Nepali Book Class 9

ugk{' 5{ . cfjZos k/] gof“ sfgg' klg agfpgk' 5{ . o:tf] ck/fwsf] ;O' s“ f] kfP/ ;r" gf lbg] x/s]
gful/snfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ kl5 kg{' xb“' g} . o;df /fHosf] dV' o el" dsf xG' 5 . gful/sx¿n] /fHonfO{
;xofu] ugk{' 5{ . To;} u/L o; ;d:ofaf6 dl' St kfpg] csf{] kIf ;rt] gf cleofg g} xf] . ljBfno
txsf kf7\ok':tsaf6} ;r]tgf cleofg ;'? ugk'{ 5{ . o;df ;dfhsf ;a} ;r]t ju{n] ;xofu]
ug'{k5{ . o;df ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf] 7'nf] e"ldsf x'G5 . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L
;ª\3;+:yfx¿ ;ljm| o x'g'k5{ . clxn]sf] PSsfO;f}“ ztfAbLsf] ou' df dfG5]n] dfG5n] fO{ g} aR] g]
h:tf] lgGbgLo sfo{af6 hgtfn] dl' St kfpg'k5{ .
-hgfp 3G6L aH5 ._
#!= dfgj a]rlavgaf6 kLl8t dflg;x¿nfO{ pko'St Ifltk"lt{ lbnfpg] sfd ;'? ug'{k5{ .
kLl8tx¿nfO{ kg' :yfk{ gfsf nflu cfjZos ofh] gfx¿ Nofpgk' 5{ . /fh] uf/Lsf] cj;/ lbnfpgk' 5{ .
kfl/jfl/s kg' ldn{ g u/fpg] / ;dfhdf ;dfofh] g u/fpg] h:tf sfo{x¿df hf8] lbg'k5{ .
x/s] ;r]t dflg;n] dfgj ar] lavg h:tf] cdfgjLo bi' sfo{sf lj?4 nfUgk' 5{ . cGTodf
kl/jtg{ cfk“m} af6 ;?' ug'{k5{ elgG5 . o; cy{df d klg Ps ;r]t ljBfyL{sf gftfn] dfgj
ar] lavg lj?4sf] cleofgdf cfh}bl] v ;lj|mo /xg] k|0f ub5{ ' . d d]/f] 3/ kl/jf/af6}
;r]tgf clej[l4 sfos{ f] z'ef/De ug{] 5' . ;fy} o; dxfcleofgdf ;w}“ ;lj|mo /xg] 5' . oxL
jrga4tf;lxt cfkm\gf] dGtJo oxL“ 6'ªU\ ofp“5' . wGojfb ¤
#@= pb3\ fi] fs M cfhsf] jSt[Tj k|ltofl] utf oxL“ ;lsG5 . ca s]xL If0fkl5 lg0ffo{ s d08naf6
lg0f{o ;g' fpg'sf ;fy} ;efWoIfHoa" f6 dGtJo;lxt ;ef lj;hg{ x'g] 5 . d pb\3fi] fs ;d' g
ldhf/ labf x'G5' . oxf“x¿ ;an} fO{ xflbs{ wGojfb ¤

zAbfy{
ljlrq M cgf}7f], crDdsf]
kg' ld{ng M k]ml/ e]63f6 ug]{ jf ldNg] sfd
bi' sfo{ M g/fd|f] sfd
clejl[ 4 M /fd|/L a9fpg] sfd

46 gk] fnL M sIff (

cEof;

;g' fO

!= rf}la;f}“ cg'R5]b ;'gs] f cfwf/df ldn]sf] egfOsf cufl8 l7s lrxg\ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ s'g} klg ;d:ofn] ;dfwfg cfk}m“ af]s]/ cfPsf] x'G5 .

-v_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of kf| s[lts xfO] g .

-u_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ /fHo h'd{'/fP k'U5 .

-3_ dfgj a]rlavgsf] ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ljBfyLs{ f] s'g} e"ldsf x'b“ g} .

-ª_ dfgj a]rlavg lgGbgLo sfo{ xf] .

@= kf7sf] k|f/lDes cg'R5]b lzIfsaf6 ;g' ]sf cfwf/df lgDg lnlvt k|Zgx¿sf] dfl} vs hjfkm
lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ jStt[ fsf] ljifo s] xf] <

-v_ jSt[Tj k|ltofl] utf s;sf] ;efWoIftfdf ;~rfng ePsf] 5 <

-u_ lg0ffo{ s d08ndf slt hgf ;b:ox¿ 5g\ <

-3_ pb\3f]if0f ug]{ JolSt sf] xg' \ <

-ª_ jSt[Tj k|ltofl] utfdf slt hgf jStf tfl] sPsf 5g\ <

#= jStT[ j k|ltof]lutfsf lgodx¿sf] >l' tn]vg ugx'{ f;] \ .

af]nfO

!= tn lbOPsf zAbx¿ z'4 / :ki6 ¿kdf pRrf/0f ug'x{ f];\ M

;efWoIf, cªu\ kT| oª\u, bJ' o;{ g, bi' kj| l[ Q, k'g:yfk{ gf, snªl\ st, kT| of/f]k0f, alxist[ , pNnª\3g,
bJ' oj{ xf/, kg' ld{ng

@= tnsf pvfg 6'Ssfx¿nfO{ cy{ vN' g] u/L jfSodf ko| f]u u/L sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f];\ M

cfª} lhl/ª\u x'g,' l;w} :ju{ k¥' ofpg', nx}nxd} f nfUg,' 3fd h:t} 5nª{ u\ xg' ,' ¥ofn rx' fpg,'
;O' s“ f] kfpg', Ps y'sL ;s' L† ;o y'sL gbL, xg' ] la?jfsf] lrNnf] kft

#= tkfOn{“ fO{ jSt[tf kl| tof]lutfdf afN] g] rf/ hgfdWo] s;sf] ljrf/ /fdf| ] nfUof] < sf/0f;lxt
eGg'xf];\ .

$= ‘ljBfno zflGt Ifq] xf’] eGg] ljifodf ;dx" df 5nkmn ug{'xf];\ / lgisif{ k:| t't ugx{' f];\ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 47

k9fO

!= dflysf] jSt[tfsf cg'R5]bnfO{ xfpefp;lxt kfn}kfnf] k9\gx' f;] \ .

@= dflysf] jStt[ f k9s] f cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
-s_ nx}nxd} f nfUg'sf] cy{ s] xf] <
-v_ dfgj ar] lavgdf k/]sf dfG5]x¿nfO{ s:tf sfddf nufOPsf] kfOG5 <
-u_ ar] lavgaf6 pDs]/ cfPsf dflg;x¿ s;/L af“Rg afWo 5g\ <

#= nV] o lrx\gx¿nfO{ Vofn u/L tnsf] cg'R5b] k9\gx' f;] \ M
s:tf v/fa dflg;x¿ ¤ dfG5]n] dfG5n] fO{ a]Rg] . s] ;;+ f/df k;} feGbf csf]{ 7'nf] s/' f sx] L
5}g / < ;Tsd{ u/]/ vfg,' s;n} fO{ bv' glbg' / sx] L ug{ g;s] dfu/] vfgd' f hLjgsf] ;fy{stf
5 . x] O{Zj/ ¤ ltgLx¿sf] ;ba\ 'l4 cfcf;] \ ¤ dfgjtf dUdufcf];\ .

$= jSt[tfsf] 5}6f}“ cgR' 5b] nfO{ dgdg} k9g\ 'xf;] \ / To;df cleJoSt ePsf ljrf/x¿nfO{ cfkm\g}
df}lns z}nLdf nV] g'xf];\ .

n]vfO

!= tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] ;ªl\ IfKt pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
-s_ dfgj ar] lavg / cf];f/k;f/sf] t:s/L a9g\ fsf sf/0fx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-v_ dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ g} aR] g] b:' ;fx; lsg u5{ <
-u_ dfgj a]rlavg / cf;] f/k;f/sf sfon{ fO{ lgoGq0f ug{] pkfo s] s] xg' \ <
-3_ tkfO“{ sfgg' agfpg] 7fpd“ f x'ge' Psf] eP o:tf] ck/fw ugn{] fO{ s:tf] ;hfosf] Joj:yf
ugx'{ G' Yof] < cfkm\ gf] ljrf/ k|;tt' ugx'{ f;] \ .
-ª_ dfgj ar] lavg / cf];f/k;f/ lsg hNbfa] Nbf] ljifo dflgG5 <

@= dfgj a]rlavgsf lj?4 ;r]tgf cleofg ;~rfng ubf{ hn' ';df nufpg ;lsg] pkoS' t s'g}
kf“r cf6] f gf/fx¿ n]Vgx' f];\ .

#= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ cg'R5]baf6 dV' o rf/ cf6] f a'“bfx¿ l6kf6] ug'x{ f;] \ .

$= kf7sf] c7f/f}“ cg'R5b] nfO{ Ps t[tLof+z x'g] u/L ;ªI\ fk] Ls/0f ug'x{ f];\ .

%= ‘;Tdfu{ / zflGtn] g} ;dfhnfO{ ;Eo agfp5“ ’ eGg] ljifodf %) zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f cgR' 5]b
nV] g'xf;] \ .

48 g]kfnL M sIff (

Jofs/0f

!= lbOPsf] cg'R5b] df /]vfªl\ st zAb lj|mofkb x'g\, ltgnfO{ ;fgx{' f;] \ M

lxhf]cfh o'jfb]lv s]6fs]6L;Ddsf nflu df]afOn Ps dxŒjk"0f{ dgf]/~hgsf] ;fwg
ag]sf] 5 . ;fyLx¿;“u s'/fsfgL ug{ / cfk;L ;Dks{ a9fpg klg o;n] ;xof]u u/]sf] 5 .
OG6/g]6af6 gof“ s'/f l;s]/ k9\gsf nflu xf];\ jf /f]df~rs v]nx¿ v]Ng, o;nfO{
;a}n] ?rfp“5g\ . xfn cfP/ of] ;a}sf nflu hLjgsf] Ps cleGg cª\u alg;s]sf]
5 . Psyl/ dflg;x¿ ljBfyL{nfO{ df]afOn rnfpg lbgx' 'Gg eG5g\ eg] csf{yl/ o;sf]
ko| fu] af6 l;sfOdf 7'nf] 6j] f ldN5 eG5g\ . df]afOnaf6} ljZjsf ljljw hfgsf/Lx¿ k|fKt
u/]/ cfkmn" fO{ cAan bhfs{ f] ljBfyLs{ f ¿kdf :yflkt ug{x] ¿ klg sd 5}gg\ . o;} cyd{ f
plrt dfqfdf ;b'kof]u u/] df]afOn ljBfyLs{ f] c;n ;xofu] L / b?' kofu] u/]df of] ;aeGbf
v/fa xf] eGg] cledt ljåfgx\ ¿sf] kfOG5 .

@= tnsf cgR' 5b] x¿df /]vfª\lst lj|mofof]uL zAbnfO{ sfkLdf l6kf6] ug{x' f;] \ / To:t} ks| f/sf
c¿ b; cf6] f lj|mofof]uL zAbx¿ vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M

:j0f{ hoGtL

ljBfnosf] :j0f{ hoGtL dgfpg] ;do t kf]xf]/ lyof] . tof/L /fd|f] gePsfn] cf3f“}
u/f“}nf elgof] . o; jifs{ f] tof/L Ps dlxgfcl3 g} ;lsof] . lgdGq0ff sf8{ af8“ \g] sfd
cl:t ;lsof] . lxhf] d~rsf] ;hfj6sf] sfd klg ;DkGg eof] . sfd ubfu{ b}{ ;f“em
k/5] . d'Vo /dfOnf] t ef]ln kf] xG' 5 . o:t} sNkgf ubfu{ b{} d lxhf] an] s' L e';'Ss} lgbfP5' .

d cfh laxfg ;a/] } ljBfno k'u“] . sfx] L dfG5] leq lyP eg] sfx] L aflx/} lyP . ;fgf
s6] fs]6Lx¿ sf]xL otf / sf]xL ptf vN] b} lyP . sfd ug]{x¿ tn / dfly ub}{ lyP . d~rdf
dfOs cufl8 lyof] eg] ;fk] mfx¿ k5fl8k6l\ 6 ;hfOPsf lyP . ljBt' Lo ;fdu|Lx¿ d~rsf]
dl' g lyP . tf/] 0fx¿nfO{ /fd|/L af“w/] ;a}lt/ kmGkmgL 3d' fOPsf] lyof] . xfjf klg dGbdGb
/ l;/l;/ rln/xs] f] lyof] . cleefjsx¿ klg v?' v?' cfp“b} lyP . ;ªu\ Ltsf] w'g
yf]/} ;'lg“bf] lyof] eg] cGo xNnf w]/} lyof] . To;}n] xfn] f ;ª\uLtsf] cfjfh clnslt
a9fOof] . of] ;g' /] ;a} /dfP . /ldnf ld;n] PskN6 Toxfs“ f] tof/L x/] L kms{g'eof] . d'Vo
cltly klg 6K' nS' s cfOk'Uge' of] . tfnLsf] cfjfh 3lGsof] . pb\3f]ifs lrl6Ss k/]/ cfP
/ sfo{jm| d la:tf/} ;'? eof] . s;}n] ljBfnosf] Oltxf; ;;t{ L{ k9] eg] s;n} ] ljBfnosf
/fdf| ultljlwsf] dRrLdRrL k|z+;f u/] . s;n} ] ;w' f/ ugk'{ g]{ kIfsf af/]df kmf66\ k'm66\ af]n] .
k'/:sf/ / ;Ddfg kfpg]x¿nfO{ l6lnSs l;“ufl/Psf] lyof] / pgLx¿ v';Ln] ub\ub
lyP . ;f+:s[lts sfoj{ m| ddf ;fyLx¿ gfRb} lyP eg] afhfufhfx¿ 3g3g 3lGsb} lyP . o:t}
/demd u/L lbg laTof] . an] 'sL w]/} aQL afnL ljBfnonfO{ lemlnldnL kfl/of] / :j0f{
hoGtL sfoj{ m| d w"dwfd;u“ ;DkGg eof] .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 49

#= tn lbOPsf lj:doflbaf]ws zAbx¿sf] k|ofu] u/L jfSo lgdf{0f ug{'xf;] \ M

cf]xf,] x/], s7}a/f, cfa'O, 5\of, y'Ss, cfTyf

$= tnsf jfSoaf6 ljm| ofkb, ljm| ofofu] L / lj:doflbaf]ws zAbx¿ l6Kg'xf;] \ M

-s_ /fd ;w“} d]xgtdf g} ljZjf; ug{] x'b“ f p;sf] /fd|f] ku| lt eof] .

-v_ ul/a dflg;x¿ ul/aL;u“ h'lw/xs] f 5g,\ wgLx¿ eg] wg;“u vl] n/xs] f 5g\ .

-u_ ltdL hfd] ;f]d 3D' g uof} eg] /d0fLo :ynx¿sf] cjnfs] g ug{ kfpg] 5f} .

-3_ dx] gtL ls;fgn] d]xgt gu/] xfdL s] vfP/ afr“ f}n“ f <

-ª_ cWoogzLn ljBfyLn{ ] cfk\mgf] :t/ p7fpg ;w“} lgoldt ¿kdf cWoog ug{'k5{ .

-r_ ljr/f, ;fgf] afa' lxhf] sfGnfaf6 v;]5 ¤

-5_ l5 ¤ s:tf] kmfx] /L dfG5] /x]5, pm t xft} gwfO] { ;kf;k eft vfg yfNof] .

-h_ cf]xf] ¤ ltdL t ev/{ cfP5f} ¤

%= tnsf] tflnsfsf pbfx/0fx¿af6 jfSo ljZni] f0f / ;Z+ ni] f0fdf xg' ] km/s kQf nufpgx' f;] \ M

jfSo ljZn]if0f   jfSo ;+Zni] f0f jfSosf] lsl;d

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ .   lbndfof 3/ cfP/ ux[ sfo{ ul5{g\ . ;/n jfSo

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ .

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ .   ha lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ ta ux[ sfo{ ld> jfSo

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5g{ \ . ul5{g\ .

lbndfof 3/ cfp“l5g\ .   lbndfof 3/ cfpl“ 5g\ clg ux[ sfo{ ul5g{ \ ;o+ 'St jfSo
ul5{g\ .

pgL u[xsfo{ ul5{g\ . g]kfnL M sIff (

^= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ Pp6} jfSodf ;+Zn]if0f ug{'xf];\ M
-s_ d]/L alxgL ;a/] } p7l\ 5g\ . pgL lrof ksfp“l5g\ . -;/n jfSo_

50

-v_ ;Togf/fo0f ljBfno hfG5g\ . pgL /fd|/L k9\5g\ . pgL gcfPsf] s'/f u'?;“u
;fW] 5g\ . -;+o'St jfSo_

-u_ kfgL k¥of] . af6f] lxnf] eof] . -ld> jfSo_
-3_ l5l/ª bfh] {] laxd] f uof] . p;n] efh] vfof] . pm Psl5g gfRof] . -;o+ S' t jfSo_
-ª_ p;n] /fdnvg;“u k;} f dfUof] . ;fg] jfn] v?' Ss k};f lbOg\ . -ld> jfSo_
&= tnsf jfSox¿sf] ljZn]if0f ug{'xf;] \ M
-s_ pm / d lbgx“' ux[ sfo{ u/]/ Psl5g k95\ f}“ / sx] L ;do vN] 5f}“ clg ;fe“ m kgf{;fy 3/

kmsG{ 5f“} .
-v_ rd]nLn] rfprfp lsg]/ NofO{ t/ cfdfn] To;sf] ;6\6f lrp/f vfg eGbf rd]nL

l/;fP/ lx8“ L .
-u_ d]/f] 6fpsf] udL{df w]/} bV' g] ePsfn] d a9L dfqfdf kfgL lkpg] u5'{ .
-3_ ha eO' “rfnf] cfp5“ ta dflg;x¿ ;/' lIft :yfgtkm{ nfU5g\ .
-ª_ h;n] dx sf9\5, p;n] xft rf65\ .

l;hg{ fTds sfo{
tnsf ljifodf jStt[ f tof/ kfg{x' f;] \ M
-s_ e"sDkLo ;/' Iffkl| t xfdf| ] bfloTj
-v_ ckfªu\ d}qL Jojxf/sf nflu ;fdflhs ;r]tgf
-u_ 5'jf5't pGdn" gdf ljBfyLs{ f] e"ldsf

g]kfnL M sIff ( 51

kf7 ^ alxgLnfO{ lr7L

jL/uGh d]l8sn snh]
@)&@÷)@÷!%

Kof/L alxgL cg'kdf,

ze' fzLjfb{ ¤

!= d oxf“ ;Gr} 5' . Toxf“ cfdfa'af;dt] ;an} fO{ cf/fd} xf;] \ eGg] sfdgf u5'{ . Toxfa“ f6 lr7L
gcfPsf] w/] } eof] . k/LIffsf] Jo:ttfsf sf/0f d}n] klg lr7L n]Vg EofOg“ . clxn] cln km';{b
eP/ ltd|f] xfn va/ klg ae' mf“} / cfk"mn] hfg] a'ems] f s'/f ltdLnfO{ n]Vb} hfp“m eGg] x]tn' ]
of] kq nVb} 5' . vf;} gf}nf] va/ t s]xL 5}g . k9\gnfO{ ldlxgt] t ug}{ k¥of] . km';{bsf]
;dodf dnfO{ cfoj' ]b{ ;DaGwL k:' tsx¿ k9\g dg nfU5 . ut dlxgfsf] lr7Ldf d}n] ltdLnfO{
of]u ;fwgfsf af/d] f sx] L rrf{ u/s] L lyP“ . cfh eg] cfi} fwL lj1fg ;DaGwL s]xL gof“
hfgsf/L lbg] ko| Tg u/s] L 5' . dnfO{ nfU5 ltdLn] o;nfO{ ;xh ¿kdf ux| 0f ug{] 5o\ f} .

@= lk|o alxgL ¤ :jf:Yo g} hLjgsf] klxnf] wg /x5] . :j:y / bL3{ hLjgsf cfwf/ eg]s} lgoldt
/ :jf:Yojws{ efh] g /x]5g\ . clgoldt / clws cfxf/n] g} dwd' ]x, x[bof3ft, df6] f]kgf, ca{'b
/ pRr /Strfk h:tf /f]ux¿ lgDTofpg] u5{ . cfxf/sf ;DaGwdf a]Ghfldg Ço| fªs\ lngn]
eg]sf 5g\, æd}n] b]vs] fdf yf/] } dflg;x¿ dfq vfg gkfP/ d/s] f 5g\ . w]/} vfP/ dg]{x¿
xhf/f,}“ nfvf}“ 5g\ .Æ k"jLo{ bz{gn] klg eG5, æ:j:y hLjgsf nflu ;j{>]i7 cfxf/ eg]
sf Ctfxf/, lxtfxf/ / ldtfxf/ xg' \ .Æ vfgfs} c;fjwfgLsf sf/0fn] dfG5]nfO{ sg' } klg
/fu] nfUg ;S5 . /f]u nfluxfn]df ;'?sf cj:yfdf xfd}| 3/ jl/kl/ /x]sf h8La'6L jf 3/n] '

cf}ifwL ;j] g ug{' >o] :s/ xG' 5 eGg] s/' fnfO{ cfoj' b]{ lj1fgn] dxŒj lbPsf] kfOG5 .

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (
Jo:ttf M ak] m' ;{bL
dw'dx] M lrgL /f]u
Xbof3ft M d6' s' f] rfndf crfgs kg]{ afwf
ca'{b M SofG;/
/Strfk M /utsf] bafa
Ctfxf/ M Ctc' g;' f/sf] vfgkfg
lxtfxf/ M lxtsf/L ef]hg
ldtfxf/ M l7s dfqfsf] vfgkfg
;]jg M ko| f]u

>o] :s/ M pkofu] L

52

#= gfgL ¤ ltdL klg 3/sf eGbf aflx/sf vfgs] /' f a9L vfG5o\ f} c/] ¤ r]tgfsf] cefjn] lxhf]
cfh a9L dfqfdf ahfl/of vfg]s/' fx¿ vfg] k|jl[ Q 5 . o;leq a9L dfqfdf df5f df;,'
tf/s] f, d;nfbf/ / ahfl/of vfgf kb5{ g\ . o;/L :jfb, ¿k, /ª / uGwnfO{ dfq dxŒj lbP/
vfgf vfg] ugf{n] ljleGg vfnsf /f]u nfU5g\ . xfdLn] ljzi] f u/L Iff/k|wfg vfgfx¿df a9L
hf8] lbgk' b5{ . Iff/ kw| fg vfgfdf df;} dL t/sf/L, kmnk"mn, u]8fu8' Lx¿, ds}, ux'“, hf}, sf]bf,]
kmfk/, pjf h:tf vfgf kb{5g\ . dfG5n] ] ldnfP/ vfg hfGof] eg] ;Gtl' nt / ;o+ ldt cfxf/
g} pQd cf}ifwL xf] .

$= ltdLn] kf]xf]/ ;fn cfk}“m hfGg] eP/ k;naf6 cf}ifwL lsg]/ vf“bf la/fdL ePsf] s'/f
;De]ms} 5o\ f} ls lal;{of} sl' Gg ¤ lxhf]cfh lrlsT;ssf] k/LIf0f / k'hf{ lagf xrj' fsf e/df
cf}ifwL lsg/] vfg] ljsl[ t a9\bf] 5 . 6fpsf] bV' bd} f l;6fdf]n, k6] bV' bd} f k]g lsn/ / ;fdfGo
Hj/f] cfp“bf ;f]em} PlG6afof]l6s vfg] k|j[lQ htftt} b]lvG5 . o;/L cfkm\g} cGbfhdf
cfi} fwL vf“bf tTsfnnfO{ t /f]u lgsf] eP h:tf] bl] vG5 . kl5 uP/ eg] To;n] z/L/sf cGo
cª\u k|Toªu\ df k|lts"n k|efj kfg]{ ;Defjgf w/] } g} xG' 5 . o;df klg w]/}nfO{ kIff3ft xg' ,]
ldufn{} fn] sfd gug{] / ljljw k|sf/sf ckfª\utf x'g] 8/ xG' 5 . o:tf sltko 3fts /f]usf]
pkrf/ zNo lrlsT;fsf dfWodaf6 klg ;Dej x'“bf] /xg] 5 . csf]{ hfGg'kg]{ s'/f s'g} klg
cf}ifwL ;]jg ug{k' "j{ To;sf] Dofb ;dfKt eP gePsf] xg] '{k5{ .

%= dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, ltdLn] hfg]sf o:t} s/' fx¿nfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjgdf ptfg]{ 5o\ f} . cfkm\gf
;fyLefO / ufp3“ /df klg k|rf/k;| f/ ug]{ 5\of} . cfzf 5, ltdLdfkm{t c¿n] klg o:tf gof“
hfgsf/L k|fKt ub}{ hfg] 5g\ .

zAbfy{ 53
pjf M lxdfnL cGg
;o+ ldt M lgolGqt
l;6fdf]n M Hj/f] 36fpg] cfi} fwL
kg] lsn/ M bv' fO sd ug{] cf}ifwL
PlG6afof]l6s M kl| t/fw] fTds cf}ifwL
k|ltsn" M pN6f]
kIff3ft M z/L/sf cªu\ grNg] jf afª\lug] /f]u
zNo lrlsT;f M lr/kmf/ u/L ug{] pkrf/
kr| f/k;| f/ M k}mnfj6, km} nfpg] sfd

gk] fnL M sIff (

^= ef]lnsf lbgx¿df yk hfg]sf s'/f nV] b} hfg] 5' . ltdLn] OG6/g6] rnfpg hfgk] l5 o:tf
hfgsf/LnfO{ Od]naf6 g} cfbfgkb| fg ug{ ;Sg] 5f} . ck]Iff u/f,}“ Tof] lbg rf8“ } cfpg] 5 .
cfdfaa' f;u“ t df]afOn kmf]gdf g} s'/f ubf{ /dfOnf] nfU5 . efOnfO{ d]/f] ld7f] ;Demgf ;g' fO
lbg" . ufp“sf ;fyL;u“ LnfO{ klg w]/} w/] } ;f]w]sf] 5 egL lbg" . cfk"m klg w]/} dx] gt u/L
k9 . csf]{ ;fnsf] k/LIffdf /fdf| ] glthf Nofpgk' 5{ . w]/} s] n]v"“ . s'g} gof“ ljifodf hfgsf/L
kfP“ eg] o;/L g} lr7L n]vn“' f . cfhnfO{ snd oxL“ aGb u5{' .

ltdLnfO{ w]/} dfof ug]{
lbbL >4f g]kfnL

vfdsf] gd'gf

ki|] fs k|fks
>4f gk] fnL >L cgk' df gk] fnL
jL/uGh d]l8sn snh] ;Nofg @, ;f]n'vD' a'
jL/uGh dxfgu/kflnsf %, k;f{

54 gk] fnL M sIff (

cEof;

;'gfO
!= lr7Lsf] t];f| ] cg'R5]b ;G' gx' f];\ / vfnL 7fp“ egx{' f];\ M

-s_ ================sf] cefjn] dflg;x¿ a9L dfqfdf ahfl/of vfgs] '/f vfG5g\ . -a'l4÷r]tgf_
-v_ xfdLn] ljz]if u/L ======= vfgfdf hf8] lbg'k5{ . -clUgdfGB÷d;nfbf/_
-u_ Iff/ kw| fg vfgfdf ================== kb{5 . -ds}÷df;'_
-3_ -ª_ ================cfxf/ g} pQd cfi} fwL xf] . -;o+ ldt÷kz| fl] wt_
@= lr7Lsf] rfy} f] cg'R5]b lzIfsaf6 ;'Gg'xf;] \ / ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eGgx' f;] \ M
-s_ jt{dfg ;dfhdf s] s:tf cfi} fwLhGo ljsl[ tx¿ kfOG5g\ <
-v_ 8fS6/sf] ;Nnfxlagf cfi} fwL vfb“ f s:tf] ke| fj kg{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf x'G5 <
-u_ s'g} klg cfi} fwL ;j] g ug'{k"j{ la;{g} gx'g] s/' f s] xf] <
#= kf7sf] bf];|f] cgR' 5]b >l' tn]vg ugx'{ f];\ .
afn] fO

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h:t} u/L l7s pRrf/0f ugx{' f;] \ M
Jo:ttf ÷ Ao;\=t=tf
/Strfk ÷/s\=t=rfk\
x[bof3ft, ca{b' , Iff/ k|wfg, lrlsT;s, k/LIf0f

#= lr7Ldf eg]cg;' f/ tkfOs{“ f cf;kf;sf ahf/df kfOg] vfg} gx'g] ks| f/sf s] s] j:t'x¿ kbf{
/x5] g\ < ;dx" df 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ / sIffdf k|:tt' ug{'xf];\ .

$= hyfefjL cfi} fwL vf“bf kg{] ke| fjsf af/d] f ;dx" df 5nkmn u/L To;sf] lgisif{ sIffdf
k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .

%= lr7Ldf cfwl' gs lrlsT;f ;DaGwL g;{ k9s] L >4f g]kfnLn] cfo'jb{] lj1fgnfO{ klg dxŒj
lbPsfdf tkfO“n{ fO{ s:tf] nfUof] < cfkmg\ f] kl| tlj|mof lbg'xf];\ .

^= lr7L n]Vg] >4f lbbLsf] afgL tyf Jojxf/ s:tf] xf]nf < lr7L k9s] f cfwf/df sIffdf
5nkmn ug'{xf;] \ .

k9fO

!= dflysf] lr7L kfnk} fnf] ;:j/k7g u/L sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 55

@= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf jfSosf] jm| d ldnfpg'xf];\ M
-s_ :jf:Yo g} hLjgsf] klxnf] wg xf] .
-v_ vf;} gf}nf] va/ t sx] L 5}g .
-u_ cfhnfO{ snd oxL“ aGb ub{5' .
-3_ cf}ifwL ;]jg ug{k' "j{ To;sf] Dofb ;dfKt eP gePsf] x]gk{' 5{ .
-ª_ hLjgsf nflu ;j>{ i] 7 cfxf/ egs] f Ctfxf/, lxtfxf/ / ldtfxf/ xg' \ .

#= tn lbOPsf] cgR' 5]b /fd|/L k9g\ x' f;] \ / tn ;fl] wPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

1fg k':tsdf dfq ;Lldt x“b' }g . k|sl[ tdf, hgtfsf hLjgdf / ltgsf ;'v b'Mvdf 7'nf] 1fg
xG' 5 . ltgLx¿;u“ leh/] 1fgsf] pkfhg{ ug{ ;lsG5 . ;dfhsf s6] fs6] L, a9' fa9' L;u“ ;Dks{
/fVgfn] / ns] a;] L, ufp“3/, v]tvnf,] dn] f pT;jdf 3'Dg] lkmg]{ ugf{n] klg w]/} cg'ejL tyf
kf/vL agfp“5 . nfs] ;flxTodf rn]sf /fdf| /fdf| uLt, pvfg 6S' sf, nfs] syf, ufpv“ fg]
syf cflb ;G' g], a6'Ng] ugfn{ ] nf]s ;flxTosf] ;j+ wg{ / ljsf;df dbt klg xG' 5 . sg' }
lrh, 36gf jf bZ[ o bV] bf p7s] f ljrf/ / dgdf cfPsf efjx¿nfO{ cleJoSt ug'{k5{ . of]
jf:tljs cge' l" t oyfy{ klg x'G5 . o;/L g} gof“ lrh vfH] g] pT;s' tf / gof“ lrh ux| 0f
ug{] ;:+ sf/ a;fpgk' 5{, koj{ I] f0f / sNkgf ug]{ zlSt a9fpg'k5{ . n]vg snfsf ;DaGwdf
cg{:] 6 xl] dªj\ ] eG5g,\ æj0fg{ dfq ugs{' f] ;f6f] To;nfO{ dfemb\ } vl“ bnf] cfwf/ lbgk' 5,{ hLjg
lbgk' 5{ . Tof] /lrG5, j0fg{ ul/Gg . Tof] ltdf| ] l;hg{ fTds ofU] otfsf] ;Ldf;Dd ;To Pjd\
pGdS' t xG' 5 .Æ

-s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nL M /fdf| ] /rgf ld7f] gk] fnL_

k|Zgx¿

-s_ xfdLn] 7'nf] 1fg sxf“af6 kf| Kt ug{ ;S5f}“ <
-v_ dfG5]x¿ s;/L cge' jL / kf/vL xg' ;S5g\ <
-u_ nf]s ;flxTosf] ;+jwg{ / ljsf;df s;/L dbt k¥' ofpg ;lsG5 <
-3_ ‘;:+ sf/’ / ‘koj{ I] f0f’ zAbsf] cy{ n]Vgx' f;] \ .
-ª_ dflysf] cgR' 5]bsf nflu pkoS' t zLif{s s] x'g ;Snf, n]Vgx' f;] \ .

56 gk] fnL M sIff (

n]vfO

!= lgDg lnlvt kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ of] lr7L s;n] s;nfO{ n]v]sf] xf] <
-v_ >4fn] alxgLnfO{ lr7L nV] g'sf] dV' o p2]Zo s] b]lvG5 <
-u_ cfk"mnfO{ :j:y /fVg xfdLn] s] s] ug'k{ 5{ <
-3_ tkfO{“ >4fsf] :yfgdf ePsf] eP s'g ljifodf alxgLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'x'GYof,] lsg <

@= JofVof ug'x{ f];\ M

‘:jf:Yo g} wg xf]’ eGg] ljifodf ks| fz kfb{} s'ntdf nfu]sf ;fyLnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xf;] \ .

#= cfhsfnsf] df]afOn, Odn] / OG6/g6] sf hdfgfdf klg >4f g]kfnLn] xn' fsaf6 k7fpg]
sfuhL lr7L n]v]sf] tkfOn“{ fO{ slQsf] pkoS' t nfUof] < cfkm\gf] kl| tlj|mof nV] g'xf];\ .

$= afnaflnsfnfO{ ahfl/of vfgf vfhfsf ¿kdf glbO{ 3/n] ' vfgs] /' fdf g} hf8] lbg cfux| ub{}
a:g'ePsf dfdfnfO{ lr7L n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= lr7L k9s] f cfwf/df ldNbf] kofo{ jfrL zAb vf]hL hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

cf/fd cNk efh] g
cNkfxf/ a]km';b{ L
Jo:ttf pN6f]
ldx]gt kl/>d
k|lts"n ;Grf]

^= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u//] sIffdf ;'gfpgx' f];\ M

cNkfxf/, 5fpk8L, Iff/ kw| fg, >o] :s/, ;j] g, zNolrlsT;f

&= tn lbOPsf zAbsf] km/s cy{ cfpg] u/L bO' { bO' { jfSodf ko| f]u ugx'{ f];\ M

t/, hfn, ;f“rf], ;fn, sfn, df;, k]6L, pQ/, s/, xf/

*= bO' { bO' { hgfsf] ;dx" df a;L tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ z4' u/L sfkLdf ;fg'{xf];\ M

dnfO lj:jf; 5, tLdLn] o:6f hfgs] f s/' fx¿ nfO{ cfkmg" f] lhjgdf ptf/g] 5p . cfkmg\ f;fyLefO{
/ ufp3/df klg k;| f/ ug5]{ f} . cf;f 5, xfd|f ufpnx] ¿ n] o;6f gof hfgsfl/ kf| Kt u/b}
hfGof 5g\ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 57

(= tkfOs“{ f] cfkm\ gf] ;:+ sl[ tcg;' f/ lgDg lnlvt gftfuft] fnfO{ 3/fo;L lr7L nV] bf ;?' df s] eg]/
;Dafw] g / clejfbg ug{'xG' 5, n]Vgx' f;] \ M

gftfuft] f ;'?sf] ;Daf]wg clejfbg

dftf÷lktf

dfdf÷sfsf

bfh÷' lbbL

;fyL

alxgL

Jofs/0f

!= kf7df k|oS' t eljiot\ sfnsf s'g} rf/ cf6] f jfSo l6Kgx' f];\ .
@= tnsf jfSox¿ s'g sg' kf7sf xg' \, nV] g'xf];\ M

-s_ nId0f yf?n] df3L kj{ dgfpg] 5g\ .
-v_ gldtf nfdfn] l;nfO{ l;ss] L x'g] 5g\ .
-u_ /fdgfy gof“ 3/ agfpb“ } xg' ] 5g\ .
-3_ clnldof cG;f/L cfufdL dlxgfaf6 sk8f Jofkf/ ub}{ x'g] 5g\ .
-ª_ wl' nvn] dxf]T;jdf ko6{ sx¿ /dfPsf xg' ] 5g\ .
-r_ dx]Gb| ofbjn] ;u/dfyf cf/f]x0f ug{] 5g\ .
#= eljiot\ sfnsf k|To]s kIfsf kfr“ kf“r cf6] f jfSo n]Vg'xf;] \ .

l;h{gfTds cEof;
cfkmGtsf] lgwgdf n]lvg] ;djb] gf kqsf] gdg' f tof/ kfg'{xf];\ .

58 g]kfnL M sIff (

kf7 & lgb|f

!= >L # a8fdxf/fgLsf ¿kdf b/af/df lelqPsf] sx] L lbgd} afnsd' f/L bj] Ln] cfk\mgf klt
dxf/fh rGbz| dz/] df ulx/f] a]rg} L / 56k6fx6 bl] vg\ . rGbz| dz/] /ftL /fd/| L lgbfpg
;St}gy] . pgL lgb|fd} aa{/fpg], bf/f ls6\g] / PSsfl; lap“lemg] uy{] . kltsf] o:tf] Jojxf/
b]v]/ afns'df/Ln] Ps lbg rGb|zdz]/;“u elgg\, æxh'/ lsg /fd|/L lgbfO aS;Gg <
hfGgn] fO{ bv] fpg kfP xG' Yof] .Æ hjfkmdf rGbz| dz/] n] eg,] ædn} ] snsQfsf 7n' f 8fS6/x¿;u“
hr“ fO;s]sf] 5' . dnfO{ s'g} /fu] 5}g . lrGtf dfGg' kb{}g .Æ

@= rGb|zdz/] k|foM l/;fO/xGy] . pgL cfkmg\ f efO elthfx¿;u“ klg emsf]{kmsf{] u//] afN] y] .
pgL /fd|/L vfgf klg vf“bg} y] . pgsf] o:tf] afgL bv] ]/ afns'df/Ln] elgg,\ æxh/' lagl;QLdf
l/;fOalS;G5, emsfk]{ msf{] ul/alS;G5 . Toqf Toqf d'lVtof/, hªu\ Lnf7 eO;s]sf efOx¿nfO{
ufnL ul/alS;G5 . lsg xfn] f, d}n] t s]xL ae' m\g} ;lsg“ .Æ

#= afns'df/Lsf s'/f ;'g]/ rGb|zdz]/n] nfdf] ;':s]/f xfNb} eg], æv}, lsg xf] dnfO{
efOelthfx¿ bV] b} l/; p75\ . pgLx¿ s;}kl| t dnfO{ k6Ss} ljZjf; 5}g . logLx¿sf] sfd
/fd|f] 5g} . ;an} fO{ /f]nj|mddf dfly hfg' 5 . o:t} xf] eg] efl] n s] x'G5 eGg ;ls“b}g .Æ

$= ælar/f ¤ To:tf Odfgbf/ kmTo afan' fO { xhl' /ofaf6 x6fOaS:of ] . u]x]Gb| elthnfO{ oxf“ cfpg}
/fs] nufOaS;s] f] 5 . bfOn] dnfO{ ufnL ul//xgx' G' 5, o:t} xf] eg] Ps lbg /fhLgfdf lbP/
lx8“ \5' eg]/ eLd afa' eGg'xG' 5 /] . o;/L cfk\mg}nfO{ lr9fP/ s;/L /fhsfh ug{ ;lsG5
xf]nf / <Æ afnsd' f/Ln] elgg\ .

%= æltdL hfh/sf6] ] 7s/' LsL 5f/] L, g]kfn b/af/sf] ;a} s'/f yfxf kfPsL 5g} f} . hªu\ axfb/' n]
afw“ s] f] lyltdf oxL sdhf]/L 5, zf;gdf /xg]n] cfk\mg} efO elthf;“u 8/fpgk' 5{ . bfhk' l5
efOx¿df / efOx¿kl5 elthfx¿df /f]njm| d hfg] ePkl5 cfk\mg} efOelthf t zq' x“b' f

zAbfy{
a]r}gL M czflGt, Jofs'ntf
k|foM M w]/}h;f]
lagl;QLdf M lagfsf/0f, TolQs,} laTyfdf
dl' Vtof/ M kw| fgdGqL;/x clwsf/ kfPsf] JolSt
hª\uLnf7 M /f0ffzf;g sfnsf] ;g] f k|dv' , ;]gfklt
/f]nj|md M dflyNnf] kbdf hfg] kfnf]
/fhLgfdf M kb 5f8\g] sfd

g]kfnL M sIff ( 59

/x]5g\ . /0ff]4Lk, huthªsf zq' sf] eP < b]j bfOsf zq' sf] eP < ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5}g
/ < To;n} ] dn} ] kmTonfO{ xhl' /ofaf6 lgsfn]sf] xf] . ltdLn] c;n eg]sf] ux] G] b| sd 3dG8L
5 < Pp6f dl] ;gug s] agfPsf] lyof,] cfkmn" fO{ gk] fns} klxnf] j}1flgs eG7fG5 . cl:t
To;n] dnfO{ b]vfpg xf]Og, t;f{pgsf nflu k:] tf]n afs] /] cfPsf] xf] .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .

^= afnsd' f/Ln] elgg,\ æxh'/sf] grflx“bf] zªs\ f dfq xf] . dnfO{ xh/' sf efO elthfaf6 To:tf]
sg' } vt/f 5 h:tf] nfUbg} . cgfjZos zª\sfn' afgLn] ubf{ xh'/nfO{ vfg g?r]sf] xf],
lgbf| gcfPsf] xf] . zªs\ fn] nª\sf hnfp5“ eG5g\ . w/] } zª\sfn] ubf{ b'AnfP/ l;67\ f]
eOaS:of] . xh/' nfO{ yfxf 5, s/' f sf6g\ ]x¿ xh'/nfO{ lkm:6] dxf/fh eg]/ x“:;L dhfs
u5{g\ /] .Æ

&= jL/zdz]/ / b]jzdz]/sf xhl' /of eP/ sfd u/]sf kmTohªnfO{ rGb|zdz]/n] klg ;?' df
cfkm\ gf] xhl' /of agfPsf lyP . kl5 v} s] 7fg/] pgnfO{ xhl' /ofaf6 avf:{ t u/] . of] avf:{ tL;u“ }
lk/ / lrGtfdf 8'a]sf kmTohªsf] Ps lbg crfgs d[To' eof] . ptf ux] ]Gbz| dz]/ klg Ps
a]n'sL /S;Lsf] Ps 36' s\ f] lkpgf;fy a]xf]; eP/ d/] . o;/L bj] zdz]/nfO{ kbRo't u/L
rGb|zdz]/nfO{ ;Qfdf k'¥ofpg ;xof]u ug{] kmTo / ux] ]Gbs| f] /x:odo d[To' eof] . pgLx¿
bj' s} f] dT[ o' rGbz| dz/] s} sf/0f ePsf] xf] eGg] ufOu“ O' “ xNnf rNof] . o:tf] xNnf afnsd' f/Ln]
klg ;l' gg\ t/ cfkm\ gf] >Ldfg;\ u“ ;fW] g] cf6“ eg] ul/gg\ . ptf rGbz| dz/] sf] ar] g} L p:t} lyof] .

*= Ps lbg rGbz| dz/] n] lqe'jg rGb| -lq rGb_| snh] sf] pb\3f6g u/] . æsn]h vfn] ]/ d}n]
cfk\mgf v'6\6fdf cfk}m“n] aGr/f] xfg]“ .Æ lbp“;f] efif0fdf eg]sf] s'/f pgn] a]n'sf /fgL
afnsd' f/L;“u klg bf]xf]¥ofP .

(= ædxf/fh klg s:tf] s'/f ul/aS;G5 ¤ sn]h vf]n]/ t emg \ /fd|f] eof] lg, ca xfd|f dfG5n] ]
k9\g kfpg] eP .Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .

!)= æToxL k9\g kfp5“ g\ / s/' f] lalu|G5 lg . k9] nv] s] f lzlIftx¿n] ;;+ f/df s] s:tf zf;g
Joj:yf 5g\ eGg] yfxf kfp5“ g\ . clxn] ;+;f/el/ xfdf| ] h:tf] kfl/jfl/s / hxflgof zf;gsf

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (
xh'l/of M /f0ff sfndf >L # sf] ;fydf /xg] kd| v' JolSt
zªs\ fn' M zª\sf ug]{ afgL ePsf]
l;6\7f] M bA' nfP/ jf ;'s]/ xf8 5fnf dfq /xs] f]
lkm:6] M lkm:6f] h:tf] ;fgf], ;fgf sbsf,] bA' nf]
avf{:t M lgsfnf, vf/]h
kbRo't M kbaf6 x6fpg] sfd

60

lj?4 k|hftflGqs cfGbfn] g rNb} 5 . oxfs“ f k9n] v] s] fx¿ klg To:tf] cfGbfn] glt/ cfslift{
x'g ;S5g\ . To:tf] eof] eg] /f0ff jz+ sf] zf;g ;dfKt x'g s] a]/ / ¤Æ rGbz| dz/] n ] nfdf]
;:' s/] f xfn/] eg] .

!!= æolb To:tf] lyof] eg] lsg snh] vfN] gk' ¥of] t <Æ afnsd' f/Ln] elgg\ .

!@= æd}n] v';Ln] sn]h vf]n]sf] xf] t ¤ xfd|} vns nf}g xfd|f 5f]/fx¿ lau|], k9\g kfPgg\
eG5g\ . ptf cª\u|]h ;/sf/sf hf;] 's}nfO{ e]6\bf klg Pp6f shn] t vf]nL alS;g k¥of]
dxf/fh eG5g\ . slt bafa ;xg' < h] t knf{ eg/] vfn] s] f] lg .Æ rGbz| dz]/n] knªdf
klN6“b} eg] .

!#= rGb|zdz]/n] cfk\mgf 5f]/fx¿sf] /f]nj|mdnfO{ klg ;'/lIft kf/] . pgn] l5d]sL ef/tdf
/x]sf] cª\uh]| ;/sf/;“u /fdf| ] ;DaGw agfP . klxnf] ljZjo4' df nfvf“} g]kfnL oj' fx¿nfO{
k7fPafkt pgsf] lghL sf]ifdf nfvf}“ gub hDdf eof] . pgn] cGt/fl{ i6o« :t/sf ljei" f0f
klg kfP . pgn] l;kfxL / lkkfx¿nfO{ v6fP/ l;+x b/af/ agfP / /fHosfi] faf6 b'O{ s/f8]
?lkof“ lnP . pgn] s/f]8f}“ d"Nosf ;g' , rfb“ L, lx/fx¿ clg s/f]8f“} ?lkof“ ljbz] L a}ªs\ df hDdf
u/] . Tolt xb“' f klg pgsf] a]r}g / 56k6L x6g] , a? a9b\ } uof] .

!$= rGb|zdz/] sf] ar] g} L / 56k6fx6 w/] } a9s] f] bv] L Ps a]ns' f afnsd' f/Ln] elgg,\ æca t clt
eof ] dxf/fh, Ps k6s snsQfaf6 8fS6/nfO { lemsfP/ b]vfpg] xf] ls ¤Æ

!%= æ8fS6/n] lgsf ] kfg {] /f]u eP t snsQfaf6 xfO] g, nG8gaf6 } lemsfpg ;lsG5 lg ¤ nG8gd}
uP/ pkrf/ u/ ] klg x'G5, t/ d]/f ] of] /fu] s'g} 8fS6/n ] pkrf/ ug { ;Stg} ¤Æ rGbz| dz]/n ]
nfdf] ;:' s/] f xfNb} eg] .

!^= ædxf/fh, xh/' cfk\mgf] ;Qf c;/' lIft 5 eg]/ 8/fOaS;]sf] xf] . of] xh/' sf] e|d dfq
xf] . xfdL lj?4 s;n] if8o\ Gq ug{ ;S5 / < /f]nj|mddf /xs] f eLd / h'4 afax' ¿n] To:tf]
ug { ;Sg ] sg' } ;Defjgf 5}g . clg lsg lrGtf lnO/xgk' ¥of ] ¤Æ afnsd' f/Ln] elgg\ .

!&= æxf] dxf/fgL, clxn] s;}n] klg xfd|f lj?4 sx] L ug{ ;Stg} eGg] dnfO{ yfxf 5 . ca dnfO{
lhpb“ f efOelthfx¿;u“ s'g} 8/ 5g} . d/]sf a8fafp, bfOefO / elthfx¿;u“ eg] ;fx}|
8/fpg yfns] f] 5' . ;kgfdf dnfO{ /0ff]åLk cfP/ ufnL u5{g\ . huthªx¿ cfP/ 8/

zAbfy{
cfslif{t M nfl] ePsf], e'mlDdPsf], cfkm" lt/ tflgPsf]
ljei" f0f M cnª\sf/, cfe"if0f
lkkf M ;]gfnfO{ sfddf ;3fpg] tNnf] txsf] hflu/]
/fHosf]if M ;/sf/L 9's6' L, /fHosf] cfDbfgL hDdf xg' ] 7fp“

gk] fnL M sIff ( 61

bv] fp“5g\ . Tolt dfq xf]Og, ux] ]Gb| / kmTox¿ cf}“nf] 78\ofp“5g\ . s[i0fnfn ‘ds}sf] v]tL’
lstfa bv] fpb“ } dnfO{ lvHofp5“ g\ . ljZjo4' df dfl/Psf nfvf“} dflg;x¿ cfP/ xfd|f] Hofg
a]r/] slt sdfO;\ eg/] dnfO{ ;tfp“5g\ <Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .

!*= æleqL dgdf n'ss] f s/' f ;kgfdf b]lvG5 eG5g\ . xh/' ltg} dfG5]sf af/d] f ;fl] ralS;G5
xfn] f, clg ;kgfdf cfp5“ g\ . la;{g' Sof ltgLx¿nfO{ .Æ afnsd' f/Ln] elgg\ .

!(= æla;{g t vfH] 5' lg t/ sxf “ ;S5' / ¤ zlSt, ;Qf / ;DklQ g} ;a} yf]s eGg] 7flgof]
/ dfGohg klg elgPg, cfkmGt klg elgPg . clxn] ;Dem“ bf 8/ nfU5, d/k] l5 odbt" n]
l3;fb{} g/s nh} fG5g\ xf]nf h:tf] nfU5 . bfg blIf0ff / kf7k"hf t u/s] f 5f}“ t/ To;n] ;a}
s/' fsf] k|folZrQ unf{ h:tf] nfUb}g .Æ rGb|zdz]/n] eg] .

@)= æxh/' g/fdf| s'/f dfq} ;fl] raS;G5 . cfkm" n] u/]sf /fd|f sfd klg t 5g,\ ltgnfO{ ;Dem]/
9'Ss eOaS:of;] \ g .Æ afns'df/Ln] elgg\ .

@!= æv} vfln efO elthfn] if8\oGq unf{g\ ls eGg] qf;df /lxof] . oqf] >L # dxf/fhf ePkl5
clnslt ;DklQsf] hf]xf] ug'{k5{ eg/] Totflt/ Wofg uof] . kl5;Dd sLlt{ /fVg] sfdlt/ t
Wofg} uPg5 . wGg ;tL k|yf x6fpg] Pp6f /fdf| ] sfd ul/P5 / dfq, gq Oltxf;df snª\s}
snª\s afS] g'kg{] /x]5 .Æ rGb|zdz/] n] pbf; eP/ eg] .

@@= æ;tL ky| f x6fpg] h:t } c¿ /fd|f sfd klg t ug { ;lsG5 lg ¤ xh/' n ] ug { rfx]sf] sfd
s;n} ] /f]Sg ;Sg] xf]Og Sof/] ¤Æ afns'df/Ln ] elgg\ .

@#= æof] t l7s} eGof} . o; ;DaGwdf d/] f dgdf klg s'/f v]Ng yfn]sf 5g\ . cd]l/sfdf bf;ky| f
x6fPsfdf caf| xd lnª\sgsf] sqf] OHht 5 . ef/tdf klg of] k|yf xl6;Sof] . ;+;f/af6} bf;
k|yf x6g\ 'k5{ eg]/ cGt/f{li6o« ¿kdf :ne] sld;g klg ags] f] 5 eGg] ;G' b} 5' . ca xfdLn]
of] ky| f /flv/fVof“} eg] ;;+ f/el/ xfdf| ] a]OHht klg x'G5 . To;n} ] ca bf; ky| f t x6fpg} k5{
t/ bf; dflnsx¿ l/;fpnfg\ ls eGg] 8/ 5 .Æ rGb|zdz/] n] eg] .

zAbfy{
k|folZrt M kfk jf ck/fwsf] bf]if d]6fpg] sfo{
if8\oGq M 5nsk6, hfne]mn, csf{sf] clgi6 ug]{ ufK] o rfnafhL
;tL ky| f M >Ldfg\sf] nf;;u“ } hn/] dg{] k/Dk/f
snª\s M bfi] f, bfu, nf~5gf
bf; k|yf M 3/n] ' sfdbf/sf nflu dflg;sf] lsgar] u/]/ sfddf nufpg] k/Dk/f
:n]e sld;g M /fi6« ;ª\3n] ljZjaf6 bf;k|yf x6fpgsf nflu ;g\ !(@# df agfPsf] cfofu]

62 g]kfnL M sIff (

@$=æbf; dflnsx¿ lsg l/;fpg'
lg¤ bO' { rf/ ;o lbP/ k:' tf “} k:' tf;Dd
sfd nufpg kfPsf 5g\ . cem} slt
sfd nufO{ /fVgk' g{] pgLx¿nfO{ ¤Æ
afnsd' f/Ln] elgg\ .

@%= æTo;f] geg, bf; dflns eg]sf ;a}
xfd|f dfG5] x'g\, pgLx¿nfO{ klg
lr9fpg' x'b“ g} . /fHosf]ifaf6 Ifltkl" t{
lbP/ eP klg of] ky| f rflx“ x6fpgk' 5{
Sof/] .Æ rGbz| dz/] n] eg] .

@^= >L # rGbz| dz/] n] 6l“' 8vn] df cfofl] ht
;df/fx] df g]kfnaf6 bf; dS' t ePsf]
3f]if0ff u/] . kzk' ltgfysf] 9's'6Laf6
5lQ; nfv ;Q/L xhf/ ?k}of“ lems]/ dflnsx¿nfO{ bf;bf;Lsf] d"No r'Stf ul/of] . o;/L
g]kfnel/af6 pgG;f7L xhf/ cf7 ;o lqkGg bf;bf;Lx¿ d'St eP .

@&= bf;k|yf pGdn" gsf] 3f]if0ffkl5 rGbz| dz]/ cfgGbn] lgbfpg yfn] . 5o\ fªu\ pHofnf] xb“' f;Dd
klg pgL d:t lgbfO/xs] f xG' y] . rGbz| dz]/;u“ afnsd' f/Lsf] lax] eP/ cfPsf] b'O{ bzs
eof] . o; lardf klxnf] k6s rGbz| dz]/ o;/L cfgGbn] lgbfPsf] bv] /] afns'df/L v;' L
eOg\ . o:tf] bv] /] pgn] dgdg} elgg,\ æ;v' / ;Gt'li6 eGg] s/' f ;DklQ, kb / k|lti7faf6
xg} , c;n sfdaf6 kf| Kt x“b' f] /x]5 .Æ

zAbfy{

pGdn" g M h/}b]lv pv]Ng] lj|mof
k|lti7f M dfg, sLlt{, oz, uf}/j

gk] fnL M sIff ( 63

cEof;

;g' fO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] / bf;] f| ] cg'R5b] ;G' g'xf];\ / l7s a]l7s 56' o\ fpgx' f];\ M

-s_ afns'df/L bj] L >L % a8fdxf/fgLsf ¿kdf b/af/df lelqPsL lyOg\ .
-v_ afnsd' f/Ln] rGbz| dz]/df ulx/f] ar] g} L / 56k6fx6 b]lvg\ .
-u_ rGbz| dz]/ lgbf| d} aa{/fpg,] bf/f ls6g\ ] / PSsfl; lap“lemg] uy]{ .
-3_ rGb|zdz/] n] gk] fnsf 7n' f 8fS6/x¿;“u h“rfO;s]sf lyP .
-ª_ rGb|zdz]/ d'lVtof/, hªu\ Lnf7 eO;s]sf efOx¿nfO{ ufnL uy]{ .
@= kf7sf] t];f| ] / rf}yf] cg'R5b] ;'Gg'xf];\ / tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M
-s_ rGb|zdz]/ efOelthf;“u s;/L afN] y] <
-v_ lsg rGb|zdz]/df efOx¿k|lt ljZjf; lyPg <
-u_ rGbz| dz/] n] kmTo / ux] ]Gb|nfO{ s] s] u/] <
-3_ rGb|zdz/] / ux] ]Gb|zdz/] sf lardf s:tf] gftf ;DaGw lyof] <
-ª_ eLdzdz/] n] lsg /fhLgfdf lbG5' eg]sf lyP <
#= kf7sf] ;ftf“} cg'R5]b >'ltn]vg ugx'{ f];\ .
af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] z4' pRrf/0f ug{x' f;] \ M
aa{/fpg,' dl' Vtof/, zªs\ fn', avf{:t, kbRot' , /x:odo, ufO“uO' “, cfslift{ , ljei" f0f, if8\oGq,
snª\s, lr9fpg', 9's'6L, pGd"ng, k|lti7f
@= kf7sf cf7f},“ gjf}“ / b;f“} cgR' 5]bsf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ rGb|zdz]/n] s'g sn]hsf] pb\3f6g u/] <
-v_ sn]hsf] pb\3f6gdf rGb|zdz]/n] s] eg] <
-u_ afns'df/Lsf cg';f/ sn]h vf]Nbf lsg /fd|f] xG' 5 <
64 g]kfnL M sIff (

-3_ k9n] ]vs] f lzlIftx¿ s] yfxf kfp5“ g\ <
-ª_ /f0ff jz+ sf] zf;g ;dfKt xg' ] sf/0f s] xf] <

#= kf7sf] ;qf}“ cg'R5b] df pNn]v ePsf kfqx¿ rGb|zdz]/sf ;kgfdf lsg cfPsf xf]nfg\ <
;d"xdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ / 5nkmnaf6 lgsflnPsf] lgisif{ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf;] \ .

$= tkfO{n“ ] ;g' s] f] jf k9s] f] s'g} syf ;fyLnfO{ 5f6] s/Ldf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

k9fO

!= kf7sf cg'R5]bx¿ xfpefp;lxt kfn}kfnf] k9g\ 'xf];\ .

@= kf7sf t]/f“}b]lv ;f]/f}“ cgR' 5]b;Dd k9]/ rf/ cf]6f a'b“ f l6kL ;f/f+z n]Vg'xf];\ .

#= kf7sf c7f/fb“} l] v PSsfO;f}“ cg'R5]b;Dd k9L sg' } kfr“ cf]6f kZ| g agfpg'xf];\ .

$= kf7sf afO;fb“} ]lv clGtd cg'R5]b;Dd k9L dV' o d'Vo 36gf l6Kg'xf;] \ .

%= tnsf] n3s' yf k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

kmf6s] f] d}nf] n'uf nufPsf] Ps dfUg] vfnL v'6\6fdf Ps gj wgf9o\ sxf“ dfUb} kU' of] . gj
wgf9o\ n] Ps d7' L leIff lbg'sf] ;6\6f Ps hf]/ gof“ n'uf g} lbof] .
dfUgn] ] ;6{ p7fP/ x]¥of] / ToxL“ /fVof], hxf“af6 p7fPsf] lyof] . KofG6 p7fof], x¥] of] / ToxL“
/fVof] . To;/L cfkm"n] lbPsf] ;fdfgnfO{ lt/:sf/ u/]sf] 7fgL wgL JolStn] s8\s/] eGof],
æxg} , s] vf]h]sf] tn}“ ] < dfUg lx“8g\ ,] lbPsf] glng] <Æ
dfUg]n] ;s?0f eGof], ædflns, dnfO{ a;\, Ps k]6 cGg rflxPsf] 5, h;n] k]6 eg{
;s“" . oltsf nu' f nufP/ lx8“ ] dnfO{ s;n] lbG5 kml] / < To;n} ] oL nu' f nufpg afWo u/fP/
d/] f] k]6df nft lsg xfGg'x'G5 < d}n] xh/' sf] s] kf] la/fPsf] 5' / <Æ
-slkn nfld5fg], ‘dfUg]’ zLifs{ sf] n3'syfaf6_
-s_ dfUg]nfO{ wgL JolStn] s] lbof] <
-v_ wgf9\o JolStn] lbPsf] s/' f dfUgn] ] lsg lng dfg]g <
-u_ dfUg]n] wgf9\o JolStnfO{ ‘d/] f] k]6df nft lsg xfGgx' 'G5 <’ eGgs' f] tfTko{ s] xf] <
-3_ dflysf] cgR' 5]bdf /v] fªl\ st zAbx¿sf] cy{ s] s] xg' \ <
-ª_ o; n3s' yfaf6 tkfOn{“ ] s:tf] ;Gb]z kfpg'eof] <

g]kfnL M sIff ( 65

^= kf7sf] kf“rf“} / 56} f“} cgR' 5b] k9g\ 'xf;] \ / hf]8f ldnfpgx' f];\ M

afns'df/L b]jL ‘lkm:6] dxf/fh’ eg/] x:“ ;L dhfs u5g{ \

kmTo hfh/sf]6] 7s/' LsL 5f]/L

hª\uaxfb/' n] af“w]sf] lylt xh'l/ofaf6 lgsflnPsf]

s/' f sf6\gx] ¿ dl] ;g ug agfpg]

b'AnfP/ cfkm\g} efO, elthf;“u 8/fpgk' 5{

ux] ]Gb| l;67\ f] eOaS:of]
nv] fO

!= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ 5f]6s/Ldf nV] g'xf;] \ M

-s_ lax] eP/ cfPsf] sx] L lbgd} afnsd' f/L bj] Ln] rGbz| dz/] sf af/d] f s] s'/f yfxf kfOg\ <
-v_ rGbz| dz/] cfk\mgf efOelthfx¿;“u s:tf] Jojxf/ uy]{ <
-u_ rGbz| dz/] nfO{ lsg cfk\mg} efOelthfk|lt zª\sf lyof] <
-3_ rGbz| dz/] n] s;/L cfkm\gf] zf;gnfO{ alnof] agfPsf lyP <
-ª_ rGbz| dz/] nfO{ ;kgfdf ss;n] s] s] uy]{ <

@= lzIfsnfO{ ;f]w/] ;tL ky| fsf af/]df Ps cg'R5b] n]Vg'xf;] \ .

#= efjlj:tf/ ug'{xf;] \ M

-s_ hª\uaxfb'/n] af“w]sf] lyltdf oxL sdhf/] L 5, zf;gdf /xg]n] cfkmg\ } efO elthf;u“
8/fpg'k5{ .

-v_ snh] vfn] /] dn} ] cfk\mgf v'66\ fdf cfkm} “n] aGr/f] xfg]“ .
-u_ zlSt, ;Qf / ;DklQ g} ;a} yf]s eGg] 7flgof] / dfGohg klg elgPg, cfkmGt

klg elgPg .
-3_ ;v' / ;Gt'li6 eGg] s/' f ;DklQ, kb / k|lti7faf6 xg} , c;n sfdaf6 kf| Kt x“b' f]

/x5] .

66 gk] fnL M sIff (

$= kf7sf] ;f/ nV] g'xf;] \ / sIffdf k|:tt' ugx{' f];\ .

%= cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSo agfpgx' f];\ M

a]r}gL, lagfl;QLdf, /f]njm| d, /fhLgfdf, kbRo't, cfslift{ , lje"if0f, k|folZrQ, if8\oGq, pGd"ng,
kl| ti7f

^= lgDg lnlvt cg's/0ffTds zAbx¿sf] k|ofu] u/L jgef]h hfb“ fsf] cge' j nV] g'xf];\ M

h'?Ss, ;/f;/, 9sdSs, ykSs, v'?Ss, snsn, vnvnL, x'?Ss, vnan, lr/la/,
;/{;/{

&= kf7af6 xnGt ko| fu] ePsf zAbx¿ vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf];\ .

*= kf7sf zAbfy{ k9L pxL cy{ cfpg] zAb vfh] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpgx' f];\ .

(= kf7 k9b\ f bfx] f]/f] p4/0f lrx\gsf] k|of]udf Wofg lbg'xf;] \ / o:tf] lrxg\ ko| f]u u/L 5f6] f] ;j+ fb
nV] gx' f];\ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] cgR' 5b] df jtd{ fg sfn hgfpg] ljm| ofkbnfO{ /v] fª\sg ul/Psf] 5, ltgnfO{ e"tsfndf
¿kfGt/0f u/L sfkLdf ;fg{x' f];\ M

;'bz{g / :jl:tsf pl7;s]sf 5g\ . clxn] pgLx¿ vfhf vfb“ } 5g\ . hl] g; / cfzt' f]if klg
cfv“ f ldRb} p75\ g\ . ;h' g / oh' g sk8f nufpb“ } 5g\ . s?0ff / gf/fo0f l7s kl/;ss] f 5g\ .
clgtf, kl| g;f, kt| Ls / ;lrg klg hDdf xG' 5g\ . ;a} ldn/] Ps} l5gdf rflxg] ;fdfgsf]
ef/L nufp5“ g\ . kh' g Sofd/] f af]S5g\ . d'gfn lutf/ le5{g\ . cfh pgLx¿ jgefh]
hf“b} 5g\ . ;as} f] rx] /fdf v';L bl] vG5 .

@= tnsf] cg'R5]b k9L /v] fªs\ g ul/Psf lj|mofkbnfO{ ;fdfGo jtd{ fg, ck0" f{ jtd{ fg / k"0f{
jtd{ fg sfnsf cnu cnu tflnsfdf /fVgx' f];\ M

8f]Ndf, /v] f, xl;gf / zflGt d/] f ldNg] ;fyL xg' \ -;fdfGo jtd{ fg_ . ;'lDgdf, lrqnv] f,
xfsd' fof;u“ klg d ;f/} ldN5' -;fdfGo jtd{ fg_ . pgLx¿ klg d;u“ c;fWo} ldN5g\ -;fdfGo
jtd{ fg_ . cd/z] , /fdsi[ 0f, ;j' f;, ;lnd, ci6dfg, k|jL0f, kf;fª, ofu] ]Gb|x¿;u“ xfdL ;“u}
k9\b} 5f}“ -ck0" f{ jt{dfg_ . pgLx¿ klg d]/f /fd|f ;fyL aGb} 5g\ -ck0" f{ jt{dfg_ . xfdLx¿
dr] Lb]lv dxfsfnL;Dd clg lxdfn, kxf8, dw;] , t/fO{ ;al} t/sf 5f}“ -;fdfGo jt{dfg_ . hft,
;:+ sf/, dft[efiff, ji] fe"iff cnu cnu eP klg xfdL ;a} gk] fnL xf“} eGg] xfdLn] yfxf kfPsf
5f}“ -k"0f{ jtd{ fg_ . o;}n] xfdL ;a} cfk;df ldn]/ a;s] f 5f“} -k0" f{ jt{dfg_ . Ps csf{sf]
efjgfsf] sb/ u/s] f 5f}“ . -k"0f{ jt{dfg_

g]kfnL M sIff ( 67

#= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5b] nfO{ ;fdfGo jt{dfg sfndf abnL kg' n{]vg ug{x' f];\ .

$= kf7sf] tO] ;f“} cgR' 5b] nfO{ ck"0f{ jtd{ fg sfndf abnL kg' n{v] g ugx{' f;] \ .

%= kf7sf] 5lAa;f“} cg'R5]bnfO{ k0" f{ jt{dfg sfndf abnL kg' n]{vg ug{'xf];\ .

^= sfi] 7sdf lbPsf] ;ªs\ t] cg;' f/ vfnL 7fp“ egx{' f];\ M

-s_ h;bLk k9fOsf ;fy;fy} 3/sf] sfddf klg ;xofu] ==== . -u/\ – ;fdfGo jtd{ fg_
-v_ sl[ tsf sIff ( df =================================== . -k9\ – ck"0f{ jt{dfg_
-u_ cfªsfhL cfh sf7df8f“} ============================= . -hf – k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-3_ n5d' lgof“ labfsf lbg nl' DagL ====================== . -3'd\ – ;fdfGo jtd{ fg_
-ª_ dx]z uLt =============================================== . -ufp – ck0" f{ jtd{ fg_
-r_ vflnbfn] lrq =========================================== . -sf]/\ – k"0f{ jt{dfg_

&= tnsf] cg'R5]baf6 ljzi] f0f / ljm| ofkb 5fgL cnu cnu tflnsfdf nV] gx' f;] \ M

xfdL u'/f“;] kfvflt/ nfUof}“ . psfnf] af6f], df6] f] dfG5]nfO{ psfnf] af6f] r9\g w]/} ufxf| ]
x“b' f]/x5] , sx] L lzIfsnfO{ ;f/} ufx|f] eof] . afs“ L xfdL b'Anf, kftnf eP klg km'ltn{ f lyof“,}
vf;} ufxf| ] ePg . kfv}el/ /ftf u/' f;“ kmn' ]sf clg ;fgf, 7'nf / /ªu\ Llj/ªu\ L r/fr?' ªu\ Lsf]
lr/la/fx6n] ubf{ dg} cfgGb eof] . 8f“8fsf] lzv/df kU' bf rK] 6f, yK] rf, nfDrf, ufn] f, sfnf,
/ftf ljleGg cfsf/ / /ªsf 9ª' u\ fx¿ yk' f//] agfPsf] bp] /fnLnfO{ k"mnkftL / ;]tf sk8fsf]
Wjhf r9fof“} . lzv/df kU' bf xfdLnfO{ 7n' f] ljho xfl;n u/]sf] dx;;' eof] .

*= ;dx" ;d"x agfO{ kf7af6 ljz]if0f zAbx¿ 5fGg'xf];\ / sIffdf k|:tt' ug{x' f;] \ .

(= kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5]bdf ko| f]u ePsf lj|mofkbx¿ jfSodf k|of]u u/L sfkLdf ;fg{'xf];\ .

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

!= tnsf] n3s' yfdf ko| fu] ePsf d'Vo 36gf, kfq / kl/jz] sf af/d] f 5f]6f] j0fg{ u/L sIffdf
k|:tt' ug'{xf;] \ M

bO' { hgf a6'jf au/dfly lx“8b\ } lyP . 3fd rjm{ “b} lyof] . Ps hgfn] 5ftf cf]9o\ f] . csf;{ “u
5ftf lyPg t/ p;n] h'Qf nufPsf] lyof] . 5ftf xg' ;] u“ hQ' f lyPg . sx] L a]/kl5 3fdsf]
/fkn] afnj' f a:] ;/L tfTof] . 5ftf xg' s] f] kt} fnf eTetL kfN] g yfNof] . p;n] cfkm\ gf] ;xofqLnfO{
eGof,] æafn'jfn] ;fx|} kf]Ng yfNof] . dnfO{ Psl5g ltd|f] hQ' f bp] m . d ltdLnfO{ d/] f] 5ftf
lbG5' .Æ

68 gk] fnL M sIff (

h'Qfjfnfn] cfk\mgf] hQ' f km'sfn]/ ;fyLnfO{ lbof] / 5ftf cf9] ]/ vfnL v6' 6\ f afn'jfdfly lx“8g\
yfNof] . kfr“ b; kfOnf lx8“ b\ f glx8“ b\ } pm cflQof] / eGof,] æef] ltdf| ] 5ftf ltdL g} cf9] , d/] f]
h'Qf b]pm . hQ' f geO{ d Ps kfOnf klg lx“8\g ;lSbg“ .Æ ljr/f 5ftfjfnf ;ªs\ 6df
k¥of] / p;n] eGof], æs:tf] crDd, 3fd a? ;xg ;lsG5 . t/ ToxL 3fdn] tft]sf] afn'jfnfO{
;xg ;lsGg .Æ

tL b'O{ a6'jfsf] s'/f ;l' g/x]sf] afnj' fn] 3dG8n] k'mNb} ;"o{nfO{ x]¥of] / lrRofof], æb]Vof}
d/] f] zlSt < ltdL hlt s8f eP klg dflg;nfO{ kfN] g ;Sbg} f} . d}n] dfG5]sf] ;ftf] lng ;S5' .Æ

of] ;g' /] ;"o{ d';'Ss xf“:of] / afbnleq k:of] . a6'jfx¿n] rg} sf] ;f; km/] ] . sx] L a]/d} afnj' f
;n] fof] . a6'jfx¿ cf/fd;fy cufl8 a9] .

-ljgosd' f/ s;h," ‘;"o{ / afnj' f’ n3'syf_

@= cfkm" n] k9]sf] jf ;'g]sf] Pl] txfl;s 36gfdf cfwfl/t eP/ 5f6] f] syf n]Vgx' f;] \ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 69

kf7 * j;Gt sfl] sn – nv] gfy kf}8o\ fn

e/L ntf jI[ f ljif] 6gf6g
gjLg nfvf}“ km' n kfnj' fsg .
j;Gt cfof] sns07sf] ca
;'lgG5 ;fx}| sns07 uf/} j ..!..

cufl8 hf] bLg agL ns' Lsg
latfp“Yof] sj] n b'Mvdf lbg .
cxf ] ¤ pxL sfl] sn x]/ cfh of]
kd| f]bn] k"0f{ dxf;v' L eof] ..@..
a;L au“}rf lar df]hdf k/L
gof“ snLnf ;xsf/ d~h/L .
rkfp“b} d:t eP/ a];/L
sx' " sx' " ub{5 Tof] 3/L 3/L ..#..

zAbfy{ s07 M :j/
ntf M nx/f sfl] sn M sf]OnL
jI[ f M ?v kd| fb] M cfgGb
ljif] M df, dfly ;xsf/ M cf“ksf] ?v
6gf6g M el/e/fp d~h/L M d'h'/f, kfn'jf
kfn'jf M slnnf kft
j;Gt M r}t j}zfv dlxgfdf kg{] Ct' g]kfnL M sIff (
sns07 M sfO] nL
sn M sf]dn

70

rnL/x]sf] 5 l;/Ll;/L xjf
emn' L/x5] g\ ;a d~h' kfnj' f .
htf lbof] b[li6 pt} ;'vL dg
kd| f]bn] k0" f{ gxf;] Tof] lsg ..$..
;dL/n] k'ik–k/fusf] em/L
nufp“bf Tof] /; /ª\udf k/L .
emn' L /xs] f] 5 z/L/ a];/L
d'5]/ tx] L /hdf 3/L3/L ..%..
lkP/ ;f˜˜gGb /;fnsf] /;
3'dfp“b} g]q bj' } dbf˜˜n; .
;xif{ vfn] L ;l' /nf] unfsg
3gSs 3Gsfp5“ Tof] ;a} jg ..^..
3/L3/L e'/{ p8L cnLslt
3'd]/ zfvfGt/df otfplt .
a8f] axf8L /l;s} agL txf“
9nLdnL ub5{ kfnj' f dxf“ ..&..

zAbfy{ ;f˜˜gGb M cfgGb;“u
d~h' M dgfx] / /;fn M cfk“ jf s6x/sf] /;, ld7f] /;
b[li6 M cfv“ f dbf˜˜n; M dbn] n67\
;dL/ M xfjf unf M efsf, no
k/fu M ;'uGw axf8L M km/fl;nf]
/ª\u M gzf /l;s M dg k|;Gg kfg{]
/h M ki' k k/fu
71
gk] fnL M sIff (

g zLt afwf g t 3fdsf] 8/ r'rf] 78o\ fO{sg r66\ d~h/L
g afu gªu\ f, g t j[li6sf] lk/ . 7ª' \u/] RofkLsg b]lvg] u/L .
j;Gtsf] uf/} jn] u/Lsg km/Ss kmsG{ 5 3/L kl5lNt/
v';L 5 ;fx|} sns07sf] dg ..(.. k|;Ggtf ;fy ntfl/ kR' 5/ ..*..

zAb / cy{ -nflnTo, efu !_
zLt M lr;f]
afu M aur“} f
gª\uf M gfª\uf]
j[li6 M jiff{

cEof;

;'gfO
!= ‘j;Gt sfl] sn’ sljtf ;'g/] To;}cg';f/ kfn}kfnf] jfrg ug'x{ f];\ .
@= sljtfsf] klxnf] / bf;] f| ] Znf]s ;G' gx' f;] \ / To;sf cfwf/df lgDg k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ ?v tyf nx/fdf j;Gt Ctd' f s:tf] kl/jt{g cfp“5 <
-v_ sf]OnLn] j;Gt Cts' f] zfe] f s;/L a9fp5“ <
-u_ j;Gt Ct'eGbf klxn] sf]OnL cfk\mgf lbg s;/L latfpY“ of] <
-3_ sfO] nL j;Gt Ctn' fO{ sg' ¿kdf lnG5 <
#= sljtfsf] t;] |f] / rfy} f] Znf]s >l' tnv] g ugx'{ f;] \ .

72 g]kfnL M sIff (

af]nfO

!= tnsf zAb pRrf/0f ug'{xf;] \ M

sns07, /;/ªu\ , k|;Ggtf, j[li6, zfvfGt/

@= tnsf zAb k|ofu] u//] ;fyL;“u sfO] nLsf af/]df s'/f ugx'{ f;] \ M

;f/}, sj] n, dfh] , z/L/, rR' rf]

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M

-s_ ‘j;Gt sfl] sn’ sljtfsf slj sf] xg' \ <
-v_ sljtfdf s'g Znf]s a9L /fdf| ] nfUof] / lsg <
-u_ sljtfsf] zLifs{ ‘j;Gt sfl] sn’ slQsf] pkoS' t 5 / lsg <
-3_ sljn] sf]OnLnfO{ s] s] gfd lbPsf 5g\ <

$= kf7sf cfwf/df j;Gt Ct'df b]lvg] kl/jtg{ sf af/d] f ;dx" df 5nkmn ug'{xf;] \ .

k9fO

!= ‘6gf6g’, ‘kfn'jfsg’ h:tf cg'k|f;oS' t zAb kf7af6 vfh] ]/ lzIfsnfO{ eGg'xf;] \ .

@= sljtfsf] rfy} f] Znfs] sf kªl\ St k9/] pbfx/0fcg;' f/ uBdf nV] gx' f;] \ / sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f;] \ .

pbfx/0f M xfjf l;l/l;/L rln/x]sf] 5 .

#= kf7sf ;ftf“} / cf7f}“ Znf]s k9L tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ sfO] nLn] cfkm\gf] k|;GgtfnfO{ s;/L JoSt u/]sf] 5 <

-v_ ‘zfvfGt/’ ‘axf8L’, ‘/l;s’, ‘kfnj' f’ / ‘d~h/L’ zAbsf] cy{ s] xf] <

-u_ ‘e/' ’{ , ‘r6\6’, ‘km/Ss’ oL cg's/0ffTds zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|of]u ug{'xf;] \ .

-3_ ‘3l/3l/’, 9lndnL h:t} cGo kfr“ cf]6f låTj zAb lzIfs;“u ;fw] /] nV] g'xf;] \ .

-ª_ ;ftf}“ / cf7f“} Znf]ssf] d"n cfzo s] xf] <

$= kf7sf] kf“rf}“ / 5}6f“} Znf]s k9L 5f]6f] pQ/ cfpg] tLg cf6] f k|Zg lgdf{0f u/L sIffdf k:| t't
ug'{xf;] \ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 73

n]vfO

!= kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ nV] g'xf;] \ M

-s_ j;Gt Cts' f ljz]iftfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <

-v_ j;Gt Ctd' f sfO] nLsf lbg s;/L laT5g\ <

-u_ j;Gt Ct' sf]OnLsf nflu lsg /dfOnf] xG' 5 <

-3_ sf]OnLn] jgsf] zfe] f s;/L a9fp“5 <

-ª_ sljn] j;Gtsf] uf/} jsf ¿kdf s] s] s/' f pNn]v u/]sf 5g\ <

@= ;k|;ªu\ JofVof ug'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ rkfp“b} d:t eP/ a;] /L

s'xs" x' " ub5{ Tof] 3/L3/L .

-v_ j;Gtsf] uf/} jn] u/Lsg

v';L 5 ;fx}| sns07sf] dg .

#= sljn] ‘j;Gt sfl] sn’ sljtfdf k|s[ltsf] aofg sg' ¿kdf u/s] f 5g,\ lj:tf/kj" s{ n]Vgx' f;] \ .

$= ‘j;Gt sf]lsn’ sljtfsf] d'Vo efj n]Vg'xf];\ .

%= tnsf ljljw lsl;dsf zAbx¿nfO{ ;dx" ;d"xdf ldnL cy{ v'Ng] u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug{x' f;] \
/ sIffdf ;'gfpg'xf;] \ M

-c_ cg]sfys{ zAb

-s_ sn — dl] ;g, snx, sf]dn

-v_ lk/ — lrGtf, snx, lkg{] sfd u/

-u_ /h — wn' f], ki' k/fu, :qL/h

-cf_ >l' t;dleGgfys{ zAb

lbg — lbp;“ f] 3/L — 8f“7;lxtsf s]/fsf] sfOo“ fx¿sf] ;dx"

bLg — b'vL l;t — ;“u

3l/ — k6s zLt — lr;f]

74 g]kfnL M sIff (

-O_ ljk/Ltfys{ zAb gjLg — kf| rLg
el/ — cfwf

cufl8 — k5fl8 ;ªs\ L0f{ — pbf/

b'Mv — ;'v k0" f{ — ck0" f{

a:g' — p7g\ ' slnnf] — l5lKkPsf]

lbg' — lng' kl5 — cl3

-O{_ cgs' /0ffTds zAb

3gSs, km/Ss, l;l/l;/L, e/' ,{ r6\6

^= kf7df ePsf tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ k|rlnt j0f{ljGof;cg;' f/ ;RofP/ sfkLdf ;fgx{' f];\ M

e/L, rnL/xs] f], clnslt, em' nL/x]5g\, ntfl/

Jofs/0f

!= tn lbOPsf pbfx/0f k9L jfSo kl/jt{gsf cfwf/x¿ a'e\mg'xf;] \ M

-s_ lnªu\

;fgf] efO cfof] . ;fgL alxgL cfO{

r~rn] s6] f] bf}l8of] . r~rn] s]6L bfl} 8O{ .

-v_ jrg

efO kf7 k9\5 . efOx¿ kf7 k95\ g\ .

?v cUnf] 5 . ?v cUnf 5g\ .

-u_ k'?if

d dfjn hfG5' . t“ dfjn hfG5;\ . pm dfjn hfG5 .

xfdL dfjn hfG5f“} . ltdL÷x¿ dfjn hfG5f} . pgL÷x¿ dfjn hfG5g\ .

tkfO÷+{“ x¿ dfjn hfg'xG' 5 . pxf“÷x¿ dfjn hfg'x'G5 .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 75

-3_ cfb/

t“ km" n l6K5;\ . ltdL k"mn l6K5f}÷l6K5o\ f} . tkfO{+ k"mn l6Kgx' G' 5 .

pm k"mn l6K5 . pgL k"mn l6K5g÷\ l6lK5g\ . pxf“ k"mn l6Kg'xG' 5 .

d]/f] ;fyL cfof] . d]/f ;fyL÷x¿ cfP . d]/f ;fyL÷x¿ cfpge' of] .

d/] L ;fyL cfO{ . d]/L ;fyL cfOg\ . d]/L ;fyL cfpge' of] .

-ª_ s/0f / cs/0f

;o' fu] uLt ufp5“ . ;'of]u uLt ufpb“ }g .

;l/kmfn] lstfa NofO5 . ;l/kmfn] lstfa NofOg5 .

cfh l;4fy{ dfjn hfnf . cfh l;4fy{ dfjn ghfnf .

-r_ sfn / kIf

sfn et" jt{dfg eljiot\
kIf

;fdfGo s6] fs]6L /fP] . s6] fs]6L ?G5g\ . s6] fs6] L ?g] 5g\ .

ck0" f{ s6] fs6] L ?“b} lyP . s6] fs6] L ?b“ } 5g\ . s6] fs]6L ?b“ } xg' ] 5g\ .

k0" f{ s]6fs6] L /f]Psf lyP . s6] fs6] L /fP] sf 5g\ . s]6fs6] L /f]Psf x'g] 5g\ .

cEo:t s]6fs]6L ?Gy] .

c1ft s]6fs6] L /fP] 5g\ .

@= sfi] 7sdf lbPsf ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df tnsf jfSo kl/jt{g ug{'xf;] \ M

-s_ k"0f{dfg sljtf nV] 5 . -:qLlnªu\ _

-v_ dfw'/L uLt ufp“5] . -kl' nªu\ _

-u_ ltdL sxf“ uPsf lyof} < -:qLlnªu\ _

-3_ p;n] df5f df¥of] . -axj' rg_

-ª_ xfdL l;gd] f x]g{ uPsf lyof}“ . -Psjrg_

-r_ dn} ] 3f“; sf6]“ . -tt[ Lo k?' if_

-5_ pm dfOt uO{ . -cs/0f_

-h_ pm 3/ uof] . -pRr cfb/_

76 gk] fnL M sIff (

#= tnsf jfSonfO{ kIfsf cfwf/df hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

-s_ h'g]nLn] v;L kfn]sL 5 . cEo:t e"t

-v_ d~rnf lrq sfb] {} l5g\ . c1ft et"

-u_ ci6dfg 3/ uof] . k"0f{ jt{dfg

-3_ cfh /ftL kfgL k/5] . ck"0f{ jt{dfg

-ª_ dL/f ;fgfdf /fd|f] k9\yL . ;fdfGo eljiot\

-r_ xfdL efl] n dfdf3/ hfg] 5f“} . ;fdfGo e"t

$= ;fdfGo jt{dfgsf ljm| ofkbx¿ ko| fu] u/L cfkm\ gf] ljBfnosf af/d] f Ps cgR' 5b] nV] gx' f];\ .

%= eljiot\ sfnsf tLg cf6] } kIfdf bO' { bO' { cf]6f jfSo nV] gx' f;] \ .

^= tnsf kb;ªu\ lt ldns] f jfSodf l7s -√_ / kb;ªu\ lt gldns] f jfSodf al] 7s -X_ lrx\g
nufO{ cz4' jfSonfO{ z4' kfg{'xf;] \ M

-s_ ;fyLsf] cfdf cfof] .

-v_ cfh ljBfnodf ljBfyL{ 5}gg\ .

-u_ r/f] cfsf;df p85\ g\ .

-3_ ltgLx¿ laxfg} ahf/ uof] .

-ª_ ltdL g]kfnL /fd/| L af]N5f} .

&= wft' / ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df vfnL 7fp“ egx{' f;] \ M

-s_ sljn] sljtf ========= . -nv] \ M k0" f{ e"t_
-v_ u'?n] kf7 ========= . -k9fp M ;fdfGo e"t_
-u_ p;n] vn] ========= . -vn] \ M c1ft e"t_
-3_ el/ofx¿ eft ===================== . -vf M ck"0f{ e"t_
-ª_ xfdL dªu\ naf/ j|t =================== . -ln M cEo:t e"t_

g]kfnL M sIff ( 77

*= tnsf] cgR' 5]baf6 ‘;d\’ pk;u{ nfus] f zAb 5fg/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf];\ M

n]vgfy kf8} o\ fn -lj= ;=+ !($!–@)@@_ sz' n slj x'g\ . pgsf] hGd sf:sLsf] c3fc{} r{nd] f
ePsf] lyof] . pgn] ;:+ s[t lzIffdf dWodf;Ddsf] cWoog u/]sf lyP . pgsf] pbon] g]kfnL
;flxTosf] sfJo ljwf lgs} ;d4[ eof] . k"jL{o ;flxTo l;4fGtcg;' f/ gk] fnL efiffdf sfJo
l;h{gf ug{] sljx¿df slj lz/f]dl0f nv] gfy kf8} \ofn cu| kª\lStdf 5g\ . pgsf sljtfdf
ljzi] f u//] gk] fnsf] ;fdflhs cj:yf, ;f:+ sl[ ts kl/jz] tyf kf| sl[ ts bZ[ osf] lrq0f kfOG5 .
Ctl' jrf/, al' 4ljgfb] , ;Tosln ;j+ fb, etx[{ l/ lgj]{b, uLtf~hnL, nIdLk"hf, Tofu / pbosf]
ou' n ks| fz, ;To:dl[ t, d/] f] /fd, t?0f tk;L, nflnTo efu ! / @ pgsf pTsi[ 6 sl[ tx¿ xg' \ .

(= pbfx/0fcg;' f/ tnsf pk;u{ nufP/ tLg tLg cf]6f zAb lgdf{0f ug{x' f;] \ M

pbfx/0f M

pk;u{ cfwf/ zAb JoT' kGg zAb

pk jg pkjg

k| an ka| n

;d\ jfb ;+jfb

;' dfu{ ;d' fu{

cg' jfb cgj' fb

k,| lj, cg,' ;,' c, ab, clw, cle, pk
!)= tnsf zAbaf6 pk;u{ / cfwf/ kbnfO{ 56' o\ fpgx' f;] \ M

cleefjs, cg'zf;g, gftfut, a]dtna, lg/fxf/, ;+xf/, ;ª\si6
!!= tnsf cfwf/ kbdf pk;u{ nufO{ tLg tLg cf6] f zAb lgdf0{ f ugx'{ f;] \ M

xf/, sf/, rf/, bz] , ;f/, efj

78 g]kfnL M sIff (

l;h{gfTds cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿nfO{ ;Gbe{cg;' f/ ;dfj]z u/L k|sl[ tsf af/d] f cgR' 5]b /rgf ug'{xf];\ M

-s_ x:| j ‘O’ sf/ nfu]sf zAb M

el/, ljif], ;'lgG5, cufl8, latfp“Yof,] lbg, lar, slnnf, 3l/, rln /x]sf] 5, eml' n/x]5g\, lbof,]
b[li6, lsg, ;l' /nf,] clnslt, otfplt, b]lvg,] kl5lNt/, j[li6, lk/, lkP/, /l;s
-v_ bL3{ ‘O{’ sf/ nfus] f zAb M
gjLg, bLg, agL, n'sLsg, pxL, dxf;v' L, a;L, k/L, d~h/L, a];/L, l;/Ll;/L, ;v' L, ;dL/,
em/L, z/L/, ntf/L, zLt, u/Lsg, v';L

@= ‘j;Gt sfl] sn’ sljtfsf] 9fr“ fdf ‘jiff{ Ct’' zLifs{ df sljtf /r/] sIffdf ;g' fpg'xf];\ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 79

kf7 ( hl} js vt] L

!= v]tLsf b'O{ tl/sf 5g\, /f;folgs / hl} js . /f;folgs dn tyf sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u
u//] ul/g] vt] L /f;folgs vt] L xf] . k/Dk/fut h}ljs j:t'df dfq lge{/ /x]/ ul/g] vt] L
hl} js xf] . hLj;“u ;DalGwt s/' fnfO{ hl} js elgG5 . hf] hlGdG5, a9\5 / d5{ clg h;nfO{
af“Rgsf nflu vfgf, kfgL / xfjf rflxG5, ToxL g} hLj xf] . ljiffbLnufotsf xflgsf/s tŒj
ko| fu] gu/L ul/g] vt] L hl} js xf] . o;df dflg; tyf hLjsf nflu xflgsf/s xg' ] tŒjsf] ko| fu]
x“b' g} . cfÇg} kl/j]zdf kfOg] jg:klt, h8La'6L tyf cGo j:ta' f6 hl} js vt] Lsf ;fdu|L
tof/ kfl/G5 . oL ;fduL| hLjgsf nflu xflgsf/s geO{ nfebfos xG' 5g\ . of] k"0f{tM
kf| ª\ufl/s dndf cfwfl/t x'g] xg' fn] o;nfO{ k|fªu\ fl/s vt] L klg elgG5 .

@= s[lif o'usf] cf/De;“u} h}ljs
v]tLsf] ;'?cft ePsf] xf] .
pBf]uwGbfsf] ljsf;;“u}
hg;ª\Vofsf] 7n' f] lx:;f s[lifaf6
ljdv' eof] . yf/] n} ] sfd u//] w/] n} fO{
kfNgk' g{] eof] . o;n} ] yf/] } hldgd}
w/] } pTkfbg ug]{ pkfosf ¿kdf
!( cf}“ ztfAbLdf /f;folgs
dnsf] cfljisf/ eof] . /f;folgs
dndf afnL la?jfsf nflu
clws dfqfdf rflxg] gfO6«fh] g,
km:kmf]/; . kf]6f; h:tf
vfBtŒjx¿ ld>0f ul/Psfn] pTkfbg a9g\ yfNof] . o;} u/L @) cf“} ztfAbLbl] v afnLgfnLdf nfUg]
sL6ktª\ux¿nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ljiffbLsf] klg ko| f]u x'g yfNof] . /f;folgs dnaf6 pTkfbg
a9\g,] ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] af6 /f]u / ls/f lgoGq0f x'g] ePkl5 yf/] } hldgdf w/] } pTkfbg
x'g' :jfefljs xf] . o;/L yf/] } d]xgtaf6 w/] } pAhgL lbg ;ss] fn] /f;folgs vt] L rf8“ }
nfs] lko| xg' yfNof] . /f;folgs vt] Ldf oL kmfObf eP/ klg o;sf ak] mfObf klg b]vf kg{
yfn] . o;n] ubf{ /f;folgs vt] Lsf ljifodf cg;' Gwfg / cWoog ugk{' g{] cj:yf cfof] . o;sf

zAbfy{

sL6gfzs M ls/f gfz ug{]
lx:;f M cz+ , efu
ljiffbL M ljifo'St, ljif ePsf]

80 gk] fnL M sIff (

gsf/fTds c;/x¿sf af/]df xg' yfn]sf] cWoogn] o;sf] ljsNksf] vf]hL ug'k{ g{] tYonfO{
k|:tt' u¥of] . kY[ jLsf] kofj{ /0f, dfgj :jf:Yo / jfg:klts rjm| df cfPsf] ;ªs\ 6n] klg
/f;folgs v]tL k|ltsn" xG' 5 eGg] lgisif{ k|:t't eof] .

#= /f;folgs dnn] df6fsf] cDnLokg a9fP/ kf| s[lts agfj6 lauf5{ . hl} js tŒjsf] sdL
xb“' f hldg d?el" ddf kl/0ft xg' a]/ nfUb}g . afnL la?jfnfO{ ;vfk kfg]{ sL6ktªu\ nfO{
sltko ls/f, km6\ofª\u|f, r/fr'?ªu\ Lx¿n] vfP/, wkfP/ ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf x'G5g\ . To:t}
df}/L, af?nf, k'tnL, lem“ ufnufotsf sL6ktª\un] afnLsf] k/fu;]rg kl| jm| ofdf ;xofu] k'¥ofO{
pTkfbg a9fp5“ g\ . /f;folgs v]tLn] afnL la?jfsf ldqnfO{ klg c;/ ub{5 . csfl{ t/ zq'
ls/fx¿sf] kl| t/fw] fTds Ifdtf a95\ / s8feGbf s8f vfnsf ljiffbLsf] ko| fu] ugk{' g{] cj:yf
cfp5“ . ljiffbLsf] a9\bf] k|of]un] dfgj :jf:Yodf uDeL/ c;/ u5{ . o;n] SofG;/, pRr
/Strfk, Xbof3ft, d6' ,' snh] f] / kmfS] ;f] laug| ] vfnsf /fu] nfO{ lgDTofp5“ . o;/L /f;folgs
v]tLn] dfgj :jf:Yo, kof{j/0fLo ;Gt'ng / h}ljs ljljwtfdf uDeL/ ;ª\s6 l;h{gf
ub{5 . o;n} ] kl5Nnf] ;dodf /f;folgs vt] Lsf] ljsNk ;f]Rg yflnPsf] 5 . /f;folgs
vt] Lsf] Pp6} ljsNk eg]sf] h}ljs vt] L g} xf] .

$= kY[ jLdf /xs] f af6] la?jf, sL6ktª\u, r/fr'?ª\uL, hgfj/ / dflg;x¿ k/:k/df lge{/
5g\ . kf| 0fLx¿n] vfB tŒj / clS;hg af6] la?jfaf6 kfp5“ g\ . af]6la?jfx¿n] klg
cfkm"nfO{ rflxg] xfjf / vfg] s/' f hLjhGt'af6 lnG5g\ . dflg; tyf hgfj/x¿sf dndq"
af]6la?jfsf pQd vfgf xg' \ . ;8]un]sf kftkltªu\ /nfO{ s'xfP/ af]6la?jfsf nflu vfg
of]Uo dn agfpg] sfd sL6ktªu\ x¿n] u5{g\ . o;/L k[YjLsf k|f0fL / jg:kltsf lardf
ng] bg] kl| jm| of rjm| em“} 3l' d/xG5 . o:t} cGofG] ofl>t ;DaGwn] kY[ jLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj ;Dej
ePsf] xf] . oxL lng] lbg] k|ljm| of gldn/] clxn] jftfj/0fLo k|bi" f0f a9s] f] 5 .

%= kY[ jLdf /x]sf ;a} kzk' G5L, sL6ktªu\ / jg:kltx¿ cfk;df lge{/ ePsfn] kof{j/0fLo
;Gtn' gsf nflu oL ;as} f] cfjZostf 5 . vt] LkftLsf zq' ls/f, km6\ofª\u|f, ;n' ;n' ], d';f,
v/fof,] b'D;L, afb“ /;d]t kofj{ /0fLo ;Gtn' gsf nflu cfjZos 5g\ . o:tf hLjnfO{ dfg{]
xfO] g wkfpg] / eufpg] pkfo vf]Hg'k5{ . hl} js vt] L oxL dfGotfdf cfwfl/t 5 .
h}ljs v]tLn] jftfj/0fLo ;Gtn' g ldnfpgs' f ;fy} dfgjnufot k[YjLdf /xs] f ;a}sf] hLjg
arfpg] sfd u5{ .

zAbfy{

k/fu;]rg M k"mnaf6 kmn aGg] k|ljm| of

k|lt/f]wfTds M /fu] ;“u n8\g ;Sg]

rjm| M ufn] f] gfªn\ f] h:tf] j:t,' 3'ld/xg] kl| j|mof

cl:tTj M 5 cyjf xf] eGg] cy{, xg' fsf] efj

gk] fnL M sIff ( 81

^= hl} js vt] Ldf kf| ªu\ fl/s dnsf]
k|of]u ul/G5 . k|fª\ufl/s
dnn] jftfj/0fnfO{ sg' } c;/
ubg}{ . o;af6 df6f,] kfgL /
jfo' kb| i" f0fnfO{ 36fpg ;xofu]
ldNb5 . o:tf] v]tLn] df6fsf]
pj{/fzlSt sfod /fV5 /
dflg; tyf kzk' G5Laf6 lg:sg]
kmf]xf]/d}nfsf] Joj:yfkgdf
;xof]u u5{ . o;}n] 7'nf]
wg/flz vr]{/ /f;folgs dn
pTkfbg ug{'eGbf ufp“ ;x/df
v/] hfg] j:t' / jg:kltaf6 ;fdfGo tl/sfn] k|fª\ufl/s dn agfpg' w/] } >o] :s/ 5 . o;n]
;x/ ;kmf /fVg, dn pTkfbgsf] vr{ 36fpg / cGttM jftfj/0f hfu] fpg ;xof]u u5{ .

&= hl} js ljlwaf6 /f]u tyf ls/f lgoGq0f ug{] cg]sf}“ pkfox¿ 5g\ . /fd|/L vghft] u/L
;dodf afnL nufp“bf / plrt dnhnsf] ko| f]u ubf{ afnL la?jfsf] k|lt/fw] s Ifdtf a95\ .
o;af6 afnL la?jfdf /fu] / ls/fx¿sf] cfjm| d0fdf sdL cfp5“ . sltko ls/fx¿nfO{ xftn]
l6k/] , hfnLsf] ko| fu] u/]/, aQL aflnlbP/ / 6fl“ ;g] kbfy{ /fv/] klg lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 .
ldq ls/fsf] pTkfbg u/]/ klg xflgsf/s ls/f lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsG5 . lttf,] lk/f,] cldnf],
6/f{] cflb jg:kltsf] emfn] / wn' f] ko| fu] ugfn{ ] clwsfz+ ls/f / sL6f0fn' fO{ eufpg / lgoGq0f
ug{ ;lsG5 . o:tf jg:kltdf lttk] ftL, lgd, asfOg', ;t' L{, c;'/f,] ;l/kmf, afe] mf], df}jf,
wt/' f,] l;dfnL, cbj' f, a;] f/, l6Dd/' , tn' ;L cflb kb5{ g\ . To;f] t o:tf h8La6' LhGo jg:kltdf
klg ljiffbLsf] dfqf xG' 5 . Tof] jftfj/0fdf rf8“ } gi6 klg xG' 5 . o:tf h8La6' LhGo ljiffbLsf]
ko| f]u ePsf vfBkbfy{ s]xL lbgd} vfgofU] o xG' 5g\ .

*= h}ljs v]tL s]jn lgjf{xdv' L dfq geO{ o;sf] Jofj;foLs/0f / cfwl' gsLs/0f x'gk' 5{ .
o;sf nflu ;j{k|yd df6fsf] k/LIf0f cfjZos xG' 5 . s'g df6fdf s] s:tf tŒj 5g\ < s]
s:tf tŒjsf] cefj 5 < s'g df6f] sg' afnLsf nflu pko'St 5 < cflb s'/fsf] hfgsf/L
lnP/ df6fsf] ks| [ltcg;' f/ hl} js v]tL nufpg ;lsG5 . df6fdf ck'u tŒjnfO{ h}ljs
ljlwaf6} cfk"lt{ ug{ ;lsG5 . pko'St xfjfkfgL, pkoS' t df};d, cfjZos dnsf] k|ofu] ,
l;“rfO Joj:yf, pko'St afnLrjm| cflb ldnfP/ v]tL ug{' cfjZos xG' 5 . o;f] ubf{ h}ljs
ljlwaf6 klg kofK{ t pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 .

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (
lgjf{xd'vL M ;fdfGo sfd rnfpg] vfnsf]
Jofj;foLs/0f M k];f jf Joj;fosf ¿kdf ljsf; ug]{ sfd

82

(= gk] fnsf] kf| sl[ ts, ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts kof{j/0f h}ljs vt] Lsf nflu cgs' n" 5 .
kz| :t dfqfdf hªu\ n, r/g ;'ljwf / kfgLsf] ;f| t] ePsfn] gk] fndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf ufO,{
e}“;L, afvf| , e8] f, s'v'/f, ;“u' /' , df5f h:tf kzk' G5L kfNg ;lsG5 . o;af6 kofK{ t dfqfdf
bw' , bxL, l3p, pmg, dx, lrh cflbsf] pTkfbgsf ;fy} kf| ª\ufl/s dn pTkfbg xG' 5 . kfgLsf]
;f| t] pkofu] u//] l;r“ fOsf] /fdf| ] Joj:yf ug{ ;lsG5 . ax;' ªV\ os gk] fnLsf] kV' ofn{} L Joj;fo
hl} js vt] L g} ePsfn] To;nfO{ yf/] } cfwl' gs / Jofj;flos agfOlbP kU' 5 . ca gk] fnsf ufp“
ufp;“ Dd ;8s oftfoft kU' g yfns] f] 5 . pTkflbt j:tn' fO{ ahf/;Dd k'¥ofpg ;xh aGb}
5 . h}ljs vfBj:t' b]zleq / ljbz] df klg dx“uf] dN" odf ;lhn} laj|mL xG' 5 . a;{]lg
c/af“} ?lkofs“ f] vfBkbfy{ cfoft ug{' clxn]sf] g]kfnsf] afWotf ag]sf] 5 . lgjfx{ dv' L /
k/Dk/fut v]tLsf sf/0f o:tf] ePsf] xf] . hl} js vt] LnfO{ ax[ t\ cleofgsf ¿kdf cufl8
a9fpg ;s] g]kfn vfBfGgdf cfTdlge{/ x'g ;S5 .

!)= gk] fndf Jofj;flos hl} js v]tLnfO{ /fh] uf/Lsf] dV' o cfwf/ agfpg ;lsG5 . :jbz] d}
/fh] uf/L l;hg{ f ug{ ;s] oj' fx¿ lab]l;g' kb{g} . o'jfx¿ :jbz] d} /x“bf /fi6« ljsf;df
;sf/fTds k|efj k5{ . k/lge{/tf 36\g hf“bf :jfjnDaL ;+:sl[ tsf] ljsf; xG' 5 / /fli6o« tf
klg alnof] aG5 . lgof{t a9fpg ;Sbf k'h“ L lgdf{0f xg' uO{ cf}Bf]lus nufgLsf] af6f]
vN' 5 . h}ljs v]tLaf6 jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f x'G5 / dfgj :jf:Yodf klg cgs' n" ke| fj
k5{ . o;af6 jftfj/0f / :jf:Yosf Ifq] df ul/g] nufgL art xG' 5 . To; artnfO{
cGo pTkfbgd"ns Ifq] df nufpg ;lsG5 . sl[ ifdf cfTdlge{/ aGb} hn;|ft] , ko{6g h:tf
pBf]unfO{ k|jwg{ ug{ ;s] gk] fn ;+;f/s} ;dG' gt / ;v' L dn' s' aGg] 5 .

!!= g]kfndf v]tLnfO{ Joj;fosf ¿kdf ae' m\g / u|x0f ug{ ;lsPsf] 5}g . ;+;f/ hlt;s' } cufl8
a9] klg dflg;sf] k|f0f arfpg] vfg]s/' f cGttM vt] Laf6} cfp5“ eGg] s/' f xfdLn] dgg ug{
;s]sf 5}gf“} . vt] LnfO{ Joj;fo g} gdfGg,' x]nf / pkI] ffsf] k;] f dfGg' xfd|f] 7'nf] sdhf/] L
xf] . v]tL jg:kltsf] pTkfbg / pkof]u ug]{ Pp6f dxfg\ k;] f xf] . jg:klt dflg;nfO{
af“Rgsf nflu geO{ gx'g] ;f;, uf;“ , skf;, af;, OGwg, cfv] tL, kfgL cflbsf] d"n ;f| ]t xf] .
of] cfkm" afR“ g] / bl' gofn“ fO{ arfpg] k;] f xf] . o;n} ] vt] L xo] geP/ ;as} f] lko| k;] f aGgk' 5{ .

gk] fn h:tf] sl[ ifk|wfg b]zdf t emg\ h}ljs v]tL g} ;ae} Gbf dV' o k];f xf] / x'g' klg k5{ .

zAbfy{

kV' of{n} L M kv' f{sf kfnfb]lv rlncfPsf]
k/lge/{ tf M c¿sf] e/ kg'{kg{] cj:yf
;+:sl[ t M k/Dk/fbl] v rlncfPsf] /Lltl/jfh, ;:+ sf/
k'“hL M pBfu] , Joj;fodf nufpg ;lsg] wg
k|jw{g M jl[ 4 ug]{ sfd, a9fpg]
;d'Ggt M pRr, /fd|/L dfly p7]sf]
xo] M x]nf, pkI] ff

gk] fnL M sIff ( 83

cEof;

;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5b] ;G' g'xf;] \ / l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ /f;folgs dn / sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] ko| f]u ePsf] vt] L /f;folgs xf] .
-v_ /f;folgs dn / sL6gfzs ljiffbLsf] k|of]u gePsf] v]tL hl} js xf] .
-u_ hl} js / k|fªu\ fl/s cnu cnu v]tL k0| ffnL x'g\ .
-3_ hl} js vt] Ldf kf| ª\ufl/s dnsf] k|of]u x“b' g} .
-ª_ dflg;, kzk' G5L, sL6ktªu\ / jg:kltdf lge/{ vt] L g} h}ljs v]tL xf] .
@= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5b] ;G' gx' f];\ / tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ hl} js vt] Lsf] ;?' cft slxn] eof] <
-v_ pBf]uwGbfsf] ;?' cftkl5 s] eof] <
-u_ /f;folgs dnsf ¿kdf s:tf vfBtŒjx¿ pTkfbg ul/G5 <
-3_ s] sf/0fn] yf/] } hldgdf w/] } pAhgL x'g yfNof] <
-ª_ /f;folgs vt] L s;/L nfs] lk|o eof] <
#= kf7sf] 5}6f}“ cg'R5]bsf] >'ltnv] g ug'{xf];\ .
af]nfO
!= tnsf zAbsf] z'4 pRrf/0f ugx'{ f];\ M
k|fª\ufl/s, cf}Bf]lus, k[i7e"ld, cfljisf/, k|lt/f]wfTds, cDnLokg, kof{j/0fLo, s[lqd,
k'Vof}n{ L, k|jwg{
@= /f;folgs v]tLsf kmfObf / a]kmfObfaf/] sIffdf 5nkmn ug{x' f;] \ .
#= hl} js kl| jlwaf6 afnL la?jfdf nfUg] ls/f / /fu] sf] lgbfg s;/L ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] ljifodf
cfkm"n] hfg]sf s/' fx¿ sIffdf ;g' fpgx' f];\ .
k9fO
!= lzIfsn] lgb]z{ g lbPcg;' f/ kf7sf cgR' 5b] x¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/jfrg ug{x' f];\ .

84 g]kfnL M sIff (

@= kf7sf] gjf“} cgR' 5]b k9L l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpgx' f;] \ M
-s_ gk] fnsf] kf| sl[ ts, efu} fl] ns, ;fdflhs ;f:+ sl[ ts kofj{ /0f hl} js vt] Lsf nflu cgs' n" 5 .
-v_ g]kfndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf kzk' fng ug{ ;lsG5 .
-u_ g]kfndf sDkf]:6 dn agfpg] sRrf ;fduL| sf] cefj 5 .
-3_ g]kfnsf ax;' ª\Vos dflg;x¿sf] k'Vof}{nL Joj;fo Jofkf/ xf] .
-ª_ g]kfndf hl} js v]tLnfO{ yf/] } cfw'lgs / Jofj;flos agfOlbP k'U5 .
-r_ ca gk] fnsf ufp“ ufp“;Dd ;8s oftfoft kU' g yfns] f] 5 .
-5_ g]kfnaf6 a;{l] g c/af“} ?lkof“sf] vfBkbfy{ lgoft{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 .

#= kf7sf] t];|f] cg'R5]b k9L tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ /f;folgs vt] Ln] df6fnfO{ s] u5{ <
-v_ ldq ls/fx¿n] afnL la?jfnfO{ s;/L ;xof]u k'¥ofp5“ g\ <
-u_ k/fu;r] g kl| jm| ofnfO{ ss;n] ;xofu] k'¥ofp5“ g\ <
-3_ lsg /f;folgs v]tLsf] ljsNk ;f]Rg yflnPsf] xf] <
-ª_ pj/{ fzlSt, k/fu;r] g, kl| t/fw] fTds Ifdtf, kofj{ /0fLo ;Gtn' g / hl} js ljljwtfsf]
cy{ atfpgx' f;] \ .

$= kf7df k|of]u ePsf k|fª\ufl/s, pj{/fzlSt, k/fu;]rg h:tf k|fljlws zAb l6kf]6
ugx'{ f];\ .

n]vfO
!= kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ /f;folgs v]tL / h}ljs vt] Lsf lardf s] km/s 5 <
-v_ /f;folgs v]tLsf a]kmfObfx¿ s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ ljiffbLsf] k|of]un] dfgj :jf:Yodf s] s:tf] c;/ ub5{ <
-3_ kofj{ /0fLo ;Gt'ng / hl} js ljljwtfsf lardf s] cGt/ 5 <
-ª_ hl} js vt] Laf6 s;/L cfTd lge/{ tf a9fpg ;lsG5 <

gk] fnL M sIff ( 85

@= kf7sf] ;ftf}“ cgR' 5]b cgn' v] g ugx{' f];\ .
#= ‘g]kfnnfO{ /;fog / ljiffbL d'St /fi6« agfcf’“} zLifs{ df Pp6f cgR' 5]b n]Vgx' f;] \ .
$= JofVof ug'{xf;] \ M

-s_ kY[ jLsf kf| 0fL / jg:kltlardf lng] lbg] kl| j|mof rj|m em“} 3'ld/xG5 .
-v_ kf| 0fL / jg:kltsf lardf /xs] f] cGofG] ofl>t ;DaGwn] kY[ jLdf hLjsf] cl:tTj ;Dej

ePsf] xf] .
%= gk] fndf Jofj;flos ¿kdf hl} js v]tLsf] ;Defjgf s:tf] 5 < rrf{ ugx'{ f];\ .
^= /f;folgs v]tL / h}ljs v]tLlar kfOg] leGgtf ljZn]if0f ug{'xf;] \ .
&= tnsf zAbnfO{ km/s km/s cy{ cfpg] u/L cnu cnu jfSodf ko| f]u ugx{' f;] \ M

t/, lt/, sn, cy,{ kmn, a;
*= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/Lt cy{ x'g] zAb nV] gx' f;] \ M

7n' f], zq', ;kmf, d?e"ld, sl[ qd, lgof{t, ;sf/fTds, cfw'lgs
(= kf7sf] t;] f| ] cgR' 5b] af6 ;?' , lardf / cGTodf bL3{ xg' ] kfr“ kfr“ zAb vfh] L sfkLdf nV] gx' f;] \ .
!)= kf7af6 ‘z’ sf] k|ofu] ePsf zAbx¿ vfh] L nV] g'xf];\ .

Jofs/0f

!= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df k|To]s sf/s / ljelStsf] plrt k|of]u u/L Ps Ps cf]6f jfSo
agfpg'xf;] \ M
-s_ stf{ sf/s / ky| df ljelStsf] k|of]u
xl;gf xfl“ ;g\ . d sljtf nV] 5' . /fdn] vfgf vfof] . gfgLdo} f“n] sljtf nl] vg\ .
-v_ sd{ sf/s / låtLof ljelStsf] k|ofu]
dn} ] cf“k vfP“ . kf;fªn] ;LtfnfO{ lstfa k9fof] . cfdfn] /fdnfO{ af]nfpge' of] .
-u_ s/0f sf/s / tt[ Lof ljelStsf] ko| f]u
dn} ] nf77\ Ln] cfk“ emf/“] . xl/n] vs' /' Ln] bfp/f lr/] . u?' cfdfn] xfdLnfO{ kf| h] S] 6/af6
k9fpg'eof] .

-3_ ;Dkb| fg sf/s / rt'yL{ ljelStsf] k|ofu]
d}n] l;hg{ fnfO{ pkxf/ lbP“ . xfsd' }ofn] /~hgfb]jLnfO{ ?dfn lbOg\ . ;'nfr] gfn]
xfdLnfO{ uLt ;g' fOg\ .

86 g]kfnL M sIff (

-ª_ ckfbfg sf/s / k~rdL ljelStsf] k|ofu]

dn} ] ?vaf6 ;'Gtnf emf/]“ . xl/n] laxfgb} ]lv sx] L vfPsf] 5}g . ;'lDgdfn] emfn] faf6
lstfa lgsfn]/ d}of“nfO{ lbOg\ .

-r_ ifi6L ljelStsf] k|ofu]

d/] f Ps Ps hgf alxgL / efO 5g\ . d/] f] efOsf] gfd ef]uG] b| xf] . /~hgf d/] L alxgL
x'g\ . ;l/tf, ;Gb]z / u]Na' efOsf ldNg] ;fyL xg' \ . alxgLsL ldNg] ;fyL lrqn]vf
x'g\ . /~hgf / ef]u]Gb| b'j} hgf cfcfkm\ gf ;fdfgsf] lxkmfht ug{ l;kfn' 5g\ . cfkm\ gf]
efO / cfk\mgL alxgLsf] o:tf] /fd|f] afgL b]Vbf dnfO{ v';L nfU5 .

-5_ clws/0f sf/s / ;KtdL ljelSt

a]ud gk] fnuGhdf al:5g\ . d~h' bfr'n{ f kl' ug\ . pgsf] dgdf kfk 5}g .

@= tnsf] cg'R5]b /]vfªl\ st zAbsf sf/s / ljelSt klxNofO{ lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpg'xf];\ M

lggfdf w/] } d]xgtL 5g\ . pgL cToGt bofn' / ;xof]uL klg 5g\ . pgL b'MvL ul/ax¿nfO{
;xof]u ul5g{ \ . pgL an] f a]nfdf c;xfox¿nfO{ vfg]s/' f / sk8f lblG5g\ . lggfdfsf afa'
cd/axfb/' rflDnª cjsf; k|fKt an] fotL ;}lgs xg' \ . pgL >dnfO{ w/] } dxŒj lbG5g\ /
w]/h} ;f] sf]bfnfn] af/L vlg/x]sf e]l6G5g\ . pgL ?vaf6 8fn] 3f“; emfg{ / af“;af6 rf]of
sf9g\ klg plQs} l;kfn' l5g\ . lggfdfsL cfdf wgzf]ef ofSvf snh] df k9fpl“ 5g\ . cfdfs}
5q5fofdf /x]/ lggfdfn] k9fOdf w/] } /fdf| ] u/s] L 5g\ . k9fOsf cltl/St 3/sf] sfddf
klg lggfdf plQs} hf“ul/nL 5g\ . au}“rfdf hfg,] kfs]sf kmnkm" n ?vaf6 l6k/] hDdf ug]{,
ahf/df nu]/ aR] g] cflb sfddf pgL l;kfn' l5g\ . To;f] t sljtf nV] g,] lrq agfpg]
snfdf klg pgL lgk0' f l5g\ .

#= kf7sf] b;f}“ cgR' 5b] df ko| 'St km/s km/s ljelSt lrxg\ k|of]u ePsf zAbsf] l6kf]6
ug{'xf];\ .

$= ;a} k|sf/sf sf/ssf] k|of]u u/L Ps cgR' 5]b n]Vgx' f;] \ .

l;hg{ fTds sfo{

lgDg lnlvt ab'“ fx¿sf cfwf/df ‘;r" gf lj:tf/ / cfhsf] ljZj’ zLifs{ df lgaGw n]Vgx' f;] \ M

— klxn] klxn] k/]jf, sfu, s's/' sf cfjfhsf cfwf/df ;r" gf cgd' fg — kl5 lr7L k7fpg]
rngsf] ;'?cft — 6l] nkmfg] , /l] 8of,] 6l] nlehg, tf//lxt 6]lnlehg, ÇofS;, sDKo'6/sf] cfljisf/
— cGtl/Ifdf dflg;sf] kxr'“ — e"pku|xaf6 ;"rgf ;ª\sng / lj:tf/ — OG6/g6] kl| jlw /
To;leq ljleGg ;fdflhs ;~hfn — 5kfO jf db' 0| fsf gof“ gof“ k|ljlwsf] ljsf; — ;r" gf
lj:tf/;u“ } cfhsf] ljZj ;fu“ l' /Psf] — ljZje/sf dflg;nfO{ ;fyL agfpg, efjgf cfbfgkb| fg ug,{
s'g} ljrf/ jf 36gfk|lt tTsfn k|ltlj|mof JoSt ug,{ ljZj k|l;4 sl[ t k9\g ;lsg] — k|ljlwsf]
ljsf; clezfk klg — k|ljlwsf] ;bk' of]u hLjgsf nflu j/bfg .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 87

kf7 !) dªu\ nfsf tLg lbg

!= dªu\ nf tfdfª vf6] fª lhNnfsf] gk] f{ ufp“df al:5g\ . pgL >L sflnsf dfWolds ljBfnodf
sIff ( df k9\l5g\ . pgL x/]s lbg a]ns' f ;T' gc' ufl8 bl} gsL n]lV5g\ . pgn] n]vs] f] @)&!
dªl\ ;/ !@, !# / !$ uts] f] bl} gsL oxf“ lbOPsf] 5 M

@)&! dª\l;/ !@ ut] z'j|maf/

@= ;bf em“} cfh klg d laxfg} % ah] p7,“] xft dv'
wfP] “ / s;/t u/“] . efO / d kf| oM laxfg
Ps Ps ef/L 3f“; sf6Y\ of“} . cfh cltl/St
lj|mofsnfksf] tof/L ugk{' g{] xb“' f dn} ] 3f“;
sf6g\ EofOg“ . To;n} ] laxfgsf] lrofvfhfkl5
dn} ] Ps 306f gT[ osf] cEof; u/“] . laxfg
( ah] vfgf vfP/ d :sn' lt/ nfu]“ .

#= x/]s z'j|maf/ xfd|f] :s'ndf cltl/St
ljm| ofsnfk ;~rfng x'G5 . To;df v]ns'b, ufog, g[To, sljtf, lgaGw, xflh/Lhjfkm,
jStT[ jsnf, jfbljjfb, lrqsnf cflb kl| tofl] utfx¿ xg' ] u5g{ \ . dnfO{ uLt / g[To v'a
dg k5{ . To;n} ] cfh uLt tyf g[To kl| tof]lutfdf efu lng kfPsfn] d Hofb} v;' L /
pT;flxt lyP“ . ;?' df t dnfO{ kl| tof]lutfx¿df efu lng klg ;ªs\ fr] nfUYof] . dflg;x¿sf
cufl8 dfOs ;dfP/ afN] gk' bf{ uf8] f sfDy] . k6s k6s efu lngfn] clxn] To; lsl;dsf]
;ªs\ f]r / 8/ w]/} x6]sf] 5 . cEof; / lzIff k|fKt ug{ kfP ;a} lsl;dsf gT[ o ug{ ;S5'
eGg] ljZjf; ddf 5 . t}klg k|lt:kwf{ eg]kl5 Psk|sf/sf] 56k6fx6 eg] x“b' f] /x5] . s] xg' ]
xf] eGg] cfzª\sf klg hlGd“bf] /x5] .

$= s[i0f ;/sf] ld7f] pb\3f]if0f;“u} sfo{j|md cufl8 a9\of] . klxn] uLt / To;kl5 g[To
kl| tofl] utfx¿ eP . Psn g[Todf d k|yd eP“ . ;d"x g[Todf /Ltf, kf;fª / ;"ofs{ f] ;d"x
ky| d eof] . Psn ufogdf xfsd' fofn] ;a}nfO{ pl5lgg\ . uªu\ f / xs{axfb/' o'un ufogdf
ky| d eP . lar lardf ckl| tof]uL sfoj{ |md klg eP . ul0ft lzIfs lrq ;'jb] Ln] ld7f] sljtf
;g' fpge' of] . lj1fg lzIfs ldlynz] ofbjn] dl} ynL uLt ufP/ dGqdU' w agfpge' of] . lzIfsx¿

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (
o'un M hf8] L, b'O{ hgfsf] ;d"x
dGqd'Uw M dfl] xt, dSv

88

lzj/fh /fO{ / k/z'/fd ;A' afn] xfskf/] ufP/ /dfOnf] ug{'eof] . cfªbfjf ;/ / 8fN] df ld;sf]
;]nf]n] ;a}nfO{ grfof] . h;bLk / xs{dfofsf] kx| ;gn] xfdL ;an} fO{ k]6 ldrL ldrL x;“ fof] .

%= kw| fgfWofks -kc| _ /lj /fO{n] ;flxTo, ;ª\uLt, snf tyf vn] sb' sf] dxŒjsf af/] k|sfz
kfg{e' of] . x/s] dflg;df sg' } g sg' } ks| f/sf] k|ltef x'G5, ;as} f] k|ltefn] k:| km6' g xg' ]
cj;/ kfpg'k5{ eGg] s/' fdf pxfn“ ] hf]8 lbge' of] . k|dv' cltly ljBfno lg/LIfs -ljlg_
/]0f'sf adn] k'/:sf/ tyf kd| f0fkq ljt/0f ug{'eof] . pxfn“ ] cfhsf] sfo{jm| dnfO{ /fli6o«
;f+:s[lts sfoj{ m| d eGb} ;b' "/klZrd Ifq] df k|rlnt b]p8f uLt klg ;g' fpge' of] . ljBfno
Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf cWoIf dLgf u?' ªn] ;an} fO{ wGojfb lbb“ } sfo{j|mdsf] ;dfkg ug'e{ of] .
cGTodf kmf]6f] lvRg] sfd eof] . sfo{j|mdsf cltlyx¿, u?' x¿ / ;fyLx¿n] d/] f] g[Tosf]
;/fxgf uge{' of] . d bª\u k/]“ .

^= 3/ k'Ubf ;a}n] dnfO{ awfO{ lbg'eof] . an] 'sf bfOn] ;fpbL c/aaf6 kmfg] ug'e{ of] / awfO{
lbge' of.] cfhsf] sfoj{ m| dsf kmf6] fx¿ km;] as' df
/flv;lsPsf] /x5] . g[Todf d k|yd ePsf]
va/ klg bfOn] km;] a'saf6} yfxf kfpg'eP5 .

&= v;' Ln] ubf{ cfh olt an] f;Dd klg lgbf| nfug] .
cfh lsg o:tf] v;' L nfus] f] xf]nf ¤ lsg dg
tn' an' tn' a'n ePsf] xfn] f ¤ cfx] f] ¤ /ftLsf]
!! alh;s5] . efl] n t laxfg} p7g\ ' 5 . lgbf|
gnfu] klg ca t ;T' gk' 5{ .

@)&! dªl\ ;/ !# ut] zlgaf/

*= cfh laxfg d % ah] p7]“ / efOnfO{ p7fP“ . lbbLefO ldn]/ xtf/ xtf/ vfgf agfof“} . ds}
e6df; e6' /] lbp;“ fn] fO{ vfhf klg l7s kf¥of}“ . efO klg cfh d;“u jg hfg] eP . kNnf3/
;fgL / ;'bz] x¿ klg cfOk'u] . ;Nnfxcg';f/ g} au/] eGHofªdf dlGb/f, 8f]Ndf, /fhg,
lzj/fhx¿;“u e6] eof] . xfdL uLt ufpb“ } l9s'/] jglt/ nfUof}“ .

(= cfh labfsf] lbg eP/ xf]nf jgdf lgs} dfG5] lyP . dfG5x] ¿nfO{ b]v/] af“b/x¿ ?v?v}
lkª v]Nb} /ldt] le/lt/ nfu] . xfdLx¿ klg ;dx" ;d"xdf af“l8of}“ . cfkmg\ f] ;d"xsf ;fyL

zAbfy{

xfskf/] M g]kfnsf] kj" L{ kxf8L eu] df ufOg] nfs] efsf
k|x;g M x:“ ofn} L, x“;fpg] sfd
k|:k'm6g M k|s6 xg' ] sfd, JoSt xg' ] ljm| of

gk] fnL M sIff ( 89

;fyLlar s'/f ub}{, uLt ufp“b} xfdL
s6'; l6Kg yfNof}“ . o'jf oj' tLn] ufPsf
bfx] f/] L uLtn] jg} ylso{ f] . sx] L dflg;x¿
;fd'bflos jg pkef]Stf ;ldlt / lhNnf
jg sfofn{ osf] cg'dltdf uf7] sf nflu
3f]rf, xnf] / sf]bfnfsf la“8x¿
agfO/x]sf lyP . xfdLx¿ eg] s6';
l6Kgd} Jo:t eof“} .

!)= s6'; dnfO{ dg kg]{ kmn xf] .
3f]Rg] sf“8fsf] kjf{x gu/L d
;fg}b]lv s6'; l6Kg /dfpy]“ . cl;gf
klg gk/s] f] / s6;' kmNg] jif{ klg k/]sf] xb“' f o;kflnsf] s6'; l6kfO{ d]/f nflu ;v' b
aGof] . dWofxg\ kl5 xfdL vfhf vfgsf nflu la;fpgL 9'ª\ufdf hDdf eof}“ . la;fpgL
9ª' u\ faf6 ;;+ f/sf] ;jf]R{ r lzv/ ;u/dfyf / cf;kf;sf c¿ lxdfnx¿ x]¥of}“ . ;fyLx¿n]
Sofd]/f NofPsf /x5] g\ . xfdLn] lxdfn / hª\unsf bZ[ odf y'k}| kmf6] fx¿ lvRof}“ . To;kl5
cfcfkm\gf vfhfsf kf]sf km'sfof}“ . s;}n] ;n] , s;n} ] rfd|,] s;}n] e6' ]sf ds} e6df;, s;}n]
pl;gs] f :s;' / cfn' NofPsf /x]5g\ . ;fdl" xs ofqf / vj' fOsf] dhf g} cs{} xG' 5 . o;kfln
xfdLn] To:t} ;'Gb/ cg'el" tnfO{ ;f6\g] cj;/ kfof“} .

!!= lbg 9lNsb“ } uof,] cfsfz klg clns wl' DdPsf] lyof,] hf8f] klg xg' yfNof] / kfgL knf{ knf{ h:tf]
eof] . ca xfdL 3/ lkmg{] tv/{ df nfUof“} . dn} ] jgdfnfsf sx] L nx/f / lr/fOtfs] f sx] L af6] x¿
klg afs] “] . efOn] 3u“ ?sf] Pp6f n6\7L agfP/ 6]s] . olQsd} f kfgL bsg{ yfNof] . xfdLdWo]
s;;} u“ klg cf9] f lyPg . st} cft] nfUg] 7fp“ klg lyPg . leHb} psfnf] r9g\ s' f] xfdf| ] sg' } ljsNk
ePg . eGHofªdf cfOk'Ubf rf/}lt/ c“Wof/f] eof] . lxdfnlt/af6 cfPsf] d'6' 5]8\g]
xfjfx/' Ln] xfdLnfO{ p8fpnf h:tf] eof] . l7s ToxL a]nf cl;gf al;g{ yfNof] . xfdLnfO{ ;f;

zAbfy{

s6'; M sf8“ ]bf/ afj] |mfleq u8] f x'g] Psk|sf/sf] ?v jf kmn

la8“ M sg' } cfh} f/sf] xftn] ;dfpg] efu

jgdfnf M jgdf kfOg] dfnf h:tf] nx/f]

lr/fOtf] M Psk|sf/sf] lttf] h8La'6L / n]sfnL jg:klt

3“u? M Psks| f/sf] sf“8b] f/ jg:klt

cf9] f M kfgL kbf{ cf]9g\ ] ;fwg

cf]t M kfgLaf6 hf]lug] 7fp“

90 gk] fnL M sIff (

km]g{ ufx|f] eof] . wGg glhs}
av]{ uf]7 /x]5 . xfdL bu'b}{
uf]7leq k:of}“ .

!@= emG8} @)–@% ldg]6 nuftf/
k/]kl5 cl;gf / kfgL s]xL
/f]lsof] . xfdL af6f] nfUof“} .
af6fel/ cl;gfsf yk' f| /x5] g\ . xfdL
cfcfkm\gf ef/L af]s]/ sfDb}
/ cl;gfdf lrlKn“b} t];}{ t];f]{
bf}l8of}“ . g]kf{ yfKnf]sf]
rft} f/fdf cfOk'Ubf cfsfz k"/}
pl3o| f], kfgL kg{ k/" } /f]lsof] .
Totflt/ t cl;gf k/s] f] /xg] 5 . kfgL klg kmf66\ km6' 6\ dfq k/]sf] /x]5 . xfdL sx] L a]/
rf}tf/fdf ef/L la;fP/ ;:' tfof“} / kml] / uLt ufp“b} cf/] fnf] emg{ yfNof“} .

!#= an] s' f ;f9] ^ ah] xfdL 3/ cfOk'Uof}“ . 3/df vfgf kfls;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdLn] xtf/ xtf/ n'uf
km]¥of“} / vfgf vfof“} . vfgf vfPkl5 xfdL ;a} hgf cu]gfsf 5]pdf a:of}“ . xfdL lbbLefOn]
cfhsf] ofqfsf dV' o d'Vo 36gf / cge' jx¿ ;g' fof}“ . cfdf, aa' f / efphn" ] klg s6;'
l6Kbfsf ljutsf cge' jx¿ ;g' fpge' of] .

!$= a]n'sf ( ah] b}lgsL nV] g ;'? u/]sf] clxn] an] s' fsf] !) alh;Sof] . cfh lgs} yflsPsfn]
lgb|f klg nfUof] . ca ;T' 5' .

@)&! dª\l;/ !$ ut] cfOtaf/

!%= xfdf| ] ljBfnodf cfh :yfgLo labf lyof] . oxL labfsf] dfs} f kf//] aª} s\ vftf vfN] g /
sx] L ;fdfg lsgar] ugs{ f nflu efph" / d lbStn] hfg] lgwf] eof] . æwD' dwfDd eO/x5] ,
an] s' Lkv kfgL kg{ ;S5, To;n} ] laxfg rf8“ } uP/ an] s' f l56} kmlsg{ Æ" cfdfn] eGge' of] . To;}
cg;' f/ laxfg ;ft} ah] vfgf vfP/ xfdL lbStn] lt/ nfUof“} . lbStn] kU' bf ;f9] cf7 ahs] f] lyof] .

!^= bfO c/adf /x] klg d/] L efph" cge' jL / hLjg a'e]msL x'gx' 'G5 . dlxnfn] sx] L ug{ ;s]
;dfh k]ml/G5 eGg] alnof] r]tgf pxf“df 5 . To;n} ] lbStn] SofDk;df :gfts txdf cWoog/t

zAbfy{ 91
eGHofª M b'O6f rn' Lsf] larsf] ulx/f] efu, 8f“8f kf/ ug]{ 7fp,“ g6] f]
av]{ M jiff{ ;DaGwL

gk] fnL M sIff (

efph" k9fOsf ;fy;fy} 3/sf] sfd klg ug'{xG' 5 . d / efO klg km';b{ df 3/sf] sfd u5f}“{ .
a'af / cfdfsf] d'Vo sfd g} v]tLkftL xf] . vfg] cGg xfdL cfk}m“ pAhfp“5f“} . xfdLn] s'v'/f,
afv|f / e;“} L kfn]sf 5f“} . cG8f, sv' /' f, l3p cflb ar] /] ;fgfl] tgf] vr{ xfdL cfkm“} h6' fp“5f“}.
cfh xfdLn] Ps bhg{ cG8f, Pp6f sv' '/fsf] efn,] b'O{ s'?jf l3p / bO' { kfyL s6'; a]Rg
nu]sf lyof}“ . oL ;a} ;fdfg a]r/] xfdLn] sfkL, snd, lrgL, d;nf / l/rfh{ sf8x{ ¿ lsGof“} .

!&= laxfgsf] b; aHg' cufl8 g} xfdL lbStn] df /x]sf] /fli6o« jfl0fHo a}ª\s -/fjfa_} sf] zfvfdf
ku' s] f lyof“} . sfof{no vN' gf;fy efph"n] a}ª\sdf vftf vf]Ngsf nflu lgj]bg lbg'eof] . vftf
vfN] g] ;a} kl| jm| of k"/f x'g @ 3G6f hlt nfUg] /x5] . To; lardf xfdL sfG5f dfdfnfO{ e6] g\
pxf“ sfd ug{] lhNnf kz| f;g sfofn{ o -lhks| f_ lt/ nfUof“} . dfdf pxfs“ } sfos{ Ifdf e]l6ge' of] .
xfdLnfO{ bv] /] pxf“ ;f/} v';L x'ge' of], xfdL klg p:t} v;' L eof“} .

!*= dfdfn] xfdLnfO{ kd| v' lhNnf clwsf/L -kl| hc_ sf] sfo{sIfdf nh} fg'eof] . pxf“n] efph" /
dnfO{ kl| hc;u“ kl/ro u/fpg' eof] . ælogLx¿ k9fOdf klg cAan 5g\, 3/sf] sfd klg
u5g{ ,\ l;hg{ fTds ljm| ofsnfkdf klg Tolt
g} ?lr /fV5gÆ\ dfdfn] eGge' of] .

!(= dfdfsf] s/' f ;g' /] kl| hcn] xfdf| ] kz| +;f
ug'{eof] . pxf“n] eGg'eof], æ;fx|} /fd|f]
s'/f, k9fO;u“ ;“u} >d ug{] s/' f dnfO{
cf}wL dg k5{ . dflg;n] ug{] sfd /
l;k 7'nf / ;fgf eGg] xb'“ }gg,\ cfcfkmg\ f
7fp“df x/]ssf] dxŒj xG' 5 . zf/Ll/s
>d kg]{ / an nufpgk' g]{ sfdnfO{ x]nf
xfO] g, c¿nfO{ hlQs} ;Ddfg ugk'{ 5{ .Æ

@)= kl| hcn] efph" / d/] f] k9fO / ?lrsf af/d] f ;fW] g'eof] . efphn" ] eljiodf ;/sf/L sdr{ f/L
aGg] nIo ;g' fpg'eof] . d}n] snfsf/ aGg] nIo ;g' fP“ . pxfn“ ] efphn" fO{ :gftskl5 lghfdtL
;]jfsf] tof/L ug{ / dnfO{ snfsfl/tfdf rf;f] /fVb} k9fOdf hf8] lbg ;e' mfj lbge' of] . pxf“n]
eGge' of], æsnfsf/, /fhgLlt1, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, kf| Wofks, Jofkf/L cflb h];'s} aGgx' f];,\
cfkm\ gf] /f]hfO xf] . x/s] sf] cfcfk\mgf If]qdf dxŒj xG' 5 . t/ cfk"m h] aGg] xf], To;df
ulx/f] cle?lr / uxg cWoog eg] ugk{' 5{ .Æ

zAbfy{ sfd ug{] sf7] f
sfos{ If M pTsi[ 6, bIf
cAan M
gk] fnL M sIff (
92

@!= lhNnf k|zf;g sfofn{ oaf6 lg:s/] xfdL xn' fs 5]psf] ;fOa/df k:of}“ . ufp“df dfa] fOnaf6
OG6/g]6 rnfpg t ;lsG5 t/ ;fOa/df h:tf] ;l' jwf xb'“ }g . To;}n] ;b/d'sfd cfPsf
a]nf ;fOa/ gl5g]{ s'/} ePg . ;fOa/df a:gnfO{ xfdL;u“ w/] } ;do lyPg . efph" / dn} ]
kfnk} fnf] :sfOkaf6 bfO;u“ s/' f u¥of“} . cgx' f/ x/] fx/] u//] pxf;“ u“ s/' f gu/s] f] lgs} eO;ss] f]
lyof] . cfh ws kms' fP/ s/' f ul/of] . bfOn] cfdfa'afsf] :jf:Yo, pxfs“ f ;fyLx¿sf] xfnva/
/ xfd|f] k9fOsf af/d] f ;f]wvf]h ug{'eof] . pxf“n] xfdLnfO{ OG6/g]6nfO{ k9fO;u“ hf8] g\ 'kg]{ /
;fOa/ ck/fwbl] v ;rt] xg' k' g{] ;e' mfj klg lbge' of] .

@@= bfOn] xfdL;u“ rf“8} 3/ kmsg{ ] atfpge' of] . pxf“n] eGg'eof,] æxfdL w]/} vf]Hg] eP/ lau|]sf
/x5] f“} . xfd}| b]zdf w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsg] /x5] . oxf“ xfdL d?el" ddf km" n pdfl//xs] f
5f“} . Toxf“ Toqf] pAhfp hldg afe“ m} 5 . ca :jb]zd} sfd ul/G5 . d}n] g]kfnd} cfP/ s'g}
Pp6f Joj;fo ug]{ ofh] gf agfO;s]sf] 5' . ltdLx¿n] ;xofu] ugk{' 5{ .Æ bfOsf] ljrf/ /fd|f]
nfUof] . efph" / d}n] ;dy{g u¥of“} . xfd|f] ;dy{g kfP/ pxf“ v';L x'ge' of] .

@#= a}ª\ssf] sfd ;sk] l5 xfdLn] Ps k6s lbStn] ahf/ kl/j|mdf u¥of}“ . lrg]hfgs] f dflg;x¿;“u
;Grf] la;Grf] ;fW] b} xfdL cufl8 a9o\ f}“ . ;a} sfd l;WofP/ lbp;“ f] # ah] xfdL 3/lt/
nfUof}“ .

@$= cfh cln rf“8} vfgf vfof}“ . vfgfkl5 efph" / d}n] lbgel/ ePsf s'/fx¿ aa' fcfdfnfO{
a]lnla:tf/ nufof“} . lhNnfdf dlxnf k|d'v lhNnf clwsf/L cfPsf] s'/f ;'g/] cfdf lgs} v;' L
xg' 'eof] . pxfn“ ] eGge' of,] æltdLx¿ klg k9/] tL k|lhc gfgL h:t} 7n' f] dfG5] x'g'k5{ .Æ

@%= cfhsf] bl} gsL lgs} nfdf] eP h:t} 5 . cfx] f] ¤ !! kf] aHg nfu5] . ca cf/fd ug{k' 5{ .

zAbfy{ kT| oIf x]/fx/] u/]/ s'/fsfgL ug{ ldNg] sDo6' / kl| jlw
:sfOk M

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cEof;

;g' fO
!= kf7sf] la;f}“ / PSsfO;f}“ cgR' 5]b ;'gL l7s a]l7s 56' \ofpg'xf;] \ M

-s_ dªu\ nf eljiodf snfsf/ aGg rfxlG5g\ .
-v_ dª\unfsL efph" eljiodf lzIfs aGg rfxlG5g\ .
-u_ dªu\ nfsf bfhn' fO{ ;fOa/ ck/fwaf/] s]xL yfxf 5g} .
-3_ cfkm\gf] ?lrcg';f/ k];f ug'{k5{ t/ cfkm"n] /f]h]sf] If]qdf uxg cWoog eg] ug{

cfjZos xG' 5 .
@= kf7sf] bf;] f| ] / t;] |f] cgR' 5b] ;g' /] tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ dª\unf slt ah] pl7g\ / s] ul/g\ <
-v_ dªu\ nf !@ ut] laxfg lsg 3f;“ sf6\g uOgg\ <
-u_ dªu\ nfsf ljBfnodf x'g] cltl/St lj|mofsnfkx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-3_ dª\unfnfO{ dg kg{] cltl/St ljm| ofsnfk s'g sg' x'g\ <
-ª_ dªu\ nfsf ;ª\sf]r / 8/x¿ s;/L x6] <
#= kf7sf] kGw|f“} cg'R5b] >'ltn]vg ug'x{ f];\ .
afn] fO
!= tnsf zAbsf] z'4 pRrf/0f ug{x' f];\ M
kx| ;g, k'/:s[t, k:| km'6g, la8“ , u'hN' 6f]
@= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| f]u ug'x{ f];\ M
k|ltef, k|:km'6g, cug] f,] dGqdU' w, kl/j|mdf
#= tnsf k|Zgsf] dfl} vs pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
-s_ dªu\ nfnfO{ s] dg k5{ <
-v_ dª\unf / pgsf] efOn] hªu\ ndf hfb“ f s] vfhf nu]sf lyP <
-u_ dª\unf / pgsL efph" ;b/ds' fd lsg uPsf x'g\ <

94 gk] fnL M sIff (

-3_ ædflg;n] ug]{ sfd / l;k 7n' f / ;fgf eGg] xb“' }gg\Æ s;n] / lsg eg]sf] xf] <

-ª_ dª\unfsf tLg lbgsf b}lgsLdWo] tkfO“n{ fO{ sg' lbgsf] bl} gsL dg k¥of], lsg <

$= tkfO“n{ fO{ sg' cltl/St ljm| ofsnfkdf a9L ?lr 5 < sf/0f ;lxt atfpg'xf;] \ .

%= dªl\ ;/ !# ut] dª\unfn] u/s] f sfdx¿sf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .

^= eljiodf ;/sf/L sdr{ f/L aGg rfxg] dª\unfsL efphn" ] dlxnf k|lhc cfkmg\ f] sfos{ Ifdf
al;/xs] f] bV] bf pgsf] dgdf s:tf] larf/ pTkGg eof] xfn] f < cg'dfg u/L atfpgx' f];\ .

k9fO

!= dªu\ nfsf] klxnf] lbgsf] bl} gsLsf cg'R5]bx¿ kfnk} fnf] ;:j/jfrg ugx{' f];\ .

@= dªu\ nfsf] bf;] f| ] lbgsf] bl} gsL k9L tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M

-s_ dªu\ nf lsg jgdf uPsL xg' \ <

-v_ jgsf ?vx¿ sf6g\ s;sf] cgd' lt lngk' 5{ <

-u_ dª\unfx¿n] jgdf s] s] u/] <

-3_ dª\unfsf ;fyLx¿n] s] s] vfhf nus] f lyP <

-ª_ d'6' 5]8\g] xfjfx'/L egs] f] s] xf] <

#= t];|f] lbgsf] bl} gsL k9L dV' o d'Vo rf/ cf]6f a“b' f l6Kgx' f];\ .

$= kf7 k9L tnsf egfO s;n] s;nfO{ eg]sf xg' \, kQf nufpgx' f];\ M

-s_ x/]s dflg;df s'g} g s'g} ks| f/sf] kl| tef xG' 5, ;as} f] k|ltefn] k|:km6' g x'g] cj;/
kfpgk' 5{ .

-v_ snfsf/, /fhgLlt1, 8fS6/, OlGhlgo/, kf| Wofks cflb h;] s' } aGgx' f;] ,\ cfkmg\ f] /fh] fO xf] .

-u_ xfd|} bz] df w]/} sfd ug{ ;lsg] /x]5 . oxf“ xfdL d?e"lddf km" n pdfl//xs] f 5f“} . Toxf“
Toqf] pAhfp hldg afe“ m} 5 .

%= kf7sf zAbfy{ v08df gk/s] f t/ tkfO{“nfO{ sl7g nfu]sf zAb l6kL ltgsf] cy{ zAbsfz] sf
;xfotfn] nV] gx' f;] \ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 95