WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... “On May 30th, you met Claudia Thalmann, Ece Dogan Hozan Ali Abdolla in our premises of the NH Center in order to make you attentive on the social media posts that you broadcast.” What? “Title”, “Where?” “Title”. Topics “Title” 197
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Maryna Hrabar (Atticus Finch): Right to information In accordance with the Federal Act on Data Protection (FADP), any person may request information from the controller of a data file as to whether their personal data is being processed and may, if necessary, have the data corrected or destroyed. This right to information allows everyone to maintain control over the data collected about them. It is key to enabling those affected to assert their rights under the law and ensures transparency regarding what use is made of the data. Nevertheless, each person must take action to exercise this right. The FADP sets out a non-exhaustive list of information that must always be provided to the person exercising their right to access their personal data. In all cases, the person requesting information must be provided with information on the identity and contact details of the controller of the data. Furthermore, the data subject must be informed of the personal data that has been processed and the purpose of the processing. He or she must also be informed of the period of time the data will be kept or, if this is not possible, the criteria for defining the period of time. The data subject must also be provided with the available information on the origin of the data (in cases where they have not provided the data themselves), and shall be informed in relevant cases of any automated individual decision-making, as well as of the logic on which the decision is based. Finally, the data subject must also be informed of the recipients or categories of recipients to whom the data may have been disclosed. If the recipients are located abroad, the information must specify the country concerned and, where appropriate, the guarantees of adequate protection that are provided or the application of one of the exceptions. It is not necessary for a person to justify their request to the data controller when exercising their right to access their data, or to have their data corrected or destroyed. In principle, the information must be provided free of charge within 30 days. It should be noted that requests requiring a disproportionate effort may incur fees (up to a maximum of CHF 300). In certain cases, the right to information may be refused, restricted, or deferred, in particular, if overriding private or public interests oppose it. 198
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... In such a case, the data controller must indicate the reason that communication of the information is being refused, restricted or deferred. Any federal body refusing or granting only limited access must communicate a decision to you, and you have the right to appeal that decision. The reasoning given must enable the person concerned to check whether the restriction of their right to information is justified. We visited the prosecutor’s office and requested materials and evidence on Maryna Hrabar’s accusation. A detailed file was not shown, and nothing was provided. A reasonable question arises, how did they accept such a MESS as a private person, and how can there be cases OF soap bubbles? Ghosting, rejection, refusal: how to bounce back in front of a customer? No need, too expensive, no time… How do you react to soap bubbles‘ objections? It is interesting to give them a concrete example of a profile similar to their own who refused an offer before accepting it and to expose all the benefits derived from it,” suggests Maryna Hrabar “Faced with a really tight budget, you have to maneuver with precision and “dig internally to see how to move the lines. However, the aim is not to lower the price. We need to enter a phase of negotiation,” says Maryna Hrabar. Because it is possible to lower the price without losing money. By adding service for the same price, for example. Time is a very subjective issue and again, it is certainly because the customer/prospect has not grasped the deep interest of what you offer. If the objection remains, it leads us to question ourselves: are we talking to the right person? Do we have the right value proposition? The customer enters the exchange as soon as he has understood the commercial offer and the proposal is unique and adapted to his needs. The salesperson doesn’t sell something, he provides a solution! 199
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. I need to talk to my supervisor/colleagues about it 200
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... “With the application dated July 26, 2023 ” 201
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Bullyng, depravation and documents. If a plaintiff fails to show up for a court hearing, what are the consequences? The plaintiff is represented by a person who files a claim with the court. 202
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... The application specifies certain requirements and requests that can be satisfied by the judge. In the process of conducting a court session, the presence of the plaintiff is mandatory, but there are often situations when a person for various reasons can not come to court. If the plaintiff did not appear at the court hearing, then the case can be considered without him, but sometimes the process is postponed. At the same time, in some situations, a citizen can be held liable for violating the requirements of the law. If a citizen does not provide the court with the necessary papers, the reason for failure to appear is recognized as unexcused. This can lead to the imposition of a fine or a meeting without the plaintiff. Under such conditions, the requests specified in the lawsuit are usually not satisfied. Therefore, if the plaintiff does not appear at the court hearing, he may face some negative consequences. A failure to appear is allowed only if there is a valid excuse. Every person who is a party to a particular case must notify the court of the reason for the absence in advance, and it must be valid and supported by official documents. Claudia Thalman-Adamo didn’t show up at the trial she created. She did not apologize for the moral and material suffering of Maryna Hrabar. But what do we get from the court? The governor of Ukhryupinsk region2 , struggling with problems in his region, accidentally got into the Forbes list. Psychiatric hospital ad: “The opinion of patients may not coincide with the position of the nursing staff.” 2 Ukhryupinsk is famous for anecdotes. Some people think that this city exists only in anecdotes, but this is not true. The city is real, and it even has a monument to an anecdote. 203
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Thus Maryna Hrabar * Defendant and what is meant by original, et al. And the white lady * applicant Claudia Thalman-Adamo no information and etc. 204
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... “By letter dated July 27, 2023, Claudia THALMANN-ADAMO withdrew her complaint.” See above. What has happened July 26, 2023 (Maryna Hrabar SEM Pack) 205
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Estonian persistence: typing the wrong password until the computer agrees to accept it. 206
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... Julian AUBRY Prosecutor. What a strange mess? There are two simple recipes to avoid stealing in the civil service: The Swiss one is to shorten the term of office if you don’t make it. The Chinese one is to shorten your life if you do. 207
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “The offences of defamation (Art. 173 CP) and unauthorized recording of conversations (art. 179ter CP) continue exclusively on complaint. In the present case, it must be noted that this condition is no longer realized. Consequently, pursuant to Art. 319 para. 1 lit. d CPP, the criminal proceedings opened against Maryna HRABAR for these offenses must be classified.” What does it mean? The complaining party is referred to assert its rights before the Civil Judge, as soon as in force of this Ordinance (Art. 320 para. 3 CPP). The costs of the procedure set at CHF 45.00 are borne by the State (Art. 423 CPP). the entrance. No compensation or compensation for moral damage is granted to Maryna HRABAR. BUT “the complaining party” is Claudia THALMANN-ADAMO. Not Maryna Hrabar. 208
WHAT BETTER TIME TO REVISIT THE LESSONS AND IMPRESSIONS OF... Corruption destroys the administration of justice, creating serious obstacles to the realization of the right to an impartial trial and significantly undermining public confidence in the judiciary. Corruption takes many forms, and bribery is only one of them. Another form, political corruption, is much more difficult to identify and define. Its broad scope allows it to affect not only the judiciary but all sectors of government. Illegal interference with the administration of justice can also take violent forms, such as when it is carried out directly by members of organized criminal groups. Such interference has a specific purpose, such as the closure of a particular case or the acquittal of a person. I tried to contact both journalists and human rights organizations. No one wants real cases and real people. My task was for the accusing party to retract its delusional accusations. Do you think in such a trial, without a lawyer and interpreters, without rights and documents, what would be the prospects in the canton of Fribourg? Every day a very large number of people disappear in our world. And no one knows where they are. No one is interested. Ukhryupinsk airport has purchased a $30 million bird-repellent biosystem. The system is maintained by one operator Petrovich. The system is capable of automatically converting the operator’s maternal expressions into alarming cries of various bird species. A father fresh from another irrational court ruling comes into a bar. Angrily he shouts “I think all family court judges are assholes!!” A slurred response from the back of the bar is heard: “I resent that!” The father peers into the back and asks “Why, are you a family court judge?” “No,” the voice slurs, “I’m an asshole.” 209
27 The Characteristics of Public Administration in Switzerland The plural is deliberate. The federalist structure, along with the many cultural differences in the country, means one cannot treat public administration in Switzerland as a unitary entity. The Confederation, the cantons, the cities, and the communities each have their own administrations which differ from one another—beyond their common basic responsibilities. For Switzerland, as elsewhere, public administration has increased in importance vis-à-vis politics, due to the greater professionalization and specialization which go hand in hand with the heightened complexity of political tasks nowadays. As the locus of important decisions shifts to higher, or even international, levels, the administrators who carry out decisions come to have more and more influence and distance themselves from the policymakers. Also the ‘militia’ manner in which public services are organized and delivered that is still widely used in Switzerland nowadays only works if politicians can rely on strong administrations. Switzerland does not have a politicized administration that is replaced when a new government comes to power, and party affiliation is not a precondition for employment in the higher civil service. Still, such affiliation can be important when filling top administrative posts: it is not uncommon for successful applicants to belong to the personal political network. 210
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SWITZERLAND Assessor for the Broye Justice of the Peace, State of Fribourg. 4 candidates. In some jurisdictions, a legal assessor is a person appointed to provide legal advice to the Investigations Committee, the Disciplinary Committee, or the Appeal Committee. All that remains is a technocracy’ – political visions reduced to problem management, governments invested by resigned voters to ‘patch up life in the present’; and framing it all a shallow ideal of freedom reduced to the smallest denominator of the market and its shy ideological guardian, liberalism; their imperative of individual expression and happiness tempered by the compulsive fear of grand, moral visions. 211
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. The canton of Fribourg. “The next general municipal elections and the cantonal elections will take place in the spring and autumn 2026 respectively. At its meeting last Monday, the Council of State set the timetable for the various elections.” What is then the place of dystopia within the popular imagination? As pointed out by scholars of utopian studies, utopias are expressions of desire that prompt reflection upon the conditions that generate them and that essentially leave desire unfulfilled. As a political horizon, utopia sits in the liminal zones between the space of comfort, of what we know with certainty when things remain the same and the ambivalent terrain of future and otherness, the source of anxiety but also of promise and potential renewal; in a world of calculation and quantification driven by value extraction, such zones considerably diminish, alternative worlds for the better impossible to imagine, dystopian scripts ringing more consonant with the present. 212
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SWITZERLAND 213
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. At the local level, some of the community secretaries (Gemeindeschreiber), the highest civil servant, are still elected, though less often so than in the past. There is a gray area where governmental bodies provide services also provided by private actors, or where mixed-economy and private enterprises are charged with providing public services. Demarcation problems arise, on the one hand, in trying to separate core administration in a narrower sense from what other governmental actors do, and, on the other hand, in clearly separating public and private sectors. Employees of the postal service or the national railroads, for example, are not counted as part of public administration in a narrower sense, yet they provide public services and are employed by the government (formally, as Staatspersonal). Hospital employees too, depending on who owns their place of employment, may either count as public sector employees (e.g., of a canton) or as part of the private sector. The nomenclature used by the Swiss Federal Statistical Office bases its determination of what counts as part of the public sector on the legal form a given administrative entity takes. Public administration in a narrow sense thus includes national, cantonal, district, and community administrations, along with public corporations. In some jurisdictions, an assessor is a judge’s or magistrate’s assistant. This is the historical meaning of this word. In common law jurisdictions, assessors are usually non-lawyers who sit together with a judge to provide either expert advice (such as on maritime matters) or guidance on local practices. The use of assessors nowadays is quite rare. In some jurisdictions, such as Fiji, assessors are used in place of juries. An assessor’s opinion or view of a case is not binding on a judge. The canton of Fribourg wanted…. “Candidates must have knowledge of the agricultural field. Active citizenship at the cantonal level. Persons of foreign nationality must hold an establishment permit and have been domiciled in the canton for at least five years.” Where are the connections with Laws, Understanding Laws, and Public Service? 214
THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN SWITZERLAND *Fluency in the French language. Le canton de Fribourg est un des trois cantons officiellement bilingues de Suisse, avec Berne et le Valais. Fribourg is one of Switzerland’s three officially bilingual cantons, along with Berne and Valais. Where is Germany? 215
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. It’s the story of a guy who has a hen that lays square eggs… The state recovers it in the name of the national cause… Two days later, the representative of the state returns to the farmer’s house because he doesn’t understand, the chicken makes round eggs… The peasant explains: “Don’t you believe that now that she is a civil servant she has continued to bust her ass!! The themes touched on in the franchise have previously been explored through the vantage point of control theory, positing that it would predominantly be individuals with low capacity for self-control and psychopathic traits who would choose to ‘Purge’ in a real-life scenario resembling the film’s premise. The incapacity of disadvantaged groups reduced to the state of bare survival to adapt to the structural imperatives of dominant socio-economic structures. The reading proposed here sits closer to a critical criminology that also addresses the underlying political economy of cultural scripts that imagine alternative worlds resonating with the present. It intimates that crime dystopian aesthetics articulate visions of the present that destabilize visions of the future in the reassurance of the technocratic stability of the contemporary liberal world, with its fears of hidden monsters that roam the body politic in the absence of state and police power. The Purge proposes a critique of power disparities and (neo)conservative ideology, in line with a more progressive map of interpretation. But its rather bleak visions of the destructive impulses that lie within human nature in the absence of social controls make it seem equally pessimistic in relation to the emancipatory possibilities of progressive politics, in tune with a more conservative line of ideological thought. The analytical exercise put forward here similarly aims to offer a critical unpacking of The Purge as a criminologically relevant text that in its varied layers of meaning can afford theoretical insights into the larger cultural context it is produced and consumed. 216
28 Errors in Judicial Decisions There will always bemistakes. That’s the same in the court system as anywhere else. We’re all human, and none of us are perfect. There’s a lot you can do when you make a mistake in court since the stakes are pretty high. Judges should catch their own mistakes. It’s easy for trials to move pretty fast, and sometimes they’ll realize they didn’t rule correctly on an objection earlier. When they change a ruling, they let the parties know, and they put it on the record. It’s also possible to ask the judge to reconsider rulings, citing legal authority the court missed. If a trial judge believes a serious error occurred during a trial that cannot be fixed, the judge can declare a mistrial, and everything starts over with a new jury. After trial in criminal cases, a defendant can file what is called a postconviction motion. This type of motion has some strict procedural rules, but it gives the trial court another opportunity to fix an unjust verdict. For example, a defendant can allege newly discovered evidence would have made a difference at the trial. Courts SHOULD operate as “informationally disabled” institutions that may lack (or intentionally exclude) important facts when making complex legal decisions. Every case results in a decision, what WE call the “output.” What we‘re concerned with is the “input”—the world of facts. From criminal courts through the appellate system to the final arbitrator, the Supreme Court, 217
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. decisions are based on the “seemingly mundane factual questions that comprise most of what [judges and juries] do: determining just who did what; and how, why, and when they did it.” Among such facts are many complicated “scientific, technical, financial” ones. Neither judges nor juries are, generally, experts in such matters. So, are courts “equipped to make the factual determinations that have important consequences for individual litigants and, increasingly, for social policy as well”? The rules of evidence. Because of our common law heritage, the typical trial “continues to exclude a large amount of information that historians, journalists, detectives, and anyone else trying to make a factual determination would likely consider relevant to their inquiries.” The adversarial judicial process itself may not be the best way of evaluating contested factual questions. A court is not a laboratory nor a controlled clinical trial. It’s also not a “persistent investigation,” expanding into new “avenues of inquiry” as the evidence grows. Courts don’t investigate, observe or experiment on their own; they deal with strictly secondhand information. Yet we now know that there are many issues of reliability with human perception and recollection. “Cross-examination is a far less effective method of exposing error in real life than it is on television.” 1. When courts make “policy about such salient issues as products liability, affirmative action, environmental harm, and insider trading, among many others” they do so based on individual cases that may not be at all “representative of the range of events that policies will cover.” These “restrictions on the access to and evaluation of information” all have their justifications. “Some better than others.” That courts are “systemically informationally disabled is thus not necessarily or always to be lamented. But when considering the “role of the courts in decision-making and policymaking,” we need to take into account “[t]he way in which courts (when compared to individuals, institutions, and other decision-making bodies) operate under procedures and traditions that produce a systematically and 218
ERRORS IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS predictably information-poor decision-making environment.” In a 2004 decision, the Court of Appeal, UK clarified the position by making clear that judicial intervention on the grounds of mistake of fact would be possible in principle in any type of case, subject to the satisfaction of certain clearly specified conditions (E v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2004] EWCA Civ 49 (“E”)). The March decision demonstrates the courts’ willingness to intervene on the grounds of mistake of fact in cases of any type, provided the relevant conditions are met, namely that: there must have been a mistake as to an existing fact, including a mistake as to the availability of evidence on a particular matter; the fact or evidence must have been “established”, in the sense that it was uncontentious and objectively verifiable; the appellant (or his advisors) must not have been responsible for the mistake; and the mistake must have played a material (though not necessarily decisive) part in the tribunal’s reasoning. Case Canton of Fribourg. Case: Ref: JAU/GMU F 23 6449. Applicant Claudia Thalman-Adamo. Suing as an individual. Claims in the action are maternity financial compensation. Reason from the case file defamation and unauthorized recordings of her conversations. Defendant Maryna Hrabar. She doesn’t know PRIVATE Claudia Thalman-Adamo. She has not visited her and does not know her personal information. Maryna Hrabar did not record Claudia Thalman-Adamo ’s secret conversations, did not ask or discuss her private life, did not put up a hidden camera, and did not film Claudia ThalmanAdamo ’s intimate details. However, PUBLIC Claudia Thalman-Adamo was Marina Hrabar’s personal social assistant. She was in possession of her personal information and, as a hired person, was not authorized to discuss the client’s identity or to engage in matters outside of the client’s service activities. However, in the court’s decision, the players in this proceeding were replaced. The state must pay for the rich lady’s Claudia Thalman-Adamo games. Both moral and material damage were denied to Maryna Hrabar. However, in this suit, the applicant Claudia Thalman-Adamo. She is the one who should be denied. 219
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. On June 15, 2023, Claudia THALMANN-ADAMO filed a criminal complaint against Maryna HRABAR for the offenses cited under a heading. 220
ERRORS IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS No compensation or compensation for moral damage is granted to Maryna HRABAR. 221
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. The criminal proceedings opened against Maryna HRABAR for defamation and unauthorized recording of conversations are classified (Art. 319 para. 1 lit. d CPP). 222
ERRORS IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS Julian AUBRY Prosecutor 223
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Modification of the text of a court judgment (a procedure that allows the correction of the text of a court judgment without the result to influence the self and the essence of the judgment). Correction of a typo (if the court ruling contains a typo that affects its execution (the wrong address etc.). German, Maryna Hrabar. Case: Ref: JAU/GMU F 23 6449. Aug. 14, 2023 224
ERRORS IN JUDICIAL DECISIONS Application of the Swiss Anti-Discrimination Act of 1994: Prohibition of racist 225
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. insults, gestures, and insults that reduce the human dignity of Maryna Hrabar (as we also see in the official document of 11.08.2023, Fribourg Switzerland). In view of the illogical things that are happening, ban free speech, prisons, punitive psychiatry…. Prescribe a line for those responsible for material damage in case situations. Case: Ref: JAU/GMU F 23 6449ю Aug. 14, 2023 Only in our country, if you get hit by a car and you sue in court, you get sued for suing. Like the E and Connolly (see Herbert Smith’s e-bulletin regarding Connolly & Havering LBC v Secretary of State for Communities & Local Government [2009] EWCA Civ 1059, “Challenging a decision for the mistake of fact”, 19 November 2009) decisions which preceded it, this Swiss case illustrates how the Swiss courts will approach reviewing administrative decisions on grounds of material error, and demonstrates how this ground is not now readily accepted as a separate ground for judicial review. This decision does though highlight that the Swiss courts remain more willing to intervene in circumstances where the facts in question are clearcut (even if they are quite complex in nature), like in this case. Whilst Maryna Hrabar did not expressly refer to the requirement set out that the error in question concerns facts that are clearly defined and objectively ascertainable, the court didn‘t clearly view the Claudia Thalman-Adamo case misunderstanding as demonstrably wrong. The courts will be less willing to quash decisions on the basis of material error in cases where the facts at issue are not clear. Finally, the fact that only one reason was given by the canton of Fribourg for its decision in this case made it more vulnerable to a successful challenge on the basis of material error of fact. This case therefore shows the importance for public authorities, when providing reasons for their decisions, to ensure that these are as accurate and comprehensive as possible. 226
29 The utopia-dystopia binary Discussing the ideological function of the utopia-dystopia binary, the science fiction writer Kim Stanley Robinson projects dystopia as a kind of surrealism’ or exaggeration of the present, along the same terms. Not to depict futures that are necessarily plausible but to express the cultural fears of our days; to offer comfort in the realization of how much worse things could be, as suffered by the heroically resisting and tortured fictional characters trapped within dystopian worlds – a call for action to avoid their fate by our inaction but also a form of resignation that it is not happening to us, ‘part of our allencompassing hopelessness’. Further on, such texts drift towards anti-utopia, the notion that there is no better alternative world and that pursuing one might inevitably lead to the horrors of the Gulags, Nazi concentration camps, and the other failed experiments of recent modernity. As the sci-fi author details: For every concept there is both a not-concept and an anti-concept. So utopia is the idea that the political order could be run better. Dystopia is the not, being the idea that the political order could get worse. Antiutopias are anti, saying that the idea of utopia itself is wrong and bad and that any attempt to try to make things better is sure to wind up making things worse, creating an intended or unintended totalitarian state, or some other such political disaster. 227
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “way of thinking”. My draft. 228
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY Now I know. Time, place, who. 229
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Maryna Hrabar does not have a contract for the residential address of this apartment. It is actually the office premises of a private commercial company ORS. Therefore a permanent address must be provided. Her permanent address is in Ireland. 230
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY Lost profits *e.g. couldn’t get to work and moral damages *spiritual anxiety, worry, racing around Switzerland. 231
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. My rights and all supporting documents. 232
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY What Is Personal Information Under Data Privacy Laws To determine whether the information is personal, the question to ask is: Can this information identify a specific person? For example, a list of middle names alone means nothing, but those same names paired with first and last names are an example of personal information. Sensitive Information Sensitive information is a designation sometimes used for data that requires special protection. These protections vary under different laws, so check the definition for each data privacy law you must comply with first. Sensitive information often includes: • Health • Race • Political views • Religion • Sex life • Sexual orientation • Biometrics • Genetics • Trade union affiliation Subjective data, on the other hand, is information that can only tell something about a person if combined and used in very particular ways. Examples of subjective data include: -Notes you took at a meeting -A list of the ages of everyone’s kids -Email -Complaint file 233
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. On August 7, 2023, Maryna HRABAR, a Ukrainian national with an S permit, filed a criminal complaint against Claudia THALMANN-ADAMO, her former social worker working for the ORS company. 234
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY “These include highlighting a dispute between the complainant and the company ORS, after the latter had imposed a financial penalty against him.” But it was a private story of Claudia Thalman-Adamo, wasn‘t it? 235
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. “It must be noted that there is no relevant element justifying opening criminal proceedings against Claudia THALMANN-ADAMO.” How about the 1st stage “Maryna Hrabar case”? 236
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY “The allegations of the complainant are confused and disjointed and do not rely on any physical evidence.” Julian AUBRY Prosecutor * THE SAME FROM THE 1ST stage 237
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. A double standard is a principle or policy that is applied in a different manner to similar things, without proper justification. Essentially, this means that a double standard occurs when two or more things, such as individuals or groups, are treated differently, when they should be treated the same way. For example, a double standard can involve treating two similar employees differently after they do the same thing, by punishing one and rewarding the other, even though there is no valid reason to do so. Because double standards can have serious consequences, it’s important to understand them. As such, in the following article you will learn more about double standards, and see what you can do in order to respond to their use, as well as what you can do to avoid using them yourself. A famous literary example of double standards appears in George Orwell’s 1945 novel “Animal Farm“, in which a group of animals decides to take over the farm where they live, so they can rule themselves instead of having humans rule over them. One of the core rules that the animals decide to follow is that “all animals are equal”. However, as time passes, the pigs gather power over the other animals, and give themselves preferential treatment in a variety of ways. Eventually, this culminates in the pigs revoking all the rules that the animals initially agreed on, in place of a single rule, which exemplifies the concept of double standards: “all animals are equal, but some animals are more equal than others”. Double standards can also be applied toward things other than individuals or groups. For example, someone might apply double standards when it comes to hobbies, by mocking a hobby for involving behaviors that this person thinks are fine when they’re a part of other hobbies. Similarly, someone might praise the attributes of a product made by a company that they like, even though this person criticizes those attributes when they appear in products made by competing companies. 238
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY Professional offerings. Example. 239
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Missed financial opportunities and actual calculation of damages. Maryna Hrabar 240
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY Measurement and value of business reputation. 10+ books. Example. 241
CADRE SIBLINGS WITH TED BUNDY. Measurement and value of business reputation. Hours of Maryna Hrabar video. Example. Reputation takes time to build and moments to destroy. It is highly subjective but can be molded with a clear strategy to manage how your business is seen in other people’s eyes. 242
THE UTOPIA-DYSTOPIA BINARY Another famous example of double standards appears in the Latin phrase “quod licet Jovi, non licet bovi” which can be translated as ‘‘what is permissible for Jove (who is also known as ‘Jupiter’, and who is the king of the gods in Roman mythology), is not permitted to cattle”. This concept has been described as being a double standard that is antithetical to the rule of law: “[This phrase] has always seemed to me to symbolize the opposite of what I consider to be the rule of law. And the rule of law is what I perceive and consider judging to be about—at least it is why I went into judging rather than into some of the previous endeavors that Roger’s introduction of me laid out at some length. The rule of law means that, to the extent that fallible judges are capable of adhering to it, the expectation is that when you go before a court, the outcome depends on the merits of your case, not your political status, relation to the court, or other personal characteristics. It does not mean that the law is a mechanical enterprise—it cannot be. But it should mean that the judge will apply the same standards to the merits of your case, as to those of any other case, whatever the color of your skin or the content of your character.” — From “Challenges to the Rule of Law: Or, Quod Licet Jovi Non Licet Bovi”, by Danny J. Boggs, Chief Judge in the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit (2006) When double standards are applied with regard to a particular trait, this is sometimes reflected in the way the double standards are referred to. This includes, for example, racial double standards, where people from different races are judged or treated differently, as well as gender-based double standards, where people of different genders are judged or treated differently, particularly when it comes to sexual behavior and relationships, a phenomenon that is also referred to as sexual double standards. 243
30 Never give up Traductions en contexte de “This is not an end” en anglais-français What does “It is a means to an end, not an end in itself” mean? 1. It is a means to an end, not an end in itself. 2. It is more of a means to an end rather than an end in itself. An “end” or “end in itself” is the end result, the ultimate goal, the final conclusion. A “means to an end”, therefore, is a way of getting to a given goal. So for example, if I want to lose ten pounds, I might start running to lose weight. For me, running is a means (the very act of running) to an end (losing the weight). I could also start dieting; I don’t want to eat less but it is a means to an end. If, however, I actually like running, the act of running is itself the end, so the expression would not be appropriate. A related expression is “The ends justify the means.” This phrase is used when the end result justifies whatever action was used to get there. The main character in a movie who wants to avenge a murdered loved one might go on a killing rampage to get at the murderer, and you might say that for her, the ends justified the means. The idiom “A means to an end” differentiates between an end goal and the 244
NEVER GIVE UP means or methods and actions used to reach that goal. If I wanted to get a job, a means to that end might be writing my resume. When I found a job my end would be achieved, the goal I had in mind. But the end was never to write myself a good resume, that was only a means to the end, getting a job. People use double standards both intentionally and unintentionally, for various reasons. Intentional use of double standards involves a conscious and active decision to apply them and occurs primarily when people feel that the double standards in question could help them achieve some goal. This goal can involve things such as helping someone that they favor, hurting someone that they dislike, or making their arguments sound more persuasive. People often apply double standards when it comes to how they judge their own behavior compared to the behavior of others, because they want to feel better about their actions. This means, for instance, that when it comes to judging some highly negative action, people might judge the action less harshly if they themself performed it, compared to if someone else had performed it, partly because they don’t want to feel bad about what they did. To determine whether something that you’ve encountered is a double standard or not, there are two main things that you should consider: • Are two (or more) things being treated differently? • If there is a different treatment, is there a valid reason for it? A double standard occurs when there is unequal treatment that’s not properly justified. This is important because it means that unequal treatment of two or more things isn’t always a double standard, and can sometimes be reasonable. When in doubt, apply the principle of charity, and don’t assume that a double standard is being used if there is a plausible alternative explanation, as long as it’s reasonable to do so. Furthermore, as long as it’s reasonable to do so, you should apply Hanlon’s razor, and operate under the assumption that the person using the double standard is doing so unintentionally. 245
31 How to avoid applying double standards yourself *By providing insight into the mind of Ted Bundy, an imaginary situation. A fifth installment (The Forever Purge) is set to premiere in 2021 and two 10- episode seasons of a spinoff series also written by James DeMonaco have been released in 2018 and 2019, respectively. Throughout the films, the premise and justification of the NFFA’s grip on power is that the Purge contributes to stabilizing and reducing unemployment, as well as almost doing away with violent crime by compressing it into a synchronized collective release. James Sandin, the father of the affluent family living in the suburbs (played by Ethan Hawke) who makes his fortune selling anti-Purge home security systems explains this to his son, who struggles to make sense of the night: ‘Look, I know that this is difficult to understand at your age but tonight allows people a release for all the hatred, and violence, and aggression that they keep up inside them’. When the boy later opens the door to provide shelter to a homeless man fleeing for his life, Sandin answers the assailants giving him an ultimatum to hand over the fugitive (now hiding in his house) that he would never deny their right to ‘purge’. ‘You don’t know how bad it was, Charlie, the poverty, all the crime. This night saved our country, he had previously remarked to his conflicted son. 246