REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE I can add 4,009 new participants. 147
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Words are, of course, the most powerful drug used by mankind. 148
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE “have now been viewed over 10,000 times” A man tells his doctor, “Doc, help me. I’m addicted to Instagram”. The doctor replies, “Sorry, I don’t follow you …” 149
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Aggression task Participants were told that they would be competing against the other paparticipantsn a reaction time game. Each trial (n = 72;) began with a trial cue displayed in the center of a computer monitor, consisting of one of the following shapes: a white circle, a white triangle, or a white square. Circles represented revenge trial cues. Squares represented aggravation trial cues. Triangles represented noƖconsequence trial cues. OneƖthird of the trials were revenge trials (n = 24), oneƖthird of the trials were noƖconsequence trials (n = 24), and oneƖthird of the trials were aggravation trials (n = 24). No trial type was presented more than three consecutive times. After the trial cue, participants completed the goalƖrelated task, which was a flanker response. The noise blast was equivalent to the average car or house stereo at maximum volume at close range. Following the flanker response, participants received feedback indicating whether they did or did not win on that trial. A white circle, triangle, or square (corresponding with the trial type) was presented with an arrow pointing either a green up arrow or red down arrow, indicating win or loss feedback, respectively. If a revenge trial resulted in win feedback, participants were able deliver up to 10 s of a 102 dB white noise to the insulter. Upon receiving win feedback, participants were required to indicate how long they wished for the noise blast to be (1 = 5 seconds, 6 = 10 seconds; participants were not allowed to “opt out” of blasting their opponent). After selection of how long the noise blast would be, the “noise blast” was delivered for the length of time indicated by the participant. If a revenge trial resulted in loss feedback, the game simply proceeded to the next trial. Regardless of whether a noƖconsequence trial resulted in win feedback or loss feedback, the game simply proceeded to the next trial, because neither participant was able to blast the other participant with a loud noise. If an aggravation trial resulted in win feedback, the game simply continued to the next trial. However, if an aggravation trial resulted in loss of feedback, participants waited between 5 and 7 s as the insulter made a noise selection. 150
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE A noise blast was then delivered through stereo headphones. The noise blast was delivered at 102 dB and lasted for either 5 or 7 s. Six practice trials occurred at the beginning of the experiment (two of each trial type with each trial type resulting in one win and one loss) and were not included for analyses. In between each trial, participants were prompted to click the spacebar to proceed to the next trial, followed by a screen indicating that the computer is waiting on the opponent (300–700 ms waiting period). The game lasted for approximately 50 min. During debriefing, all participants reported that they were engaged throughout the entirety of the game, and no participants reported being fatigued. Some have suggested that participants who fail to show psychophysiological markers of the target emotion, measured independently of the main task, should be excluded from analyses, because it is likely that the manipulation failed to elicit the target emotion. Because we were primarily interested in the impact of anger on the RewP, we excluded from analyses those participants who failed to show an increase in left frontal alpha asymmetrical activation after the anger induction. More specifically, we created a left frontal alpha asymmetry change score by subtracting the left frontal alpha asymmetry score from the baseline period before the insult manipulation from the left frontal alpha asymmetry score from the baseline period following the insult manipulation. Variable Full sample Sample for testing Gender Female 54.2 55.8 Male 45.8 44.2 Age 19.24 (1.36) 19.28 (1.35) Race 151
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. White 84.7 81.4 AfricanƖAmerican 11.9 14.0 Other 3.4 4.7 Ethnicity Hispanic 3.4 0 NonƖHispanic 96.6 100 Variable Revenge trialƖconsequence trial /Aggravation trial Trial Cue rating Excitement 4.31 (2.59) 2.84 (2.22) 1.89 (1.13) Anger 1.93 (1.53) 1.30 (1.20) 3.49 (2.63) Win feedback rating Excitement 4.82 (2.43) 3.73 (2.54) 6.27 (2.09) Anger 1.47 (1.01) 152
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE 1.38 (1.35) 1.38 (1.19) Loss feedback rating Excitement 1.58 (0.83) 1.65 (1.49) 1.61 (1.30) Anger 3.19 (2.47) 2.56 (2.24) 4.67 (2.95) Flanker RT (in ms) Logged RT 6.35 (0.13) 6.39 (0.14) 6.29 (0.21) Raw RT 575.93 (76.67) 604.50 (85.15) 551.28 (92.02) RewP Win feedback 19.26 (8.05) 14.38 (10.09) 18.97 (7.02) Loss feedback 16.00 (6.98) 14.63 (7.41) 18.03 (9.19) Reaction times were logarithmically transformed. A oneƖway (trial type: revenge vs. noƖconsequence vs. aggravation) repeatedƖmeasures ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of flanker response reaction time, F(2, 78) = 7.14, p = .001, ߰p 2 = .15. Post hoc analyses revealed that reaction times 153
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. to the flanker response on revenge trials were faster than reaction times on noƖconsequence trials, t(39) = 2.21, p = .033, d = 0.35. Reaction times to the flanker response on aggravation trials were faster than reaction times on noƖconsequence trials, t(39) = 2.95, p = .005, d = 0.47. Reaction times to the flanker response on aggravation trials were faster than reaction times on revenge trials, t(39) = 2.38, p = .023, d = 0.38. Both revenge trials and aggravation trials sped reaction times, as compared to noƖconsequence trials. Aggravation trials sped reaction times more than revenge trials. Waveforms for win and loss feedback during revenge trials in Experiment 1, as well as the difference score between revenge trial wins and revenge trial losses (win minus loss) Statistical analyses for the reward positivity in Experiment 1 Factors (df)Fp߰p 2 Trial type (2, 84) 9.77 <.001 .19 Outcome (1, 42) 3.43 .071 154
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE .08 Trial type × outcome (2, 84) 2.41 .096 .05 Trial type – Wins (2, 84) 8.41 <.001 .17 Trial type – Losses (2, 84) 4.34 .016 .09 Experiment 1 revealed that, when angry, participants experienced more excitement to revenge trial cues than both noƖconsequence and aggravation trial cues and more anger to aggravation trial cues than both noƖconsequence and revenge trial cues. This suggests that participants were experiencing approachƖmotivated affective states during the pursuit of rewards. Additionally, both revenge and aggravation trial win feedback elicited more excitement than noƖconsequence trial win feedback, while aggravation trial loss feedback elicited more anger than noƖconsequence and revenge trial loss feedback. This suggests that participants experienced approachƖmotivated affective states to anger feedback. Behavioral results based on flanker task reaction times support that participants were approachƖmotivated by the revenge and aggravation conditions. Participants were faster to flanker responses following revenge and aggravation trial cues than noƖconsequence trial cues. Together with selfƖreported emotion, these results indicate that participants experienced increased approachƖmotivated affect in revenge and aggravation trials, relative to noƖconsequence trials. 155
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. For a while in the middle of the movie, James has a shaped goatee and moustache, which he does not have during the rest of the movie. 156
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE Mary Sandin: We are gonna play the rest of this night out in motherfucking peace. Does anyone have a problem with that? 157
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Polite Leader: There you are. Thank you for accepting my invitation. Now tell me, why haven’t you delivered the filthy swine to me yet? Are you protecting him? I certainly hope not, Mr. Sandin. 158
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE James Sandin: No, of course not. I just can’t find him. You see, this is a misunderstanding. My son let him in. He’s a young boy, he doesn’t know better… but I support what goes on here tonight one hundred percent, I sell security equipment. See, I would never deny yours or anyone’s right to purge. You are very… Freak Interrupting: Just give us the homeless pig, you fuck-… [gets shot in the head] Polite Leader: Sorry about that. I don’t condone that kind of behavior. Just keep in mind, Mr. Sandin, he was my friend and you are not. Our equipment is arriving soon and we will get him. Send out he, or that will be thee. James Sandin: I’ll go get him. Polite Leader: You should do that. -Where do you find reindeer? -It depends on where you leave them! Envy is like a wildfire destroying people. We feel envy for, a classmate who gets a good grade or, a neighbor who buys an expensive car. This kind of emotion drives our different behaviors, like small stones in the heart lake, ruining our peace of mind. Envy plays an important role in our social life, and its shadow can be seen in different cultures all over the world. Accordingly, it is of great significance to understand the role of envy in social adaptation. “One tree is envious of another, wishing to be an axe.” Social comparison is a fundamental element of human cognition, and the fact that people regularly and unconsciously make social comparisons. However, when individuals believe that they cannot achieve comparison goals even with their best efforts, the contrastive effects occur, and individuals feel frustrated. Therefore, envy can increase personal effort , drive behavior to achieve the desired object, and turn attention to the means of achieving it. However, in malicious envy, the envious person may try to degrade the person being envied, to vilify or denigrate the other person’s advantages. Envy can increase schadenfreude, behavior that leads to hostility and resentment; and can shift attention to the person being envied. 159
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Newscaster: Incoming reports show this year’s Purge has been the most successful to date, with the most murders committed. 160
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE James Sandin: We’re gonna make it through tonight and everything’s going to be okay. Zoey Sandin: Nothing is ever going to be okay again dad. 161
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. A reminder about ghosts in the canton of Fribourg. [Charlie talks about a man cutting out his heart for his lover] Zoey Sandin: Why didn’t he just cut off his penis? Mary Sandin: We are having dinner! No penises! 162
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE How much is municipal corruption and the silence of the lambs? Newscaster: Decriminalized murder. An outlet for American Rage. 163
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. The Judge of Peace. James Sandin: Why did you let him in our home? We have no idea who’s after him 164
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE To test this, Experiment 2 used a different variation of the MAD paradigm. After the same insult manipulation used in Experiment 1, participants were told that they were going to participate in a reaction time game against their opponent where they could win money from a variety of sources. Participants were then told that they were randomly assigned to begin the game with no money, while the insulter was given $10.00. Finally, participants were told that in some trials, participants could win the trial and take money from their opponent (revenge condition). In other trials, participants could win the trial and win money from a neutral bank (bank condition). If the participant won, they had the opportunity to take up to $0.15 from a bank (1 = $0.00, 6 = $0.15; increments of 3 cents). If they lost, participants proceeded to the next trial. All other aspects of the MAD paradigm were similar to Experiment 1. During debriefing, all participants reported that they were engaged throughout the entirety of the game, and no participants reported being fatigued. Variable - Full sample - Sample for testing Gender Female 68.3 62.9 Male 31.7 37.1 Age 18.76 (0.93) 18.74 (0.82) Race White 84.1 85.7 AfricanƖAmerican 9.5 5.7 165
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. 60 CHF from Maryna Hrabar. I am sure you used puns even without realizing that it is a pun. Like these punchs, I mean, puns 166
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE Variable -Revenge trial- Bank trial -NoƖconsequence trial Trial Cue rating Excitement 5.02 (2.39) 4.69 (2.13) 2.64 (1.07) Anger 2.26 (1.93) 1.69 (1.03) 1.59 (1.03) Win feedback rating Excitement 6.39 (2.00) 5.61 (2.07) 3.91 (2.07) Anger 1.37 (0.47) 1.42 (0.78) 1.44 (0.94) Loss feedback rating Excitement 1.50 (1.07) 1.44 (0.70) 1.61 (1.27) Anger 4.48 (2.74) 4.02 (2.41) 2.98 (2.32) Logged RT 6.42 (0.21) 6.43 (0.22) 6.48 (0.24) Raw RT 167
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. 661.74 (160.08) 665.81 (160.66) 718.19 (198.88) RewP Win feedback 16.69 (8.07) 14.25 (8.98) 11.89 (8.63) Loss feedback 12.17 (7.89) 13.09 (7.16) 10.80 (9.12) Waveforms for win and loss feedback during revenge trials in Experiment 2, as well as the difference score between revenge trial wins and revenge trial losses 168
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE • Why aren’t Koalas actual bears? -They don’t meet the KOALifications. 169
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Waveforms for win feedback during revenge, bank, and noƖconsequence trials in Experiment 2 Experiment 2 revealed that, when angry, participants experienced more excitement to both revenge and bank trial cues than noƖconsequence trial cues. This suggests that participants were experiencing approachƖmotivated affective states during the pursuit of rewards. Additionally, both revenge and bank trial win feedback elicited more excitement than noƖconsequence trial win feedback. Importantly, revenge trial win feedback elicited more excitement than bank trial win feedback. This suggests that participants experienced the most approach motivation to feedback in which anger could be ameliorated. Revenge and bank trial loss feedback elicited more anger than noƖconsequence trial loss feedback. This suggests that participants experienced approachƖmotivated affective states to angering feedback. Behavioral results based on flanker task reaction times support that participants were approachƖmotivated by the revenge and bank conditions. Participants were faster to flanker responses following revenge and bank trial cues than noƖconsequence trial cues. Together with selfƖreported emotion, these results indicate that participants experienced increased approachƖmotivated affect in revenge trials, followed by bank trials and noƖconsequence trials, respectively. 170
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE Individuals often partake in angerƖdriven revengeful acts because they believe these behaviors will lead to a positive experience or positive feelings. By showing that anger, a negative affect associated with approach motivation, increases reward sensitivity to the motivationally salient outcome of winning the opportunity for revenge, the present research provides further support for the proposition of revenge as pleasurable. The present work’s unique experimental design allowed us to evoke negative approachƖmotivated affect, finding that approach motivation in general enhances feedback processing to revenge opportunities, regardless of outcome valence. This is in line with a growing body of work suggesting that motivational salience, rather than valence, drives neural correlates of reward processing. What makes The Purge so disturbing isn’t all the violence and murder — it’s the way the wealthy elite use the Purge as a means of population cleansing, as a way to fuel the economy by mass murdering the poor. But the wealthy don’t need annual murder sprees to oppress the middle and lower classes. If there’s a common thread throughout some of Fall’s TV’s biggest shows, it’s the idea that the wealthy use money to oppress the world. At face value, this might not seem a novel concept, but it’ll make each of these shows feel that much more frightening when you realize how true to life they really are — even when they might seem fantastical. Each of these shows is clearly a work of fiction, but the way they communicate wealth’s creeping influence on society distorts our views of reality in more compelling ways. The Purge uses its longer runtime to explore exactly what drives humans to accept this terrible reality. The answer, perhaps unsurprisingly, is money, and the way the rich and powerful use it to control and oppress the rest of society. 171
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Nowadays, we receive tons of information… Retaining this information is not easy, I know, that is why I use short jokes to impress people. The short jokes are always easier to remember! 172
REVENGE AS A FORM OF JUSTICE The dystopic concept of a single night where laws don’t exist and it’s kill or be killed has entered the mainstream (there’s even a Rick and Morty parody episode) but it’s far from the blandly violent, gory nightmare it sounds like. 173
24 Rules of Swiss Games. Filing a criminal complaint with the Public Prosecutor’s Office A criminal complaint may be lodged with the Public Prosecutor’s Office or directly with a police station. The latter is particularly advisable when the perpetrator of the act committed is unknown. When filing a complaint, it is important to pay attention to a few points: • only the person directly and personally injured has the right to file a complaint (his/her legal representative for a minor or a person incapable of discernment); • the office competent to deal with the complaint is that of the place where the facts occurred; • For offences prosecuted on the basis of a complaint only (e.g. insults, damage to property, threats, etc.), the complaint must be filed within 3 months (legal exceptions reserved); • if the offender is under 18 years of age, the complaint must be addressed to the Juvenile Court. When the complaint is addressed in writing directly to the Public Prosecutor’s Office or the Juvenile Court, it must meet a few criteria: 174
RULES OF SWISS GAMES. • be dated and signed in original (photocopies, faxes, and e-mails are not valid); • be written in French; • contain a summary of the facts; • indicate where and when the events occurred; • indicate, if possible, the suspect and his or her address; • indicate the means of proof (witnesses, medical certificate, invoice, etc.). During the procedure, the complaint may be withdrawn at any time by a simple written statement, dated and signed, or by oral statement, which will be recorded in the minutes. A “criminal complaint” is a self-contained charge that sets forth sufficient facts that, with reasonable inferences, allow a person to reasonably conclude that a crime was likely committed and that the suspect/defendant, is likely culpable. My notes: canton of Fribourg - Languages - Bilingualism French and German are the official languages of the canton. Their use shall be regulated in accordance with the principle of territoriality. The State promotes understanding, understanding and exchanges between the cantonal linguistic communities. It encourages bilingualism. At the institutional level, the question of languages is the responsibility of the Institutional Affairs, Naturalization, and Civil Registry Service. As English is not one of Switzerland’s official languages, only the most important information concerning the Administration is translated into English. This translation is provided for information purposes only and has no legal force. Please refer to the German, French, or Italian original version. Criminal complaints are normally first started with the application for a complaint, along with an affidavit by the complainant, which is titled an affidavit of probable cause. The judge examines the statements in the application and affidavit. In some instances, the judge will hold a hearing with notice to the defendant to examine all the statements. If the judge is satisfied 175
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. that there is sufficient probable cause that the individual in the complaint committed the specified crimes, the judge signs and issues the complaint. Sometimes, the complaint results in an arrest warrant. In other instances, the judge issues a compatible warrant. Statutes normally limit filing an application for a complaint to the police officers, prosecutors, victims, or witnesses. A criminal complaint is also known as a felony complaint, and is slightly different from a civil complaint. Instead of an individual filing the complaint, the government usually files the criminal complaint against the individual. However, some states do allow individuals to file criminal complaints. Essentially, it’s a judicial order, a court-issued document that charges the defendant with specific crimes. As the name implies, an individual is charged with a crime via the criminal complaint. • Usually in criminal cases, the police first arrest the defendant and then file a report to the local prosecutor. • Then, the prosecutor decides whether to formally process charges against the defendant. • The prosecutor’s decision to charge the defendant with the crime is based on whether there is enough evidence and if the case is worthy the prosecutor’s time. • In some states, the criminal complaint must be filed before the court issues an arrest warrant. The processes for a complaint vary throughout jurisdictions, and it is normally the prosecutor who determines whether to present the criminal complaint to the court. The next steps: Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland Guisanplatz 1 CH-3003 Berne Phone: +41 58 462 45 79 176
RULES OF SWISS GAMES. Fax: +41 58 462 45 07 (Processing takes place within working hours from 08:00 to 17:00. Faxes received outside official opening hours will be processed the following day). Criminal complaints to the Office of the Attorney General of Switzerland are filed by writing to the above address. In order for your complaint to be processed, it must comply with certain basic requirements: 1. 1. The OAG must have jurisdiction to prosecute the offense mentioned in the complaint. 2. See the section of ‘Statutory duty, tasks, and legal principles’ 3. Please note that criminal complaints may only be accepted and processed in one of the official languages of the Swiss Confederation (German, French or Italian). The criminal complaint must then include: 1. A chronological list of the relevant facts. 2. Full details of the parties suspected of criminal conduct, together with the relevant circumstances and dates. 3. A complete description and, if possible, submission of the evidence (original documents or photocopies). 4. Submission of previous correspondence, if any, regarding the case in question. 5. If available, names and details of witnesses (full names, addresses and telephone numbers). 6. An account of possible detrimental consequences that the person filing the complaint anticipates for him/herself. 177
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Official Form help and tutorial content. 178
RULES OF SWISS GAMES. Essentially, it’s a judicial order, a court-issued document that charges the defendant with specific crimes. 179
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. An individual is charged with a crime via the criminal complaint. 180
RULES OF SWISS GAMES. The processes for a complaint vary throughout jurisdictions, and it is normally the prosecutor who determines whether to present the criminal complaint to the court. 181
25 Why “To Kill a Mockingbird” Still Resonates Today My childhood was in the Soviet Union. Tomsk, Siberia, Russia. At school my teachers carefully avoided any mention of race, class, or gender. Like Scout, I learned those lessons from my family. When Scout comes to her father with questions about human behavior, he doesn’t give her advice on what to say or do. Instead, he tells her that the “trick” to understanding another person is to consider things from his or her point of view.) What does it mean to “be a mockingbird? This is because mockingbirds merely bring beauty and happiness into the world. The title refers to innocent people like Tom Robinson and Boo Radley who, like the mockingbird, only wish to bring a little happiness into a harsh world. Why I’d like to be … Gregory Peck in To Kill a Mockingbird Wise and unassuming, he goes about his fatherly and professional duties in the same calm, balanced manner. He has no need of witty one-liners to win us over, has no call for action-hero dramatics with which to knock our socks off, and there are no sentimental, extravagant displays of emotion with which to tug at our own. Peer pressure and social mores don’t faze him; respect, fairness, and compassion are Finch’s guiding principles. Why I’d not like to be … Mayella Ewell in To Kill a Mockingbird 182
WHY “TO KILL A MOCKINGBIRD” STILL RESONATES TODAY Mayella Ewell represents the physical manifestation of what ignorance, racism, and prejudice can do to a person. Mayella envies Tom Robinson, a black man who demonstrates love for his family, kindness towards others (no matter what color), and self-respect, everything she has been denied. She wants to blame someone for her misfortunes. Tom Robinson possessed what Mayella yearned for, a family to love her. The idea that a black man could possess all the decent qualities she lacked deserved punishment. The fact that Tom Robinson was not responsible for her lot in life was of little matter, she was white and he was black. What causes a person to be jealous? For example, say one of your friends is doing a workout routine and has gotten into really good shape. You come up to them and ask them what their secret is, and maybe even whether you can join them and do what they do. that leads not to jealousy, but rather to motivating progressive thinking. Jealousy is different; it is an altogether negative, regressive state of mind. The jealous thought says “I want what you have, and thus until I have it, you shouldn’t have it either.” The emphasis is not on you moving forward, but rather on keeping the other person back. Is Mayella Ewell a victim? No. She doesn’t see anything wrong with what she did. She’s just sorry she got caught. That’s why jealousy can be so destructive and all-consuming. if they say nothing at all, the feelings are still there, and the air becomes heavy with them. We Shouldn’t Always Feel Comfortable: Why ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ Matters. Movies and books like To Kill a Mockingbird make us uncomfortable because they show things that not only upset us, but they show us things about ourselves that may upset us. This story shows us the danger and nuance of believing in “nice people.” Walter Cunningham, who we have believed to be a kind friend of the Finch family, is the same man who plans to lynch Tom (and the same man who is convinced to call it off). TheMaycomb ladies are educated and full of decorous habits, yet build their self-worth on colonialistic missions and continual judgments. ‘To Kill a Mockingbird’ makes us question the difference between 183
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “nice” and “right,” and in doing so holds up a mirror to our own actions in a way that, yes, can make us feel uncomfortable. Take a fresh look at the basic themes of the novel and brainstorm ways to connect it to your life. What I landed on was an opportunity for you to literally stand up for your beliefs. Consider some of your own core beliefs. Think of a story about a meaningful experience in your life. I do not want a sermon, religious or lay; I do not want editorializing or sectarianism or ‘finger-pointing.’ I do not even want your views on the American way of life, democracy, or free enterprise. These are important but for another occasion. I want to know what you live by. Atticus is steadfast in his refusal to use force against another human being. He will stand alone against a lynch mob, but he won’t strike back, even at severe provocation. Thus, when Mr. Ewell spits in his face, Atticus merely walks away. Mr. Ewell, on the other hand, is a violent man. He beats his daughter and seeks revenge upon Atticus by attacking Jem and Scout. Seeking to live by the sword, Mr. Ewell dies by it. - Tolerance of people who are different, including the mentally ill, is a virtue; fears of others fall away when we come to see them as people. The only possible criticism of Atticus Finch is that he is too tolerant of the prejudices of his community, but bearing witness and being a good example is at certain times the best way to change society. This is a story about the innocent, exemplified by Tom Robinson, Boo Radley, and the children, and how they can be hurt or killed by evil or misguided people, personified by Mr. Ewell, Mr. Radley, and the prejudiced community. The story is also about mature/good people, represented by Atticus, Calpurnia, Sheriff Tate, and, by the end of the story, a maturing Scout, who understands that the world contains both good and evil and who does their best to protect and nurture the innocent. “You can never understand a person until you climb into his skin and walk around in it.” –Atticus Finch 184
26 What better time to revisit the lessons and impressions of To Kill a Mockingbird Imagine that you are To Kill a Mockingbird character, which is now July 2nd, 1964. Fill out the To Kill a Mockingbird Character Profile for your character. Write a few relatives or friends e.g. her/his niece, her/his brother-in-law, her/his sister, husband, neighbor, etc. Write some useful questions e.g.” Where were what were you doing at …. you staying? etc. It changed my life – it taught me a fundamental lesson in life (that to understand someone, you have to walk around in their skin.) Suddenly a whole new world opened up to me and I started to become the person I wanted to be. To Kill a Mockingbird has guided me throughout my life, teaching me compassion and kindness to all. To Kill a Mockingbird takes place in the real city/town of Fribourg, the Swiss state of Fribourg, during the Great Depression. Atticus Finch (Maryna Hrabar) is a prominent lawyer who encourages his children to be empathetic and just. He notably tells them that it is “a sin to kill a mockingbird,” alluding to the fact that the birds are innocent and harmless. When Tom Robinson (Maryna Hrabar), one of the town’s Black residents1 , 1 If you describe a situation as black, you are emphasizing that it is very bad indeed. 185
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. is falsely accused of raping Mayella Ewell (Claudia Thalman-Adamo), a white woman, Atticus agrees to defend him despite threats from the community. At one point he faces a mob intent on lynching his client but refuses to abandon him. Scout unwittingly diffuses the situation. Although Atticus presents a defense that gives a more plausible interpretation of the evidence—Tom is convicted, and he is later killed while trying to escape custody. A character compares his death to “the senseless slaughter of songbirds,” paralleling Atticus’s saying about the mockingbird. Cast • Maryna Hrabar (Atticus Finch) • Maryna Hrabar (Tom Robinson) • Mayella Ewell (Claudia Thalman-Adamo) Academy Award nominations (* denotes win) • Picture • Director • Cinematography (black and white) • Art direction–set decoration (black and white)* • Screenplay, adapted* • Lead actor* (Maryna Hrabar) • Supporting actress (Claudia Thalman-Adamo) • Score [emphasis] 186
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... Maryna Hrabar (Tom Robinson) and Mayella Ewell (Claudia Thalman-Adamo) 187
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Claudia Thalman-Adamo forgot that she was Maryna Hrabar’s social assistant in the canton of Fribourg. That means she has the private information of an ORS client, she forgot that Maryna is a foreigner. The presence of a court interpreter is mandatory. The lawsuit is filed as a private person to a private person. 188
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... A standard letter. “for defamation and unauthorized recording of conversations” When the recording of conversations is allowed and when not Application of the Data Protection Act and the Criminal Code When recording conversations, personal data is processed, which means that the Data Protection Act applies. However, the recording of conversations is also regulated in the Criminal Code (SCC). Therefore, both pieces of legislation apply. As a result, in the case of unlawful recording of conversations, penalties may be imposed under the SCC, but at the same time the FADP also applies. Under the FADP, the persons whose data is processed (the data subjects) may have grounds for legal action. 189
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. The graphic overview of the criminal and civil law consequences of recording a conversation illustrates the interplay between the FAPD and the SCC. Recording of non-telephone conversations Unless they have the consent of all those involved, anyone who eavesdrops on a private conversation using a bugging device or who, even as a participant, records a conversation on a recording device commits an offence under the Criminal Code (Art. 179bis and Art. 179ter SCC) and may therefore be liable to prosecution. Avoiding prosecution therefore hinges on consent. The consent must be as clear and transparent as possible about the recording of the conversation and the purpose of the recording. It is important that consent is obtained before recording so that a data subject has the chance to object to the recording. Key: Private Conversation and eavesdrops. 190
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... Recording of telephone conversations that is not considered an offence Under the SCC, the recording of telephone conversations does not constitute an offence in the following two cases: 1. When conversations with emergency, rescue and security services are recorded (Art. 179quinquies para. 1 let. a SCC) and 2. When conversations in business dealings that involve orders, contracts, reservations and similar business transactions are recorded (Art. 179quinquies para. 1 let. b SCC). As far as data protection legislation is concerned, these exceptions under the SCC mean that grounds for justification can be invoked under Article 31 paragraph 1 FADP. Therefore, the consent of the data subjects in the two aforementioned cases is not necessary. Recording of telephone conversations considered as a criminal violation However, Article 179quinquies paragraph 1 letter b SCC refers to very specific types of conversation. According to this provision, a call can only be recorded without the consent of the data subject if it concerns orders, contracts, reservations, and similar business transactions. During the deliberations in the National Council, it was made clear that these ‘transactions’ fell exclusively under the heading of ‘bulk business’. The reason given for not informing data subjects about a recording or obtaining their consent in these cases was that these transactions often had to be processed quickly and that it would be too time-consuming to provide such information in several languages (e.g. in the tourism industry). 191
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Rights of the data subjects If you believe that a conversation of yours has been (unlawfully) recorded, you can ask for information about the recording. You have the right to know what data is stored about you, for what purpose, and where this data comes from. If recordings are unlawful under data protection law, you can have the recording deleted or corrected and claim compensation. If you believe that a recording of a conversation is an offense under the Criminal Code, you should contact the police to file a criminal complaint. In such cases, the provisions of criminal law apply and not those of the FADP. “Nothing and nobody exists in this world whose very being does not presuppose a spectator,” Hannah Arendt observed in her insightful inquiry into being vs. appearing and our impulse for self-display. For each of us, there is a public persona encasing the private person, an aspirational self radiating from the real self. In modern sociology, respectively, the realm of politics, public institutions, and paid employment and the domestic world of the home and family relations. Public life is governed by shared norms and values while private life is the realm of the intimate, of personal identity, and free will. Private information means information about behavior that occurs in a context in which an individual can reasonably expect that no observation or recording is taking place, and information that has been provided for specific purposes by an individual and that the individual can reasonably expect will not be made public (e.g., a medical record). 192
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... NH hotel is not the center of a traditional private proprietary business in the canton of Fribourg (Prostitution). And this is a center for Ukrainians. All meetings must take place in the open and as we can see the video surveillance sign. Videotaping for protection of interests. What additional Claudia Thalman-Adamo was doing in this hotel I do not know I did not enter her room or eavesdrop as a private citizen. 193
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Since at all public meetings in a public place Claudia Thalman-Adamo used and discussed the information of her private client Maryna Hrabar , she was the one who had to keep the information secret. Not to involve outsiders and not to discuss Maryna Hrabar OUTDOORS. The secrecy of Maryna Hrabar’s private information. Maryna Hrabar was entitled to make personal recordings of such strange discussions of her identity on her own devices in addition to the video recordings of ORS. For the cheetah and publicity of such a topic. Imagine that you picked up the remote control and turned on the TV. Or just pressed a button on the “box”, if that’s what you’re used to. And a low and slightly husky female voice fills the room: “I work like a horse. I run, I clamor, I charm, I intercede, I demand, I insist. Thanks to me, we sit in court pews in church and on director’s stools in the theater. Soldiers salute us! My daughters will soon be written in the velvet book of the first beauties of the court! Who turned our fingernails into rose petals? The good sorceress, at whose door titled ladies wait for weeks. And we’ve got a wizard coming to our house. The king’s chief cook sent me a gift of game yesterday… In short, I have so many connections that one could go mad with fatigue maintaining them. Where’s the gratitude? For example, my nose itches, and I can’t scratch it. No, no, get away from me. Cinderella, don’t, or I’ll bite you. For not thinking of helping a poor, helpless woman yourself.” or “Done! That’s it! Well, now they’ll dance in my palace! I’ll give them their own rules! Marianne, don’t grieve. The King is a widower. I’ll find a place for you too. We’ll live together. Too bad the kingdom is not big enough to live in. That’s all right. I’ll quarrel with the neighbors! I can do that. Soldiers! Why are you standing there with your mouths open?! “Hurrah for the royal brides!” That inimitable voice is familiar to many if not all. It’s familiar from movies, recordings of plays, and favorite cartoons. “I’ve gone mad. What a shame.” This is the voice of the great Soviet actress Faina Ranevskaya. 194
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... It is indeed a very strange big building for a private company ORS and Ukrainian center. It’s like the Pentagon in Fribourg. What’s going on in the private rooms and what are they afraid of? 195
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “You don’t have plus the need to go to the premises of the NH center.” So for whom with center is under the money for Ukrainian refugees? What educational programs, goals and etc? 196