Nepali Book Class 9

क ा९

 
 
 
 
 

 

नेपाल सरकार  

िश ा ,िव ान तथा िविध म ालय

पा म िवकास के    

सानोिठिम, भ पुर     

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lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno

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ISBN: 978-9937-601-29-0

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ky| d ;+:s/0f M lj= ;+= @)&#
k'g d'b0| f M lj= ;=+ @)&^

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kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] bs| f] lnlvt :jLs[ltlagf Jofkfl/s ko| fh] gsf nflu o;sf]
k"/} jf cfl+ zs efu x'ax' k|sfzg ug,{ kl/jtg{ u//] ks| fzg ug{, sg' } ljB'tLo
;fwg jf cGo kl| jlwaf6 clen]va4 ug{ / kl| tlnlk lgsfNg kfOg] 5}g .

d'bs| M hgs lzIff ;fduL| sG] b| ln=
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/ .

xfdf| ] egfO

ljBfno lzIffnfO{ ;d;fdlos kl/jz] cg¿' k ;fGbles{ agfpg] p2Z] on] kf7o\ jm| d tyf kf7o\ k:' tssf] ljsf;
tyf kl/dfh{g ug{] sfo{nfO{ kf7\ojm| d ljsf; sG] b|n] lg/Gt/tf lbb“ } cfPsf] 5 . ljBfyL{df /fi6«, /fli6«o
Pstf / nf]stlGqs ;+:sl[ tk|lt kl| ta4 eO{ g}ltstf, cg'zf;g, :jfjnDag, l;hg{ zLntf h:tf ;fdflhs
Pjd\ rfl/lqs u0' fx¿sf] ljsf; u/fpg' cfjZos 5 . o;/L g} ljBfyLd{ f cfwf/et" eflifs tyf ul0ftLo
l;knufot lj1fg, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ kl| jlw / jftfj/0f tyf :jf:Yo ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t 1fgsf ;fy}
b}lgs hLjg, k;] f tyf Joj;fodf cfjZos kg{] hLjgf]kofu] L l;kx¿sf] ljsf; u/fpg' h?/L 5 .
pgLx¿df snf / ;fG} bo,{ dfgjLo dN" o / dfGotf, cfbz{ / j}lzi6\ox¿sf] ;+/If0f tyf ;+jw{gk|lt
;sf/fTds ;f]rsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 . ;dfjz] L ;dfhsf] lgdf{0fdf ;xofu] k¥' ofpg pgLx¿df
ljleGg hfthflt, lnªu\ , efiff, wd{, ;:+ sl[ t / If]qkl| t ;defj hufO{ dfgj clwsf/ tyf ;fdflhs dN" o /
dfGotfkl| t ;rt] eO{ lhDdj] f/Lk0" f{ cfr/0fsf] ljsf; u/fpg' klg cfhsf] cfjZostf xf ] .

o; kf7\ok':tssf] n]vg k|f=8f= ;'wf lqkf7L, 8f= wgk|;fb ;'j]bL, w|'jk|;fb 9'ª\ufgf / b|f]0f
bfxfnaf6 ePsf] xf] . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ o; :j¿kdf Nofpg] sfo{df s]Gbs| f sfos{ f/L lgb]z{ s >L lbjfs/
9'ªu\ ]n, kf| = 8f= sb] f/k;| fb zdf,{ k|f= 8f= /fdgfy cfe] mf, k|f=8f=/dz] k|;fb e66\ /fO{, rGbs| fGt e';fn,
8f= uLtf v/n] , dwk' ;| fb ltldlN;gf, l;l4axfb/' dxh{gnufotsf dxfge' fjsf] ljz]if of]ubfg /x]sf]
5 . o; kf7\ok':tssf] ljifoj:t' ;Dkfbg /hgL lwdfn / efiff ;Dkfbg lrgfs'df/L lg/f}nfaf6,
lrqfªs\ g ;l' gn /l~ht / snf ;Dkfbg >Lxl/ >]i7af6 ePsf] xf] . o; kf7o\ k':tssf] ljsf; tyf
kl/dfh{g sfod{ f ;n+ Ug ;a}kl| t kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb| wGojfb ks| 6 ub{5 .

kf7o\ k':tsnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfOsf] dxŒjk"0f{ ;fwgsf ¿kdf lnOG5 . o;af6 ljBfyL{n] kf7o\ jm| dåf/f
nlIft ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{ dbt kU' g] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ;s];Dd ljm| ofsnfkdv' L
/ ?lrs/ agfpg] k|oTg ul/Psf] 5 . kf7\ok':tsnfO{ ce}m kl/is[t kfg{sf nflu lzIfs, ljBfyL{,
cleefjs, a'l4hLjL Pjd\ ;Dk"0f{ kf7sx¿sf] ;d]t dxŒjk"0f{ e"ldsf /xg] x'“bf ;Da4 ;a}sf]
/rgfTds ;'emfjsf nflu kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb| xflb{s cg'/f]w ub{5 .


g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf k|ljlw dGqfno

lj= ;+= @)&% kf7o\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb|

ljifo;"rL k[i7 ;ª\Vof

jm| d ;ª\Vof zLif{s !
!@
!= b'O{ ldtsf] syf !*
@= ofqf ;?' u/f}“ @(
#= ;ªu\ Lt1 /fdz/0f bgf{n $)
$= d sf] x“' < %@
%= dfgj ar] lavg lj?4 xfdf| ] bfloTj %(
^= alxgLnfO{ lr7L &)
&= lgbf| *)
*= j;Gt sfl] sn **
(= hl} js v]tL ((
!)= dª\unfsf tLg lbg !)(
!!= 8fS6/ cªs\ n !@)
!@= cfª ;fg ;s' L !@(
!#= ;o /ª OGb|g] L !#*
!$= dlxnf lx;+ f !$&
!%= 5fqfjf;
!^= aGwgaf6 d'lSt

kf7 ! b'O{ ldtsf] syf

! rf/sf;] ] emf8Lsf] lardf jgb]jLsf] dlGb/sf] 5]pdf Pp6f ljzfn ?v lyof] . To; ?vnfO{
b'O{ ldtx¿n] cfkm\gf] 3/ agfPsf lyP . tL bO' d{ f Pp6f nf6fs] f];]/f] lyof] . csf{] rflxF xfQL
lyof] . pgLx¿ Ps csfl{ ;t dfG5s] f] efiffdf s/' f uy{] / dfG5n] ] h:t} ldqtfsf] Jojxf/ klg uy{] .
cfkmg\ f ldtnfO{ af]nfpg ;lhnf] xf;] \ egL ltgn] gfd klg dfG5]s} h:tf /fvs] f lyP .
nf6f]sf];/] fsf] gfd g]qnfn lyof] eg] xfQLsf] gfd rflxF s0f{sfGt lyof] .

@ g]qnfn kG5L xg' fn] ?vsf xfuF fdf r9/] ;'Tg] uYof]{ / s0f{sfGt rflxF ?vsf] kmb] d} /ft
latfpYF of] . lbgel/ tL cfkmg\ f cfkm\gf cfxf/sf vfh] Ldf PSnfPSn} Psf Psflt/ nfUy,] t/
;feF m kbf{ gkb{} tL cfkmg\ f 3/lt/ kmls;{ Sy] / Ps csfn{ fO{ lbgel/ cfkm" n] bv] e] fu] s] f s/' fx¿sf]
an] Lla:tf/ nufpFy] . ltgLx¿ o;/L laglaRrdf s/' f dfq bf]rfbg{} y,] k/]sf j]nfdf cfkm\gf
ldtsf nflu Hofg} ;dt] lbgk' /] klg v;' L;fy lbGy], slxNo} kl5 x6t\ g} y] . cfh efl] n htftt}
:jfys{ f] huhuL ePsfn] xfdLnfO{ o:tf] ldqtfsf] pNn]v xFb' f cfZro{ nfUg ;Snf, t/ g]qnfn
/ s0fs{ fGt ;fRF r} g} kfO{ g;Sgs' f ldt lyP .

zAbfy{

ldqtf M ;fyLsf] Jojxf/

cfxf/ M efh] g, vfg]s'/f

an] Lla:tf/ nufpg' M hDd} aofg ug'{

huhuL M eo, qf;, vt/f

g]kfnL M sIff ( 1

#= /xbF f a:bf Ps lbg oL bO' { ldqnfO{ 7'nf] cfkt cfOk/5] . s] eP5 eg] g]qnfn ;w}F h:t} 3fd
c:tfpg] c:tfpg] an] fdf cfkm\gf] lbpF;fs] f] sfd l;WofO;sk] l5 e'?/{ p8\b} rR' r] 9ª' u\ f] pxL
6'ªu\ f] eg] emF} cfkm\gf] ?vdf cfOk'u]5 . t/ s0fs{ fGtn] eg] To; lbg l9nf] u/]sf] bv] ]/ gq] nfn
lrlGtt eP5 . lrlGtt x'g' klg :jfefljs} lyof], lsgeg] s0fs{ fGt slxNo} klg 3/ kms{g l9nf]
ub}{GYof] . xf], g]qnfn p8g\ ] hGt' x'gfn] 6f9f 6f9f 3D' g k'u] klg ju] l;t p8/] ;dod} 3/

kms{GYof,] t/ s0f{sfGt p8g\ g;s] klg pm cfkm\gf] Pdfgsf] lhpnfO{ htfaf6 / h;/L eP klg

To; ?vsf km]bdf 3fd c:tfpbF f gc:tfpbF } NofOk¥' ofpFYof] . To; lbg eg] crDd} eP5 . 3fd
c:tfO;s5] / klg s0fs{ fGt kms]g{ 5 . la:tf/} ls/fx¿sf] Psfx] f]/f] lsl//L a9b\ } uP5, cWF of/f]

rf/l} t/af6 ‰jfKk 5fK] t} NofP5 / emdSs ;fFem k/]5 . g]qnfnsf] dg cft];n] 56\k6fpFb}

uP5 . p;sf] 5ftL slQ lyRtf klg a?' sa'?s pk|mg 5f8g] 5 . afa} lg s] ePsf] lg o:tf] ∕
oltsf jif;{ Dd oL b'O{ ldtn] Ps csf{sf ;fydf hLjg latfPsf lyP . o:tf] slxNo} klg ePsf]
lyPg . sg' } pm h:t} 7n' f] lhpsL 9f]O{ g} kf] p;n] e6] of] ls < To;n] cleGg ldqnfO{ p;af6
r6Ss r'8F fP/ nuL ls < x/] ∕ s0fs{ fGtn] cfkm\gf] ldtnfO{ laxfg eg/] } uPsf] eP p;sf] d6' '
o;/L 9s' 9's t x'g] lyPg . p;nfO{ o:tf] c;fWo jb] gfn] vu|f; t kfg{] lyPg .

$= xb] f{x]b{} cfsfzel/ tf/fx¿ 9sdSs dss} f k"mn h:t} a/// pbfP . t/ s0fs{ fGtsf] eg] st}
kQfk] mfF6 lyPg . pm To;/L g} lanfof] h;/L lbg lanfP/ uPsf] lyof,] pHofnf] lanfP/ uPsf]
lyof] / ;fFem lanfP/ uPsf] lyof] .

%= 6x6x hg" nfUbf sDtL /dfOnf] xb'F }GfYof] . Tof] kmfF6, tf/fx¿ To;/L ;u/} 9fs/] 6NsFbf
sDtL :jflbnf] xF'bg} Yof], Tof] jg . t/ x/] s0f{sfGt g} gePkl5 gq] nfnnfO{ ca To; hg" sf]
s] sfd, tL tf/fx¿sf] s] dxŒj ∕ ;fyL g} gePkl5 g]qnfnn] To; ?vnfO{ 5f8] klg eof,]
s0fs{ fGtn] p;nfO{ dfof df/] h:t} p;n] klg To; jgnfO{ dfof df/] klg eof] .

^= /ft l5lKkbF } uof,] t/ s0fs{ fGtsf] ;OF' sf;] Dd klg gq] nfnn] kfPg . xf,] pm p8/] vfH] g hfg ;SYof,]
t/ To;} j]nf s0fs{ fGt nds / emds ub}{ ToxfF cfOkU' of] eg] < p;n] kv6] f Eof6Eof6 u¥of],
lj/xsf] pnn' 'n' :j/ p/fNof] / g/dfOnfl] ;t cfª dsfo{ f] . cxF, p;sf] ldt st} bv] f k/g] .

&= hg" p;/L g} k/ bl] vg] gbLsf] kfgLdf 6nNn 6lNs/x\of], tf/fx¿ lr;} rlDs/x] / /ft ;'nn' '
lrlKn/x\of] . s0f{sfGt x/fPsf] lyof], t/ To:tf] 7n' f] s/' fn] klg ltgdf s'g} lj/x Nofpg
;s]g . Pp6f gq] nfn dfq} To;} To;} e'6\el' 6O/xs] f] lyof] .

zAbfy{ g]kfnL M sIff (

pNnv] M egfO
Pdfgsf] M Hofb} 7'nf]
cft]; M 8/, qf;
cleGg M Hofb} glhssf] / Kof/f]

2

*= ca cfOxfN5 ls eGg] cGof]ndf lkª v]Nbfv]Nb} g]qnfnn] cfwf /ft 5n{ª\u
latfP5 . p;sf cf“vf nfUg dfq nfu]sf lyP, s0f{sfGt ;fx|} dGb ultdf nf]Y¥ofs
nf]Y¥ofs u//] cfpbF f 5j] d} f cfOku' k] l5 dfq p;n] bv] ]5 .

(= æs] eof] ldt s0fs{ fGt, cfh tkfO{nF fO{ s] eof] <Æ ;fx|} cfTdLotf;fy xfFufaf6 tn em//]
gq] nfnn] ;fw] ]5 .

!)= æd t tkfO{lF ;t ;bfsf nflu labf dfUg cfPsf, d/] f k/dlk|o ldq g]qnfn ∕ daf6 cGhfgdf
jf VofnVofndf sg' } g/fdf| ] afn] Larg jf Jojxf/ ePsf] eP ldt hfgL Ifdf lbg'xf]nf, en' r's
ePsf] eP dfkm lbg'xf]nf ∕Æ dfofn' :j/df s0fs{ fGtn] eg]5 .

!!= gq] nfnsf] dgdf r;Ss k/5] . xf]Og, s0fs{ fGtn] ;fFRr} s'g} 9f]O{ e6] ] h:t} 5, gq pm lsg
olt l9nf] kmsG{ Yof], lsg dl;t labf dfUYof] / lsg e'nrs' df dfkm lbgx' f]nf eGYof] eGg]
p;nfO{ k/5] .

!@= t/ s0fs{ fGtsf] cg'xf/df cfgGbsf] pHofnf] lyPg . To:tf] rxlsnf] /ftdf klg pm cf;F} L h:tf]
j]bgfdf r'nD'{ d 8a' s] f] h:tf] bl] vGYof] . gq] nfnsf vlKk; cfFvfn] xfQLnfO{ kSsf klg 8/
nfUb} ;d:of cfOk/]sf] x'gk' 5{ eGg] 7DofP . To;n} ] cToGt :g]x;fy p;n] eGof], ætkfO{nF fO{
s'g} cfkt\ cfOk/] h:tf] d bV] t} 5' . s] eof] < cfh sxfF hfge' of] < s;s;l;t tkfOFs{ f] e]6
eof] < s;}n] afn] Ljrg kf] nufof] ls < cyjf tkfOF{nfO{ sg' } /fu] n] kf] e6] o\ f] ls <Æ

!#= s0fs{ fGtn] ;F9' nœofPsf] nœofo} eGof], æd dg]{ ePF, d/] f] of] ljzfn lhp rfS] 6f rf]S6f x'g]
eof] .Æ

!$= g]qnfn] kSs kb}{ ;f]Wof,] æs;/L <Æ

!%= s/' f] s] /x]5 eg] To; lbg laxfg s0fs{ fGt gbLsf] lsgf/} lsgf/ pQ/lt/ nfu]5 . pm hLjgdf
slxNo} klg To; lbzflt/ nfu]sf] lyPg . hfbF f hfFbf cUnf cUnf kxf8x¿sf] lardf pm
ku' 5] . u8tL/} u8tL/ lxF8b\ f 8f8F fx¿sf] cUnfO{ a9b\ } uP5 . tL gfua]nL kb}{ uP5g\ /
db} fgaf6 cf]emn] k/]/ pm o:tf] 8/nfUbf] 7fpdF f ku' 5] , hxfF crDdsf] zflGt km}lnPsf] /x]5 .
ePg, ca kmlsg{ 'k¥of] eg/] s0f{sfGtn] ;'9“ prfn]/ cfkm\gf] z/L/nfO{ o;f] blIf0flt/ 3d' fpg}
cf6F s] f] lyof], p;sf sfgdf cgf}7f] sNofªaNofª 7f]lSsg cfOk'u5] . o:tf] ;g' ;fg 7fpFdf

zAbfy{ vlKk; M cg'ejL
cGof]n M bfw] f/, bfd] g u8tL/ M gbLsf] lsgf/
cfvF f nfUg' M emkSs lgwfpg' gfua]nL M ;k{ em}F uF'8'lNsPsf]
ult M j]u, rfn cfe] mn] kg'{ M 5]lsg,' 5fofdf kg{'
cfTdLotf M k]|d, :gx] sNofªaNofª M vn} fan} f, xNnf
Ifdf M dfkmL
3
g]kfnL M sIff (

klg sf] a:bf /x]5g\ x]g{k' ¥of,] e/] ldt g]qnfnnfO{ 5Ss kfb}{ ltgsf ljifodf eGg kfOg]
5 eGg] ljrf/n] s0f{sfGt To; xf]xNnflt/ uP5 . ;k{ u'8F l' NsP h:tf 8fF8fx¿sf] km]blt/
hªu\ nsf] lardf Pp6f ;fgf] vn' f rp/ /x]5 h;df 7'N7n' f ?vsf d'9fx¿ hf]t/] cfuf] afnL
To;sf jl/kl/ /fIf;x¿ gflr/xs] f /x]5g\ . Tof] Pp6f c;fWo} /fd|f] / 7'nf] cf9] f/df uP/
7f]lSsPsf] /x5] . /fIf;x¿ To; cf9] f/sf] dv' af6 kfgL au] h:t} rp/lt/ lg:sbf /x]5g\ .

!^= a8d] fgsf] xfQL PSsfl; ToxfF cfOk'Ubf Pp6f /fIf;n] pkm| Fb} To;sf] 5]pdf uP/ xif{ ks| 6
u/]5, æxfd|f /fhfn] lxhf] /flt ;kgfdf xfQLsf] df;' vfPsf] b]vs] f lyP, cfh ;fRF r} vfg kfpg]
eP . xfdLn] klg xfQLsf] df;' rfVg kfpg] eof}F ∕Æ

!&= æ;kgfdf h] b]Vof] lakgfdf ToxL sxfF kU' 5 / <Æ s0fs{ fGtn] lj/f]w hgfP5 .

!*= æxfdLn] 9fF6s] f] xf]Og . lxF8, xfd|f /fhfsf] 5pdf uP/ cfkmF} ;f]wÆ eGb} la; klRr; /fIf;x¿n]
s0f{sfGtnfO{ 7]n/] cf]9f/s} d'vlt/ nu] .

!(= xfQL b]Vg] lalQs} /fn rx' fpbF } ;f/f /fIf; s6] fs6] Lx¿ lt3|f 76fO{ 76fO{ s/fpg yfn], æcfh
xfQLsf rf]S6f rfVg kfOg] eof,] cfh xfQL vfg kfOg] eof] ∕Æ

@)= /fIf;x¿sf] /fhf klg pHofnf] cg'xf/ nufP/ cf9] f/ aflx/ cfof] . xfQLnfO{ wfk lbbF } p;n]
eGof,] æ;o+ f]usf] s/' f] xf] . d d/] f sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ xfQL ;dft]/ Nofpg nufpbF } lyPF . tF
cfkm}F cfOk'lu5;\ . s'/f] s] eg] dn} ] ;kgfdf xfQLsf] df;' vfPsf] lyPF / d]/f] ;kgf hlxn]
klg ldN5 . tFnfO{ d ca sf6s'6 kfg{ nufP/ vfG5,' al' em;\ gfª\nfsfg] ∕Æ

@!= æd/] f] gfd s0f{sfGt xf] . dnfO{ s0f{sfGt eg/] af]nfpgx' f;] \ .Æ s0fs{ fGtn] eGof] .

@@= æs0f{sfGt xf];\ ls gfªn\ fsfg] xf];\, s] km/s eof] / < ca tn}F ] xfd|f /fhfsf] ;kgf k¥' ofpg}
k5{ ∕Æ Pp6f /fIf;n] lar}df l6Kk0fL u¥of] .

@#= æta}tf/] ∕ t}n] ca :jflbnf] rfS] 6}rf]S6f xg' k} 5{ ∕Æ csf{n] yKof] .

@$= æ;kgf t ;kgf xf,] Tof] lakgf s;/L x'G5 lg < Æ s0f{sfGtn] ;fW] of] .

@% ædn} ] b]v]kl5 ;kgf klg lakgf x'G5, al' em;\ . d]/f] ;kgf slxNo} v/] hfbF g} .Æ /fIf;sf]
/fhfn] hafkm lbof] .

zAbfy{
d9' f M a8]dfgsf ?vsf 6'j|mfx¿
a8]dfgsf] M w/] } 7'nf,] ljzfn
gfªn\ fsfg] M gfª\nf hqf sfg xg' ]
l6Kk0fL ug'{ M ljrf/ kf]Vg,' dt eGg'
ta}tf/] M c,F Tof] s'/f ;fFrf] xf]

4 gk] fnL M sIff (

@^ s0f{sfGtn] w/] } ts{ u¥of,] w]/} laGtL u¥of] / w/] } ae' mfpg vf]Hof,] t/ 9ª' u\ f h:tf] xb[ o ePsf
/fIf;x¿n] k6Ss} dfgg] g\ . tL p;nfO{ df//] vfG5f}F vfG5fF} eg]/ s/fO{ g} /x], pkm| L g} /x] .

@&= nfv laGtL ubf{ klg s0fs{ fGtsf] s]xL nfug] . p;n] dgk{} g]{ eof] . clGtd cj:yfdf p;nfO{
cfkmg\ f k/d :gx] L ldt g]qnfnsf] ;Demgf eof] . p;n] eGof,] æp;f] eP dnfO{ d]/f ldt
gq] nfnl;t uP/ clGtd labf dfUg lbg'xf];\ . pgLl;t labf eP/ d ;fe] m} oxLF kmsG{ 5,' km/s
kg]{ 5g} .Æ

@*= /fIf;x¿ dfg]sf lyPgg\, t/ /fIf;sf] /fhfn] eg]5, æxG' 5, dge{' Gbf cufl8 t/] f] ;fyLnfO{ e]6]/
cfOh . t/ kmsg{ ' rflxF k5{ lg ∕Æ

@(= æxj;\ ∕Æ eg]/ s0fs{ fGt cfkm\gf] jf;:yfglt/ nfu]5 .

#)= w/] } tn cfOku' ]kl5 p;sf] hDsf e]6 Pp6f h/fofl;t eP5 . To; h/fofl;t s0f{sfGtn]
;f]w]5, æs] ;kgf klg lakgf h:t} ;frF f] xg' ;S5 <Æ

#!= h/fofn] s'/} gae' mL KofRr hjfkm lbP5, æxG' 5, lsg gx'g' <Æ

#@= lgs} a]/kl5 p;n] Pp6f cgfn{ fO{ rb{} u/]sf] b]v5] / To;sf 5]pdf uP/ eg5] , ædnfO{ Pp6f
s/' f] ;f]Wg' lyof] .Æ

##= æs] < Æ d'G6f] h'?Ss prfn/] gfssf kf]/f k'mnfpFb} cgfn{ ] ;fw] 5] .

#$= æ;kgfdf b]vs] f] s'/f] lakgfdf kfOG5 <Æ s0fs{ fGtn] cfkmg\ f] ;d:ofnfO{ cl3 ;f/5] .
#%= ælsg gkfpg' lg <Æ afN] bf klg k;} f knf{ h:tf] ub{} cgf{n] 3f;F rafpFb} eg]5 .

#^= o;/L s0fs{ fGt xfQLn] h; h;l;t ;fw] ]5, tL ;a}n] p;nfO{ lg/fz} kf/]5g\ . s;n} ] klg ;kgf
;kg} xf], Tof] k/" f x'g ;St}g eg/] eg]g5g\ .

#&= s0fs{ fGtnfO{ afRF g] cfzf gePsfn] p;sf] ;Dk"0f{ k'mtL{ ;n] fP5 . g]qnfnnfO{ cfkm\gf ldtsf]
bogLo l:ylt bv] ]/ c;fWo} dfof nfu5] . p;n] eg5] , æd]/f Kof/f ldt, To;/L dge{' Gbf cufl8
g} v'6\6f tfGg tkfO{F h:tf jL/nfO{ ;'xfpbF }g .Æ

#*= s0fs{ fGtn] cfFvfel/ cf;F ' kf//] ;g' fP5, æd t ca hfg] g} ePF, dnfO{ t ca 6j' m| f 6'j|mf kf/]/
tL cnlR5g /fIf;x¿n] x;g' {] g} eP . t/ tkfOF{ eg] dnfO{ ;Dem/] lrGtf gug'x{ f]nf . d ca
hfG5' klg .Æ

zAbfy{

:gx] L M dfofn', Kof/f]
hDsf e6] M PSsfl; xg' ] bO' { kIfsf] e]6
cgf{ M hª\unL eF;} L
lrGtf ug'{ M zfs] dfGg'

gk] fnL M sIff ( 5

#(= gq] nfn slt rf]l6 s0f{sfGtsf] 6fpsf]dfly a;]/ To; hªu\ ndf 3'ds] f] lyof] . Ps tfssf]
s/' f] xf] . xfFufdf c8\lsP/ p;sf] kv6] fsf] km]bdf rf]6 nfu]sf] lyof] . s0fs{ fGt nDk;f/ k//]
;l' tlbGYof] / gq] nfn cfkmg\ f v'6\6fn] la:tf/L 6S] t} p;sf] 6fpsfdf r9Y\ of] . clg s0fs{ fGt
h?' Ss p7]/ ;fyLnfO{ otf / ptf 3d' fpg nfGYof] . gq] nfnsf] kv6] fsf] kmb] df b'lv/xGYof,]
t/ s0f{sfGtsf ld7f ld7f s/' fn] ubf{ pm cfkmg\ f] 3fpnfO{ la;G{ Yof] . bO' { tLg dlxgf o;/L
oL bO' { ldt;Fu;uF } 3'dk] l5 g]qnfnsf] 3fp /fd|}l;t lgsf] ePsf] lyof] .

$)= g]qnfnn] To;} s'/fnfO{ ;Dem]/ eGof,] ældtHo", p8/] hfpmF eg] d}n] /fIf;x¿ a:g] cf]9f/
b]v]sf] 5}g . b]lvxfn]5' eg] klg tkfOF{eGbf cufj} d ToxfF ku' /] s] sfd < lxF8/] hfpF m eg]
rDss] f] 3f]8fn] t nDss] f] xfQLnfO{ e6] g\ ;St}g eg] d nf6fs] f;] ]/f]n] s;/L ;f/ ldnfpg
;Sg' < d]/f] 3fp x'Fbf tkfO{n“ ] s;/L dnfO{ 6fpsfdf /fv]/ 8'nfO{ lx8F \g'x'GYof] < ;Demgf 5 <
d To;u} /L tkfOs“{ f] 6fpsfdfly ykSs a:5' / xfdL bj' } tL /fIf;x¿nfO{ e6] g\ hfcfF} . s;f] <Æ

$!= æd}n] kf] kmsg{ ] afrf af“w]sf] 5' / d kms{G5' . tkfO{“ lsg hfg] xF ToxfF < dnfO{ h:t} tkfO{n“ fO{
klg ltgn] sf6]/ vfP eg] < cx,F ldtHo" kbg{} . tkfO{“ oxLF a:gx' f;] \ . d dfq} hfG5' .Æ
s0f{sfGtn] nf6fs] f;] /] fn] fO{ /f]Sg vfH] of] .

$@= g]qnfn s] dfGYof] < p;n] eGof], æPs t ltgn] tkfO{FnfO{ g} klg vfg kfpFbg} g\ / tkfOn{“ fO{
vfg gkfPkl5 dnfO{ vfg] s'/} p7t\ g} . nf,} ltgn] tkfOn{“ fO{ vfg kfP5g\ /] . tkfO{FnfO{ To;/L
vfO;s]kl5 d}n] o; ;;+ f/df lsg aflF r/xg] < afRof}F eg] bj' } afrF fnF} f, d¥ofF} eg] klg ;Fu;uF }
b'j} d/f“}nf .Æ

$#= To;kl5 tL bO' { ldt cfkmg\ f] Kof/f] ?vnfO{ 5f8]/ /fIf;x¿sf] cf9] f/lt/ nfu]5g\ . 3G6f}F
nufP/ tL bO' { cf]9f/sf] dv' df k'u]5g\ . gq] nfn s0f{sfGtsf 6fpsfdf emfj] |mfP/ al;/x]sfn]
Tolt nfdf] af6fdf klg tL b'O{n] s'g} aft df/]g5g\ .

$$= xfQLnfO{ n'?n'? kms{s] f] b]v/] /fIf;x¿n] 3/] ]5g\ . /fIf;sf] /fhfn] aflx/ lg:s]/ eg5] , ætF
t jrgsf] kSsf /lx5;\ .Æ

$%= oltGh]n s0f{sfGtsf 6fpsfdf g]qnfn d:t lgb|fdf k/] h:tf] :jfª ul//x]sf] /x]5 .
/fIf;sf /fhfsf] cfjfhn] em;ª\u eP/ lapFem] h:tf] ub{} cfFvf p3f//] p;n] pRr :j/df eg]5,
ævf]O, /fIf; /fhsd' f/L sxfF l5g\ < oxfF Nofpg'k¥of] .Æ

zAbfy{ g]kfnL M sIff (
cufj} M cufl8 g,} klxn] g}
afrf afWF g' M kl| t1f ug,'{ lsl/of vfg'
jrg M lbPsf] afn] L
/fhsd' f/L M /fhfsL 5f]/L

6

$^= ælsg < lsg xfdL| /fhsd' f/LnfO{ t/] f cufl8 Nofpg] xF <Æ Pp6f /fIf;n] uhb“{ } ;fw] 5] .

$&= ædl;t lax] ug{ lg, lsg xG' Yof] < ev{/} d}n] ;kgfdf ltdLx¿sL /fhs'df/LnfO{ lax] u/s] f]
bv] ]“ .Æ gq] nfnn] s/' f agfP5 .

$*= æ;kgfdf vfn] ] vfPsf] eg]sf] oxL xf] . ;kgfdf tFn} ] xfd|L /fhsd' f/LnfO{ lax] u/]sf] bV] t}df
lakgfdf lax] ug{ kfpF5;\ .Æ /fIf;sf] /fhfn] /ftf /ftf cfvF f kfb{} eg]5 .

$(= æp;f] eP tkfOn{“ ] ;kgfdf xfQLsf] df;' vfPsf] bV] ge' of] eGbd} f d/] f ldtsf] df;' vfg kfpgx' G' 5
t < tkfOnF{ ] d]/f ldtsf] df;' vfg kfpgx' G' 5 eg] d}n] klg tkfO{s“ f] 5f/] L;uF lax] ug{ kfpg'k5,{
a‰' ge' f] <Æ p:t} cfvF f kf/]/ gq] nfnn] cfkmg\ f] alnof] ts{ pEofP5 .

%)= ;f/f /fIf;x¿ lgNn eP5g\ . æxfQL cfof], xfQL cfof], km' :;f ∕Æ egs] f] oxL xf] eGb} tL cf9] f/
leqlt/ u?' ? k;]5g\ .

%!= s0fs{ fGt ca ndsnds cfkmg\ f] jf;:yfglt/ cfkmg\ f ldt g]qnfnnfO{ 6fpsfdf r9fP/
kms]{5 . b'O{ ldtx¿ To;kl5 w]/} w]/} jif;{ Dd ;Fu;Fu} b'Mv ;v' afF8/] a;5] g\ .

cEof; 7

;g' fO

!= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]b ;g' L l7s / al] 7s 56' o\ fpgx' f;] \ M
-s_ s0fs{ fGt ?vsf] xfFufdf ;T' Yof] .
-v_ s0f{sfGt / g]qnfnn] bv] e] fu] s] f s/' f an] Lla:tf/ nufpyF ] .
-u_ s0f{sfGt / g]qnfn bO' { ldt lyP .
-3_ s0f{sfGt / gq] nfn ;xof]uL lyPgg\ .

@= kf7sf] klxnf] cgR'5]bsf] >'ltnv] g ug{x' f;] \ .
#= kf7sf] t];|f] cg'R5b] ;G' g'xf];\ / To;sf] dV' o s/' f atfpgx' f;] \ .
$= kf7sf] bf;] |f] cg'R5]b ;'Ggx' f;] \ / bO' { ldtx¿sf] b}lgsL eGgx' f;] \ .

g]kfnL M sIff (

af]nfO

!= tnsf zAbsf] z4' pRrf/0f ug{x' f;] \ M
vu|f;, ;O' Fsf,] cfTdLotf, sNofªaNofª, gfª\nfsfg,] :gx] L

@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ eGgx' f;] \ M
cft;] , 9fO] ,{ vlKk;, u8tL/, gfuan] L, sNofªaNofª, d9' f, gfªn\ fsfg,] tat} f/,] hDsf e6] , cgf{

#= g]qnfnsf] rl/q tkfO{“nfO{ s:tf] nfUof] < kf7sf cfwf/df eGgxf];\ .
$= tkfOn{“ ] ;g' s] f] sg} nf]ssyf 5f6] s/Ldf ;g' fpgxf;] \ .

k9fO

!= kf7sf cg'R5b] x¿ kfn}kfnf] k9\gx' f;] \ .

@= kf7 k9L tnsf kZ| gsf] dfl} vs pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ bO' { ldtx¿sf] gfd s] s] lyof] <
-v_ s0f{sfGt s;/L /fIf;sf] cf8] f/ glhs kU' of] <
-u_ h/fof] / cgf{n] s0fs{ fGtnfO{ s:tf] hafkm lbP <
-3_ gq] nfn s0f{sfGt;Fu} /fIf;sxfF lsg uPsf] xf] <
-ª_ gq] nfnn] /fIf;x¿nfO{ s;/L lhNn kf¥of] <

#= syfsf cfwf/df tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f x'g\, nV] gx' f];\ .
-s_ d t tkfOl{F ;t ;bfsf nflu labf dfUg cfPsf] .
-v_ tkfO{FnfO{ sg' } cfkt\ cfOk/] h:tf] d bV] b} 5' .
-u_ xfdLn] 9f6F s] f] xfO] g . lxF8 xfdf| /fhfsf] 5]pdf uP/ cfkm}F ;f]w .
-3_ ;kgf t ;kgf xf,] Tof] lakgf s;/L x'G5 lg <
-ª_ s] ;kgf klg lakgf h:t} ;fFrf] xg' ;S5 <

$= kf7sf cfwf/df tn lbOPsf 36gfx¿sf] j|md ldnfO{ nV] gx' f];\ .
-s_ gq] nfnn] hl' St nufO{ s0fs{ fGtsf] Hofg hfu] fpg'
-v_ s0f{sfGt / gq] nfn c;fWo} ldNg] ldt xg' '
-u_ s0f{sfGtsf] e]6 /fIf;l;t x'g'

8 gk] fnL M sIff (

-3_ s0f{sfGtn] g]qnfnnfO{ ;a} s/' f eGg' 9
-ª_ /fIf;x¿ lgNn xg' '
-r_ b'O{ ldtnfO{ 7'nf] cfkt\ cfOnfUg'
-5_ g]qnfnn] /fIf;nfO{ /fhsd' f/Ll;t lax] u5{' eGg'
-h_ /fIf;n] s0f{sfGtnfO{ vfG5' eGg'
-em_ s0fs{ fGt / g]qnfn /fIf;sxfF hfg'
%= kf7sf cfwf/df gq] nfn;“u ;DalGwt s'/fx¿ kf“r ab“' fdf l6kf6] ugx'{ f;] \ .

n]vfO

!= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u ugx'{ f;] \ M
cft];, cleGg, ult, gfª\nfsfg,] hDsf e]6, cufj}, afrf afFWg'

@= kf7sf s'g} b'O{ cg'R5b]sf] cg'n]vg ug'{xf];\ .

#= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f6] f] pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-s_ g]qnfn / s0fs{ fGtsf] s:tf] ldqtf lyof] <
-v_ s0f{sfGt s;/L /fIf;sf] kmGbfdf k¥of] <
-u_ h/fof] / cgfs{ f] s/' fn] s0f{sfGtnfO{ s:tf] ke| fj k¥of] <
-3_ g]qnfn lsg s0fs{ fGt;uF } /fIf;sxfF uof] <
-ª_ g]qnfnn] s;/L s0fs{ fGtsf] Hofg arfof] <

$= kf7sf ;xfotfn] tnsf pvfgx¿sf] cy{ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
-s_ ;kgfdf vf]n] vfPsf] eg]sf] oxL xf] .
-v_ xfQL cfof], xfQL cfof,] k'm:;f ∕∕ egs] f] oxL xf] .
-u_ rDss] f] 3f]8fn] nDs]sf] xfQLnfO{ e]6g\ ;St}g .
-3_ dg'{ eGbf cufl8 g} v'66\ f tfGg ;'xfpbF }g .

%= bO' { ldtsf] syfsf] dn" efj nV] gx' f];\ .

^= b'O{ ldtsf] syfsf] ;f/fz+ nV] g'xf;] \ .

&= nf6fs] f];]/f] / xfQLdf tkfOn“{ fO{ sg' rnfv h:tf] nfUof] < ts{ lbP/ nV] g'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff (

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] cg'R5]bsf /v] fªl\ st lj|mofkb e"t sfnsf x'g\, ltgsf] jtd{ fg ¿k klxrfg u/L
sfkLdf n]Vg'xf];\ M

Ps hgf ;Gt gbLdf gx' fpg uP . Toxf“ pgn] kfgLdf laR5L bv] ] . Tof] laR5Lkl| t ;GtnfO{
bof nfUof] . To;nfO{ arfpg'k¥of] egL ;Gtn] cfk\mgf] xftdf lng vf]Hbf laR5Ln]
xTsn] fdf 6f]Sof] . ;Gtn] laR5LnfO{ arfpg kml] / klg k|of; u/] . laR5Ln] o; k6s t ;GtnfO{
emg\ ax] f]; g} xg' ] u/L 6fS] of] . o; 36gfnfO{ Pp6f dfemLn] glhs}af6 bV] of] / uP/ ;GtnfO{
eGof,] ælaR5L :jefj}n] l/;fxf / b'i6 xG' 5 . tkfO“{ o;nfO{ arfpg lsg o:tf] si6 ug{x' G' 5 <Æ
;Gtn] dfemLnfO{ eg,] ælaR5L :jefjn} ] hlt l/;fxf / bi' 6 xG' 5, dflg;n] klg Tolt g} IfdfzLn
/ ;Hhg xg' ko| f; ugk{' 5{ . of] laR5L cfkm\ gf] :jefj 5f8] b\ g} eg] d klg cfkm\ gf] wdn{ fO{ s;/L
5f]8f“} <Æ olt egL ;Gtn] t;] f| ] k6s klg ko| f; u/] . o; k6s eg] laR5LnfO{ kfgLaf6 aflx/
lgsfNg pgL ;kmn eP .

@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5]bdf ePsf et" sfnsf lj|mofkbnfO{ /v] fªs\ g ug'{xf;] \ .

#= tnsf lj|mofkbdWo] et" sfnsf ljm| ofkbnfO{ dfq sfkLdf ;fg{'xf];\ M

k9\of,} k9\5f“,} nV] of], k9g\ ] 5', eg,] vfof,] /f]of], a:5, l6Kof,] ;'Tof]
$= tnsf jfSonfO{ et" sfnsf jfSodf abNgx' f];\ M

-s_ ;kgfdf b]vs] f] s/' f lakgfdf kfOG5 <
-v_ g]qnfn s0fs{ fGtsf] 6fpsfd] fly a;]/ To; hª\undf 3d' s] f] 5 .
-u_ gq] nfnsf] 3fp /fd}l| ;t lgsf] ePsf] 5 .
-3_ d/] f ldtsf] df;' vfg kfpg'x'G5 t <
-ª_ Ps lbg oL bO' { ldqnfO{ 7n' f] cfkt cfOk/5] .
%= tnsf wftn' fO{ ko| f]u u/]/ et" sfnsf jfSo lgdf{0f ugx{' f;] \ M

lx8“ \, ksfp, ;'tfp, ufp, hf, nv] \, plk|m
^= lnª\u, jrg / k?' ifsf cfwf/df ‘vf’ wfta' f6 aGg] et" sfnsf ¿kx¿ nV] gx' f;] \ .

&= et" sfnsf ljm| ofkb ko| fu] u/L cfkmn" ] bv] s] f] sg' } 36gfsf ;DaGwdf Ps cgR' 5b] nV] gx' f;] \ .

10 g]kfnL M sIff (

*= tnsf] tflnsfdf et" sfnsf ;a} kIfdf cfwfl/t s]xL lj|mofkbx¿ pNn]v 5g\, ltgnfO{
cfkm\ gf] sfkLdf n]Vg'xf;] \ M

;fdfGo ck0" f{ k"0f{ cEo:t c1ft

uof] hf“b} lyof] uPsf] lyof] hfGYof] uP5

vn] ]“ v]Nb} lyP“ vn] ]sf] lyP“ vN] y“] v]n5] '

cfO{ cfp“b} lyO{ cfPsL lyO{ cfpy“ L cfO5

xf:“ of“} xf:“ b} lyof}“ xf;“ s] f lyof“} xf“:Yof}“ xf;“ 5] f“}

(= tnsf ‘s’ / ‘v’ ;dx" sf lardf hf8] f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M

;d"x -s_ ;dx" -v_

s0fs{ fGtn] cfk\mgf] ;d:ofnfO{ cl3 ;f/5] . cEo:t et"

xnL xnf] hf]Tb} lyof] . ;fdfGo et"

d/] f ;kgf slxNo} v/] hfbg} . ck0" f{ e"t

s]6fs]6L skbL{ v]Ny] . k"0f{ et"

lxhf] ljBfno v'n]sf] lyof] . c1ft e"t

!)= ‘cfp’ wftn' fO{ ko| f]u u//] et" sfnsf ;a} kIfdf Ps÷Ps cf]6f jfSo n]Vgx' f];\ M

!!= sfi] 7df lbOPsf ;ª\s]tsf cfwf/df tnsf vfnL 7fp“ eg'{xf;] \ M

Ps hgf kh' f/L ;w“} dlGb/ ============= -hf, cEo:t et" _ . af6fdf p;n] sfO] nLsf] ;d' w/' :j/
============= -;g' \, c1ft e"t_ . dlGb/df tLy{ofqLx¿ kh" f ============== -u/\, ck0" f{ e"t_ .
kh' f/Ln] pgLx¿nfO{ km" n / k;| fb ============= -lb, ;fdfGo et" _ . tLyo{ fqLx¿ v;' L ===============
-x', c1ft e"t_ . pgLx¿n] k|z:t ld7fO{ ============= -Nofp, k"0f{ et" _ . pgLx¿n] tL ;a}
ld7fO{ ToxL dlGb/df g} ============= -r9\, ;fdfGo e"t_ .

!@= e"t sfnsf ;a} kIf ko| fu] u/L cfkm"n] e|d0f u/s] f] s'g} 7fp“sf] j0fg{ ugx{' f;] \ .

l;h{gfTds sfo{

!= tkfO“n{ ] ;g' ]sf] s'g} Pp6f nfs] syf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ nV] gx' f];\ / sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf];\ .

@= cfÇgf cfdfaa' f cyjf xh/' cfdf, xh/' aa' f cyjf hi] 7 gful/saf6 nfs] syf ;g' L sIffdf
;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 11

kf7 @ ofqf ;'? u/f“} – b'a;' Ifq] L
gk] fnL M sIff (
!= ;dosf] Pp6f nfdf] em/Lkl5
aNn 3fd pbfPsf] 5
laxfg ePsf] 5, ca xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqf ;'? ug{'k5{
kfgL yfldPsf] 5, ca xfdLn] xfdf| ] cf/fx] 0fsf] yfngL ugk{' 5{
cf:yfsf] 6'sL afNg'k5{, ca xfdLn] pHofnf] 5g{'k5{
df};d j;Gtsf] 5, ca xfdLn] uLt u'Ghfpg'k5{
kmjm| s] f 5g\ u/' f“;x¿, ca xfdLn] dfnfx¿ pGg'k5{ .

@= gfRbfgfRb} hxf“ /fs] s] f lyof“} ;f/] 7Lsf] tfn
ToxLa“ f6 rfNb} Pp6} rfnsf tLg sf]6L kfOnf
;xcl:tTjsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
/Dbf/Db} /fb] Lsf] /Gsfd] f 56' ]sf lyof}“ hxf“
ToxL rft} f/Laf6 ;xdltsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
kx]“nk'/ wfg vlnofgdf /fv]/
df3Lsf] GjfuL vfb“ } :jfjnDagsf] gof“ ofqf ;'? u/f“}
3D' b} ljjfx k~rdLsf] dn] f klv“{b} lyof}“ hxf“
dw];sf] kljq 57 / ToxL“ hfgsL df6fsf] rGbg nufp“b}
;lxi0ft' fsf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
ufp“bf ufpb“ } hxf“ /fs] s] f lyof“} ;n] f]sf] efsf
ToxLa“ f6 ufpb“ } aGwT' jsf] uLt
pHofnf]sf] ofqf ;'? u/f}“
dgfp“b} Nxf];f/ hxf“ kH' b} lyof}“ lxdfnnfO{ dfg]/ bj] tf

zAbfy{
cf/fx] 0f M dfly r9\g] sfd
;f]/7L M u'?ª, du/ cflb hfltdf k|rlnt uLltgf6\osf] Ps e]b
/fb] L M u?' ª hfltdf k|rlnt uLt
vlnofg M vnf]
df3L M yf¿ hfltn] dgfpg] rf8
57 M t/fO{ If]qdf dgfOg] kj{
;n] f] M tfdfª, zk] f{ cflbsf] nfs] uLt

12

ToxL cfsfz 5'g] lxdfnnfO{ ;fIfL /fv]/ 13
;xsfos{ f] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
hKb} uf}/f hxf“ gfrs] f lyof}“ b]p8f
ToxL s0ffn{ Lsf] dx' fglg/ pleP/
gjlgdf0{ fsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
vfH] b} zflGtsf bO' { ;Dafw] L cfv“ f
hxf“ xfdL nfn] fPsf lyof}“
p8fpb“ } zflGtsf ;t] f k/j] fx¿
ltg} ;Dos cfv“ faf6 zflGtsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
#= efSb} cf:yfsf] cf/tL
hxf“ xfdL cgfof; Aol“' emPsf lyof“}
ToxL uD' af, dlGb/, dl:hb / luhf{3/sf] kf| ª\u0faf6
;xwd{sf] ofqf ;'? u/f“}
hxf“ ltdL / xfdLn] xftd] fnf] u/]/
cf/De u/]sf lyof“} PsLs/0fsf] ofqf
sfi7d08ksf] ToxL bj] naf6 lwd] ahfpb“ }
gjPstfsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“
;f“em k/]/ af; a;s] f lyof}“ hxf“ gfDrs] f] km]bLdf
ToxL kmb] Laf6 ;u/dfyf lzv/sf] ofqf ;?' u/f“} .

$= ;dosf] Pp6f lg:k66\ cGwsf/
xfdLn] lrl/;s]sf 5f}“
ca Pp6f gof“ hLjg ;'? u/f“}
hxf“af6 xfdL ysfg /f]k]/ efu]sf lyof}“
ca Pp6f gof“ ofqf ;'? u/f}“ ToxL“af6
hxf“ xfdLn] sx] L If0f lj>fd u/]sf lyof}“
/fi6« gjlgdf0{ fsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“ ToxL“af6
hxf“ xfdLn] zflGt / ;d[l4sf ;kgfx¿ ;hfPsf lyof}“ .

zAbfy{

Nxf;] f/ M tfdfª, z]kf{, u?' ªsf] gof“ jif{

uf/} f M 8f6] L, 88n] w/' flt/ dgfOg] kj{

bp] 8f M ;b' "/klZrdlt/sf] k/Dk/fut uLt÷gT[ o

;Dos M /fdf| ,] ;G' b/

lwd] M gj] f/ hfltdf kr| lnt gfr÷uLt

gk] fnL M sIff (

cEof;

;g' fO
!= sljtfsf] klxnf] uBf+z ;'gL df}lvs pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ ;dosf] nfdf] em/L eg]sf] s] xf] <
-v_ xfdLn] xfd|f] ofqf lsg ;?' ug{'k5{ <
-u_ pHofnf] s;/L 5g{ ;lsG5 <
-3_ slj s:tf] df};ddf uLt uG' hfpg rfxG5g\ <
@= sljtfsf] bf];|f] uBf+z ;'Gg'xf];\ / Toxf“ pNn]v ePsf ;f+:s[lts gfr jf kj{sf] gfd
eGg'xf];\ .
#= sljtfsf] t];f| ] uBfz+ ;'gL To;df eGg vfl] hPsf] ljrf/nfO{ sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .
$= sljtfsf] rfy} f] uBf+zsf] >'ltn]vg ugx'{ f];\ .
afn] fO
!= tnsf zAbx¿ pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L l7s pRrf/0f ug'{xf];\ / ltgLx¿nfO{
pRrf/0fcg';f/ g} sfkLdf nV] g'xf;] \ M
h:t} M pRrf/0f÷pr\=rf=/g\
cf/fx] 0f, emfS] sf, rlst, lg:k6\6, k|fªu\ 0f, ;lxi0f'tf
@= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u ugx{' f;] \ M
b]p/fnL, 6s' L, /f]bL, lwd,] b]p8f, ;n] f]
#= tkfO“{ cfkmn" ] cfhb} l] v ;?' ug{ ;Sg] sg' } bO' { ;sf/fTds sfdx¿ sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ M
h:t} M
cfh;Dd d}n] cfkm\ gf] n'uf cfkm“} wf]Psf] 5g} . d of] sfd cfha} f6 ;?' u5'{ .
$= zflGt / ;dl[ 4sf ;kgfx¿ s:tf x'g ;S5g\ < cfk\mgf] ljrf/ sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .
%= kf7sf] ;'?sf ;ft x/kmaf6 bL3{ O{sf/ nfu]sf s'g} kf“r cf]6f zAb l6kL ltgnfO{
j0ffg{ j' m| dcg';f/ /fVg'xf;] \ M

14 g]kfnL M sIff (

^= sf]i7saf6 ldNbf] zAb 5fgL vfnL 7fp“ e/L sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f];\ M

-s_ ‘cgfof;’ zAbsf] kofo{ jfrL zAb ============================= xf] . -PsfPs, cf}wL, PSn_}
-v_ ‘/x/’ / ‘em/L’ ======================= zAb xg' \ . -kof{ojfrL, cg]sfyL{, >l' t;dleGgfy{s_
-u_ ‘cf/De’ sf] ljk/Ltfys{ zAb =============================== xf] . -k|f/De, ljnDj, cGTo_
-3_ ‘;a’ / ‘zj’ ========================= zAb xg' \ . -kof{ojfrL, cg]sfys{ , >l' t;dleGgfys{ _
-ª_ =============================sf] ;fgf] a'emfpg] zAb ‘6'sL’ xf] . -c“Wof/f], pHofnf,] aQL_

k9fO

!= ult, olt / no ldnfO{ sljtf jfrg ugx'{ f];\ .

@= sljtfsf] dfg} k7g u/L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ s:tf] ofqf ;?' ug{sf nflu sljn] cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ <
-v_ ofqf ;?' ug{sf nflu ;do lsg cg's"n 5 <
-u_ xfdLn] ;hfPsf ;kgf s] s] xg' \ <
-3_ o; sljtfn] s] s:tf ;sf/fTds ;Gbz] x¿ lbg vfh] ]sf] 5 <
-ª_ g]kfn ax';f+:s[lts ;Dkbfn] el/k"0f{ b]z xf] eGg] sygnfO{ sljtfsf cfwf/df

:ki6 kfg{'xf];\ .

#= sljtfsf] bf];f| ] uBfz+ df tn lbOPsf ljleGg ofqfx¿ pNnv] ul/Psf] kfOG5 . tL ofqfx¿sf]
cy{ sljtf k9]sf cfwf/df n]Vgx' f];\ M

;xcl:tTjsf] ofqf, ;xdltsf] ofqf, :jfjnDagsf] gof“ ofqf, ;lxi0ft' fsf] ofqf, pHofnfs] f] ofqf,
;xsfos{ f] ofqf, gjlgdf0{ fsf] ofqf, ;xwds{ f] ofqf, ;u/dfyf lzv/sf] ofqf, /fi6« lgdf0fs{ f]
ofqf

$= sljtf k9]sf cfwf/df ‘cfzfjfbL aGgk' 5’{ eGg] ljifodf Pp6f cgR' 5b] nV] gx' f;] \ .

n]vfO

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ sljn] sljtfdf dfnf pGg] k;| ª\u lsg pNn]v u/]sf x'g\ <

-v_ ;lxi0ft' fsf] ofqf ;?' ug{ Wofg lbgk' g{] kIf s] s] xg' \ <

-u_ Pstfsf] ofqf sljn] sxfa“ f6 s;/L ;?' ug{ eg]sf 5g\ <

g]kfnL M sIff ( 15

-3_ gof“ ofqf ;?' ug{ sljn] lsg cfx\jfg u/]sf 5g\ <
-ª_ ofqf ;'? u/f}“ sljtfsf] d"n efj s] xf] <

@= sljtfsf] k|To]s uBf+zsf] cfzo nV] gx' f];\ .

#= ;k;| ªu\ JofVof ug{x' f];\ M

-s_ ca Pp6f gof“ hLjg ;?' u/f}“
hxfa“ f6 xfdL ysfg /f]k/] efu]sf lyof}“ .

-v_ /fi6« gjlgdf0{ fsf] ofqf ;?' u/f}“ ToxL“af6
hxf“ xfdLn] zflGt / ;dl[ 4sf ;kgfx¿ ;hfPsf lyof}“ .

$= sljtfdf s] s:tf ofqf u/]/ b]zsf] gjlgdf0{ f ugk{' 5{ elgPsf] 5, :ki6 kfg'{xf;] \ .

Jofs/0f

!= pko'St n]Vo lrxg\ x¿ /fvL k'gn]v{ g ug{x' f];\ M

p;n] dnfO{ eGof] x] efO ltdL t Hofb} cN5L /x5] f} dn} ] cfkm\gf] Joyf atfp“b} eg“] xfO] g bfO
lxhfc] fh dnfO{ ;Grf] 5}g .

@= tnsf] cgR' 5b] k9L /]vfªl\ st zAbdWo] gfd / ljzi] f0fsf] cnu cnu ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ M

t/fO{df a:g] ul/a uf]kfnn] Pp6f ufO{ lsGof] . p;n] /fd|f] vfg]s/' f v'jfof] . To;af6
w]/} af5faf5L hGd] . ufO{x¿sf] 7n' f] ayfg aGof] . tL ufOx{ ¿sf] z4' bw' ar] /] p;n] k|z:t
cfDbfgL u¥of] . p;sf] ljz]if k9fO lyPg . jf:tjdf clws Odfgbf/L g} p;sf nflu pko'St
/fh] uf/Lsf] ke| fjsf/L dfWod aGg k'Uof] . h'g;'s} sfd u/]/ klg o; ;dfhdf ;lhn}
afR“ g ;lsG5 eGg] c;n lzIff p;af6 lng ;lsG5 . uf]kfnsf] 7n' f] bfh' /d]zn] eg] cgs]
tflnd lnP/ klg s]xL k];f u/s] f] lyPg . cN5L :jefjsf] Tof] /d]z l/;fxf k|j[lQsf] klg
lyof] . p;sf] d'Vo ;fv] g} /ftf] ;6{, ;t] f] kfOG6 / sfnf] r:df nufP/ ahf/ 3'Dg' dfq
lyof] . p;nfO{ hlxn] klg cflys{ ;ª\s6 dfq kYof]{ . Pslbg crfgs p;n] efOn] h:t}
s'g} gof“ sfd u//] w]/} pGglt ug]{ ljrf/ u¥of] . efOn] klg pGgt hftsf afv|f kfn/]
/fdf| ] ku| lt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] pko'St ;Nnfx lbof] . p;n] bfOnfO{ sx] L cflys{ ;xof]u klg
u¥of] . ;'?df tLg cf]6f afvf| kfns] f] /dz] sf] clxn] uGbf la; afv|fx¿ eO;s] . lxhfc] fh
ufpd“ f pm hfGg] a'em\g] afvf| kfns ePsf] 5 . dx] gtL dfG5]nfO{ slxn] b'Mv x'G5 / <
16 gk] fnL M sIff (

@= ljzi] f0f zAbnfO{ s;/L lrGg ;lsG5 < tflnsfsf cfwf/df 5nkmn ugx'{ f;] \ .

kZ| g hjfkm

s:tf] < sfnf,] ;f]emf], nf]eL, /ftf,] u'lnof,] Psf]xf]/f,] gof“, wgL, c;n cflb

s:tL < hfg] a'em]sL, uf]/L, dx] gtL, cN5L, df6] L, u0' fjtL, ;xgzLn, bofn' cflb

s'g < Tof], of], tL, pxL, ;ftf},“ klxnf,] sfG5f], dflxnf], kfZrfTo cflb

sqf] < cUnf], xf]rf,] Toqf], oqf], ;fgf], 7'nf], ljzfn cflb

slt < ;a}, w]/,} clnslt, cfwf, cf7, w/] }, yf]/,} Tolt, olt cflb

#= kf7df k|of]u ePsf dWo kfr“ kfr“ cf6] f gfd / ljzi] f0f zAbx¿ vf]h/] nV] g'xf;] \ M
$= pko{'St ljz]if0f zAbx¿ ko| f]u u/L b; jfSodf ;fyLsf] aofg ug{'xf];\ .

l;hg{ fTds cEof;
‘d/] f] ufp’“ zLifs{ df Pp6f sljtf /rgf u/L sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f];\.

g]kfnL M sIff ( 17

kf7 # ;ª\uLt1 /fdz/0f bgf{n

!= snfsf ljleGg eb] dWo] ;ªu\ Lt klg Ps xf] . sljtf,
syf jf lrqsnf h:t} ;ªu\ Lt snfnfO{ cfÇgf]
;fwgf agfP/ kl/lrt x'g] kl| tef ;+;f/el/ 5g\ .
/fdz/0f bgfn{ klg ;ªu\ Lt snf / To;sf ;fwgfsf
dfWodaf6 g]kfnL snf hut\df cfÇgf] kl/ro
agfpg ;kmn k|ltef x'g\ . sf7df8fs}“ f] sfnwf/fdf
lj= ;=+ !(($ c;f/ @& uts] f lbg lgDgjuL{o
kl/jf/df pgsf] hGd ePsf] xf] . lktf ;Tosd' f/
bgfn{ / dftf lbnsd' f/Lsf] dfOnf ;Gtfgsf ¿kdf
pgL hlGdPsf lyP . cfkm\ gL cfdfsf tkm{ af6 Ps /
ljdftfsf tkm{ af6 Ps u/L pgsf bO' { hgf efOx¿ /xs] f
5g\ . tTsfnLg cj:yfdf >dhLjL kl/jf/df
hGd]/ bng / cjxn] gflar af“r/] k|ult ug{ ufx|f]
lyof] . pgn] cfÇgf] ;ª\uLt ;fwgfnfO{
lg/Gt/tf lbP . ToxL cys ;fwgfn] pgL g]kfnL
;ª\uLt hut\df kl| ;4 ag] .

@= /fdz/0fsf lktf g]kfnL ;g] fsf] AofG8sf gfOs] lyP . ;a}n] pgnfO{ ‘xjNbf/ dh] /’ eg/]
lrGy] . pgL hflu/af6 lgj[Q ePkl5 kl/jf/sf] cflys{ cj:yf emg\ hh{/ aGg kU' of] .
pSt cj:yfaf6 qf0f kfpgsf nflu pgL sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljbz] uP . nuQ} Ps jifk{ l5 g}
kms]{/ cfO{ pgL km] l/ k'Vof{n} L k;] f -afhf ahfpg] sfd_ u//] uh' f/f ug{ nfu] . ptf pgsf]
Pp6f ePsf] 3/ klg lj= ;+= !(() sf] es" Dkn] rls{Psf] lyof] . o; ljifd cj:yfs} lar
/fdz/0fsf] afNosfn lats] f] lyof] .

#= /fdz/0f ;fgfdf lgs} /f]uL lyP . x/s] ;do pgnfO{ Pp6f g Pp6f /fu] n] ;tfO/xs] }
xG' Yof] . hGds] f] s]xL dlxgfdfg} pgsf] gfssf] 8f8“ Ldf vl6/f cfPsf] lyof] . Tof] vl6/f]
;ª\u|flnPkl5 dg]{ 7fg]/ pgnfO{ cfu“ gdf ;'tfOPsf] lyof] . Toltan] } leIff6gdf cfPsL
Pp6L dlxnf ofu] Ln] ;f] s/' fsf] hfgsf/L kfOg\ . pgn] sf“8fn] ;f] vl6/f] km' 6fpg] ;Nnfx
lbOg\ . vl6/f] k'm6fPkl5 lkk lgSn/] gfssf] 8f8“ L g} efl;of] . 3/L hs' fn] ;tfpg,] 3/L

zAbfy{

ljdftf M ;f}t]gL cfdf
lgjQ[ M ;]jfdS' t
qf0f M ;xf/f
gfssf] 8f“8L M bO' { cf6] f cfv“ fsf larsf] 8f“8f] h:tf] k/]sf] efu, r:df c8\ofpg] 7fp“

leIff6g M leIff dfUb} lx“8\g] sfd
18 gk] fnL M sIff (

cfp“n] ;tfpg] ePkl5 aNn afr“ ]sf] Pp6} dfq ;GtfgnfO{ s;/L hfu] fpg] eGg] lrGtfn] pgsL
cfdfnfO{ ;w“} ;tfO/xGYof] . Tolta]nf ;dfhdf ljjfx ul/lbPkl5 /fu] Lsf] /fu] lgsf] xG' 5
eGg] cGwljZjf; lyof] . o;}n] P3f/ jifs{ } pd]/df pgsf] ljjfx gf} jifs{ L xl/dfof;u“ eof] .

$= /fdz/0fsf] lzIff/De eg] km/s lsl;dn] ePsf] lyof] . pgn] sv/faf6 geP/ ;f/u] daf6 lzIffsf]
cf/De u/s] f lyP . pgL cfk\mgf 3/df k|foM alh/xg] 6«Dk]6, sg]{6 / cUofg{ sf] ;'dw'/
Wjlgaf6 afNosfnb]lv g} ke| fljt lyP . o;n} ] ltg} afhfaf6 lzIff/De ug{ pgnfO{ ;xh
ePsf] lyof] . pgL P3f/ jifs{ } pd]/df tL afhf ahfpg ;Sg] eO;ss] f lyP . afhf
ahfpg] sfd;u“ } k9fOsf] sfo{nfO{ klg j|mdzM cl3 a9fpb“ } nu] . 3/df cfk\mgf lktfsf
;ª\sngdf /x]sf k:' tsn] la:tf/} la:tf/} pgnfO{ cWoogdf klg ?lr hufOlbPsf lyP .
pSt ;ª\sngdf Tolt w]/} k':ts geP klg pgsf nflu ?lr hufpgsf nflu tL kofK{ t
lyP . pgsf lktf k:' ts ;ªs\ ngdf ?lr /fVy] . o;n} ] ahf/df gof“ k:' ts bv] k] l5 lslgxfNy] .
/fdz/0fnfO{ ;fgf] 5b“ f nfnlx/f, rf/ /ªsf df5f, zldi{ 7f, xfQLdtfO{ h:tf k:' ts dg ky{] .
ltgsf cltl/St pgsf 3/df /fdfo0f, dxfef/t, uLtf, r08L cflbsf gk] fnL cg'jfb;dt]
lyP . ki' s/ zdz/] n] ;Dkfbg u/s] f] cª\u|h] L gk] fnL zAbsf]z klg 3/d} f lyof] . dg' fdbg
t clwsf+z ;fIf/ gk] fnLsf 3/df x'GYof] g} . o;n} ] pgsf 3/df klg gxg' ] s/' } ePg .
o;/L lktfsf] k9fOk|ltsf] ?lrsf sf/0f pgdf klg ;fgb} ]lv k9\g] OR5f hfu[t ePsf] lyof] .

%= hLljsfk] fhg{ df g} sl7gfO ePkl5 bgfn{ sf lktfn] cfkm\ gf ;Gtfgsf] lzIffbLIffnfO{ lg/Gt/tf
lbg ;ss] f lyPgg\ . ljkGgtfdf afNosfn uh' f/]sf /fdz/0fn] ljBfnosf] zN' s;d]t ltg{
;sg] g\ . sx] L ;do t pgn] kV' ofn{} L k;] f u//] klg ljBfnosf] zN' s ltg{] ka| Gw ldnfP . o;/L
klg wfGg ;Dej gePkl5 pgn] b/af/ :sn' df k9\bfk9b\ } k9fOaf6 xft w'g'k¥of] . kmn:j¿k
slxn] cfk\mgf] 3/ sfnwf/f, slxn] sf7df8f}“s} ynL / uf]s0f{sf] dfdf3/df pgsf] afNosfn
laTof] . kl5 pgn] dfjnL sfsf hhL{ Aofª\S; -O;fO{ wd{ u|x0f ug'{eGbf cl3sf] gfd k:' sn
a'9flkyL_{ sf 3/df a;/] bflhl{ nªsf] ;]G6 /f]a6{;\ xfO:s'ndf b'O{ jifh{ lt cWoog u/] .
pgnfO{ k|jl] zsf;Ddsf] cWoog ug]{ df}sf t ldNof] t/ To;sf] zl} Ifs kd| f0fkq kf| Kt ug]{
cj;/ eg] ldn]g . pgn] b; sIff;Ddsf] dfq cf}krfl/s lzIff xfl;n u/] .

^= afns sfnb]lv g} ljleGg afhf ahfpg l;ss] f bgfn{ n] snsQfdf klg To;d} f cEof;
a9fpg kfP . Toxf“ pgn] lutf/, dG] 8fl] ng / xjfO{ lutf/ l;Sg] cj;/ kfP . pgn] dgf]xl/

zAbfy{
jGbgf M kf| yg{ f
;f/u] d M ;ª\uLt cEof; ug{] k|f/lDes ;q"
hLljsf]kfhg{ M hLjg lgjf{xsf nflu ul/g] cfhg{
dG] 8fl] ng M rf/ jf kf“r hf8] L tf/ xg' ], ulx/f] ufn] L t'Daf x'g] / ahfOg] Ps k|sf/sf] jfB oGq

g]kfnL M sIff ( 19

l;+x;“u d]G8fl] ng l;s]sf lyP . pgn] sf7df8fd}“ f sfsf hhL{ AofªS\ ;af6 lkofgf] Psl8o{ g
ahfpg l;s] . bflhl{ nªdf k9\bf 6D« k6] l;s] . gk] fn Ps8] ]dLdf hflu/] ePkl5 pgn] cfkm" n]
l;s]sf k/' fgf s'/fnfO{ kl/dfh{g ug{] cj;/ kf| Kt u/] . Toxf“ pgn] ;ª\uLtnfO{ ;flxTo /
gf6s;u“ hf]8\g] df}sf klg kfP . o;sf nflu pgn] gf6ssf/ afnsi[ 0f ;d, slj dfwj
l3ld/,] ;ª\uLt ;fwsx¿ o1/fh zdf{ / g//fh 9sfnaf6 k|]/0ff / ke| fj ux| 0f u/] .

&= /fdz/0f ;fg} pd/] df g} cyf]{kfhg{ sf af/d] f ;fR] g afWo eP . pgn] hLjgdf w]/} g} cflys{
;ª3\ if{ ug'{k/]sf] lyof] . ljbz] df uO{ k};f sdfpg] cfzfn] pgL ef/tsf] nfx/' ] klg ag] .
sfsf aaL AofªS\ ; snsQfdf g} /x]sfn] pgnfO{ sfd vfH] g sl7g ePg . Toxf“ pgn] afhf
ahfpg] sfd kfP . pgL cfkm\ gf] kfl/>ldsaf6 art u/s] f] k;} f 3/df k7fpy“ ] . snsQfaf6
kms{k] l5 pgn] /l] 8of] gk] fndf /]sl8ª{ sf] sfd kfP . Toxf“ pgn] hflu/] geO{ cfjZos
k/s] f ;dodf aflx/}af6 ;3fpg] ;xofu] Lsf ¿kdf dfq sfd u/] . lj= ;+= @)!^ ;fndf
pgn] tTsfnLg gk] fn Ps]8d] L -xfnsf] g]kfn k|1f kl| ti7fg_ df gf6] ;] gsf/sf ¿kdf hflu/
kf| /De u/] . To;a]nf pgsf] pd/] @@ jif{sf] lyof] . Toxf“ pgn] ljleGg kbdf /x/] sfd
u/] . hflu/sf clGtd lbglt/ pgL tTsfnLg snf ljefusf] ;xfos ;lrj / jfB k|aGws
ag]sf lyP .

*= /fdz/0f hGdg'eGbf rf/ jif{cufl8 g} rls{Psf] 3/df pgsf] kl/jf/ a:g afWo
lyof] . pgn] gof“ 3/ agfpg] s/' f t k/} hfcf];\, cfly{s cefjn] ubf{ To;sf] dd{t;dt] ug{
;s]sf lyPgg\ . pgn] jif{ lbgcl3 g} Ps8] ]dLdf 3/ dd{t ugs{ f nflu k:] sL /sd dfus] f
lyP t/ k|zf;lgs emd]nfsf sf/0fn] ;dodf k};f kfpg ;sg] g\ . lj= ;+= @)@% ;fnsf]
b;“}kl5 k/s] f] clj/n jiff{n] pgsf] 3/ uNofd{ un' {d' 9Nof] . To;tfsf pgnfO{ Pskl5
csf{] u/L lgs} rf]6 k¥of] . 3/ eTsb“ f r]lkP/ pgsL cfdfsf] lgwg;d]t eof] . pgn]
Ps8] d] Ldf k:] sL dfus] f] /sd Psr} fl] 6 pgsL cfdfsf] >f4kl5 dfq kf| Kt eof] . oL cf3ftdfly
lj= ;=+ @)@* ;fndf pgLdfly km] l/ csf]{ cf3ft ylkof] . pgnfO{ lagf s;'/ Ps]8d] Lsf]
;j] faf6 cjsfz lbOof] .

(= bgf{nn] n]Vg] sfd kmf6\6k'm66\ t ul//xs] } lyP . lj= ;=+ @)@% ;fnsf] b3' {6gfn] pgsf]
hLjgnfO{ csl{} t/ dfl] 8lbof] . 3/ eTsb“ f ;f/f dN" ojfg\ afhf gi6 eP . AofG8 ;~rfng klg

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (
lkofgf] Psl8{og M xfd{l] god h:tf] Ps ks| f/sf] kfZrfTo afhf
tTsfnLg M Toltv]/sf]
k]:sL M clu|d ¿kdf lnOg] kfl/>lds
cf3ft M dfgl;s si6 jf Joyf

20

aGb eof] . o;kl5 pgn] afhf ahfpg] k;] fnfO{ Tofu] . pgn] ;ª\uLt snf ljifodf cWoog
cg';Gwfg ug]{ ;ªs\ Nk u/] . hLjgsf] ljs6 df8] df kf| /De u/]sf] o; ofqfdf pgnfO{ sx] L
snfsf/ / ;ª\uLt1sf] xf;} nf klg k|fKt eof] . lj= ;+= @)@% ;fndf jgf/;af6 ks| flzt
xg' ] u/]sf] ‘;“ufnf’] eGg] klqsfdf ‘gk] fnL ;+:sl[ tdf afhfsf] :yfg’ zLifs{ df pgsf] klxnf]
/rgf ks| flzt eof] . To;kl5 cGo kqklqsfdf klg pgsf ;ªu\ Lt ;DaGwL nv] /rgf 5flkg
yfn] . pgL la:tf/} n]vssf ¿kdf lrlgg yfn] . gk] fnsf d'Vo klqsf, hgn{ cflbdf
n]vx¿sf] dfu xg' yfn]kl5 n]vgdf ;ljm| o x'g pgnfO{ s/} nfUof] . ;ª\uLt ljifos n]vkl5
snf / nfs] ;flxTosf ljifodf klg pgsf n]vx¿sf] ks| fzg kf| /De eof] . ;flxTosf
af/]df ;d]t klg pgsf s]xL nv] x¿ k|sflzt 5g\ . ltg} km' 6s/ n]vx¿sf] ;u“ fnfsf ¿kdf
pgsf] k:' ts k|sfzgsf] j|md klg k|f/De eof] . o; j|mddf pgsf ;ª\uLt kl/jm| df, g]kfnL
;ªu\ Lt ;fws, ;ªu\ Ltsf] lj:t[t cjnf]sg, g]kfnL afuLgf / snf, g]kfnL afhf, ufog
zn} Lnufotsf k:' ts ks| flzt 5g\ . pgsf sx] L kf08l' nlksf] ks| fzg xg' cem} afs“ L g} 5 .
:jf:Yon] ;fy glbPsfn] g]kfnL ;ªu\ Lt sf]z / gk] fnL ;ªu\ Ltsf] Oltxf; tof/ ug{] of]hgf
eg] pgsf] ;kgfd} lanfof] .

!)= bgf{n klxnf g]kfn Ps]8d] Lsf] Pp6f hflu/]sf ¿kdf ;Lldt lyP . hflu/af6 cjsfz
k|fKt u/]kl5 eg] pgsf] Jofks ;fdflhs hLjgsf] k|f/De eof] . o;kl5 pgnfO{ kf| 1
;efdf dgfg] og ul/of] . pgL lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] ;ªu\ Lt ljifo ;ldltsf] ;b:o ag] .
;f]xL jm| ddf gf/fo0f uf]kfn o'jf ;ªu\ Lt sf]z, g]kfnL lzIff kl/ifb,\ l5Ggntf uLt k/' :sf/
u'7L, n"gs/0fbf; uª\ufb]jL rfw} /L ;flxTo snf dlGb/ cflbsf klg ;b:o ag] . ;fy} pgL
;f+:sl[ ts ;+jwg{ ;ldlt -Do'lhs gk] fn_, g]kfn zf:qLo ;dfh, snflglw OlGb/f ;ª\uLt
dxfljBfno, nfs] afhf ;ª\u|xfno, g]kfn blnt ;flxTo tyf ;:+ sl[ t k|lti7fg, blnt al' 4hLjL
kl| ti7fg, la;] gurL{ k|lti7fg cflbsf ;Nnfxsf/ klg ag] .

!!= g]kfnsf nfs] uLt / nf]safhf To;} x/fP/ hfnfg\ eg]/ bgf{nn] bz] sf bfrn{' f, 8f]6L, aemfª,
afh/' f / c5fd h:tf cgsG6f/ ee" fudf ;dt] sfd u/] . pgn] nfs] uLt / nfs] afhfnfO{ kl5Nnf]
k':tfsf nflu hfu] fP/ /flvlbgk' g{] ;DklQ 7fg] . ToxL sf/0fn] pgL hLjge/ To;d} f ;dlkt{
eP . ;ªu\ Lts} ;Gbed{ f pgn] ef/t, yfONofG8 / hfkfgsf] klg ed| 0f u/] . pgL xfd|f
afhfufhfnfO{ hfu] fpgsf nflu ltgsf] cfwl' gsLs/0f ul/g' cfjZos 7fGy] . pgL xfdf|

zAbfy{ 21
ljs6 M cK7]/f], sl7g
kf08'lnlk M lnlvt jf 6ªl\ st n]v /rgf
cjsfz M ;/sf/L ;]jf, ;fjh{ lgs hLjg cflbaf6 kfPsf] lj>fd
kf| 1 M ljlzi6 ljåfg\
g]kfnL M sIff (

cfk\mg} tfn, /fu / :j/sf]
dxŒj ga'e]m/ dfq gof“
k:' tf kfZrfTo ;ªu\ Lttk{m
cfslift{ ePsf] 7fGy] . gof“
k:' tfnfO{ tL s'/f a'emfpg
;s]df pgLx¿df cfk\mg}
;ª\uLttk{m ?lr a9\5 eGg]
pgsf] ljZjf; lyof] .
kl5Nnf] ;dodf ;ª\uLtsf
If]qdf u}/ljz]if1x¿sf]
af]njfnf ePsfdf pgL
lvGgtf ks| 6 uy{] . pgL
dfbnsf] tfnlagf aGbs' sf]
gfn klg lkmtnf] x'G5 eGg]
7fGy] . n]vssf af/]df pgL eG5g,\ æ;f“rf] cy{df n]vs ToxL xf,] hf] k|ltsn" kl/l:ylt
/ sl7g cj:yfdf klg cfk\mgf] nv] gnfO{ lg/Gt/tf k|bfg ul//xG5, cfk\mgf] ;fwgfaf6
slxNo} ljd'v x“b' }g .Æ pgn] y'k}| uLtsf w'gsf] l;h{gf u/s] f lyP . cfhsf] lbg;Dd klg
;as} f dv' df e'mlG8g ;kmn ‘ufp5“ uLt g]kfnL, Hofl] tsf] kªv\ prfnL’ uLtsf] wg' sf ;|i6f
pgL g} lyP . g]kfnL ;ªu\ Ltdf lutf/nfO{ leœofpg] sfd klg pgn} ] u/]sf lyP . o;/L
kfl/jfl/s jftfj/0fsf] k/|] 0ff:j¿k hfu]sf] ?lr / cfk\mgf] tk:of Pjd\ ;dk{0fn] g} pgnfO{
cd/tf k|bfg u¥of] .

!@= cefj} cefjsf lardf /x]/ klg pgn] u/]sf] ofu] bfgsf] sb/ ub}{ ljleGg ;ª3\ ;:+ yfn]
bgfn{ nfO{ ;Ddfg kb| fg u/]sf 5g\ . pgn] 8f= cDa]8s/ k]mnf]l;k -;g\ !(()_, uf/] vf
blIf0fafx' -@)$(_, ls/f“tZ] j/ ;ªu\ Ltf>d -@)%!_, ;fwgf snf ;Ddfg -@)%@_, snflglw
;ª\uLt ;Ddfg -@)%#_ nufotsf bh{geGbf a9L ;Ddfg k|fKt u/]sf lyP . logsf
cltl/St pgn] /fli6o« kl| tef k/' :sf/ -@)%#_, ng" s/0fbf; uªu\ fbj] L rfw} /L k/' :sf/ -@)^@_,
hubDaf>L k'/:sf/ -@)^%_ nufotsf /fli6o« k'/:sf/ klg kf| Kt u/]sf lyP .

!#= ;/n Jojxf/sf wgL / cys ;ª\3if{sf Oltxf; /x]sf bgf{nnfO{ klxnf cfly{snufotsf
ljleGg ;d:ofn] 3]/] . hLjgsf clGtd jif{x¿lt/ z/L/n] ;fy lbg 5f8o\ f] . kl5Nnf %÷^

zAbfy{

ljd'v M ljk/Lt lbzftkm{ kms{g,] pN6f]

cys M gyfss] f], gyfSg]

22 g]kfnL M sIff (

jif{ pgnfO{ kfls{G;g /fu] n] ;tfof] . Tolt x“'bf klg pgL ;sL g;sL cWoog÷cg';Gwfgdf
eg] nflu/x] . kfls{G;gsf sf/0f z/L/n] e/ glb“bf pgL n8]/ ax] f]; eP . pgn] P3f/
lbg;Dd c:ktfndf crt] cj:yfdf d[To;' “u kf7}“ fhf]/L vn] ] . cflv/ d[Tos' f cufl8 hLjgsf]
s]xL nfu]g . cfOtaf/sf] Pp6f ;fe“ mnfO{ cem a9L cGwsf/ / g/dfOnf] agfp“b} pgL
a]xf;] Ld} &$ jif{sf] pd/] df o; ;+;f/af6 labf eP . Tof] bM' vb\ cfOtaf/] ;fe“ m @)^* ;fn
c;f]h ! uts] f] lyof] .

!$= blnt kl/jf/df hlGdPsf sf/0fn] pgn] w/] } ckdfg / bM' v vks] f lyP . pgn] efu] s] f hftLo
ckdfgsf s/' f cfhsf dflg;n] t sNkgf;Dd klg ug{ ;Stg} f“} . :yflkt ;flxTosf/;dt]
sljtfsf cfj/0fdf pgLdfly hftLo ckdfg ug{ r'St}g lyP . pgL hftLo ckdfg /
e]befjsf] o; s'/LltnfO{ ldNsfpg rfxGy] . hfltsf cfwf/df ul/g] cdfgjLo Jojxf/
dfgjtf lj/f]wL sd{ xf] eGg] dfGotf pgsf] lyof] . pgsf lktf ;Tos'df/ blntn] kzk' ltdf
kj| z] kfpgk' 5{ eGg] cfGbf]ngsf cleoGtf lyP . hLjgsf] pQ/fw{lt/ /fdz/0fn] hftLo
dl' St cleofgcGtut{ cfkm\ gf ;d'bfosf dflg;x¿nfO{ ;ªu\ l7t ug{] sfd u/s] f lyP . olt
eP/ klg pgsf] d"n pmhf{ eg] kf| l1s sdt{ k{m g} ;dlkt{ eof] . pgn] cfkm" nfO{ c;Lldt
;ª3\ ifs{ f] s;Ldf 3fl] 6Psf] csa/L ;'gsf ¿kdf pEofpg ;kmn eP . pgL cfkm\ gf s[ltut
of]ubfgsf sf/0fn] g]kfnLsf dg dl:tisdf ;bj} hLljt /x]sf 5g\ .

zAbfy{

kfls{G;g M g;f v'lDrg] /fu]
kf}7“ fhf]/L M ;ª3\ if,{ an k|bz{gsf] v]n

cEof;

;g' fO

!= hLjgLsf] bf;] f| ] / kf“rf“} cg'R5b] lzIfs jf sIffsf] sg' } Ps ljBfyLn{ ] jfrg u/s] f]
;'g/] l7s a]l7s 56' o\ fpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ /fdz/0f g]kfnL ;g] fsf] AofG8sf gfOs] lyP .

-v_ /fdz/0fsf lktf sfdsf] vf]hLdf ljb]z uP .

-u_ /fdz/0fsf lktf b/af/ xfO:s'ndf k9b\ } lyP .

-3_ /fdz/0fsf] dfdf3/ ynL / uf]s0f{df lyof] .

-ª_ /fdz/0fn] kj| ]lzsf k/LIff dfq} pQL0f{ ug{ kfPsf lyP . 23
g]kfnL M sIff (

@= tnsf] kf7 ;'Ggx' f];\ / pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

sfnl' ;x+ /gkxn] L ef/tLo gk] fnL ;flxTosf/ xg' \ . pgsf lktfkv' f{ gk] fnaf6} /fh] uf/Lsf
l;nl;nfdf ef/t k;s] f lyP . sfnl' ;x+ sf] hGd ef/tdf g} ePsf] lyof] . ef/tsf] l;nLu8' Lsf
:yfoL afl;Gbf sfn'l;+xn] v;fª{ /]l8of]df lt; jif;{ Dd sfd u/] . clxn] pgL cjsfzsf]
hLjg latfO/x]sf 5g\ . d"n ¿kdf kqsf/ eP klg pgn] ;flxTosf Ifq] df klg plQs}
dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg lbPsf 5g\ . pgsf] vfl/Psf] sndsf] kl/ro syf / sljtf ljwfdf
kfOG5 .

-s_ sfnl' ;+x /gkx]nL sf] xg' \ <

-v_ pgnfO{ lsg ef/tLo gk] fnL elgPsf] xf] <

-u_ pgsf lktfkv' f{ lsg ef/t k;]sf lyP <

-3_ pgsf] dn" kl/ro s] xf] <

-ª_ pgL ;flxTosf s'g s'g ljwfdf lrlgPsf 5g\ <

#= kf7sf] rf}yf] cgR' 5]b >'ltnv] g ug{x' f;] \ .

af]nfO

!= tnsf zAbx¿ l7s;u“ pRrf/0f ugx{' f];\ / pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h:t} u/L n]Vg'xf;] \, h:t} M

kof{Kt÷k/=\ ofk\=t

vl6/f÷] v=l6=/f]=

cfly{s, b[li6, pRrf/0f, al' 4hLjL, Joj:yf

@= cf}krfl/s lzIff k|fKt gu/]sf] dflg; klg ljåfg\ aGg ;S5 eGg] ljifodf cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿sf
lardf 5nkmn ug'{xf];\ . To;af6 k|fKt lgisif{ sIffdf k:| t't ug{'xf;] \ .

#= 3/sf] cfly{s cefjn] k9fOnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg g;ss] f] ljifonfO{ lnP/ sIffsf b'O{ hgf
;fyL ldnL clego;lxt sIffdf s'/fsfgL ugx'{ f;] \ .

$= tkfOs{+“ f jl/kl/ pknAw x'g] afhfsf ljifodf s]xL ab“' f tof/ ug'{xf];\ / To;s} cfwf/df
sIffdf k:| t'lt ug{'xf;] \ .

k9fO

!= t;] |f] cgR' 5]bnfO{ b't| jfrg ugx'{ f];\ / ;f] cgR' 5b] k9\g tkfOn+{“ fO{ slt ;do nfUof], To;sf]
x]Ssf /fVgx' f;] \ .

24 gk] fnL M sIff (

@= ult / oltdf Wofg lbO{ kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b ;:j/jfrg ug{'xf;] \ .

#= tnsf] cgR' 5b] k9L ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

Pp6f dfG5]sf] hLjgdf !@ jif{ ;fx}| 7n' f] sfnv08 xf] . To;dfly klg ;ª\3if}{ ;ª3\ if{,
cefj} cefjlar lats] f] !@ jif{sf] s'/f leGg} xG' 5 . cfzc} fzfsf] eUg uf]/]6fdf l3l;/| xs] f]
ylst lhGbuLsf] dflg;n] /fS] g ;St}g ;dosf] kj| fxnfO{ . xl] nO/xG5 To;df pm rfx]/} jf
grfx]/} . ;dosf] j"m| / k|jfxdf /fhwfgLdf x]lnPkl5sf] gGbnfn;u“ e]6 eof] d]/f] – afUdtL
lsgf/sf] a:tL zªv\ d"ndf, km/flsnf] rf/} sf] lardf af;“ sf 6s] f nufP/ pEofOPsf] Pp6f
sr}+ ] 5fkf| df . kfn h:tf] bl] vg] kmf6s] f 6f6 / Knfl:6s tfgtg' kf/]/ pEofOPsf] lyof] p;sf]
af;:yfg . Toxfl“ eq lg:nf6] Hj/f] cfP/ ;l' t/xs] f] lyof] p;sf] 5f/] f] lji0f' . cfv] tL lsGg]
k};f geP/ gGbnfn / p;sL >LdtL kjgL /fO] /xs] f lyP . dnfO{ b]vk] l5 la/fdLn] cfkm\ gf
/l;nf cf“vf p7fP/ dlt/ x¥] of] dfgf}“ pm elg/x]sf] lyof,] æxfdL;u“ sx] L klg t 5g} , g k;} f
g vfgs] '/f .Æ

-6ªs\ pk|]tL M ‘gGbnfnsf] o'u’ lgaGwaf6_

-s_ gGbnfnsf] !@ jif{ s;/L lats] f] lyof] <

-v_ ;dosf] kj| fxdf dflg; s;/L xl] nG5 <
-u_ k|:tt' cg'R5]bdf gGbnfnsf] s:tf] cj:yfsf] lrq0f 5 <
-3_ gGbnfn / kjgL lsg /f]O/x]sf lyP <

-ª_ la/fdLsf cf“vf /l;nf x'g'sf bO' { cf6] f sf/0f s] s] x'g\ <
n]vfO

!= kf7 k9/] tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f;] \ M
-s_ /fdz/0fsf lktf lsg ljbz] uPsf lyP <
-v_ pgsf] kV' of}n{ L k];f s] lyof] <
-u_ pgsf] ?lr cWoogdf s;/L hfUof] <
-3_ pgsf] :jf:Yo afns sfndf s:tf] lyof] <
-ª_ pgsL cfdfsf] lgwg s;/L eof] <
-r_ lj= ;=+ @)@* df pgLdfly s:tf] ljkb\ cfOnfUof] <

gk] fnL M sIff ( 25

-5_ gk] fn Ps8] d] Lsf] hflu/n] pgnfO{ s:tf] cj;/ kb| fg u¥of] <

-h_ pgn] s] sf/0fn] k;] f kl/jtg{ u/] <

-em_ o'jf k':tfdf ;ªu\ Lttkm{ sf] ?lr s;/L a9fpg ;lsG5 <

@= kf7sf] af/f}“ cgR' 5b] af6 d'Vo d'Vo $ cf6] f ab“' f l6kL ;f/f+z nV] g'xf];\ .

#= kf7sf cfwf/df sDtLdf b; cf]6f ljz]if0f zAb /fvL /fdz/0fsf rfl/lqs ljz]iftfx¿
pNn]v ugx{' f;] \ .

$= /fdz/0fsf] hLjgLaf6 l;Sgk' g{] s'/fx¿ s] s] xg' \ < a'“bfut ¿kdf nV] g'xf];\ .

%= JofVof ug{x' f];\ M

-s_ hfltsf cfwf/df ul/g] cdfgjLo Jojxf/ dfgjtf lj/f]wL sfo{ xf.]

-v_ ;fr“ f] cyd{ f nv] s ToxL xf], hf] kl| tsn" kl/l:ylt / sl7g cj:yfdf klg cfk\mgf]
nv] gnfO{ lg/Gt/tf kb| fg ul//xG5, cfk\mgf] ;fwgfaf6 slxNo} ljdv' x“'bg} .

^= lgDg lnlvt a'“bfsf cfwf/df ‘;flxTosf/ afnsi[ 0f ;d’ zLif{sdf Pp6f hLjgL tof/
kfgx{' f;] \ M

klxnf] cg'R5b] — lj= ;+= !(%( sf] hGd — hGd :yfg sf7df8f“} — cfdf sLlt{/fHo
nIdL — a'af ;d/zdz]/ — j}ejzfnL kl/jf/ — bfh' k'is/zdz]/ — sdhf]/
:jf:Yosf — bfh'nfO{ a9L dfof u/s] fdf afnsi[ 0fnfO{ kL8f af]w .

bf;] f| ] cg'R5]b — 3/}df k= ltndfwj b]jsf]6fåf/f lzIff/De — kl5 b/af/ xfO:s'ndf
Dofl6s« ;Dd k9]sf — lqrGb| snh] df cfOP:;L ;Ddsf] cWoog — lard} f ;}lgs aGg'
k/s] fn] k9fO ck"0f{ — kl5 To;} sn]hdf kf| Wofkg .

t];f| ] cgR' 5b] — 3/d} f /ªu\ d~r — /f0ff b/af/dWo] ;ae} Gbf pRr:t/sf] /ª\ud~r pgs}
3/df — Toxf“ gfrufg / gf6s k|bz{g eO/xg] — o;}n] gf6sk|lt pgsf] cfsif{0f —
b/af/ :sn' df k9b\ f ljb]zL ;flxTosf/sf /rgf k9\g] cj;/ — ;f]xL j|mddf ;]S;lko/sf
/rgf k9s] f] — pgs} b'MvfGt gf6saf6 a9L k|efljt — gf6o\ ;d|f6\sf] pkflw xfl;n ug{
;kmn .

rfy} f] cg'R5]b — gf6s nV] g] dfq xf]Og — clego klg ug{] — lgbz]{ g klg ug{] —
/ª\ud~rsf] tflnd klg lbg] — To;sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ vr{ klg cfkm} “ Joxf]g{] — gf6ssf
Ifq] df pgsf] of]ubfg g/x]sf] eP cfh gk] fnL gf6s / /ªu\ d~rsf] xl} ;ot oxf“;Dd
gcfOk'Ug] .

26 gk] fnL M sIff (

&= nfdf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \

‘hLjgdf kf| Kt cj;/n] dflg;nfO{ ku| lt dfud{ f 8f¥] ofp5“ ’ eGg] egfOnfO{ /fdz/0f bgfn{ sf]
hLjgLsf cfwf/df :ki6 kfgx{' f;] \ .

*= lbOPsf zAb;u“ jfSodf /v] fªl\ st zAbsf] hf8] f ldnfO{ vfnL 7fp“ egx{' f;] \ M
sdhf]/, ul/aL, 56' \6L, kl| t1f, dS' t

============================ -s_ pgL hflu/] hLjgaf6 lgj[Q ePkl5 kl/jf/sf] cfly{s cj:yf
emg\ hh/{ aGg k'Uof] .

============================= -v_ o:tf] ljkGgtfdf afNosfn uh' f/s] f /fdz/0fn] ljBfnosf] zN' s;dt] ltg{
;sg] g\ .

======================================== -u_ pgn] cWoogdf nfUg] ;ªs\ Nk u/] .

========================================= -3_ pgnfO{ lagfs;'/ ;j] faf6 cjsfz lbOof] .

========================================= -ª_ dfbnsf] tfnlagf aGbs' sf] gfn klg lkmtnf] x'G5 .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf pbfx/0f k9/] kb;ªu\ lt klxrfg ugx'{ f];\ M

lnªu\ ut kb;ªu\ lt – alxgL ljBfno uO{ . efOn] syf k9o\ f] .

jrgut kb;ªu\ lt – Pp6f v;L x/fof] . bO' { cf6] f v;L x/fP . es" Dk kLl8tx¿ kfndf a;] .

k'?ifut kb;ª\ult – d ljBfno hfG5' . xfdLn] lxhf]sf] klqsf k9\of}“ . ltdL laxfg slt ah]
cfof} < t“ dfdf3/ hfG5;\ ls hfb“ }g;\ < d]/L 5f/] Ln] k"mnaf/L uf8] L . p;sf 5f/] fn]
t/sf/L ksfof] .

cfb/ut kb;ªu\ lt – cfdfn] snh] sf] sfd l;Wofpge' of] . aa' f a7} s ;s/] ev/{ cfpge' of] .
pgL xfdf| /fd|f ljBfyL{ xg' \ . t“ klg To:t} /fdf| ] x'g] ko| Tg u/\ . alxgL t To;} klg
ltdLeGbf c;n 5g\ .

@= tnsf] cgR' 5b] df lnªu\ ut, jrgut, k?' ifut / cfb/ut kb;ª\ult ldnfpg'xf];\ M

lxhf] d rjm| kydf PSn} lxl“ 8/x]sf] lyP“ . PsfGt sg' flg/ k'Ubf Pp6L j[4 dlxnfn] kfgL
a]lr/x]sf] lyof] . ToxL a]nf csf]{ s]6L klg cfof] . p;n] To; dlxnfnfO{ ;xof]u
u¥of] . To;kl5 d rf“8} ljBfno k'u]“ . cfh laxfg} xfd|f] ljBfnodf y'k|} dflg;
cfof] . tLdWo] ;a}eGbf df6] f] s]6f] cufl8 ;¥of] . kfn] bfOn] klg xQkQ 9f]sf vf]lnlbOg\ .
To;kl5 ;a} dflg; leq k:of] . lxhf] ljBfnosf] Pp6f s6] f] uf8Laf6 v;/] 3fOt] eP5g\ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 27

To;a} n] f b; sIffsf ljBfyLx{ ¿ klg cfof] . pgLx¿ t ;w“} Dofb gf3k] l5 dfq} kmf/fd ae' mfpg
cfp“5f} . ltdL t To;f] ulb{g xf]nf lg < a? ltdLx¿ slxn] cfp5“ ;,\ klxNo} va/ ul//fv\
n ¤ ;Ltf ltdLn] oL ;an} fO{ ;dft/] ;dod} n] . tx“ ¿sf] t dnfO{ kTof/} 5}g . d ljBfno
uPsf a]nfdf d/] f] 7n' f] dfdf Psflaxfg} d/] f] 3/df cfP5 . cfdf s's'/nfO{ 8n' fpg lg:ss] L
lyO{ . aa' f klg 3/df lyPg . efO rflx“ lgbfO{ /fVg'ePsf] lyof] . cfdfeGbf cl3 s's'/
leq k:ge' of] . pgn] dfdfnfO{ bV] gf;fy emlD6xfn] . xNnf ;g' ]/ efO klg Aoe“' mg'eof] .
#= kb;ªu\ lt ldNg] u/L vfnL 7fp“ egx{' f;] \ M
-s_ cfh sIff gf}sf s]6fx¿n] syf ======= .
-v_ km' af{ tfdfª sIffsfo{ ug{df lgk0' f ======.
-u_ ====== hlt ;a}n] k/LIff lauf/]5g\ .
-3_ =========n] alxgLnfO{ eft vj' fO{ .
-ª_ =========== km' 6an v]Nb} 5g\ .
$= pko'St kb;ªu\ lt ldnfO{ cfkm\ gf] kl/jf/sf] aofg ug'x{ f;] \ .
kl/of]hgf sfo{
-s_ g]kfndf ko6{ g ljsf;sf] ;Defjgfaf/] ljleGg ;f| t] af6 ;fdu|L ;ª\sng ugx{' f];\ . k|fKt
;fduL| sf cfwf/df gk] fnsf] ko6{ g kj| wg{ sf] ;Defjgfsf af/]df cfnv] tof/ ugx'{ f];\ .
-v_ sg' } P]ltxfl;s JolSt jf 36gf;“u ;DalGwt ab“' fx¿ ;ª\sng ug{'xf;] \ . ltgsf cfwf/df
cfnv] tof/ kf/L sIffdf k:| t't ugx'{ f;] \ .

28 g]kfnL M sIff (

kf7 $ d sf] x“' <

– ;'wf lqkf7L

!= d t rf/] x '“ lg ¤ tkfOn{“ fO { yfxf 5 ls 5}g < lsg cfkm\ gf cf“vf 7'nf 7'nf kf//] tGsfpg'ePsf]
lg < tkfOn“{ ] dnfO { ;Hhg ;Demge' Psf ] lyof ] xfn] f . o;n} ] kTofpge' Pg . ;å ] dflg;n ] cfkm" nfO {
lagf sfddf rf]/ eGbg} eg]/ tkfO{“n+ ] dnfO { dfgl;s /f]uL t ;Demge' Pg < t/ xg] f]{;,\ dnfO{
dfgl;s /f]uL rflx“ geGgx' f;] \ x}, tkfO“s{ f dv' af6 d]/f lglDt Tof ] zAb lg:Sof ] eg] ;To, d
gl/;fP t s] ¤ dnfO { tkfOn{“ ] rf]/ eGge' of ] eg] rflx“ d kSs } /dfp5“ ' . d ;f“Rrs} f] rf/]
rflx “ x'“, t/ kSsf rf/] aGg rflx“ d}n ] ce}m lgs} jif { rfg] ]{ cEof; hf/L /fVgk' 5{ . tkfOs{“ f
cufl8 o;/L rf]/L :jLsf/ ubf{ dnfO{ 7\ofDd } nfh klg nfus] f] 5g} / tkfO“{n ] of ] s/' f c¿nfO {
elglbg ' xf]nf eGg ] 8/ klg nfu]sf] 5}g . d}n ] olt eGbf klg tkfO “{ lsg d/] f ] s/' f kTofpg
;Sg'x'Gg < g9f“6L eGg'xf]; \ t, tkfO{“n ] leqL dgb]lv g } dnfO { ;Hhg ;Demge' Psf ] 5, xf ] <

@= d Odfgbf/ x“ ' ls xf]Og eGg ] s'/f t tkfO{“n] yfxf kfO;Sge' Psf ] 5}g t/ d cfk"mnfO {
Odfgbf/ rf/] agfpg ko| Tg/t 5' . rf/] klg sxL “ Odfgbf/ xG' 5 / ¤ eGg] ts{ lemSgx' fn] f .
rf]g' { g} lsg k/]sf] lyof ] < dfu] t eOxfNYof] lg ¤ eGgx' fn] f . d rf]/L ug{ afWo 5 ' . ux' \o
s/' f] t s] eg ] d}n] rf]g {] u/]sf s'/fx¿ t dfu]/ s'g} xfntdf klg kfpg ;lsGg, afWo eP/
rf]g{ } k5 { . rf]g { afWo kfg{] csf{ ] dV' o s/' f] s ] eg ] lg ¤ d c;fWo} ul/a 5', d;u“ tL
s'/fx¿ kofK{ t 5g} g \ . ul/a eg/] dfof u//] s;}n] oxf“ p;sf ] rfxgf klg t kl/kl" t{ ul/lbb“ g}
lg ¤ w]/ } eP bof;Dd unf { . dnfO{ bofdf af“Rg ;s; xG' 5 .

#= k]ml/ tkfOn“{ ] dnfO{ t“ tL s/' f grf/] L afR“ g ;Sb} ;lSbg;\ t < eg/] ;f]lwxfNg'ef ] . d tkfO“n{ fO {
9fl“ 6lbpm“ ls ;fr“ f ] s'/f atfp“m t < eOxfNof] 9f6“ l\ bg “ . Pp6f s/' f] 9f“6\bf k]ml/ ;a} s/' f
9f“6s] } 7xnf{ . d ;fr“ f ] s'/f rflx“ eG5' . xg] f;]{ \, Ps d'7L ;f; hf]ufpg t kzn' ] klg hfgs] }
xG' 5 . kzn' ] hlt dfq } af“r/] xfdL dflg;sf] hftnfO{ kU' 5 / < xf], ToxL kzn' ] eGbf clnstf
a9L afR“ g dg nfUof ] t/ cfkm" ;“u yk lhGbuLsf nflu kofK{ t ;fdn lyPg . o;}n] /x/n] egf }“
ls sn] ] egf} “ < rfg] { rflx “ afWo eP/ } rf]g{k' /s] f ] xf] .

$= aNn ca rflx“ clnslt v;' L nfUof] dnfO{, lsgeg] ca tkfO“{n] d/] f s'/f clnslt kTofpg
yfn]sf ] efj tkfO{“sf ] cgx' f/df bv] f kg { yfn]sf ] 5 . laGtL, To; efjnfO{ an]sf ] lbof] em} “ cem
psf:gx' f;] \ . kVg'xf;] \, tkfO{“nfO { d klg ;3fp“5' . tkfO“s{ f ] dgdf d}n] s ] s] rf]/ “] eGg ] vN' b'nL

zAbfy{ 29
efj M cfzo

g]kfnL M sIff (

hfu ] h:tf ] 5 . w}o{ ugx'{ f;] ,\ d EofPhlt s/' fx¿ tkfO{“nfO{ ;'gfp“5' t/ tkfO{ “ k'm;{bL kf ] x'g'x'G5
s] < eu} f], tkfO“{sf ] km' ;{bn ] hlt yU] g ;S5, Tolt dfq} ;g' fp“5' . nf } x]/, lsg Tolt ljlw
r~rn xg' e' Psf ] < ;f;nfO { lsg Tolt l56f] tfGb } 5f8\b} ug'{ePsf] < d clxn ] tkfOn{“ fO {
sx] L ;g' fp“b } g;g' fO { efu ]“ eg] lg < P, n3fg{] kf ] ¤ eOxfNof], ca tkfO{“nfO { b'Mv lbGg“ t/ dn} ]
afN] bfafN] b } lardf sg' } kZ| g gug{'xf]nf . ;f]w] klg d}n] ;a} s/' f atfO;sk] l5 dfq ;fW] g'xf]nf .

%= rfg] { kfP “ eg/] dn} ] h ] kfof ] ToxL rfg] {] xf ] / < To;leqsf ] uf7“ L s/' f ] rflx “ rf5] {' . h:tf ] M aur“} fdf
hfG5', k"mnx¿nfO { cfv“ f / dgx¿n] :kz{ u5 '{ . p;sf ] d':sfg rf]5,{' cf;“ ' rf5] {' . ‘hLjg
Ifl0fs 5, o; Ifl0fstfdf d ;Gti' 6 5g} ’ eGb} km" nn ] dG' 6f] xNnfp“bf k"mnaf6 Ifl0fstfsf] efj
rf]5'{ . afbnnfO{ x]/]/ p;sf] uDeL/tf rf]5'{ . slxn]sfxL“ t afbn l/;fp“5, a];/L
uh]{/ ufnL u5,{ lemlnNn kfb}{ cuN' 6f ] km\ ofS“ 5 . p;sf ] ufnL / l/;df ;Dk0" f { ;[li6 nxnxfpg ]
l;hg{ fTdstf ns' s] f ] xG' 5 . hLjgsf nflu To:tf ] ;sf/fTds ufnL / l/; cfjZos xg' ] ePsfn]
d ltgsf ] efj rf]5 '{ . clg s]xL l;k gnfu]/ afbn slxn ] ;“S' s ;'S“ s t slxn] 8fs“ f ] 5f8/] ?g
yfN5 . d p;sf] To; cf“;'sf] Oltxf; rf]/]/ v;' 'Ss efU5 ' . slxNo } guNg] / gyfSg ]
kxf8x¿nfO { x/] ]/ ltgLx¿sf] kt| LIffleqsf] w}o{sf ] efj rf]5' { . lxpb“ df kft em/]/ gfª\u } ePsf
?vx¿df j;Gtdf kfn'jf knfPsf] bv] ]/ ltgLx¿af6 gj hLjgsf] efj rf5] {' . ;Nnf3f/Lsf
;;' fOx¿af6 56k6L / lgMZjf;sf
efj rf]5{ ' . klx/fx¿af6 leqleq}
ps';d's'; eO/x]sf] kxf8sf ]
rf]6sf] efj rf]5'{, gbLgfnfaf6
;ªu\ Lt rf5] '{ . hLjgdf lx+;s| tf
pv]Ngsf nflu lx+;|stfs} vf“rf ]
x'G5 . o;}n] lx+;|s kz'x¿sf
hLjgaf6 lx+;|stf rf]5'{ .
r/fr'?ª\uLsf lr/Lla/Laf6
pgLx¿sf hLjgsf] syf rf]5'{,
pGdS' ttf rf5] {' . zi' s ks| [ltaf6
lg/;tf rf]5'{, x/fe/f jf;GtL
k|s[ltaf6 pT;fx rf]5{ ' .

zAbfy{

n3fg'{ M wkfpg'

Ifl0fs M 5f6] f] ;do

k|tLIff M kvf{O

w}o{ M gcflQg ] u'0f

pGd'St M :jtGq

zi' s M ;S' vf

30 gk] fnL M sIff (

^= k|sl[ t t k|s[lt g} eof], p;nfO{ s;n] rflx “ rf]/s] f], 7us] f,] n'6s] f ] 5}g / < oL s/' fx¿
rfb] {}df ks| [lt slxn] kf] l/lQPsf] 5 / < d efj rf5] {', k|s[ltsf ] efiff p;};“u /xG5 . ks| [ltsf]
;j:{ j xfdL hLjx¿s } ;DklQ t xf] . ;a}n ] plQs } pkof]u ug{ kfp5“ g \ . d rflx “ cln
nfe] L 5,' c¿sf ] eGbf cln 7n' f ] efu kfpg ] nfn;f 5 . oxL yk efusf nflu d rf/] L ub {} 5 ' .

ks| l[ t cfdf x'g\, ;Gtfg;u“ ;w} + ?i6 eO/xg klg ;lStgg\ lg ¤

&= dn} ] cfh;Dd ;aeGbf a9L rf]/L cfdfaf6} u/s] L 5' . d/] f lglDt hute\ /s } cfdfx¿ d]/L

cfdfdf cfP/ Psfsf/ ePsf 5g\ . d]/L cfdf cfdf dfq xf]Ogg\, d/] L lgs6td ;“lugL klg
x'g \ . o;n} ] t d}n ] cfdfsf ] cleGg ldq ag]/ pgLaf6 cfdf efj rf/] ]“ . ;Gtfg ljof]usf ] kL8f
klg d]/L cfk\mg } cfdfaf6 rf/] “ ] . d/] L b[li6 x'g\ cfdf, ;;+ f/nfO { xg] {] efj klg pg}af6 rf]/“ ] .
pgL 5f/] fnfO{ klg sd dfof ulbg{ g \ . 5f]/LnfO { ce}m a9L dfof gu/L gxg' ] 7flG5g \ . 5f/] Ln ]
sl'“ hPsf kv]6fnfO { lj|mofzLn gagfO{ gxg' ] eGg ] kljq efj klg d}n ] pga} f6 rf]/“ ] . ;dfhn ]
l;lhP{ sf 5f]/L hftsf nª} \lus ljifdtfn ] /GylgPsf pgsf efj rf]/ ]“ . v,} pgLaf6 t s] s]
rf/] “] s ] s ] ¤

*= cfdfnfO{ dfq xf] / ¤ d}n ] t afafnfO { ;d]t rf]l/gaf6 hfu] fpg ;lsg“ . ;fdflhs kk| ~rsf]
afw] x'g yfnk] l5 ;/ntf, lgeLs{ tf / :jfledfg rf/] “] . slxn ] afaf;u“ afe]m/, h'w]/ / slxn]
rflx“ afafsf] cf1fsf/L kq' L ag]/ pgLaf6 lkt[efj rf/] ]“ . cfh /fd|/L ;fR] bf kf] yfxf kfP,“
d}n ] ;ae} Gbf a9L cfk\mg} cfdfafafnfO{ g} rf]/]sL /lx5' . cfdfafafafx]s d/] f] csf]{ OZ{ j/
5g} . tL d]/f ;j:{ j x'g\, d ltgsf] k"hf u5{ ' t/ pgLx¿nfO{ of] s'/f k6Ss} yfxf 5g} . d
cfkm\ gf dgdf ltgnfO { lj/fhdfg u/fP/ cJoSt efjgfsf k'ikx¿ xb{d ck{0f ul//x]sL 5' .

(= ca tkfO“{ g} ljrf/ ug{x' f;] \, cfk\mgf cfdfafafnfO{ t rf]g]{n ] c¿nfO { s ] afs“ L /fv]sL xn“' f <
dflg;x¿n] cfk;df ljlgdo u/]sf ofjt\ k|sf/sf k]d| b]v“] eg ] o; } o; } ltgLx¿lt/ tflgg
yfN5', ldqtf u5 '{ . pgLx¿nfO { To;df ljZj:t agfp5“ ' . To;kl5 ;6' 'Ss, pgLx¿n ] yfxf
gkfOs{ g kd]| efj rf]//] pl5l6G5 ' . dgdg } ljleGg kltkTgLsf 9fr“ f tof/ kf5'{ / kT| os]

zAbfy{

?i6 M l/;fPsf]
Psfsf/ M Pp6 }
kk| ~r M rfh“ fk] fh“ f]
lgeL{s M lg8/
:jfledfg M cfTd ;Ddfg
lkt[efj M lktfdf x'g ] efjgf
lj/fhdfg M /x]sf÷] zf]efodfg
ck0{ f M >4fkj" s{ lbg ] sfd

g]kfnL M sIff ( 31

9fr“ fsf kltkTgL;u“ glhlsG5' . ltgsf ljleGg vfn ] efjx¿ rf5] { ' . s;n} fO{ bfh'efph " agfP/
bfh ' xg' 'sf] efj / efph " xg' s' f] efj rf]5'{ . cfk}ma“ f6 / efOalxgLx¿af6 kq' kq' L efj rf]5 {' .

!)= Tolt dfq } sxf“ xf] / < tg, dg / wgn ] b'MvL xg' x] ¿dfly klg dn} ] o:tf sd{ u/s] L 5 ' . pgLx¿
bM' vn ] ?b“ f / 56k6fpb“ f d cfk"m klg pgLx¿;“u} ?“b } / 56k6fp“b} pgLx¿sf efj ;'6'Ss
rf]//] cfk\mgf] dgdf yGSofPsL 5' . bM' vL ul/asf] b'Mv, kL8f, bf;tf cflbsf] j|mGbgsf ]
Odfgbf/ >f]tf / ;XboL z'elrGts ag]/ pgLx¿af6 tL ;a } s/' fsf] kL8fsf ] efj rf/] s] L
5 ' . cfkm" h:t } cGo g]kfnL dlxnfx¿sf hLjgaf6 lg:;f/nfUbf ] ?jfO / s0' 7fsf] efj klg
rf/] s] L 5' . of] efj t d/] f ] Xboaf6 hlt vGofP klg l/lQg ;s]sf] 5g} . ?jfO / s'07fsf
lgTo gjLg efjx¿ dgel/, dl:tisel/ pynky' n eO/x]5g\ .

!!= clxn] tkfO“{ afnsdfly t bof /fvs] } /lx5 eg]/
9'Ss x'g'ePsf] xf]nf . t/ ldq ¤ To;/L 9'Ss
gxg' f;] \ . d/] f ] dg b;sfb“} l] v rf/] Ldf cEo:t eO;ss] f]
5 . o;nfO { t rfg] { kfP kU' of ] . rf/] L g } o;sf ] ceLi6
eO;s]sf] 5 . s'g } lbg sx] L rfl] /g “ eg] t s] lal;P{
lal;{P h:tf ] nfU5 . dnfO { tkfOs{“ f cufl8 s]xL klg
9f“6\g dg nfu]sf] 5}g . o;n} ] t cfkm\ gf ] dg tkfOs{“ f
;fd ' pbfªu\ f ] kf//] slxn ] slxnb] l] vsf ] ps;' ds' ;' af6
plDsg vf]Hb} 5' . oxL rf/] Ls} Wo]on ] afnsx¿
;fd' ldqtfsf ] leIff dfUg cfkm\ gf b'j} xft k}mnfPsL
5' . pgLx¿n ] dnfO{ lgZ5n, lgisk6, kljq, l:gUw
dfofsf ] ;fu/df r'nD'{ d 8a' fPsf 5g \ . Pp6 } rSn6]
6fs] /] cfwf cfwf af8“ /] vfPsL 5,' Ps uf;“ vfgs] /' f ]
klxn ] pgLx¿nfO { vj' fP/ ToxL afs“ L h7' f ] klg k;| fb
em“} u//] vfPsL 5 ' . d/] f ] cfv“ fdf x/] t sf ] 5 <

zAbfy{ g]kfnL M sIff (
j|mGbg M ?jfO
;XboL M bofn'
s'07f M blaPsf] OR5f
lgTo M ;w}s“ f]
lgZ5n M 5n5fd gePsf]
lgisk6 M sk6 gePsf]
l:gUw M ;s' f]dn, dfofn,' ;'dw'/

32

eGb} cfkm\ gf cfv“ fdf ePsf] ltgsf] tl:a/ bv] fP/ ljl:dt, rlst, kn' lst ltgsf ld7f ] efj
rf]/s] L 5' . ;fgf 5's5's ] xftn] dnfO { cu“ fn/] ltgLx¿ xf“:bf cfk"m klg pgLx¿l;t xf:“ bfxf:“ b}
pgLx¿n ] kTt } gkfO { pgLx¿af6 xf;“ f ] / pNnf;sf Gofgf efjx¿ rf/] s] L 5' . pgLx¿ ?b“ f
cfk"m klg ;“u;“u } /f]P/ pgLx¿af6 cf“;s' f afn efjx¿ rf]/s] L 5' .

!@= d}n ] dflg; / k|sl[ taf6 t ofjt \ efj rf]/s] L 5' g } . bM' vfGts xg' \ jf ;'vfGts, ;flxToaf6
klg cfgGbsf] efj rf/] s] L 5 ' . ;'vfGts ;flxToaf6 eGbf klg b'MvfGts ;flxToaf6 a9L uxg
cfgGb k|fKt x'G5 . o;n} ] t ;;+ f/df b'MvfGts ;flxTosf ] ke| fjnfO { a9L tLj| dflgg] u5 { .
o;}n ] To;af6 ;xh ¿kdf cfgGbsf] efjsf] rf/] L u/]sL 5 ' . r/fsf ] lrla{/af6 z}nL rf]/s] L
5', k"mnsf] ;f}Gboa{ f6 lzNk rf]/s] L 5 ' . k|sl[ t tyf dfgjaf6 pkdf rf/] ]sL 5' . cem lbn
vfn] /] eGg ] xf ] eg ] bGTosyfaf6 rf/] s] f ] pkdf cfh;Dd dnfO { ;aeGbf a9L lko| nfus] f 5g \ .

!#= ca t kTofpg'eof] xfn] f lg d/] f ] s'/f < ca 5ftLdf xft /fv]/ eGg'xf]; \ t d rf]/ x '“ ls
xfO] g < rfb] f{rfb] f { ca t “ wgL eO;ls; \ / ] ¤ dnfO { klxnf g} tkfO{“n ] o; } eGgx' f]nf eGg] t
nfu]sf] lyof ] . k]ml/ s] ;f]Wg cf“6g\ 'ePsf ] < P ¤ tL ;a } s'/f sxf “ /fv]sL 5 ' / ] < x'G5, kVgx' f;] ,\
olQsf s'/fx¿ atfO;sk] l5 TolQ s/' f atfpg lsg sGh';L uy “{] ¤ d}n] b'Mv u//] ;Dxfn]sf
s'/fx¿ c¿n ] rfl] /b]nfg\ eg]/ tkfO{n“ ] dnfO { ;fjwfg u/fpg'ePsf ] < d t klxNo}bl] v ;fjwfg
5' . cfh;Dd s;}n] klg daf6 sx] L klg rf]/s] } 5}g . ;fob rf]g{ nfos s]xL gbv] /] kf ] xf ]
ls ¤ slxns] fxL“ t cfkm" af6 klg rf/] fpg /x/ nfU5 . rfg] ]n{ ] grfl] /lbPkl5 d]/f ] s ] nfU5
/ < t/ s/' f csf]{ klg 5 . o:tf s'/f rfb] f { Ps t rfl] /g]nfO { gfS] ;fg klg xb'“ }g, csf{] p;nfO{
kQf ] klg x'“bg} . o;n} ] cfk"m rf]l/Psf ] s/' f d}n] kQ } gkfPsf ] klg x'g ;S5 .

!$= olt ;a} eO;s/] klg :jodn\ fO{ o;f ] 5fdL x]5 {' t/ l/Sttf l;jfo sx] L kfpl“ bg“ . hlt g} rf/] L
u/] klg cfk"m t sª\ufnsf ] sª\ufn g } . n, To;/L lsg xf“:ge' Psf] < gkTofP/ xfn] f .
cl3 klg t tkfO{n+“ ] d}n ] cfkm" nfO { rf]/ eg]/ 3f]if0ff ubf{ kTofpg'ePsf ] lyPg lg ¤ d}n ] ;a }
s'/f eg]kl5 of] s'/f klg tkfO {“ cjZo kTofpgx' G' 5 . c“ t, ;G' gxf];,\ cfkm\ gf efjx¿nfO{
cIfosfi] fsf ¿kdf dgleq } kf“h]/ /fvs] L lyP “ . cGoqaf6 rfl] /Psf efjx¿ l/lQPkl5

zAbfy{

ljl:dt M cfZrod{ f k/s] f]
k'nlst M /dfPsf]
pNnf; M v;' L
bM' vfGts M b'Mvdf 6ª' l\ uPsf ]
;'vfGts M ;'vdf 6'ªl\ uPsf]
cIfosfi] f M gdfl;g] 9's'6L

kfh“ ]/ M 6Dd ldnfP/

gk] fnL M sIff ( 33

cfk\mgf efjsf ] efu] rng ug]{ ;'/ lyof ] . k'5f/df cfk\mgf efj / To;}dfly cGoqaf6 rfl] /Psf
efjx¿ yk' fg{] u/]sL lyP “ . tL rfl] /Psf efjn ] lyRbflyRbf cfk\mgf efj t hDd } kfgL k/s] f ]
l;d]G6 e“m} hld;s]5g \ . s'g } lbg rf]/L ug{ ] OR5f d¥of ] eg] t d 7'nf ] gbLsf larsf ] ljzfn
kTy/;/x z'is xg' s] a]/ ¤ xf]Og t <
!%= sxf “ x'g ' < wgL eP/ d}n ] o:tf] s'/f u/]s} xfO] g . ;f“Rr } tkfOn{“ ] o;f ] eGbf t d]/f] lrQ
b'MVof] . d}n] t tkfOn{“ fO{ ;dt] k/fI] f rf/] 7x¥ofPsL 5 ' . k|ToIf rf]g ]{ dfq rf]/ x'G5 / <
rf]/Lsf ;fdfg pkof]u ug]{ klg t rf]/ g } x'G5 lg ¤ tkfO{ “ cfk\mgf ] cgx' f/sf sg' } /v] f klg
gvhdHofO{ xf]Og eGg ;Sg'x'G5 < lsg To;/L 6fn] fpg'eof ] < tkfO{“n] rf]/Lsf ;fdfg pkof]u
uge'{ Psf ] 5g} / ] < ;DemL x]g'x{ f]; \ t . kl5 dn} ] elg;sk] l5 P xf] t geGg'xf]nf lg ¤
!^= s'/f s] eg] lg ¤ d}n] cfk\mgf rf]/Lsf dfnx¿ ;flxTosf dfWodaf6 ;a}nfO{ af“8\g ]
u/]sL 5 ' . pm ¤ pm ¤ d':s'/fpge' f ] xfO] g t < dn} ] egs] L lyP “ lg ¤ Psflt/af6 rf¥] of,]
csf{lt/ yk' f¥of] . u8“ o\ f}nf h:t} eOg“ t d < t/ d ;fx} | b'MvL 5' . lsgeg] lg ¤ grf]g'{
rf]l/;sk] l5 cs}l{ t/ g} eP klg rf]/Lsf ;a} s/' f yk' fg { ;s ] t a];} lyof ] . tLdWo ] slt d]/f
cfk\mgf dgsf efj;“u ldn/] h8 xG' 5g\, slt k/:k/ lj/f]wL efjx¿;u“ ldn]/ ljn'Kt x'G5g\,
slt rflx “ ;flxTo¿kL 9's'6Ldf k'¥ofP/ vGofp“bf vGofp“b } otfptf kf]lvP/ v]/ hfG5g \ .
d'l:snn ] Ps rt'yf+z{ efj dfq 9s' 6' Ldf hDdf xg' kU' 5g\ . Tolt oTgn] ;u“ fns] f] :dl[ tk~' h
Psrfl] 6 nl] v;sk] l5 To; } To; } lj:dt[ aGg kU' 5 . csf {] :dl[ t g;u“ flnGhn] rflx “ a; \ pxL dgsf ]
l/Sttf dfq } ¤ o;}n ] t d ;flxTosf/ aGg klg c¿sf Xbosf] efj rfg] {' k/]g / < ldq ¤ ca
tkfO “{ klg d}n] e}m“ v'nf Xbon] eGgx' f]; \ t tkfO{n“ ] d/] f ] s:tf ] d"Nofª\sg ug{'eof] <

-‘hLjg ;q" / :jKgfef;’ lgaGw ;ª\ux| af6_

zAbfy{
k/fI] f M ck|ToIf
rty' fz{+ M rf/ efusf ] Ps efu
:dl[ tk~' h M ;Demgfsf ] ;u“ fnf]

34 g]kfnL M sIff (

cEof;

;g' fO

!= lgaGwsf] kfr“ f}“ cg'R5]b ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf l7s al] 7s egfO 56' o\ fpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ k"mnaf6 Ifl0fstfsf ] efj rfl] /G5 .

-v_ km" n l/;fp5“ , a];/L uh/{] ufnL u5 { .

-u_ ;Nnf3f/Lsf ;;' fOaf6 kxf8sf ] rf6] sf] efj rfl] /G5 .

-3_ r/fr?' ª\uLaf6 n]vsn ] hLjgsf ] syf / pGd'Sttf rf]5 { .

@= lgaGwsf] clGtd cgR' 5b] ;'Gg'xf];\ / ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ eGg'xf];\ M

-s_ rf/] Lsf] dfn af“8g\ ] dfWod s] xf ] <

-v_ rf]/Lsf] slt efj rflx“ 9s' '6Ldf hDdf x'G5 <

-u_ nv] sn] rf]g ]{ s'/fsf ] d"Nofª\sg tkfOn“{ ] s;/L uge{' of ] <

#= tnsf] cg'R5]b ;'Ggx' f;] \ / pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

;~rf/n ] xfdf| ] hLjgsf ;a } Ifq] nfO { ke| fljt tN' ofp5“ . nª} l\ us el" dsfsf af/d] f klg ;~rf/
hut \ ke| fjsf/L xG' 5 . kqklqsf, 6l] nlehg, rnlrq ;ad} f k?' if / dlxnfsf ] el" dsfsf ] j0fg{
kfOG5 . logn ] dlxnf / k?' ifsf ] ;dfg el" dsfsf ] j0fg{ ul5g{ \ . rfln; jifc{ l3;Dd ;;+ f/df of]
cj:yf lyPg . ;'?df dlxnfnfO{ 5f/] f5f/] L xg] ]{ / 3/sf] sfd ug{] e"ldsf lbOGYof ] . cfdfn ]
3/ a:g ] / afa'n] aflx/ uP/ sfd ug ]{ k/Dk/fut k:| t'lt clxn] klg 6]lnlehg / rnlrqdf
bl] vG5 . o:tf ] k:| tl' tn ] ;dfhdf nª} l\ us c;dfgtfnfO { sfod /fV5 . dfG5s] f ] nª} l\ us leGgtf
zf/Ll/s dfq xf] . ;fdflhs ;f+:sl[ ts e"ldsfdf dlxnf k?' if ;dfg x'g \ . k"0f{ / Gofok0" f {
;dfhsf ] :yfkgfsf nflu k'?if dlxnfdf ;dJojxf/ cfjZos 5 .

-s_ dlxnfsf] el" dsfsf] j0fg{ kfOg] ;~rf/sf dfWod sg' sg' xg' \ <

-v_ ;?' df dlxnf / k'?ifnfO { s;/L x]l/GYof] <

-u_ n}ªl\ us Gofo lsg cfjZos 5 <

-3_ o; cgR' 5b] sf] d'Vo ;Gbz] s ] xf ] <

$= kf7sf] rfw} f“} cg'R5b] >'ltnv] g ugx{' f];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 35

af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] l7s pRrf/0f ug{'xf;] \ / pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L pRrf/0f ul/Psf]

s'/f n]Vgx' f;] \ M
h:t} M hLjg÷lhag, cf1fsf/L÷cfUUofs“ fl/
Ifl0fs, vN' bn' L, ;x[boL, k|tLIff, ceLi6, l/Sttf, :dl[ tk~' h, d"Nofª\sg, l:gUw, lj:d[t
@= lgaGwdf nv] sn] s]sf nflu lsg rf]/L ug{] ljrf/ agfPsL x'g\ eGg] af/]df ;d"xdf 5nkmn
u/L To;sf] lgisif{ sIffdf k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .
#= dlgnf / kj| z] Pp6f k':ts k;ndf e]6 x'G5g\ . s:tf] k':ts k9\g] eGg] af/]df pgLx¿sf
lar x'g] s'/fsfgL nv] L xfpefp;lxt sIffdf k:| tt' ug{x' f];\ .
$= tkfO“+{ cfkm" nfO{ s;/L lrgfpgx' G' 5 < cfkm\ gf af/d] f ab“' f agfpgx' f;] \ / sIffdf k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ .
k9fO
!= rf}yf] / kf“rf“} cgR' 5]bnfO{ ;:j/jfrg ug'{xf;] \ / tL cg'R5b] k9g\ tkfO{n“ fO{ slt ;do nfUof],
lzIfsnfO{ ;fW] g'xf];\ .
@= kf7 k9k] l5 n]vs s:tf] vfnsL rf]/ xg' \ eGg] s/' f cg'dfg ug'e{ of,] n]Vgx' f;] \ .
#= ‘d sf] x'“’ lgaGw k9L o;sf ;a} ljifonfO{ ;d6] \g] u/L ;d"xdf kf“r cf]6f k|Zg lgdf{0f ug{'xf];\
/ lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpgx' f];\ .
$= pSt k|Zgsf] pQ/ klg tof/ kf/L sIffdf k:| tt' ugx'{ f];\ .
n]vfO
!= lgaGwsf] ;ftf}“ cgR' 5b] af6 d'Vo dV' o kf“r a'“bf l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .
@= ‘d sf] x'’“ lgaGwsf d'Vo ;Gb]z s] xf,] n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= JofVof ug'x{ f;] \ M
-s_ ks| [lt t k|s[lt g } eof,] p;nfO{ s;n] rflx “ rf]/s] f,] 7us] f], n'6s] f ] 5g} / <
-v_ cfdfafafafxs] d]/f ] csf]{ O{Zj/ 5g} .
$= ‘d k"mn x“’' zLifs{ df Pp6f cg'R5]b /rgf ug{'xf;] \ .

36 g]kfnL M sIff (

%= ‘d/] f ;kgfx¿’ eGg] zLif{sdf ;j{k|yd lzIfsaf6 a“'bfx¿ k|fKt ug'x{ f];\ . lzIfsaf6 k|fKt tL
a“'bfnfO{ lgaGwsf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .

^= ‘zf/bLo cfsfz’ zLif{sdf a'b“ f tof/ kf/L @)) zAb;Dddf cfTdk/s lgaGw nV] g'xf;] \ .

&= /]vfª\lst zAbnfO{ tn lbOPsf cy;{ u“ hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

c;dfgtf, snf, 3lgi7, ;'dw'/, clgTo

=====!= dnfO{ lgZ5n, lgisk6, kljq, l:gUw dfofsf] ;fu/df rn' {D' d 8a' fPsf 5g\ .

=====@= k"mnsf] ;fG} bo{af6 lzNk rf/] s] L 5' .

=====#= hLjg Ifl0fs 5 o; Ifl0fstfaf6 d ;Gti' 6 5g} .

=====$= d]/L cfdf cfdf dfq xf]Ogg,\ d/] L lgs6td ;l“ ugL klg xg' \ .

=====%= pgsf juL{o Pjd\ n}ª\lus ljifdtfn] /GylgPsf efj rf]/]“ .

*= lgaGw k9L tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ rf]/L :jLsf/ ubf { klg n]vsnfO{ nfh gnfUg'sf] sf/0f s ] xf] <

-v_ nv] s lsg rf]/L ug{ afWo l5g\ <

-u_ nv] sn ] rfg] {] s'/fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

-3_ cfdf / afafaf6 n]vsn ] s ] s] rf]/L ul/g\ <

-ª_ n]vsn ] afnsx¿;u“ lsg ldqtf uf“;s] L 5g \ <

(= ‘d sf] x’“' lgaGwdf lgaGwsf/n] cfkm" nfO{ s;/L lrgfPsL 5g\, j0fg{ ug{'xf];\ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] cgR' 5]bsf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿ ;jg{ fd x'g,\ ltgnfO{ cEof; kl' :tsfdf ;fgx{' f];\ M

d af6fdf lyP“ . af6fdf ;Ldf / :j¿k klg el] 6P . pgLx¿ ahf/ lx“8s] f lyP . ca xfdL
;“u} eof}“ . ahf/df ;Ldfn] cfkm" nfO{ hQf lslgg\ . d rflx“ snd lsGg rfxGy“] . k;ndf ku' /]
:j¿kn] eGof,] æsnd lsGg] eP Tof] /fdf| ] 5 .Æ ævfO] s'g rflx“ xf] <Æ ;Ldfn] ;fl] wg\ . æhg'
/fdf| ] 5 ToxL lsG5Æ' , d}n] eg]“ . ahf/sf lardf sf] sf] e]l6P, s] s] bl] vP kQ} ePg .
sfx] L vf“b} lyP . sg' } sg' } k;ndf le8 lyof] . ætkfOx{“ ¿ el] 6P/ /dfOnf] eof]Æ cGTodf dn} ]
eg]“ . xfdLx¿n] cfh /dfOnf] u¥of}“ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 37

@= kf7sf] klxnf]bl] v t];f| ] cgR' 5]b;Dd k|ofu] ePsf ;j{gfd zAbx¿ l6Kgx' f];\ .

#= d, xfdL, pgL, Tof,] cfk"m, h'g, sg' , s], sf] h:tf ;jg{ fd ko| f]u u/L Pp6f cgR' 5b] /rgf
ug{'xf];\ .

$= tnsf] cg'R5b] af6 b; cf6] f ;j{gfd gbfx] f]¥ofO{ l6Kgx' f;] \ M

d /fd gk] fnL x“' . Zofdf / sdn d]/f ;fyL xg' \ . xfdL ldn]/ k9\5f “} . d cfkm" hftn ] blnt
x '“ . Zofdf /fO{ / sdn afx'g xg' \ . pgLx¿ d;u“ } vfG5g \ . Tof ] blnt, of ] /fO,{ ltdL afxg'
eGg] efj xfdL;“u 5g} . sg' blnt, sg' afxg' eGg ] s'/f ;fdflhs ljeb] xf] . tkfO{d“ f klg
s'g } k|sf/sf ] lje]bsf] efj xg' 'xG' g . hf];s' } eP klg xfdL dflg; xf}“ . kT| os] n] o;/L g} ;f]
r] ;dfhaf6 hftLo lje]b cfkm}“ x/fp“5 .

%= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /]vfª\lst zAbx¿ gfdof]uL x'g\, ltgnfO{ cEof; k'l:tsfdf ;fg'{xf];\ M
s0ff{nLleq hD' nf 5 . w]/ } jif;{ Dd h'Dnfdf uf8L k'u]g . hD' nfeGbf kl5 uf8L kU' g] lhNnf
klg 5g \ . h'Dnfdfly lxdfn 5 . h'Dnfleq ltnf gbL 5 . gbLkfl/ :ofpv]tL 5 . o;kfln
:ofp /fdf| ] kmn]5 . k;' ;Dd kv“b{ f bfd klg cfP5 . Jofkf/L;u“ ls;fgn] k;} f dfu] . k};f;lxt
ku' ]sf Jofkf/L;“u pgLx¿n] k;} fau] / :ofp g } lbPgg\ . dfuc] g;' f/ k};f kfPkl5 pgLx¿n ]
8fs] fel/ :ofp l6k] . 8fs] f;] dt] ;fx'nfO { lbP . Jofkf/L klg ls;fg;u“ bªu\ k/] . pgLx¿n ]
3/dfly;Dd uf8L k¥' ofP . 3/ cufl8af6 :ofp afs] fP . lar ahf/df k¥' ofP . uf8Lleq
:ofp xfnL gk] fnuGh;Dd k'¥ofP/ gfkmf sdfP . ls;fgsf 3/leq klg vl' ;ofnL 5fof ] .

^= lgaGwaf6 b; cf6] f gfdof]uL zAb 5fgL n]Vg'xf];\ .

&= ;u“ , lagf, leq, adf]lhd, afxs] , jfkt, el/, lglDt, ;dt] , bl] v, dfly, lar h:tf gfdof]
uL ko| fu] u/L cfk\mgf af/]df j0f{g ug'x{ f];\ .

*= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 !% cf]6f gfdofu] L zAb gbf]xf¥] ofO{ 5fg/] n]Vg'xf];\ M

/df;“u k':ts 5 . pgL 6]andfly k':ts /flV5g \ . pgsf] 3/ tdf]/kfl/ 5 . pgnfO{
u'?kl| t ljZjf; 5 . Ps lbg pgL u'?sxf“ uOg \ . u?' ;dIf cfkm" n] ghfGg] s'/f ;f]lwg\ .
pgnfO{ hLjgko{Gt gla;g{ ] u/L k9\g ] dg lyof] . To;}n ] k9g\ ;Dd kl9g\ . k':tsleqsf s'/f
;f]lwg \ . cEof;cg';f/sf k|Zg ul/g\ . u?' klg pgsf ] k9fOk|ltsf ] hf“u/;“u kl/lrt xg' e' of ] .
lbgel/ k9fpge' of ] . /dfn ] cfkm\ gf ] ckI] ff k/' f ul/g \ . To;afkt pgL;u“ wGojfb lbge' Gbf a9L
s'/f lyPg . pgn ] u?' af6 :ofaf;L;d]t kfOg\ . laxfg b; ah]b]lv ;f“em kf“r ah;] Dd
kl9g \ . u'?cfdf;“u klg lrghfg ul/g\ . u?' dflysf] e/f];f klg JoSt ul/g\ . u'?cfdfn]
klg pgnfO { 3/dl' g lnP/ hfge' of ] . u?' dfk{mt pgn] slt s/' f l;lsg\ Tof] klg elgg\ . o;
cltl/St pgn ] u?' sL 5f]/LnfO { klg e]l6g \ . cfk"meGbf 7'nL eP klg pgLl;t s'/fsfgL
ul/g\ . kfr“ ahk] l5 pgL 3/ kmlsO{ g \ .

38 gk] fnL M sIff (

(= tnsf /]vfª\lst zAbdWo] ;o+ fh] s / lgkftnfO{ 5'66\ f5'66\ } tflnsfdf n]Vgx' f];\ M

zldn{ f rfw} /L / /fwz] ofbj ;fyL xg' \ . zldn{ f wgL ufp“ tyf /fwz] agL ufps“ f xg' \ . zldn{ f
va' } k9l\ 5g \ lsgeg] pgL /fdf| ] eljio agfpg rfxlG5g \ . æcf Û w/] } k9/] s] kf ] xG' 5 / <Æ
/fw]z eG5g\ . æh] klg x'G5 lgÆ zld{nf elG5g\ . /fw]z laxfg p7\5g\ clg v]Ng
hfG5g\ . zldn{ f klg laxfg } p7\l5g \ t/ v]Ng hfGgg\ . pgL t v]Ngdf Tolt ?lr g } /flVbgg\
k/Gt' Psl5g af/Ldf rflx“ 8l' N5g \ . /fwz] yf/] } k95\ g \ t}klg k/LIffdf /fdf| ] u5{g \ . æk9\g
klg k5{ vN] g' klg k5Æ{ pgL eG5g\ . Ps lbg zld{nfn] elgg\ ænf} t ltdL gk9 .Æ æv} ltdL
t o;f] kf ] eGg yfNof}Æ /fw]zn ] eGof ] . æn d ls ky| d x'G5 ' ls låtLo cyjf klxnf ] jf bf];|f]
eP/} 5f85\ 'Æ p;n] yKof] . æklxnf] cyjf bf];f| ] g} t ;a } s/' f xfO] g, d'Vo s'/f t k9\g' xf ]
/], ;/n] egs] fÆ] zldn{ fn] elgg \ . To;kl5 /fwz] klg dg nufP/ k9g\ yfNof] .

!)= kf7sf] rf}yf] cgR' 5]baf6 kf“r cf6] f ;o+ f]hs / rf/ cf6] f lgkft l6Kgx' f;] \ .

!!= /, jf, clg, klg, lsgls, t/, lsGt' h:tf ;+of]hs ko| f]u u/L cfkm\ gf] sIffsf7] fsf] j0fg{
ugx'{ f;] \ .

!@= g, lg, x,} /], t, kf], ls, nf,} v} h:tf lgkft k|ofu] u/L cfkm\ gf] ldNg] ;fyLsf] j0fg{
ug{x' f;] \ .

kl/ofh] gf sfo{

-s_ ‘gk] fndf hn;f| t] sf ] pkofu] ’ zLifs{ sf ;fduL| vfh] L d'Vo d'Vo a'“bf lgdf0{ f ugx{' f;] \ . tL a“b' f
lzIfsnfO { b]vfO { pSt zLifs{ df Pp6f lgaGw tof/ kfg'x{ f];\ .

-v_ sIffsf ;a} ljBfyL{sf] rf/ cf]6f ;d"x lgdf{0f ug'{xf];\ . klxnf] ;d"xn] ;j{gfd, bf];|f ]
;d"xn] gfdof]uL, t];f| ] ;dx" n ] ;o+ fh] s / rfy} f] ;dx" n] lgkft zAbsf] ;r" L tof/ kfgx'{ f;] \ .
tL ;"rLdWo ] ;dx" sf ;fyLx¿n ] lglZrt zAb af“8g\ x' f;] \ / ltgnfO{ ko| f]u u/L Pp6f Pp6f
cgR' 5]b tof/ kf/L sIffdf 6f:“ g'xf]; \ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 39

kf7 % dfgj a]rlavg lj?4 xfdf| ] bfloTj

-cfh cfhfb dfWolds ljBfno -dflj_ ag]kfdf jStT[ j k|ltof]lutf 5 . k|ltofl] utfdf sIff (
df cWoog/t rf/ hgf ljBfyL{x¿n] efu lnPsf 5g\ . ljBfnosf k|wfgfWofks ldng rk] fªn]
k|ltofl] utfsf] cWoIftf uge{' Psf] 5 . k|d'v cltlysf cf;gdf ljBfno Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf
hgs >i] 7 x'g'x'G5 . ;do ;r]tsdf sIff ( sL ljBfyL{ k|ldnf z/] rg /xge' Psf] 5 . lg0ffo{ s
d08ndf gk] fnL, ;fdflhs / cªu\ h]| L ljifosf tLg hgf lzIfs /xge' Psf] 5 . lzIfs / ljBfyLx{ ¿sf]
pNnv] gLo pkl:ylt 5 . sIff ( sf ljBfyL{ ;d' g ldhf/ pb3\ fi] f0f ub{} xg' x' G' 5 ._

!= pb3\ fi] fs M ;jk{ y| d o; jStT[ jsnf kl| tofl] utfdf pkl:yt ;an} fO{ xflbs{ :jfut u5'{ . o;kl5
cWoIfHos" f] cg'dltn] d cfhsf] sfoj{ m| dnfO{ cufl8 a9fp“5' . cfhsf] jStT[ jsnfsf] ljifo
5, ‘dfgj a]rlavg lj?4 xfd|f] bfloTj’ . k|ltofl] utfdf jStfx¿n] kfng ugk'{ g]{ lgodx¿
o; k|sf/sf 5g\ M

zAbfy{ g]kfnL M sIff (
bfloTj M st{Jo
jStf M afN] g] dfG5]

40

-s_ x/s] jStfnfO{ kfr“ ldg6] sf] ;do lbOg] 5 . rf/ ldg]6df hgfp 3G6L aHg] 5 .
clGtd 3G6Lkl5 jStfn] cfkm\gf] egfO /fS] g'kg{] 5 .

-v_ ;dfh / /fi6« lj/fw] L efjgf km}nfpg] / JolStut cfIf]k nfUg] lsl;dsf ljrf/x¿
k|:tt' ug{ kfOg] 5g} .

-u_ sg' } klg k|sf/sf lnlvt ;fduL| ko| f]u ug{ kfOg] 5}g .

-3_ lg0ffo{ s d08nsf] lg0fo{ clGtd x'g] 5 .

ca d d]/f ldq df]xDdb cfndnfO{ cfkm\gf] dGtJo /fVgsf nflu cfdGq0f ub{5' .

@= ;efWoIf dxfb] o, kd| 'v cltlyHo", lg0ffo{ s d08n, u'?ju{ tyf d]/f Kof/f ;fyLx¿ ¤

#= cfhsf] jStT[ j k|ltofl] utfsf] ljifo ‘dfgj a]rlavg lj?4 xfdf| ] bfloTj’ xf] . o; ljifodf
cfk\mgf ljrf/x¿ /fVg kfp“bf d}n] cfkm" nfO{ wGo 7fg]sf] 5' .

$= dfgj a]rlavg cfhsf] ;dfhsf] hLjGt ;d:of xf] . To;f] eP dfgj ar] lavg egs] f] s] xf]
t < dfgj a]rlavg eg]sf] s'g} klg p2Z] on] dflg;nfO{ aR] g] jf lsGg] sfd xf] . dlxnfx¿nfO{
bx] Jofkf/ u/fpg,' afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ >ddf nufpg,' 3/fo;L bf; agfpg,' sfgg' ljk/Lt dfgj
cª\ukT| oª\u lsga]r ug'{ h:tf ultljlwx¿ o;cGtut{ k5{g\ . dfgj clwsf/ pNnª3\ gsf
o; lsl;dsf lgsi[ 6 sfo{x¿ ljZjd} hl6n tyf ;+j]bgzLn ¿kdf a9b\ } cfPsf 5g\ .

%= ;efWoIf dxfb] o, x/s] jif{ nfvf“} dflg;x¿ sg' } g s'g} ¿kdf lsgar] ePsf tYofª\sx¿
;fj{hlgs x'g] u/]sf 5g\ . al] rg]x¿df dlxnf tyf afnaflnsfx¿ a9L dfqfdf 5g\ .
o;}u/L o'jfx¿nfO{ w]/} sdfpg] kn| fe] gdf cGo bz] x¿df ;ª\ul7t ¿kdf k7fpg] sfo{
eO/x]sf] 5 . dfgj ;dfhsf nflu o;eGbf a9L snªs\ s] x'g ;S5 / <

^= gk] fndf /f]huf/Lsf] Go"g cj;/, c1fgtf, cfly{s ljkGgtf, eb] efjk0" f{ ;fdflhs ;+/rgf
cflbsf sf/0f dflg;x¿ a]rlavgsf] rk6] fdf k/s] f 5g\ . dfgj t:s/x¿n] l;wf;fbf
dflg;x¿nfO{ cgs] f“} k|nf]eg / em' 7f cfZjf;gx¿ af“8\g] u5g{ \ . sltko dlxnfx¿ agfj6L
dfofhfndf cyjf gSsnL ljjfxsf] k|k~rdf km:g kU' 5g\ / a]lrG5g\ . o;/L al] rg ku' ]sf
dflg;x¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s /f]usf l;sf/ x'G5g\ . 3/ kms{]kl5 klg
pgLx¿n] kl/jf/ tyf ;dfhaf6 lt/:s[t x'g'k5{ .

zAbfy{

bx] Jofkf/ M z/L/sf] Jofkf/, ofg} Joj;fo
pNnª3\ g M gf£g] sfd
k|nf]eg M a9L nf]e, a9L nfnr
t:s/ M cj}w sfd ug]{ JolSt
kk| ~r M hfnem] n
lt/:st[ M ckxl] nt

g]kfnL M sIff ( 41

&= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, dfgj ar] lavgsf ;d:ofaf6 s;/L dl' St kfpg ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf ;an} ]
Wofg lbg cfjZos 5 . o; lsl;dsf] h3Go ck/fwnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ kl/jf/bl] v ;fdflhs
;ª3\ ;+:yf, :yfgLo lgsfo / ;/sf/;Ddsf] ;fy / ;xofu] cfjZos k5{ . dfgj ar] lavgsf
af/]df ;a}nfO{ ;rt] u/fpg cfjZos 5 . o;sf nflu nlIft ;db' fo;Dd /fh] uf/Ld"ns
lzIffsf cj;/x¿ / ul/aL lgjf/0fsf sfo{j|mdx¿sf] Joj:yf ul/g'k5{ . dfgj ar] lavgsf
lj?4 nfUg] JolStx¿nfO{ ;dfh tyf /fHon] k|fT] ;fxg lbg'k5{ . dfgj t:s/x¿nfO{ ;fdflhs
alxisf/ / s8f ;hfosf] Joj:yf ul/gk' 5{ .

-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

*= cGTodf, d olt dfq eG5', a]rlavgaf6 kLl8t ePsfx¿sf] pkoS' t kg' :yfk{ gfsf sfoj{ |md
;~rfng ug'k{ b5{ . dfgj a]rlavgsf lj?4 ;a} Psh'6 x'g ;sd] f dfq o;nfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf
lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] d]/f] lgisif{ 5 . d/] f ljrf/x¿ w}o{kj" s{ ;l' glbge' Psfdf xflbs{
st[ 1tf hfx]/ ub}{ cfkmg\ f] egfOnfO{ oxL“ la6 df5{' . wGojfb ¤

-clGtd 3G6L aH5 ._

(= pb3\ f]ifs M cfkmg\ f dxŒjk"0f{ ljrf/ /flvlbg'ePsfdf ;fyL df]xDdb cfndnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb
lbG5' . ca csf{ jStf cofW] of kf8} n] nfO{ cfkmg\ f cledtx¿ /fVg' cfdGq0f u5{' .

!)= ;efWoIfHo", kd| v' cltlyHo," lg0ffo{ s d08n, u'?ju{ Pjd\ ;fyLx¿ ¤

!!= ‘dfgj ar] lavglj?4 xfd|f] bfloTj’ zLif{sdf wf/0ffx¿ /fVg kfpb“ f dnfO{ cToGt v;' L
nfu]sf] 5 .

!@= dfgj a]rlavg s:tf] ck/fw xf] / of] s;/L a9b\ } uO/x]sf] 5 eGg] ljifodf k"jj{ Stf ldqn]
ks| fz kfl/;Sg'ePsf] 5 . o; ljifodf d w/] } rrf{ ug{ rfxGg“ . d cGo sx] L dxŒjk"0f{
kIfdf k|sfz kfg]{ ko| f; u5'{ . dfgj ar] lavgsf] ahf/n] dflg;x¿nfO{ dfn ;fdfgsf ¿kdf
x5] { . o;n] ljleGg b/ tyf d"Nodf dflg;x¿sf] a]rlavg u5{ . o; lsl;dsf ck/fwx¿
ljzi] f u/L cljsl;t tyf cNk ljsl;t b]zdf a9L xg' ] u/]sf 5g\ .

!#= cfh xfdL PSsfO;f“} ztfAbLdf 5f“} . gk] fndf Ps ;o jifc{ l3 g} bf; ky| f pGd"ng ePsf]
lyof] . ;+o'St /fi6« ;ª\3sf] :yfkgf;“u} ;+;f/af6 bf; k|yf k"0f{ ¿kdf pGd"ng ug]{
3fi] f0ff ePsf] xf] . xfdL eg] nfrf/ eP/ dflg;nfO{ dflg;n] g} kzn' fO{ em“} lajm| L ljt/0f
ug]{ cdfgjLo lj|mofsnfk 6'n'6n' ' xg] { ljjz 5f“} . cfh k/' fg} bf;ky| f gof“ 9ª\un] ljsl;t x“'bf]

zAbfy{

h3Go M cToGt g/fd|f], c¿nfO{ 3ft ug]{
k'g:yf{kgf M km] l/ Joj:yfkg ug{] sfd
pGd"ng M h/;} “u x6fpg] sfd

42 g]kfnL M sIff (

5 . dfgj ar] lavg / cf;] f/k;f/ Ps lsl;dsf] cfw'lgs bf; k|yf g} xf] . of] dfgj hflts}
nflu cToGt b'vb\ s'/f xf] .

!$= gk] fndf dfgj ar] lavg jZ] ofjl[ Qdf nufpg], >d zfi] f0f ug,{] dhb/' agfpg] / dfgj
cªu\ sf] ar] lavg ug]{ sfo{df dfq ;Lldt 5}g . nfu' cf}ifwsf] Jofkf/ ug{, cZnLn rnlrqdf
sfd ug{ / ;s;{ df sfd ugs{ f nflu klg gk] fnLx¿ a]lrPsf 5g\ . of] ;d:of la:tf/} hl6n
/ ljs/fn xb“' } uPsf] 5 . of] tkfO{“ xfdL ;a}sf nflu r'gf}tL xf] .

!%= d/] f ljrf/df dflg;x¿ al] rg', 7lug' / larNnLdf kg'{ t cfhsf] ;d:of xb'“ } xf] . To:tf
JolStx¿sf] efjL hLjg g} hf]lvddf kg'{ cem bb{gfs ;d:of xf] . ltgLx¿af6 cg]s k|f0f
3fts /fu] x¿ kmn} g' / ;dfhdf cg]s ljsl[ t / lj;ªu\ lt a9b\ } hfg' csf]{ ljifd kl/l:ylt
xf] . ltgLx¿ ljleGg vfn] dfgl;s / zf/Ll/s /f]un] u:| t ePsf pbfx/0f 5g\ . ;dfhdf
PrcfOeL P8\;sf] ;ª\jm| d0fsf] dn" sf/0f klg oxL dfgj ar] lavg / cf];f/k;f/ g} xf] .
sltko kLl8tx¿ t ;dfhaf6 alxist[ ;d]t 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] kg' :yf{kgfsf] Joj:yf klg
cToGt sdhf/] bl] vG5 .

!^= ;efWoIf dxf]bo, d]/f ljrf/df o; ;d:ofsf] d'Vo sf/s r]tgfsf] sdL, ul/aL /
a]/fh] uf/L g} xf] . sfgg' sfofG{ jogdf lkmtnfk] gf, e|i6frf/, vn' f ;Ldf cflb g} gk] fndf o;
lsl;dsf] Joj;fo km:6fp“b} hfgs' f sf/0fx¿ xg' \ . To;}u/L j}bl] zs /f]huf/Lkl| tsf] df]x,
/fhgLlts cl:y/tf / cj;/sf] vf]hLdf ;x/ k:g] k|j[lQn] ubf{ g]kfndf o:tf vfnsf
ck/fw dfn} fp“b} uPsf] kfOG5 .

!&= ;efWoIf dxfb] o, dfgj ar] lavg / cf;] f/k;f/ eLif0f jf h3Go ck/fw xf] . o;sf] lgoGq0fsf
yk' |} k|of;x¿ klg ePsf 5g\ . so} f“} ck/fwL k|x/Lsf] sf/jfxLdf k/s] f 5g\ . kLl8tsf kIfdf
Gofofnoaf6 lg;fkm klg gePsf xf]Ogg\ . o;sf lj?4 ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3nufot /fli6o« tyf
cGt/f{li6o« ;ª3\ ;+:yfx¿ hfu?s ePsf 5g\ . olt xb'“ fxb'“ } klg of] ;d:of a9b\ f] 5 . To;n} ]
pSt ;d:ofsf] k0" f{ ;dfwfgsf nflu yk ;+j]bgzLntf, ufDeLo{ / kl| ta4tfsf] vfr“ f] b]lvG5 .

-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

zAbfy{ 43
cZnLn M 5f8f
hfl] vd M vt/f
bbg{ fs M b'Mvk"0f{
ck/fw M ug{ gxg' ] sfd, s;}sf] gfS] ;fgL xg' ] sfd
ufDeLo{ M ulx/fO, uxgtf
kl| ta4tf M c7f6] , kl| t1f

g]kfnL M sIff (

!*= xfdf| zl} Ifs kf7o\ jm| dx¿n] Jofj;flos / /fh] uf/dn" s kf7o\ jm| dnfO{ hf8] lbgk' 5{ . ;/sf/n] klg
/fh] uf/L lbg] sfoj{ m| dx¿sf] thd'{ f ugk'{ 5{ . xfdL ljBfyLx{ ¿af6 klg ;rt] gfsf sfoj{ |mdnfO{
cufl8 a9fpgk' 5{ . ul/aL lgjf/0fsf af/]df :yfgLo lgsfobl] v dflyNnf] tx;Dd ;j+ ]bgzLn
x'g'k5{ . u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yfx¿nfO{ ;rt] gf km}nfpg] sfdsf] lhDd]jf/L lbg'k5{ . o;f] ug{ ;lsof]
eg] o; ck/fwnfO{ k"0f{ ¿kdf lgoGq0f ug{ kSs} ;lsG5 . olt eGb} d cfkmg\ f] egfOnfO{
k0" fl{ j/fd lbG5' .

!(= pb3\ f]ifs M ca ;fyL dgfh] tfdfªnfO{ o;} ljifodf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ /flvlbgsf nflu xflb{s
cg/' fw] ub5{ ' .

@)= ;efWoIf dxfb] o, k|d'v cltlyHo", lg0ffo{ s d08n, cfb/0fLo u'?ju{, k|ltofu] L tyf cGo
d]/f ;fyLx¿ ¤

@!= o; jSt[tf k|ltof]lutfdf efu lng kfpb“ f v';L nfu]sf] 5 . d dfgj a]rlavg / ltgsf]
lg/fs/0fsf ;DaGwdf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ JoSt u5'{ .

@@= cfh, ljjs] zLn dflgPsf] dfgj kf| 0fL kz';/x laj|mL ljt/0f xb'“ f] 5 . o;eGbf a9L be' f{Uok0" f{
s/' f s] x'g ;S5 / ¤ o:tf] l:yltsf] l;hg{ fn] xfdf| ] ;dfh a9L ef]StfjfbL xb“' } uPsf] 5 .
k;} fdv' L kj| l[ Q / gl} tstfsf] xf| ;n] klg dfG5n] ] dfG5n] fO{ al] r/xs] f] l:ylt 5 . clzIff, ul/aL,
a/] f]huf/L / o'4sf] ke| fjn] klg dfgj ar] lavg a9\bf] 5 . ;DkGg / ljkGg /fi6«sf larsf
dflg;x¿sf] hLjg:t/df ePsf] leGgtf klg o; lsl;dsf] ;d:ofsf] sf/s xf] .

@#= xfd|f] b]z g]kfndf ljz]if u/L ufp“af6 ;x/lt/ dflg;x¿sf] k/f]If Jofkf/ x'g] u/]sf]
kfOG5 . jb} l] zs /fh] uf/sf gfddf sfgg' sf cfv“ f 5n/] g]kfnaf6 kz| :t dflg;x¿ al] rPsf
5g\ . o;/L al] rPsfx¿nfO{ j]Zofj[lQ, ;s;{ , 3/fo;L sfdbf/, pBf]udf >lds / vfgLdf
dhb/' sf ¿kdf sfddf nufpg] u/s] f] kfOG5 . a]rlavgdf k/s] f sltko dflg;x¿sf]
ldufn{} fnufotsf cª\ux¿ a]Rg] u/s] f tYox¿ klg xfdf| ;fd'Gg] g} 5g\ .

-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._

zAbfy{
lgjf/0f M x6fpg] sfd
;rt] gf M rt] gf;lxt
efS] tfjfbL M vfglkg, efu] ljnf; / df]hd:tLdf /dfpg'k5{ eGg] dfGotf ePsf]

44 g]kfnL M sIff (

@$= sg' } klg ;d:ofn] ;dfwfg cfkm}“ afs] ]/ cfPsf] xG' 5 elgG5 . To:t} dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of
klg sg' } kf| s[lts ;d:of xf]Og . of] lgtfGt dfgj ;dfhaf6 l;lh{t ;d:of xf] . To;n} ]
o;sf] ;dfwfg klg xfdL ;a} tx / tKsfsf dflg;n] g} ldn/] ug{'k5{ . o;sf nflu /fHosf
;o+ GqnfO{ ;zSt agfOg'k5{ . lzIff / rt] gfsf nx/x¿ xfdf| x/s] a:tL a:tLdf kU' g'k5{ .
ljBfyL{x¿ klg rt] gf lj:tf/sf ;j+ fxsx¿ xg' \ . o;}n] o; lsl;dsf] lgsi[ 6 / dfgjtfxLg
sfo{sf lj?4 ;lj|mo x'g ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyL{nfO{ cfx\jfg u5'{ . wGojfb ¤

@%= pb3\ f]ifs M ca cfhsf] kl| tof]lutfsf clGtd jStfsf ¿kdf cfkm\gf ljrf/x¿ /flvlbgsf
nflu ;fyL /dfnfO{ cg'/f]w u5'{ .

@^= o; ul/dfdo ;efsf ;efWoIf dxfb] o, kd| v' cltlyHo," lg0ff{os d08n, cfb/0fLo u'?ju{ tyf
;fyLx¿ ¤

@&= ;jk{ y| d dn} ] o; jStt[ f kl| tofl] utfdf efu lng] cj;/ kfPsfdf cfof]hskl| t xflb{s cfef/
JoSt ub{5' . k"j{jStf ;fyLx¿n] dfgj a]rlavg tyf cf];f/k;f/ sfo{sf ;DaGwdf
cfkmg\ f ljrf/x¿ /flv;Sg'ePsf] 5 . d eg] dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/sf] Jofkf/n]
g]kfn / ljZj kl/jz] df kf/s] f] k|efjtkm{ ;a}sf] Wofg s]lGbt| u/fpg rfxG5' .

@*= dfgj ar] lavgsf] bfo/f jf If]qsf cfwf/df xb] f{ o;sf b'O{ cf]6f k|sf/ 5g,\ bz] leq} ul/g]
ar] lavg / Ps bz] af6 / csf{] bz] df xg' ] Jofkf/ . lxhfc] fh t /fHon] sfdbf/ k7fpg kl| taGw
nufPsf d'n'sx¿df klg sfgg' sf] cfv“ f 5n]/ / cs}{ b]zsf] af6f] agfP/ klg dflg;x¿sf]
ar] lavg eO/x]sf] 5 . o;tkm{ klg ;a}sf] Wofg hfg cfjZos 5 .

@(= dfgj ar] lavg h:tf] ljj]sxLg sfo{ lsg x'G5 / s;/L ul/G5 t < o; k];fnfO{ dnhn
ug{] sfd ljz]if u/L k};f / kbsf] b?' kof]u ug{]x¿n] g} a9L dfqfdf u/]sf] b]lvG5 . cfkm\g}
lrghfg / gftfuf]tfs} dfG5]af6 klg ljZjf;3ft u/L o; lsl;dsf] ck/fw ub}{ cfPsf] klg
kfOG5 . ;du|df eGg] xf] eg] cfly{s nfesf nflu ¥ofn rx' fpgx] ¿n] g} o; lsl;dsf
cdfgjLo sfo{ u/]sf 5g\ .

#)= ;efWoIfHo", dfgj a]rlavg / cf];f/k;f/ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgsf nflu s]xL ;'emfj
/fVg rfxG5' . o; ck/fwnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;j{k|yd sfgg' L k|fjwfg alnof] agfpgk' 5{ /
ePsf] sfg'gsf] plrt sfof{Gjog x'g'kb5{ . To;n} ] jtd{ fg sfgg' df /xs] f sdhf/] L ;w' f/

zAbfy{
;j+ fxs M /fd|/L jxg ug{], /fdf| ] g]tT[ jstf{
lgsi[ 6 M tR' 5, gLr
kl/jz] M 7fp“, ;do / jftfj/0f
ljZjf;3ft M ljZjf; eª\u ug{] sfd

gk] fnL M sIff ( 45