yahya Faculty of Defence Science & Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract:Energy storage technologies have been intensively studied in particular for batteries applications. Nowadays, advances in lithium-ion battery (LIB) technology are used in most portable electronic devices and electric vehicles. However, there are increasing concerns regarding to the sustainability of lithium sources due to their limited availability and price increase. Therefore, safer and cheaper sodium-based materials are intensively studied for sodium-ion battery (SIB) applications. As with LIB technologies, there are intense activities in developing new electrode materials to increase the capacity and energy density of these emerging devices. In this presentation, the topics to be discussed include: 1) Recent development of LIB and SIB technologies. 2) Computational methods as an alternative method to study the properties of these LIB and SIB cathode materials; 3) The future directions for batteries technologies.
35 PLENARY SPEAKER SPEAKER Prof. Dato’ Dr. Mohamed Isa Bin Abd Majid Universiti Sains Malaysia Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) for Medical Applications Mohamed Isa Abd Majid, BPharm, PhD National Poisons Centre, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang ABSTRACT Abstract.Currently, the intrinsic qualities of durability and resistance to degradation within conventional plastics have been increasingly regarded as a source of environmental and waste management problems. One solution being proposed to overcome these problems is the development of biodegradable plastic of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) from renewable raw material, such as palm oil. In any industrial-scale PHA production, the carbon source is the primary determinant for the consideration of the raw material to be used in such processed. Accordingly, the selected carbon source should be reasonably cheap as well as enabling a high theoretical yield. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and other biopolymers vary in their behavior and properties, but are useful in medical applications because of their biodegradability. Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4- hydroxybutyrate), P(3HB-co-4HB), as one of the components of bacterial PHA that is naturally occurring as a bacterial energy storage material and has properties such as thermoplasticity, biodegradability and biocompatibility. Thus, it can be an alternative candidate in medical and pharmaceutical applications, such as nanoparticle drug delivery systems. Nanoparticles for drug delivery systems using P(3HB-co-4-HB) are not designed to fuse with regrown tissue, but are intended to both guide to the site of action and degrade when they are no longer required. Among the features which influence the application of PHA in medical application especially for drug delivery systems include the biocompatibility of PHA and the presence of the second monomer within the main polymer of 3-hydroxybutyrate. The notable features on the influence of the copolymer composition of P(3HB-co-4HB) based on a model drug nanoparticle-based formulation system was found to determine the drug loading as well as the toxicity profile from on acute oral toxicity testing on rats which will be presented in the session.
36 PLENARY SPEAKER SPEAKER Prof. Madya Dr. Nor Azwadi Che Sidik Semarak Ilmu Sdn. Bhd. Semarak Ilmu Publishing Dr. Nor Azwadi Che Sidik Semarak Ilmu Sdn. Bhd ABSTRACT Abstract:Semarak Ilmu Publishing started in 2022 as a publisher of two journals in fluid mechanics heat transfer area, now has expanded where more than 50 of our journals are being indexed locally and internationally. Our journals cover various research areas such as social sciences, business, education, management as well as various engineering fields. We have gained trusts from researchers around the globe shown not only in the grown number of article submissions over the years but also in the quality of articles submitted by highly cited researchers.
37 PLENARY SPEAKER SPEAKER Prof. Dr. Imad (Moh’D Khair) Rashid Hamadneh University of Jordan Green synthesis of a YBa2Cu3O7-d Ceramic Superconductor Using The Fruit Extract of Melia azedarach Imad Hamadneh Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Jordan, 11942 Amman, Jordan ABSTRACT Abstract:Plant extracts have gained significant attention as an eco-friendly method to synthesize metal and metal oxide NPs. The products usually consist of single-component metals and are rarely used for polyatomic ceramics. This study highlights the synthesis of YBa2Cu3O7-δ high-temperature superconducting ceramics using Neem fruit extract (Melia azedarach). The formation of metal complexes was recorded and monitored via FTIR as an indication of capping and stabilizing of the metal complexes. The products were calcined at 900 °C for 10 , pelletized, sintered at 920 °C for 20 h under oxygen flow and then cooled to room temperature with a cooling rate of 1 °C/min. XRD confirmed the phase formation of the superconducting phase where the Y123 exceeded 95%. The electrical transport behavior for the prepared Y123 showed metallic behavior with an offset temperature, TC(R = 0) (90 K), in a single step. Using plant extracts for green synthesis is an eco-friendly method that simplifies ceramic synthesis and can be scaled up for bulk and industrial applications.
38 INVITED SPEAKER Tensile Strength and Flexibility Enhancement of Tapioca Starch/Polycaprolactone Blends by An Organoclay Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus1 , Nor Azowa Ibrahim2 and Then Yoon Yee2 1Faculty of Defence Science and Technology/ Centre for Topicalization, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, 57000, Kuala Lumpur. 2Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM, Serdang, Selangor. ABSTRACT Abstract. Starch-polycaprolactone (PCL) blends are expected to be environmentally friendly materials as they are products of mixing two biodegradable polymers. Their performance can be further improved by adding a small quantity of nanoadditive to form nanocomposites. This presentation describes a procedure on how to prepare plasticized tapioca starch (PTS)/polycaprolactone (PCL)/ octadecyl ammonium modified montmorillonite (OMMT) nanocomposites with enhanced tensile strength and flexibility. The OMMT, which was used as a nanoadditive, was obtained by cation exchange reaction of the clay with octadecyl ammonium ion. Meanwhile the PTS was acquired by gelatinizing and plasticizing tapioca starch with water and glycerol respectively in an internal mixer. The PTS/PCL/OMMT nanocomposites were then prepared by blending the PTS, PCL and MMT/OMMT. Characterizations of the products by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) techniques revealed that the nanocomposites produced were of intercalated types. nanocomposites. Transmission electron micrographs revealed that OMMT was better dispersed than that of MMT in the matrix. Significant improvements in tensile strength (> 60%) and elongation at break (> 1000%) were observed by the addition of 1 php of OMMT.
39 INVITED SPEAKER Mathematical Modeling in the Field of Odontology Forensic Identification Sudradjat SUPIAN Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Padjadjaran Jalan Sukarno Km. 21 Jatinangor Sumedang, 45363 West Java, Indonesia ABSTRACT Abstract. Disasters are acute events that occur suddenly and can cause traumatic experiences for the community such as natural disasters such as floods, earthquakes and disasters due to human error such as plane accidents or suicide bombings (Dominici et al. 2005).Based on data from the 2015 World Disaster Report by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, there were 6,311 disasters in 94 countries around the world in 2005-2014 and recorded 839,342 deaths (IFRC 2015). One of the most important needs in disaster response activities is the need to identify Disaster Victim Identification, " Two means of identification can be done, namely primary identification including fingerprints, dental data, DNA, and secondary identification tools such as personal descriptions, medical findings and clothing found on the body. In the identification process, these two methods support one another and complement each other to determine the identity of the victim (Cossio et al. 2012). Fingerprint is one standard that has long been used in the identification process because of its individual, stable, formulated and ante mortem data from fingerprints that are easily obtained, but the weakness of identification with fingerprints is that under certain conditions the identification process cannot be done due to the difficulty to get post mortem data, such as in the condition of damage to the finger which causes the loss of a person's fingerprint pattern permanently or in a corpse that undergoes further decay (Kashyap et al. 2012; Prawestiningtyas & Algozi 2009). This study aims to determine the relationship between fingerprint formulas with other body organs such as palatine rugae fingerprint, lip fingerprint, finger enamel and other organs as dentistry forensic identification. The focus of the discussion on this paper will discuss the mathematical model of palatine rugaeprint and then tested the level of similarity with fingerprints for sample size 100. (Research sample of students class 2010-2016 Deuteromelayu sub-race of Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung). The conclusions of this study is that there is a weak relationship between fingerprints with palatine rugaeprint where the combination of index fingerprint patterns based on Henry's classification and the main form of palatine rugaeprint based on the Martin dos Santos classification that most frequently appears in the Deuteromelayu sub-race is the ulnar loop pattern and curved form.
40 INVITED SPEAKER Magnetic Alloy-Doped Polyaniline Thin Film Based Impedimetric Sensor for Rapid Detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Huda Abdullah and Norshafadzila Mohammad Naim Department of Electrical, Electronic and System Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. The integration of magnetic alloy-doped polyaniline thin films presents a promising avenue, offering unique advantages in sensi0vity for bacterial detec0on especially Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7. The incorpora,on of magne,c alloy such as silver-iron (AgFe), silver-cobalt (AgCo) and silver-nickel (AgNi) nanopar&cles into polyaniline (PANI) matrices introduces multifunctionality, endowing the resulting composite with magnetic properties alongside enhanced conductivity. Magnetic alloy (AgFe, AgCo, AgNi) doped PANI nanocomposite thin films was synthesized from aqueous solution via sol-gel method. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmitiance electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The sensitivity performance of the sensor was analysed from electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to obtain the changes in the impedance before and after the incuba0on with E. coli in water. XRD paterns show a broad band of amorphous PANI and the peaks of Ag, AgFe, AgCo and AgNi located at (111) and (200) Miller indices. From AFM analysis, the surface roughness and grain size of PANI-Ag, PANIAg-Fe, PANI-Ag-Co and PANI-Ag-Ni were obtained. TEM image shows the spherical shape of Ag, Fe, Co and Ni nanoparticles and the sizes of particle were determined. UV-Vis absorbance bands show the maximum intensity is located at wavelength 370 – 470 nm, indicating the surface plasma resonance of Ag, Fe, Co and Ni. EIS analysis showed the presence of E. coli has increased the conductivity of the films. The sensor performance indicates the highest sensi,vity was performed by PANI-Ag-Fe and the lowest sensitivity by PANI-Ag.
41 INVITED SPEAKER Characterization BaFe12-3xCoxCuxZnxO19 samples based on natural iron sand on electrical and magnetic properties as a microwave absorbent material Susilawati1* , Aris Doyan1 , Saprizal Hadisaputra2 , Yana Taryanac , Nanang Sudrajat3 1 Physics Education, FKIP, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram 83125, Indonesia. 2 Chemistry Education, FKIP, University of Mataram, Jl. Majapahit No. 62 Mataram 83125, Indonesia.. 3Research Center for Electronics and Telecommunication, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Abstract.The synthesis of BaFe12-3xCoxCuxZnxO19 has been successfully carried out using the coprecipitation method as a microwave absorbent material. The results of the synthesis were then tested for characterization using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM) and Vector Network Analyzer (VNA). Characterization using the FT-IR tool obtained the peaks of the compounds according to the wave numbers at Ba-O 1.124 cm-1 , Fe-O 542 cm-1 , Co-O, Cu-O and ZnO 469 cm-1 while for the size crystals using a TEM tool whose results are nanoparticle-sized with values obtained from 100 nm to 50 nm. The magnetic properties of the material using the VSM tool show that the sample material is soft magnetic with the best data obtained at a concentration of x = 1.0 at a temperature of T = 1000 0C, namely the values for Ms, Mr and Hc respectively 9.80 emu/g, 26.80 emu/g and 0.0045 T and for the absorption and electrical properties of the material using a VNA device, the results are quite high, namely 99.31% with RL - 21.64 dB. This is because the sample is included in the semiconductor material which is characterized by the conductivity values obtained ranging from 10-3 S/cm to 10-1 S/cm. In accordance with the indicators, the sample has met the criteria to be applied as a microwave absorbing material, namely having a nanoparticle size, being soft magnetic and already included in the semiconductor material.
42 INVITED SPEAKER Stable Dye sensitized solar cells : Tailoring Electrodes and Electrolyte Pramod K Singh Center for Solar Cells & Renewable Energy, Department of Physics, SSBSR, Sharda University 201310, India ABSTRACT Abstract.This paper deals an overview of synthesis, characterization and application of new ionic liquid-doped polymer as electrolyte and a new kind of working electrodes i.e. ternary crystal-based electrode for electrochemical application. In order to meet human demands, tuning of materials, we are not only trying to replace liquid electrolyte by using solid ionic liquid doped polymer electrolyte. Both tuned components certainly fulfil the tailoring properties which is necessary in advancement of materials. Detail results present in this manuscript/presentations shows these new materials may suited for replacement of liquid electrolytes and costly working electrode used in Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC).
43 INVITED SPEAKER Insight into Crystal Structure and Thermal Stability of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium-ion Batteries Mohd Sobri Idris1,2 1Centre of Excellence for Frontier Materials Research, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis 2Dept. of Materials, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis ABSTRACT Abstract. The performance of rechargeable lithium-ion batteries relies heavily on the properties of cathode materials, particularly their crystal structure and thermal stability. This presentation focuses on exploring these factors in three main types of cathode materials: layered, spinel, and olivine structures. We discuss how the structural characteristics influence the electrochemical performance of each type of material and highlight the correlation between their structure and thermal stability. The thermal stability of layered and spinel-structured cathodes is found to be within a range of 800-900°C, beyond which these materials degrade and compromise battery performance. In contrast, olivine-type cathode materials exhibit stable structures up to temperatures as high as 1000°C. Understanding the relationship between crystal structure and thermal stability is crucial for designing advanced cathode materials with improved performance in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries.
44 INVITED SPEAKER Characterization of Polydopamine Crosslinked Tilapia Gelatin-Chitosan Scaffolds in Replacing Mammalian Gelatins for Skin Tissue Application Norhidayu Muhamad Zain1,*, Syazwani Ramli1 , Syafiqah Saidin2 1Academy of Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2 IJN-UTM Cardio Centre, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. The combination of mammalian gelatin and chitosan as scaffolds has been extensively studied for skin healing and has become a better option for skin graft substitutes. However, these mammalian gelatin sources have deficiencies due to the halal status and safety-related concerns. Alternatively, marine gelatins have been utilized as halal substitutes to replace non-halal gelatins. However, marine gelatins suffer major weaknesses by having low denaturation temperature and low stability in aqueous environments. Therefore, other biomaterials such as chitosan and crosslinkers such as polydopamine need to be added to enhance the stability of fish gelatin. This study aims to characterize polydopamine crosslinked tilapia gelatin-chitosan bio-composites (TG-C-Pdop) to replace mammalian gelatins for potential use as biomaterials in skin tissue applications. In this study, the sample fabrication process were done by electrospinning gelatin solutions (20% w/v), gelatin (20% w/v)- chitosan (5% w/v) composite solutions with volume ratio of 8:2 and polydopamine (0.5 ml, 2 mg/ml) crosslinked gelatin (20% w/v)-chitosan (5% w/v) with volume ratio of 8:2. The resulting fibers were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared with Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and water contact angle (WCA). Morphological studies demonstrated that polydopamine crosslinked tilapia gelatin-chitosan composite scaffolds (TG-C-Pdop) possessed a more refined fiber diameter of 0.518 + 0.108 µm compared to other gelatin scaffolds. FTIR-ATR results showed the shift of crystalline bands at 1050- 1200 cm-1 due to the addition of chitosan and polydopamine. TG-C-Pdop scaffold also recorded lower and consistent measurement of water contact angle readings (5 sec: 43.50º, 15 sec: 36.23º, 25 sec: 33.00º) compared to other fabricated scaffolds. In conclusion, polydopamine crosslinked tilapia gelatin-chitosan scaffold has a great potential to replace mammalian gelatins in skin tissue engineering applications.
45 INVITED SPEAKER Material For Microwave Applications: From Sensor To Shielding Nurul Huda Osman1,, Josephine Liew Ying Chyi1 , Muhammad Mahyiddin Ramli2 1 Applied Electromagnetic Laboratory 1, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering (INEE), Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 01000 Kangar, Perlis, Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. Technological advancement has exploited more of the higher frequency regions and opened up new possibilities for utilizing materials, especially in the microwave frequency band. This work explores the properties and application of a few materials at microwave frequencies. This includes work on heavy metal ion sensors using resonance and non-resonance techniques at microwave frequency. Results show that detection can be made at a low concentration of 1 mg/l, and the microwave sensors show higher sensitivity to the presence and changes in metal ions concentration. The change was detected from the transmission coefficient and the shift in the resonance frequency. The suitability of the material for electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding was also investigated based on its electrical conductivity and shielding efficiency. Material such as Copper (II) Selenite (CuSe), Iron (III) oxide (Fe3O4), Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and Fe-doped ZnO (FeZnO) were examined for their suitability. Results show that up to 20 dB (99% EM power shield) of total electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding efficiency was achieved, and it can be increased up to 34 dB (99.9% EM power shield) with the increase in thickness.
46 INVITED SPEAKER Geopolymer Membrane – Photocatalyst Coupling For Textile Wastewater Treatment Zeni Rahmawati Institute Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia ABSTRACT Abstract.The coupling a geopolymer membrane (GM) with photocatalysts, to combine filtration and photodegradation techniques was applied on wastewater treatment and using methylene blue as a model. The GM was prepared through the geopolymerization of metakaolin and alkali activator with pore modification through direct foaming. The photocatalysts (TiO2, ZnO and NiO) were impregnated into the GMs, with loadings 2.5, 5 and 10 wt%. The influence of photocatalyst addition on the characteristics of the membranes was investigated using several techniques (SEM, XRD, FTIR and open porosity determination techniques). Results for methylene blue permeation flux and percentage of rejection inferred the excellent performance of GM-TiO2 compared to the other photocatalysts. The lowest porosity of GM-NiO resulted in the lowest permeation flux with 100% rejection value since the beginning of filtration. Meanwhile, GM-ZnO exhibited moderate results despite having the highest open porosity. In general, the photocatalyst loading influenced the filtration-degradation of methylene blue in a distinctive manner.
47 INVITED SPEAKER Intrinsic Viscosity Behaviour of Lithium Perchlorate in Aqueous Poly (ethylene oxide) Solution at 20.0 °C Hussein Hanibah1*, Nor Zakiah Nor Hashim1 , Intan Juliana Shamsudin2 and Siti Nazira Othman3 1Centre of Foundation Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Dengkil, 43800 Dengkil, Selangor, Malaysia 2Chemistry & Biology Department, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. The viscosity behaviour of liquid polymer electrolytes composed of semi-crystalline polymer and inorganic salt in diluted salt-polymer concentration was studied at 20.0 °C. High molecular weight poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO) (viscosity average molecular weight (Mη) = 300 and 1,000 kg·mol-1 ) denoted as PEO1 and PEO2, respectively, were used in this study. The purified form of PEO was used for further testing in the analysis. The purification of PEO was done by dissolving the polymer in chloroform (CHCl3) (polar solvent) at a concentration of 2 w/w % (weight/weight). After the complete dissolution of the polymer, the reprecipitation method was applied by mixing the polymer solution with n-hexane (non-polar solvent). A series of aqueous PEO solutions with concentration (CPEO) ranges between 1.0 - 4.0 x 10-3 g·cm-3 were prepared. Aqueous electrolytes composed of CPEO and lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) at different PEO and LIClO4 were also studied. The efflux time of LiClO4 in water and all diluted PEO solutions were estimated using a Ubbelohded viscometer at 20.0 °C. The intrinsic viscosity [η] of LiClO4 in water and dilute polymer solution was determined. Afterwards, the Huggins constant of the LiClO4 in water and PEO solution were calculated. The estimated [η] values were plotted from the specific viscosity (ηspec) over solution concentration (C) ((ηspec) /C) versus C of the LiClO4 in aqueous solution is 0.1294 dL g-1 . A decreasing trend of [η] was observed as the PEO concentration increased.
48 INVITED SPEAKER Fluorescent Carbon dots: A Green Approach Using Natural Precursors Ngo Khoa Quang University of Sciences, Hue University, 77 Nguyen Hue, Hue City, Vietnam ABSTRACT Abstract. Within the family of carbon nanomaterials, luminescent carbon particles with sizes below 10 nm - commonly referred to as carbon dots (CDs) - have garnered significant attention from many research groups. These intriguing nanomaterials possess several remarkable features. CDs exhibit all the superior characteristics of traditional semiconductor quantum dots, while maintaining a composition free from heavy metal ions such as Cd2+, Te2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. Over the past decade, researchers have extensively explored CDs due to their unique optical properties. These tiny luminescent particles have been investigated for various applications, including sensing and fluorescent imaging. Notably, efforts have been made to improve synthesis methods, emphasizing environmental friendliness and minimizing chemical usage. Natural raw materials are now considered ideal precursors for synthesizing CDs with tailored properties.
49 INVITED SPEAKER Understanding the influence of pre-calcination temperature on a molybdenumbased catalyst. Femi Oloye University of Pittsburgh , USA ABSTRACT Abstract. Developing new materials are crucial for the growing world and tremendous progress has been made in this regard. However, the properties of materials generated from different labs vary to some degree. Since every step-in catalyst preparation plays a significant role in the performance of the final catalyst, it is important to investigate the effect of precalcination temperature on the activities of catalysts. The temperature monitored varied from 673 K to 973 K and the synthesized catalyst was molybdenum oxide supported sulphated zirconia (MoO3/SZ) catalysts. The research revealed that the BET surface area of the support decreased from 152 to 74 m2 g -1 as the calcination temperature increased. The addition of Mo precursor and subsequent calcination caused a significant reduction in the surface area, whereby the materials initially calcined below 873 K experienced a decrease of over 70%. The diffraction patterns of the support and the supported catalyst were amorphous when calcined at 673 K. In contrast, the support calcined between 823 and 923 K exhibited only a tetragonal phase, while calcination at 973 K resulted in the transformation of the tetragonal phase to monoclinic. The XRD patterns of all catalysts were similar to their respective supports, with minor contributions from molybdenum oxide. The support calcined at 673 K showed no Raman active features due to the zirconia phase but showed low-intensity features after loading of Mo precursor, followed by calcination at 823 K. The catalysts with largely amorphous support exhibited the least activity towards n-heptane hydroisomerization and the highest selectivity to methane. The tetragonal phase of zirconia appears to play a beneficial role in the hydroisomerization of n-heptane using MoO3/SZ catalyst. Thus, pre-calcination of support before loading of active material plays a significant role in the activity of the final catalyst.
50 INVITED SPEAKER Efficiently Quarter Sweep Preconditioner Method For Solving Fractional Diffusion Equation Andang Sunarto1 , Jackel Vui Lung Chew2 , Jumat Sulaiman3 1 Tadris Matematika, UIN Fatmawati Sukarno Bengkulu, Bengkulu 38211, Indonesia 2 Faculty of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Malaysia Sabah Labuan International Campus, Labuan F.T. 87000, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 88400, Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. The present paper investigates the approximate solution of a one-dimensional linear spacefractional diffusion equation using a new preconditioning matrix to develop an efficient half-sweep accelerated overrelaxation iterative method. The proposed method utilizes unconditionally stable implicit finite difference schemes to formulate the discrete approximation equation to the problem. The formulation employs the Caputo fractional derivative to treat the space-fractional derivative in the problem. The paper's focus is to assess the improvement in terms of the convergence rate of the solution obtained by the proposed iterative method. The numerical experiment illustrates the superiority of the proposed method in terms of solution efficiency against one of the existing preconditioned methods, preconditioned accelerated overrelaxation and implicit Euler method. The proposed method reveals the ability to compute the solution with lesser iterations and faster computation time than the Quarter Sweep preconditioned accelerated overrelaxation and implicit Euler method. The method introduced in the paper, quarter-sweep preconditioned accelerated overrelaxation, has the potential to solve a variety of space-fractional diffusion models efficiently. Future investigation will improve the absolute errors of the solutions
51 INVITED SPEAKER Effect of Sintering Temperature on the Dielectric, Impedance and Piezoelectric Properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Sn0.09Zr0.01O3 Ceramics Associate Prof. Ir. Ts. Dr. Rozana Aina Maulat Osman Faculty of Electronic Engineering & Technology, University of Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Ba0.85Ca0.15Ti0.90Sn0.09Zr0.01O3 ceramics were synthesized using the solid-state route and examined across various sintering temperatures (1250 °C, 1350 °C, and 1450 °C). This study investigates how these temperatures affect the ceramics' structure, dielectric properties, piezoelectric properties, and microstructure. Xray diffraction analysis revealed that all samples maintained a tetragonal structure regardless of the sintering temperature. With increasing sintering temperature, both the dielectric constant (εr) and maximum dielectric constant (εmax) increased.Impedance data for the sample sintered at 1450 °C were accurately modeled using an equivalent circuit with parallel R1-C1 and R2-C2 elements, aligning well with SEM observations. For samples sintered below 1450 °C, a constant phase element (CPE) was necessary to fit the R2-C2 elements, indicating suboptimal sintering. This analysis demonstrated that the electrical microstructures were significantly influenced by the ceramic microstructures. Activation energy (Ea) measurements indicated that grain conductivity was higher than grain boundary conductivity, with the highest Ea observed in the sample sintered at the lowest temperature. The piezoelectric properties showed that a smaller grain size resulted in an increased d33 value.
52 INVITED SPEAKER A Rotational Free-Standing Triboelectric Nanogenerator (Rf-Teng) For Wind Energy Harvesting Mohamad Fariz Mohamad Taib Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Conventional wind energy harvested predominantly relies on using electromagnetic induction generators (EMIG), which have been extensively implemented. The invention of the triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has provided a practical approach to generating electricity by harvesting mechanical energy using a principle different from that of EM. The working principle of the TENG is based on the coupling of the triboelectric effect and the electrostatic induction, which is about the applications of nanomaterials and nanotechnology for harvesting mechanical energy for powering micro/nanosystems. TENG can harvest smallscale energy from the ambient nature and surroundings for efficient utilization. Various parameters, like the thickness of the materials and frequency of the energy harvested, influence the generated output. TENG generates and operates at the low frequency of 3.71 Hz with the power of 0.495 mW using 5 MΩ of external load based on the optimized thickness of 0.05 mm of copper and 0.013 mm of PTFE for copper/PTFE tribo-material pair. Looking into the future, TENG can provide energy for powering portable electronics and electrical appliances, which will likely be a parallel technology for the traditional EMIG for power generation.
53 INVITED SPEAKER The Hearts of UM’s Wetlands: Are they Beating Steadily or under Cardiac Arrest? Fathiah Mohamed Zuki Department of Chemical Engineering Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Sustainable and Process Engineering Centre (SPEC) Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. Due to the constantly changing Universiti Malaya population, UM Greenbelt unique history and sustainable mechanisms around the area are becoming more and more relatively unknown. Therefore, a program called “UM Greenbelt Reintroduction Seminar” was held to re-ceremonialize the existence of the area where permanent information board was installed to ensure continuous sharing of the history along with sustainable information-sharing and exhibitions such as Water Quality Index (WQI) of the wetland stream area and their resulting Eco-Heart Index (EHI). This event, which is in collaboration with Water Warriors, JPPHB and second year Chemical Engineering students, was further complemented with UM Greenbelt Clean Up Event where Sungai Pantai was cleaned, water stream was widened and new trees were planted few days before the main event. Water quality monitoring and assessment was done for few years after the wetland stream development. This project is part of the University Malaya Sustainable Development Centre (UMSDC) program with UMCares funding.
54 INVITED SPEAKER A systematic review of the trends thin film characteristics researches as electronic device (2015-2024) Aris Doyan1*, Susilawati1 , Agus Abi Purwoko2 , Ibrahim3 , Sukainil Ahzan4 , Sifaul Gummah4 , Bahtiar5 , Muhammad Ikhsan6 1 Department of Physics Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia. 2 Department of Chemistry Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia. 3 Department of Primary Teacher Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia. 4 Department of Physics Education, Universitas Pendidikan Mataram, Indonesia. 5 Department of Physics Education, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, Indonesia. 6 Department of Primary Information Systems, Diponorogo University, Indonesia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Thin film characteristics are the properties possessed by the thin film, both physical and chemical properties. The characteristics of this thin film are influenced by several factors, namely the material that makes up the thin film, the thin film deposition method, and the conditions of the thin film deposition process. This research aims to identify and analyze research trends in the characteristics of thin films as electronic devices. This research method is descriptive and analytical. The data used in this research was obtained from documents indexed by Google Scholar from 2015-2024 using Publish or Perish and Dimension.ai. Research procedures use PRISMA guidelines. The data identified and analyzed are the type of publication, publication source, and the title of research on thin film synthesis that is widely cited. The data analysis method uses bibliometric analysis assisted by VOSviewer software. The results of the analysis show that the trend of research on the characteristics of thin films as electronic devices indexed by Google Scholar from 2015 to 2024 experienced a fluctuating increase, however, in 2023 there was a decline in the trend of research on the characteristics of thin films as electronic devices. There are many documents in the form of articles, proceedings, book chapters, preprints, and edited books that discuss research into the characteristics of thin films as electronic devices. Key words that are often used in research on the characteristics of thin films as electronic devices are thin film coating, heat transfer characteristic, film characteristic, and photovoltaic characteristic.
55 INVITED SPEAKER 4D-Printing of Functionally Graded nano reinforced Materials and Smart Structures Mohamad Alsaadi1,2,*, Eoin P. Hinchy 2 , Conor T. McCarthy 2 , and Declan M. Devine2,* 1 Centre for Smart Manufacturing, University of Limerick, V94 T9PX Limerick, Ireland 2 PRISM Research Institute, Technological University of the Shannon, Dublin Rd, N37 HD68 Athlone, Ireland ABSTRACT Abstract: 4D printing technology has been receiving essential widespread attention in the industrial giants and academic institutions since it commenced in 2013. 4D printing is a multidisciplinary technique and involves the collaboration of various fields of science, engineering, and technology such as material science, mechanical engineering, data processing, etc. The developments in 4D printing in recent years have enabled researchers to present the capability of manufacturing intelligent components and dynamic structures from smart materials. Several factors such as stimuli, shapes, properties, and functionalities have a wide range of variety and can be controlled to obtain the desirable design and smart structure. with time and space dimensions. 4D printing has a huge potential for several applications in soft robotics, biomedical automotive and aerospace. To achieve the desired changes in functionality, property, and shape challenging efforts from researchers have been carried out to enable the development ofsimulation technology ofthe 4D printed smartstructures.Furthermore, carbonbased nanoparticles have been proven effective for the 3D printing of photocurable resins, considerably enhancing the final properties by incorporating small nanoparticle concentrations. The low interfacial adhesion between the polymer matrix and the reinforcement owing to nonhomogeneous dispersion and nanoparticle aggregations causes a stress concentration weakness. Therefore, photopolymerisation techniques require improving the nanoparticle dispersion when using particulate-filled resins. Several surface modification techniques, such as noncovalent or covalent functionalisation, have been employed to enhance nanoparticle dispersion and handle the agglomeration phenomena. Moreover, noncovalent functionalisation has the essential advantage that it neither destroys the surface of the nanomaterial nor affects its final structure.
56 INVITED SPEAKER First Order Polarization Tensor Error Analysis based on Perturbation Theory A S Suzarina1 , S H Yeak1 , A K Taufiq Khairi1,2, and M H Nurhazirah3 1Department of Mathematical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia. 2UTM Centre of Industrial and Applied Mathematics (UTM CIAM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru, 81310 Johor, Malaysia 3College of Computing, Informatics & Mathematics, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Johor Branch Pasir Gudang Campus, Johor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. Polarization tensor (PT) is an object-based property where PT has been widely used to indicate the shape, size, and orientation of a specific geometry. PT has been applied to various engineering problems, especially in electrical and magnetic areas (determination of objects with different metallic properties). The capability of PT to locate and discriminate the geometry has made it become a popular technique used by researchers nowadays. The paper presents the theoretical foundation of an error analysis based on a specific problem which is the first order polarization tensor (PT) by using linear element numerical integration is presented. The numerical solution of first order PT has an error caused by the approximations used when the computation was made. The error estimation method is crucial to calculate the real-time error rather than the off-time error from the computation made. The derivation and representation of the error for the PT problem are developed from the Taylor series expansion of a function together with the perturbation theory (left perturbation theorem), which previous researchers well developed. From the result obtained, the error when the computation of PT is estimated satisfies the left perturbation theory. The validity of the numerical method proposed can be validated by using the derived error analysis. The key of our analysis is to focus on the relative error in both the data and the computed solution, rather than making standard assessment of error based on norms. Our conclusions do not depend on any condition numbers for the problem.
57 INVITED SPEAKER Magnetism enhanced power conversion efficiency in CZTS doped magnetic 3d transition metals for wearable solar cells device Tahta Amrillah Nanotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia ABSTRACT CZTS is one of very potential compound for solar cells device applications. CZTS has highabsorption coefficient and excellent photoelectric properties which makes them suitable to act as an absorbance layer in CZTS solar cells devices. CZTS compound also made from costeffective, environmentally benign, and low-toxic elements compared to other types of solar cells such as CIGS and perovskite solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of CTSZ solar cells is relatively low. Tremendous development of CZTS solar cells increases exponentially, but none of them really talk about the magnetism induce enhancement of PCE in CZTS solar cells. Here, we discuss the CZTS doped magnetic 3d transition metals to obtain high PCE CZTS solar cells device. According to the primarily results, magnetic 3d transition metals such as Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn could enhance the PCE of CZTS solar cells via applied external magnetic field. The solar cells using CZTS doped magnetic 3d transition metals with large PCE thus could be used to fabricate wearable solar cells device.
58 INVITED SPEAKER Polyvinyl Alcohol Coated Thin Core Optical Fiber with Different Concentrations and Dipping Number for Humidity Sensor Applications N Amri1 , H Zainalibidin S N Supardan1,2 , M. H. Mamat3 and S A Kamil1,2* 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2NANO-SciTech Laboratory, Centre for Functional Materials and Nanotechnology, Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2NANO-Electronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. A polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film-coated single-mode optical fibre was studied, and its capability as a humidity sensor was proven. Different PVA concentrations were used as a coating to investigate the most suitable and high-quality sensors for humidity sensing purposes. The PVA solution was prepared by dissolving 0.28 g, 0.57 g, 0.89 g, and 1.23 g of PVA granules for 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, and 12 wt% concentrations, respectively. By using the dip coating technique, different concentrations of PVA solution were coated on the core of the fibre optics. FESEM was used to obtain the morphology and thickness of the PVA nanofiber layer with concentrations of 3 wt%, 6 wt%, 9 wt%, and 12 wt%. The thickest coating is 12 wt% sample. Higher concentrations of PVA produced higher viscosity of the prepared PVA solution and subsequently caused the coating to become thicker. The performance of the sensor was examined inside the humidity chamber with relative humidity (RH) from 40% to 90%. The sensor with 9 wt% of PVA concentration displayed the highest reading of intensity at 60%RH. On the other hand, the core of the fibre optics has also been coated with different dipping numbers (2, 4, 6 8, and 10 times) to determine the optimum number for sensing performance. The intensity spectrum of coated optical fibers was increased linearly with respect to the dipping number. The optimum sensitivity of optical fiber sensor was found at 90% RH of 10 times dipping number.
59 INVITED SPEAKER Desorption of Some Volatile Organic Compound from Bacterial Cellulose/CNT Nanocomposite under The Influence of DC Voltage N A Halim1 , N S N Sa’aya2 , S Z N Demon1 and H A Tajuddin3 1Center for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 3Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. This work investigates the desorption behaviour of some volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from Bacterial Cellulose-Carbon Nanotube (BC/CNT) nanocomposite under the influence of DC voltage in Pulse Amperometry Detection (PAD). Methanol, ethanol, iso-propanol, and toluene were used representing four types of VOCs with different molecular sizes. The BC/CNT nanocomposites sheets composed of carbon nanotubes and bacterial cellulose nanofibers, served as the electrode. Repeatability plots were generated using PAD measurements, which employed DC voltage from 0.5V to 2.5V on BC/CNT nanocomposites exposed to 50l VOCs in increments of 10l. Mass analysis on the effect of repeated VOCs drops within 30 minutes without and with DC voltage, showed significant change in mass, Δm from 0.74 - 8.9% to 0 - 0.28%, respectively indicate VOCs desorption. Especially for Δm 0% consistent with the 100% baseline current, I recovery during 2.0 - 2.5V PAD measurements. Overall, the increase in the PAD voltage did improve the baseline recovery from 87.5% - 99.8% to 98.3% - 100%, and reduced the desorption time, t for 1 cycle from 330 - 704s down to 242 - 429s. Both in the presence and absence of DC voltage, desorption time shows a positive correlation with the molecular sizes of alcohol groups. FTIR analysis presents intricate VOCs-BC/CNT nanocomposite interactions under the influence of DC voltage. Particularly between -OH and C=C aromatic groups from the VOCs and that of nanocomposite. Comparison with the mass analysis suggests that polarization in BC/CNT nanocomposites caused by DC voltage to some extent affects the functional groups. Without DC voltage, the FTIR spectra exhibits growth in peak intensities that resemble the increasing patterns seen in mass analysis following repeated drops of VOCs. These findings advance our knowledge of BC/CNT nanocomposites that suggest their potential applications as VOC removal and sensing materials.
60 INVITED SPEAKER Predicting Annual Electricity Usage in Malaysia: A Comparative Study of Exponential Smoothing, ARIMA, and Hybrid Models C J Yip1 , and S M Norrulashikin1 1Department of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Electricity serves as the cornerstone of a nation's developmental trajectory. Accurate forecasting of electricity consumption is paramount to avoid both overestimation and underestimation of electricity generation, thereby averting potentially costly ramifications. This study seeks to scrutinize the efficacy of various time series models in forecasting the annual electricity consumption data in Malaysia. Specifically, three prominent time series models—Exponential Smoothing (ES), Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), and a hybrid model combining Exponential Smoothing with Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ES-ARIMA)—are considered for fitting the univariate annual electricity consumption dataset. The dataset encompasses the years 1990 to 2013 as in-sample data, while the years 2014 to 2019 constitute out-sample data. Two classical time series models, ES and ARIMA, are fitted. Subsequently, the residualsfrom the ExponentialSmoothing model are subjected to forecasting using another ARIMA model, thereby constituting the hybrid ES-ARIMA model. Evaluation of the forecasting performance of each model is conducted through metrics such as mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). Analysis of the results reveals that the hybrid ES-ARIMA model emerges as the most effective in forecasting electricity consumption, as evidenced by its attainment of the smallest values for MAPE, RMSE, and MAE.
61 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 002-001 Applied Mathematics Optimizing The Cost Of Transporting Major Petroleum Products Through Pipeline In The Downstream Sector In Nigeria Hamza Mansur Department of Mathematics, Sule Lamido University Kafin Hausa, Jigawa, Nigeria ABSTRACT Abstract. This research work examines the situation in the petroleum downstream sector in order to determine the future demand, and produce an efficient and equitable distribution of three blends of petroleum products. The demand from depots and supply from the refineries will be forecasted using the single exponential smoothening technique and solved using the available software package. The result of the forecast will be used to formulate a mathematical model, to obtain the optimal transportation cost of transporting the products from the refineries to various depots across the nation through pipeline system of transportation.
62 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 008-003 Polymers and Composites Burst Capacity of a Dented Thermoplastic Composite Pipe for Offshore Pipeline Application N R Idris1 , N S Zakaria2 , N A H Jasni1and R A Juzilman 1 1Engineering Department, Group Technical Solutions, Project Delivery & Technology Division, PETRONAS, Malaysia. 2Centre of Excellence, PETRONAS Upstream. ABSTRACT Abstract. The thermoplastic composite pipe (TCP), a spoolable composite pipe that might replace carbon steel (CS) pipelines in corrosive environments, has showed great prospects in the oil and gas industry. Recent research has concentrated on intact spoolable composite pipes, however it is yet unknown how these pipes respond to mechanical defects such as dents. Thus, the purpose of this study is to analyze the burst strength of 6" TCP specimens with dent. A 2-meter length of TCP specimens, dented with cone and wedge indenters which are at varies of dent depths were subjected to a series of short-term bursting experiments and numerical analyses. The dent depth has a significant effect on the burst pressure capability of TCPs for both cone and wedge dents; as dent depth increases, the burst pressure drops. The numerical study reveals that the failure of the dented TCP reinforcing layer under internal pressure loading is determined by leakage caused by tension and in-plane shear of the structural layer under internal pressure. Furthermore, if a ply fibre exceeds its longitudinal tensile failure strain limit, the ply will collapse. To estimate the burst capacity of gouged TCP, numerical and experimental data were combined to establish a quantitative correlation between dent depth and burst pressure. This study can assess the integrity of the dented TCP, such as the remaining burst capacity at different dent depths, thereby improving the integrity management of the in-service TCP, which has yet to be well established.
63 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 003-004 Organic Materials and Applications Raman Spectra Evaluation of Gold Nanoparticles Composite Interaction with Nerve Agent Simulant Siti Zulaikha Ngah Demon1 , Nurul Farhana Abu Kasim2 , Nurul Syahirah Nasuha Saa’ya2 and Norhana Abdul Halim1 1Department of Physics, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. 2Faculty for Defence Science and Technology, National Defence University of Malaysia, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Raman spectroscopies are one of reliable methods to detect chemicals’ presence and traces in environment. In present study, we evaluate sensitivity and selectivity of Raman detection of dimethyl methyl phosphate (DMMP), a colorless organophosphate chemical on selected substrate and environment. The role of AuNPs in providing surface-enhanced Raman scattering signals and graphene oxide as interaction template are discussed in the interest of analyzing various DMMP contaminations. These Raman signature can be used to understand molecules-substrate’s surface interactions that will be beneficial to chemical and optical sensor development. The current system shown feasibility of DMMP sensitivity as low as achieved as 1000 ppm which is already undetectable by typical infrared spectroscopy.
64 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 009-005 Others Green Rural Road Network Elements for Rural Road in Malaysia Nur Ainina Mustafa1 , Vikneswaran Munikanan1,* , Rozana Zakaria2 ,Haffizuddin Syafiq2 1Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National Defence University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai Johor ABSTRACT Abstract. Nowadays, the implementation of green practices has become one of the most favored methods in road construction, given that these vital infrastructure assets have a significant impact on the environment and human well-being. These impacts include alterations to the physical landscape and a negative effect on the quality of life for the surrounding communities. In Malaysia, particularly in rural areas, the networks comprise the largest proportion of roads in the country, making efficient and sustainable rural road networks even more crucial. Therefore, this study aims to identify the elements of green rural road networks that should be considered in the development of rural roads. Moreover, the absence of a specific guideline for green road development in rural areas highlights the need to address this gap through a systematic approach. This study employs five phases of methodology process in order to achieve its objectives. Through an intensive literature review, 32 elements for green rural road networks were identified. These elements were then presented in the form of a questionnaire. A pilot test was conducted involving 53 road experts and practitioners in Malaysia. The respondents were individuals working in the field of Civil Engineering, specializing in road construction and maintenance work in Malaysia. In this study, descriptive analysis was conducted to interpret the demographic data of the respondents and the Cronbach's alpha was used to determine the internal consistency of the green rural road elements. Based on the analysis, 32 elements of green road were finalized based on common core attributes of green rating system and rural characteristics and issues in Malaysia.
65 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 010-006 Biomaterial Pre-treatment of Pb-contaminated dredged marine sediments via electrokinetic technique for improved offshore dumping prospect N S Nordin1 and C-M Chan2* 1,2Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 2Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. Port operators regularly carry out maintenance dredging to ensure safety and trafficability of the navigation channels. Maintenance dredging involves excavating and removing the deposited sediments, often fine-grain soils in slurry form, from the seabed to deepen the water depth. The extracted materials, termed dredged marine sediments, are either transported for offshore dumping or inland disposal in confined facilities. The former is a common practice in most developing countries due to cost and space constraints, inevitably subjecting the marine ecosystem to heightened long term environmental risks. As most marine sediments accrued nearshore are contaminated with heavy metals due to industrial activities upstream, such as lead (Pb), it is imperative that the dredged sediments are pre-treated prior to disposal offshore. Compounding the relocation issues are the poor engineering properties of the sediments, i.e. high water content, low shear strength and excessive compressibility. A potentially effective pre-treatment method is the electrokinetic (EK) remediation technique, which primary aim is to affect the migration of subsurface contaminants with an imposed electric field. This paper presents a lab-based investigation of the EK method using a transparent acrylic cell of 15 mm thick walls all round. The cell comprised of 3 compartments, i.e., the specimen cell in the middle and the electrolyte reservoir on both ends respectively, with perforated walls separating each compartment. The internal dimensions for the specimen cell and electrolyte reservoirs were 278 × 165 × 413 mm and 40 × 165 × 413 mm, respectively. Each reservoir contains 1000 ml of catholyte or anolyte. Stainless steel electrodes were installed as both anode and cathode. 4 experimental setups with different anode and cathode enhancing agents were introduced, namely as EK0 (DW - DW) with deionized water, EK1 (DW – C6H8O7 ) with citric acid 0.1 M, EK2 (CaCl2 - DW) with calcium chloride 1.0 M, and EK3 (CaCl2 - C6H8O7 ) with both the enhancing agents. The EK medium of Pb-spiked dredged sediments was divided into 3 equal sections in the specimen cell, labeled S1 (near the anode area), S2 (in the middle), and S3 (near the cathode area). Upon completion of the 14-day EK treatment, samples from each section in the specimen cell were retrieved for geo-chemical analysis. It was found that the moisture content, Pb concentration and pH were higher in the cathode region for all cases. Higher moisture contents were caused by electro-osmosis with migration of water molecules towards the cathode, while the anode region dried up and effected consolidation of the sediments. As the sorption and retardation of Pb+ was pH-dependent, the medium’s lowered pH induced a positive charge of Pb + via electromigration towards the cathode. The low pH was mainly attributed electrolysis, where the migration of H + ions resulted in acidification near the anode, and the reaction of cations with OHions produced precipitated species at the cathode. All in all, the EK treatment proved to be efficacious in the heavy metal removal, simultaneously improving the sediments’ inherent poor engineering properties, facilitating an improved outlook for the geowaste’s offshore dumping.
66 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 010-007 Biomaterial Solidification / Stabilisation of Pb-contaminated dredged marine sediments for reuse in engineered backfills C-M Chan1*and N S Nordin2 1,2Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia. 1Research Centre for Soft Soils (RECESS), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia. ABSTRACT Abstract. The disposal of dredged marine sediments offshore is inevitably unfavourable to preserve the integrity of marine biodiversity and ecosystem. To mitigate the contamination and bio-disruption issues associated with ocean dumping, as well as to optimize the storage capacity of inland confined disposal facilities, dredged sediments ought to be subjected to rigorous reusability assessment. This is however often impeded by heavy metal contamination of the nearshore deposits. Therefore the prior treatment of contaminated dredged marine sediments is deemed imperative, such as effected by solidification/stabilization (S/S). The pre-treatment would enable the sediments to be reused in engineered backfills, such as for eroded coastline restoration and reclamation works. The present work explores the efficacy of S/S technique on a dredged sample from Malaysian waters, with artificially induced lead (Pb) contamination and cement treatment, to both entrap the contaminants, as well as to improve the engineering properties of strength and stiffness. As the natural water content of marine sediments was excessively high (3.36 LL, Liquid Limit of the soil), increasing the cement amount is impractical. As such, coarse sand of 2.0 – 2.36 mm was used as a skeleton material to augment the solidification effect of the sediments. The dredged soil was admixed with cement of low to high dosages (1-40 %) to examine the entire spectrum of cementation effect. The mixture paste was next transferred to the respective receptacles of measuring devices for periodic monitoring, i.e. shear strength, 1D compressibility, pH and lead leachability. Strength-wise, hydration and pozzolanic reactions of cement combined with the sand’s skeletal scaffolding led to the weak soil’s solidification, where the highest Su = 84 kPa was recorded for sample 30c75s, rendering it a medium to stiff soil suitable for load-bearing. Settlement was noted to be significantly reduced via the S/S process, with most samples fulfilling the permissible settlement of 5.5% per JKR’s stipulation of ≤250 mm subsidence for a 4.5 m high embankment. Consolidation rate was also aided by the sand skeleton, which simultaneously lowered the void ratio as cementitious gel filled in the particulate gaps within the clay-sand matrix. Besides, the overall reduced specific surface and inherent voids decreased the sorption reaction, resulting in an increase in TCLP-Pb despite the alkaline front of the mixture with pH range of 11-13. Nonetheless, the Pb levels were all in compliance with the limit set by United States Environment Protection Agency (USEPA), i.e. below 5 mg/l. In a nutshell, the combination of ≥30% cement + ≤75% sand was ascertained for S/S to transform the dredged sediments into safe, reusable form for reclamation works, fulfilling both the engineering and environmental safety requirements.
67 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 012-008 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Development of gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric aptasensor for rapid detection of malathion using a smartphone M I Ariffin1 , N Abdullah2 , M J Osman2 , N L A Jamari2 , K K Ong2 , 3*, J I Abd Rashid 2,4, W M Z Wan Yunus 1,4, N A Zulkifli 2, S A Mohd Noor 2,4, V F Knight3 , S T Ten5 , M N F Norrrahim3 1Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur 2Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Centre for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Centre for Tropicalisation, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 5Engineering Research Center, Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development Institute (MARDI), 43400 Serdang, Selangor ABSTRACT Abstract. Malathion (MLT) is an organophosphate (OP) insecticide which commonly used in agriculture field to keep plants healthy. Extensive usage and high exposure to MLT could cause detrimental effects on humans. Therefore, on-site detection is very important to monitor its residues in the environment. In this study, a rapid and simple colorimetric aptasensor that integrated with a smartphone for MLT detection was explored. The detection was based on color change after addition of MLT into a sensing solution which consists of citrate-capped gold nanoparticles (cit-AuNPs) and thiolated DNA aptamer. Image of the solution was processed and reported as red, green blue (RGB) values. The calibration curve demonstrates high correlation between response of the colorimetric aptasensor and concentration of MLT. The colorimetric aptasensor demonstrates a low detection limit (at pM level). Hence, this developed method could be used as a promising sensor for easy and rapid detection of MLT insecticide.
68 PRESENTER IConMAS 2024: 013-009 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Impact of High Temperature Thermal Reduction on Reduced Graphene Oxide Surface Morphology, Crystallinity, and Microstructure Balarabe Elyaqub1,2 , Mohd Haniff Wahid1* , Abdul Halim Abdullah1 , Wan Azlina Wan Ab Kari m Ghani3 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Nigerian Defence Academy, Kaduna State, Nigeria 3 Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia ABSTRACT Abstract. This paper discusses the impact of thermal treatment on the surface morphology, crystallinity and microstructure of graphene oxide. Graphene oxide was produced through Hummers method which is one of the most common methods of synthesis of graphene oxide. Once this graphene oxide is subjected to thermal treatment, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is produced. The as synthesized rGO was reduced via thermal treatment through a range of temperature (300oC-800oC) at a holding time of two hours under N2 atmosphere in a tubular furnace. The effects of heat treatment on the crystallinity, microstructure, surface morphology and surface area as well as on the reduction of the oxygen containing functional groups were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and Brunauer Emmett teller (BET) surface area analysis.