Nepali Book Class 9

n]vfO

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f]6f] pQ/ nV] g'xf];\ M
-s_ dª\unfsf] v6' 6\ f sfDg 5f]8\gs' f] sf/0f s] xg' \ <
-v_ dªu\ nf / pgsf efO x/]s laxfg s] sfd u5g{ \ <
-u_ dªu\ nfx¿ lsg hª\un uPsf x'g\ <
-3_ dª\unfsf] 3/af6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd kU' g slt ;do lx“8\gk' 5{ <
-ª_ dª\unf / pgsL efph"n] lbStn] ahf/df s] s] ;fdfg lsg] <
-r_ eljiodf tkfO“{ s] aGg rfxg' xG' 5 <

@= tnsf egfOx¿sf] efjlj:tf/ ugx{' f];\ M
-s_ k|lt:kwf{ egk] l5 Psks| f/sf] 56k6fx6 eg] x“'bf] /x5] .
-v_ zf/Ll/s >d kg{] / an nufpgk' g{] sfdnfO{ xn] f xfO] g, c¿nfO{ hlQs} ;Ddfg ugk{' 5{ .

#= kf7sf] @! cf}“ cg'R5b] nfO{ $ cf]6f a“b' f l6kL Ps tt[ Lof+zdf ;f/fz+ n]Vg'xf];\ .

$= s'g} 7fpd“ f e|d0f ubfs{ f] :d/0f u/L Ps lbgsf] b}lgsL nV] g'xf];\ .

%= tnsf] uBf+zaf6 5f6] f] pQ/ cfpg] kfr“ cf6] f k|Zg agfpgx' f];\ M
kfv] /f k|sl[ tsf ¿kdf dfq rlrt{ geO{ efiff, ;flxTo / snfsf Ifq] df klg rlr{t 5 .
k|s[ltsf cg'kd ;f}Gbo{ df5fk'R5«], km]jftfn, a]ugf;tfn, ¿kftfndf h;/L 5l/Psf] 5
To;/L g} ;]tLsf] ulx/f] ;;' fOdf 5 . dxG] b| u'kmfsf] sfnf] cf]9f/ cfZro{df nl] vPsf] 5 .
cfkmg\ f hLjgsf cg'e"lt ;f6g\ x] ¿;u“ ;:+ sl[ t eP/ 3f6' x's{s] f] 5, ;f/] 7L ul' GhPsf] 5 .
;:+ sf/;u“ } /fw] L / ;n] f,] emo\ fp/] tfn, tofdrf tyf nfv] gfr klg xl' sP{ sf] 5 . kfv] /n] L ;G' tnf
h:t} /l;nf] eP/ kf]v/n] L kl/jz] nl] vPsf] 5 . oxL e"lddf n]vgfy kf}8o\ fnsf] jfl0f{s nosf]
u~' hg 5 . cln ldof / wd/{ fh yfkfsf] nfs] unfsf] ld7f; 5 / e"lk z]/rgsf] uBfTds
kBsf] nlnt /Gsf] c6fPsf] 5 .
-;s' 'd zdf{ M s[lt kl/ro_

96 gk] fnL M sIff (

^= jfSodf k|ofu] ug{x' f];\ M

;/fxgf, x'n, t'nan' , cltl/St ljm| ofsnfk, ;fOa/ ck/fw

&= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L ;ªl\ IfKt zAb agfpgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f M uf/] vfkq M uf]k ÷uf]=k=

k|fWofks, 8fS6/, kl08t, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, /fli6«o ;dfrf/ ;ldlt, ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3

*= kf7df k|ofu] ePsf ;ªl\ IfKt zAbx¿ vfh] ]/ ltgsf] k"0f{ ¿k nV] gx' f;] \ .

(= kf7af6 x|:j psf/ - ' _ / bL3{ pmsf/ - " _ nfus] f zAbx¿ vf]hL nV] gx' f;] \ .

!)= kf7af6 v6' 6\ f] sf6]sf -xnGt_ cIf/ k|of]u ePsf kfr“ zAb vf]h]/ n]Vg'xf;] \ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] cgR' 5b] df /xs] f ljelSt lrg/] tkfO{“ klg ljelSt kT| oosf] ko| fu] u/L sg' } d]nf jf
hfqfdf hf“bfsf] cg'ej nV] g'xf;] \ M

s[i0ffsL ldltgL 8f]Ndf pgsf] 3/ uOg\ / pgn] cfkm\gf] ljjfxsf] lgdGq0ff lbOg\ .
ljjfxdf si[ 0ffn] klg 8fN] dfnfO{ ;Sbf] ;xof]u ul/g\ . ljjfxsf] cGTodf 8fN] dfn] elgg,\
æltd|f] ;xof]usf nflu w]/} w/] } wGojfb 5 .Æ ljjfxkl5 si[ 0ff v;' L x“b' } cfkmg\ f 3/ uOg\ .

@= pkoS' t ljelSt k|of]u u/L vfnL 7fp“ eg{'xf];\ M

;h' g oh' g=== bfh' x'g\ . :jl:tsf pgLx¿ ====alxgL x'g\ . ;h' g=== dg kg]{ ljifo sljtf /
lrqsnf xf] . To;n} ] x/s] laxfg Ps 306f ;'hg, pgL / :jl:tsf=== lrq agfpg / sljtf
n]Vg l;sfp5“ g\ . pgLx¿ v/fa ;fyL==== 6f9} /xG5g\ .

#= kf7sf] !^ cf“} cgR' 5]bdf k|of]u ePsf ljelStx¿ n]Vgx' f];\ .

$= tnsf] cg'R5]bdf /v] fªl\ st låTj zAbnfO{ sfkLdf ;fg{'xf;] \ M

;x/dfgn] ;fyLx¿sf 3/ 3/df uP/ pgLx¿nfO{ l56f] l56f] p7fof] . ;fyLx¿n] klg xtf/
xtf/ cfcfk\mgf ;fdfg emfn] fdf kfs] f] kf/] . ;;fgf emf]nf afs] /] pgLx¿ af6f] nfu] . xtf/
ePsfn] pgLx¿n] eft;ft vfg EofPgg\, la:s'6l;:s'6 vfP/ lx8“ ] .

%= tnsf k"0f{, cfl+ zs / cfkl/jlt{t låTj zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug{'xf;] \ M

-c_ k0" f{ låTj M l56f] l56f,] 3/ 3/, ;a} ;a}, cfkmg\ f] cfkmg\ f,] ;do ;do, :sn' :sn'

-cf_ cf+lzs låTj M cfcfk\mgf, ;;fgf, 7N' 7'nf, ;/;fdfg, ememNsf], em}emu8f

gk] fnL M sIff ( 97

-O_ ckl/jlt{t låTj M eft;ft, ufb] ufb, l6kg6fkg, k};f;;} f, P“]rfk] “}rf,] af6f];f6f]
^= kf7df k|ofu] ePsf låTj zAbx¿ vfh] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpgx' f];\ .
&= tn sx] L ;fdfGo wft' / gfd wft' lbOPsf 5g\ . pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L tL wftd' f ‘g'’

kT| oo nufO{ zAb agfpg'xf;] \ M
pbfx/0f M vf ± g' = vfg', k9fp ± g' = k9fpg', sdfp -sfd ± cfp_ ± g' = sdfpg,'
nfl] e -nfe] ± O_ ± g' = nfl] eg'
;fdfGo wft' M a;,\ lx“8,\ w,' xf“;\, afn] ,\ n]v,\ u/\, p7,\ bv] \
gfd wft' M 5fl] 6, rl] K6, l3gfp, gªU\ ofp, df6] fp, aª\Uofp
*= kf7sf] !@ cf“} cgR' 5b] df ko| fu] ePsf ljm| ofkbx¿ l6kf6] u/L ltgsf wftx' ¿ klxNofpgx' f;] \ .
(= tnsf wfta' f6 zAb lgdf{0f u/L jfSodf k|of]u ug'x{ f;] \ M
u/,\ ;t' ,\ lx8“ ,\ k]m/\, n]v\, eg\

l;hg{ fTds sfo{

tnsf ljifodf cfk\mgf] cg'ej / sfo{ ;d]6L Ps lbgsf] bl} gsL n]Vg'xf;] \ M
-s_ sg' } gbL lsgf/, kxf8 jf hªu\ ndf hf“bfsf] cg'ej
-v_ s'g} rf8kj{sf] lbg
-u_ k/LIffkmn k|sflzt ePsf] lbg

98 gk] fnL M sIff (

kf7 !! 8fS6/ cª\sn

– cfTdf/fd zdf{ k'8f;g} L

!= k;' sf] dlxgf, s]xL lbgbl] v afbn nfu/]
lbg w'lDdPsf] lyof] . bs{]/ kfgL kg{ klg
;s]sf] lyPg / 3fd klg k6Ss} nfus] f]
lyPg . lr;f] w/] } a9s] f] lyof] . dflg;x¿
3/ 3/df cu]gf,] lx6/ / dsndf cfuf]
tfk]/ jl/kl/ al;/x]sf lyP . s]6fs]6L,
oj' f, a'9fkfsf ;an} fO{ hf8fn] g/fdf| ;] “u
ufh“ s] f] lyof] . hf8fsf] labf ePsfn]
s6] fs6] L klg ljBfno uPsf lyPgg\ .

@= ToxL hf8fsf] lbg 8f= sdnsf] klg 56' 6\ L
lyof] . ;we“} l/ Nofk6k / cfOKof8df
e'mQL vl] n/xg] 5f]/f5f]/L klg cfh eg] lx6/sf] jl/kl/ g} e'mlDdPsf lyP . 5f]/L ;'lgtfn]
la:tf/} s/' f lgsfnL . cfk\mgf ;fyLx¿n] xh'/af / xh/' cfdfaf6 ld7f ld7f syf ;'Gg] u/s] f]
t/ cfkm" n] eg] To:tf] cj;/ slxNo} gkfPsf] ug' f;f] u/L . 5f/] f] ljb/' sf] klg To;}df ;xdlt
ylkof] . cfh pgLx¿n] afafaf6} syf ;G' g] k|:tfj cufl8 ;f/] . bj' } lbbL efO ldn/] 8f=
sdnnfO{ syf eGg lgs} s/ ub}{ lyP . pgL cfk"mnfO{ syf eGg k6Ss} cfpb“ g} eg]/ 6fl//x]
y] . lx6/sf] glhs a;]sf cfkmg\ f 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ pgn] k6Ss} kG5fpg ;sg] g\ / syf eGg
;'? u/] .

#= æxfdf| ] g]kfnsf] klZrd kxf8df ;Ltfk/' gfdsf] Pp6f ;fgf] ufp“ lyof] . To; ufp“sf w]/}
dflg;x¿ ls;fgL cyft{ \ v]tLkftLsf] sfd ug]{ ub{y] . ul/aLsf sf/0fn] ubf{ pgLx¿ an] favt
;b/ds' fd uP/ ;fx' / 7s] b] f/x¿sf] ef/L af]Sg,] ;8s agfpg] sfd;dt] uby{ ] . pltv/]
To; ufp“af6 lhNnf ;b/d'sfd k'Ug rf/ lbg;Dd lx8“ \g'kbY{ of] . Tolt 6f9f;Dd ku' /] ufps“ f
dflg;x¿ g'gt]n / nu' fkmf6fsf] hf]/hfd ug{] uby{ ] .

zAbfy{ 99
cug] f] M bfp/f afNg] 7fp“
uf“h]sf] M pDsg g;Sg] u//] ;dft]sf]
hf/] hfd M aGbf]a:t

g]kfnL M sIff (

$= ;Ltfk/' ufp“df Pp6f clt g} ul/a ls;fg kl/jf/ lyof] . To; 3/df bO' { 5f/] f, Ps 5f/] L
/ cfdfaa' f u/L hDdf kf“r hgfsf] kl/jf/ lyof] . h7] f] / sfG5f] jm| dzM tLg / b'O{ sIffdf
k9\y] . 5f]/LnfO{ Toltv/] k9fpg] rng gePsfn] 5f]/Ln] 3/df a;/] afa'cfdfnfO{ sfd ;3fpg]
uyL{ . afac' fdf ;do ;dodf ;b/d'sfddf ef/L af]Sg hfg] uy{] . Ps lbg ef/L af]s/]
cfk\mgf] ufp“ kmljm{ “bf le/af6 n8/] cfdf rflx“sf] af6fd} d[To' eof] .Æ

%= 5f/] f ljb'/n] ;f]Wof], æTof] ;Ltfk'/ ufp“ xfdf| ] kxf8sf] ufp“ h:t} lyof] xf] afaf <Æ

^= 8f= sdnn] eg,] æc“ xf,] To:t} g} lyof] .Æ

&= æxfdLnfO{ xfd|f] ufp“ slxn] n}hfg] afaf <Æ 5f/] L ;l' gtfn] afa';u“ kZ| g u/L . 5f]/f ljb/' n]
eGof,] æx}g, xg} afaf ¤ klxnf syf g} eGg'xf;] ,\ clg To;kl5 s] eof] <Æ

*= æclg To;kl5 To; 3/sf ls;fg / s]6fs6] Lx¿sf] larNnL eof] . s6] fs]6L ;fg} lyP .
ls;fgn] ef/L af]s/] sdfP/ Nofcf];\ ls 3/sf] sfd u/f;] \ ¤ t}klg p;n] x/]; vfPg . ;a}
;d:of;“u PSn} h'lw/x\of] . p;n] s;} u/] klg 3/sf] cj:yf nyflnª\u / etfe'ªu\ aGgaf6
hf]ufpg ;sg] . 3/sf] ul/aL / clzIffsf sf/0f ls;fgsL 5f/] L pd]/ gk'Ub} cfk}m“ ljjfx
u/]/ uO{ . 7'nf] 5f/] f] k9b\ fk9b\ } ljBfno 5f8/] k/bz] nfUof] . sfG5f] 5f]/f ;fg} ePsfn]
3/ 5f8]/ st} hfg ;sg] . o;}n] ;a} bb' {zf vk/] eP klg pm ljBfnodf k9\bYof] / cfkm\ gf
afa;' “u 3/df g} a:Yof] .

(= Ps lbg sfG5f] 5f/] fn] al' 4 laluP| / sfkL lsGg afas' f] b; ?lkof“ lems5] . ToxL l/;df p;nfO{
afan' ] ufnL u¥of] . b; ?lkofs“ f nflu 5f/] fnfO{ ufnL ugk{' g{] cfkm\ gf] ul/aL bv] /] p;sf] d6' '
lrl/P/ cfof] . pm dem] /Ldf a;/] ?g yfNof] . p;n] ;b/ds' fddf ;fxs' f] ef/L afS] g hfb“ f kfPsf]
k;} f paf//] b;d“} f 5f/] fnfO{ nu' f xflnlbg ykyfk xG' 5 eg/] /fvs] f] lyof] . ToxL k;} f 5f/] fn]
dfl;lbb“ f p;nfO{ l/; p7g\ ' :jfefljs} lyof] . k;} f sdfpg] sfd p;sf nflu si6s/ lyof] .

!)= cfdf gePsf] To; 6'x'/fnfO{ dfof ug]{ afa'afx]s c¿ sf]xL lyPg . bfh' lbbL klg
cfcfk\mgf af6f nflu;s]sf lyP . p;n] h;nfO{ cfk\mgf] ;Dk0" f{ cfwf/ dfg]sf] lyof,] pxL JolSt
To;/L /f]Psf] bV] bf p;n] ;xg ;s]g . afa' rflx“ efl] nkN6 laxfg} dhb/' L ug{ lx“l8;s]sf]

zAbfy{

larNnL M laNnLaf7
nyflnªu\ M laluP| sf]
etfe'ª\u M gi6e|i6
b'bz{ f M v/fa xfnt
paf//] M arfP/
6'x/' f M afa'cfdf gePsf

100 g]kfnL M sIff (

lyof] . cfdf dbf{ pm ;fg} lyof] . p;sf cfvF“ fdf cfdfsf] wldnf] tl:a/ pbfof] . pgn} fO{
;Dem] / ?b“ f?“b} p;sf] laxfg laTof] . cl3Nnf] lbgsf] Ps 8Nnf] l98“ f] / uG' b|'ssf] emf]n vfof] .
;;+ f/df p;sf] cfkm\ gf] eGg] ToxL Pp6f afa' lyof] . p;n] k};f sdfP/ afa'nfO{ ;3fpg]
ljrf/ u¥of] . To;}n] cfÇgf] afa'nfO{ ;dt] dfof df//] ToxL lbg pm 3/af6 lg:s/] lx“8\of] .

!!= p;sf cufl8 eljiosf] s'g} tl:a/ lyPg . p;“u cfdf d/]/ af“sL /x]sf] clnslt ljut
lyof] . p;n] cfkm\ gf] jt{dfgaf6 efUg 3/ 5f8s] f] lyof] . b'Mvk"0f{ jtd{ fgn] eg] p;nfO{
nv]6\g 5f8]g . w/] } g} xG8/ 7Ss/ vfb“ }, bM' v vKb} pm t/fO{df /x]sf] c~rn ;b/d'sfd;Dd
kU' of] . ToxL“ Pp6f Jofkf/Lsf 3/df 3/n] ' ;xofu] Lsf ¿kdf a:of] .

!@= æclg pm ;w}“ ToxL“ a:of] afaf <Æ 5f/] f ljb'/n] c“Wof/f] d'v nufP/ kZ| g u¥of] .

!#= c“, To;kl5 pm To; 3/df dx] gt / Odfgbf/Lsf ;fy sfd ub}{ ljBfnodf rf/ sIffdf g}
egf{ eP/ k9\g yfNof] . p;sf] k9fO / dx] gt bv] /] ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿ p;nfO{ w/] } g}
dfof ub{y] . pm / p;sf ;fyLx¿sf gk] fnL cIf/ eg] Tolt /fdf| lyPgg\ . oxL sf/0f Ps
lbg ljBfnodf gk] fnL sIffdf u'?n] ‘dnfO{ cfdfn] w/] } w]/} dfof ug'{x'G5’ eGg] zLif{sdf
cfkm\ gf cge' j j0fg{ ug{ lbge' of.] pSt zLifs{ sfkLsf] kfgfdf ;f//] pm lgs} ;do 3fl] /O/xo\ f] .
;fyLx¿n] n]vL ;s/] u?' nfO{ ae' mfP t/ p;n] nV] b} n]v]g .

!$= 5f/] L ;l' gtfn] kZ| g u/L, ælsg gnv] s] f] afaf < pm /fdf| ] k9g\ ] / 1fgL ljBfyL{ lyof] egs] f] xfO] g / <Æ

!%= æx'g t xf,] t/ p;n] To; lbg Tof] cg'ej n]v]g / 6f]nfP/ al;/x\of] .Æ clg u'?n] ;fW] ge' of,]
æltdLn] lsg gn]v]sf] x“ <Æ

!^= pm af]Nb} af]ng] . u?' n] lgs} s]/sf/ u/], pm ;“'Ss;'“Ss u//] ?g yfNof] . b'Mv dfg]/ pm lgs}
;do;Dd /f]O/x\of] . Psl5gkl5 u'?n] ?gs' f] sf/0f ;f]Wg'eof]. clg p;n] atfof], æu'? dnfO{
dfof ug{] d/] L cfdf x'g'x'Gg, tkfO“n{ ] n]Vg lbge' Psf] sfdn] ubf{ dnfO{ d/] L cfdfsf] ;Demgf

zAbfy{
dhb'/L M Hofnfbf/L
ljut M lats] f] ;do
6f]nfP/ M Psf]xf]l/P/

gk] fnL M sIff ( 101

cfof] . clg d /fP] sf] x“' .Æ

!&= p;sf] o:tf] dflds{ s/' f ;g' /] u'?n] p;sf af/]df w/] } g} ulxl/P/ ;fw] Lvf]hL ug'e{ of] . p;sf
;a} s/' f ;g' L ;s]kl5 u'?n] ca lats] f s'/fnfO{ w/] } g;Dem eg/] ;fGTjgf lbg'eof.]

!*= syf eGbfeGb} 8f= sdnsf] 5ftL eSsflgof] / syfnfO{ l56f] l56f] 6ª' U\ ofpg vfH] b} pgn]
km]l/ eg,] æ;do laTb} uof], pm k9fOdf ;w“} cAan xb'“ } uof] . k9fOdf dx] gtL / cg'zfl;t
ljBfyL{ ePsfn] p;nfO{ ;a} lzIfsx¿n] dfof ug]{ uy{] . p;n] ToxL ljBfnoaf6 k|yd >]0fLdf
kj| l] zsf pQL0f{ u¥of] . p;sf] k9fOkl| tsf] nugzLntf / ?lr bv] /] ToxL ljBfnosf lzIfsx¿n]
;xof]u u/]sfn] pm /fhwfgLdf uP/ lj1fg SofDk;df egf{ eof] . sf7df8fd}“ f p;n] w/] } g}
bM' v u¥of] . ;?' ;?' sf lbgdf HofdLsf] sfd klg u¥of] . kl5 eg] ljBfno k9g\ ] s6] fs6] LnfO{
;fe“ m laxfg k9fP/ cfk"m SofDk;df k9g\ yfNof] . o;/L csf{sf] 3/df a;]/ bM' v;'v sf6]/
sf7df8f“} cfPkl5 pm cfkm} “ SofDk; k9\g ;Sg] eof] .Æ

!(= 5f/] f ljb'/n] ;fW] of,] æclg p;n] sxf“ hflu/ vfof] afaf <Æ

@)= 8f= sdnn] eGb} uP, ækv g kv, To;kl5 pm lj1fg ljifodf pTsi[ 6 eof] . ;/sf/af6
ljbz] df 8fS6/L k9\g hfg] 5fqjl[ Q kfPsfn] p;n] sx] L jif{sf nflu g]kfn 5f8\of] .Æ

@!= 5f/] L ;l' gtfn] kZ| g u/L, æxh'/ 8fS6/ k9g\ uPs} SofDk;df pm k9\g uPsf] xf] afaf <Æ

@@= æxf], 7o\ fSs}, ToxL 7fp“df pm uPsf] xf] gfgL . To;kl5 kf“r jif{;Dd ljb]zdf k9]/ 8fS6/
ag/] cfof] . clxn] b; jifb{ l] v pm
klg dn} ] sfd ug]{ c:ktfndf g} sfd
u5{ .Æ

@#= 5f]/L ;'lgtfn] km]l/ ;f]wL, æxh'/
;f“Rr} p;nfO{ lrGg'xG' 5 t afaf <
eGg'xf;] \ g, eGg'xf];\ g eGof .Æ bj' }
5f]/f5f]/Ln] 8f= sdn;“u Ps} k6s
cfZro{ dfg]/ k|Zg u/] .

@$= æxf], p;nfO{ d dfq x}g, ltdLx¿sL
dfd'n] klg lrgs] L 5g\ . ltdLx¿

zAbfy{
pTsi[ 6 M ;aeGbf /fd|f]

102 gk] fnL M sIff (

bj' n} ] lrg]sf 5f} .Æ olt eGb} 8f= sdnn] cfv“ faf6 b'O{ yf]kf cf;“ ' tKk v;fn] .

@%= ;l' gtfn] k]ml/ ;fw] L, æclg p;sf] afaf lg <Æ

@^= sdnn] eg], æpm ljbz] df k9\g hfgc' l3 g} ;Ltfk/' uPsf] lyof] . p;n] 3/ 5f8s] f] 5 dlxgfdf
g} p;sf] afas' f] dT[ o' eO;s]sf] /x5] . cfk\mgf] afan' fO{ ;'v;“u kfNg] p;sf] wfs] f] k/" f x'g
kfPg .Æ

@&= cfv“ fsf] cf;“ ' k'5\bfk5' \b} 5f/] L ;l' gtfn] b]lvxfnL . 5f/] Ln] c“Wof/f] d'v nufP/ ;f]wL, æxfdLn]
lrgs] f] Tof] 8f= cª\sn sf] xf] < xh/' sf] c;fWo} ldNg] ;fyL xf] ls < p;nfO{ xh'/n]
klxnb] l] v g} lrGge' Psf] xf] ls ;u“ } sfd ug{ yfnk] l5 dfq} < atfpgx' f;] \ g afafÆ p;n] lgs} hf8]
u/L .

@*= cf“;n' ] 6Dd el/Psf cf“vf k'5\b} pgn] eg,] æTof] 8fS6/ cªs\ n d g} x'“ .Æ

@(= ;'lgtf / ljb'/ bj' } cfkm\ gf afafnfO{ x]/]sf] x¥] o} eP . Psl5gkl5 b'jn} ] pgnfO{ cu“ fnf] xfn]
/ w]/} a]/;Dd c“ufnf] xfln/x] . lgs} a/] kl5 ?Gr] xf“;f] xf“:b} afafsf] ufnf d';fb{} pgLx¿n]
Ps :j/df eg,] æxh/' h:tf] afafsf] ;Gtfg x'g kfPsfdf xfdLnfO{ uf/} j 5 .Æ

#)= sdnsf cf“vfaf6 alnGb|wf/f cf“;' vl;/x\of] . pgn] cfk\mgf b'j} ;GtfgnfO{ c“ufnfdf
a]/] .

zAbfy{
wf]sf] M rfxgf
alnGbw| f/f M c66'

gk] fnL M sIff ( 103

-‘8fS6/ cª\sn’ syf ;ª\u|xaf6_

cEof;

;g' fO

!= syfsf] bf];f| ] cgR' 5b] ;G' g'xf];\ / l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ hf8fsf lbg dfq} s6] fs6] Lx¿ Nofk6k / cfOKof8df e'mQL v]N5g\ .
-v_ ;l' gtfn] xh'/af / xh'/cfdfaf6 syf ;'Gg kfPsL lyOg .
-u_ 8f= sdnn] ;l' gtf / ljb/' nfO{ syf eGg nufP .
-3_ sdnn] syf eGg ;'? u/] .

@= syfsf] t];|f] cgR' 5]b ;'g]/ tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ ;Ltfk'/ ufp“ sxf“ lyof] <
-v_ To; ufps“ f dflg;x¿sf] k;] f s] lyof] <
-u_ pgLx¿ ls;fgLafx]s c¿ s] sfd uy{] <
-3_ ufpn“ ]x¿ g'gt]n / nu' fkmf6fsf] hf/] hfd s;/L uy{] <

-ª_ ‘g'gtn] ’ / ‘n'ufkmf6f]’ zAbnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug{'xf;] \ .

#= tnsf] cgR' 5]b ;g' ]/ cGTodf ;f]lwPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

afUdtL c~rnsf] k"jl{ t/ hgsk/' c~rn k5{ . bf]nvf ToxL c~rnsf] kxf8L lhNnfsf]
gfd xf] . o; lhNnfdf kl| ;4 s]xL :ynx¿ 5g\ . gk] fnsf] l:jh/NofG8 dflgPsf] lh/L,
Pl;ofsf] ;dosf] dfks dflgPsf] uf}/Lzª\s/ lxdfn cflbn] ubf{ bf]nvfsf] kl| ;l4 lbg k|ltlbg
al9/x]sf] 5 . To;sf ;fy} ko6{ gsf bl[ i6n] dxŒjk"0f{ dflgPsf] sfln~rf]s, wfld{s ko6{ gsf
bl[ i6n] dxŒjk0" f{ bfn] vf eLd;g] , gk] fns} ;aeGbf 7'nf] hnljB't\ cfofh] gf tfdfsf];L h:tf
s/' fn] klg bfn] vf kl| ;4 g} 5 . To;sf cltl/St lh/]n, ;'/]n, yfdL h:tf ljljw hfltsf]
cflbel" d klg bf]nvf g} xf] .
-s_ bf]nvf sxf“ k5{ <
-v_ bfn] vf lsg kl| ;4 5 <
-u_ uf/} Lzªs\ / lxdfnsf] ljlzi6tf s]df /x]sf] 5 <
-3_ g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf 7n' f] hnljB't\ cfofh] gfsf] gfd s] xf] <

104 gk] fnL M sIff (

-ª_ bf]nvf sg' s'g hfltsf] cflb ynf] xf] <

afn] fO

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] l7s pRrf/0f ugx{' f;] \ M

;b/ds' fd, b'bz{ f, bu' {lt, 7o\ fSs}, 7s] ]bf/

@= syfdf n]vsn] Pp6f ul/a 6x' '/f] s]6f] 8fS6/ ags] f] bv] fP/ s'g s'/f l;4 ug{ vf]hs] f xg' \
eGg] af/d] f sIffdf 5nkmn ug'x{ f;] \ . 5nkmnkl5sf] lgisif{nfO{ sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf;] \ .

#= sf7df8fd“} f 3/n] ' sfdbf/ ags] f pu]{g / k|ldnfsf] bw' lsGg] k;ndf e6] x'G5 . pgLx¿n]
cfkm" n] sfd ug]{ 3/df cfkm" x¿kl| t xg' ] Jojxf/sf af/]df ug]{ s/' fsfgL nv] L xfpefp;lxt
sIffdf k|:tt' ug'{xf];\ .

$= tkfO+{“ cfkm" nfO{ eljiodf s:tf] agfpg rfxg'x'G5 < o; af/]df a“b' f agfpgx' f];\ / sIffdf k:| tt'
ugx{' f;] \ .

k9fO

!= tnsf zAb;u“ To;dl' gsf jfSodf lbOPsf /v] fªl\ st zAbsf] cy{ vfh] L hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

a]xfn, elTsPsf], lahf]u, afbnn] 9flsPsf], hDdf ug{] sfd

===== -s_ sx] L lbgb]lv afbn nfu]/ lbg w'lDdPsf] lyof] .

===== -v_ Tolt 6f9f;Dd ku' ]/ ufps“ f dflg;x¿ gg' t]n / n'ufkmf6fsf] hf/] hfd ug{] ub{y] .

===== -u_ To; 3/sf ls;fg / s6] fs6] Lx¿sf] larNnL eof] .

===== -3_ 3/sf] cj:yf etfeª' \u aGg kU' of] .

===== -ª_ p;a} f6 cfh o:tf] b'ul{ t ePsf] lyof] .

@= cf7f}“ / gjf“} cg'R5]bnfO{ ;:j/jfrg ug'{xf];\ / tL cgR' 5b] k9\g slt ;do nfUof] lzIfs;u“
;f]Wgx' f;] \ .

#= tnsf] cgR' 5b] k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pTt/ lbg'xf];\ M

gk] fnL ;dfhdf ev/{ } dfq gof“kgsf s]xL ;ª\s]t b]vf kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . gk] fndf ePsf]

/fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf nflu klg k[i7e"ld tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 .

vf; u/L @)$^ ;fnsf] kl/jtg{ kl5 ;~rf/sf If]qdf Jofks ljsf; ePsf] 5 . g]kfn klg

Pp6} ufp“sf ¿kdf ljsl;t ePsf] ljZjsf] Pp6f cª\u ags] f] 5 . ljZjdf ljsl;t 1fg

lj1fgsf x/]s cfofd;“u g]kfnLsf] kl/ro dfq geO{ 3lgi7tf;dt] al9;ss] f] 5 . ;dfhdf

cg]sg\ ljeb] df k/s] f hg;db' fo klg ;f]xL sf/0fn] 6f7faf7f alg/x]sf 5g\ . o; jm| ddf

gk] fnLx¿ kofK{ t dfqfdf JolStjfbL klg alg/xs] f 5g\ . :jfys{ f] efjgfn] dflg;nfO{ JolStjfbL

agfp“5 . of] kj" Lo{ ;Eotfsf] ljk/Lt cfr/0f xf] . c;n s/' fsf] ;fy nfu/] v/fa s/' f klg

g]kflneLlqMb“ fs/Ixff5] (g\ . 105

-s_ g]kfnL ;dfhdf ss] f nflu ki[ 7e"ld tof/ eO/x]sf] 5 <
-v_ clxn] ljZjsf] :j¿k s:tf] ag]sf] 5 <
-u_ s:tf dflg;df kl/jt{g cfpg yfn]sf] 5 <
-3_ ;~rf/sf] clws ljsf;n] b]vf k/]sf g/fdf| s'/f s] x'g\ <
-ª_ ‘ki[ 7el" d’ / ‘cfofd’ zAbx¿sf] cy{ zAbsf]zsf] ko| f]u u/]/ nV] g'xf];\ .
$= syfaf6 d'Vo d'Vo % cf]6f 36gfnfO{ j|md ldnfP/ l6Kg'xf;] \ .
n]vfO
!= syf k9L tnsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ n]Vg'xf;] \ M
-s_ afnaflnsf 3/df a:bfsf] ;do s;/L latfpg rfxG5g\ <
-v_ ;'lgtfn] s] u'gf;f] u/L <
-u_ afnaflnsfsf] rl/q lgdf0{ fdf cleefjssf] e"ldsf s:tf] xg' 'k5{ <
-3_ ls;fgsf] 3/sf] cj:yf lsg etfeª' u\ ag]sf] lyof] <
-ª_ ls;fgn] 5f]/fnfO{ ufnL ugs{' f k5fl8sf] dd{ s] lyof] <
@= syfsf] t]/f}“ cg'R5]baf6 rf/ cf]6f dV' o d'Vo a'“bf l6kL ;f/fz+ n]Vg'xf];\ .
#= 8fS6/ cªs\ n syfsf] dn" cfzo s] xf] <
$= JofVof ugx{' f;] \ M
-s_ ;a} b'b{zf vk]/ eP klg pm ljBfnodf k9\bYof] / cfkm\ gf afa;' “u 3/df g} a:Yof] .
%= 8fS6/ sdnn] cfÇgf] JolStTj lgdf{0fsf jm| ddf u/]sf ;ª3\ if{af/] cfÇgf] wf/0ff n]Vg'xf;] \ .
^= ‘ul/aL’ zLif{sdf Pp6f cgR' 5b] /rgf ug'x{ f];\ .
&= ‘dflg;n] k0" f{ ;dlkt{ ePkl5 dfq} ;f“rf] cy{df nIo xfl;n ug{ ;S5’ eGg] zLifs{ df ;j{ky| d
lzIfsaf6 ab“' fx¿ kf| Kt ug'x{ f];\ . lzIfsaf6 kf| Kt ab“' fnfO{ syfsf ¿kdf n]Vg'xf];\ .
*= 8fS6/ cªs\ nsf] :yfgdf tkfO{“ x'g' ePsf] eP s] ug'x{ 'GYof] < cfkm\ gf] ts{ lbg'xf];\ .

106 gk] fnL M sIff (

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf jm[ t kT| oo nufO{ b'O{ bO' { cf6] f zAb agfpgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f M ;g' \ ± cfO = ;g' fO

cSs8, pjf, Onf], cGt, cf]6, g', cs

@= tnsf tl4t kT| ooåf/f bO' { bO' { zAb lgdf0{ f ug'x{ f];\ M

pbfx/0f M n]s ± cfnL = n]sfnL

cfnL, Onf], PnL, cfxf, tJo, pjf, tf, lt, cfn', O{, P, cf}gf, Os

#= tnsf zAbx¿dWo]af6 s[bGt / tl4tfGt zAb 5'6\ofP/ nV] gx' f];\ M

vfP/, ae' mSs8, v]Nb}, bofn,' af]n]/, kfv] /]nL, gful/s, rg' fp, ls6fg, kfl] ;nf], oxL, vn] f8L,
xf/s] f,] yg' j' f, agfj6, xfl] ;of/, g'lgnf,] leIfs' , vfg, v]n]/, lx“8b\ }, ;xl/of, km6fxf

$= tn lbOPsf zAbx¿sf] lgdf{0f k|lj|mof bv] fO{ ltgnfO{ sb[ Gt jf tl4tfGt bO' { ;d"xdf ljefhg
ug'x{ f;] \ M

rlDsnf,] ;G' b/tf, ufp“n,] lxdfnL, /fk] fO“, le8Gt, km6fxf, bw' fn', duGt], cl+ zof/, afn] Ss8,
kxfl8of, vn] f8L, nfut, kj|mfp, hg' ]nL, h8fg, kfl] ;nf,] dltof/, a9'jf, g'lgnf,] ld;fj6,
enfO

%= tnsf cgR' 5]b k9L sfnsf ck0" f{ kIf klxrfg u//] nV] g'xf;] \ M

d lj= ;=+ @)&@ az} ffv !@ sf lbg af6fdf lx8“ b\ } lyP“ . 3fd nflu/xs] f] lyof] . PSsfl;
dflg;x¿ sfs] fx] fn] f] ul//xs] f bl] vP . xfjf rln/xs] f] lyof] . jftfj/0f wldlnb“ } lyof] .
Ps ayfg r/f gld7f] cfjfh lgsfn/] p8b\ } lyP . dflg;x¿ sfx] L pleb“ } lyP eg] sfx] L
rflx“ af6fsf lardf g} a:b} lyP . cufl8sf] Pp6f 3/ eTsb“ } lyof] . Toltv/] eO' r“ fnf] cfpb“ } lyof] .

cfh 7'nf] eO' r“ fnf] cfPsf] bf;] |f] lbg dfq x“'b} 5 . dflg;x¿ rf}/df kfn 6fU“ b} 5g\ . 8f]Ndf
lsnf 7f]Sb} l5g\ . sNkgf kfn cf;] fb{} l5g\ eg] ;Ltf kfgL af8“ \b} l5g\ . ljZjgfy sfdsf]
lgb{z] g lbO/xs] f 5g\ . lgd{nf rflx“ ;fdfgsf] /vjf/L ub{} l5g\ . d rflx“ eO' “rfnf]df 3/
eTsb“ f uf]8f ef“lrPsfn] Ps} 7fp“df a;]/ ;a}n] sfd u/s] f] xb] }{ 5' .

Ps dlxgfkl5 t xfdL h:tfsf] 5fgf xfn]/ c:yfoL 6x/f agfpb“ } xg' ] 5f“} . aRrfx¿ ljBfno
hfb“ } x'g] 5g\ . e'O“rfnfsf sf/0fn] aGb ePsf ljBfnox¿ klg v'Nb} xg' ] 5g\ . To;n} ] d eg]
l;Gw'kfNrfs] kU' b} x'g] 5' .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 107

^= lxhfs] f] o;} ;dodf tkfO{s“ f] kl/jf/sf s'g sg' ;b:ox¿ s] s] ub{} lyP < ck"0f{ et" sfnsf]
k|ofu] u/L b; jfSodf j0fg{ ug'x{ f];\ .

&= jt{dfg ;dodf tkfO{“sf sf] sf] ;fyLx¿ s] s] ub{} 5g\ < ck0" f{ jt{dfg sfnsf] k|of]u u/L
kfr“ cf]6f jfSo lgdf{0f ug'x{ f];\ .

*= efl] nsf] o;} ;dodf tkfO{“ s] ub}{ xg' x' g' ] 5, cgd' fg ugx{' f;] \ / ck"0f{ eljiot\ sfnsf] k|of]u
u/L kf“r cf]6f jfSosf] Pp6f cgR' 5b] lgdf0{ f ug'{xf;] \ .

l;h{gfTds sfo{

!= 8fS6/ sdnsf bfh' / lbbLsf] clxn]sf] cj:yfsf] cg'dfg u/L j0fg{ ug'{xf;] \ .
@= lzIff cfh{gdf cfly{s cefjn] kfg{] k|efjsf af/]df sIffdf 5nkmn u/L a'“bf tof/ ugx'{ f;] \ /

ltg}sf cfwf/df Pp6f syf nV] gx' f;] \ .

108 g]kfnL M sIff (

kf7 !@ cfª ;fg ;'sL

!= æ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg;n] :jtGqtfsf
cfwf/et" s/' f rfxs] f xG' 5g,\ rfx] ltgLx¿
laNs'n} leGg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf
afr“ ]sf lsg gx'g\ .Æ

@= dflysf] egfO gf]a]n zflGt k'/:sf/
ljh]tf cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] xf] . pgL dWo
Dofgdf/ -adf{_ sf] gfTds' eGg] 7fp“df
;g\ !($% hg' !( df hGds] L xg' \ .
pgsf afas' f] gfd cfª ;fg / cfdfsf]
gfd bf lvg sL xf] . pgsf afa' cfª
;fgn] Dofgdf/nfO{ ;g\ !($& df
an] fotsf] pklgjz] af6 d'St ug]{ sfod{ f
dWo:ytf u/s] f lyP . pgL Toxf“sf]
/fli6«o ;]gfsf ;+:yfks klg lyP .
o;}n] ad]{nLx¿ pgnfO{ :jtGqtfsf
lktf dfG5g\ / /fli6«o lje"ltsf ¿kdf
;Ddfg u5{g\ . pgsf] xTof ;g\ !($& hn' fO{ !( df eof] . pgsL cfdf bf lvg sL rflx“
;g\ !(^) df ef/t / g]kfnsf] /fhb"t ePsL lyOg\ . To;} j|mddf pgL g]kfn klg cfPsL
lyOg\ . ;s' Lsf b'O{ hgf bfh' lyP . h7] f bfh' cfª ;fg pn] cd]l/sfdf ux[ :yL u/] eg] sfG5f
cfª ;fg lngsf] rflx“ gf} jifs{ } pd/] df kfgLdf 8a' /] dT[ o' eof] .

#= cfª ;fg ;s' L cfkm\gf] bz] , hgtf / kh| ftGq tyf dfgj clwsf/sf nflu u/s] f] Tofu, tk:of
/ ;ª\3if{s} sf/0f ljZjd} kl/lrt l5g\ . pgL dxfTdf ufGwL h:t} clx;+ fsf] /fhgLlt ug]{
dxfg\ dlxnf xg' \ . pgL ;fg}b]lv zfGt :jefjsL lyOg\ . pgL cg'zf;gk0" f{ hLjg afR“ g dg
k/fpl“ 5g\ . pgsf] cf}krfl/s lzIff dWo ofªu\ 'g -/ª\u'g_ l:yt ;]G6 k|mfG;]; sGeG] 6 :s'naf6
k|f/De eof] . pgn] Toxf“sf] dy] l8:6 Oªl\ n; xfO:sn' df klg s]xL jif{ cWoog ul/g\ . ;'sLdf
;fgb} l] v cWoogkl| t ljz]if cle?lr lyof] . gf} jif{sf] pd]/b]lv g} pgL ;flxlTos lstfa k9g\ ]
/ lgoldt b}lgsL nV] g] uly{g\ . b}lgsL n]Vbf pgL cfkm"n] k9s] f lstfasf af/d] f klg l6Kk0fL

zAbfy{
cfwf/et" M d"net"
lje"lt M /fi6s« f] ;j{dfGo JolSt
l6Kk0fL M k|ltlj|mof

gk] fnL M sIff ( 109

uly{g\ . pgL To; a]nfb]lv g} eujfg\ a'4sf] k|fyg{ f uly{g\ . a4' sf] Tofu, ;dk0{ f / 1fgdf
pgsf] 7'nf] ljZjf; 5 . pgdf cfbz{ ljrf/ 5, pgL ljrf/zLn gf/L x'g\ . pgsf ljrf/
nfO{ cfWoflTds, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts u/L tLg ;dx" df ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;df klg
clxn] pgsf] hLjg /fhgLltdo ags] f] 5 . /fhgLlts ;ª\s6af6 bz] nfO{ dS' t ug{ pgL cxf]/
fq ;ª3\ if{zLn l5g\ .

$= Dofgdf/ ;g\ !($* sf] cS6f]a/df lal| 6; pklgjz] af6 :jtGq eof] . To;kl5 klg bz] sf]
cj:yfdf vf;} ;'wf/ xg' ;sg] . Pp6f ;Ifd ;/sf/ / ;zSt g]t[Tjsf cefjn] ubf{ b]z
o4' / ul/aLn] u:| t eof] . ;/sf/n] sg' } lgod sfg'gnfO{ nfu' ug{ klg ;]gf g} kl/rfng
ug{k' ¥of] . k|wfgdGqL p gn' ] ;g\ !(%* df cfkm\ gf] sfo{sf/L clwsf/ ;]gfnfO{ lhDdf
nufP . b]zdf sx] L cdgrg} sfod ePkl5 ;g\ !(^) df ;g] f Aof/s] df kmlso{ f] .

%= bf lvg sLn] cfkm" /fhbt" eP/ lbNnL cfpb“ f 5f/] L cfª ;fg ;s' LnfO{ klg ;fyd} NofOg\ .
;'sLsf] k9fO ca lbNnLsf ljBfnodf g} xg' ] eof] . ;s' Ln] lbNnLl:yt sGeG] 6 h;] ; /
sGe]G6 d]/L :s'naf6 ljBfnosf] k9fO k/" f ul/g\ . clg pgL lbNnLs} n8] L >L/fd sn]hdf egf{
eOg\ . snf, ;+:s[ltdf cle?lr /fVg] ;'sL Toxf“ gf6s sfo{j|mddf klg efu lng]
uly{g\ . pgn] To; snh] df ;g\ !(^$ ;Dd /fhgLlt zf:qsf] cWoog ul/g\ . cfª ;fg ;s' L
lbNnLdf /xb“ f cfkmg\ f] bz] sf] /fhgLltsf af/]df klg ljzi] f hfgsf/L /fVg] uly{g\ . ;}lgs k|dv'
g] ljgaf6 adf{ ;ª\3sf] cv08tfsf] axfgfdf ;g\ !(^@ df km]l/ ;l} gs zf;g nfu' eof] .
pgn] tTsfnLg p gs' f] kh| ftflGqs ;/sf/ / bz] sf] ;Dk"0f{ /fhgLlts ultljlwdf g} k|ltaGw
nufP . of] sfd pgn] lagf /Stkft ;DkGg t u/] t/ of] sfo{ Oltxf;d} /fi6«3fts xf] eGg]
s'/f ;s' LnfO{ Tolt an] } nfu]sf] lyof] .

^= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;g\ !(^$ kl5 pRr txsf] cWoogsf nflu an] fotsf] /fhwfgL nG8g
uOg\ . pgn] Toxfs“ f] cS;kmf]8{ l:yt ;]G6 xu sn]hdf /fhgLlt zf:qsf ;fy} bz{g zf:q
/ cy{zf:q klg kl9g\ . pgn] Toxfs“ } nG8g ljZjljBfnosf] :s'n ckm cfl] /PG6n PG8

zAbfy{

;dk{0f M ;'lDkg] sfd

cxf/] fq M lbg/ft

sfo{sf/L M sfd ug]{

cv08tf M Ps xg' fsf] cj:yf

axfgf M bv] fj6L, lgx'“

3fts M 3ft ug]{, xflg ug]{

zf:q M uG| y, lj1fg

cjnDag M kfngf

110 g]kfnL M sIff (

clk|msg :6l8haf6 cfwl' gs ad]n{ L ;flxTodf Pd= lkmn= klg ul/g\ . cfª ;fg ;s' Lsf]
nueu c9fO bzs ;do bz] aflx/ lats] f] 5 . ;g\ !(^( bl] v !(&@ ;Dd pgn] cdl] /sfsf]
Goo' f]s{ cjl:yt ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf] sfof{nodf hflu/ vfOg\ . an] fotL gful/s dfOsn
Pl/;;u“ ;g\ !(&@ sf] hgj/Ldf pgsf] ljjfx eof] . ljjfxkl5 pgn] ;o+ S' t /fi6« ;ª\3sf]
hflu/ 5fl8g\ . pgsf cn]Sh]G8/ Pl/; / lsd Pl/; gfds b'O{ 5f/] f hGd] . pgn] cfkm\ gf
5f]/fx¿nfO{ adn{] L ;+:sf/cg;' f/ g} kfngkf]if0f ul/g\ / af4} wd{ tyf k/Dk/f cjnDag ug{
pgLx¿nfO{ clek]l| /t ul/g\ . pgsf >Ldfg\ dfOsn Pl/; klg lxdfnL ;:+ sl[ t, Pl;ofnL gl} ts
d"No / ltAatL ;Eotf dg k/fp“y] . pgL ltAatsf] af4} wd{ / af}4 bzg{ sf ljzi] f 1ftf lyP .

&= cfª ;fg ;s' Ln] >Ldfg\sf ;fydf gk] fn, e6' fg, ltAat, hfkfg / ef/tsf lxdfnL Ifq] sf]
e|d0f ul/g\ . pgn] Toxfs“ f] ef}uf]lns, ;fdflhs / /fhgLlts cj:yfsf] cg'ej klg xfl;n
ul/g\ . pgsf] ed| 0fsf] k|d'v p2Z] o eg] af}4 ;+:sl[ t / wds{ f af/]df ljzi] f 1fg xfl;n ug'{
lyof] . o; l;nl;nfdf >Ldfg\ / 5f]/f cnS] h]G8/ / Pl/;nfO{ ;fydf lnO{ pgL s]xL ;do
Dofgdf/df /lxg\ . cfdf bf lvg sL klg ;g\ !(^& kl5 cfkmg\ } 3/df lyOg\ . ;s' Ln] To;
an] f ;}lgs ;/sf/;“u ?i6 JolSt, /fhgLlt1, ;j] faf6 avf{:t clwsf/L / Dofgdf/ l:yt
ljb]zL s6' gLlt1;“u e6] 3f6 ul/g\ . e]63f6sf j|mddf pgn] bz] sf] /fhgLlts ljifodf
s'/fsfgL ul/g\ .

*= ljleGg b]zx¿sf] cWoog e|d0fkl5 cfª ;fg ;'sL nG8gdf /lxg\ . Toxf“ /x“bf pgn] cfk\mgf
5f]/fx¿sf] k9fOdf Wofg lbOg\ . o;} cj;/df pgn] ofqf ;+:d/0fsf ¿kdf n]6;\ lelh6 g]
kfn, n]6;\ lelh6 e6' fg / n]6;\ lelh6 hfkfg gfdsf afnfk] of]uL s[ltx¿ n]lvg\ . pgn]
cfkmg\ f aa' f cfª ;fgsf] hLjgL c:6l]« nofaf6 ks| fzg ul/g\ . To;kl5 pgn] lgaGwsf/ xu
l/rf8;{ gsf ltAat / af}4 wd{ ;DaGwL lgaGwx¿ ;ª\sng u/L ltgnfO{ ;ª\ux| sf ¿kdf
ks| fzg ul/g\ . pgn] cS;kmf8] {sf] rlr{t k':tsfno ‘af]l8og’ df adn{] L ;flxTosf] ;ª\sng
xg] {] u/L sfd klg ul/g\ .

(= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;a} sfdnfO{ plQs} dxŒj lblGyg\ / ;fg}bl] v sfd ug{df pgL c;fWo} /dfOnf]
dflGyg\ . Dofgdf/df uP/ /fhgLlt ugk'{ g{] s'/fk|lt eg] pgL hxf“ h:tf] cj:yfdf xb'“ f klg
ljrf/ ulyg{ \ . Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltdf ljz]if rf;f] /fVg]x¿ ljrf/ ljdz{sf nflu pgL sxf“
cfp“y] / ;}lgs ;/sf/nfO{ ufnL uy{] . of] kj| [lQ ;'sLnfO{ Tolt pko'St nfUbg} Yof] . ‘aflx/

zAbfy{
cjnDag M u|x0f, wf/0f
dN" o M dxŒj, ul/df, dlxdf
s6' gLlt1 M kf/:kl/s ;DaGw sfod ug{ hfGg] JolSt
s[lt M k':ts, /rgf
ljdz{ M 5nkmn, k/fdz{

g]kfnL M sIff ( 111

a;]/ b]z rnfpgn] fO{ ufnL ug'e{ Gbf ToxL“ a;]/ bz] agfpg] cleofgdf nfUgk' 5{’ eGg] pgsf]
ljrf/ lyof] . pgn] adf{sf] :jtGqtf ;ªu\ |fdsf af/d] f hfkfgdf /x]/ cg;' Gwfgdn" s cWoog
ug]{ cj;/ klg kf| Kt ul/g\ . Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltkl| t a9L bfloTjafw] klg pgnfO{ hfkfgdf
cWoog ubf{ g} eof] .

!)= cfª ;fg ;'sL ;g\ !(** df la/fdL cfdfsf] x]/rfx ug{ cfkm\gf] b]z Dofgdf/ cfOg\ . To;
a]nf b]zdf ;}lgs zf;gsf] lj/f]wdf k|hftflGqs cfGbf]ngn] pu| ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . kh| ftGqsf
kIfw/ xhf/f“} ljBfyLn{ ] cfGbfn] gdf Hofg u'dfPsf lyP . pgsf nflu cfdfsf] cj:yfeGbf
b]zsf] bb' {zf a9L kL8fbfos aGof] . o;}n] b]zsf] kh| ftflGqs cfGbf]ngdf pgL ;dflxt
eOg\ . /fhwfgLl:yt :j8] fug Kofuf8] f kl/;/df pgn] ;g\ !(** cu:t * df P]ltxfl;s
hge]nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg u/]/ kh| ftflGqs ;/sf/sf] kg' ax{ fnLsf nflu Psh'6 xg' ;an} fO{ cfx\jfg
ul/g\ . cfkm" /fhgLltdf kj| z] u/]sf] 3fi] f0ff klg pgn] ToxL“ ;g' fOg\ . o;kl5 b]z, k|hftGq
/ hgtfsf lxtdf pgL olt bTtlrTt eOg\ ls pgsf ;Dk"0f{ ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ch'g{ b[li6 h:t}
o;} ;DaGwdf s]lGb|t eP .

!!= cfª ;fg ;'sLn] @$ ;K] 6]Da/ !(** df ‘g];gn lnu km/ 8]dfj] m]| ;L’ gfds /fhgLlts bn
u7g ul/g\ . o;sf] gt] [Tj pgL cfk“m} n] lnOg\ . o; bnn] dxfTdf ufGwL / a'4sf] clx;+ fjfbL
l;4fGt cjnDag ug{] gLlt lnof] . o; bnsf] dV' o p2]Zo b]zdf k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfb
nfu' ug'{ xf] . o;} p2]Zo / gLltsf cfwf/df hgtfnfO{ b]zsf] cj:yfkl| t ;rt] ug{ b]zsf
ljleGg efudf uP/ pgn] efif0f ul/g\ . pgL ;g\ !(^@ df ;l} gs zf;g nfu' xb“' fb]lv g}
To;sf] lj/fw] df plePsL lyOg\ . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ ;d'bfosf] zflGt / :yfloTjdf
vnn k'¥ofpg] sfo{ u/]sf] eGg] cf/f]k nufof] / h'nfO{ @), !(*( df pgs} 3/df
gh/aGb u¥of] .

!@= Dofgdf/sf hgtfn] k6s k6s ePsf] lgjf{rgdf nfs] tGq / dfgj clwsf/sf kIfdf pRr
hgdt k|bzg{ u/s] f lyP . Toxfs“ f] ;}lgs zf;s eg] Tof] hgdt sfofG{ jog ug{ tTk/
ePg . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] g]tT[ jdf ePsf] ;3g, Jofks / k|efjsf/L cfGbf]
ngnfO{ ;fDo kfg{ ;g\ !(() df cfd lgjfr{ g t u/fof] . ;s' Ln] g]tT[ j u/s] f] hglgjfl{ rt
;/sf/nfO{ ;Qf eg] x:tfGt/0f u/]g . o;af6 ;'sLsf kIfdf cGt/f{li6o« If]qdf Jofks
hgdt tof/ eof] . To;n] ;}lgs ;/sf/sf] 7'nf] eT;{gf u¥of], o;nfO{ klg ;}lgs

zAbfy{ M stJ{ o, lhDdj] f/L
M v/fa cj:yf
bfloTj M clkn, cfu|x
b'bz{ f M chg{' sf] h:tf] bl[ i6
cfxj\ fg M tfs] ]sf] 7fpa“ f6 aflx/ lg:sgdf kl| taGw
ch'g{ b[li6
gh/aGb

112 g]kfnL M sIff (

;/sf/n] ;'gg] . k|hftGq, dfgj clwsf/ / zflGtkl| t cfª ;fg ;s' Lsf] ljrf/ / lgi7fnfO{
sb/ ub{} ;g\ !((! df pgnfO{ gf]a]n zflGt k/' :sf/ k|bfg ul/of] . pgn] o; k'/:sf/sf]
/flz !# nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ Dofgdf/sf hgtfsf] lzIff / :jf:Yodf vr{ ug]{ u/L 6«:6nfO{
k|bfg ul/g\ . gh/aGbsf] hLjgnfO{ wo} {k"j{s Joltt ug{ o; k'/:sf/n] pgnfO{ ;xofu]
u¥of] . o;n] Dofgdf/k|lt ljZjsf] Wofgfsif{0f klg u/fof] .

!#= cfª ;fg ;'sL k6s k6s u/L sl/a @! jif{ gh/aGb eOg\ . gh/aGbdf /xb“ f pgn]
cfkmg\ f :jbz] L ;dys{ / cGt/f{li6o« z'elrGts;u“ e6] 3f6 / s'/fsfgL ug{;d]t kfOgg\ .
kqsf/ tyf kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ ;dt] e6] ug{ lbOPg . pgsf >Ldfg\ dfOsn Pl/;sf]
SofG;/ /f]uaf6 ;g\ !((( df dT[ o' eof] . ;fgf] 3]/fdf 7n' f] ;}lgs le8 v8f u//] pgnfO{
gh/aGbdf /flvPsf] lyof] . Dofgdf/sf] ;]gf ;dly{t h'Gtf ;/sf/n] pgnfO{ /fhgLltaf6
kfvf nufpg cgs] pkfo ckgfof] . pgL eg] k|hftGqsf] kIfdf cl8u eO{ /lxg\ .

!$= Dofgdf/df ;g\ @)!) df ;g] f ;dly{t /fi6«klt lyPgg,\ To;n] ubf{ Toxf“ s]xL /fhgLlts
;w' f/sf] kf| /De eof] . o; l;nl;nfdf /fli6o« tyf cGt/f{li6o« b'j} tkma{ f6 cfª ;fg ;s' LnfO{
l/xf u/fpg e/dUb'/ ko| f; eof] . ;s' Ln] klg gh/aGbdf /x“bf ;l} gs ;/sf/n] nfu' u/]sf
lgod k0" f{ kfng u/L cbfntn] tfs] s] f] gh/aGbsf] cjlw;dt] e'Stfg u/]sL lyOg\ . kmn:j¿k
!# gfe] D] a/ @)!) df pgLnufot ;a} /fhgLlts aGbLnfO{ l/xf ug{ ;}lgs ;/sf/ afWo
eof] . ;}lgs ;/sf/n] /fhgLlts bndflysf] k|ltaGw klg x6fof] / ljbz] df /x]sf /fhgLlts
z/0ffyL{nfO{ ;dt] dfkmL lbof] . b]zdf k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] k"0f{ sfof{Gjog eO{ g;ss] f
sf/0f k|ltkIfL g]ts[ f ¿kdf cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] ;ª\3if{ clxn] klg plTts} hf/L 5 .

!%= gk] fndf cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] kl5Nnf] e|d0f ;g\ @)!$ h'g !# df eof] . To; cj;/df pgn]
;l+ jwfg ;efdf ;ef;bn\ fO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ ;+ljwfgsf] ;z+ f]wg kl| j|mof ;/n x'gk' g]{ s/' f JoSt
ul/g\ . ed| 0fsf] To; cj;/df pgL gful/s clegGbgsf ;fy} l8NnL/d0f /]UdL cGt/fl{ i6«o
zflGt k/' :sf/n] ;Ddflgt klg eOg\ . pgL ljZj ;d'bfodf pbfx/0fLo gf/L JolStTjsf ¿kdf
:yflkt ePsL 5g\ .

zAbfy{

eT;g{ f M lgGbf, ufnL
lgi7f M cf:yf, >4f
/flz M /sd
l/xf M d'lSt

k|ltaGw M aGbh] , /f]s

;ef;b\ M kl/ifbs\ f ;b:o

;+zf]wg M ;w' f/

clegGbg M ;Tsf/, ;Ddfg

gk] fnL M sIff ( 113

cEof;

;g' fO

!= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cg'R5b] ;'Gg'xf;] \ / lgDg lnlvt kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M
-s_ cfª ;fg ;s' L slxn] sxf“ hlGdOg\ <
-v_ cfª ;fg / cfª ;fg p ss;sf] gfd xf] <
-u_ bf lvg sL sxf“sf nflu /fhbt" eOg\ <
-3_ cfª ;fg ;s' Lsf sfG5f bfh' s;/L d/] <
-ª_ ad{]nLx¿ s;nfO{ :jtGqtfsf lktf eG5g\ <

@= kf7sf] rf}yf] tyf kfr“ f}“ cgR' 5b] ;G' gx' f];\ / lgDglnlvt egfOdf sg' l7s / s'g a]l7s
56' \ofpgx' f];\ M

-s_ Dofgdf/ ;g\ !($* df hfkfgaf6 :jtGq ePsf] xf] .
-v_ Dofgdf/df ;}lgs zf;g ;g !(^@ af6 nfu' ePsf] lyof] .
-u_ cfª ;fg ;s' L ;g\ !(^) df cfdf;“u lbNnL cfOg\ .
-3_ ;g\ !(%* df Dofgdf/sf kw| fg dGqL g] lag lyP .
-ª_ cfª ;fg ;s' L lbNnLdf /x“bf klg Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltsf af/]df hfgsf/L /flVyg\ .

#= kf7sf] bf];|f] cg'R5b] sf] >l' tn]vg ug'{xf];\ .

af]nfO

!= lzIfssf lgb]{zgdf lgDglnlvt zAbx¿sf] z4' ;“u pRrf/0f ugx{' f;] \ M
:jtGqtf, sfofG{ jog, kh| ftGq, :yfloTj, k|ltaGw, cGt/fl{ i6«o, z/0ffyL{

@= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5b] sf] cfzo dfl} vs ¿kdf ljZni] f0f ug{x' f;] \ .

#= kf7sf] kfr“ f“} tyf 56} f“} cgR' 5b] sf cfwf/df lgDglnlvt kZ| gsf] pQ/ dfl} vs ¿kdf lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ cfª ;fg ;'sLn] lbNnLsf s'g sg' :sn' df kl9g\ <
-v_ n]8L >L/fd sn]hdf ;'sLn] sg' ljifo slxn];Dd cWoog ul/g\ <
-u_ ;'sL n8] L >L/fd snh] df k9\bf s'g sfo{jm| ddf efu lnlGyg\ <
-3_ s;n] /fhgLlts ultljlwdf kl| taGw nufof] <
-ª_ ;}lgs zf;gk|lt ;'sLsf] ljrf/ s:tf] lyof] <

114 gk] fnL M sIff (

$= cfª ;fg ;'sL dxfg\ dlxnf xg' \ eGg] af/d] f sIffdf 5nkmn ugx{' f];\ .

%= cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] hLjgL ;f/fz+ df ;'gfpgx' f];\ .

^= sg' } kl/lrt ;dfh;j] Lsf] hLjgLsf af/]df sIffdf s/' fsfgL ugx'{ f;] \ .
k9fO

!= kf7sf cgR' 5b] x¿ kfn}kfnf] ;:j/jfrg ug{'xf;] \ .

@= kf7sf] P3f/f}“ cg'R5b] df}gk7g u/L Toxf“sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ a“b' fsf ¿kdf l6kf6] ug{'xf;] \ .

#= kf7sf] cf7f}“ tyf gjf}“ cgR' 5b] k9g\ 'xf;] \ / lgDg lnlvt kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M
-s_ ;'sLsf afnfk] ofu] L s[ltx¿ s'g s'g xg' \ <
-v_ ;'sLn] s;sf] hLjgL n]v]sL 5g\ / Tof] sxfa“ f6 k|sfzg u/]sL xg' \ <
-u_ xu l/rf8{;g s'g ljwfsf n]vs x'g\ <
-3_ cfª ;fg ;'sL nG8gsf] afl] 8og k:' tsfnodf s] sfd uly{g\ <
-ª_ cfª ;fg ;s' LnfO{ /fhgLlts JolStx¿sf] s:tf] gLlt dg kb{}g <

$= tnsf /]vfª\lst zAbsf] cy{ sf]i7af6 5fGg'xf];\ M

-s_ cfGbfn] gn] pu| ¿k lnPsf] lyof] . -ljzfn, rsf]{, w/] _}

-v_ ;s' Lsf] cWoogk|lt ljz]if cle?lr lyof] . -k]|/0ff, nIo, rfv_

-u_ cfª ;fgn] w]/} n8fO“ n8s] f lyP . -o'bw\ , cfGbfn] g, ljbf| x] _

-3_ pgsf] ;Ddfg ;lxb tyf lje"ltsf ¿kdf x'G5 . -cledfg, dxTTj, cfb/_

%= kf7sf cfwf/df hf8] f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

;dx" -s_ ;dx" -v_

:jtGqtfsf lktf xu l/rf8;{ g\
/fhb"t cfª ;fg ;'sL
gf]an] k/' :sf/ ljh]tf cfª ;fg
af}4 bzg{ sf 1ftf g] lag
;l} gs kd| v' dfOsn Pl/;g
Dofgdf/sf k|wfgdGqL p g'

lgaGwsf/ bf lvg sL

g]kfnL M sIff ( 115

n]vfO

!= kf7sf] clGtd cg'R5]b cg'n]vg ugx{' f];\ .

@= kf7df ko| fu] ePsf lgDg lnlvt zAb / ltgsf cys{ f lardf hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

zAb ;dx" cy{ ;dx"

sn]h ldq /fi6«sf nflu k7fOPsf] /fHosf] kl| tlglw

;/sf/ hLjg / hutnfO{ lrgfpg] ljBf

k|hftGq pRr lzIff xfl;n ug]{ lzIf0f ;+:yf

;g] f /fHon] ;'/Iffsf nflu tg} fy u/]sf hjfgsf] ;d"x
pklgj]z hg kl| tlglwåf/f ul/g] zf;g Joj:yf
/fhb"t bz] sf] zf;g ;~rfng ug{] /fHosf] dxŒjk"0f{ cªu\

bz{g zlStzfnL b]zn] cGo b]zdf cflwkTo hdfpg'

#= tnsf zAb kf7df vf]Hgx' f;] \ / ltgnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] ug{'xf;] \ M

/fhgLlt, bzs, ;ª\3, sfofn{ o, ;flxTo, sfg'g, cleofg, cfGbfn] g, gh/aGb, ;dfhjfb

$= tnsf cg'R5b] df /x]sf q'l6x¿ ;Rofpgx' f;] \ M

Uofg lj1fgdf wlg Dof8d So'/Lsf] ljBfyL{ lhjg cy{ cefasf sf/0f lgs} s:6 do
lyof] . pgsf tL lbg c“Wof/f] lr/f] ;fgf] sf]7f df lrof lj:s6' sf e/df laTy] . pgnfO{
laZj ljb\ofnosf] vr{ wfGg wf} wf} lyof] . plg w]/} sdhf/] Ln] d'5f{ ;d]t k/s] f lyP . t/
klg pgL lbg/ft cWoogdf Ao:t xl' Gyg\ .

%= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;ªI\ f]kdf n]Vgx' f;] \ M

-s_ cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] afNosfn ;DaGwL lrgf/L s] xf] <

-v_ ;s' L lbNnL /x“bfsf pNn]vgLo s'/fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <

-u_ cfª ;fg ;s' Ln] cfkm\ gf >Ldfg\;“u sg' s'g b]zsf] ed| 0f ul/g\ <

-3_ cfª ;fg ;s' Ln] /fhgLltdf kj| z] u/s] f] 3f]if0ff slxn] / lsg ul/g\ <

116 gk] fnL M sIff (

-ª_ ;'sLsf] ‘gh/aGb’ hLjgn] Dofgdf/sf] /fhgLltdf s:tf] ke| fj k¥of] <

-r_ g]kfn / cfª ;fg ;s' Lsf] ;DaGw s'g ¿kdf ljsf; ePsf] 5 <

^= lgDg lnlvt p4/0fsf] JofVof ugx'{ f];\ M

-s_ ;+;f/sf ;a} dflg;n] :jtGqtfsf cfwf/e"t s'/f rfx]sf x'G5g,\ rfx] ltgLx¿ laNsn' }
leGg ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0fdf afr“ ]sf lsg gxg' \ .

-v_ aflx/ a;/] bz] rnfpgn] fO{ ufnL uge{' Gbf ToxL“ a;/] bz] agfpg] cleofgdf nfUgk' 5{ .

&= kf7sf cfwf/df cfª ;fg ;'sLsf] hLjgLdf 36]sf k|dv' 36gfx¿sf] j0f{g ugx{' f];\ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf] tflnsfdf ;d:t zAbsf sx] L pbfx/0f 5g\ . tkfO“{ klg ljleGg kf7x¿af6 To:tf
;d:t zAb ;ª\sng u/]/ lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpg'xf;] \ M

ljux| ;d:t zAb jfSodf k|of]u
5fq / 5fqf 5fq5fqf 5fq5fqf cg'zfl;t 5g\ .

bO' { dgsf] ;dx" bfd] g pm 3/ hfg bf]dg u5{ .

u'? cfdf u?' df u?' df ;a}nfO{ dfof ug{'x'G5 .

kT| o]s lbg kl| tlbg ljBfyL{n] k|ltlbg k9g\ 'k5{ .
ljBfnodf b; sIffsf7] f 5g\ .
sIffsf nflu sf7] f sIffsf7] f

@= ;d:t zAbsf] lgdf{0f ug{x' f;] \ M ;fgL gfgL – ================
dfgf / kfyL – ================

eflgh bfO – ================ /ftdf cGwf] – ================

nfdf sfg ePsf] – ================ af9Ln] kLl8t – ================

rf/ s'gf ePsf] – ================ cefjn] u|:t – ================

zlSt eP ;Dd – ================ nfh gePsf] – ================

gk] fnL M sIff ( 117

#= tnsf zAbx¿af6 ;d:t zAb dfq sfkLdf ;fg{'xf;] \ M
k]d| k0" f{, jgjf;, pksf/, hLjg wg, kfkk'0o, dV' ofO{ ,“ v} v}

$= tnsf ;d:t zAbnfO{ ljux| ug{x' f];\ M
zlStxLg, gbLsf6, csfn, uG| ysf/, sfnLdf6L, efOalxgL, lbge/, jfl/kfl/, xfQLkfOn], lqj0] fL

%= pkoS' t pQ/df l7s -√_ lrxg\ lbgx' f];\ M
-s_ k0" f{ e"tsfnsf] jfSo s'g xf] <
– slj sfJo n]V5g\ .
– sljn] sfJo nv] s] f lyP .
– slj sljtf nV] b} 5g\ .
-v_ k0" f{ jtd{ fg sfnsf] jfSo s'g xf] <
– el/ofn] ef/L afS] of] .
– el/of ef/L af]S5 .
– el/ofn] ef/L af]ss] f] 5 .
-u_ k0" f{ eljiot\ sfnsf] jfSo sg' xf] <
– ltdL b;}“df cfpg] 5f} .
– xfdLn] b;d}“ f lkª v]n]sf xg' ] 5f“} .
– d}n] hfr“ df o;k6s /fdf| ] u/]sf] 5' .

^= sf]i7sdf lbPsf] lgbz]{ gsf cfwf/df vfnL 7fp“ eg{x' f];\ M
-s_ n]sdf nfnL u'/f;“ =================================== . -k'mn\ M k"0f{ jt{dfg_
-v_ cfh cfsf;df afbn ============================ . -nfu\ M k"0f{ jtd{ fg_
-u_ ut jif{ w]/} ds} ============= . -kmn\ M k0" f{ et" _
-3_ xfdLn] c;f/df /fk] fO“ ==================== . -u/\ M k"0f{ et" _
-ª_ ltdL k/LIffdf ;kmn =============== . -x' M k"0f{ eljiot_\
-r_ pgLx¿ b]z ljsf;df ====================== -nfu\ M k0" f{ eljiot\_

118 g]kfnL M sIff (

&= pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df tnsf wfta' f6 ljm| ofkb agfpg'xf];\ M

pbfx/0f M hf M uPsf] lyof], uPsf] 5, uPsf] x'g] 5

w', ksfp, vf, g'xfp, ;'t,\ ?, 7fl] s, lsg,\ ar] \

*= tnsf s[bGt zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] ugx{' f;] \ M

nv] s] f, k9]sL, vn] ]sf,] uPsL, p7s] f, lx8“ s] f,] vg]sf, sf6]sL

(= cfk"mn] dgfPsf] rf8sf ;DaGwdf k0" f{ kIfsf lj|mofkb k|ofu] u/L Ps cg'R5]b n]Vg'xf;] \ .

!)= tnsf] tflnsfdf ‘gfr’ wfts' f ljleGg ¿kx¿ k9g\ x' f];\ / To;c} g';f/ tkfO{“ klg ‘hf’ wfts' f
¿kx¿ tof/ ug{'xf];\ M

k?' if Ps jrg ax' jrg

s/0f cs/0f s/0f cs/0f

k|yd d gfR5' . d gflRbg“ . xfdL gfR5f}“ . xfdL gfRbg} f}“ .

låtLo t“ gfR5;\ . t“ gfRb}g;\ . ltdLx¿ gfR5f} . ltdLx¿ gfRb}gf} .

t“ gfR5];\ . t“ gflRbg;\ . tkfO÷“{ x¿ gfRgx' 'G5 . tkfO÷“{ x¿ gfRgx' 'Gg .

ltdL gfR5f} . ltdL gfRbg} f} .

ltdL gfR5\of} . ltdL gflRbgf} .

t[tLo pm gfR5 . pm gfRb}g . pgLx¿ gfR5g\ . pgLx¿ gfRbg} g\ .

pm gfR5] . pm gflRbg . pxf“÷x¿ gfRg'xG' 5 . pxf÷“ x¿ gfRgx' 'Gg .

pgL gfR5g\ . pgL gfRb}gg\ .

pgL gflR5g\ . pgL gflRbgg\ .

!!= :qLlnª\uL lj|mofkbsf] k|of]u u/]/ dlxnf ;fyLsf af/d] f Ps cg'R5]b nV] g'xf];\ .

kl/ofh] gf sfo{ 119

!= cfk\mgf Ps hgf lgj[Q lzIfssf u0' fbfi] f;d]t cf}N“ ofO{ hLjgL tof/ ugx'{ f;] \ .
@= tkfO{“sf] ufp“3/s} dlxnf ;dfh;]jLsf] hLjgL pgL;u“ g} ;fw] /] n]Vg'xf;] \ .
gk] fnL M sIff (

kf7 !# ;o /ª OGb]g| L

jf;b' ]j lqkf7L

ufp“ d/] } ;x/ d]/} d}n] /Rg] ;'v g} xf]
d}n] Ho'“g] kf}/v ug{] o} bz] o} ;dfh g} xf]
cf;“ ' gxf;] \ kL8f gxf];\ d':s/' fp“bf hLjg ld7f]
ldnLh'nL Ho“'bf v]l/ e/f;] fsf] /; ld7f] . ! .

hxf“ kmN' of] ;okqL xhf/L km" n Toxf“ kmN' of]
dflg;sf] l;h{gfdf ;dfh xf] slt 7n' f]
ef/fkd{ Pr]“ fk] “r} f] cf6“ f]lk7f] l;:gf] ld7f]
h;sf] 3/df h] kfSof] Tof] cdt[ eGbf ld7f] .@ .

s] xf] ;fOgf] atfOb]pm uf}/f ;Ltf es[ '6Lsf]
;nx]z km" naf/L a'4 hgs pkjg of]
d~h>' Lsf] onDa/sf] /rgfsf] /; ld7f]
efjgfn] lehk] l5 h'g} s'/f klg ld7f] . # .

cfo{ dªu\ f]n v; ls/ft yf¿ ofbj z/" jL/sf]
kfOnfsf] 8fa] Kof/f] uf]vf{ hflt ljZjjL/sf]
;of“} hflt y/ kf5f ldnLhn' L kf/} v ld7f]
lbnsf] dfof df]x ld7f] ;dfhsf] ;fOgf] ld7f] . $ .

zAbfy{

kf/} v M pBd, sdfO

ef/fkd{ M v]tLkftLsf] a]nf Pscsf{df ul/g] sfdbf/sf] P“r] fk] }“rf,] vt] fnf nfUg] cfnf]kfnf]

P“]rfk] }“rf] M vfr“ f] 6fg{ sg' } ;fdfg lng] lbg] k|rng

cf“6f]lk7f] M ?vf;v' f vfgs] /' f

;nxz] k"mnaf/L M ;nx]zn] agfPsf] l;/fxf lhNnfdf /x]sf] km" naf/L

d~h'>L M sf7df8f}“ pkTosfdf a:tL a;fpg] kf| rLg JolSt

onDa/ M ls“/ft jz+ sf klxnf] /fhf

z/" jL/ M axfb/' , k/fj|mdL

8fa] M ulx/f] jf vfN8f] k/s] f] lrx\g, 8fd

kf5f M y/, pky/

120 gk] fnL M sIff (

ldlynf / slknj:t' rfu“ ' l;Ghf chl} d/sf]
8fa] Kof/f] kfNkf d:' tfª gfDr] l;d/fg} u9sf]
;of}“ efiff ei] fei" ff ;+:s[ltsf] /; ld7f]
;a} ldnL xf:] 6] x+;} ] ;x;[hg hf;] ld7f] . % .

lxdfn kxf8 t/fO{ dw]; hf]8g\ ] l;k ks| [ltsf]
h;n] /r] ltgnfO{ k|0ffd\ tL k'vf{sf] bz] xf] gf;f]
hg' } yftynf] lhp“m ;l[ i6/; p:t} ld7f]
j/uf5L kLknuf5L rf}tf/Lsf] zLtn ld7f] . ^ .

ltdL d t cfpg] hfg] /xg] of] ;dfh g} xf]
s;n] s] g} ;fy nUg] l;h]{ hlt g]kfns} xf]
dflg;sf] gftf Kof/f] ldnLh'nL Hog'“ ' ld7f]
rfrfrfrL ttf cfd} h'g} gftf klg ld7f] . & .

hGDof] xS' of{] bV] of] e]6\of] ;dfh} xf] ;a} ;fOgf]
/f]hL/f]6L e]63f6 ld7f] bz] } hf]8g\ ] nfuL ;fOgf]
sxL“ aflx/ g]kfnLnfO{ bV] g' e]6\g' slt ld7f]
åGå xg} b]z Kof/f] lbnsf] bf:] tL ;+jfb ld7f] . * .

zAbfy{

l;Ghf M gk] fnL efiffsf] pTklQ ynf,] k|frLg v; ;fdf| Hosf] /fhwfgL
chl} d/ M k|frLg 8f6] L /fHosf] /fhwfgL
l;d/f}gu9 M af/f lhNnfdf /xs] f] Pl] txfl;s u9L
;x;[hg M ;femf l;h{gf
gf;f] M csfn{ ] ;'/lIft /fVg lbPsf] j:t'
l;h{] M l;hg{ f ul/Psf]
rfrfrfrL M sfsfsfsL
ttf M lbbL
bf:] tL M ldqtf

g]kfnL M sIff ( 121

cEof;

;'gfO

!= kf7sf] klxnf] Znf]s ;g' L l7s al] 7s 56' o\ fpgx' f];\ M

-s_ ufp“ klg xfd}| xf] ;x/ klg xfd|} xf] .
-v_ h;/L klg dfG5n] ] cflv/ bM' v g} /Rg] xf] .
-u_ oxL bz] df xfdL lhpg'k5,{ oxL“ kf/} v ug{k' 5{ .
-3_ cf;“ ' / kL8flagfsf] d:' s'/fx6df g} hLjg ld7f] xG' 5 .
-ª_ hLjgdf Ps csfs{ f] e/f];f cfjZos kb}g{ .

@= kf7sf] bf;] f| ] Znf]s ;g' L tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

-s_ ;okqL kmn' s] f] 7fp“df kmN' g] csf]{ km" n s'g xf] <
-v_ ;dfh s;sf] l;h{gf xf] <
-u_ ef/fkd{ / P“r] fk] “}rfn] fO{ ld7f] dfGgfsf] cfzo s] xf] <
-3_ tkfO“n{ fO{ cf6“ f]lk7f] / l;:gf] s:tf] nfU5 <
-ª_ 3/df h] kfSof] To;nfO{ cdt[ eGbf ld7f] dfGgfsf sf/0f s] x'g\ <

#= kf7sf rf}yf] / kf“rf“} Znfs] sf] >'ltnv] g ug{'xf];\ .

afn] fO

!= kf7sf] ;ftf“} / cf7f}“ Znf]ssf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] clt 5f6] f] df}lvs pQ/ lbgx' f;] \ M

-s_ xfdLn] l;h{gf u/]sf s'/f sxf“ /xG5g\ <
-v_ dflg;nfO{ s] Kof/f] x'G5 <
-u_ s;/L lhp“bf ld7f] x'G5 <
-3_ s:tf] gftf ld7f] x'G5 <
-ª_ b]z hf]8g\ ] s/' f s] xf] <
-r_ åGåeGbf sg' s'/f Kof/f] xG' 5 <
@= tnsf zAbsf] z'4 pRrf/0f ug{'xf;] \ M
cf“6fl] k7f], l;hg{ f, lgdf{0f, kf}/v, ;okqL, P]r“ f]kr“} f,] :jfwLg, ;[li6, åGå

122 g]kfnL M sIff (

#= tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eGgx' f;] \ M

-s_ o; sljtfsf /rgfsf/ sf] x'g\ <
-v_ kf7df slt cf6] f Znf]s 5g\ <
-u_ ;dfhsf s] s] s/' f ld7f x'G5g\ <
-3_ kf7sf Znfs] x¿dWo] tkfO“{nfO{ ;ae} Gbf a9L dg kg{] Znfs] sg' xf] / lsg <
-ª_ cfpg÷] hfg] / /xg] s/' f s] s] xg' \ <

$= dflg; / ;dfhsf] ;DaGwsf af/d] f ;dx" df 5nkmn ugx'{ f];\ / 5nkmndf JoSt ePsf dV' o
d'Vo s'/fx¿ sIffdf ;g' fpg'xf];\ .

k9fO

!= lzIfssf lgb]z{ gdf kf7sf k/" } kªl\ Stx¿ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ kfn}kfnf] jfrg ug'{xf];\ .

@= kf7sf kfr“ f}“ / 56} f}“ Znfs] k9L kfr“ cf6] f kZ| g agfpgx' f;] \ .

#= kf7sf] klxnf] Znf]sdf eGg vfl] hPsf s'/f pbfx/0fsf ¿kdf tn lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L g} kf7
k9/] cGo Znf]sdf eGg vfl] hPsf s'/fx¿ l6Kgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f M

– ;a} dflg;sf] rfxgf ;'v xf] .
– dflg;sf] afR“ g] / kf/} v ug]{ cfwf/ bz] / ;dfh xf] .
– bM' v / kL8flagfsf] xf“;f] g} hLjgsf] ;kmn kIf xf] .
– ;dfhdf ldn/] lhpgfn] hLjg /dfOnf] aG5 .

nv] fO

!= tnsf k|Zgsf] 5f6] f] pQ/ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ uf}/f, ;Ltf / e[s6' L g]kfnsf sg' sg' ljifo;u“ ;DalGwt 5g\ <
-v_ ‘;nx]z km" naf/L’ n] gk] fnsf] s'g ;Gbe{nfO{ bv] fpg vfh] ]sf] 5 <
-u_ d~h'>L / onDa/sf] /rgfsf] /; eg]sf] s] xf] <
-3_ uf]vf{ hflt ljZjjL/ eg]/ sljn] s] eGg vf]h]sf xg' \ <
-ª_ sljtfdf s'g sg' Pl] txfl;s tyf ;f+:sl[ ts :yfgsf] pNn]v ePsf] 5 <
-r_ gk] fn axh' ftLo bz] ePsfdf sljnfO{ s:tf] nfU5 <

g]kfnL M sIff ( 123

#= ‘;o /ª OGbg|] L’ sljtfnfO{ uBdf ¿kfGt/ u/L n]Vgx' f];\ .

$= ;k;| ª\u JofVof ugx'{ f];\ M

-s_ ef/fkd{ Pr“] f]kr“} f] cf“6fl] k7f] l;:gf] ld7f]
h;sf] 3/df h] kfSof] Tof] cd[teGbf ld7f] .

-v_ ltdL d t cfpg] hfg] /xg] of] ;dfh g} xf]
s;n] s] g} ;fy nUg] l;h{] hlt g]kfns} xf]

%= ‘;o /ª OGb]g| L’ sljtfdf gk] fnsf] ;fdflhs ;f:+ s[lts lrgf/L s;/L k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 <

^= kf7df gk] fnsf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt, hflt tyf :yfgnfO{ ae' mfpg] zAbx¿ ;dx" sfos{ f ¿kdf
l6kf]6 u/L ltgsf] clekf| o emNsg] u/L Ps Ps cgR' 5b] n]Vg'xf;] \ .

&= kf7af6 rGb|laGb' / lz/laGb' nfu]sf zAb vf]h/] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpg'xf;] \ .

*= hg;ª\Vof j[l4 / To;sf c;/sf ljifodf a“'bfx¿ vf]Hgx' f];\ / ‘hg;ª\Vof lj:kmf6] ’ zLif{s
/fvL Ps cgR' 5]b n]Vg'xf;] \ .

(= kqklqsf cyjf hfgsf/x¿af6 hnjfo' kl/jt{g / o;sf c;/ af/]df cfjZos
hfgsf/L lng'xf];\ / ‘hnjfo' kl/jtg{ / ljZjJofkL ;ªs\ 6’ zLifs{ df !)) zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f
cgR' 5b] tof/ kfg'{xf;] \ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf n]Vo lrx\gsf] gfd / sfd sfkLdf nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ bv] fpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ k"0f{lj/fd - . _

d}of bofn' 5g\ . pgL ul/ak|lt bof b]vfpl“ 5g\ . j4[ j4[ fx¿nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ pgsf]
afgL 5 .

-v_ cNklj/fd - , _
zfe] f, tf/f / 8f]/lglw ahf/ uP . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ sk8f, lstfa / sfpnL lsg] . Toxf“
tn' ;L, afa/' fd / kljqf klg bv] f k/] . æcf,] logLx¿ t ot} kf] /x5] g\ t ¤Æ kljqfn] egL .

-u_ cwl{ j/fd - † _
d laxfg} p7\5'† xftd'v wG' 5†' 3D' g hfG5' / klqsf k9\5' . dfgjtf g}ltstfsf] gfd
xf]† axfb/' Lsf] gfd xf] / ljZjf;sf] gfd xf] .

-3_ k|Zgjfrs lrx\g - < _
ltdL 3/af6 PSn} cfof} ls ltdf| efO klg cfP < ca ltdL km]l/ 3/ slxn] hfG5f} <

124 g]kfnL M sIff (

-ª_ pb\uf/ lrxg\ - ¤ _
ltdLn] /fdf| ] u/5] f,} :ofaf;\ ¤
lar/f, ltgnfO{ t /fu] n] ;fx}| Rofk5] ¤
P /fd ¤ stflt/ xf] <

-r_ p4/0f lrx\g -‘’, æÆ_

nIdLk;| fb bj] sf6] fsf] ‘ofqL’ sljtf dflqs 5Gbdf 5 . o; sljtfdf bj] sf6] fn] ‘dfgjtfjfb’
df hf]8 lbPsf 5g\ . pgL eG5g\, ædnd nufpm cft{x¿sf] rx/fO/x]sf] 3fp .Æ

-5_ lgb{z] lrx\g -M_

ef}ufl] ns ¿kdf g]kfnnfO{ tLg k|b]zdf ljefhg ug{ ;lsG5 M lxdfnL kb| z] , kxf8L
k|b]z / t/fO{ k|b]z .

-h_ of]hs lrxg\ -–_

g]kfn–rLglarsf] bfT} o ;DaGw bL3{sfn;Dd /xg] 5 .

-em_ sfi] 7s - _

jf;'b]j lqkf7L lqlj -lqe'jg ljZjljBfno_ af6 g]kfnL ;flxTodf ljBfjfl/lw
-lkPr8L_ ug{] klxnf] JolSt xg' \ .

@= tnsf] cgR' 5b] df s'g s'g n]Vo lrx\gx¿ k|ofu] ePsf 5g\, n]Vg'xf;] \ M

xfdf| lj1fg lzIfs eGgx' G' 5, æclxns] f] o'u ;"rgf k|ljlwsf] ou' xf] . clxns] f] o'udf sDKo'6/
kl| jlw vf; u//] OG6/g]6df kx“'r gxg' x] ¿ w]/} kl5 k5g{ \ .Æ pxf“n] eg]sf] s'/fnfO{ /fd|/L dgg
u/]/ d}n] cfkm"nfO{ sDKo6' / k|ljlwdf kfV] t agfPsf] 5' . cfw'lgs k|ljlwsf] s;/L ;b'kof]u
ug'{k5{ < OG6/g6] sf] pkof]lutf s] xf] < dnfO{ yfxf 5 . OG6/g]6nfO{ d}n] k9fOs} Pp6f cleGg
cªu\ agfPsf] 5' . o;af6 dn} ] ;+;f/ lrGg ;s]sf] 5' . OG6/g]6sf cltl/St k:' tsfnodf
uP/ gof“ gof“ k:' ts k9g\ ] d]/f] ;f]v 5 . dn} ] y'k}| ljb]zL tyf gk] fnL nv] ssf lstfa
k9]sf] 5' . ev/{ } ‘d'gfdbg’ k9]“† s]xL lbg cufl8 ‘3fdsf kfOnfx¿’ k9]sf] lyP†“ /fdf| ]
nfUof] . d vn] sb' df klg plQs} ?lr /fV5' . dnfO{ dg kg{] vn] xg' \ M ljm| s6] , elnan, km6' an /
r]; . dnfO{ 7'nf]–;fgf], wgL–ul/a, k'?if–dlxnf, 5't–c5t' egL ljeb] ug]{ rng k6Ss} dg
kb{}g . xfd|f] ;dfhdf /xs] f] juLo{ -wgL / ul/a larsf_] , hftLo -hft, hfltsf larsf_] ,
If]qLo -If]q jf a;s] f 7fps“ f larsf_] , n}ª\lus -k'?if, dlxnf / t;] f| ] lnªu\ L larsf]_ h:tf lje]b
-e]befj_ x6fpg'k5{ . To:t} zf/Ll/s ¿kdf czStx¿nfO{ l5M l5M ¤¤ / b'/M b'/M ¤¤
ug],{ pgLx¿nfO{ a/f ¤ lar/f ¤ eg]/ sdhf/] 7fGg] kj| l[ Q klg dnfO{ k6Ss} dg kb}g{ .
pgLx¿;“u leGg k|sf/sf] Ifdtf 5 / pgLx¿ klg cfkm\g} uf8] fdf pleg ;S5g\ eGg] s/' f
dnfO{ yfxf 5 .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 125

#= pko'St nV] o lrx\g ko| f]u u/L k'gn]{vg ug'x{ f;] \ M

-s_ blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo ;xofu] ;ª\u7gsf] 5f]6s/L gfd g} ;fs{ xf] tkfO{n“ fO{ yfxf 5
;fss{ f ;b:o /fi6«x¿ s'g sg' xg' \ gk] fn ef/t e6' fg aª\unfb]z >Lnª\sf kfls:tfg
dflNbE; ckmuflg:tfg ;fs{sf ;b:o /fi6x« ¿ xg' \

-v_ ;'Gg' ef] /fd t lxh} cdl] /sf k'u5] t/ s] ug{' p;sf] le;f t gSsnL kf] k/]5 pm t
ljdfg:ynaf6} lkmtf{ eP5 xfdLn] p;nfO{ slt eg]sf lyof“} :jb]zd} a;/] sfd u/] klg
xG' 5 ljb]z} hfg] xf] eg] klg /fd|/L a'em/] dfq hfgk' 5{ .

$= pbfx/0fdf h:t} u/L ‘k9’\ wfta' f6 tLg sfnsf ;fdfGo kIfsf ¿k n]Vgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f M -wft' ‘n]v’\ _
d}n] sljtf nv] “] . -;fdfGo et" _
d sljtf n]V5' . -;fdfGo jtd{ fg_
d sljtf nV] g] 5' . -;fdfGo eljiot\_

%= pbfx/0fcg;' f/ ‘nv] ’\ wfta' f6 ck0" f{ kIfsf ¿kx¿ agfpg'xf;] \ M

pbfx/0f M ltdL eft vfb“ } lyof} . -ck0" f{ et" _
ltdL eft vfb“ } 5f} . -ck0" f{ jtd{ fg_
ltdL eft vf“b} xg' ] 5f} . -ck"0f{ eljiot\ _

^= pbfx/0fdf h:t} u/L ‘;'g\’ wft'sf k0" f{ kIfsf ¿k n]Vg'xf;] \ M

pbfx/0f M
xl/ a;]sf] lyof] . ;Ltf cfPsL lyO{ . -k"0f{ et" _
xl/ a;s] f] 5 . ;Ltf cfPsL 5 . -k0" f{ jt{dfg_
xl/ a;s] f] x'g] 5 . ;Ltf cfPsL x'g] 5 . -ck0" f{ eljiot\ _

&= pbfx/0fcg;' f/ ‘u/’\ / ‘k9’\ wfta' f6 st,{[ sd{ tyf ;t' \ wfta' f6 efj jfRosf ¿k bv] fpgx' f;] \ M

pbfx/0f M
d sljtf n]V5' . ltdL ;kmn eof} . hosnf xfl“ :5g\ . of]u/fh uof] . -st{[ jfRo_
dåf/f sljtf nl] vG5 . ltdLåf/f k/LIff lbOof] . -sd{ jfRo_
-hosnfåf/f_ xf“l;G5 . ofu] /fhåf/f uOof] . -efj jfRo_

126 g]kfnL M sIff (

*= pbfx/0fdf lbP h:t} u/L ‘x/fp’, ‘;g' fp’, ‘lx“8’\ / ‘af]n’\ wft'af6 s/0f / cs/0fsf
jfSox¿ agfpgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f M
pm k95\ . d hfG5' . ;'ldqf uOg\ . -s/0f_
pm k9\bg} . d hfGg“ . ;'ldqf uOgg\ . -cs/0f_

(= tnsf ljm| ofkbn] cEo:t e"t sfnnfO{ ae' mfPsf 5g\, ltgnfO{ cEof; kl' :tsfdf ;fg'{xf;] \ M

xfd|f kfnfdf clxn] h:tf] htf;s' } :s'n x“b' g} y] . vf; u//] dfWolds ljBfnox¿ ;Lldt
x'Gy] . To;}n] d dflj txsf] k9fOsf nflu 3/af6 8]9 3G6f 6f9f lx“8]/ hfGy]“ . af9L cfpb“ f
vf]nfx¿ 7n' f x'Gy] . xfdL af9L g36G' h]n kv{]/ a:Yof}“ / af9L 36]kl5 tYof“{} . af6f] klg
cK7\of/f] xG' Yof] . slxns] fxL“ klx/fn] ] klg af6f] 5]SYof] . rflxP hlt sfkL snd lsGg]
k};f;d]t xb“' }gYof] . k9fO ;s/] 3/ kmlsg{ ] an] f af6fsf k;nx¿df aflx/} ;n] /f]6L aR] g
/fv]sf x'Gy] . otf efs] n] k6] df d;' f bf}l8/xs] f] xG' Yof,] csfl{ t/ lsg]/ vfg] k};f x'“b}gYof] .
To;n} ] aR] g /fvs] f vfgs] '/flt/ cfv“ f gk¿g\ eGb} bfl} 8GYof“} .

!)= tnsf] cgR' 5b] df /xs] f e"t sfnsf c1ft kIf -c1ft et" _ sf ljm| ofkbnfO{ ;f/]/ lzIfsnfO{
b]vfpgx' f;] \ M

pm t slt 7n' f] eO;s5] . p;n] k9g\ klg /fd/| L k95] . OlGhlgol/ª k9g\ 5fqjl[ Q kfP5 .
clg pm nfs] ;]jf cfofu] sf] k/LIff pQL0f{ u//] ;/sf/L hflu/] eP5 .

!!= cEo:t e"t sfnsf] ko| f]u u/L cfkmg\ f] afNosfnsf] j0f{g ug{x' f];\ .

!@= c1ft et" sf] ko| fu] u/L cfkm" n] bv] ]sf] s'g} ;x/sf] j0f{g ugx'{ f];\ .

l;h{gfTds sfo{

!= tn sljtfsf tLg ks| f/sf no jf 9fr“ f lbOPsf 5g\ . tL dWo] s'g} Pp6f 9fr“ fdf ‘ls;fg’
zLif{sdf sljtf nV] g'xf;] \ M

-s_ d'St no

p;sf] lhGbuL
;8s / laxfg;u“ } p7]sf] 5, bu'/]sf] 5
p;sf] kfOtfnf
lr;f] / gfªu\ f] 5

gk] fnL M sIff ( 127

nfU5, p;sf] lhGbuLsf] cGTo 5g}
p;n] ug]{ ofqfsf] s'g} lj>fd 5g}
-h;/fh ls/ftL M ‘Tof] x'nfsL’ zLif{s sljtfaf6_
-v_ zf:qLo 5Gb -no_
s:tf] 5 3/ cGgkft clxn] a;f{t s:tf] eof] <
af9L cfO k/f/ em“} ls t ;a} ;f]/L a9f/L uof] <
7f8} af]6 ;'s] ls wfgx¿sf rsf]{ v8]/L 5 ls ¤
xfgL Joª\Uo ;';fpb“ } tn cem} aUb} xl' gg\ u08sL .
-ldqnfn k1+ fgL M ‘ufp“sf] ;fyLnfO{ lr7L’ sljtfaf6_
-u_ nfs] no
xftsf] dn} f ;g' sf] y}nf s] ug{' wgn] <
;fu / l;:gf] vfPsf] j]z cfgGbL dgn]
-nIdLk|;fb bj] sf6] f M ‘dg' fdbg’ af6_

@= lgDg lnlvt ab“' fsf cfwf/df ‘;flxTosf/ jf;'b]j lqkf7L’ zLif{sdf hLjgL tof/ kfg{x' f];\ M

klxnf] cgR' 5]b — lj= ;+= !((( sf] hGd — hGd:yfg tgx'“ — dftf uf]df lqkf7L — lktf
kd]| bQ lqkf7L — pgL cf7 jifs{ f] x“b' f cfdfsf] lgwg — lktfsf] nfngkfngdf xs' fO{ — ;DkGg
kl/jf/ — cf}nf]sf] 8/n] uf]/vfdf k¥' ofOP — dfdf3/ klg ToxL“ — afNosfn ToxLs“ f vfn] f,
vfN] ;f, ?v sfGnf, vt] af/L rxfb{} laTof] — cToGt r~rn :jefj — hfu] fpg} dl' :sn .
bf];f| ] cg'R5]b — 3/}df lktfåf/f cIf/f/De — u'? s'nLo jftfj/0fdf lzIff/De — !^ jif{sf]
pd]/df lzIffhg{ sf nflu sf7df8f“} cfudg — ;:+ s[t 5fqfjf;df a;/] ;+:st[ lzIffsf] k9fO
— ;:+ s[tdf cfrfo,{ g]kfnLdf :gftsfQ] / pQL0f{ / cª\u]|hLdf ;dt] :gftsfQ] / k|yd jif{sf]
k/LIff pQL0f{ — lqljaf6 g]kfnL ljifosf] klxnf] ljBfjfl/lw — lqrGb| sn]haf6 kf| Wofkg
cf/De — To;sf] nuQ} lqlj sLltk{ '/df kf| Wofkg / ToxLa“ f6 ;]jf lgjQ .
t;] f| ] cg'R5]b — sljtf, syf, lgaGw, ;dfnf]rgf ljwfdf u/L g]kfnL efiffdf ;a}eGbf a9L
/rgf ug]{ JolSt — ;dfnfr] gf ;d|f6\sf] pkflw kf| Kt — ;j] f lgjQ[ ePkl5 cfkm" n] klxnf
n]vs] f /rgfsf] ;ªs\ ng ;Dkfbg, k|sfzgdf Jo:t .

128 g]kfnL M sIff (

kf7 !$ dlxnf lx;+ f

ljBfnodf nuftf/ tLg rf/ lbg labf k/s] f] 5 . 5fqfjf;sf w/] h} ;f] ljBfyL{ labf dgfpg cfcfkm\ gf
3/ uPsf 5g\ . 3/ 6f9f ePsf ljBfyL{ eg] 5fqfjf;df g} 5g\ . lgs} lbg wl' DdPkl5 aNn 3fd
nfu]sfn] cfh ;a} ljBfyL{ rf}/df a;]sf 5g\ .

!= ;1+ f M -5fqfjf;sf ] 9fs] faf6 aflx/ lg:sb“ }_ P ;fyL xf] ¤ ltdLx¿ s ] vfb“ } 5f } x “ < dn} ]
klg sx] L vfg]s'/f NofPsL 5' .

@= cGj]iff M s ] Nofof} ;1+ f <

#= ;+1f M e'6s] f] abfd / ds } ¤ -k/lt/ b]vfp“b_} pm clen]v / pkfz+ ' klg 5fqfjf;af6
ot} cfp“b} 5g\ .

$= cGj]iff M ;Kt/Ldf k]ml/ csL { dlxnfnfO { hnfP/ df/5] g\ lg ¤ ltdLn ] yfxf kfof} <

%= ;+1f M lsg df/5] g\ <

^= cGji] ff M bfOhf] gNofPsf] lgxd“' f .

&= ;1+ f M st} bfOhf] gNofPsf]df, st} 5f]/f gkfPsfd] f, st} >LdtL xg' ] k?' ifsf] ;DaGw
cGo dlxnf;“u ePsfn], st} >LdtL >Ldfge\ Gbf dlfyNnf] cfx] f]bfdf kU' gfn] 3/
3/df w/] } dlxnfdfly lx+;f xg' ] u/]sf 5g\ .

*= cGji] ff M dflg; lsg olt nf]eLkfkL ePsf xf]nfg\ xlu <

gk] fnL M sIff ( 129

(= clenv] M -a:b_} ljsl;t b]zsf dflg;x¿n] xfdf| o:tf 36gfsf af/]df yfxf kfP/ s ]
eGnfg\ eGg] 8/ eO;Sof] .

!)= pkf+z' M eGnfg\ xf]Og, elg;ss] f 5g\ lg ¤

!!= ;+1f M o;f ] u¥of] p;f ] u¥of,] dlxnfs} 6fpsfdf e'ªu\ |f] vlgg] t /x]5 lg ¤

!@= clen]v M klxn ] t gk] fndf bfOhf ] ky| fn ] olt ljs/fn ¿k lnPsf ] ;l' gPsf ] lyPg . kxf8df
t o:tf] rng } bl] vGgYof] .

!#= cGj]iff M klxn ] 5f/] LnfO{ kfi] f0fo'St vfgs] '/f / lzIffbLIff lbg] s'/fdf ;d]t aGb]h lyof ] .
clxn ] t To:tf] 5g} . lzIffbLIff, kfngkf]if0f 5f/] f / 5f/] Ldf km/s ul/“bg} .

!$= ;1+ f M kxf8, t/fO{ / /fhwfgLdf 5f/] Lk|ltsf] Jojxf/ km/s km/s 5 . bfOhf] ky| fn ]
t/fO{nfO{ a9L cfj|mfGt kf/]sf] 5 . d}n] cfkm\ gf] dfdf3/ jL/uGh hfg] cfpg]
j|mddf of ] s'/f glhsa} f6 b]v]sL 5 ' .

!%= pkfz+ ' M t/fO { dfq sxf “ xf ] /, kxf8df klg lje]bo'St Jojxf/ 5“b } 5 . bfOhf] k|yfsf
sg' } g sg' } cjz]if Toxf“ klg 5g \ . dnfO { t crDd nfU5 . ljZj sxf“af6 sxf“
k'lu;Sof] . xfdL eg] o:t} cljjs] L s/' fdf clNemP/ a;s] f 5f“} .

!^= ;+1f M dfgjtf dflys} j"m| / kx| f/ xf ] of ] . cGo sltko bz] df t o:tf dfgjtf lj/f]wL
36gfn] xnrn dRrfp“Yof ] .

!&= cGj]iff M xfdLsxf“ To:tf lj|mofsnfkn] lsg lg/Gt/tf kfPsf xf]nfg \ xlu <

!*= pkfz+ ' M r]tgfsf ] sdLn] klg xfn] f . ;hfo sd eP/ klg xfn] f . o:tf ck/fwLnfO{ t
hlt ;hfo lbP klg sd} xG' 5 .

!(= cGji] ff M xfdf| ] bz] df dlxnfdflysf ] pTkL8g t slt xf] slt ¤

@)= ;1+ f M ToxL t, ljjfx u/]/ uPsf 3/df ax' ft{g vKg' plQs } . 5fpk8L, bp] sL, h:tf
ky| faf6 b'MvL x'g ] klg ltg} .

@!= cGj]iff M j:te' fp;/x a]lrgk' g]{ ltg}n], anfTsf/ u/L ss' '/ la/fnf;/x ldNsfOg] klg
ltg} .

zAbfy{
ljs/fn M 8/nfUbf]
cfj|mfGt M ;tfOPsf]
5fpk8L M /h:jnf x“b' f a:g] 5fkf| ]
b]psL M dlGb/df r9fOPsL sGof

130 gk] fnL M sIff (

@@= pkf+z ' M dflg;nfO { olt w]/ } cTofrf/ rflx “ lsg ug'{ k/]sf ] xf]nf xlu <

@#= cGji] ff M Psflt/ cae' mkgf, csf{lt/ ae' m krfO klg .

@$= clenv] M o:tfnfO{ s;/L tx nufpg ;lsPnf t ¤

@%= ;1+ f M rt] gfsf] sdL klg xf] . sfgg' sf] kfngf gug'{ klg xf] .

@^= pkf+z' M lsg / ;+1f, sfgg' t kfngf ePs} 5 lg ¤

@&= cGj]iff M sfgg' L Joj:yfdf ePsf s'/fsf ] sfof{Gjog kIf alnof ] x'gk' 5 { . xfdL ;a}n ]
cf6“ \g ] xf ] eg ] o:tf] sk' y| f x6g\ w]/ } ;do g} nfUb}g . xfdL ;a}sf ] kxndf ;xh
lsl;dn] ;DkGg xg' ] sfd JolStsf kxndf eg] c;xh x'G5 .

@*= pkf+z ' M dlxnf lx;+ fsf] d'Vo sf/0f ;dfhdf n}ªl\ us ljeb] sfod xg' ' xf ] . ;dJojxf/
gx“'bf nª} l\ us c;Gt'ng hGDof ] . o;sf] dn" sf/0f ;fdflhs, cfly{s ¿kdf
dlxnf / k?' ifsf ] ;dfg e"ldsf gxg' ' xf] . lrGtf gu/f“,} la:tf/ } ;dfh kl/jt{g
x'b“ } 5 . xfd|f ;f]rfO / ljrf/wf/f klg kl/jt{g xb'“ } 5g\ . ;dfgtf / :jtGqtf
x7ft\ k|fKt xg' ] ljifo klg t xfO] gg\ .

@(= clenv] M To:tf ] sxf “ xfn] f / < ljeb] t cem;Dd hAa/ ¿kdf /xs] } 5 . o:tf] n}ªl\ us
c;dfgtf x6n\ f / <

#)= pkfz+ ' M dlxnfx¿ cfTdlge/{ xg' yfnk] l5 eg ] o:tf ] ljeb] df kl/jtg{ cfpg yfns] f ] 5 .

#!= clen]v M dlxnfn] g} klg dlxnfnfO { pTkL8g lbG5g\ klg elgG5 lg ¤ ;f;n" ] ax' f/LnfO{ g}
b'Mv lbPsf pbfx/0f klg 5g \ .

#@= cGj]iff M s'/f pTkL8g s;n] lbPsf] 5 eGg] xfO] g, Tof] t ;fdflhs ;/+ rgf / To;n]
lgdf0{ f u/]sf] ;+:sf/sf] xf] . k/Dk/fdf h] ePsf] 5, r]tgfsf] ljsf;;u“ } To;sf]
cGTo x'G5 . lxhfs] f g/fd|f k/Dk/f tf]l8b“ } 5g\ . gof“ rt] gf hGd“b} 5g \ .

##= clen]v M To;f ] t elgG5 . t} klg xfd|f ljrf/ olt hAa/ 5g,\ Tof ] x6fpg ufx|f ] 5 lg ¤

#$= ;1+ f M ;fdflhs kl/jtg{ sf nflu ca k?' ifx¿ klg tof/ 5g\ . pgLx¿ cfÇgf] e"ldsf
kl/jt{g ub}{ 5g\ . dlxnfdf klg hfu/0f cfPsf] 5 .

#%= cGji] ff M Tof] t xf ] . lzIffn] dflg;sf] ljrf/df kl/jt{g Nofpb“ } 5 .

#^= ;1+ f M Tolt dfq xfO] g, clxns] f] ;l+ jwfgn] t dlxnf xsnfO{ w/] } dfqfdf :yflkt u/s] } 5 .

#&= cGji] ff M dlxnfsf nflu kb| fg ul/g ] lzIff, hflu/df kj| ]z tyf 5fqjl[ Q h:tf ;l' jwfsf
sf/0f klg dlxnf x'g' sdhf]/ xg' ' xf] eGg] ljrf/df kl/jt{g cfPsf] 5 .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 131

#*= clenv] M of] kl/jt{g t cfp“b } 5 g} . tk} lg ljeb] t sfod g} 5 lg ¤

#(= pkf+z ' M ca sfof{Gjogsf] r/0fnfO { kv{g'k5 { .

$)= clenv] M xg' t xf ] t/ d rflx “ cfzfjfbL 5}g .

$!= pkf+z ' M /fHo / ;dfhsf ] ;o+ S' t kxn eof ] eg ] oL ;a } s/' f Jojxf/df g } ;Dej xG' 5g \ .

$@= clen]v M dlxnfn] dlxnfdfly ug]{ lx+;fsf] s'/f] lg <

$#= cGji] ff M ;fdflhs ;+/rgfn] lgdf{0f u/s] f] ;:+ sf/sf af/d] f k'glj{rf/ gu/]/ xf] .

$$= clen]v M -s]xL xf;“ ]/_ k?' ifn ] dlxnfdfly u/]sf] lx+;fsf ] s/' f lg < of ] ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf]
dfq bfi] f xf] / <

$%= cGji] ff M -uDeL/ eP/_ 76\6f u/]sf] ls ;f“Rr } eg]sf ] clenv] <

$^= clenv] M 766\ } xf,] xfdL h:tf ;rt] dflg;n ] t o:tf s/' fnfO { km/s lsl;dn ] cYofp{ g } ldng]
lg ¤

$&= cGj]iff M xf] ;fyL, xfdL ;fdflhs ;+/rgfsf hudf gku' L ;xL ;dfwfg lgsfNg ;Ifd x“b' }
gf“} klg .

$*= pkfz+ ' M o:tf 36gfdf kf| oM k?' ifsf] lj/f]w ug {] rng 5 . s] bf]ifL k'?if g} xg' \ t <

$(= cGji] ff M xf,] oxLl“ g/ eO/xs] f ] 5 dn" uNtL . lj/fw] ugk{' g {] t g/fdf| ;fdflhs ;/+ rgfsf ] kf ] xf]
t ¤ ;dfhnfO { abNg ] ljrf/wf/fn ] xf ] . o;sf nflu ;rt] k'?if / dlxnf Ps
xg' k' 5{ / ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s lje]bnfO{ cGTo ug{'k5{ .

%)= ;1+ f M xhf/f“} jif{sf] ljeb] Ps lbgdf g} cGTo xg' ] t xfO] g . k'?if jf dlxnf /ysf b'O{
kfªu\ |f xg' \ . ;dfhdf xflb{stf / ;f}Gbos{ f nflu klg lje]b x6g\ k' 5{ . o;sf
nflu klg ;dfhnfO { Ao“'tfpg } k5 { .

%!= cGj]iff M s/' f ToxL xf ] . xfdL dlxnfx¿ k'?if lj/fw] L xf]Ogf,“} g t k?' if g} dlxnf lj/f]wL
x'g\ . b'j}sf ] Pstfn] dfq kl/jf/ rN5, ;dfh rN5 / /fHo rN5 .

%@= pkf+z ' M ToxL t egs] f] lg ¤ k'?if / dlxnf Ps eP/ g} n}ª\lusnufotsf ljeb] cGTo
ug{ ;lsG5 .

%#= clenv] M dlxnf / k'?if bj' } y/Lsf ] ko| Tg ;d;Qf :yfkgf ug {] s'/fdf s]lGbt| xg' 'k5{ .
Tof ] ;d;Qf egs] f ] k'?if gf/L bj' }n ] n}ª\lus pTkL8g ef]Ug' gkg {] ;Qf xf ] .

zAbfy{

;d;Qf M a/fa/Lsf ] clwsf/

132 g]kfnL M sIff (

%$= cGj]iff M xf,] of ] ;Dej 5 . klxnf ] s/' f cflys{ lsl;dn ] dlxnfnfO { k?' ifnfO { hlQs } clwsf/
/ st{Jon] ;DkGg agfpg'k5{ . o;n ] cfwf ;kmntf ldN5 . af“sL cfwf ;kmntf
;f:+ sl[ ts ljeb] nfO { j|mdzM pv]Nb } uPkl5 kf| Kt x'G5 .

%%= clenv] M jSt[tfdf /fVgnfO { cfh uhasf ] ljifo k]mnf k¥of] xf]Og t <

%^= cGji] ff M xf ] t, labf ;lsPkl5 ;a } ;fyLx¿ kmls{G5g \ . To;kl5 ;a};“u ;Nnfx u/]/
o; ljifo ;DaGwL jSt[tfsf] sfo{jm| d agfpn“ f lg, xG' g / <

%&= ;1+ f M eOxfN5 lg ¤ t/ jStt[ fdf dfq xfO] g, hLjgdf klg o;nfO { nfu ' ug{k' ¥of] lg ¤

%*= clenv] M xf,] xfdLn ] ca dlxnf, k?' if, afnaflnsf ;ad} f xg' ] lx;+ fsf lj?4 kfOnf rfNgk' 5 { .

%(= ;a} hgf M -Ps};fy_ xf], kfOnf rfNg'k5{ . cfh}bl] v xfdLn ] lx;+ fsf lj?4 Psh6' xg' 'k5 { .

^)= ;a} hgf M xf] xf] . xg' k} 5{ . xg' }k5{ .

-vfgf vfg ] ;dosf] 3G6Lsf] cfjfh cfp“5 ._

cGji] ff M P ¤ s/' } s/' fdf vfgf vfg ] 3G6L klg nfUof ] ¤ /fd }| s/' fdf 5nkmn eof ] . ca hfcf “}
;a} .

-;a} hgf p75\ g\ ._

cEof; 133

;'gfO
!= ;+jfbsf] Psbl] v af/f};“ Ddsf] cg'R5b] ;G' gx' f];\ / l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpg'xf];\ M

-s_ bfOhf] k|yfsf af/d] f s'/fsfgL ePsf] 5 .
-v_ ljleGg sf/0fn ] dlxnfdfly lx;+ f x'g] u/s] f] 5 .
-u_ dflg;x¿ nfe] LkfkL 5}gg \ .
-3_ ljb]zLx¿n] cfh;Dd xfd|f] k5f}6]kgsf af/]df yfxf kfPsf 5g} g\ .
-ª_ 6fpsf]df eª' u\ |f ] vGofpg' ck/fw xf] .

g]kfnL M sIff (

@= ;j+ fbsf] af/bl] v PSsfO;;Ddsf] cgR' 5b] ;G' gx' f;] \ / tn ;fl] wPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ eGgx' f;] \ M
-s_ b'O{ rf/ bzscl3;Dd gk] fndf bfOhf] ky| fsf ] ¿k s:tf ] lyof] <
-v_ klxnf 5f]/Lkl| tsf] Jojxf/ s:tf] lyof ] <
-u_ dlxnf lx;+ fsf 36gf s;/L yfxf kfOG5 <
-3_ gk] fnLx¿ s:tf s'/fdf clNemP/ a;s] f 5g \ <
-ª_ dlxnfnfO { lsg j:te' fp;/x al] rG5 <
#= tnsf] kf7 ;G' g'xf;] \ / pQ/ lbg'xf;] \ M
;dfhdf dlxnf pTkL8gsf ] sf/s cflys{ ;DaGw klg xf] . k/Dk/fut ¿kdf x]g{] xf] eg]

dlxnfx¿ cfly{s ¿kdf kl5 k/]sf 5g\ . laxfgbl] v /ftL;Dd 3/fo;L sfddf ;n+ Ug /x] klg
To;sf] s'g} >dut d"No 5}g . cflys{ sf/fa] f/ ls klt ls kq' sf xftdf xG' 5 . ;DklQdfly
clwsf/ gxb'“ f dlxnfx¿ pTkL8gdf k/s] f 5g\ . o:tf ] cj:yfdf kl/jtg{ NofP/ g } dlxnf
clwsf/nfO{ ;'lglZrt ug { ;lsG5 .
-s_ dlxnf pTkL8gsf ] dn" sf/s s] xf ] <
-v_ dlxnfsf] >dsf ] u0fgf lsg gePsf ] xf] <
-u_ nª} \lus ljeb] sf ] cGTo s;/L ;Dej x'G5 <
-3_ nª} \lus lje]bsf ] cGTosf nflu tkfO“{ s] ug{'xG' 5 <
afn] fO

!= tnsf zAbsf] z4' pRrf/0f ug{'xf];\ M
cfjm| fGt, eª' \uf| ], k|yf, n}ªl\ us, pkfz+ ,' ljm| ofsnfk, :jfefljs
@= tkfOn“{ fO{ sg' kfqsf] egfO /fd|f] nfUof] / lsg < ts{;lxt sIffdf atfpgx' f;] \ .
#= cfcfÇgf kl/jz] df tkfOx“{ ¿n] cge' j u/s] f nª} l\ us ljeb] sf af/d] f sIffdf k:| tt' ugx{' f;] \ .
k9fO

!= pgfGrfln;b]lv kt}“ fln;;Ddsf cg'R5]bnfO{ ;:j/jfrg ugx{' f];\ / tL cgR' 5b] k9g\ tkfOn{“ fO{
slt ;do nfUof], lzIfsnfO{ ;fW] gx' f];\ .

134 g]kfnL M sIff (

@= kf7sf krf;b]lv ;GtfpGg;Ddsf cg'R5b] af6 d'Vo d'Vo kfr“ a“'bf l6Kgx' f;] \ .

#= lgDg lnlvt cg'R5]b k9L tn ;f]lwPsf k|Zgx¿sf] pQ/ lbgx' f];\ M

;w}“ ;w}“ ;Nnf ;';fp“bf /dfOnf] / cfgGb nfUg] dnfO{ clxn] s:tf] s:tf] g/dfOnf] nfu]/
cfof ] . sfd}sfd / b'Mv } b'Mvn] ;w“}el/ lylrPsL dlxnfsf ] lr;f] ;':s]/f h:tf ] nfUof ] dnfO {
;Nnf ;';fpb“ fsf] cfjfh . xhf/f} “ xhf/ b'MvL gk] fnL dlxnfx¿sf dw/' f cgx' f/x¿ pleP
d]/f cfv“ fcl3 . s7 } ¤ ;Eotfsf gfddf hlt g} cfw'lgs b]lvP klg / lgod sfgg' sf kfgfdf
hlt g } n]v] klg vfO] sxf “ 36]sf ] 5 / dlxnfsf] pTkL8g / zfi] f0f ¤ vf]O sxf“ cfe] fPsf ]
5 dlxnfsf] cg'xf/ / cfv“ fsf ] l8n < vf]O sxf “ pHoflnPsf ] 5 dlxnfsf] cgx' f/ / cfv“ fsf ]
gfgL ¤ ha cfwf wtL { / cfwf cfsfz g } c“Wof/f] / afbnn ] 9fls/xG5 eg ] cfw'lgstf /
ljsf;sf ] gfddf uj{ u//] 5ftL km} nfpg' klg Joy{ } xf ] eG5 ' d .

-eLid pk]|tL M lgnf ] kfgL / lgnf efjgfx¿ lgaGw ;ªu\ |xaf6_

-s_ n]vsnfO{ lsg g/dfOnf] nfUof ] <
-v_ dlxnfdflysf] pTkL8g / zf]if0fsf] cj:yf s:tf ] /xs] f ] 5 <
-u_ dlxnfsf nflu sfg'gsf kfgf s:tf 5g\ <
-3_ dlxnfsf ] cfv“ fsf] l8nn] s] eG5 <
-ª_ clxn] cfwl' gstf / ljsf;sf ] dN" o s ] s:tf ] 5 <

-r_ ‘pTkL8g’ / ‘dw'/f’ ko| fu] u/L Pp6f Pp6f jfSo agfpg'xf];\ .

n]vfO

!= kf7 k9L tnsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ nV] gx' f];\ M

-s_ dlxnf lx;+ fsf ] :j¿k s:tf] xG' 5 <
-v_ ;dfhsf ljleGg 36gfsf af/]df s;/L hfgsf/L kfOG5 <
-u_ ;fdflhs ;d;Qf eg]sf ] s ] xf] <
-3_ s:tf s/' fnfO{ cljjs] L elgG5 <
-ª_ clwsf/ / stJ{ osf ] ;dfg ljt/0f eg]sf] s] xf ] <
@= k:| tt' kf7 k9k] l5 ;fdflhs ¿kfGt/0fsf af/d] f cfk\mgf] wf/0ff n]Vgx' f;] \ .

g]kfnL M sIff ( 135

#= tnsf] cgR' 5]b k9L ;f]lwPsf kZ| gx¿sf] pQ/ ;ªI\ f]kdf n]Vgx' f];\ M

lkt[;Qfsf sf/0faf6 ePsf ;d:of dlxnfn] dfq ef]u]sf 5g} g,\ k'?ifx¿ klg o;af6 kofK{ t
dfqfdf kLl8t ags] f 5g\ . sltko k?' ifnfO{ efG;fsf] sfd ug{ /x/ nfU5 . t/ ;dfhsf 8/n]
pgLx¿ To;f] ug { ;Sbg} g\ . sltko k?' ifsf ] :jefj g } nhfn ' xG' 5 . t/ pgLx¿n ] nfh dfGbf
;dfhn ] dlxnf h:tf] elglbG5 . b'Mvdf cf“;' gcfpg] dflg; x“'b}g . ;dfhn ] eg ] k'?ifnfO{
cf“;' n'sfP/ s7f/] aGg ] cfbz] lbG5 . bM' v xl] kgn] fO{ dfq xb“' }g, xK] g]nfO { klg xG' 5 . dlxnf /
k?' ifdWo] Pp6f x]Kg ] / csf] { xl] kg ] x“b' f ;dfhsf] ;+/rgf klg nyflnªu\ xG' 5 . o:tf ] ;dfhdf
dflg;n] ;'v / zflGtsf ] cg'ej ug { kfp“b}gg\ . o;}n ] ;Unf] / kl/k"0f { ;dfhsf ] lgdf{0fsf ]
Pp6f dxŒjk"0f { cfwf/ xf,] lkt[;Qfsf ] pR5]bg / ;d;Qfsf ] :yfkgf .

-s_ lkt;[ Qfaf6 k?' if s;/L kLl8t ags] f 5g \ <
-v_ k'?ifn] ;dfhsf 8/n] s ] ug { ;Sbg} <
-u_ ;dfhn] k?' ifnfO{ s:tf] cj:yfdf dlxnf h:tf ] elglbG5 <
-3_ ;dfhsf] cj:yf s;/L nyflnª\u x'G5 <
$= dflysf] ;+jfbdf k:| t't ePsf ;Gbz] x¿nfO{ ;f/fz+ sf ¿kdf nV] g'xf;] \ .

%= ‘d ;dtfjfbL ;dfh lgdf0{ f ug{ rfxG5’' zLif{sdf Pp6f cgR' 5b] n]Vg'xf];\ .

^= ‘dlxnf ;zStLs/0f’ zLif{sdf Pp6f ;j+ fb tof/ ug{'xf;] \ .

Jofs/0f

!= kf7af6 zAbsf ;'? / cGTodf x|:j Osf/ ePsf b; b; cf6] f zAb l6Kg'xf];\ .

@= kf7af6 zAbsf] dWodf x:| j Osf/ ePsf kfr“ / bL3{ Osf/ ePsf kfr“ cf6] f zAb l6Kgx' f;] \ .

#= ;, z, if cIf/ k|of]u x'g] %×÷% zAb n]Vgx' f];\ .

$= tnsf] cg'R5b] df ePsf j0f{ljGof;ut ql' 6x¿ ;Rofpg'xf;] \ M

l;tf d]/L ;fly x'g\ . lutf rfxL“ ;LtfsL ;fyL xf] . xfdL ;a}sf axLlgx¿ klg ;“u }
k9\5g \ . xfldnfO { syfsf k:" ts k9g\ dg k5 { . /hlg lbbLn ] xfdLnfO { k:' ts lbg"xG' 5 .
xfdL klg k':tssf ] va" htg u5f }+{ . xfdL;u“ syfsf] k':ts b]Vgf;fy lbkf klg xfd|f 5p] df
cfp5“ Lg\ .

%= tn lbOPsf jfSo k9g\ 'xf;] \ / ltgsf ks| f/sf af/]df hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{xf;] \ M

136 g]kfnL M sIff (

;/n jfSo M lj= ;+= @)&@ ;fnsf] e'Or“ fnfn] w]/} ljgfz u¥of ] . o;n] dw];df eGbf klg
kxf8df w]/} xflg u¥of] . w]/} cf6] f ufp“sf dflg;x¿ 3/af/ljxLg ag ] . w/] } ljBfnox¿ klg
elTsP . yk' }| aRrfx¿n ] cfdfafa ' u'dfP .

;o+ S' t jfSo M o;kfln ;dodf g} jiff { eof] / cGgafnL w]/ } ;lko| f ] . dflg;x¿n ] w/] } cGg
yk' fg{ kfpg ] cfzf /fv]sf lyP t/ sflt{sdf k/]sf ] cl;gfn] ;a} afnL Wj:t eof ] . ljgfzsf/L
es" Dkkl5 ljBfno uPsf] klxnf] lbg ljBfyL{x¿nfO { k9fOPg lsgeg] pgLx¿sf ] dgdf ce}m
qf; af“sL g} lyof] . pgLx¿n] Toxf“ gfrufg klg u/ ] / u'?af6 syf klg ;g' ] .

ld> jfSo M ltdL hxfa“ f6 cfPsf lyof,} ToxL“ kms/{] hfpm . ltdLnfO{ h'g s/' fsf af/]df
s]xL yfxf 5}g, To;}sf af/d] f efif0f g5f6“ . d h] u5,{' ltdL klg ToxL u/ . lxhf]sf] dflg;
c;n lyof], hf] d;u“ lgs } glhlsg vfl] h/x]sf ] lyof ] .

^= tnsf] cg'R5b] k9L jfSosf ks| f/ 56' o\ fpgx' f];\ M

cfh rt} dlxgfsf ] bf;] |f] xKtf xf] -;/n jfSo_ . lxhf] a]n'sf klg kfgL k¥of] / cfh laxfg
klg kfgL k¥of] -;o+ 'St jfSo_ . Pp6f 5ftf afs] ]sL lyP“ t/ cl;gfkfgLn] To;nfO{ ef“lrlbof]
-;+o'St jfSo_ . lxhfc] fhsf ;a} 5ftf To:t} xg' \ -;/n jfSo_ . d h'g 5ftf lsG5,' d/] L
5f]/L ToxL 5ftf n}hfG5] -ld> jfSo_ . lxhf] d htf htf uP“, Totf Totf Psbd} le8ef8
lyof] -ld> jfSo_ .

&= kf7af6 ;/n, ;o+ S' t / ld> jfSosf bO' ÷{ b'O{ pbfx/0f l6Kg'xf];\ .

*= tnsf ;+ofh] s ko| f]u u//] jfSo lgdf0{ f ug'{xf;] \ M

/, t/, hf], h'g, klg, lsgls, lsgeg,] eg,] jf, gq, ls, t}klg, Pjd\

(= ;/n jfSosf] ko| f]u u/]/ cfk\mgf] 3/sf] j0f{g ug{x' f];\ .

!)= ld> jfSosf] ko| fu] u//] cfÇgf] ;dfhsf af/]df j0fg{ ug'{xf;] \ .

!!= ;+o'St jfSosf] ko| fu] u//] jftfj/0fLo kb| i" f0fsf af/]df j0f{g ug'{xf;] \ .

l;h{gfTds sfo{

!= ‘;fdflhs d]nldnfk ;'Gb/ ;dfh’ ljifodf ;j+ fb tof/ kfg{x' f];\ .

@= ‘;fdflhs Gofo’ ljifodf Pp6f ;j+ fb tof/ ugx{' f;] \ .

gk] fnL M sIff ( 137

kf7 !% 5fqfjf;

hgtf dfWolds ljBfno
:ofk|ma' ;] L, /;'jf

ldlt M @)&@÷!÷%

!= >L cWoIfHo"
:ofkm'| ufp“kflnsf, /;j' f

ljifo M 5fqfjf; lgdf0{ f ug{] ;DaGwdf

dxfb] o,

@= hgtf dfWolds ljBfnodf o; ufp“kflnsf tyf cGo ufp“kflnsfsf ;d]t afnaflnsf
cWoog u5g{ \ . of] ljBfno :yfgLo ;db' fosf] ;be\ fj / ;xof]udf ljBfyL{dq} L jftfj/0f
l;hg{ f ug{ k|of;/t 5 . o;n} ] oxf“ clxn] ljBfno ejg, ljifout lzIfs, z}lIfs tyf
v]nsb' ;fduL| , zfr} fno, vfg] kfgL tyf k:' tsfnosf] Joj:yf /fdf| ] 5 . 3/af6 cfpg ;Dej
gxg' ] ljBfyL{sf nflu eg] ljBfnon] cfjf;sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg ;s]sf] 5}g . oL ljBfyL{x¿
ljBfnos} j/k/ 8/] f u/L a:g] u5g{ \ . lxdfnL Ifq] sf] ;fgf] a:tL ePs} sf/0f pkoS' t 8/] f kfpg
lgs} ;d:of 5 . To;df klg ko{6sLo :yn ePsfn] ljBfyLn{ ] dx“uf] 8/] f ef8f ltgk{' /s] f] 5 .

#= ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ 3/ jf 8/] fdf cWoog ug{ pkoS' t zl} Ifs jftfj/0f cfjZos xG' 5 . o;sf
cefjdf ljBfyL{nfO{ ux[ sfo{ ug{ ;d:of kg]{ / To;sf] c;/ sIffsf]7fdf x'g] lzIf0f l;sfOdf
kT| oIf ¿kn] kb5{ . kf7\ojm| dn] lgwf/{ 0f u/]sf ;Ifdtf ljBfyL{df xfl;n x'g g;Sgfsf
sf/0f of] klg xf] . 5fqfjf;sf] ;l' jwf pknAw u/fpg ;s]sf] cj:yfdf oL ;d:of ;dfwfg
x'G5g\ . ;fy} l;sfOdf kl5 k/]sf ljBfyL{ nfeflGjt;d]t xG' 5g\ . Toxf“ pgLx¿sf nflu

zAbfy{ gk] fnL M sIff (

:yfgLo M ;DalGwt 7fp“sf
;b\efj M c;n ljrf/
ljifout M ljifo ;DaGwL, ljifosf]
ko6{ sLo M ko{6s;“u ;DalGwt
kf7\oj|md M k9fpgsf nflu tfl] sPsf] ljifo / 9f“rf
lgwf/{ 0f M lg0f{o, lgZro
;Ifdtf M sfd ;DkGg ug{] u'0f
k/fdz{ M ;e' mfj, ;/;Nnfx
k/fdz{ M ;'emfj, ;/;Nnfx
gjLgtd M ;aeGbf gof“

138

;xkf7L l;sfOsf] cj;/ / ljBfnosf] k/fdz{ klg kf| Kt xG' 5 . ljBfyL{df gjLgtd 1fg
/ cfw'lgs kl| jlwoS' t l;ksf] ljsf; ug{ 5fqfjf;df kqklqsf, sDKo'6/ tyf cGo ;Gbe{
;fduL| sf] Joj:yf klg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;af6 ljBfnosf] zl} Ifs u0' f:t/ kj| wg{ ug{ 7n' f] ;xofu]
x'G5 . ctM ljBfnodf 5fqfjf; lgdf{0fsf] ljz]if cfjZostf 5 .

$= dfWolds txsf rfln; hgf ljBfyLs{ f nflu la; sf7] fsf] b'O{ tn] 5fqfjf; agfpg] ljBfnosf]
ofh] gf 5 . o;sf nflu nueu Ps s/f8] ?lkof“ nfUg] cg'dfg 5 . ljBfno;“u eg] s'g}
;|f]t 5}g, ;/sf/L cg'bfg pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;Defjgf klg sd 5 . ufp“kflnsfn]
cfk\mgf] ;|ft] tyf :yfgLo ;db' fonfO{ ;dt] kl/rfng ug{ ;s]df 5fqfjf; lgdf0{ fsf] sfo{ ;Dej
xG' 5 . ctM o;sf nflu cfjZos ko| f; u/L 5fqfjf; lgdf0{ f of]hgfnfO{ ;fys{ agfpg
ljBfno k|zf;gsf tkm{af6 xflbs{ cg'/f]w 5 .
lgj]bs
Zofds[i0f rfkfufO{+
k|wfgfWofks

zAbfy{ M ;'emfj, ;/;Nnfx
M ;aeGbf gof“
k/fdz{ M txcg;' f/ lgwfl{ /t u'0f
gjLgtd M j[l4
u0' f:t/ M wg, j:t' jf cfly{s ;xofu]
k|jw{g M ;~rfng
cgb' fg M l;4, cy{k0" f{
kl/rfng
;fy{s

cEof; 139

;'gfO
!= kf7sf] klxnf] cg'R5]b ;'gL tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eGgx' f];\ M

-s_ ljBfnon] sg' s'g s'/fsf] /fd|f] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 <
-v_ ljBfyLx{ ¿ 8/] f u/L a:g afWo xg' k' g]{ sf/0f s] xf] <
-u_ ljBfyLn{ fO{ pkoS' t lsl;dsf] 8]/f kfpg lsg ;d:of k/]sf] xfn] f <
-3_ ljBfyL{n] 8]/fsf nflu lsg dx“uf] ef8f ltg{k' /]sf] 5 <

@= kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5]b >'ltnv] g ugx'{ f;] \ .
#= kf7sf] bf];f| ] cgR' 5b] ;'Ggx' f];\ / l7s al] 7s 56' \ofpgx' f];\ M

-s_ ljBfyLs{ f nflu 3/ jf 8]/fdf klg pkoS' t z}lIfs jftfj/0f rflxG5 .
g]kfnL M sIff (

-v_ 5fqfjf;sf] Joj:yfn] l;sfOdf kl5 k/s] f ljBfyL{ nfeflGjt x'“b}gg\ .
-u_ l;sfOdf kl5 k/s] f ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ 5fqfjf;df l;Sg] cj;/ k|fKt x'G5 .
-3_ 5fqfjf;df ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ ;xkf7L l;sfOsf] cj;/ pknAw x“'b}g .
-ª_ ljBfnon] 5fqfjf;sf] lgdf{0fnfO{ ljzi] f cfjZostfsf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 .

af]nfO

!= tnsf zAb z4' ;“u pRrf/0f ugx'{ f];\ M

cWoIf, lgdf{0f, k/fdz{, ljBfno

@= kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5b] sf cfwf/df tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ eGg'xf;] \ M

-s_ slt hgf ljBfyLs{ f nflu slt sf7] fsf] 5fqfjf; agfpg] ljBfnosf] nIo 5 <
-v_ 5fqfjf; lgdf{0f ug{ ljBfnon] k|:tfj u/]sf ;|ft] s] s] x'g\ <
-u_ 5fqfjf; agfpg slt /sd nfUg] cgd' fg 5 <
-3_ kf7;“u ;DalGwt lgj]bg s;n] s;nfO{ n]v]sf x'g\ <

#= 5fqfjf;sf] dxŒjsf ljifodf vl“ bnf ts;{ lxt cfkm\ gf] efjgf sIffdf k|:t't ug'{xf];\ .
$= cfkm\ gf] ljBfnosf] ef}lts ;+/rgfsf af/]df sIffsf ;fyL;“u 5nkmn ug'x{ f];\ .
k9fO
!= kf7sf cg'R5b] kfn}kfnf] ;:j/jfrg ug{x' f;] \ .
@= kf7sf] bf;] f| ] cgR' 5b] dfg} k7g u/L Ps Ps jfSodf tnsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ lbg'xf];\ M

-s_ 5fqfjf;af6 s:tf ljBfyL{ a9L nfeflGjt xg' ;S5g\ <
-v_ s:tf] l;sfOnfO{ ;xkf7L l;sfO elgG5 <
-u_ ljBfnosf] k|fyldstfdf k/s] f] ljifo s] xf] <
-3_ 5fqfjf;df ljBfyL{nfO{ ;lhn};u“ pknAw x'g ;Sg] ;'ljwf s] s] x'g\ <

#= kf7 k9L tnsf zAb / cy{sf lardf hf8] f ldnfpg'xf;] \ M

zAb ;d"x cy{ ;d"x

ljBfno Hofb}

k|of; kf7zfnf

ljBfyL{ sf]l;;

j/k/ lglDt

nflu 5fq5fqf
lgs} otfplt

140 gk] fnL M sIff (

n]vfO

!= kf7sf cfwf/df tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ ;ª\If]kdf nV] g'xf];\ M

-s_ hgtf dfWolds ljBfnosf ef}uf]lns ljz]iftf s] x'g\ <
-v_ o; ljBfnodf ef}lts ;+/rgfsf ¿kdf s] s] s/' f pknAw 5g\ <
-u_ ljBfnon] 5fqfjf; lgdf0{ fnfO{ k|fyldstf lbgfsf sf/0fx¿ s] s] xg' \ <
-3_ 5fqfjf;n] lzIffsf] u0' f:t/ kj| wg{ df s;/L dbt u5{ <
-ª_ ljBfnon] 5fqfjf; lgdf0{ fsf nflu s;nfO{ lsg cg/' fw] u/]sf] xf] <
@= ljBfnodf vfg]kfgLsf] Joj:yf ug{ k|wfgfWofksnfO{ lgj]bg n]Vg'xf;] \ .

#= kf7nfO{ ;ª\Ifk] Ls/0f u/L Ps cgR' 5]bdf nV] gx' f;] \ .

$= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] ug'x{ f];\ M
ldlt, lgjb] s, kw| fgfWofks, ufpk“ flnsf, lgdf0{ f, ljifo

%= tnsf] lgj]bg k9/] To;sf] hjfkmdf n]Vg] kq tof/ ug'x{ f;] \ M

>Ldfg\ dxfka| Gws,
hgs lzIff ;fdu|L sG] b| lnld68] ,
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/ .

ljifo M d'b|0f ;o+ Gq tyf kl| jlw cjnf]sg uga]{ f/] .

dxf]bo,

d oxL cfbz{ dfWolds ljBfno, ;fgfl] 7dLdf sfo/{ t lzIfs x“' . o; ljBfnosf sIff gfs} f ljBfyLn{ ]
kf7o\ k:' ts 5fks] f] bZ[ o x]g{ dg u/]sf 5g\ . d cfkm} “nfO{ klg o; af/]df kf| ljlws cg'ej 5}g .
xfdf| ] efjgf;“u ;xdt eP/ ljBfnon] klg zl} Ifs e|d0f ug{ cg'dlt kb| fg u/]sf] 5 . ctM o;sf
nflu sfoj{ m| d lgwf/{ 0f u/L xfdLnfO{ cjnfs] gsf] cj;/ kb| fg ug{' xg' cg/' fw] 5 .

lgjb] s

lzjsd' f/ lg/fn} f
-gk] fnL ljifo lzIfs_
cfbz{ dfWolds ljBfno

;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/'

g]kfnL M sIff ( 141

^= tnsf] ;"rgf k9/] lgbz{] gcg';f/ ugx'{ f];\ M

afn clwsf/ ;as} f] ;/fs] f/

afnaflnsfsf] xslxtsf nflu ;b}j lj|mofzLn agf“} .
afnclwsf/ ;/+ If0fsf nflu ;xofu] / ;xsfo{ u/f“} .
afnaflnsfsf s'/f ;g' f“} / afn b'Jo{jxf/sf] cGTo u/f}“ .

gk] fn ;/sf/
dlxnf, afnaflnsf tyf ;dfhsNof0f dGqfno

-s_ afnaflnsfsf xslxtsf ;DaGwdf Ps cg'R5b] nV] gx' f];\ .
-v_ afnclwsf/sf] ;/+ If0fsf af/]df sg' } u/} ;/sf/L ;+:yfnfO{ nV] g] kq tof/ ug{x' f];\ .
-u_ afnaflnsfk|lt xg' ] bJ' oj{ xf/ cGTo ug]{ pkfox¿sf] ;r" L agfpgx' f;] \ .
&= tnsf] cg'R5b] sf cfwf/df ;fl] wPsf kZ| gsf] pQ/ n]Vgx' f;] \ M
ljBfyL{ hLjg 5fqfjf;df a9L cg'zfl;t xG' 5 . Toxf“ ljBfyLs{ f] ;do clnslt klg b'?kofu]
x“'b}g . ljBfyLx{ ¿ kf| oM laxfg kfr“ ah] g} p75\ g\ / lgTo sd{df nfU5g\ . laxfg ;fdl" xs
kf| yg{ f xG' 5 . kf| yg{ fdf ;a} ljBfyL{x¿ ;fd]n x'g'k5{ . To;kl5 ljBfyL{ cWoogdf ;fd]n
x'G5g\ . ;fe“ mdf ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ Ps 306f vN] g] cj;/ k|bfg ul/G5 . Tolt an] f pgLx¿
cfk\mgf] ?lrcg;' f/ km6' an, elnan, Aof8ldG6g cflb v]n v]N5g\ . a]n'sf klg ;a} ljBfyL{
b; ah;] Dd cWoog u5{g\ .
-s_ ljk/Ltfys{ zAb vf]Hgx' f];\ M

cgz' f;gxLg, ;b'kof]u, ;fe“ m, ;'Tg', an] s' f
-v_ jfSodf ko| fu] ugx{' f;] \ M

5fqfjf;, cgz' f;g, kf| oM, lgTo, sd{, k|fy{gf
-u_ tnsf zAbsf] cy{ nv] /] lzIfsnfO{ b]vfpgx' f;] \ M

sd,{ ;GWof, cWoog, cj;/, ?lr

142 gk] fnL M sIff (

*= tnsf zAbsf] lgdf0{ f k|lj|mof ae' m\ gx' f;] \ / ltgnfO{ ;fgx{' f];\ M

5fq ± cfjf; = 5fqfjf; b'/\ ± pkofu] = b?' kofu]
ljBf ± cfno = ljBfno ljBf ± cyL{ = ljBfyL{
cg' ± zf;g ± Ot = cg'zfl;t ;dx" ± Os = ;fdl" xs
;DaGw ± Ot = ;DalGwt ;d\ ± nUg = ;+nUg

(= ‘cg'zf;g’ zAb zf;gdf ‘cg'’ pk;u{ nfu/] ag]sf] xf,] To:t} tkfO{“ klg ‘cg'’ pk;u{ nfu]sf
cGo kfr“ cf6] f zAb n]Vgx' f];\ .

Jofs/0f

!= tnsf pbfx/0fcg';f/ To:t} cGo kf“r kf“r cf6] f zAb nV] gx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f ;'?df ‘O’ x|:j x'g] zAb
ls/f,] lgnf], lttf] cflb lardf ‘O’ x|:j xg' ] zAb
dflxnf], slnnf,] ulx/f] cflb

ka' ]{nL, d'Vof{O“, k':6\ofO“ cflb tb\ej k|Too nfu]sf tT;d zAb

bfO, efO, gflt, cflb cGTosf] ‘O’ x:| j xg' ] kl' nª\u zAb

k9fO, nv] fO, a7o\ fO“ cflb cfO, ofO“ kT| oo nflu cGTodf ‘O’ x:| j x'g] zAb
cufl8, dfly, ef]ln, cflb cGTosf] ‘O’ x|:j x'g] cJoo zAb
w'nf], a6'jf, cfn' cflb p x:| j xg' ] zAb
kfgL, sfb] fnL, ul/aL cflb zAbsf] cGTosf] O{ bL3{ x'g] zAb
efph," kmk' ", ;f;" cflb cGTosf] ‘pm’ bL3{ x'g] gftfafw] s :qLlnªu\ L zAb
cfpm, ug,{" a:g" cflb ‘pm’ bL3{ xg' ] ljWoy{s lj|mofkb

@= pbfx/0fcg';f/sf kfr“ kf“r zAb vf]h/] tflnsfdf b]vfpgx' f];\ M

pbfx/0f

;lxb, ;x/, :sn' cflb ‘;’ sf] k|of]u x'g] zAb
cfh, ca, ta cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ chGt ko| fu] x'g] cJoo zAb
a;, a;,\ a;f;] \ cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ chGt÷xnGt ko| f]u xg' ] lj|mofkb
gfd, gk] fn, c;n cflb pRrf/0f xnGt eP klg chGt xg' ] zAb
alxgL, jlsn, abdf; cflb pRrf/0fcg';f/ g} ‘a’ jf ‘j’ nl] vg] zAb
;+jfb, ;o+ f]u, ;+nUg cflb o, /, n, j k"j{ lz/laGb' ko| f]u x'g] zAb
rªu\ f, dfG5], rDrf, pRrf/0fcg;' f/ g} ª,\ g\ jf d\ nl] vg] zAb

gk] fnL M sIff ( 143

#= ‘s’ ;d"x / ‘v’ ;d"xsf lardf hf]8f ldnfpg'xf];\ M

s ;dx" v ;dx"
?vaf6 k|Too h:t} Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] zAbfz+
klZrdk6l\ 6 Pp6} l8sfdf nl] vg] cfkl/jlt{t låTj zAb
cfdfafa' Pp6} l8sfd] f nl] vg] cs/0f afw] s ‘g’
gf6ssf/ dWojtL{ gfd hf8] ]/ n]lvg] b'O{ lnlksf] xnGt gfd
eft;ft Pp6} l8sfdf nl] vg] ljelSt
gk9]sL Pp6} l8sfdf n]lvg] gfdof]uL zAb
u/uxgf Pp6} l8sf]df nl] vg] k"0f{ låTj zAb
uNofd{ un' '{d Pp6} l8sfdf nl] vg] bO' { bO' { lnlkn] ags] f ;d:t zAb
/fdsi[ 0f Pp6} l8sfdf nl] vg] cfl+ zs låTj zAb

$= pbfx/0fcg';f/sf tLg tLg cf6] f zAbx¿ n]Vg'xf];\ M

-s_ cg,' lg;,\ lg/, b;' ,\ b/' ,\ lj, lg, clw, clt, cle, ;,' kl| t, kl/, pk pk;ud{ f ‘O’ ‘p’ x:| j 5 .
h:t} M cg'jfb, lgZro, lg/fxf/, b':;fx;, b'u{d, ljxf/, lgod, clwsf/,
cltzo, cleefjs, ;'ud, kl| tsf/, kl/efiff, pkxf/

-v_ ‘Os, Osf, Ot, Od, Odf, Oi7, ps’ oL tT;d kT| oodf ‘O’ ‘p’ x:| j 5g\ .
h:t} M cfly{s, uflosf, kl08t, clud| , dlxdf, jl/i7, hfu?s

-u_ ‘Oo{ , O{g, cgLo, jL, O’{ oL tT;d kT| oodf ‘O{’ bL3{ 5 .
h:t} M ejbLo, u|fdL0f, cfb/0fLo, th] :jL, ljb|fx] L, u'0fL

-3_ tnsf k'lnª\u zAbsf] cGTosf ‘O’ ‘p’ x:| j / :qLlnªu\ L zAbsf] cGTosf ‘O’{ ‘pm’ bL3{
5g\ .

h:t} M xl/, efg,' ;fw,' Clif, u'?, b]jL, eujtL, nIdL, es[ 6' L, aw"

-ª_ C, `, 0f, z, if, If, 1 j0fx{ ¿ -si[ 0f, ;~ho, u08sL, z:q, cfsif0{ f, kIf, 1fg cflb_
tT;d zAbdf dfq ko| f]u xG' 5g\ .

%= j0fl{ jGof; ;DaGwL tnsf q'l6x¿ ;Rofpg'xf;] \ M

-s_ laBfyL{ sf] kd| v" pbw\ :] o l;Iff cfhg{ u/g' xf] . ozsf nflu kf7o\ k:' ts sf ;fy} cGo ;Dwa{
uG| y kgL k9g\ k' 5{ . ;5d AolSt jGg laBflyn{ fO ;dfhsf] Pyfy{ Uofg klg rfOG5 .

144 gk] fnL M sIff (

-v_ gk] fnsf ax' ;ª\Vos AolStx¿ k/Dk/f cg;' f/ cf cfkm\ gf] wd{ dfG5g\ . cltYo zTsf/
kgL Ps lsl;dsf] wd{ xf] . of] ;a}sf] nflu plts} dxŒjk"0f{ 5 . o;sf] dxLdf cOn]
dfq xfO] g kOn] klg lyof] / cj kIfL;Dd kgL /xg5] . ;fh“ df cfPsf kfpgf b]ptf
;/c dfGo xG' 5g\ . cltyLsf] oyfl] rt zTsf/ ug{' dfgljo u0' f kgL xf] .

^= ;/n ¿k / To;af6 ag]sf ltos{ ¿ksf lardf hf8] f ldnfpgx' f;] \ M

;/n ¿k lto{s ¿k

k;} f] o;
ufg' p;
of] d“}
pm t}“
d k;} f
t“ ufgf

&= tnsf ;/n ¿knfO{ ltos{ ¿kdf abNgx' f;] \ M
sf,] s]6f,] la/fnf,] b'nf,] ;fe] mf]

*= ;/n / lto{s sf/ssf cfwf/df tnsf jfSox¿ ;Rofpgx' f;] \ M

-s_ d]/f] 5f/] fn] ] ckfªu\ tf ePsf] ;fyLnfO{ ;xofu] u5{ .
-v_ pn] cfh w/] } r/fx] ¿ df¥of] .
-u_ psf] cf“vfd] f /fd|f] b[li6 zlSt 5 .
-3_ of] dfG5n] ] Tof] /l] 8of /fd|/L x¥] of] .

(= tnsf pbfx/0fsf cfwf/df To; lsl;dsf cGo jfSox¿ /rgf ug{] cEof; ugx'{ f;] \ M
-s_ ;fdfGofy{s jfSo

xh'/cfdf syf ;g' fpg'xG' 5 .
vt] fnfn] cfh dn] f] ;sg] g\ .
ltdf| sIffdf slt 5fq5fqf 5g\ <

-v_ ljWoys{ jfSo

cf1fy{s jfSo OR5fy{s jfSo

t“ uf]7 hf . ltdf| ] /f]u lgsf] xf;] \ .
ltdL 3/d} a; . OZ{ j/n] xfdf| ] sNof0f u¿g\ .
tkfO“{ ufO{ b'xg' 'xf;] \ . ca xfdL 3/ hfcf}“ .
g]kfnL M sIff (
145