HOW PRIVATE IS PRIVATE They like you OR want to hire you OR tell you you’re hired — without giving you a written, signed offer that includes full details about the job, the title, the pay, and benefits OR situations? Run. Chat is not the best channel for an interview because it may put you at risk of being scammed, but it also may not allow you the opportunity to truly showcase your skills and abilities for the employer to evaluate. You have a wealth of experience from which to draw upon and you should be afforded the opportunity to share that with the employer to have the best possible chance of securing the job. If an employer objects, you should heed caution and use your discretion. Protect yourself from chat interview scams by doing sample research. The more you know about the companies that contact you about doing an interview, the better prepared you will be to tackle any red flags head-on. YOUR INTERVIEWER ASKS PERSONAL QUESTIONS. An interview should be objective, not emotional, and your interviewer shouldn’t blather on about her personal life, or probe about yours. You’re there to talk about the business questions, not how you spent your weekend. Ask your own questions! Some people hesitate to ask questions prior to an interview out of fear that the employer will become annoyed and change their mind about conducting the interview. However, a reputable employer will get your questions answered sufficiently and may even understand that your questions are a demonstration of your keen interest in the role. In contrast, if you are dealing with a scammer on the other end of the chat, then questions will deter them from pursuing you. 47
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Do your homework Do your homework before the interviews. Check LinkedIn to see what friends of friends you may know at a given company or organization, and read up. Is your interviewer late, or asking personal questions? Why can’t anyone describe the job you’re applying for? What would success look like in this role? YES, you might want to rethink that offer. One-sided interviews Does the interviewer spend the entire meeting talking about the business without ever asking you good, relevant questions to assess your skills and abilities? And hides behind a video chat. Unfortunately, fake video, while presenting significant barriers to manipulation, and currently enjoying its status as too difficult to fake for most people to bother, isn’t far behind and recent developments such as Face2Face show just how astonishing the results can be. Combined with the techniques found in Voco, changing the dialogue in video projects in a post could become routine. In offline interactions, we need to disclose information about ourselves in order to build trust with other people. When we move online, there are differences: companies need to be involved in order to facilitate online interaction, and they need to retain information about us to do this. These companies have a duty of care to protect our privacy, but our information can be at risk of accidental data loss or malicious attacks. To clarify the origin of cyber risks, the main threats to Switzerland are described. It should be noted that the threats are developing very dynamically. The most important drivers are digitalization, which is making our society and economy increasingly vulnerable to disruptions and failures of ICT systems, as well as the intensified threat situation due to the observed professionalization of attackers and the expansion of power politics into cyberspace. Current status of protection against cyber risks in Switzerland The basis for the work to date was the first NCS, which was adopted in 2012 and implemented 48
HOW PRIVATE IS PRIVATE by the end of 2017. However the strategic context of the NCS must also be taken into account. Various strategies of the federal government have a direct influence on how Switzerland protects itself against cyber risks and thus establishes the framework for further work. The federal government builds up a pool of experts on standardization questions relating to cyber security. The pool of experts advises regulators on the development and implementation of topic-specific standards, regulations, and guidelines. Where necessary, the pool of experts supports the cantons, monitors international developments relating to standardization and regulation, and communicates with the private sector in this regard. By doing so, the pool of experts contributes to a coordinated approach in line with international developments. The Internet is a huge part of many people’s everyday lives. It’s fun, useful, and informative, but can also be dangerous. It’s like a ‘knock knock’ Joke in that you have a set-up line response sort of thing like this: 1. ‘I started a new business 2. ‘Oh yeah? What business are you in’ 3. ‘The Rollercoaster business’ 2. ‘And how’s business?’ 1. ‘it has its ups and downs Or 1. ‘I started a new business 2. ‘Oh yeah? What business are you in’ 1. ‘The Welsh Dictionary business’ 2. ‘And how’s business?’ 1. ‘The R’s are long’’ Just any sort of silly stupid pun or spin you can put on it, with kudos for the most ludicrous convoluted businesses. 49
12 Housing is a right, not a commodity Increasingly viewed as a commodity, housing is most importantly a human right. Under international law, to be adequately housed means having secure tenure—not having to worry about being evicted or having your home or lands taken away. It means living somewhere that is in keeping with your culture and having access to appropriate services, schools, and employment. Too often violations of the right to housing occur with impunity. In part, this is because, at the domestic level, housing is rarely treated as a human right. The key to ensuring adequate housing is the implementation of this human right through appropriate government policy and programs. Switzerland does not have a national or cantonal policy for the provision of affordable, so-called social housing, as exists in many other European countries. Finding appropriate housing is thus left to the people themselves and depends on local programs and options in cities and communes where the housing market is tight. ‘Switzerland is a country of tenants’ – as the saying goes. The Swiss housing market is largely rental in nature. It has the lowest rate of home ownership in Europe. This is due to high land prices and construction costs, and the absence of publicly-supported saving schemes for future homeowners. The rate of owneroccupancy has climbed continuously in recent decades and now stands at 38%, with less than this in cities. This is notably due to record low mortgage 50
HOUSING IS A RIGHT, NOT A COMMODITY rates which, in turn, have led to a sharp increase in condominium ownership. As shown above, the market situation and the challenges vary from region to region, which is why not all Swiss cantons pursue housing policies with the same intensity. Cantons like Zurich and Geneva have a long tradition of promoting housing construction, while others have only recently been implementing their own programs or still have no involvement at all. Cities and communes have even greater market proximity. Not only do they know the needs of their inhabitants and the characteristics of the local housing market, but they also have long-standing relationships with many of the landowners. In the large urban centers, but in smaller localities too, sharply rising land and housing prices can lead to a form of homogenization or ‘ghettoization’ in favor of a particular demographic group, and jeopardize community life in the long term. Cities and communes affected by this phenomenon are taking action to ensure that low to medium-income families and individuals also have access to an adequate level of housing. Their strategies include filling gaps in the housing market, either directly or indirectly through the sale of land to suitable housebuilders at favorable prices, allocating grants to economically weak households in order to cover the cost of rental payments, as well as using construction and planning legislation to stipulate what types of new housing are allowed in specific zones and how much these new builds should cost. Since 2013, the Confederation, cantons, and cities have been coordinating measures in order to prevent them from producing duplicates. Housing needs to be an important cross-cutting topic on the agenda at all three levels of the state. A number of state and non-state housing assistance programs exist providing for disadvantaged groups, above all in the larger cities of Zurich, Berne, Basel, Lausanne, Biel, and regions such as Lake Geneva with overstretched housing markets. The aim of these programs is, by means of various non-monetary or mixed non-financial and financial assistance measures, to arrange and/or lastingly secure appropriate living space for socially or economically disadvantaged persons. These include assistance in looking for an apartment or achieving residential integration, preventative steps to retain accommodation by forestalling notices to quit or compulsory evictions, 51
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. as well as offers of sheltered and supervised housing. This ever-growing need is a problem that has also been increasingly recognized by city and local authorities. The success of the services that an organization is able to offer is based on the constant expansion and intensive nurturing of a network of local housing providers, the public sector, and other participants in local social and health systems. Other partners that are becoming increasingly important are both larger, professionally-managed housing cooperatives, as well as younger, newly-founded ones cultivating open and tolerant values, as mirrored in modes of living integration. Housing is the basis of stability and security for an individual or family. The centre of our social, emotional, and sometimes economic lives, a home should be a sanctuary—a place to live in peace, security, and dignity. Adequate housing was recognized as part of the right to an adequate standard of living in article 25 of the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights and in article 11.1 of the 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Other international human rights treaties have since recognized or referred to the right to adequate housing or some elements of it, such as the protection of one’s home and privacy. Housing is not adequate if its occupants do not have a degree of tenure security which guarantees legal protection against forced evictions, harassment, and other threats. Housing is not adequate if it does not guarantee physical safety or provide adequate space, as well as protection against cold, damp, heat, rain, wind, and other threats to health and structural hazards. • Housing is not adequate if it is cut off from employment opportunities, health-care services, schools, childcare centers, and other social facilities, or if located in polluted or dangerous areas. • Cultural adequacy: Housing is not adequate if it does not respect and take into account the expression of cultural identity. 52
13 Talk Radio Intro: [You’re listening to the best ] (Duration) Cue DJ: “Hello and welcome to the Maryna Hrabar live show. First up is a song Immigrant Song by Led Zeppelin” (Duration) (Artist Notes: Have some facts prepared about the songs/artists that you are playing, and you can use them if you want while on-air. Having facts prepared, but not scripted, gives you the necessary freedom.) Cue track: It is a way of understanding the world through stories of gods. In Norse mythology, which Plant references in “Immigrant Song,” there is the thunder-god Thor and other beings you’ve likely vaguely heard of. There is also the concept of Valhalla, where the god Odin rules. Half of those who die in battle go to Valhalla. Of course, the belief system is much more complicated, but that’s the source text from which Plant gets his concepts for this 1970 hit. Sings Plant, as if on a battleship preparing his fellow troops for war, We come from the land of ice and snow From the midnight sun where the hot springs flow The hammer of the gods (Duration) Cue DJ: “In the summer of 1970, the band wrote the song while touring Iceland, Bath (England), and Germany. The group’s string of shows began in Reykjavik, Iceland, of which Plant said in the 1994 book, Led Zeppelin, “We weren’t being pompous … We did come 53
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. from the land of the ice and snow. We were guests of the Icelandic Government on a cultural mission.” (Duration) (News, Story, Gossip Notes: Have some facts prepared about the stories that you are talking about, and you can use them if you want while on-air. Having facts prepared, but not scripted, gives you the necessary freedom.) End of segment. Cue DJ: “Coming up next, The Song, Itself. With bashing percussion, the song hinges on the repetitive guitar riff for Jimmy Page. It’s a heartbeat, a collective one. It belongs to the soldiers. It’s also their feet running over land, axes above their hands. Then Plant’s voice comes in like a war cry, a battalion of banshees.” (Duration) Cue track: [Insert song details and start song] (Duration) End segment. Cue DJ: “Well, that’s the end of our live hour. Thanks so much for tuning in; we’ve got [Next scheduled event] coming up next.” (Duration) Outro: [Speech outro or jingle] (Duration) Talk Radio Script Intro: [Jingle or speech introduction] (Duration) Cue DJ: “Hello and welcome to the Maryna Hrabar live show. First up is a story about Room for rent.” (Duration) Maryna Hrabar: I am not an exhibitionist and I am sure the people do not want to see me walking around my bedroom seminude or worse. I asked our superintendent to speak to them about the situation, but he never heard back. How do we fix this? My Neighbors Can See Into My Bedroom. What Can I Do? Cue DJ: But you can solve this problem. If you are worried that your neighbors can see you in an intimate setting, make the space more private. You mentioned that the light fixture is bright and garish. Use this as an opportunity to block their eye. 54
TALK RADIO Maryna Hrabar: Whoever said that rules were meant to be broken clearly never lived with someone in a small space. While creating some ground rules is always a good idea, it becomes all the more important when you’re living in small quarters. After all, it’s not like you can go to another room if your roommate is blasting music late at night. When you live with anyone—small space or not—conflict is inevitable. Instead of burying your feelings, address any frustrations head-on with clear, open communication. “It’s important to keep an open line of communication between you and your roommate to prevent any negative feelings or negative tension in the household,” says Maryna Hrabar. Cue DJ: But as New York City’s “micro-apartment” project inches closer to reality, experts warn that micro-living may not be the urban panacea we’ve been waiting for. For some residents, the potential health risks and crowding challenges might outweigh the benefits of affordable housing. And while the Bloomberg administration hails the tiny spaces as a “milestone for new housing models,” critics question whether relaxing zoning rules and experimenting with microdesign on public land will effectively address New York’s apartment supply problem in the long run. What accommodation options does Switzerland offer for refugees from Ukraine? Maryna Hrabar: The federal government, cantons, communes, and private initiatives are working together to deal with the challenging task of accommodating refugees from Ukraine. Cantons: Registered refugees are allocated to the cantons in proportion to the size of their population. SEM compensates the cantons with a global lump sum of around CHF 1,500 per person per month (including health insurance premiums). Cue DJ: But it’s a fine sum to rent a nice apartment or room in the inexpensive canton of Fribourg, take language courses, and have health insurance. So how come you are living in 6 squares with a stranger, living in an apartment with a bunch of strangers? Where the bathroom and toilet are combined and you don’t even have a desk. Do you want to make more money? What is the length of 55
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. your tenancy agreement? Maryna Hrabar: My posh apartment was picked up by my ORS fans. I get 395 francs a month or less for food like everyone else in my canton. I have no linguistic coursework and no health insurance. Where does the money go? They say we can’t pick our family, but most of the time, we also can’t choose our neighbors, and those are two groups of people we spend a lot of our time near. Cue DJ: What are the prison cells like in correctional facilities in Switzerland? Maryna Hrabar: The minimum area of the room is 12 square meters. Of these, 10 “squares” are for the living area and 2 “squares” are for the bathroom (sink and toilet). What is there in the cell? Standards are beds, a chair, a table, shelves for personal belongings, and a small closet. TV sets for rent are also placed in the cell. As a tribute to modernity, even computers are sometimes installed in the cells. Of course, with limitations. Only a keyboard and monitor are located in the camera. The server is located separately, and all transactions made by prisoners are carefully checked. It is important to note the fact that 90% of the cells are single cells. Prisoners have the opportunity to learn a new profession and improve their skills. Moreover, such training is equal to work and is also paid. Cue DJ: So you have not committed a crime, but in the canton of Fribourg you are in conditions worse than a prisoner. Maryna Hrabar: Yes, that’s true. I’ve raised issues with the international service company ORS. Basic human decency. But all they think about is money. For example, a Swiss MP took Ukrainian refugees to court because of low social payments. In the canton of Lucerne, financial aid is twice as low as in other regions of the country. It is the same story in my canton of Fribourg. “These payments are too low, and it doesn’t matter whether we are talking about refugees from Ukraine or from other countries. Social assistance in 56
TALK RADIO Lucerne is so low that a decent life on this money is impossible. And this contradicts federal legislation and the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights,” explained local MP Urban Frey, who represents the interests of Ukrainians in court. For example, in the canton of Basel, payments to refugees are almost twice as high. “Such differences between cantons cannot be explained. Life in Basel is not twice as expensive as in Lucerne. Yogurt in the supermarket costs the same everywhere,” says the MP. The cantons receive from the federal budget about 550 francs per month for each refugee. In Lucerne, however, Ukrainians are paid an average of 350 francs a month. In the canton of Fribourg 395 francs per month. But they can get less. The Swiss deputy says he is ready to go all the way to the Federal Court in Lausanne and, if necessary, to the European Court of Human Rights. At the same time, the canton authorities do not want to comment on the court proceedings. “We are exactly in the process of revising approaches in the field of financial support for refugees. It is quite clear that refugees must be given the opportunity to live in dignity. The accusations that Lucerne is allegedly misappropriating federal funds are false. Not only the monthly payments but also the other costs associated with caring for these people must be taken into account,” replied Guido Graf, Minister of the Government of the Canton of Lucerne. As we know from the court records, the social management did not come up with what the money was spent on. There are no lawyers, deputies, or leaders in my canton. There are grey masses who work illegally, have businesses, and don’t want to settle issues with anyone. Cue DJ: And your roommate, who is she? Maryna Hrabar: As fun as it sounds, I’m on a reality show. “Room for rent”. I hope you remember the main character. She had access to all my documents, constantly creating surrealism. What do you want? She’s a former nurse at a Ukrainian psychiatric hospital. There are no good people working there. There are suicide bombers there who are sold for extra meters in an apartment. 57
14 Organized crime The introduction of my story begins with a short review of the definition used for transnational organized crime. This is particularly important as it sets the scene for a more detailed discussion of the criminal groups. In fact, organized crime is both more diverse and more complicated than popular portrayals would have us believe. This is due to its universality and the kinds of people who commit it. Keywords like “mafia,” “mob”, “syndicate”, “gang”, and “outfit’ are often used to characterize it, but the precise meaning of these terms is often lost in discussions of the “appearances” and “earmarks” of organized crime. A general definition of organized crime was attempted by criminologist Frank Hagan who found that definitions had been offered by 13 different authors in books and government reports about organized crime. The consensus of investigators focuses on four primary elements: a continuing organization that operates rationally for profit, use of force or threats, and the need for corruption to maintain immunity from law enforcement. There is considerably less consensus about public demand for the service, monopoly control, restrictions on membership, ideology, specialization, secrecy, and the extent of planning. Some countries have decided that groups with two or three members are the smallest groups to be considered organized crime. Groups as small as two 58
ORGANIZED CRIME appear quite often, and many larger organized crime groups are dominated by a strong leader with many interchangeable subordinates. Organized crime is a continuing criminal enterprise that rationally works to profit from illicit activities. Its continuing existence is maintained through the use of force, threats, and/or the corruption of public officials. Accordingly, the perpetrators of organized crimemay include corrupt business executives, members of the professions, public officials, or members of any other occupational group, in addition to the conventional racketeer element. It was September 2000 when Ukrainian journalist Heorhiy Gongadze disappeared after writing articles alleging corruption and links to organized crime by Ukrainian government officials. His headless corpse was found near Kyiv four months later. A protracted, and still unsolved, investigation ensued with allegations of direct involvement by the president of Ukraine and alleged links to organized crime figures, who may not have been happy with accusations in the press of crime and corruption. In an unrelated case, six illegal immigrants were found dumped on the side of the road in Foggia, Italy. They were believed to have suffocated to death in a truck and were discarded there. Police believed these were only some of the hundreds of illegal immigrants from Eastern Europe and Asia who land on the shores of Italy looking for a better life in Europe. In Arizona, 14 illegal immigrants from Mexico died five days after being abandoned by smugglers in the heat of the desert. Several others managed to survive the 115-degree heat and were hospitalized. These were among more than 100 deaths from exposure in the Arizona desert by illegal immigrants in less than a year. What’s the Connection? These incidents of murder, human smuggling, and drug trafficking are typical of how we learn about organized crime: illegal immigrants are arrested, bodies are discovered, or a drug courier is arrested by police. We usually discover the crime at the “street” level, long after the planning, conspiracy, and organization have occurred that made the crime possible. - Is the body, person, or suspect really connected to organized crime, or is it simply an individual law violation occurring apart from a larger criminal 59
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. enterprise? • How does a particular incident fit into the larger picture of organized crime in the area does it compare in seriousness and risk to other types of organized crime activity in that jurisdiction? Population and Migrants Service. Fribourg, Switzerland The SPoMi Population and Migrants Service implements foreign’ police regulations regulating the entry, stay, and activity of foreign nationals. It processes requests from Swiss citizens for the issuance of passports and identity cards. Foreign nationals : To enable the capture of your personal or biometric data. Hence, it becomes important to put effort into providing legal protection for migrants’ rights in advertising. Advertising and information signs in buildings are one of the types of indoor advertising. Classic German: Angela Merkel arrives at passport Control at Paris airport. -“Nationality?” asks the immigration officer. -“German,” she replies. -“Occupation?” -“No, just here for a few days.” Undocumented Immigrants Jokes • My computer auto-corrected “i**… immigrant” to “undocumented person.” It’s a PC PC. • Where do undocumented immigrants go to the bathroom? In a deport-ap**…. 60
ORGANIZED CRIME Population and Migrants Service. Fribourg, Switzerland 61
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Emotional blackmail occurs when someone uses information, often secrets, to manipulate another person. 62
ORGANIZED CRIME One example is the blackmail email scam, in which scammers claim that your corporate, personal, or health information has been found leaked in a data breach. The sender threatens to send pictures, videos, or sensitive information to all of your contacts unless you pay them money. These blackmail … 63
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. So the announcement says that a criminal group is operating in the canton of Fribourg. They are extorting money, otherwise, a migrant who does not pay the extortionists will be deported very quickly. In this case, the Swiss migrant agency SEM says you don’t have to pay. Inform the social services or SEM. There are reasonable questions as to why the crime should not be reported to the police. If they know who it is, why they have not caught it? And where do the criminals get their information and personal details from? And why do they threaten immediate deportation? Who would believe and give money without a reason? And if there are grounds, then how? Establishing a connection to organized crime, and ranking the relative seriousness of the problem for longer-term investigation and targeting purposes, are difficult problems that rarely are addressed in a systematic fashion. A method to answer the second question of comparative risk is proposed here, but the first question also requires attention. Making the connection from a single incident to a larger criminal conspiracy has never been easy. How are police expected to make these connections when crimes like these occur with regularity with offenders often crossing jurisdictional boundaries? There are three ways we learn about most crimes: the accounts of offenders, victims, and police agencies. By using a combination of these three sources of information, the link between isolated criminal activity and organized crime can be established. Using known offenders for information and as informants to investigate criminal conspiracies is a common police strategy in most countries. Informants are the most cost-effective investigative tool in organized crime cases. The typical informant is a criminal who chooses to cooperate with the police in exchange for a reduced charge, sentence, or immunity from prosecution. But this is not always the case. Sometimes honest people simply wish to report wrongdoing. Both criminal and non-criminal informants desire anonymity in order to protect their safety. 64
ORGANIZED CRIME U.S. courts have generally held that the government is entitled to keep secret an informant’s identity who has provided information about a possible law violation. This is called the “informer’s privilege.” The privilege is not absolute, however, and can be overcome if the defense can show it is crucial to the defendant’s case. The legal status and protection of informants varies widely around the world. How is “informer‘s privilege” and keeping secret in Switzerland? The information obtained from an informant is used to investigate more serious criminality. There is usually little expense involved with informants unless the informant is paid for the information or is placed under government protection. In addition, informers can provide information that would require months of undercover investigation to obtain. The low cost of informants is offset to some degree by problems of reliability and credibility. A number of the “mob trials” that occurred in the United States during the 1980s and 1990s resulted in acquittals because juries did not believe the testimony of government informants. A journalist reported after one of these acquittals, “The last piece of evidence requested by the jury for re-examination was a chart introduced by the defense that showed the criminal backgrounds of seven prosecution witnesses. It listed 69 crimes, including murder, drug possession and sales, and kidnapping.” Undercover investigations are not employed very often in organized crime cases due to the length of time required to gain acceptance and access to information about criminal organizations. The constant danger to the undercover oficer if his or her identity was discovered also makes these investigations risky. A well-known undercover success is Joe Pistone, who worked undercover as “Donnie Brasco” inside the Bonanno crime group in New York for six years. His work resulted in more than 100 convictions of organized crime figures. Other undercover agents have also produced significant cases over the years. Pistone’s case also illustrates the risks of undercover work. Portable communications technology has made it easier to plan crimes by telephone or e-mail. Most governments require some level of proof, like probable cause, before police can eavesdrop on these conversations. Therefore, both physical 65
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. and electronic surveillance need some reliable information in advance about planned criminal activity in order to be successful. This advanced information comes from informants and sometimes from victims. Victim Information Victims of organized crime have been underutilized in making criminal cases. In addition to helping solve crimes, victims can provide information about the nature and circumstances of crimes, which can then be used to anticipate and prevent future incidents. Researchers can be a useful resource for interviewing victims and organizing the information they possess. Ukrainian researcher Vladimir Tulyakov interviewed business owners in Odessa, a port city on the Black Sea. He discovered that extortion of business owners was common, and given the weak condition of Ukraine’s government, most extortion attempts were carried out by “legitimate” regulatory inspectors as a way to supplement their government salary. He found that business victimization there had changed “from mass criminal extortion to mass legalized extortion by abuse of power” of government inspectors and their agencies. The rich context offered in these interviews with victimized businesses provides information often not known to police or to policymakers, because most of these crimes are never reported to police. Also, crimes occurring in new ethnic communities or in foreign languages are difficult for police to investigate and often receive little public or media attention despite their seriousness. These studies demonstrate that researchers and academics can be used effectively to gather information that can help inform and design interdiction and prevention efforts. New York State was held liable for the deaths of two businessmen in the garbage hauling industry when the state Organized Crime Task Force failed to keep its promise to protect them in return for their testimony against competitors linked to organized crime. Police Information The potential utility of connecting arrest information with gang or group involvement is illustrated by Alexander Yarmish and his colleagues who examined trends in the proportion of crimes committed by organized crime groups in Ukraine. Using government reports, they found the share of crime 66
ORGANIZED CRIME committed by groups increased from 0.7 percent to 1.7 percent between 1995 and 1999. Most groups (95 percent) consisted of 10 or fewer members, with the typical group consisting of between 4 and 10 members. The scope of the operations of these groups was largely restricted to one city or district (56 percent), with far fewer having known international links (4 percent). Using both government-collected information and interviews with offenders in prison, the Yarmish study also provided detailed information about the nationalities, age, education, and employment status of offenders involved in organized crime groups-information useful to both police and government officials to establish law enforcement targets and future law and policy. Types of Organized Crime The provision of illicit services involves an attempt to satisfy the public demand for money, sex, and gambling that legitimate society does not fulfill. The specific crimes involved include: loansharking, prostitution, and gambling. Loansharking is the lending of money to individuals at an interest rate in excess of that permitted by law. Organized prostitution offers sex for pay on a systematic basis. Gambling is a game of chance where money is wagered in violation of the law. Each of these crimes occurs as a continuing enterprise due to the failure of a sizable portion of the public to obtain money, sex, or gambling in a legitimate way, such as through bank loans, marriage, or government-sponsored lotteries. The provision of illicit goods is a category of organized crime that offers particular products that a segment of the public desires, but cannot obtain through legitimate channels. The third category of organized crime is the infiltration or abuse of legitimate business. Labor racketeering and the takeover of waste disposal companies are two examples of infiltration of legitimate businesses. Labor racketeering involves the use of force or threats to obtain money to ensure jobs or labor peace. The infiltration of legitimate business is more predatory than the provision of illicit goods and services. Here, organized crime groups attempt to create a need for their services, rather than exploit an existing market as in the case of illicit goods and services. Demands for “protection” money or no-show jobs to avoid property damage, work stoppages, or violence are 67
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. examples of the predatory nature of the infiltration of legitimate business. Social or technological changes that involve new individual freedoms or new technology can promote or limit opportunities for organized crime. Examples include rapid changes in access to the Internet, the ability to travel freely, cell phone access, software copying capabilities, changes in the legal status of women, and similar factors that create or shift opportunities for both legitimate and illegitimate purposes. For example, frauds based in Nigeria are becoming increasingly global as email access permits unsolicited requests from official- looking agencies to transfer money as advance fees for “insider” deals on oil sales, real estate, or currency conversion. Although most people ignore these emails, a small response from thousands of e-mails produces millions of dollars in proceeds from fraud. The criminal environment is the nature of the offending population in a particular area. Is there a history of organized criminal activity? Is there a history of organized crime activity in this area for this product or service? If so, the likelihood of organized crime exploitation of the opportunity factors described above would be increased. Another important factor in assessing the criminal environment is the history of general (non-organized) criminal activity in the area, especially for the product or service of concern. Generic criminal activity might indicate a somewhat reduced risk of organized crime involvement, as would the lack of any prior criminal involvement in the product or service area. Fribourg, News 2023: Local gang members in court The four men are accused of being involved in several offenses, including kidnapping and physical humiliation. Their other accomplices have already been convicted. Rivalry between a group from Fribourg and one from Lausanne led the accused to commit a multitude of crimes. The four men, aged between 21 and 25, were charged with assault, 68
ORGANIZED CRIME robbery, theft and other crimes. The gang’s most notable misdeed dates back to January 2020. The group from Fribourg kidnapped a rival from Lausanne, luring him into a trap in Châtel-Saint-Denis. The accused carried out the operation remotely, via a Snapchat livestream. In particular, their accomplices forced the victim to strip naked in a cellar and dance in front of the cameras, reports “la Liberté”. The trial began on Wednesday and will last a few more days. Don‘t worry. Nine other participants in these events have already been sentenced to day fines and firm fines. The risk assessment tool is comprised of 17 variables in six categories: economic factors (4), government (3), law enforcement (4), social-technological change (2), criminal environmentalism skills (3), and potential harm (1). As described above, these six categories of factors are the most likely to affect the nature and extent of organized crime in a jurisdiction. The risk assessment tool will have the greatest utility when applied to specific illicit activities in a particular locality. Most organized crime is local in nature and even transnational organized crime groups choose locations based on specific features. The rate at which the 17 factors in this model change in any location will vary over time. For example, local standard of living, government strength, corruption level, level of police training, and police working conditions are likely to change slowly, although government transition and elections can change the political climate quickly. Local history also affects the likelihood of organized crime. A history of government oppression, for example, works against the likelihood that new government prohibitions or policies will be accepted or followed. A long history of smuggling and tax evasion also works against new efforts to thwart these behaviors. A recent history of war or ethnic violence also can make change difficult when there exist deep divisions of opinion within a country or region. Understanding the importance of history is crucial when planning new laws, policies, or regulations. Effectively organized crime efforts will require specific components designed to accommodate or change the historical 69
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. opinions or behaviors that may work against them. The sword and the rope: crime and justice in Fribourg, 1475-1505 Author:Patrick J. Gyger Digital book, French, 1998 Edition:All formats and editions Publisher: Section d’histoire médiévale, Faculté des lettres, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, 1998 Cultural traditions and beliefs can have a dramatic impact on the risk of organized crime. The role and status of women in a society or region, the acceptability of drug use, tolerance for corruption, and the status of children can each have a significant impact on the extent of prostitution, violence, drug trafficking, graft, and trafficking in human beings. These traditions or beliefs are slow to change and require education and policies that promote non-exploitive attitudes. Such efforts are not organized crime prevention efforts per se, but they must be accounted for when planning more direction interventions. Fribourg, News, 2018: Prostitution has stabilized The canton attributes this stabilization to its efforts to raise awareness of the nuisance caused by frequenting places of prostitution. 2018 was a “quiet” year for prostitution in the canton of Fribourg. No proceedings were opened for incitement to prostitution, nor were any cases of human trafficking detected. The annual report of the Advisory Commission on Prostitution, published on Monday by the State of Fribourg, also points to “a certain stabilization of the situation at the Grand-Fontaine in Fribourg in terms of nuisance”. Rue de la Grand-Fontaine is emblematic of prostitution in the canton. Overall, the trend in prostitution in the canton last year reflects “the intense control and prevention work carried out in the field throughout the year by government departments and partners”. In terms of controls, the Cantonal Police carried out 340 visits to apartments and brothels, 100 more than in 2017, and 700 checks on sex workers (unchanged). It also made around 15 contacts with people 70
ORGANIZED CRIME engaged in prostitution via the Internet, half as many as in 2017. At the end of 2018, there were 31 prostitution salons in the canton, four more than a year earlier, according to the Fribourg State press release. Two-thirds are located in the city of Fribourg. How about 2023? In Freiburg, prostitution parlors battle hoteliers who also open their rooms to prostitutes May 17, 2023. For salons that charge a minimum of 300 francs an hour, compared with 200 francs in a hotel, this is unfair competition. Directorate of Security and Justice DSJ. If I am a prostitute working from home, do I have to register myself? If yes, at which authority/office? Yes. Anyone working in any kind of prostitution must register themselves with the cantonal Police. For registration, please call the Judicial Police, division “prostitution” at 026 304 17 19 to take an appointment. Registrations happen on Monday afternoons and Thursday mornings, in the office of the Judicial police, at Place Notre-Dame 2, 1700 Fribourg If I am a prostitute in a salon/brothel, do I have to register myself? If yes, at which authority/office? Yes. Anyone working in any kind of prostitution must register themselves with the cantonal Police. For registration, please call the Judicial Police, division “prostitution” at 026 304 17 19 to take an appointment. Registrations happen on Monday afternoons and Thursday mornings, in the office of the Judicial police, at Place Notre-Dame 2, 1700 Fribourg. If I offer “online” services (e.g. erotic live cam), do I have to register myself? No. This type of sexual service is not considered prostitution as per the law on prostitution, because it does not include physical contact. 71
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. If the club that’s used seems to employ such methods on the sex-workers, the client can report these facts to the Cantonal Police (026 304 17 19) or to the public Ministry (026 305 39 39), either in written or verbally. The client is under no obligation to report such facts but he is encouraged to do so, in the interest of the sex-workers. 72
ORGANIZED CRIME No. Prostitution is a legal activity, protected by a constitutional right of economic freedom of the federal constitution article 27 and Fribourg constitution article 26 (article 27 de la Constitution fédérale, RS 101 and article 26 de la Constitution fribourgeoise, RSF 10.1 ; see also ATF 101 Ia 473, consid. 2). Total prohibition of use of prostitution clubs throughout a territory violates this constitutional right. For Alain Maeder, head of the canton of Fribourg’s commercial police, this hotelier who occasionally rents out rooms to prostitutes is perfectly within the rules. “For a hotel establishment that sporadically hosts prostitution activities, it seems disproportionate to impose the same administrative procedures on the hotelier. All the more so as the hotelier is not necessarily supposed to know the purpose of the persons who will occupy the room”. The occasional practice of prostitution in hotels or apartments seems to benefit from a grey area. For the time being, the authorities do not appear to be willing to change the law. As a general rule, organized criminal networks are involved in many different types of criminal activities spanning several countries. 73
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. It’s a global business. Standing on an Ikea podium from *Sweden*, behind bulletproof by Saint Gobain Glass from *France*, smiling at a 4K Sony *Japanese* Video camera, speaking into a Dolby Sennheiser *German* microphone, with vigorous hand gestures giving a glimpse of a Rolex under the cuff made in *Switzerland* he patriotically said ..*“Buy American, Hire American, Stop Immigrants”.* while standing beside a *Slovenian wife* Two Fribourg cabaret owners are being prosecuted for human trafficking, encouraging prostitution and unfair management. The “artists” had no choice but to prostitute themselves said investigating judge Yvonne Gendre on Friday. A large number of documents, contained in over 100 binders, have been examined in connection with this case, according to the release on Friday. In particular, 799 contracts concerning the 520 artists who worked in these two cabarets from 2003 to 2006. cabarets. As a result, the director of the companies running these two cabarets is on trial for trafficking in human beings, encouraging prostitution (with regard to 305 artists), coercion, fraud, usury, forgery, and unfair management, among others. among others. 74
15 That‘s ridiculous. Timing has nothing to do with it. *By providing insight into the mind of Ted Bundy, an imaginary situation. That‘s life, Ted. Would you have imagined yourself, years ago, living in this dumpy little duplex? Would you, in a million years, ever have imagined me? Well, I was right; the life I lived was not the one I had imagined for myself. I had come to this town as a stranger, but now the streets flashing by were so familiar; not a step or an image remained unconnected to a memory. I had seen these trees planted and watched them grow. I passed houses I knew, houses where I had been for dinner or for drinks, where I‘d gone on emergency calls, standing late in the night. Layer on layer of days and images, dense and complex and particular to me alone. I turned down my old street. I had not been over here in months, and I was surprised to find the porch columns of my house torn down. The driveway was empty, my wife wasn‘t home. I paced across the lawn a few times to catch my breath, then walked to where the key was still hidden beneath a brick beside the rhododendron. I let myself inside and got a drink of water. The house smelled stale. I pushed open a window. I got another glass of water. Then I walked through the house, curious to see what else had changed. Upstairs, the bedrooms were the same. 75
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Here, look, I‘m a success. Sometimes I traveled a hundred miles or more. And I remembered too- she‘d told me, but I‘d let it slip from my mind; no, I‘d pushed it from my mind - that she had gone to Paris on a holiday. I met someone, a Canadian from Quebec, who spoke French. Well, at least she would be happy about my presents. And I was too - I‘d done a careful, meticulous job. I stood in the kitchen, stretching my arms wide as I prepared to finish my run, and picked the yellow legal pad up again. Happy Birthday, I wrote. Then I left, locked the door behind me, and ran. “That‘s ridiculous. Timing has nothing to do with it.” “No?” “No!” ” Everything changes anyway, with or without a piece of paper. That‘s what you‘re not factoring in. And no matter what you say, it is a big deal.” I understand now a lot of stuff about myself that I didn’t understand then. It made me realize what was going on. The senselessness of it appalls me, although I’m sure not so much as those who were so close to it. Those of us who have been so much influenced by violence in the media, in particular pornographic violence, are not some kind of inherent monsters. We are your sons, and we are your husbands. And we grew up in regular families. Pornography can reach out and snatch a kid out of any house today. It snatched me out of my home 20, 30 years ago. People say, ‘Ted Bundy didn’t show any emotion, there must be something in there.’ I showed emotion. Do you know what people said? ‘See, he really can get violent and angry. I don’t think anybody doubts whether I’ve done some bad things. The question is: what, of course, and how, and most importantly, why? 76
16 Houston, nous avons un problème Houston, we have a problem. What? ‘Nothing. What’s the problem? ‘Never-mind. Please tell us. ‘I’m fine Often courts and commentators struggle to articulate why privacy is valuable. They see privacy violations as often slight annoyances. But privacy matters a lot more than that. Protecting reputation depends on protecting against not only falsehoods but also certain truths. Knowing private details about people’s lives doesn’t necessarily lead to more accurate judgments about people. People judge badly, they judge in haste, they judge out of context, they judge without hearing the whole story, and they judge with hypocrisy. Privacy helps people protect themselves from these troublesome judgments. Privacy is also helpful in reducing the social friction we encounter in life. Most people don’t want everybody to know everything about them – hence the phrase “none of your business.” And sometimes we don’t want to know everything about other people — hence the phrase “too much information. One of the hallmarks of freedom is having autonomy and control over our lives, and we can’t have that if so many important decisions about us are being made in secret without our 77
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. awareness or participation. Privacy is key to freedom of thought. A watchful eye over everything we read or watch can keep us from exploring ideas outside the mainstream. Privacy helps protect our ability to associate with other people and engage in political activity. A key component of freedom of political association is the ability to do so with privacy if one chooses. The watchful eye can disrupt and unduly influence these activities. An important reason why privacy matters is not having to explain or justify oneself. We may do a lot of things that, if judged from afar by others lacking complete knowledge or understanding, may seem odd embarrassing, or worse. Why does privacy matter? What criteria must I meet to host refugees at my home in Switzerland? In order to be a suitable host, you must satisfy the following criteria, according to Swiss Refugee Aid and the official advice from the State Secretariat for Migration (SEM). While there is no minimum period suggested by the Swiss government for hosting refugees, potential hosts are recommended to expect at least three months to allow a person or a family to establish themselves in a new country. Switzerland’s S permits are issued for a minimum of one year. Swiss Refugee Aid also says anyone wanting to host refugees should have enough time in their personal schedule to help them out in everyday life, such as with navigating the famous Swiss bureaucracy. Space. While people fleeing conflict no doubt appreciate the generosity of those offering a mattress on the floor or a couch, those wanting to host long-term should have enough space so that those hosted are comfortable. Swiss Refugee Aid recommends a separate room or rooms, along with access to the bathroom and kitchen. In this way, the Swiss Federal Agency allocated money for Maryna Hrabar to live in a separate comfortable room and to keep her documents and information safe. How did she suddenly find herself in a small room with a rat and what happens when the boundaries of personal 78
HOUSTON, NOUS AVONS UN PROBLÈME space are violated? Why Zurich? Prices? Where is Fribourg? Claudia Thalmann-Adamo? 79
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. If you open a dictionary of synonyms, you will find out that the word “snitch” in Russian has several dozen equivalents - from an assassinated Cossack and a rat to a fiscal, a woodpecker, a bell ringer, and a fugank. Apparently, the phenomenon is quite widespread, if such a variety of shades and meanings…. Oh, my God! It’s a pity, though, That there are knockers in the “world”! And if we go back to the past century, They’re only called executioners! Snitching as a quality of personality is a pathological tendency to fisk, to cooperate with the authorities, superiors, etc., by providing them with accusatory or compromising information about someone. In George Orwell’s “Animal Farm,” it is said: “They had nothing to compare today’s life with, nothing to judge by but the columns of figures read out by the Snitch, and they invariably proved that life had gotten better”. The prison subculture has its own rules and regulations, which are strictly enforced by the inmates. For example, snitches can be called “Rat,” “Pathetic,” “Two-Faced,” and the like. To avoid trouble on the part of snitches, prisoners use various secret designations. For example, they may refer to snitches as “fish” or “rats.” Such terms allow you to discuss business issues and pass on information without the danger of being handed over to the snitch. Snitches are sometimes referred to as “paid.” This word indicates that such people are willing to accept money or other benefits in exchange for information about other prisoners. This means that snitches not only betray their comrades but also trade their fate for their own gain. 80
HOUSTON, NOUS AVONS UN PROBLÈME In a small space, the snitch lives on my head. Business writing “The name and the address of the person/recipient was given to me by someone I know …” 81
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Take whatever you want. See what you want. My whole life is in a small space. No safe deposit box. 82
HOUSTON, NOUS AVONS UN PROBLÈME Is it legal to fly a British airplane in the skies of Switzerland? How does a legal become illegal? I see the buzz, but is all the information present? Pay the money or be deported, remembering the slogan of the crime group from the previous episode. 83
17 When Your Judge Isn’t A Lawyer In some cantons, justices of the peace don’t need a law degree to put defendants behind bars. Switzerland is not a member of the European Union (“EU”) or European Economic Area but has adopted certain EU laws in, for example, the fields of competition law and product liability. Until the end of 2010, rules of civil procedure differed considerably between cantons since each canton had historically made its own rules. Do you want to be a massage therapist in Basel, Basel-StadtStadt? You’ll need 500 hours of study to receive your license first. What about a barber at a shop in Bern? Get ready to spend 1,500 hours practicing your craft. How about one of the state’s justices of the peace, with the power to send defendants to jail for up to six months? You’re in luck—only a four-day certification course is necessary. No law degree is required, either—only the approval of the voters in your county. Justices of the Peace may act as mediators and also handle small value cases (less than CHF 8,000). The structure and rules applicable to the cantonal courts thus differ somewhat from canton to canton. Generally speaking, however, cantonal courts have jurisdiction in all areas of the law and apply both cantonal and federal law. The unified Federal Civil Procedure Code regulates the place of jurisdiction of a dispute in domestic matters whereas the Swiss Federal Act on Private 84
WHEN YOUR JUDGE ISN’T A LAWYER International Law, or the Lugano Convention in case of civil and commercial matters with EU or EFTA states, deals with the question of jurisdiction of the Swiss court in cross-border disputes. Rules regarding the jurisdiction of the courts are fairly similar both in domestic and international cases and, for instance, in actions arising out of a contract. Each canton has at least one court of first instance (District Court) with the power to accept first instance jurisdiction in most cases. Small cantons like Geneva have only one whereas larger cantons, such as Zurich, have several courts of first instance. Upper Court. Each canton has an Upper Court that handles appeals from the court of first instance. It may also act as a court of first instance in some cases. All cases falling within certain specialist areas, such as intellectual property, unfair competition (if the value at stake exceeds CHF 30,000), and antitrust, must be handled by the Upper Court. The parties to a dispute can also agree to submit their case directly to the Upper Court in other cases if the amount in dispute exceeds a defined amount of CHF 100,000. Otherwise, there is a mandatory double layer of instances at the cantonal level. Special Courts Most cantons have separate courts to handle certain types of disputes. These include commercial courts, labor courts, landlord and tenant courts, and administrative tribunals to handle public law cases. The Federal Supreme Court. The Federal Supreme Court (civil) is located in Lausanne and handles appeals against decisions from the cantonal courts. In contrast, for example, to England, where there is a distinction between solicitor and barrister, there is no such distinction in Switzerland between different types of attorneys. An attorney must be admitted to a cantonal bar and is then licensed to practice throughout Switzerland. Attorneys are referred to as avocat, Rechtsanwalt, Fürsprecher, Advokat or avvocato depending on the canton in which they practice and are admitted. The situation may have been acceptable in the 19th century when lawyers and law schools were scarce, critics say. But in the modern era, it raises serious questions about due process and the Sixth Amendment right to a fair trial. What’s the point of having a legally trained lawyer if the judge can’t understand what they’re saying? 85
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. The praise of Alexis de Tocqueville, a French political scientist who studied the early 19th-century United States. “A justice of the peace is a well-informed citizen, though he is not necessarily versed in the knowledge of the laws,” he observed in 1831. “His office simply obliges him to execute the police regulations of society; a task in which good sense and integrity are of more avail than legal science.” In that role, justices of the peace often carried out a wide variety of duties, ranging from officiating weddings and assessing fines to issuing warrants and trying criminal cases. “It wasn’t like they were nostalgic for the good ol’ days or something,” Maryna Hrabar said. Maryna Hrabar drafted a petition last June urging the Swiss Court to take up the issue in legal Maryna Hrabar v. illegal Maryna Hrabar. The case revolved around two defendants, Maryna Hrabar (Irish) and British Airlines who were separately charged with flying and entering under the illegal influence. Conciliation Proceedings As a general rule, to which there are several exceptions, the unified Federal Civil Procedure Code requires the parties to participate in a conciliation procedure before a claim can be submitted to a court. The Conciliation Judge summons the parties to a hearing at which, having heard their respective positions, he will try to identify a settlement that is satisfactory to both parties. If no settlement is reached, then the Conciliation Judge will attest to this in a certificate issued to the claimant that must be filed with the statement of claim within a given deadline of three months (save for rental disputes, 30 days) or give judgment himself in bagatelle cases. “In short, I cannot accept the suggestion that, as a prerequisite to a constitutionally fair trial, a defendant must stand up in open court and inform a judge that he is guilty when in fact he believes that he is not,” Maryna Hrabar wrote. 86
18 The ancient protections of Magna Carta At Runnymede in 1215, King John pledged to his barons that he would ‘not make any justices, constables, sheriffs, or bailiffs, excepting of such as know the laws of the land. Today, more than 750 years later, the Court leaves that promise unkept. I think everyone would agree there’s no problem for non-lawyer judges to perform weddings. At the opposite extreme, I think everyone, or almost everyone would agree that if you have non-lawyer judges presiding over capital trials, that doesn’t seem right. So somewhere in between, there’s got to be a line. Multiple states have pared back their ability to uphold constitutional protections for budgetary reasons in recent years. The Swiss indigent defense system is on the verge of collapse in most of its parishes from underfunding. Swiss towns often use predatory methods to collect fines, a practice that in Ferguson, drew condemnation from the U.S. Justice Department. Is it possible for states could follow the Swiss lead and broaden the use of non-lawyer judges to cut costs, I asked? “I hope not,” Maryna Hrabar replied. Parties to the Proceedings The main parties to court proceedings are the claimant(s) and defendant(s). A person alleging a legal interest that pending proceedings be decided in favor of one of the parties has the right to intervene in such proceedings by making an application to the court. Alternatively, a 87
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. third party claiming a better right to an object that wholly or partially excludes the rights claimed by the parties in pending proceedings relating to such object can bring action against both litigants before the Court of First Instance at which the proceedings are pending. Finally, a party that intends to hold a third party liable or fears that it may be held liable by a third party in the event that it succumbs to pending proceedings can request such a third party to support it in the proceedings. Written Submissions The statement of claim to be submitted by the claimant in order to fully commence court proceedings must contain the name of the parties, a detailed statement of the relevant facts and should, to the extent possible, take issue with the facts that are likely to be asserted by the defendant. It must also set out the relief sought from the court and provide a list of the available documentary evidence for each allegation, as well as a Power of Attorney for the legal representation. The parties are not required to present legal arguments as it is presumed that the courts know the law. In practice, however, the parties do present legal arguments, except in unusual cases where it may be expressly forbidden to do so. After the claimant has filed its statement of claim, the court sets a deadline for the defendant’s response, usually ranging between one and three months. The requirements for the statement of defense are similar to the ones for the statement of claim. The defendant’s brief should also contain the comments of the defendant to each of the claimant’s allegations. The defendant may also bring a counterclaim at this stage of the proceedings. It is then up to the court to decide whether it wants to allow a further exchange of written briefs or whether it wishes to proceed directly with the main hearing of the case. If there’s no prospect of incarceration, you don’t have a constitutional right to a legally trained lawyer. But once incarceration enters the picture, then you do. And so our argument was, well, it ought to be the same line for judges. In the case of Maryna Hrabar the Court rejected not only the premise of due process but also betrayed the ancient protections of Magna Carta, the medieval English charter of liberties. 88
THE ANCIENT PROTECTIONS OF MAGNA CARTA By letter dated May 8, 2023, the Central Collection Agency of the Courts has requested to repay the In the meantime, written-off claims from the subsequent proceedings are requested. Central collection agency of the courts. High Court of the Canton of Zurich. The address: Route de Villars-Vert 19, 1752 Villars-sur-Glâne (the canton of Fribourg). “You MUST pay 800 CHF. Zurich.” 89
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. But for what? When and where was the court session in Zurich? How do they know the address of the ORS apartment in Fribourg (I don‘t have my contract for this apartment)? I was in the canton of Fribourg the whole time. 90
THE ANCIENT PROTECTIONS OF MAGNA CARTA If the tax declaration is not enclosed with the application, we will send the tax data directly to the tax office. 91
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “If your financial situation does not allow you to pay the outstanding amount at once appropriate installment payments can be approved”. You don‘t know my finance… But you know my address and without supporting documents… But why? 92
THE ANCIENT PROTECTIONS OF MAGNA CARTA What was VISA and What was “recognized”? 93
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Sorry, but I have my resident permit and legal. How can I be illegal? 94
THE ANCIENT PROTECTIONS OF MAGNA CARTA Why Zurich? Who are you Claudia Thalman-Adamo? 95
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. My explanation. 96