Nepali Book Class 9

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sfofn{ odf nV] g] kq tof/ kfgx{' f;] \ .

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@= rf]cfnfn Ps;6\7L jif{df
ljw/' eP . kTgL cgs] f“} /fu] af6 kLl8t lyOg\ . bd, pRr /Strfk, d6' s' f] Joyf cgs] y/L ¤
an] d} f /fd/| L pkrf/ u/fPsf] eP lgbfg x'g ;SYof] . t/ pkrf/ x'g ;sg] . Oi6ldq,
ze' R] 5's, 5/l5d]s, gftb] f/ ;a}n] ;DemfP, æof] OZ{ j/sf] OR5f xf] . of] d[Tos' f] lgod xf] .
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ax' f/L, gflt gfltgfn] 3/ el/e/fp 5 .Æ df:6/n] lrQ ae' mfpg vf]h] t/ pgsf] lrQ a'e]mg .

#= a'9Lsf] dt[ z/L/ hnfpg] ;do laTb} lyof] . sfG5f] stf n8]sf] lyof], yfx} ePg . cGTodf a'9f
:jodn\ ] >LdtLsf] lsl/of u/] . lsl/ofkq' Lsf] :ofxf/bl] v z4' zflGt;Dd ul/g] ;a} Joj:yfkgsf]
lhDdf df:6/sf lk|o lziox¿n] lnPsf lyP .

$= cfdf d/]sf] ;dfrf/ ;g' ]/ h]7f] 8f= ;"og{ fy a]nfotaf6 ;kl/jf/ cfof] . dflxnf] OlGhlgo/
rGbg| fy klg cfOk'Uof] . sfG5f tf/fgfy 7s] ]bf/ xf,] 3/} a:Yof] .

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%= a'9fsf] leqL dgdf dxfkfqnfO{ /fd|f];“u k~rbfg sd{ u/f}“ eGg] lyof] . pgn] 5f]/fx¿sf cufl8
o:tf] ljrf/ k|s6 u/] . 5f]/fx¿nfO{ af]nfP/ eg], æltdLx¿sf nflu cfdfn] cfÇgf ;a} ;v'
ToflulbOg\ . pg} cfdfsf] cfzLjf{bn] ltdLx¿ 7'N7n' f kbdf 5f} . pgsf] dT[ o'kl5sf] sfd
ldn]/ u¥of} eg] cfzLjfb{ kfp“5f,} afa' .Æ lbgsf] rf/k6s 5f/] fax' f/L ;lDdlnt uf]i7L u/] .
pgLx¿df v:ofsv;' s' rNg yfNof,] sdfP/ a9' fn] s] u/] < d/]sL a9' Lsf nflu sf7sf] knª
dfq lsg < ;g' s} knª, ;g' sf uxgf, ;'gsf h'Qf, 5ftf ;a} bfg u¿g\ . a9' fsf sfgdf klg
o:tf zAb ky]{ t/ pgL lghLj{ ag]/ sz' f;gdf al;/xGy] . nfrf/ eO{ 5f]/f a'xf/Llt/ ofrs
efjn] xy] {] . cflv/df l:6nsf Ps bO' { yfn, lunf;, ;:tf] 5ftf / tGgfeGbf bfgsf nflu
s]xL cfPg . afr“ 'Ghn] ;Dd t /fdf| ] pkrf/ / x]/rfx gkfPsf] eGb} bfgsf nflu h] ;fdfg
cfP, To;df klg a'9fn] lrQ ae' mfP .

^= PsfbzLeGbf Ps lbg klxn] a'9fn] kml] / 5f]/fx¿nfO{ af]nfpg] lxDdt u/], æafa'x¿ ¤ d]/f]
;~ro sf]ifdf ltg nfv /sd hDdf lyof] . gfltx¿sf] d'08g, jtd{ fgdf b'O{ nfv vr{ u/]“ .
Ps nfv hlt a}ªs\ df hDdf xfn] f . r]saf6 eS' tfgL Nofpg" / cfdfsf] >f4 /fdf| ];u“ ;DkGg
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&= a9' fsf] o; s/' faf6 ;an} ] /fxtsf] cge' j u/] . geO{ gxg' ] sd{df sx] L k;} f nufpg] / af“sL
k};fn] cfcfk\mgf sfdsf nflu 56' l\ 6g'eGbf cl3Nnf] /ft ef]h ug]{ lg0f{o u/] .

*= z4' zflGtsf lbg a9' fn] 5f]/fx¿nfO{ eg], æca t d PSnf] eP“ . ltdLx¿sL cfdfn] dnfO{
6x' /' f] kf/]/ uOg\ . ca d/] f af/d] f s]xL ;fr] ]sf 5f} <Æ k|Zgn] ;a} :tAw eP . bfloTjsf] u'?tf
af]wn] xfO] g, c;dosf] /fun] . h7] fn] dfg} eª\u u¥of,] æof] eg]sf] s] lg, af <Æ

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l/g klg afs“ L 5 .Æ

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h] cGofo u/,] dn} fO{ yfxf 5 .Æ uf“hfsf] ;'/df sfG5f] a/a/fof] .

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klg wfw} f} k/s] f] h:tf aofg ubf{ub{} sfG5f] yrSs a:of] . 6fpsfdf xft /fv/] ?g yfNof] .

!$= a'9L cfdf af“rG' hn] k/bz] L 5f/] fx¿n] pgsf] cj:yfaf/] ;f]Wg] km;' t{ kfPgg\ . cfjZostf
7fg]gg\ . pgnfO{ s;n} ] lg:tf] eft;Dd klg c3fpGh]n vfg lbPg . sdhf/] x'b“ fxb“' } a9' L
ynf kl/g\ . df]ltoflaGbn' ] ubf{ b]Vg g;Stf /ftL a'xf/LnfO{ af]nfp“lyg\ . ax' f/L Psl5g
t lgbfPsf] :jfª kf/L 6fg{ vfH] yL, km]l/ ;/fKt} kmtkmtfp“b} p7y\ L, lghL{j 9ª' u\ fnfO{ prfn]
e“}m prfNyL . gfs yg' /] zf}rfno;Dd nfGyL / kml] / cf]5o\ fgdf yrf//] kmlsG{ yL . a9' fn] ;a}
s'/f ;De]m .

!%= cfh z'4zflGtsf] efh] 5 . efh] ;?' eO;s]sf] 5 . af;dtL rfdnsf] eft, /x/sf] bfn,
l3p kfk8, tLnsf] crf/, ltqLsf] r6gL, tLg rf/ lsl;dsf t/sf/L, ksf8} f, bxL cflb ;a}
Jo~hgsf ;u' Gw xfjfdf k}mlnPsf 5g\ . gftfuft] fsf dflg;x¿n] 3/ el/Psf] lyof] . ;fgf
s6] fs]6Lbl] v ;a} cfcfÇgf lsl;dn] /dfO/xs] f lyP .

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eg] . dflxnf] 5f]/f] of] xb] }{ lyof] . dflxnfn] xsf//] af]Nof], æof] s] uge{' Psf] af < Psl5g
tkfO“{ ef]s ;x/] a:g ;Sgx' 'Gg < lgDtf?x¿n] vfg} vfPsf 5}gg\, oxf“ tkfOs“{ f cft“ df Hjfnf
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!&= a9' fn] eg], æxf] afa' ¤ aRrf 5“bf Psl5g b'w vfg gkfP/ t“ ?b“ f, d]/f] d'6' lrl/GYof] . cfh
dn} ] d'v kmf/] /] vfg dfu“] . t]/f] OHht} uof] . d a:5' af, ;x]/ a:g ;S5' .Æ

!*= sf]7f aflx/ cfu“ gsf kfx'gfx¿;“u c66\ xf; u/]sf] ;g' /] a'9fsf] dg k]ml/ lrl/of] . logLx¿nfO{
cfdf d/s] fdf s]xL k5t' f] 5g} . dfgf“} cfdfsf] d[To' xf]Og, 5f/] fsf] hGd ePsf] 5 . a'9fsf]
;;+ f/ c“Wof/f] eof] . pgnfO{ efh] vfgx] ¿;u“ klg l/; p7\g yfNof] .

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eJo cfof]hgf s;/L u/s] f xf]nfg\ < dfq Ps nfvn] t k'ug] xfn] f . pgsf] jfT;No
km] l/ 5rlNsGYof] . kl5 yfxf eof] – o; cfof]hgfsf] yk vr{ pgs} f kj" { lziox¿n] u/]sf
/x]5g\ .

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g]kfnL M sIff (

@)= sfd ;lsof] . ;a} cfcfÇgf sfddf kmlsP{ . 8fS6/ a]nfotlt/ nfUof] . OlGhlgo/ OGbf/}
kmSof]{ . u“h8L sfG5f] cfÇg} k'/fg} /ªu\ 9ªu\ df d:t lyof] .

@!= df:6/ rf]cfnfn PSnf] eP . o:tf] PSnfk] gsf] cge' "lt pgnfO{ cfdf laTbf klg ePsf]
lyPg . df:6/ cffÇgf] sf]7fdf ls t Gofl;b|“ } wd' w'DtL a;s] f xG' y], ls t ef]s vKg g;sL 3f]K6f]
k/L ;'lt/x]sf x'Gy] . ltvf{n] 3f6“ L ;'Sbf klg efG;f sf7] fdf uO{ kfgL vfg] klg lxDdt
x'b“ g} Yof] . laxfgsf] lgTo sd{ ;lsPkl5 hjfgLsf lbgdf >LdtLn] Nofpg] u/s] f] tfQftf] lrof
;DemL cf“;' emfy{] . pgnfO{ slxn] Hj/f] cfPsf] xG' Yof,] slxn] 9f8 t slxn] 6fpsf] b'vs] f]
xG' Yof] .

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hgf bfh'efOsf] klg ePsf x'gfn] afan' ] cfhs{] f] ;DklQdf dfq xf]Og, afas' f] :ofxf/;';f/
ug{] ;dodf klg efuaG8f nufpg] k:| tfj sfG5fn] /fVof] . of] k:| tfj ;'Ggf;fy cfkm" x¿
6/' df aflx/ hfg'kg]{ lgx'“ u/L efl] nkN6} dflxnfn] ;kl/jf/ sn' ]nd 7fS] of] . rf]cfnfnnfO{ ;a
yfxf eof] . pgn] sfG5fnffO{ afn] fP/ cfk"mnfO{ sg' } j[4f>ddf nlulbg cg'/fw] u/] t/ p;n]
jf:tf g} u/]g .

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lbOGYof] . a'xf/Lsf] egfO lyof] – a9' fn] w/] } vfP eg] ckfRo eO{ nQfsk8f, tGgf, tlsof
kmfx] f/] kfg{ ;S5g\ . a9' f >LdtLsf] kmf6] f] cufl8 xft hf/] /] pleGy] / cfkm\ gf] dgsf] ax
kfV] y] . Ps lbg yk vfgf dfUbf 5f/] fn] ckT| oflzt ¿kdf pgsf] ufnfdf Ps r8s\ g ahfOlbof] .

@$= To; /ft a'9fn] cfk\mgf] aunL 5fd] . aunLdf >LdtLsf] clGtd lg;fgL lyof] ;'gsf]
lz/k"mn . o; uxgfn] b'j}sf] ljjfxsf] ;'dw'/ :d[lt cfkm"leq hf]ufPsf] lyof] . a'9fn]
la:tf/} uxgf lgsfn]/ w]/} a/] ;Dd cf]N6fO{ kN6fO{ x]/] .

@%= Psflaxfg} ;sL g;sL lx“8]/ a'9f /fhdfu{sf] 5]pdf cfP/ pleP . a; cfof], r9] .
sG8S6/n] k;} f dfUof] . rfln; jif{ k/' fgf] gf/L 38L km'sfn/] lbP . sG8S6/ Psl5g csdSs
k¥of] . kml] / bªu\ kb{} cufl8 a9o\ f] . gf/fo0f3f6 cfO{ sg' } an] f >LdtLn] /fVg lbPsf]
ToxL lz/k"mn ar] ] . Toxfa“ f6 pgL l;w} bj] 3f6 uP/ ;Gof; j/0f u/] / ;Gof;L kl/wfg ux| 0f u/] .

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ax M dgsf] lk/
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xfdf]{lgod ahfO{ ld7f] :j/df ehg ufO/x]sf lyof] . pgsf] dw'/ :j/ / ehgsf
xb[ o:kzL{ zAbx¿n] d ;Ddfl] xt eP“ . jl/kl/ jT[ tfsf/ a;]sf pgsf lziox¿sf] hdft
lyof] . yfxf kfP“ – pgL Toxf“ dw/' fgGbsf] gfpn“ ] k|l;4 /x]5g\ . kj| rg u5{g,\ ehg
/R5g\ / ufp“5g\ . dnfO{ bv] ]/ pgn] dnfO{ ghfg] ;ª\s]t u/] / ;a} uO;s]kl5 d}n]
xfnva/ ;f]Wbf pgsf] eg], æefO, d vx/]n] aufP/ NofO{ au/df kmflnPsf] au|]7f]
lyP“ . ltdLnfO{ bv] ]/ dn} ] cfÇgf] hGd:yfg ;De“m] . ltdLn] oxf“ b]v]sf ;a} eSt d]/f ;Gtfg
x'g\ . ltdLn] x[bodf c6fpg ;Sg] hlt ltd|f cfkmGt x'g\ . ;+;f/nfO{ dfof n'6fpm, ;+;f/ ltd}|
xf,] o; ;Tosf] afw] dnfO{ oxL“ cfP/ eof] . ca d of] ;;+ f/sf] aGwgaf6 dS' t ePsf] 5' .Æ

cEof;

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-s_ df:6/ rf]cfnfn PsfpGg jif{df ljw'/ eP .

-v_ pgsL >LdtL pRr /Strfksf] /fu] af6 kLl8t lyOg\ .

-u_ rf]cfnfnsf bO' { hgf 5f/] fx¿ lyP .

-3_ >LdtLsf] dT[ od' f ;a}h;f] gft]bf/n] of] d[To'sf] lgod xf] eg]/ a9' fnfO{ ;DemfP .

-ª_ rfc] fnfnsf] Pp6f 5f]/fsf] lax] ePsf] lyPg .

@= syf ;g' s] f cfwf/df tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ egs] f xg' \, kQf nufO{ eGgx' f];\ M

-s_ ltdLx¿sf nflu cfdfn] cfkm\ gf ;a} ;v' ToflulbOg\ .
-v_ d sxf“af6 o; a'9fnfO{ kfNg ;S5' .
-u_ oxf“ tkfOs{“ f] cft“ df Hjfnf blGsg yfNof] . Psl5g tkfO“{ ef]s ;x/] a:g ;Sg'x'Gg <
-3_ xf] afa,' aRrf 5b“ f Psl5g b'w vfg gkfP/ t“ ?b“ f d]/f d6' ' lrl/GYof] .
-ª_ efO, d vx/]n] aufP/ NofO{ au/df kmflnPsf] au]7| f] lyP“ .

#= syfsf] afO;f}“ / t]O;f“} cgR' 5]b ;fyLaf6 ;'Ggx' f];\ / tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ b;“d} f s'g 5f/] fsf] kl/jf/ cfp“bf emu8f k/s] f] lyof] <

-v_ afa'sf] :ofxf/;';f/ ug{ efuaG8f;dt] nufpg'kg{] k|:tfj cfPkl5 dflxnf] 5f/] fn] s]
kl| tljm| of lbof] <

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-ª_ rf]cfnfnnfO{ 5f]/fn] lsg a:] ;/L ufnfdf xfGof] <

$= syfsf] clGtd cg'R5b] ;'gL To;df JoSt ePsf ljrf/nfO{ ;f/fz+ df eGg'xf];\ .

afn] fO

!= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df z'4 pRrf/0f ugx{' f];\ M

h:t} M e08f/÷eg=\ 8f/\
Joj:yfkg, cfzLjf{b, eS' tfgL, ldufn}{ f, ;~rosfi] f

@= tn lbOPsf cgs' /0ffTds zAbx¿sf] ko| fu] u/L 5f]6f] syf ;'gfpgx' f;] \ M
v:ofsv';s' , yrSs, kmtkmt, l;l/ª\ª, h'?Ss, lhª\l/ªª\ , emGfSs, xj\ f“x\jf“

#= tkfO{n“ ] hfg]sf] s'g} Pp6f syf l;nl;nf ldnfP/ eGgx' f;] \ .

k9fO

!= syfsf cg'R5b] x¿nfO{ ;:j/k7g ugx'{ f;] \ . cfkm\ gf] k7gdf s'g} sdL sdhf/] L ePsf] ePdf
;'wf/sf nflu ;e' mfj lbg ;fyLx¿nfO{ cfu|x ugx{' f];\ .

@= syf k9s] f cfwf/df ‘j4[ j4[ fsf] ;Ddfg / x/] rfx ugk{' 5’{ eGg] ljifodf Ps cgR' 5b] nV] gx' f;] \ .

n]vfO

!= tn lbOPsf 6S' sfx¿sf] cy{ klxrfg u/L hf]8f ldnfpgx' f];\ M

-s_ s/' f] vfg' ufnL ug'{
-v_ df;' vfg' l/;fP/ x]g{'
-u_ d'v 5f8g\ ' egs] f] dfGg'
-3_ cf“vf tg'{ rgfvf] xg' '
-ª_ sfg 7f8f] kfg'{ lbSs kfg'{

s'6\g'

@= lgDg lnlvt zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u ugx{' f;] \ M g]kfnL M sIff (
k|ltli7t, sn' t, cGwljZjf;, e'StfgL, c;xfo, k|no, jQ[ fGt

152

#= rfc] fnfnsf sfG5f 5f]/fsf] afs“ L hLjg s;/L laTof] xf]nf, cg'dfg u/L n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] ;ª\lIfKt pQ/ n]Vgx' f];\ M
-s_ rfc] fnfnsf /fdf| ljzi] ftfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ rf]cfnfnsf] sfG5f] 5f]/f] sn' tdf km:g'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] xg' ;S5g\ <
-u_ j4[ j[4f ePkl5 lt/:s[t x'g'sf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g ;S5g\ <
-3_ rfc] fnfnsf 5f/] fx¿n] cfk\mgf afac' fdfk|lt ug'{kg{] st{JonfO{ s;/L lgjf{x ug{k' Yof]{ <
-ª_ o; syfsf] zLifs{ ‘aGwgaf6 d'lSt’ eGg] lsg /flvPsf] xf]nf <

%= syfsf] t]O;f“} cg'R5]baf6 rf/ cf6] f a'b“ fx¿ l6kf6] ug'{xf;] \ .

^= syfsf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5]bnfO{ Ps tt[ Lof+z x'g] u/L ;f/fz+ n]Vgx' f];\ .

&= ;k|;ªu\ JofVof ug{x' f];\ M
-s_ ‘kltkTgL ;“u;u“ } hfg t ;a} rfxG5g\ t/ Pp6fn] lahfu] ax] fg] }{ k5{ .’
-v_ ‘ltdLn] Xbodf c6fpg ;Sg] hlt ltdf| cfkmGt xg' \ . ;+;f/nfO{ dfof n6' fpm, ;;+ f/
ltd}| xf] .’

*= aGwgaf6 dl' St syfsf] d"n ;Gbz] s] xf] < ljj]rgf ugx'{ f;] \

Jofs/0f

!= tn lbOPsf] cgR' 5]bdf st[{, sd{ / efj jfRosf] ko| f]u ePsf] 5, k9g\ 'xf];\ / kT| o]s jfSosf
@÷@ cf]6f jfSo l6Kg'xf;] \ M

b'O{ dlxgfcl3 dfq} lduf{}nf k]mn ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 ;Gtfgk/' L bM' vdfofnfO{ lduf{}nf s;n]
bn] f eGg] lrGtf eof] . æ>Ldfg\ h;f]t;f] pkrf/ vr{ h6' fpg t tof/ x'ge' of] . t/
ldufn{} f s;n] lbg] <Æ pgn] ;g' fOg\ . pgn] elgg,\ æ;xofu] sf nflu w/] l} t/ bul' /of] . ?g t slt

/fO] of] slt . t/ ;'vdf lxti} fL b]lvPsf klg cK7]/f] kbf{ la/fgf xg' ku' ] . xQkQ cfdfnfO{
eg]kl5 pxf“ ldufn}{ f lbg tof/ x'g'eof] . To;kl5 k|Tof/f]k0fsf nflu c:ktfn egf{ ePsL

x“' .Æ pgsf cg;' f/ ldufn{} f k]mn eP hlQs} lrGtf bftf gel] 6b“ f x'g] /x]5 . o:tf] cj:yfdf
ljjfx u/L uPsf rn] La6] LnfO{ emg} ;d:of x'g] /x]5 . pgn] elgg,\ æg t 3/ kl/jf/n]
;xof]u u5{g,\ g t dfOtL kIfn] g} . cfk\mgL cfdf dfq} ;Gtfgsf nflu h] ug{ tof/ xg' ]
/lx5g\ .Æ dfgj cª\u k|Tof/f]k0f s]Gb|sf dflg;;d]t la/fdLsf cj:yfsf] leGgtfsf
af/]df cgle1 5g} g\ . kl/jf/sf k?' if ;b:o la/fdL xb'“ f dlxnfx¿sf] hfohy] f / u/uxgf ;a}
a]r/] vr{ h'6fOG5 . pgLx¿åf/f g} lduf}n{ f;d]t lbOG5 . dlxnf la/fdL x“b' f eg] k?' ifåf/f
ldufn}{ f lbg] s/' f lj/n} ;'lgG5 .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 153

@= tnsf] cgR' 5b] af6 % cf]6f stj{[ fRo l6Kg'xf];\ M

cfdfb] n] eGof,] æd cfh ljBfno hfGg“ . ;/nfO{ la/fdL 5 elgb]pm x} .Æ clgsf x'G5 eGb}
6fpsf] xNnfpb“ } lx“8L . af6fdf lh1f;fn] ;fw] L, æcfdfb] vfO] { t <Æ cfpb“ g} /] eGb} pm km6fkm6
lx“8L . cln k/ lgdLiff, ;f}o{ / clgiff e]l6P . pgLx¿n] klg cfdf]bs} af/]df ;f]Wnfg\ eg]/
p;n] xQkQ egL, æltdLx¿n] klg cfdfb] s} af/]df ;fWg] xfn] f lg . pm 6fpsf] bv' /] ;t' ]sf]
5 . ;a}nfO{ ToxL elglbg" eg]sf] 5 .Æ

#= tnsf] cg'R5b] af6 sd{jfRo % cf]6f afSo l6Kg'xf];\ M

cfh laxfg d bf“t dfem\ b} lyP“ . TolQs}df a|; ef“lrof] . To;kl5 skfn sf]g{ yfns] L lyP“,
sfOo“ f] klg efl“ rof] . Tof] s/' f dn} ] zsG' tnfnfO{ eg“] . pm eg] d/] f s/' f ;G' b} g;g' L afl] n/fvL .
cfkm\ gf] t cfh rf“8} u[xsfo{ klg ;lsof] . ca dHhf;“u lrof vfOG5 . bfOsL 5f]/LnfO{
ln6f] v'jfOG5 . clg efG5fdf uP/ crf/ agfOG5 . d}n] km] l/ p;nfO{ cfux| sf :j/df eg“,]
æalxgL dnfO{ t]/f] sf“Oof] b] g .Æ cfdfn] d/] f] s'/f ;'Gge' P5 . pxfn“ ] dnfO{ cfk\mgf] sfO“of]
lems/] lbg'eof] .

$= tnsf] cg'R5b] af6 efjjfRo 5fGg'xf];\ M

ljZjgfy cfkm\ gf] sf]7fdf a;/] /f]O/fv]sf] lyof] . lbbLn] pm /fP] sf] bV] g'eof] . g/fp] m efO,
g/f]pm . clxn] /fP] / s] sfd < cfk"m t ;fgfdf va' /f]Oof] . b'Mv klg va' kfOof] lg . laxfg}
p7]/ aa' fnfO{ efG;fdf ;3fOof] . cfdfsf] hflu/ laxfg} lyof] . an] s' L rflx“ efG;fdf cfdfnfO{
;3fOof] . ux[ sfo{ ug{ slxNo} /fd|f;] u“ EofOPg . ljBfnodf ufnL vfOof] . kl5 t /ftL
ca]/;Dd a;/] ux[ sfo{ ug{ yflnof] . ;fgfdf b'Mv kfP klg clxn] eg] xf“l;“b} 5 .

%= jfRo kl/jt{g ug{x' f];\ M

-s_ sd' f/n] lstfa lsGof] .
-v_ dåf/f eft vfOof] .
-u_ lxhf] va' bu'l/of] .
-3_ v]tfnfn] af/L vGof] .
-ª_ cfh t laxfg cf7 ah;] Dd ;l' tP5 .
-r_ rf]/x¿n] 3/sf /fdf| ;fdfg hlt ;a} rf]/5] g\ .
-5_ cfh ljBfno slt ah] cfOof] <
-h_ slt cf6] f syf kl9of] <
-em_ d';fn] sk8fdf KjfnK} jfn kf/5] .

^= syfaf6 l6k]/ ;?' df x:| j ePsf b; cf6] f zAbsf] ;"rL agfpgx' f;] \ .

154 g]kfnL M sIff (

&= syfaf6 klxrfg u/L cGTodf bL3{ ePsf b; cf6] f zAbsf] ;"rL agfpg'xf];\ .

*= syfaf6 zAbsf lardf x|:j ePsf b; cf]6f zAbsf] ;r" L agfpgx' f;] \ .

(= tnsf] cgR' 5]bdf ePsf uNtL ;Rofpgx' f;] \ M

ltdL t c;n kf] /xL5o\ f} . d/] f] ;fly l;tf n] eg]/ kf] yfxf kfP“ . vuG] b|n] ;w}“ tLd|f] s'/f
sf6\Yof] . ToxL s'/f ;g' ]/ d}n] ltdf| af/d] f g/fdf| ] wf/0ff agfPsf] x“' . pgL x?n] k;| +zf
u/]sf] dflg; rflx+ a? b':6 /x]5 . c?sf s'/f ;"g/] eGbf cfkm} n] Jojxf/sf] d"Nofª\sg
u//] dflgz lrGg' /fdf| ] x'g] /x5] .

l;h{gfTds sfo{

lbOPsf ab“' fsf cfwf/df 5f]6f] syf tof/ kfg'{xf;] \ M

Pp6f hªu\ ndf xfQL / afb“ / ========== ;u“ } ldn]/ a:g' ========== ;“u} vfgs] /' f vfh] ]/ vfg' ==========
Ps lbg æsf] 7n' f]Æ eGg] ljifodf emu8f x'g' =================== nf6f]sf;] ]/fnfO{ emu8f l5lglbg
cg/' f]w ug{' ============== nf6fs] f;] /] fn] b'jn} fO{ vfn] fkfl/af6 gl/jn l6k]/ Nofpg nufpg' ==========
vfn] f tbf{ afb“ / xfQLsf] lkl7pd“ f r9\g' ========== vf]nf tg'{ ========== gl/jnsf] ?v Hofb} cUnf]
x'g' ========== xfQLn] afb“ /nfO{ gl/jn l6k]/ Nofpg eGg' ================== afb“ /nfO{ gl/jn af]Sg
cK7\of/f] xg' ' =================== xfQLn] dv' df RofKg' =================== nf6fs] f];/] fn] gl/jn s;/L
Nofof} egL ;f]Wg' ================ pgLx¿n] oyfy{ hjfkm lbg' ========================= bj' n} ] ;dfg sfo{
u/s] fn] bj' n} ] cfcfk\mgf sfddf 7'nf 5f} egL nf6f]sf;] ]/fn] lg0f{o ;'gfpg' =================== b'jn} ]
Ps cfk;df dfkmL dfUg' ===================== kg' M tL bj' } hgf ldn]/ a:g' =================== cfkm\ gf]
sfddf ;as} f] plQs} dxŒj xG' 5 eGg] ;Gbz]

g]kfnL M sIff ( 155

.