cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf]
kf7\ojm| d
@)&^
gk] fn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno
kf7o\ j|md ljsf; s]Gb|
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk'/
ks| fzs M g]kfn ;/sf/
lzIff, lj1fg tyf kl| jlw dGqfno
kf7\oj|md ljsf; sG] b|
;fgfl] 7dL, eStk/'
© ;jfl{ wsf/ M kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb|
lj=;+= @)&^
d'b|0f M k|1f cfw'lgs 5fkfvfgf
gk] fn k|1f–k|lti7fg, sdnfbL, sf7df8fF}
k|fSsyg
ljBfno txsf] lzIffnfO{ a9L p2Z] odn" s, Jofjxfl/s, ;d;fdlos Pjd\ ;fGbles{ agfpg] clek|fon] kf7\ojm| d kl/dfhg{ sf] sfo{
k|f/De ul/Psf] xf] . o;} ;Gbed{ f lzIfs, cleefjs, ljBfyL{ tyf lj1x¿af6 k|fKt /fo ;'emfjÙ 1fg, lj1fg tyf k|ljlwdf ePsf]
ljsf; tyf kl/j{tg / :yfgLo cfjZostf tyf ljZjJofkL ;Gbel{ ar ;Gt'ngsf] cfjZostfnfO{ ;dt] bl[ i6ut u/L ljBfno tx
sIff !–# sf nflu @)$( df ljsf; u/L nfu" ul/Psf] kf7o\ jm| ddf ;d;fdlos kl/dfhg{ ;lxt sfof{Gjog e/x]sf] k|fylds lzIff
kf7oj|md @)^@ nfO{ kl/dfhg{ sf] ug'{ cfjZos b]lvPsfn] cfwf/et" txcGtu{t sIff !–# sf] of] kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .
;ª3\ Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq gk] fnsf nflu ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oj|mdsf ljsf;sf nflu /fli6o« kf7o\ j|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ n]
lglb{i6 u/s] f l;4fGt tyf :j¿kdf cfwfl/t eO{ plNnlvt ;Gbe{x¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfgL ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ug{]
jm| ddf cfwf/e"t tx sIff !–# sf] kf7o\ jm| d @)&^ ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . ljZjdf ePsf gjLgtd z}lIfs kl/jt{g Pjd\ g]kfnsf]
jtd{ fg ;Gbe{ / :yfgLo cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L afnaflnsfsf] ;jf{ªu\ L0f ljsf;df ;xofu] k'¥ofpg,] ;fdflhs Gofo kj| w{g
ug{] / /fi6« lgdf0{ fsf nflu ;Ifd tyf kl| t:kwL{ gful/s ljsf; ug{] nIo;lxt /fli6«o kf7o\ j|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] tof/ u/]sf]
ljBfno lzIffsf] dfu{lrqdf cfwfl/t eO{ of] kf7\oj|md ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .
kf7o\ jm| ddf ;dfjz] ul/Psf ljleGg ljifonfO{ cGt/;DalGwt u/L hLjg;fk]If agfpg] u/L l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof ;~rfng
ug]{ p2Z] on] of] kf7o\ j|md PsLs[t 9fFrfdf ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 . cGt/fl{ i6«o cEof; / gk] fnsf] cge' j, gk] fnsf] lzIf0f l;sfOsf]
cEof;, lzIfs pknAwtf / tof/L, k;] fut ljsf;nufotsf ;Gbe{sf] ljZni] f0f u/L ;fdflhs cWoog, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf ljifonfO{ cGt/ljifos 9frF fsf] kf7\oj|mdsf ¿kdf xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] ljifoIfq] df
PsLs/0f ul/Psf] 5 eg] kf7o\ jm| dsf] ;du| ;+/rgfdf xfdf| ] ;/] fk] m]/f], ul0ft, g]kfnL efiff, cª\uh]| L efiff ljifoIfq] ;dfj]z u/L
ax'ljifos 9fFrfsf] PsLst[ kf7o\ jm| d tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L sIff !–# sf ljBfyLs{ f nflu cfjZos xg' ] Jojxf/sz' n
l;kx¿nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;a} ljifoIf]q / sIffdf PsLst[ ul/Psf] 5 . sIff !–# df ;dfjz] ul/Psf] dfte[ fiff/:yfgLo
ljifosf] kf7o\ jm| d 5gf6] tyf ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug{] bfloTj ;DalGwt :yfgLo txsf] xg' ] 5 .
lzIfs, ljzi] f1 tyf lj1x¿sf] ;xeflutfdf ;~rfng ul/Psf ljleGg sfo{zfnfsf dfWodaf6 ljsf; ul/Psf] d:ofb} fdf ljleGg
ljifo ;ldltx¿af6 kf| Kt ;e' mfjx¿nfO{ ;d]t cfwf/ dfgL k/LIf0fsf nflu lj= ;=+ @)&% df tof/ ul/Psf] sIff !–# sf] PsLs[t
9frF fsf] of] kf7o\ j|md zl} Ifs jif{ @)&^ df sIff ! df k/LIf0f u/L ;f] k/LIf0faf6 kf| Kt ki[ 7kf]if0f;dt] nfO{ cfwf/ dfg/]
kl/dflht{ :j¿kdf tof/ u/L gk] fnsf ;DalGwt ;a} ljBfnodf z}lIfs jif{ @)&& bl] v sIff ! af6 sfof{Gjog k|f/De x'g] u/L
/fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf dN" ofªs\ g kl/ifba\ f6 :jLs[t ePsf] xf] . o;df kf7o\ j|md kl/dfh{gsf] ;Gbe{ tyf cfl} rTo, kf7\oj|md
ljsf; tyf kl/dfhg{ kl| jm| of, kf7o\ jm| d ljsf;df cjnDag ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿ / PsLs[t 9fFrfsf] kf7\oj|md lgdf{0f kl| j|mof
pNnv] ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L o; kf7o\ jm| ddf lzIffsf /fli6o« p2]Zo, ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;+/rgf, ljBfno lzIffsf]
kf7o\ j|md ;/+ rgf, cfwf/et" lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf -sIff !–#_, cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] ljifout kf7o\ j|md, PsLst[
kf7o\ j|mddf ;dfj]z ul/g] Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿ / PsLst[ kf7\ojm| dsf] ;du| ;+/rgf ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . o;df l;sfO
;xhLs/0f ljlw tyf kl| jm| of, ljBfyL{ dN" ofª\sg, dfWod efiffsf] 5gf]6, kf7\ojm| d sfofG{ jog ofh] gf / kf7\ojm| d dN" ofª\sg,
kl/dfhg{ tyf ;'wf/sf] kl| j|mof;d]t ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
of] kf7o\ j|md tof/ ug]{ j|mddf dxŒjk"0f{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xg' ] gLlt lgdft{ f, lj1 tyf ljz]if1, lzIffljb,\ k|fWofks, lzIfs, ljBfyL{
Pjd\ ;DalGwt ;/fs] f/jfnfx¿k|lt kf7\ojm| d ljsf; sG] b| xflbs{ s[t1tf JoSt ub{5 . of] kf7\oj|mdsf] sfof{GjognfO{ ke| fjsf/L
agfO{ afnaflnsfnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo lzIffsf] cj;/ ;'lglZrt ug]{ sfo{df ;Da4 ;aa} f6 ;lj|mo of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 .
ljBfno lzIffsf] of] kf7o\ j|md ultzLn b:tfjh] ePsfn] o;df ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{g ub}{ cem k|efjsf/L agfpgsf nflu of] sG] bn| ]
kf7\oj|md ko| fu] stfn{ ufot ;DalGwt ;aa} f6 lg/Gt/ /rgfTds ;'emfj k|fKt x'g] ckI] ff u/s] f] 5 .
lj=;=+ @)&^, df3
kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; sG] b|
ljifo ;r" L kh]
!
jm| =;= ljifoj:t' !
1. kl/ro @
2. kf7o\ jm| d kl/dfhg{ sf] ;Gbe{ tyf cfl} rTo #
3. kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g kl| jm| of #
4. kf7o\ jm| d ljsf;df cjnDag ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿ $
5. PsLs[t 9frF fsf] kf7\ojm| d lgdf{0f
6. ljBfno lzIffsf] /fli6o« p2]Zo $
7. ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;/+ rgf
8. ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf $
9. cfwf/et" lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf &
10. cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] ljifout kf7\oj|md (
11. PsLst[ kf7\ojm| ddf Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿ #!
12. kf7\ojm| dsf] PsLst[ :j¿k #%
13. PsLst[ kf7\oj|md sfo{Gjogsf nflu lzIf0f l;sfO ofh] gf lgdf0{ f *^
14. l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ljlw tyf kl| j|mof *^
15. ljBfyL{ dN" ofª\sg *(
16. lzIf0f l;sfOsf nflu dfWod efiffsf] 5gf]6 (@
17. kf7o\ j|md sfof{Gjog ofh] gf (#
18. kf7o\ j|md dN" ofª\sg, kl/dfh{g / ;w' f/ ($
(%
cg';"rLx¿
!= kl/ro
/fi6s« f] lzIff gLlt tyf /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d k|f¿kn] dful{ gb]z{ u/]sf] lzIffsf] nIo tyf k|lj|mofcg¿' k lzIff k4lt ;~rfngsf] dn" cfwf/sf ¿kdf
kf7\oj|md /xs] f] x'G5 . ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oj|mdn] lglZrt sIff jf txsf] cWoog k"/f u/k] l5 ljBfyL{x¿n] xfl;n ug]{ ;Ifdtf / tL ;Ifdtf
xfl;n ug{sf nflu ljifout ¿kdf kf| Kt ugk{' g]{ l;sfO pknlAw lgwf{/0f ub5{ . kf7o\ j|mdn] ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu l;sfO ljlw
tyf kl| j|mofsf] k|ofu] / ljBfyL{df ck]lIft l;sfO pknlAwx¿ k|flKtsf] ;l' glZrttfnfO{ dfub{ zg{ ub5{ . oxL cjwf/0ffcg;' f/ o; kf7\ojm| ddf
l;sf?n] xfl;n ug'{kg{] ;Ifdtf tyf l;sfO pknlAw / tL ;Ifdtf tyf l;sfO pknlAw k|flKtsf nflu cfjZos ljifoj:tn' ufot l;sfO
;xhLs/0f k|ljm| of / ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cfjZos lgbz{] g;lxtsf] l;sfO ofh] gfsf ¿kdf afnaflnsfsf] l;sfOnfO{ dfu{bzg{ ug{
cfjZos kg{] tŒjx¿ ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7o\ jm| ddf ljBfyL{sf k"j{ l;sfO cge' j, p;sf] kl/j]z tyf k[i7e"ld, ?lr / Ifdtf;lxt
jt{dfgsf] cfjZostf cfsng u/L pgLx¿n] xfl;n ug'{kg]{ 1fg, l;k, clej[lQ;lxtsf ;Ifdtfx¿ ;dl] 6Psf] 5 . o;df kf7o\ jm| d sfof{Gjog
ofh] gf tyf kf7o\ jm| d sfofG{ jogsf] dN" ofª\sg u/L ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ tyf kl/dfh{gsf nflu dfu{lgb]{z ul/Psf] 5 .
cfwf/e"t txcGtut{ sIff !–# sf nflu ljsf; ul/Psf] kf7o\ j|md /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; tyf dN" ofª\sg kl/ifbn\ ] k/LIf0fsf nflu :jLs[t
u/c] g;' f/ z}lIfs jif{ @)&^ df sIff Psdf k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] . /fli6«o kf7o\ j|md k|f¿k, @)&^ n] lglbi{ 6 u/]sf l;4fGt tyf cfwf/nfO{
ljrf/ u/L k/LIf0faf6 k|fKt ePsf ki[ 7kf]if0f;dt] sf cfwf/df cfjZos ;w' f/;lxt tof/ ul/Psf] PsLst[ 9frF fsf] of] kf7o\ j|md z}lIfs jif{ @)&&
af6 gk] fnsf ;DalGwt ;a} ljBfnox¿df sfof{Gjog ug{] u/L /fli6o« kf7o\ j|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\n] ldlt @)&^ df3 @ df :jLst[
u/s] f] xf] . cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^ sf] o; b:tfj]hdf kf7\ojm| d kl/dfh{gsf] ;Gbe{ tyf cf}lrTo, kf7o\ j|md ljsf; tyf
kl/dfh{g k|lj|mof, kf7o\ j|md ljsf;df cjnDag ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿ tyf PsLs[t 9frF fsf] kf7\oj|md lgdf0{ f k|ljm| of pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L
o; kf7o\ j|mddf lzIffsf /fli6«o p2]Zo, ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;/+ rgf, ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf, cfwf/e"t lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf
-sIff !–#_, cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf ljifout kf7o\ j|md, PsLst[ kf7\oj|mddf ;dfj]z ul/g] Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿ / PsLs[t kf7\oj|mdsf]
;du| ;+/rgf ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . o;df l;sfO ;xhLs/0f ljlw tyf kl| jm| of, ljBfyL{ d"Nofªs\ g, dfWod efiffsf] 5gf]6, kf7o\ j|md sfofG{ jog
ofh] gf tyf kf7o\ j|md dN" ofª\sg, kl/dfh{g / ;'wf/sf] kl| jm| of klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
@= kf7o\ j|md kl/dfh{gsf] ;Gbe{ / cf}lrTo
kf7\oj|mdsf] ljsf;, kl/dfhg{ tyf cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ rln/xg] kl| j|mof xf] . cWoog cg';Gwfgsf glthfx¿, ljBfyL{, lzIfs tyf
cleefjsx¿, ljleGg ;ª\3;+:yf / k];f;uF cfa4 ;ª\3 ;ª\u7g, /fhgLltsdL{, ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ dfWod / gful/s ;dfhaf6 kf7\ojm| dnfO{
;fGble{s agfpg ;sf/fTds ;Nnfx tyf ;e' mfj k|fKt x'Fb} cfPsf 5g\ . To;} u/L 1fgsf] lj:tf/ tyf l;hg{ f, kl| jlwdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g,
/fhgLlts, ;fdflhs tyf cfly{s Ifq] df cfPsf] kl/jt{g, ljBfyL{x¿df ljsl;t xg' 'kg]{ l;kx¿nufot cfhsf] k|lt:kwf{Tds ljZjsf]
cfjZostfnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ kf7\oj|mddf ;dofgs' "n kl/dfh{g ug{' cfjZos 5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ b[li6ut u/L ljBfno txsf nflu /fli6«o
kf7\oj|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ tof/ ePsf] 5 . /fli6«o kf7\ojm| d k|f¿kn] l;sfOnfO{ hLjgfk] of]uL / ;do;fk]If agfpg kf7\ojm| d kl/dfhg{ sf]
cfjZostf cfN}F ofPsf] ;Gbe{df cfwf/e"t txcGtut{ sIff !–# sf nflu of] kf7\oj|md tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . g]kfndf ljBfno txsf] kf7\oj|md
kl/dfhg{ o;¿kdf ug{s' f cfl} rTo lgDgcg;' f/ 5g\ M
-s_ nfdf] ;dob]lv ;fdfGo cBfjlws uga{] fxs] kf7o\ jm| dsf l;4fGt, dfGotf, :j¿knufot lzIffsf p2Z] o;dt] nfO{ k'g/jnfs] g u/L kf7\oj|md
kl/dfhg{ gePsf] ;Gbed{ f ;fdlos ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ug{
-v_ g]kfnsf] nfs] tflGqs ;ª\3Lo u0ftGqn] nlIft u/]sf] ljsf;, ;dtf, :jtGqtf / :jfledfgsf] clej[l4df ;xof]u k'¥ofO{ lhDdj] f/ / ;bfrf/L
gful/s tof/ ug{
-u_ 1fg, lj1fg tyf kl| jlwdf ePsf] ljsf; / lj:tf/n] l;h{gf u/s] f cj;/ tyf rg' f}tLx¿;fkI] f ljZjJofkLs/0fsf] dfu / :yfgLo ;Gbes{ f]
;Gtn' g;lxt :yfgLo cfjZostfsf] ;Daf]wg ug{
-3_ Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿nfO{ l;sfO kl| j|mofdf PsLst[ u/L kf7o\ j|mddf tL l;kx¿;Fu ;DalGwt ;Ifdtfx¿ pNn]v u/L l;sfOnfO{ hLjg;fkI] f
agfpg
-ª_ ljleGg ljifosf] l;sfOnfO{ cGt/;DalGwt u/L l;sfOnfO{ a9L ;fGbles{ / ?lrs/ agfpgsf nflu PsLst[ ;/+ rgfsf] kf7\oj|md sfof{Gjog
ug{
-r_ l;sfOsf gjLgtd l;4fGt, ljlw tyf k|lj|mofx¿ k|ofu] u/L l;sfOnfO{ afns]lGb|t agfO{ afnaflnsfsf] /rgfTds Ifdtf ljsf; ug{
-5_ ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sgnfO{ l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|ljm| ofsf] cleGg cªu\ sf ¿kdf ljsf; u/L kT| os] ljBfyLs{ f] Go"gtd l;sfO ;l' glZrt x'g] u/L
l;sfO:t/ j[l4sf nflu ;xof]u k¥' ofpg
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 1
#= kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; tyf kl/dfh{g k|lj|mof
ljleGg cWoog cg';Gwfgx¿sf ;Da4 ;e' mfj, 1fg, lj1fg tyf kl| jlwdf ePsf] ljsf; tyf kl/jt{ g / ;dfhsf] cfjZostf tyf ckI] ffsf]
ljZn]if0f;dt] sf cfwf/df o; kf7\oj|mdsf] ljsf; k|f/De ul/Psf] lyof] . o; j|mddf /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] lglb{i6 u/s] f dfGotf tyf
l;4fGtx¿nfO{ cfTd;ft ul/Psf] 5 . cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] of] kf7o\ j|md ljsf;df lgDglnlvt k|lj|mof cjnDag ul/Psf] lyof] M
-s_ /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] ljBfno txsf] kf7\oj|md kl/dfh{gsf] cfjZostf bv] fPsf] ;Gbe{df pSt kf| ¿kn] k|:tt' u/]sf]
kf7\oj|mdsf] ;/+ rgf tyf cfwf/e"t l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eO{ kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gb|sf ;DalGwt ljifo ;ldlt tyf ljifout zfvfx¿n] kf| Kt ;e' mfj tyf cfgf] cWoog tyf cg'ejdf cfwfl/t eO{
kf7o\ jm| d ;w' f/sf nflu klxrfg u/]sf kIf tyf Ifq] x¿nfO{ ;dt] cfwf/ dflgPsf] lyof] .
-u_ :ynut cWoog, lzIfs, ljBfyL,{ cleefjs tyf cGo ;/fs] f/jfnfx¿af6 kf| Kt / cGo ljleGg dfWodaf6 kf7\ojm| d ljsf; s]Gb|nfO{ kf| Kt
ePsf /fo;'emfjnfO{ ;dt] ljZn]if0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
-3_ ;DalGwt ljifo ;ldlt, lzIfs tyf ljzi] f1x¿sf] ;n+ Ugtfdf ljleGg ljifoIf]qdf ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ugk{' g]{ txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout
l;sfOsf Ifq] / l;sfO pknlAwsf] k|f/lDes d:ofb} f tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
-ª_ txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf If]q / l;sfO pknlAwsf] k|f/lDes d:of}bfnfO{ lzIfs, ljifo lj1 tyf ljleGg lj1x¿ ;lDdlnt
sfoz{ fnfdf k:| t't u/L g]kfn tyf sx] L cGo dn' s' sf] cEof;sf] ;dLIff / ;dfhsf ckI] ff tyf ljBfyL{sf cfjZostfx¿sf] ljZn]if0f;dt] sf
cfwf/df txut ;Ifdtf / ljifout l;sfO pknlAwdf cfjZos kl/dfhg{ ;lxt txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf Ifq] / l;sfO
pknlAwsf] kl/dflht{ d:ofb} f tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
-r_ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gbn| ] PsLst[ kf7o\ jm| dsf] cjwf/0f tyf :j¿ksf ;DaGwdf ;Da4 lj1x¿lar ljleGg uf]i7L, a}7s tyf sfo{zfnfsf
dfWodaf6 5nkmn k|f/De ugs{' f ;fy} sIff !–# sf] txut ;Ifdtf tyf ljifout l;sfOsf Ifq] / l;sfO pknlAwsf] d:of}bf;lxt lzIfs,
ljifolj1x¿ tyf kf7o\ jm| d lj1x¿ ;lDdlnt sfoz{ fnfdf PsLst[ kf7o\ jm| dsf] ljsf; kl| j|mofsf ;DaGwdf 5nkmn ugs'{ f ;fy} PsLst[
kf7\oj|mdsf] cjwf/0ff tyf :j¿ksf af/]df :ki6tf sfod u/L /fli6«o:t/df Ifdtf clej[l4 ul/Psf] lyof] .
-5_ kf7\ojm| d ljsf; sG] b|n] sIff !–# sf] kf7o\ j|mdsf] ljsf; tyf kf7\oj|md PsLs/0f ;DaGwdf ePsf o;cl3sf kf| /lDes sfo{sf]
;dLIff;lxt ;DalGwt lj1;uF sf] 5nkmn, PsLst[ kf7\ojm| d;Fu ;DalGwt l;4fGt, :j¿k tyf cGt/f{li6«o cEof;sf] cWoog;d]t u//]
PsLst[ kf7\oj|md lgdf0{ fsf] dful{ rq tyf sfoo{ f]hgfsf] d:of}bf tof/ u/L ljleGg lj1x¿, lzIfs tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿lar 5nkmn
tyf cGt/ljm| of u/s] f] lyof] . 5nkmn tyf cGt/ljm| ofaf6 dfu{lrq tyf sfo{ofh] gfsf] d:of}bfdf kl/dfhg{ u/L ;f] cjwf/0ff tyf
dfu{lrqnfO{ clGtd ¿k kb| fg u/L ;fx] L cfwf/df kf7o\ j|md d:of}bf tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] .
-h_ lzIfs, ljifolj1 tyf ljzi] f1x¿sf] sfo{zfnfn] ljifout ;Ifdtf, l;sfO pknlAw tyf ljifoj:ts' f] d:ofb} f tof/ u/s] f] lyof] .
-em_ d:ofb} f ul/Psf ljifout ;Ifdtf, l;sfOsf If]q, l;sfO pknlAw tyf ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df PsLs[t kf7\oj|mdsf] lgwfl{ /t 9frF fcg';f/
;jk{ y| d ;fdflhs cWoog, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, l;h{gfTds snf / :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIffnfO{ xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] ljifoIf]qsf ¿kdf
ljleGg cGt/ljifos ljifoIf]qdf PsLst[ ul/Psf] kf7\oj|md d:ofb} f tof/ ul/of] . To;} u/L xfd|f] ;]/fk] m/] fd] f lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf
ljifoIfq] x¿df ;dfj]z x'g] u/L ul0ft, g]kfnL / cªu\ |]hL ljifosf s]xL axl' jifos ljifoIf]qx¿ lgwf{/0f ul/of] eg] oL ljifoIf]qx¿eGbf
aflx/ /fVg pko'St xg' ] l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ ;DalGwt cnUu} ljifoIf]q jf Ifq] df ;dfjz] ul/Psf] lyof] .
-`_ PsLs[t kf7\oj|md ljsf;sf] dful{ rqcg';f/sf] 9frF fdf kf7\ojm| dsf] d:of}bf tof/ ug{ lzIfs, ljifo ljzi] f1 tyf kf7o\ j|md lj1x¿sf]
;xeflutfdf sfo{zfnf cfofh] gf u/L l;sfO pknlAw tyf ljifoj:t' / cGt/ljifos, axl' jifos tyf ljifout ljifoIfq] x¿nfO{ kg' /jnfs] g
u/L clGtd ¿k lbg'sf ;fy} PsLst[ 9fFrfsf] kf7o\ jm| dsf dV' o cªu\ x¿sf] d:ofb} f tof/ ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] d:of}bfnfO{ cfjZos ;Dkfbg
tyf kl/dfh{g u/L lj1x¿sf] ;d"xn] kl/dflh{t d:ofb} f tof/ u/]sf] lyof] .
-6_ kf7\oj|mdsf] ljifout d:ofb} f tyf PsLs[t :j¿knfO{ lzIfs sfo{zfnfaf6 k|fKt ;e' mfjnfO{ ;d]t ;dfjz] u/L ljifo ;ldltx¿sf 5'6\6f56' 6\ }
tyf ;+o'St a}7saf6 clGtd ¿k lbOPsf] lyof] .
-7_ ljifo ;ldltn] l;kmfl/; u/s] f] kf7\oj|mdsf] d:ofb} fnfO{ If]q / jm| dnufotsf kIfx¿ k'g/jnfs] g u/L ;dGjo tyf ;Dkfbg ;ldltn]
:jLs[ltsf nflu /fli6«o kf7o\ j|md ljsf; tyf dN" ofª\sg kl/ifb\df k;] ug{ u/s] f] l;kmfl/;sf cfwf/df kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gbn| ] :jLs[ltsf
nflu /fli6«o kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf d"Nofª\sg kl/ifb\df k]; u/]sf] lyof] .
-8_ of] kf7o\ jm| d /fli6o« kf7\oj|md ljsf; tyf dN" ofª\sg kl/ifbs\ f] ldlt @)&%÷!@÷@@ sf] lg0fo{ cg';f/ k/LIf0fsf nflu :jLs[t eO{ z}lIfs
;q @)&^ df sIff ! df k/LIf0f ul/Psf] lyof] .
-9_ /fli6«o kf7o\ j|md k|f¿k, @)&^ sf l;4fGt tyf cfwf/nfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ k/LIf0fsf jm| ddf k|fKt ki[ 7kfi] f0f;dt] sf cfwf/df lzIfs tyf
lj1x¿sf] sfoz{ fnf cfof]hgf u/L k/LIf0fsf nflu tof/ ul/Psf] kf7\ojm| ddf cfjZos kl/dfh{g u/L kl/dflht{ d:ofb} f tof/ ul/Psf]
lyof] .
2 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
-`_ kl/dflh{t d:ofb} fnfO{ ljifo ;ldltn] cfjZos ;Dkfbg;lxt :jLs[ltsf nflu l;kmfl/; u/]cg';f/ ;dGjo tyf ;Dkfbg ;ldltsf]
k'g/jnf]sgkZrft\ kf7\oj|md ljsf; s]Gbn| ] :jLs[ltsf nflu /fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; tyf d"Nofªs\ g kl/ifb\df k]; u/]sfdf kl/ifbn\ ] @)&^
df3 @ df :jLs[t u/c] g';f/ of] kf7\oj|md zl} Ifs jif{ @)&& af6 g]kfnsf ;a} ljBfnodf sfof{Gjog x'g] 5 .
$= kf7\ojm| d ljsf;df cjnDag ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿
;jfª{ u\ L0f afnljsf;sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ ljrf/ u/L afns]lGb|t l;sfO l;4fGtdf cfwfl/t eO{ ljsf; ul/Psf] of] kf7\oj|mdn] d"ntM /fli6«o
kf7\ojm| d k|f¿k, @)&^ df pNn]v ul/Psf l;4fGtx¿nfO{ g]} kf7o\ j|md ljsf;sf l;4fGtsf ¿kdf lnPsf] 5 . cGt/ljifos tyf ax'ljifos
ljifoIfq] df cfwfl/t eO{ PsLst[ l;4fGtcg';f/ kf7o\ j|mdsf] ;/+ rgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 eg] hLjgf]kof]uL tyf Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿;dt] PsLst[
ul/Psf] 5 . of] kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; ubf{ gk] fnsf ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts tyf eflifsnufotsf ljljwtfnfO{ ;dfjz] ul/gs' f ;fy} :yfgLo
cfjZostfdf cfwfl/t 9frF f cjnDag ul/Psf] 5 . o; kf7o\ j|mddf gk] fnL dN" o / dfGotf tyf k"jL{o 1fgsf] k|ltlglwTjsf ;fy} ljBfyL{sf]
;xeflutf, sfo{ tyf vfh] nfO{ hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . kf7\ojm| dnfO{ ;Ifdtfdf cfwfl/t agfpg sIff !–# sf txut tyf ljifout ;Ifdtfx¿ klxrfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
%= PsLs[t 9fFrfsf] kf7\oj|md ljsf;
cnu cnu ljifox¿ cfcfg} tl/sfn] lzIf0f ug{] u/L lgdf{0f ul/Psf] ljifout kf7o\ jm| dn] ljleGg ljifonfO{ cGt/;DalGwt ug]{ / l;sfOnfO{
bl} gs hLjg;fk]If agfO{ ;fGbles{ agfpg] sfod{ f ck]lIft of]ubfg ug{ g;ss] f] dx;'; u/L kf7\oj|mdsf] j}slNks 9fFrfsf] vf]hLs} j|mddf lj1 tyf
cg';Gwfgstfx{ ¿n] PsLst[ kf7\oj|mdsf ljleGg 9frF fx¿ l;kmfl/; u/s] f 5g\ . sltok ljifoIf]qdf dflyNnf] txdf klg PsLst[ kf7o\ j|mdsf]
ko| fu] eP klg ljBfno txsf k|f/lDes r/0fx¿df eg] PsLst[ 9frF fsf] kf7\oj|mdsf] k|ofu] df Jofkstf cfPsf] 5 . PsLs[t kf7\ojm| d ljleGg
:j¿ksf x'g] eP klg ;du|df PsLst[ kf7o\ j|mdn] ljleGg ljifonfO{ cGt/;DalGwt u//] hLjg;fkI] f xg' ] u/L l;sfO ;~rfng ug{] eGg]
ae' mfpF5 . ljleGg ljifosf 1fg / l;knfO{ sg' } ;d:ofdf jf ljifoIfq] df s]lGbt| ugb{] l] v lnP/ s'g} d2' f jf ;d:ofdf s]lGb|t eO{ ljifoj:ts' f] s'g}
;Ldf lgwf{/0f gu/L ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu cfjZos 1fg tyf l;k k|fKt xg' ] u/L lzIf0f l;sfO ;~rfng ug{] PsLs[t kf7o\ j|mdsf 9fFrfx¿
/x]sf 5g\ . kf7\ojm| dn] ckI] ff u/]cg';f/sf] l;sfO pknlAw -1fg / l;k_ nfO{ jf:tljs hLjgdf ¿kfGt/0f ug{sf nflu PsLst[ 9frF fsf]
kf7o\ j|md / tbg'sn" sf] lzIf0f l;sfO ;xofu] L x'G5 . gk] fndf PsLs[t kf7\oj|md ;DaGwdf ljutdf s]xL cEof; ePsf klg 5g\ . gk] fnsf
o;;DaGwL cEof;x¿ lgDgcg;' f/ /xs] f 5g\ M
-s_ kf7o\ jm| d PsLst[ gePsf] t/ cGt/ljifout ;dfof]hg u/L lgDgdfWolds txsf] gk] fnL / ;fdflhs ljifodf lj=;=+ @)$@÷)$# / sIff
!–# sf] d]/f] ;]/f]km]/f] ljifosf ¿kdf lj=;=+ @)%) df kf7\ok':ts ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ul/Psf] lyof] t/ of] kf7\ok':ts sx] L jif{ k|of]u
ul/P klg o;nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbOPg .
-v_ sx] L ljifo / sIffdf cGt/ljifout ljifoIfq] PsLs/0f ul/P klg l;sfO ;fdu|L ljsf; ubf{ PsLs[t l;4fGt cjnDag geO{ ljifoIf]qut
kf7\o;fdu|L cnu cnu ¿kdf /flvPsf] 5 . h:t} M ;fdflhs cWoog / hg;ª\Vof lzIff, :jf:Yo, hg;ªV\ of tyf jftfj/0f lzIff, :jf:Yo
/ zf/Ll/s lzIff, lj1fg / jftfj/0f lzIff, k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw lzIff .
-u_ kf7o\ ;fdu|Ldf ;dfjz] ePsf l;sfO ljm| ofsnfkx¿ PsLst[ gu/L leGgleGg l;sfO pknlAw;Fu cfa4 ul/Psf] 5 .
-ª_ l;sf?sf] ;ljm| otf, l;sf? lglb{i6 l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk ;~rfng / cGt/ljifout tyf axl' jifout l;sfOsf] dN" ofª\sg ug]{ p2Z] osf ;fy
kf7\o;fduL| ljsf; tyf dN" ofªs\ g sfo{ o;cl3 kf| yldstfsf ;fy a9]sf] b]lvbF g} .
ljleGg bz] x¿n] PsLst[ kf7o\ jm| d ljsf; ubf{ bz] sf] kl/l:ylt, k|fljlws bIftf, k|ljlwsf] pknAwtf, hgzlStsf] k];fut tyf k|fljlws bIftf,
;fdflhs tyf ;f:+ s[lts kl/j]znfO{ cfwf/ dfg]sf b]lvG5g\ . ljZjsf ljleGg b]zsf cEof;x¿sf] k'g/jnf]sg ubf{ ;dfg k|sl[ tsf] kf7o\ jm| d
ljsf; 9fFrf k|of]u ePsf] bl] vFbg} . clwsfz+ b]zdf ljifout klxrfgn] dV' o :yfg kfP klg PsLs[t kf7\ojm| d ljsf; tyf k|ofu] sf] j|mddf j[l4
eO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf] PsLs[t kf7o\ jm| dsf] ljsf; / k|ofu] sf ;Gbed{ f ljleGg lsl;dsf ldl>t gd'gfx¿ pkofu] df NofOPsf b]lvG5g\ .
cfwf/et" txcGtu{t sIff !–# sf] kf7\oj|mdnfO{ PsLst[ :j¿kdf Jojl:yt ug{] ;Gbed{ f /fli6o« kf7\oj|md kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] klg lbzflgb{z] u/]sf]
/ PsLst[ lzIf0f l;sfOn] l;sfOnfO{ a9L ;fGble{s agfpg ;xofu] k¥' ofpg] ePsfn] o; kf7o\ j|mdnfO{ PsLs[t 9frF fdf ljsf; ul/Psf] 5 .
cGt/fl{ i6«o cEof; / g]kfnsf] cge' j, gk] fnsf] lzIf0f l;sfOsf] cEof;, lzIfs cfkl" t{ / tof/L, k];fut ljsf;nufotsf ;Gbes{ f] ljZni] f0f u/L
;fdflhs cWoog, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;hg{ fTds snf ljifonfO{ cGt/ljifos (Interdisciplinary) 9frF fsf]
kf7j\ |mdsf ¿kdf xfd|f] ;/] fk] m/] f] ljifoIf]qdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 eg] kf7\oj|mdsf] ;du| ;/+ rgfdf xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f,] ul0ft, g]kfnL efiff, cª\uh|] L efiff
ljifoIfq] nfO{ ;dfjz] u/L axl' jifos (Multidisciplinary) 9frF fsf] PsLs[t kf7\oj|md tof/ ul/Psf] 5 . To;} u/L sIff !–# sf ljBfyLs{ f nflu
cfjZos x'g] Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿ (Soft skills) nfO{ cfjZostfg';f/ ;a} ljifoIf]q / sIffdf PsLst[ ul/Psf] 5 .
PsLs[t kf7o\ jm| dsf] ljsf;;uF ;uF } cfjZos kf7\o;fdu|L ljsf; / ltgsf] ;xh kxF'r, lzIfs tof/L, sIff lzIf0fsf] cEof;, l;sf?sf] ;ljm| o
;xeflutf, cleefjssf] ;n+ Ugtf tyf dN" of8s\ g k|lj|mofdf ;w' f/ / ljBfnodf cfwfl/t k];fut ;xof]u k4ltnfO{ ;dt] Jojl:yt x'g] u/L of]
PsLst[ kf7\oj|md sfof{Gjog ul/g' cfjZos x'G5 .
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 3
^= ljBfno lzIffsf] /fli6«o p2Z] o
/fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d kf| ¿k, @)&^ cg;' f/ ljBfno lzIffsf /fli6o« p2Z] ox¿ lgDgfg;' f/ xg' ] 5g\ M
-s_ k|To]s JolStdf cGtlg{lxt kl| tef k:| km6' g u/L JolStTj ljsf; ug]{
-v_ ;ª3\ Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf dN" o tyf dfGotfk|lt k|lta4, /fi6« / /fli6«otfkl| t akmfbf/, :jfledfgL, ;fdflhs tyf ;f+:sl[ ts
ljljwtfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug]{, rl/qjfg\, g}ltsjfg\ Pjd\ lhDd]jf/ gful/s tof/ ug]{
-u_ >dkl| t ;Ddfg Pjd\ ;sf/fTds ;fr] ePsf, /f]huf/ tyf :j/fh] uf/pGdv' , pTkfbgzLn, pBdzLn / l;ko'St gful/s tof/ ug]{
-3_ JolStsf] ;fdflhsLs/0fdf ;xof]u ub}{ ;fdflhs ;be\ fj tyf ;lxi0ft' f / /fli6o« Pstf ;'b9[ ug{ ;xof]u k¥' ofpg]
-ª_ k|fs[lts tyf /fli6«o ;Dkbf / kof{j/0fsf] ;+/If0f, ;+jwg{ / ;bk' of]u ub{} lbuf] ljsf;df ofu] bfg ug]{ ;r]t gful/s tof/ ug]{
-r_ k|Tos] JolStdf zflGt, dfgj clwsf/, ;dfgtf, ;dfjl] ztf / ;fdflhs Gofosf dfGotfcg¿' ksf] cfr/0f ljsf; u/L ;dtfdn" s,
;dfj]zL, Gofok"0f{ / ;dfhjfbpGdv' /fi6« lgdf0{ fdf d2t ug{]
-5_ /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df kl| t:kwL,{ cfwl' gs ;"rgf tyf ;~rf/ k|ljlw k|ofu] ug{ ;Sg] ljZjkl/j]z ;x' fpFbf] bIf hgzlSt tof/ ug{]
-h_ j1} flgs cjwf/0ff, tYo, l;k, l;4fGt tyf k|ljlwsf] k|ofu] ug{ ;Sg] j}1flgs ;'ema'em ePsf / vf]h tyf cg';Gwfgd'vL hgzlSt tof/
ug{]
-em_ /rgfTds tyf ;dfnf]rgfTds lrGtg ug],{ hLjgf]kof]uL l;k ePsf, ;lxi0f' / eflifs ;Ifdtfdf lgk"0f{ gful/s tof/ ug{]
-`_ g]kfnL df}lns snf, ;:+ s[lt, ;fG} bo,{ cfbz{ tyf j}lzi6o\ x¿sf] ;+/If0f, ;+jw{g / lj:tf/tkm{ clekl|] /t eO{ g]kfnL klxrfgkl| t uf/} j ug]{
gful/s tof/ ug{]
-6_ hnjfo' kl/jt{g tyf k|fsl[ ts Pjd\ dfgj l;lht{ k|sfk] kl| t ;rt] /xL ;Defljt hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkg ug{ ;Ifd gful/s
tof/ ug{]
-7_ ;fdflhs Gofodf cfwfl/t ;d4[ /fi6« lgdf{0fsf lglDt cfjZos dfgj ;+;fwgsf] ljsf; ug{]
&= ljBfno lzIffsf] txut ;/+ rgf
/fli6«o kf7o\ jm| d k|f¿k, @)&^ n] ljBfno lzIffnfO{ cfwf/et" / dfWolds u/L b'O{txdf afF8s] f] 5 . cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff ! df kj| ]z ug{'kj" { !
jifs{ f] k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] Joj:yf xg' ] 5 . ljBfno lzIffsf] ;+/rgfdf sIff ! bl] v * ;Dd u/L cf7 jif{ cjlwsf] cfwf/e"t
lzIff / sIff ( bl] v !@ ;Ddsf] rf/ jif{ cjlwsf] dfWolds lzIff sfod ul/Psf] 5 . dfWolds lzIff ;fwf/0f, kf| ljlws tyf Jofj;flos /
k/Dk/fut u/L tLg wf/sf] x'g] 5 . dfWolds lzIffsf] k|fljlws tyf Jofj;flos wf/tkm{ yk Ps jif{ cjlwsf] Jofjxfl/s cEof;
(Apprenticeship) ;d]l6g] 5 . l;sf?sf] pd]/, l;sfO Ifdtf:t/ tyf afndgfl] j1fg ;dt] nfO{ cfwf/ dfgL ljBfno lzIffsf] txut / sIffut
;/+ rgf lgDgadf]lhd lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf ! M ljBfno lzIffsf] txut / sIffut ;+/rgf
ljBfnosf] tx sIff pd/] ;dx" l;sfO Ifdtf:t/
k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIff k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIff $ jif{
cfwf/e"t sIff !– # % bl] v & jif;{ Dd tx !
dfWolds sIff $ – % * bl] v ( jif;{ Dd tx @
sIff ^ – * !) b]lv !@ jif{;Dd tx #
sIff ( – !) !# b]lv !$ jif{;Dd tx $
sIff !! – !@ !% bl] v !^ jif;{ Dd tx %
*= ljBfno lzIffsf] kf7o\ jm| d ;+/rgf
ljBfno txsf] kf7o\ jm| d ;+/rgf lgDgfg';f/ /xs] f] 5 M
4 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
*=! k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] kf7o\ j|md ;+/rgf
tflnsf @ M kf| /lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] kf7\ojm| d ;+/rgf
j|m=;+= l;ksf If]qx¿ l;kx¿ jflifs{ ;do -306fdf_
!= cfwf/e"t l;k l;sfOsf If]q #*$
-s_ zf/Ll/s l;k
@= ljifout l;k l;sfOsf Ifq] -v_ ;j+ u] fTds l;k !(@
-u_ ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts / g}lts l;k %&^
-3_ af}l4s tyf dfgl;s l;k
-ª_ :jf:Yo, kf]if0f, ;'/Iff / jftfj/0f l;k
-r_ l;h{gfTds l;k
-s_ eflifs l;k
-v_ kj" u{ l0ftLo l;k
-u_ b[Zosnf, sfo{tl/sf / l;h{gzLntf
-3_ j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
-ª_ ;fdflhs l;k
hDdf
-pko{'St tflnsfdf plNnlvt lj|mofsnfk / ;doafx]s dgf/] ~hg ljm| ofsnfk, afx\o vn] / cf/fd ug{] ;do u/L sDtLdf bl} gs ! 306fsf b/n]
jife{ l/df @%^ 306f;Dd jflifs{ ;do yk x'g;Sg] 5 ._
*=@ cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d ;+/rgf
tflnsf # M cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf
j|m= ;= ljifo;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk kf7\o306f jflifs{ sfo{306f
!= eflifs l;k ljsf;;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk -g]kfnL_ % !^)
@= eflifs l;k ljsf;;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk -cª\u|]hL_ $ !@*
#= ul0ftLo l;k ljsf;;DaGwL lj|mofsnfk $ !@*
$ lj1fg, :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff, ;fdflhs cWoog, rfl/lqs ljsf; tyf * @%^
l;h{gfTds snf;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfk -;/] fk] m/] f_]
%= dft[eflifs l;k÷:yfgLo ljifoj:t';DaGwL lj|mofsnfk % !^)
hDdf @^ *#@
-k7gkf7g ;~rfngsf nflu pkofu] ePsf] #@ 306fsf] ;dofjlwnfO{ ! kf7o\ 306f (Credit hour) dflgPsf] 5 ._
plNnlvt ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df kf7\oj|md lgdf{0f tyf ubf{ lgDglnlvt kIfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 M
1. eflifs l;kcGtu{t ;g' fO, af]nfO, k9fO, n]vfO l;ksf] ljsf;, zAbe08f/, cfwf/et" ;~rf/ l;ksf] ljsf; h:tf kIfx¿df Wofg lbOg] 5 .
ul0ftLo l;kcGtut{ ;ª\Vof / cª\ssf] cjwf/0ffsf ;fy} Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg tyf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo l;ksf] ljsf; / k|ofu] df Wofg
lbOg] 5 .
2. lj1fg, :jf:Yo / zf/Ll/s lzIff;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx¿cGtut{ j1} flgs ;fr] tyf l;ksf] ko| f]u, lj1fg, jftfj/0f, :yfgLo kof{j/0f, :jf:Yo
/ zf/Ll/s lzIff, k|ljlw cflb l;sfOsf If]qcGtu{t kg]{ ljifoj:tx' ¿;uF ;DalGwt ljm| ofsnfkx¿ ;dfjz] ul/g] 5 .
3. ;fdflhs cWoog, rfl/lqs ljsf; tyf l;hg{ fTds snf;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkcGtut{ ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf, rfl/lqs ljsf;,
l;hg{ fTdstf, snf / ;+:s[lt, hLjgfk] ofu] L l;k tyf ;r" gf / ;~rf/ kl| jlw cflb l;sfOsf If]qcGtut{ kg{] ljifoj:tx' ¿;Fu ;DalGwt
ljm| ofsnfk ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 .
4. :yfgLo ljifocGtu{t dfte[ fiff, :yfgLo Oltxf; tyf ;+:sl[ t, ;+:st[ efiff / :yfgLo 1fg, l;k, snf tyf kl| jlwdf cfwfl/t ljifo;uF
;DalGwt ljm| ofsnfk kg{] 5g\ . l;hg{ fTds l;k ljsf;;DaGwL lj|mofsnfknfO{ cGo ljifoIfq] sf lj|mofsnfkx¿;uF klg ;DalGwt u/fpg'kg{]
5 . :yfgLo ljifosf] kf7\oj|md / kf7o\ ;fdu|L ljBfnon] :yfgLo lj1, cleefjs tyf :yfgLo txsf] ;xofu] / ;dGjodf ljsf; u/L
sfof{Gjogdf Nofpg' kg5{] .
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 5
5. ;+:st[ , u'?s'n, uD' af÷ljxf/, db;f{, ls/ft d'Gw'd h:tf k/Dk/fut lzIff k4ltsf xsdf gk] fnL / ;fdflhs ljifoafx]s cGo ljifox¿
k/Dk/fut lzIff k4ltcg';f/ cg'sn" g / ljsf; u/L sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsg] 5 .
6. ;+:s[t tyf k/Dk/fut lzIfftkms{ f] sIff !–# nfO{ PsLst[ l;4fGtcg'¿k ;fwf/0f lzIff ;/xsf] lzIff kb| fg ul/g]
5 . o; lzIffdf dft[efiffsf ;66\ fdf ;DalGwt efiff -;+:st[ /rgf, ef]6 efiff, c/]las / pb{" efiff, lnDa" efiff cflb_ sf kf7\ojm| d /
kf7o\ ;fdu|L sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
7. lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs cWoog, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;hg{ fTds snf ljifonfO{ cGt/ljifos 9fFrfsf] kf7o\ jm| dsf ¿kdf
xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] ljifoIfq] df ;dfjz] u/L ;dud| f ul0ft, gk] fnL efiff, cª\u|]hL efiff / xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] ljifoIfq] nfO{ ;dfjz] u/L axl' jifos
9fFrfsf] PsLs[t kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ul/g] 5 . To;} u/L sIff !–# sf ljBfyL{sf nflu cfjZos x'g] Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿nfO{
cfjZostfg';f/ ;a} ljifoIf]q / sIffdf PsLst[ ul/g] 5 .
*=# cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff $–%_ sf] kf7o\ j|md ;+/rgf
tflnsf $ M cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff $–%_ sf] kf7\oj|md ;/+ rgf
j|m= ;= ljifo kf7o\ 306f jflifs{ sfo{306f
!= gk] fnL % !^)
@= cª\u|]hL % !^)
#= ul0ft % !^)
$ lj1fg tyf k|ljlw % !^)
%= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj dN" o lzIff % !^)
^= :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf # (^
&= dft[efiff÷:yfgLo ljifo $ !@*
hDdf #@ !)@$
plNnlvt ;+/rgfsf cfwf/df kf7o\ j|md lgdf{0f ubf{ lgDglnlvt kIfx¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 M
1= eflifs ljifocGtut{ ;'gfO, afn] fO, k9fO, n]vfO l;ksf] ljsf;, zAbe08f/, cfwf/et" ;~rf/ l;k, cleJolSt l;ksf] ljsf; h:tf
kIfx¿df Wofg lbg'kb{5 . ul0ftcGtu{t ;ª\Vof / cª\ssf] cjwf/0ffsf ;fy} Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg tyf l;ksf] ljsf; / ko| f]udf
Wofg lbgk' b5{ . lj1fg tyf kl| jlw lzIff;DaGwL lj|mofsnfkx¿cGtu{t j1} flgs ;fr] tyf l;ksf] ko| f]u, lj1fg, jftfj/0f, :yfgLo
kof{j/0f, ;r" gf / ;~rf/ k|ljlw cflb l;sfOsf Ifq] cGtu{t kg]{ ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfjz] ul/g] 5 . ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No
lzIffcGtu{t gk] fnsf] efu} fl] ns, ;fdflhs tyf P]ltxfl;s kIf, ;fdflhs dN" o / dfGotf, rfl/lqs ljsf;, snf / ;+:s[lt,
hLjgfk] of]uL l;k, gful/s rt] gf cflb ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfj]z ul/g] 5 . :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snfcGtu{t zf/Ll/s
tGb'?:tL, :j:ys/ afgL, ;/;kmfO / hLjgf]kofu] L l;k, l;h{gfTdstf cflb;Fu ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'x¿ ;dfjz] ul/g] 5 . l;hg{ fTds
l;k ljsf;;DaGwL ljm| ofsnfknfO{ cGo ljifoIf]qsf ljm| ofsnfkx¿;Fu klg ;DalGwt u/fpg'kb5{ .
2= :yfgLo ljifocGtu{t dft[efiff, :yfgLo Oltxf; tyf ;+:sl[ t, ;:+ st[ efiff / :yfgLo 1fg, l;k, snf tyf k|ljlwdf cfwfl/t ljifo;Fu
;DalGwt lj|mofsnfk kg{] 5g\ . :yfgLo ljifosf] kf7o\ j|md / kf7o\ ;fduL| ljBfnon] :yfgLo txsf] ;xofu] / ;dGjodf :yfgLo lj1
tyf cleefjssf] ;+nUgtfdf ljsf; u/L sfofG{ jogdf Nofpg] 5 .
3= ;:+ s[t tyf k/Dk/fut lzIffcftu{t cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff $–%_ nfO{ ;fwf/0f lzIff;/xsf] lzIff k|bfg ul/g] 5 . o;cGtu{t
;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifo;uF ;DalGwt ljifoIf]qnfO{ cfjZostfsf cfwf/df yk36 u/L o; lzIffsf
kf7\o;fduL| nfO{ ;Gbe{ / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df cg'sn" g ul/g] 5 . dft[efiffsf ;6\6fdf ;DalGwt efiff -;+:st[ efiff, ef6] efiff, c/]las
/ pb"{ efiff, lnDa" efiff OToflb_ sf kf7o\ jm| d / kf7\o;fduL| sfof{Gjog ul/g] 5 .
4= u'?s'n lzIfftkm{ :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf ljifosf ;66\ fdf jb] jf gLltzf:q jf dfgjd"No lzIff ljifo cWoog cWofkg
ug{ ;lsg] 5 . db;f{ lzIfftkm{ :jf:Yo, zf/Ll/s tyf l;hg{ fTds snf ljifosf ;6\6fdf lblgoft ljifo cWoog cWofkg ug{
;lsg] 5 .
6 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
*=$ cfwf/e"t lzIff -sIff ^–*_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d ;+/rgf
tflnsf % M cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff ^–*_ sf] kf7o\ j|md ;/+ rgf
ljifo ;+:s[t lzIff÷u?' sn' ÷j]b ufG] kf tyf ljxf/÷db;f{ lzIff kf7o\ 306f jflif{s
j|m=;= ;fwf/0f ljBf>d lzIff sfo{306f
g]kfnL % !^)
!= gk] fnL gk] fnL cª\u|]hL % !^)
@= cªu\ |]hL cª\u|]hL jf ;:+ s[t /rgf ul0ft % !^)
#= ul0ft ul0ft
!^)
$= lj1fg tyf k|ljlw lj1fg tyf k|ljlw jf ;+:s[t lj1fg tyf k|ljlw %
!^)
Jofs/0f
(^
%= ;fdflhs cWoog tyf ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj ;fdflhs cWoog tyf dfgj d"No lzIff %
!@*
dfgj dN" o lzIff d"No lzIff jf sd{sf08
!)@$
^= :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff ;:+ s[t efiff :yfgLo ljifo jf af4} lzIff jf ;Def]6f #
-l;h{gfTds snf;lxt_ Jofs/0f jf cGo jf cfrf/ lzIff
-lblgoft_ jf s/' fg -c/]las_
&= dft[efiff jf :yfgLo ljifo jb] jf gLlt zf:q ef6] efiff jf kfnL efiff jf ;+:s[t jf $
jf ;:+ st[ efiff cGo efiff jf pb"{ efiff
hDdf #@
(= cfwf/et" lzIffsf txut ;Ifdtf
(=! cfwf/e"t lzIff -sIff !–*_ sf txut ;Ifdtf
cfwf/et" lzIffn] ljBfyLs{ ]lGb|t lzIffsf dfWodåf/f afnaflnsfdf cGtlg{lxt kl| tefsf] ljsf; ug]{ nIo /fv]sf] 5 . o; txsf] lzIffsf] dV' o
p2Z] o /fi6k« |]d / nf]stGqdf ljZjf; u/L /fli6«otfsf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ug{], clwsf/ / st{Josf] kfngf;lxt :jtGqtfsf] ;Ddfg ug,]{ ;fdflhs /
kf| s[lts jftfj/0fkl| t ;r]t eO{ dfgjLo d"No / dfGotfcgs' n" Jojxf/ ug]{ stJ{ olgi7 gful/s pTkfbg ug{] xf] . o; txsf] lzIff kf| Kt
ul/;s]sf afnaflnsfx¿ cfgf ljrf/ cfbfgk|bfg Pjd\ b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg{] Jofjxfl/s ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ ;Ifd, :jfjnDaL, kl/>dL,
j}1flgs ;'emae' m ePsf, :jf:Yok|lt ;r]t / gl} tsjfg\ xg' ] 5g\ . ljBfno lzIffcGtu{t cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–*_ sf ljBfyL{n] xfl;n ug]{
;Ifdtfx¿ lgDgadfl] hd x'g] 5g\ M
1. bz] k]|d tyf /fli6«o Pstfsf] efjgf Pjd\ nf]stflGqs d"No, dfGotf tyf ;:+ sf/ Jojxf/df kb| zg{
2. eflifs tyf ;~rf/ l;ksf] ljsf; / Jofjxfl/s, l;h{gfTds Pjd\ ;fGbles{ ko| fu]
3. ;"rgf / ljrf/x¿sf] cfbfg k|bfg, ljZn]if0f tyf ;"rgf kl| jlwsf] ;d'lrt ko| f]u
4. tflss{ tyf Jofjxfl/s ul0ftLo 1fg, l;k Pjd\ clej[lQ ljsf; / ko| fu]
5. j}1flgs cjwf/0ff, tYo, l;4fGt / lgodk|ltsf] lh1f;f Pjd\ af]w / Jofjxfl/s hLjgdf k|of]u
6. dfgj dN" o / dfGotf Pjd\ ;fdflhs u0' fsf] ljsf; tyf gful/s st{Jokl| t ;hutf
7. hg;ª\Vof, jftfj/0f ;/+ If0f / lbuf] ljsf;larsf] cGt/;DaGwsf] af]w / Joj:yfkgdf ;xofu]
8. zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL, :j:ys/ hLjgzn} L / hLjgf]kof]uL l;k (Life skills) sf] ljsf;
9. :yfgLo, cfw'lgs k];f, Joj;fo / k|ljlw Pjd\ >dk|lt ;Ddfg tyf Jojxf/sz' n l;k (Soft skills) sf] k|of]u
10. gk] fnL snf, ;flxTo / ;:+ sl[ tsf] ;+/If0f tyf ;j+ w{g Pjd\ l;hg{ zLntfsf] ljsf; / k|of]u
11. /fli6«o tyf cGt/fl{ i6«o kl/j]z;Fu kl/lrt eO{ ljljwtf, ljZjaGw'Tj / ;xcl:tTj afw] tyf :jLsf/
12. b}lgs hLjgdf cfOkg{] Jofjxfl/s ;d:ofx¿sf] klxrfg, ljZni] f0f tyf ;dfwfg
(=@ cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf txut ;Ifdtf
cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf] p2Z] o afnaflnsfnfO{ cfwf/et" ;fIf/tf, ul0ftLo 1fg tyf l;k / hLjgfk] ofu] L l;kx¿sf ;fy} JolStut :jf:Yo
tyf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL afgLsf] ljsf; ug]{ cj;/ kb| fg ug'{ xf] . cfwf/et" lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 afnaflnsfx¿ cfkm" /x]sf] kf| s[lts tyf ;fdflhs
jftfj/0f;uF kl/lrt / ;rt] x'g] 5g\ . o; txsf] kf7\oj|md afnaflnsfsf] pd]/ut Ifdtf Pjd\ ?lrnfO{ Wofg lbO{ PsLst[ l;4fGtcg';f/ ljsf;
ul/Psf] 5 . cfwf/et" lzIff -sIff !–#_ sf ;Ifdtf b]xfoadf]lhd x'g] 5g\ M
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 7
1. cfwf/et" eflifs tyf ;~rf/ l;ksf] ljsf; / k|of]u
2. cfwf/et" ul0ftLo cjwf/0ff / l;ksf] ljsf; / ko| f]u
3. cgz' f;g, ;bfrf/ / :jfjnDag h:tf ;fdflhs Pjd\ rfl/lqs u'0fsf] ljsf;
4. lj1fg, jftfj/0f, ;r" gf k|ljlw;DaGwL cfwf/et" 1fgsf] ljsf;
5. zf/Ll/s tGb?' :tL, :j:ys/ afgL / hLjgfk] of]uL l;k (Life skills) sf] ljsf;
6. snf tyf ;f}Gbo{kl| t cle?lr / l;hg{ fTdstfsf] ljsf;
7. cfgf] kl/jz] ;uF kl/lrt eO{ ljleGg hfthflt, wd,{ efiff, ;+:s[lt, Ifq] kl| t ;Ddfg / ;defjsf] ljsf;
8 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
!)= cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] ljifoIfq] ut kf7o\ jm| d
!)=! g]kfnL efiff
-s_ kl/ro
g]kfnL efiff gk] fnsf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhsf] efiff xf] . of] efiff gk] fndf af]lng] g]kfnL efiffafx]ssf ljleGg /fi6e« fiffsf k|ofS] tflarsf] ;Dks{ efiff
klg xf] . g]kfnL efiff ljBfno txsf] lzIffsf] dfWod efiff ePsfn] ljBfno txsf] k|f/lDes sIffb]lv g} clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf k7gkf7g x'Fb}
cfPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiffsf] k7gkf7gnfO{ Jofjxfl/s / k|efjsf/L agfpg' ;dosf] cfjZostf klg xf] . pSt cfjZostfnfO{ Vofn u/L ljleGg
;/fs] f/jfnfx¿sf] ;'emfj tyf /fli6o« kf7o\ jm| d k|f¿k, @)&^ sf] dd{cg'¿k of] kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .
ljZjdf ePsf cg';Gwfgx¿n] efiffnfO{ l;sfOsf] kd| v' / cfwf/e"t kIf dfGb} cfPsf 5g\ . efiff ljrf/ ljlgdosf ;fy} l;sfOsf] dfWod /
lrGtgsf] cfwf/ klg xf] . efiffsf l;kx¿dfkmt{ l;sfOnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg efiffsf] d'Vo e"ldsf /xG5 . o; kf7o\ j|mddf eflifs l;kdfkmt{
ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO Ifdtf clejl[ 4 ug{] nIo /flvPsf] 5 . eflifs l;sfOnfO{ yk k|efjsf/L agfpg / dflyNnf] tx;Fusf] :t/0f / ;Gtn' g sfod
ug{ kf7\oj|mddf ;ddfdlos ;w' f/ ug{ cfjZos ePsfn] of] kf7o\ j|md ljsf; ul/Psf] xf] .
g]kfndf ljBfno txsf] k|f/lDes sIffx¿df PsLs[t kf7o\ jm| d sfof{Gjog ug]{ gLltut Joj:yf /xs] f] 5 . ljBfno txsf kf| /lDes sIffdf
lzIf0f ul/g] ljifoIf]qx¿sf] PsLs[t lzIf0fsf nflu gk] fnL ljifosf] o; kf7\ojm| dsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos bl] vPsf] xf] . To;n} ] ;Ifdtfdf
cfwfl/t eflifs l;kut l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ PsLs[t kf7o\ j|mdsf cjwf/0ffcg';f/ ¿kfGt/0f ug]{ clekf| on] g]kfnL ljifosf] kf7o\ j|md ljsf;
ul/Psf] 5 . PsLst[ kf7o\ j|mdn] eflifs 1fg / l;k, l;sfO kl| jm| of, eflifs ;fdYo{ / k|ofu] , eflifs tŒjut ;Gtn' g, ljBfnoleqsf] l;sfO /
ljBfyL{sf] jf:tljs hLjg, cGt/;DalGwt eflifs l;sfO If]qx¿nufotsf] PsLs/0fdf hf]8 lbOPsf] 5 . o;df l;sfO If]qnfO{ ljifoIf]qut
PsfOdf ljefhg u/L eflifs l;k, Jojxf/sz' n l;k, ljBfyL{sf] jo} lSts l;sfO IfdtfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{] pkfud / eflifs k|sfo{nfO{ PsLs[t
¿kdf k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 . kf7\ojm| d sfof{Gjogsf jm| ddf l;sfO ;fduL| sf] k|of]u tyf sIff lzIf0f / dN" ofª\sg kl| jm| ofnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg
o; kf7\ojm| ddf l;sfO ;xhLs/0f k|lj|mof / ljBfyL{ dN" ofªs\ g /0fgLlt;d]t ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ txut ;Ifdtf
o; txsf] cGTodf ljBfyL{x¿df lgDglnlvt ;dIftf xfl;n x'g] 5g\ M
!= s/' fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/sf jm| ddf bfx] f/] f] ;~rf/
@= lrq, 36gf, kl/j]z / kf7ut ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df ljifoj:ts' f] af]w / cleJolSt
#= zAbdf k|o'St Wjlg / j0f{sf] z'4 pRrf/0f
$= j0f,{ dfqf / zAbsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ªs\ t] g u/L z4' afn] fO / nv] fO
%= kj| fxk"0f{ k7g, pkoS' t afw] / cleJolSt
^= >Jo, b[Zo / >JobZ[ o ;fduL| sf] af]w;lxtsf] eflifs sfo{
&= df}lvs / lnlvt cleJolStdf l;h{gfTds tyf ;dfnfr] gfTds lzNksf] ko| fu]
-u_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
tflnsf ^ M g]kfnL ljifosf sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
sIff ! sIff @ sIff #
!= s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf
!= s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] /df ;xefuL != pko'St efiffsf] ko| fu] u/L s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb,
j|mddf pko'St efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ eO{ pkoS' t efiffsf] ko| f]u ug{ 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ug{
@= Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u x'g] zAb klxrfg
@= Kffl/jfl/s / ljBfnoLo kl/jz] df ko| f]u x'g] @= kfl/jfl/s, ljBfnoLo / ;fdflhs kl/jz] df ko| f]u
u/L k|of]u ug{ zAb klxrfg u/L ko| fu] ug{ xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{
#= ;ªs\ ]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf{0f
#= p:t} p:t} Wjlg tyf ;dfg ;+/rgf ePsf #= p:t} p:t} Wjlg tyf ;dfg ;/+ rgf ePsf zAbsf]
ug{ zAbsf] ko| fu] u/L eflifs ;~rf/ ug{ ko| fu] u/L eflifs ;~rf/ ug{
$= :j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{
%= Jo~hg j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ $= kf7 k9L 5nkmn tyf kZ| gfQ] / ug{ / kf7sf] $= kf7sf cfwf/df 36gf j0fg{ , cge' j j0fg{ , aF'bf
;+/rgf, 36gfjm| d / ;f/ atfpg nv] g / tflss{ ljZn]if0f ug{
ljeb] Ls/0f ug{
%= ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df s/' fsfgL / 5nkmn u/L %= ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df s'/fsfgL / 5nkmn u/L
^= kf7df k|o'St bl} gs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, lnlvt cleJolSt lbg lnlvt cleJolSt lbg
nAw zAb, zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ªs\ t] s zAb
k9g\ ^= zAbsf j0f{ ljefhg ug{ / j0f{ hf8] /] , yk]/, ^= zAbsf j0f{ ljefhg ug{ / j0f{ hf8] ]/, yk/] , lems/]
lems/] / kl/jtg{ u//] gofF zAb lgdf{0f ug{ / kl/jtg{ u/]/ gofF zAb lgdf0{ f ug{
&= k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ªs\ t] g /
lj;ªs\ ]tg u/L n]vg 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ug{ &= zAb zAb hf]8]/ jf 5'6\ofP/ gofF zAbsf] &= zAb zAb hf8] ]/ jf 56' o\ fP/ zAbsf] klxrfg u/L
klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f tyf zAb;r" L lgdf{0f / ltgsf] pRrf/0f tyf zAb;"rL lgdf0{ f / ko| fu] ug{
*= xif,{ lrGtf, 3[0ff, cfZro,{ pT;s' tf h:tf
;+j]ufTds cleJolSt ae' m/] kl| tljm| of JoSt
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 9
ug{ k|ofu] ug{ *= zAbsf] ;Gbeu{ t cy{ klxrfg / ko| fu] ug{
(= ljleGg zLifs{ , lrq, kl/jz] / ;Gbes{ f *= zAbsf] ;Gbeu{ t cy{ klxrfg / k|of]u ug{ (= kf| Kt ;"rgf tyf k9s] f ;fduL| sf cfwf/df
cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ug{ ljifoj:t,' kfq / 36gfsf] af]w u/L k|ltlj|mof JoSt
(= kf| Kt ;"rgf tyf k9s] f ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df ug{
!)= zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb ljifoj:t,' kfq / 36gfsf] afw] u/L k|ltlj|mof
klxrfg u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ JoSt ug{ !)= zLifs{ / k"j1{ fgsf cfwf/df kf7 k9g\ / To;sf
cfwf/df :jl;sfOsf] k/LIf0f ug{
!!= zAbdf cIf/ 56' \ofpg, hf8] \g, yKg, x6fpg !)= xnGt / ;o+ 'St Jo~hg j0f{ k|of]u ePsf
/ kl/jt{g ug{ zAbsf] klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / cya{ f]w ug{ !!= xnGt / ;+oS' t Jo~hg j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAbsf]
klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / cy{af]w ug{
!@= lj;ªs\ ]ts zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg !!= lrq, zLif{s, kf7sf] kl/j]z / ;Gbe{sf
klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ cfwf/df 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q/ / tn' gf ug{ !@= ;Gbe{ ;fduL| k9/] ljifoj:t' af]w u/L nV] g
!#= kf7ut kl/j]z, kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, !@= kb;ª\ult ldnfO{ n]Volrx\g / lj|mofsf sfnsf] !#= kf7sf rl/q, kl/jz] / 36gfsf] j0fg{ ug{
5nkmn, k|ZgfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ pko'St ko| fu] u/L jfSo tyf cgR' 5]b /rgf
ug{ !$= kb;ª\ult ldnfO{ nV] olrxg\ / ljm| ofsf sfnsf]
!$= kf7\o;fduL| k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cya{ fw] pko'St ko| fu] u//] jfSo tyf cg'R5]b /rgf ug{
/ ko| fu] ug{ !#= ;u{k/s zAbsf] klxrfg u/L zAb lgdf0{ f /
pRrf/0f ug{ !%= lnª\u, jrg, k'?if / cfb/sf cfwf/df ;/n
!%= zAbdf ko| fu] ePsf ;+o'St Jo~hg j0f{ jfSodf kl/jtg{ ug{
klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ !$= kf7df k|o'St bl} gs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw
zAb tyf zLif{ zAb k9\g !^= ;u{k/s zAbsf] klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / zAb;"rL
!^= lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrx\gsf] lgdf{0f ug{
;r]ttf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt !%= xif{, lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro,{ pT;s' tf h:tf
lbg ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt a'em]/ kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{ !&= kf7df ko| S' t b}lgs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw zAb
tyf zLif{ zAb k9g\
!^= kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9/] gofF zAb klxrfg, cya{ fw] /
k|ofu] ug{ !*= xif{, lrGtf, 3[0ff, cfZro{, pT;'stf h:tf ;+j]ufTds
cleJolSt ae' m/] k|ltljm| of JoSt ug{
!&= zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb
klxrfg u/L k|ZgfQ] / ug{ !(= :yfgLo kl/j]z, ;Gbe{ tyf ljifoj:t' emlNsg]
zLif{s jf ljifoj:t' 5gf6] u/L cgR' 5b] nV] g
!*= zAb, jfSo / cg'R5b] sf] cgn' ]vg, >l' tn]vg,
lgb{]lzt nv] g / l;hg{ fTds nv] g ug{ @)= zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg
u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
@!= tYo, ;Gbe,{ ;r" gf / k"j{1fgdf cfwfl/t eO{
dfl} vs / lnlvt pQ/ lbg
@@= zAb, jfSo / cg'R5b] sf] cg'n]vg, >l' tn]vg,
lgbl]{ zt n]vg / l;hg{ fTds nv] g ug{
-3_ ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / jm| d
tflnsf & M g]kfnL ljifosf] ljifoj:t'sf] Ifq] / jm| d
eflifs eflifs tŒjut ljifoj:t'sf] Ifq] / j|md
l;kut Ifq] If]q
sIff ! sIff @ sIff #
!= ;g' fO / !=! Wjlg Kffl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] xg' ] zAbsf]
af]nfO ;r]tLs/0f ljBfno tyf ;db' fodf k|ofu] xg' ] zAb kfl/jfl/s, ljBfnoLo / ;fdflhs
pRrf/0f tyf cfb/;"rs Pjd\ cf1f;"rs zAb ultljlwdf k|of]u xg' ] zAb klxrfg /
lzi6frf/sf nflu k|of]u x'g] zAbsf]
klxrfg / pRrf/0f pRrf/0f
pRrf/0f
s/' fsfgL, ;fw] k'5 / k|ZgfQ] / ;+jfb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ;Ddfgaf]ws zAbsf] k|ofu] / pRrf/0f
:j/ tyf Jo~hg j0f{ut j0fs{ f] Wjlg, p:t} p:t} ;l' gg] Wjlg pRrf/0f s/' fsfgL, ;+jfb, cGt/lj|mof / kZ| gf]Q/
Kff7ut gofF zAb klxrfg / pRrf/0f afnuLt, afnsljtf, afnsyf tyf
pRrf/0f cEof; tyf j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf j0fu{ t Wjlg ;r" gfdn" s kf7 k7g
zAbsf ;?' / cGTosf Wjlg pRrf/0f
klxrfg / pRrf/0f ;/n tyf hf8] d] f8] ]sf j0fo{ S' t zAbsf]
cEof;
j0f{ hf8] ]/, 56' \ofP/ lems]/, yk/] / zAbsf j0f{ut Wjlg hf]8fO / 56' o\ fO klxrfg / pRrf/0f
kl/jtg{ u//] zAb lgdf{0f nV] o lrxg\ sf cfwf/df xg' ] pRrf/0fut ;o+ 'St Jo~hg j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAb
zAbsf j0f{ ljefhg leGgtf klxrfg / ko| f]u pRrf/0f
xnGt tyf ;+o'St Jo~hg j0f{sf] j0fu{ t
cg':jf/ / rGb|laGb' ko| fu] ePsf zAbsf] ;dfg / c;dfg Wjlg ePsf zAbx¿
Wjlg tyf pRrf/0f cEof; z'4 pRrf/0f klxrfg / pRrf/0f
kr| lnt cfsl[ t, /ª / ;ª\s]t lrx\gsf] xnGt / ;+o'St Jo~hg j0f{ ko| fu] ePsf k|fsl[ ts tyf ;fdflhs kl/jz] sf
ko| fu] zAb klxrfg / pRrf/0f lrqj0fg{
cg'dfg / sNkgf u/L dfl} vs j0fg{
ljifoj:t,' kfq / 36gf;DaGwL df}lvs
j0f{g
zAb zAb hf]8/] jf 56' \ofP/ pRrf/0f
d"n zAbsf cufl8 Pjd\ k5fl8 cfPsf
Wjlg hf]8fO / 5'6o\ fO
!=@ >Jo÷bZ[ o >Job[Zo ;fduL| sf cfwf/df >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df
af]w xfpefp;lxt 5nkmn, s/' fsfgL / xfpefp;lxt 5nkmn, s'/fsfgL, k|:tl' t,
10
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
>Jo / bZ[ o ;fduL| sf cfwf/sf gfd / k|:t'lt ;"rgf cfbfgkb| fg / ;dLIff
d'Vo d'Vo ljifoj:t' j0fg{
lrqj0f{g j0f{ n]vgsf j}slNks 9fFrfsf] klxrfg
xfpefp / clego;lxtsf] df}lvs k:| t'lt bO' { bZ[ o cj:yfsf] cjnf]sg, tn' gf / lrqj0fg{
/ To;sf] cgs' /0f k|ltljm| of b'O{ bZ[ o cj:yfsf] cjnfs] g, tn' gf /
;+j]ufTds cleJolSt -cfZro,{ pdªu\ , b'Oc{ f6] f bZ[ ox¿sf] ;dfgtf / leGgtf k|ltlj|mof
pT;'stf, 3[0ff, lrGtf, xif{_ / kl| tljm| of
;~rf/sf jm| ddf k|rlnt cfsl[ t, /ª / ;~rf/sf j|mddf kr| lnt cfs[lt, /ª /
cg'dfg, sNkgf / ;d:of klxrfg;lxt ;ª\st] lrx\gsf] k|ofu] ;ªs\ t] lrxg\ sf] ko| fu]
dfl} vs j0fg{
lgwfl{ /t kf7o\ ;fdu|L, lrq / lgwfl{ /t kf7\o;fduL| , lrq /
kqklqsfaf6 ljifoj:ts' f] af]w kqklqsfaf6 ljifoj:t' afw]
@= k9fO @=! k7g k|jfx d'b|0f ;rt] tf uBfTds kf7 -jfSo / cgR' 5b] M ult, uBfTds kf7 -jfSo / cg'R5]b M ult,
#= nv] fO @=@ k7g afw] j0f,{ zAb, ;/n jfSo / cg'R5b] k7g olt, efj / z'4tf_ k7g olt, efj / z'4tf_ k7g
kBfTds kf7 k7g
#=! n]Voj0f{ jfrg -;:j/, b't| , Psn, o'un / ;dx" _ kBfTds kf7 -ult, olt, no, xfpefp / kBfTds kf7 -ult, olt, no, xfpefp /
;r]tLs/0f z4' tf_ k7g z'4tf_ k7g
#=@ n]vfO jfrg -;:j/, bt|' , Psn, o'un / ;d"x_ jfrg -;:j/, b|t' , Psn, ou' n / ;d"x_
;ª\st] , lrq, zLif{s, kf7, syf, sljtf ;ªs\ t] , lrq, zLif{s, kf7, syf, sljtf ;ª\s]t, lrq, kj" {1fg, kbfjnL / jfSo,
/ ;+jfbsf ljifoj:t' af]w / ;j+ fbsf ljifoj:t' afw] zLif{s, kf7, syf, sljtf / ;+jfbsf
:yfgLo kl/j]z / kf7ut ;Gbes{ f :yfgLo kl/jz] / kf7ut ;Gbe{sf ljifoj:t' afw]
cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] / cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] / zflAbs, tflss{ / j0fg{ fTds k|Zgf]Q/
kfq jf zLif{s kl/jtg{ u/L k'gnv{] g
cfkmg\ f] cg'ej j0f{g cfkmg\ f] cg'ej, kf7ut ;Gbe{ / l;sfOsf] :jd"Nofª\sg
kf7ut kfq / 36gf klxrfg kj" 1{ fgcg';f/ ljifoj:t'sf] j0f{g :yfgLo kl/jz] / kf7ut ;Gbes{ f
kf7ut kfq / 36gf klxrfg tyf ;f/ cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
k|:tl' t
;"rgfdn" s ;fduL| -kf:] 6/, cfkmg\ f] cge' j, kf7ut ;Gbe{ /
kqklqsfnufot_ af6 ljifoj:t' afw] kj" {1fgcg;' f/ ljifoj:t' j0fg{
kf7ut tYo, ;Gbe{, kfq / 36gf
klxrfg tyf ;f/ k|:t'lt
;r" gfdn" s ;fdu|L -lr7L, lgj]bg,
;fOg af]8,{ kf:] 6/, ;"rgf / cGo
ljj/0f_ af6 ljifoj:ts' f] af]w
;dfg / c;dfg lrq, zAbcg;' f/sf lrq zAb;"rL lgdf0{ f j0f{ n]vgsf j}slNks 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f
/ lrqcg;' f/sf zAbsf] klxrfg / n]vg cIf/ hf8] /] tyf lems/] , yk/] / kl/jt{g cIf/ hf]8]/ tyf lems/] , yk/] /
;ªs\ ]ts -yfK] nf, ;ª\st] , j0f{ / cª\s_ u//] zAb lgdf{0f / zAbsf cIf/ kl/jtg{ u/]/ zAb lgdf{0f / zAbsf
af6 ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf{0f ljefhg cIf/ ljefhg
:j/ tyf Jo~hg j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] xnGt tyf ;o+ 'St Jo~hg j0f{ / n]Vo xnGt tyf ;+o'St Jo~hg j0f{ / nV] o
;ª\s]tg, lj;ªs\ ]tg / 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ;ªs\ t] sf] k|ofu] ;ª\st] sf] ko| fu]
rGbl| aGb' - F_, lz/laGb' - +_ / lj;u{ - M _ zAbcg;' f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAbcg;' f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf
sf] klxrfg / ko| fu] zAbsf] n]vg zAbsf] nv] g
cIf/ hf8] ]/ tyf lems/] , yk]/ / kl/jtg{ zAbsf] ;?' / cGTodf p:t} p:t} Wjlg tyf zAbsf] ;'? / cGTodf p:t} p:t} Wjlg tyf
u//] zAb lgdf{0f / zAbsf cIf/ ljefhg ;dfg ;+/rgf ePsf zAbsf] klxrfg / ;dfg ;/+ rgf ePsf zAbsf] klxrfg /
;dfg c;dfg ;+/rgf ePsf zAbsf] ;r" L n]vg ko| f]u
lgdf{0f zAb zAbsf] hf]8fO jf 56' \ofO zAb zAbsf] hf8] fO jf 5'6o\ fO
dn" zAbsf cufl8 Pjd\ k5fl8 cfPsf dn" zAbsf cufl8 Pjd\ k5fl8 cfPsf
xnGt tyf ;+oS' t Jo~hg j0f{ / n]Vo
;ªs\ t] sf] ko| f]u Wjlgsf] hf8] fO / 5'6\ofO Wjlgsf] hf8] fO / 56' o\ fO
nV] o j0fs{ f] ljljwtf Vofn u/L zAbsf] rGbl| aGb' - F_, lz/laGb' - +_ / lj;u{ - M rGbl| aGb' - F_, lz/laGb' - +_ / lj;u{ - M
;ª\st] g, lj;ª\st] g / k|ofu] _ sf] ko| f]u _ sf] ko| f]u
nV] o j0fs{ f] ljljwtf Vofn u/L zAbsf] n]Vo j0fs{ f] ljljwtf Vofn u/L zAbsf]
;ª\st] g, lj;ªs\ ]tg / ko| fu] ;ªs\ t] g, lj;ª\st] g / ko| fu]
;ªs\ t] s -yfK] nf, ;ª\s]t, j0f{ / cª\s_ zAb, jfSo / cgR' 5]bsf] cg'n]vg tyf zAb, jfSo / cg'R5b] sf] cg'n]vg tyf
af6 j0f{sf] 9frF f lgdf{0f >'ltn]vg >'ltnv] g
58s\ ,] l;wf / uf]nf] /]vf sf/] fO kZ| gfQ] / / cGo 9fFrfdf lnlvt kf7ut k|ZgfQ] /, aFb' f l6kf6] / efj
lrq tyf cfsl[ tdf /ª e/fO kl| tljm| of lj:tf/
j0f,{ zAb, jfSo / cg'R5b] sf] cg'nv] g
ljifoj:t'sf] l;nl;nf tyf jm| d ldnfg ljifoj:ts' f] l;nl;nf tyf jm| d ldnfg
tyf >'ltn]vg kf7ut kfq tyf ;Gbe{ kl/jtg{ u/L ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df zAbe/0f / jfSo
ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df zAbe/0f / jfSo
kg' n]{vg k/" 0f
k/" 0f lgwf{l/t zLif{s tyf ljifoj:t'sf kf7ut kfq tyf ;Gbe{ kl/jt{g u/L
kZ| gf]Q/
lgwfl{ /t zLif{s tyf ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df cfwf/df lgb]{lzt / :jtGq /rgf kg' nv]{ g
ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df zAbe/0f / jfSo k/Dk/fut d"NodfGotfk/s cg'R5]b
lgbl{] zt nv] g
k/" 0f nv] g
:jtGq /rgf sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f / n]Vo lrxg\ sf] lgwf{l/t ljifoj:ts' f] df}lns jfSodf
ko| fu] u/L n]vg cEof; kg' syg{
lgwf{l/t zLifs{ tyf ljifoj:ts' f sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f / nV] o lrx\gsf]
cfwf/df lgbl]{ zt nv] g k|ofu] u/L nv] g cEof;
:jtGq /rgf lgwf{l/t zLif{s tyf ljifoj:t'sf
cfwf/df lgb{]lzt nv] g
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 11
:jtGq /rgf
$= zAbe08f/ $=! zAb j:t' jf lrqsf] gfd, ;Ddfgafw] s b}lgs k|of]u x'g] zAb, zLif{ zAb / lgb]l{ zt zAbsf j0fx{ ¿ k|of]u u/L gofF
/ e08f/ zAbsf] pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w / k|of]u ljifoIfq] ut zAbsf] pRrf/0f, cy{af]w / zAbx¿ lgdf0{ f
sfod{ "ns
Jofs/0f b}lgs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw zAb, k|of]u kof{ojfrL, ljk/LtfyL{ / w]/} cy{ lbg]
zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ª\s]ts zAbsf] cy{ ;fdLKo ePsf zAbx¿ -6;' 'Ss a:g', zAbsf] klxrfg / ko| fu]
pRrf/0f, cy{af]w / ko| f]u d;' 'Ss xf:F g'nufot_ klxrfg, pRrf/0f, lgbl]{ zt zAbsf] pRrf/0f, cy{afw] /
wf/0ff / ZfAbnfO{ l;sfOdf pkofu] cy{afw] / k|of]u k|ofu]
gofF zAbsf] klxrfg, cy{af]w / ko| f]u kf7af6 gofF zAb klxrfg, pRrf/0f, ljBfnodf k|of]u ul/g] j:t' hgfpg]
cfgf] k/Dk/fut dN" odfGotfsf af/]df cy{afw] / ko| fu] zAbsf] klxrfg, pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w /
5nkmn ;d"xafw] s zAbsf] pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w / ko| f]u
ko| f]u kf7af6 gofF zAb klxrfg, pRrf/0f,
k7g ;fduL| , cg'ej / cEof;sf cy{afw] / k|ofu]
cfwf/df gofF zAb pRrf/0f, cya{ fw] / ;Gbe{ut ko| f]udf cfpg] zAbsf]
k|ofu] pRrf/0f, cya{ fw] / ko| f]u
;f:+ s[lts ;Gbed{ f k|ofu] xg' ] zAb cfkm\gf] k/Dk/f / /Lltl/jfhsf] j0fg{
;ª\sng, pRrf/0f / k|ofu] k7g ;fduL| , cg'ej / cEof;sf
:yfgLo ¿kdf k|rlnt zAbx¿sf] ko| f]u cfwf/df gofF zAb pRrf/0f, cy{af]w /
;Ddfgafw] s zAbsf] ko| f]u k|of]u
afn zAbsf]zsf] k|ofu]
;Ddfgaf]ws zAbsf] ko| f]u
$=@ sfo{dn" s kb;ªu\ lt -lnªu\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/_ kb;ª\ult -lnªu\ , jrg, k'?if / cfb/_ kb;ª\ult -lnªu\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/_
Jofs/0f lj|mofsf sfn / kIf ljm| ofsf sfn / kIf lj|mofsf sfn / kIf
n]Vo lrx\g k|of]u -k0" fl{ j/fd, cNklj/fd, nV] o lrxg\ ko| fu] -k0" f{lj/fd, cNklj/fd, n]Vo lrx\g ko| f]u -k"0fl{ j/fd, cNklj/fd,
k|Zgjfrs, lj:doflbafw] s / p4/0f kZ| gjfrs, lj:doflbafw] s / p4/0f k|Zgjfrs, lj:doflbaf]ws / p4/0f
lrxg\ _ lrxg\ _ lrx\g_
!)=@ ul0ft
-s_ kl/ro
ul0ftLo 1fg, l;k / clej[lQ bl} gs hLjgsf lj|mofsnfkx¿;uF k|ToIf ;DalGwt x'G5g\ . ul0ftn] dflg;df ;dfnf]rgfTds ¿kn] ;f]Rg], tfls{s
lg0f{o lbg,] bl} gs hLjgdf cfpg] ;d:ofx¿nfO{ ;dfwfg ug]{nufot kf| Kt ;"rgfsf] k:| t'lt, ljZn]if0f / pkof]usf nflu cfjZos l;kx¿sf]
ljsf;df ;xof]u k¥' ofp5F . lg/Gt/ ljsf; xb'F } u/]sf / dflg;sf] b}lgs hLjgdf ko| fu] df cfpg] ljleGg j:t,' ;fwg, oGq cflbnfO{ k|of]udf
Nofpg tyf j1} flgs cGj]if0f / cg';Gwfgsf nflu klg ul0ftLo 1fg / l;k ckl/xfo{ xG' 5 . ;dfhsf ;fdflhs, cflys{ , /fhgLlts, j1} flgs,
efu} f]lns, P]ltxfl;snufot dfgj hLjgsf ;Dk"0f{ kIf;uF ;DalGwt / tT;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ ljifox¿sf] cWoogsf nflu ;d]t ul0ftLo 1fg / l;k
cTofjZos 5 . ul0ft ljifosf] o; kf7o\ jm| dn] ljBfyLx{ ¿sf b}lgs hLjg;Fu ;DalGwt lj|mofsnfkx¿ ;~rfng ug{ / ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
cfjZos Go"gtd ul0ftLo 1fg, l;k / clej[lQsf] ljsf; u/fpg] nIo lnPsf] 5 . To;} u/L o; kf7\oj|mdn] sIff # sf] k9fOkl5 sIff $ df
k9g\ sf nflu k"jfw{ f/sf ¿kdf cfjZos ul0ftLo 1fg / l;ksf] ljsf; u/fpg] nIo klg /fv]sf] 5 . o;sf nflu kf7o\ j|mdnfO{ ljBfyLx{ ¿sf]
cfjZostf Pjd\ ?lrcg;' f/ ;fdlos, pkofu] L / Jojxf/d"ns agfpg] ko| f; ul/Psf] 5 .
ljBfno lzIffsf] d"n b:tfjh] sf] ¿kdf /x]sf] /fli6«o kf7\oj|md k|f¿k, @)&^ df cfwf/et" txsf] sIff ! b]lv # ;Dd PsLs[t kf7o\ jm| d 9fFrf
cjnDag ug]{ gLlt lnOg] Joj:yf ePcg';f/ ljleGg Ifq] af6 k|fKt ;e' mfjx¿ ;d]tsf cfwf/df ax'ljifos 9frF fsf] PsLst[ kf7o\ jm| dcGtut{
ul0ftLo ljifoj:t' klg ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . ljBfyLx{ ¿df ;d:of ;dfwfg ug]{, ts{ k|:t't / k'li6 ug,{] ;fdu|Lsf] 5gf]6 / u0fgf ug{,] l;ss] f
s'/fnfO{ gofF cj:yfdf ko| fu] ug{] h:tf l;kx¿sf] ;fy} Jojxf/s'zn l;k ljsf; ug{] u/L ul0ft ljifosf] kf7\ojm| dnfO{ PsLs[t 9frF fdf k|:t't
ul/Psf] 5 . of] ljifosf] k7gkf7gsf nflu sIff !, @ / # k|Tos] df kf7o\ ef/ $ / jflif{s sfo{306f !@* 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .
cfwf/e"t txcGtut{ sIff !–# sf] ul0ftdf Hofldlt, ;ªV\ ofsf] 1fg, ul0ftsf cfwf/e"t lj|mofx¿, gfk / ;fwf/0f uf| km u/L kfFrcf]6f ljifoIfq]
;d]l6Psf] 5 . oL ljifoIf]qcGtut{ sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ ljleGg ax'ljifos / ljifos ljifoIfq] df ;ª\ul7t u/L PsLst[ ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ txut ;Ifdtf
sIff !–# sf] ul0ft ljifo cWoogkZrft ljBfyL{x¿df lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtfx¿ ljsf; x'g] 5g\ M
1. bO' { cfoflds HofldtLo cfsl[ tx¿sf] klxrfg, dfkg / /rgf
2. kfrF cª\s;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofnfO{ bj] gfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofªs\ k|ofu] u/L b}lgs hLjgdf k|ofu]
3. :yfgLo ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltsf] k|of]u
4. leGgsf] cjwf/0ff afw] / t'ngf ug]{ Ifdtf ljsf;
5. ul0ftLo cfwf/e"t lj|mofx¿sf] k|ofu] u/L b}lgs hLjgsf ;d:of ;dfwfg
12 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
6. pko'St ;fduL| tyf PsfO k|ofu] u/L j:tx' ¿ tyf ;dosf] JofVof tyf b}lgs hLjgsf ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ko| f]u
7. gk] fnL db' f| lrg]/ b}lgs lx;fa ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf ljsf;
8. ;fwf/0f u|fkm / tflnsfaf6 hfgsf/L xfl;n
9. ul0ftLo 1fg, l;k, ;fr] / clej[lQsf] ljsf; tyf bl} gs hLjgdf k|ofu]
-u_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
tflnsf * M ul0ft ljifosf sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
sIff ! sIff @ sIff #
1= :yfgsf] cfwf/df j:t'x¿nfO{ leq / aflx/, 1= 7f]; j:tx' ¿ -h:t} M l;Gsf, tf/, af;F , lsnf, 1= lbOPsf] j:ts' f] lsgf/f jf /]vfv08sf] gfk
cufl8 / k5fl8, tn / dfly, bfof,F afofF / afF;sf rfo] f, 8f/] L, cflb_ sf] ko| f]u u/L lqeh' / lng / lbOPsf] gfksf] /]vfv08 lvRg
lar, glhs / 6f9f 56' \ofpg rte' {h' sf cfsf/x¿ agfpg
2= j/k/ kfOg] 7f;] j:t'df ag]sf sf0] fx¿
2= l;wf /v] f / jj|m /]vf klxrfg ug{, 6«]; ug{ 2= lqe'h, rt'eh'{ / j[Qsf cfsf/x¿ 6]«; ug{ b]vfpg
/ lrq sfg] { 3= eh' f / s'gfsf cfwf/df lqe'h / rte' h'{ sf]
3= ?n/sf] ko| fu] u/L sf0] fx¿ lvRg, gfd n]Vg /
3= cfgf] j/k/ kfOg] HofldtLo cfsf/x¿ cjwf/0ff ljsf; ug{ tn' gf ug{
-lqe'h, rte' {'h / j[Q_ lrGg 4= bj] gfu/L / lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofªs\ g k4ltdf
4= ;dsf0] f klxrfg ug{
4= bj] gfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !))) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ :yfgdfg 5= l;wf lsgf/f (straight edge) ePsf] j:t'
!)) ;Dd uGtL ug{, k9g\ , nV] g / tn' gf ug{ tflnsfdf k|:t't ug,{ :yfgdfg eGg, k9\g /
n]Vg / l;;fsnd k|ofu] u/L lqeh' / rt'e{'h lvRg
5= bj] gfu/L / lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf 5= !)) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ b]jgfu/L / lxGb' / gfd n]Vg
Ps bl] v aL;;Ddsf ;ªV\ of cIf/df n]Vg . c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf -cIf/df_ tLg 6= cfotfsf/ / jufs{ f/ ;tx klxrfg ug{
cª\s;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ :yfgdfg tflnsfdf 7= kfrF cªs\ ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ b]jgfu/L /
6= 7f;] j:t'sf] ko| fu] u/L ! b]lv @) ;Ddsf k|:tt' ug,{ :yfgdfg eGg, k9\g / nV] g lxGb' c/]las ;ª\Vofª\sdf :yfgdfg tflnsfdf
;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ hf/] / lahf]/ ;ªV\ ofdf 6= tLg cª\s;Ddn] ag]sf ;ª\Vofx¿df hf/] / k|:tt' ug{, :yfgdfg eGg, k9\g / nV] g
juLs{ /0f ug{ lahf]/ ;ªV\ of klxrfg ug{ 8= !))) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ b]jgfu/L / lxGb'
7= tLg cª\s;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ t'ngf u/L c/l] as ;ª\Vofª\sg k4ltcg';f/ cIf/df k9\g
7= klxnfb] l] v b;fF;} Ddsf :yfg klxrfg a9\bf] jf 36\bf] jm| ddf k9g\ / nV] g - / nV] g
ug{ tLgcf]6f;Dd dfq_ 9= ;ª\Vofsf] 9fFrf klxrfg ug{
8= l;ªu\ f,] cfwf / Ps rfy} fOsf] cjwf/0ffsf] 10= rf/ cª\s;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ a9\bf] jf 36\bf]
8= of]ukmn @) ;Dd cfpg] tLgcf6] f ;Dd cfwf/df j:t'x¿sf] t'ngf ug{ j|mddf k9g\ / nV] g
;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ 9= of]ukmn !,))) ;Dd cfpg] tLg cªs\ ;Ddsf 11= rf/ cª\s;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ ;ªs\ ]tx¿ =,
;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf]8 ug{ >, < ko| f]u u/L t'ngf ug{
9= xft nfuL gcfpg] / of]ukmn !)) ;Dd cfpg] 10= tLg cªs\ ;Ddsf] ;ª\Vofsf] 36fp ug{ 12= :yfgLo ;ª\Vofªs\ g k4ltdf @) ;Dd k9g\ /
b'O{cf6] f ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ 11= u0' fgnfO{ bf]xf]l/Psf] hf8] sf] ¿kdf JoSt ug{ nV] g
12= !) ;Ddsf] u'0fg tflnsf lgdf0{ f ug{ 13= cfwf, Ps rf}yfO, tLg rf}yfO, Ps ltxfO / bO' {
10= 7f;] j:ts' f] k|ofu] u/L @) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf] 13= !) ;Ddsf] u0' fgtflnsfdf cfwfl/t /x]/ bO' { ltxfOnfO{ leGgsf] ¿kdf nV] g
36fp ug{ cª\s;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofnfO{ !) ;Ddsf] ;ª\Vofn]
lgzi] f efu hfg] efu ug{ 14= leGgx¿ , , , , nfO{ ;fduL| k|of]u u/L
11= ;fk6L lng gkg]{ b'O{ cª\s;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofsf] 14= 38L x/] L 306f / ldg]6df ;do eGg / nV] g
36fp ug{ 15= Sofn]G8/ x]//] sg' } lbgsf] ldlt -;fn, dlxgf, bv] fpg
ut] / af/_ eGg / nV] g 15= lrqåf/f dflysf leGgx¿dWo] s'g} bO' { cf]6f
12= b}lgs lj|mofsnfkx¿sf ;do eGg 16= ?= !))) ;Ddsf l;Ssf tyf gf]6 lrGg
13= xKtfsf lbgx¿ eGg / n]Vg 17= ¿kfGt/ ug{ gkg]{ d'bf| ;DaGwL hf]8 / 36fp ug{ leGgx¿ t'ngf ug{
14= rng rNtLdf /x]sf ?= !)) ;Ddsf gk] fnL 18= nDafOsf] gfksf] kf| dfl0fs PsfOsf] klxrfg / 16= of]ukmn !),))) ;Dd cfpg] rf/ cª\s;Ddsf
?n/sf] ko| fu] u/L j:ts' f] gfk ;]lG6ld6/ /
l;Ssf tyf gf6] lrGg ldlnld6/ :s]ndf k9\g ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ug{
15= ck|fdfl0fs gfkf]sf] ko| fu] u/L 7f]; j:tx' ¿ 19= ljleGg j:ts' f] nDafO ;]lG6ld6/ :s]ndf cg'dfg 17= hf8] / 36fplarsf] ;DaGw klxrfg ug{
ug{, gfKg / k'li6 ug{ 18= rf/ cª\sn] ag]sf ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] 36fp ug{
gfKg / To;sf] cfwf/df cUnf] / xfr] f,] nfdf] 20= lsnf]uf| d / uf| dsf] ;DaGw atfpg 19= tLg cª\s;Ddsf] ;ª\VofnfO{ b'O{ cªs\ ;Ddsf]
/ 5f]6f] 5'6o\ fpg 21= !)) u|fd bl] v ! lsnfu] f| d;Ddsf] kf| dfl0fs
16= lrqu|fkmaf6 hfgsf/L lng / lbg 9ssf] ko| fu] u/L j/k/sf j:ts' f] tf}n lng ;ª\Vofn] u0' fg ug{
22= ;dfg ks| l[ tsf ef8F fx¿sf] cjnfs] g u/L Ifdtf 20= tLg cªs\ ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofnfO{ !) ;Ddsf]
tn' gf ug{
23= ljleGg efF8f]x¿sf] Ifdtfsf] cg'dfg ug{ / ;ª\Vofn] efu ug{
ckf| dfl0fs gfkf]åf/f kl' i6 ug{ 21= 38L x/] L 306f, ldg]6 / ;]sG] 8df ;do eGg
24= ;dfg ks| l[ tsf sg' } bO' {cf]6f ;txsf] cjnfs] g
u/L If]qkmn t'ngf ug{ . / nV] g
25= lbOPsf] tflnsfaf6 hfgsf/L lng lbg 22= ;dosf PsfOx¿larsf] ;DaGw klxrfg ug{
26= lbOPsf] lrqu|fkmaf6 ;b:ox¿sf] ;ªV\ of ug/]
tflnsfdf k:| tt' ug{ -jif{, dlxgf, xKtf, lbg, 306f, ldg]6 / ;]s]G8_
23= sg' } sfddf nfus] f] ;do kQf nufpg
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 24= ?lkofnF fO{ k;} fdf / k};fnfO{ ?lkofdF f ¿kfGt/
ug{
25= d'bf| ;DaGwL hf]8 / 36fp ug{
26= ld6/, ;]lG6ld6/ / ldlnld6/sf] ;DaGw atfpg
27= ljleGg j:t'sf] nDafO ld6/ jf ;]lG6ld6/
:s]ndf cgd' fg ug{, gfKg / kl' i6 ug{
28= ld6/nfO{ ;l] G6ld6/ / ;l] G6ld6/nfO{
ldlnld6/df ¿kfGt/ ug{
29= j:tx' ¿sf] tf}nsf] cg'dfg ug{ / gfkåf/f olsg
13
ug{
30= lsnfu] f| dnfO{ uf| ddf ¿kfGt/ ug{
31= ln6/ / ldlnln6/sf] ;DaGw atfpg
32= ljleGg Ifdtfsf efF8fx¿sf] Ifdtf ln6/ /
ldlnln6/ PsfOdf gfk lng
33= ln6/ / ldlnln6/;DaGwL] hf8] / 36fp ug{
34= ju{ sf7] fx¿sf] ;ªV\ of ug]/ jufs{ f/ jf
cfotfsf/ ;dtnLo ;txsf] If]qkmn kQf
nufpg
35= lrqu|fkm agfpg
-3_ ljifoj:t' tyf ltgsf] If]q / j|md tflnsf ( M ul0ft ljifosf] ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] / jm| d
ljifoIfq] sIff ! c=3= sIff @ c=3= sIff # c=3=
!= Hofldlt :yfgut cjwf/0ff -leq / aflx/, !$ 7f;] j:tx' ¿ -h:t} M l;Gsf, tf/, * lbOPsf] j:ts' f] lsgf/f jf /v] fv08sf] !^
cufl8 / k5fl8, tn / dfly, bfofF, afF;, lsnf, af;F sf rfo] f, 8f/] L, gfk / lbOPsf] gfksf] /]vfv08
afofF / lar, glhs / 6f9f_
cflb_ sf] ko| f]uaf6 lqe'h / rt'eh'{ 7f]; j:t'df ag]sf sf]0fx¿
l;wf /]vf / jjm| /v] f sf cfsf/x¿ lgdf{0f sf0] fx¿sf] lgdf{0f, gfd / t'ngf
HofldtLo cfsf/x¿ -lqeh' , rte' h'{ / ;dsf]0f klxrfg
lqeh' , rt'e'{h / j[Qsf cfsf/x¿sf] l;wf lsgf/f (straight edge) ePsf]
j[Q_ 6];«
j:t' / l;;fsndsf] ko| fu] af6 lqeh'
e'hf / sg' fsf cfwf/df lqe'h / / rte' h'{ lgdf{0f / gfd
rt'e{h' sf] cjwf/0ff ljsf;
cfotfsf/ / juf{sf/ ;tx klxrfg
@= ;ªV\ ofsf] b]jgfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as ;ª\Vofª\sg $& bj] gfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as !* kfFr cªs\ ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] !#
1fg k4ltdf !)) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿ -
-s_ k0" f{ ;ª\Vofª\sdf_ ;ªV\ ofªs\ g k4ltdf !))) ;Ddsf b]jgfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as ;ª\Vofªs\ g
;ªV\ of
b]jgfu/L / lxGb' c/l] as ;ª\Vofª\sg ;ª\Vofx¿sf] :yfgdfg tflnsf, k4ltdf :yfgdfg tflnsf, :yfgdfg /
k4ltdf Psb]lv aL;;Dd -cIf/df_
:yfgdfg / ;ªV\ ofª\sx¿ ;ª\Vofªs\ x¿
!)) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ !))) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ bj] gfu/L
b]jgfu/L / lxGb' c/]las / lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf
;ª\Vofªs\ g k4ltdf -cIf/df_ -cIf/df_
;ªV\ ofsf] 9frF f
@) ;Ddsf hf/] / lahf]/ ;ªV\ ofx¿ & tLg cª\s;Ddsf hf]/ / lahf/] & rf/ cªs\ ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] a9\bf] (
b;fF} :yfg;Ddsf j|mdfTds ;ªV\ ofx¿ ;ª\Vofx¿ jf 36b\ f] jm| d
tLg cª\s;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] rf/ cª\s;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] t'ngf -
tn' gf / a9b\ f] jf 36b\ f] j|md tLgcf]6f;Dd dfq_
-tLgcf6] f;Dd dfq_
:yfgLo ;ª\Vofª\sg k4ltdf @)
;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿
-v_ leGg l;ª\uf,] cfwf / Ps rfy} fOsf] & cfwf, Ps rfy} fO, tLg rf}yfO, Ps (
cjwf/0ffsf] cfwf/df j:tx' ¿sf] ltxfO / b'O{ ltxfO leGg
t'ngf
leGgx¿ , , , , nfO{ ;fduL|
ko| fu] u/L bv] fpg
lrqåf/f dflysf leGgx¿dWo] s'g}
bO' {cf]6f leGgx¿sf] tn' gf
#= ul0ftsf ofu] kmn @) ;Dd cfpg] tLgcf]6f ;Dd @% of]ukmn !,))) ;Dd cfpg] tLg !@ ofu] kmn !),))) ;Dd cfpg] rf/ *
cfwf/et" cª\s;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8]
lj|mof ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] cªs\ ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] -s'g} tLgcf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿ dfq_
-s_ hf8]
xft nfuL gcfpg] / ofu] kmn !)) ;Dd -s'g} tLgcf]6f ;ªV\ ofx¿ dfq_
cfpg] bO' {cf6] f ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8]
-v_ 36fp 7f]; j:ts' f] k|ofu] u/L @) ;Ddsf !( tLgcªs\ ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofsf] 36fp !! hf8] / 36fplarsf] ;DaGw !)
;ª\Vofsf] 36fp
rf/ cª\sn] ags] f ;ª\Vofx¿sf] 36fp
;fk6L lng gkg]{ b'O{ cª\s;Ddsf]
;ª\Vofsf] 36fp
-u_ u0' fg u'0fg / hf8] sf] ;DaGw !% tLg cªs\ ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofnfO{ bO' { !!
!) ;Ddsf] u0' fg tflnsf lgdf{0f cª\s;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofn] u'0fg
14 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
-3_ efu !) ;Ddsf] u0' fgtflnsfdf cfwfl/t !) tLg cªs\ ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofnfO{ !) !)
/x]/ bO' { cª\s;Ddsf] ;ª\VofnfO{ !) ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofn] efu *
$= gfk
-s_ ;do ;Ddsf] ;ªV\ ofn] lgzi] f efu hfg] &
efu (
-v_ db' f|
-u_ b}lgs lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] ;do % 38L x/] L 306f / ldg]6df ;do ^ 38L x]/L 306f, ldg6] / ;]s]G8df %
nDafO xKtfsf lbgx¿ SofnG] 8/ x]/]/ sg' } lbgsf] ldlt ;do &
-;fn, dlxgf, ut] / af/_ #
-3_ tf}n ;dosf PsfOx¿larsf] ;DaGw #
-jif{, dlxgf, xKtf, lbg, 306f, ldg6] / !@*
-ª_ Ifdtf ;]s]G8_
-r_ If]qkmn sg' } sfddf nfus] f] ;do
%= ;fwf/0f
uf| km rng rNtLdf /x]sf ?= !)) ;Ddsf # ?= !))) ;Ddsf l;Ssf tyf gf]6 ^ ?lkofFnfO{ k;} fdf / k;} fnfO{ ?lkofFdf
g]kfnL l;Ssf tyf gf]6 ¿kfGt/ ug{ gkg{] d'b|f;DaGwL hf8] ¿kfGt/
/ 36fp -sg' } Pp6f PsfOsf] dfq_
d'b|f;DaGwL hf]8 / 36fp
ckf| dfl0fs gfkfs] f] k|of]u / j:t'x¿sf] $ nDafOsf] gfksf] k|fdf0fLs PsfOsf] ^ ld6/, ;l] G6ld6/ / ldlnld6/sf]
nDafOsf] tn' gf -cUnf] / xfr] f], nfdf] / klxrfg / ?n/sf] ;l] G6ld6/ / ;DaGw
5f]6f]_ ldlnld6/ :sn] ljleGg j:ts' f] nDafO ld6/ jf
;l] G6ld6/ :sn] df cgd' fg, gfk / k'li6
ljleGg j:t'sf] nDafO ;]lG6ld6/
:sn] df cg'dfg, gfk / kl' i6 ld6/nfO{ ;]lG6ld6/ / ;]lG6ld6/nfO{
ldlnld6/df ¿kfGt/
lsnfu] f| d / uf| dsf] ;DaGw klxrfg ^ j:t'x¿sf] tfn} sf] cgd' fg / gfkåf/f
!)) uf| d b]lv ! lsnf]u|fd;Ddsf] olsg
k|fdfl0fs 9ssf] ko| fu] u/L j/k/sf lsnfu] f| dnfO{ u|fddf ¿kfGt/
j:ts' f] tfn}
;dfg k|s[ltsf efF8fx¿sf] cjnf]sg & ln6/ / ldlnln6/sf] ;DaGw klxrfg
u/L Ifdtf t'ngf ljleGg Ifdtfsf efF8fx¿sf] Ifdtf
ljleGg efF8fx¿sf] Ifdtfsf] cg'dfg ln6/ / ldlnln6/ PsfOdf
/ ck|fdfl0fs gfkfå] f/f k'li6 ln6/ / ldlnln6/;DaGwL] hf8] /
36fp -sg' } Pp6f PsfOsf] dfq_
s'g} bO' c{ f6] f juf{sf/ jf cfotfsf/ $ ju{ sf7] fx¿sf] ;ªV\ of ug/] juf{sf/
;txsf] cjnf]sg u/L If]qkmn tn' gf jf cfotfsf/ ;dtnLo ;txsf]
If]qkmn
lrquf| km $ lbOPsf] tflnsfaf6 hfgsf/L ^ lrqu|fkm -;ªs\ ]tsf] ko| fu] u/L_
lbOPsf] lrquf| kmaf6 ;b:ox¿sf]
;ªV\ of ug/] tflnsfdf k|:tt'
hDdf !@* !@*
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 15
10.3 English
a. Introduction
The English language is a global lingua franca and is an appropriate international language for Nepal to be connected with
global community. It is not only the language of international communication but also a language of higher education, mass
media, information and communication technology (ICT), business, tourism, science and medicine. In the context of Nepal,
English is necessary for various purposes. To be specific, our learners need English to participate in classroom interactions; to
study course materials; to read things for pleasure and general information; to gain access to the world body of knowledge; to
read and enjoy a wide range of literary texts; to participate in international meetings, seminars and conferences; to communicate
with foreigners in general; to enhance their career development; to appreciate movies, plays, talks, radio and television
programmes, and many more. English is taught as a compulsory subject from grade one to the bachelor's level in Nepal.
Curriculum Development Centre (CDC) has recently developed the National Curriculum Framework (NCF), 2019 to address
the changed socio-political condition of the country and the current needs of the learner. Following the structure of NCF, this
curriculum has been designed for basic level (Grades 1-3) education in Nepal, with a view to catering to the immediate needs of
children learning English and building a basic foundation for their further studies in and through English. Moreover, it aims at
developing a comprehensive communicative competence on the part of the learners. It also includes the language functions
which the students need for real life communication and further studies.
The major focus of this curriculum is on language skills viz., listening, speaking, reading and writing. By the end of Grade 3,
children will be able to use English effectively in a limited set of situations. This curriculum is based on the principle that
children learn English better when they get ample exposure to spoken and written English and sufficient opportunity to use it in
stress-free environment. Therefore, it expects the child-friendly learning facilitation process from the teachers. Furthermore,
various soft skills appropriate for this level have also been included in the curriculum.
b. Competencies for Grades 1 - 3
By the end of grade three, students will have developed the competencies to:
1. demonstrate an understanding of simple spoken language
2. respond in simple English with intelligible pronunciation
3. use English for communication inside and outside the classroom
4. read simple texts for understanding and pleasure
5. express opinions, ideas and feelings using simple English
6. work with peers to learn language together.
c. Grade-wise Learning Outcomes for Grades 1-3
Table 10 M Grade-wise learning outcomes in English
Skill Grade One Grade Two Grade Three
Listening
1. Imitate, identify and discriminate 1. Identify and discriminate 1. Recognize, identify and produce
16 sounds. rhyming words. e.g. near →here.
sounds.
2. Identify words that have the 2. Comprehend words and simple
2. Identify words that have the same same initial, medial or final expressions.
sound.
initial, medial or final sound. 3. Listen and respond to a wide
3. Recognize, identify and variety of spoken stimuli (words,
3. Blend individual sounds in simple one- produce rhyming words. (e.g. sentences, questions, instructions,
cow →now) etc.) both verbally and non-
syllable words. (e.g. /s/ /i/ /t/ →sit) verbally.
4. Identify individual sounds in
4. Recognize, identify and produce words. 4. Follow the message in short
simple conversations.
rhyming words. (e.g. cat →bat, sat) 5. Comprehend words and simple
expressions. 5. Identify key information from a
5. Link an initial sound to a picture of an short speech or conversation.
6. Respond to the audio or the
object that begins with that sound (e.g. teacher verbally and non- 6. Find out specific information
Show a picture of a book and identify verbally. (names, dates, time, etc) from
the initial sound /b/). different kinds of simple spoken
7. Identify key information from a language.
6. Name a printed letter that matches with short speech or conversation.
7. Listen in order to participate in a
the sound (e.g. the teacher says /t/ and 8. Follow the message in short variety of short conversations.
the student points to the /t/ letter). simple conversations.
8. Perform a variety of listening
7. Match spoken words to printed words 9. Perform a variety of listening comprehension tasks.
comprehension tasks.
(e.g. the teacher pronounces /pin/, and 9. Listen and comprehend a range of
the student selects pin from a set of 10. Show an understanding of songs and stories with a variety of
three word cards). simple stories with visual clues.
8. Recognize and comprehend words and
simple expressions.
9. Respond to the audio or the teacher
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Speaking non-verbally and verbally. 1. Decode phonetically regular visual clues.
Reading
10. Respond to simple commands and and irregular words using letter 1. Produce words, phrases, simple
sound knowledge, e.g. rat, too,
questions. blank, house, have, said, where, sentences with intelligible
etc. pronunciation.
11. Perform different kinds of listening
2. Produce words, phrases, simple 2. Participate in short conversations.
tasks (e.g. drawing, matching, etc.). 3. Ask and answer a range of
sentences with intelligible
1. Imitate and produce sounds and words. pronunciation. questions.
2. Blend the initial sounds with other
3. Participate in short 4. Describe people, objects and
sounds, i.e. onset with rime. (e.g. c+at).
conversation with teachers and events using adjectives, adverbs
3. Pronounce grade appropriate words friends using simple English. and prepositions.
correctly. 4. Describe familiar objects, 5. Talk about present, past and future
4. Give basic personal information about persons and events using events.
simple adjectives and adverbs.
themselves (e.g. name, address, family, 6. Sing or recite a song/chant by
nationality) using short words and 5. Ask ans answer short, simple
phrases. listening to the teacher or an
questions. audio.
5. Ask and answer short, simple
6. Sing or recite a song/chant by 7. Make simple telephone
questions.
listening to the teacher or an conversation.
6. Sing or recite a song/chant by listening audio.
1. Decode two-syllabic words using
to the teacher or an audio. 7. Talk about present and past. letter-sound knowledge of
consonants, consonant blends and
7. Name people, objects and places and 1. Put sounds together to read diagraphs, short and long vowels,
words and sentences. and vowel digraphs.
describe them with adjectives.
2. Recognise and read words with 2. Recognise silent letters, e.g. e
1. Read small and capital letters. the help of the visuals. (home), b (comb), k (knee), gh
2. Put sounds together to read words and (right), w (write), t (often), l
3. Recognize and read high (walk), etc.
sentences. frequency words including
compound words 3. Read words correctly which have
3. Recognise and read familiar words initial consonant blends (thr, str,
4. Understand the meaning of scr), double consonants (tt, pp, rr,
accompanied by visuals grade appropriate words. gg, nn, ss, ll, ck), word endings
(ple, ble, dle, tle, ng, tch), and
4. Perform rhymes and chants with 5. Perform rhymes and chants diphthongs (ou,ow, oy, oi).
with appropriate rhyme and
appropriate rhyme and rhythm. rhythm. 4. Read multi-syllabic words
composed of roots, prefixes, and
5. Understand the meaning of grade 6. Read sentences and short suffixes.
paragraphs correctly.
appropriate words. 5. Read common abbreviations (e.g.,
7. Understand plurals (-s), verb Dr., Mr., AM, PM).
6. Read words, simple sentences and short tense, contractions and simple
comparatives. 6. Perform the rhymes and chants
paragraphs correctly with appropriate rhyme and
8. Show an understanding of rhythm.
7. Retrieve specific information from different kinds of reading texts
(stories, letters, etc.) 7. Read short texts silently and
simple sentences. retrieve specific information
9. Retrieve specific information (name, number, etc.).
8. Do different kinds of comprehension (names, number, etc) from
reading texts. 8. Read short texts silently and find
tasks (answering verbally, matching, out the main ideas and supporting
action, etc.) 10. Decode words correctly which details of the text.
have consonant diagraphs in
initial positions 9. Guess the meaning of unfamiliar
(th, sh, ch, wh), vowel words from contexts.
diagraphs (oo, ee, ea, oa, aw, ai,
ay), initial consonant blends 10. Consult a dictionary to find out the
(sw, sn, sk, bl, br, ch, cl, cr, dr, meaning of words.
fl, gl, ph, pl, pr, sh, sl, sm, sp,
st, th, tr, tw, wh, qu), and final 11. Retrieve required information
consonant blends (nd, nk, nt, from para-orthographic texts such
mp). as charts, tables, graphs and maps.
12. Read poems and short stories for
pleasure.
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Writing 1. Hold pencil correctly to gain control to 1. Write words in correct order to 1. Use capital letters, full stops and
draw lines, curves, circles, etc. form simple sentences. question marks correctly.
2. Develop hand-eye coordination through 2. Write dictated words, phrases 2. Connect sentences using simple
drawing lines and patterns. and sentences. coordinators (e.g. and, but,
3. Trace the letters and write them. 3. Use capital letters, full stops because).
4. Form lower and upper case letters of and question marks correctly. 3. Write in a simple paragraph about
regular size and shape. 4. Give basic personal oneself, people, places and things.
5. Write letters and words in a straight information in writing (e.g. 4. Write simple stories through
line from left to right with regular name, address, age, nationality, completion, matching with
spacing between words.
family information, etc.). pictures or ordering.
6. Copy letters and highly frequent
5. Express ideas in simple 5. Use correct spelling of words.
familiar words and phrases correctly 6. Use regular and irregular plural
and reproduce them. sentences.
nouns.
7. Combine and recombine different 6. Use correct spelling of words.
7. Use suffix -s/es to form plural 7. Use present (with/without -s/es)
letters to form words, and put the
words in correct order to form simple nouns. and regular past (-ed) forms of
sentences.
8. Use present (with/without -s/es) verbs
8. Use correct spelling of words.
9. Write simple phrases and sentences and regular past (-ed) forms of 8. Arrange words in alphabetical
independently. verbs. order.
10. Give basic personal information in 9. Connect sentences using simple 9. Use words in meaningful
writing (e.g. name, address, age, coordinators, (e.g. 'and' and sentences.
nationality).
'but'.) 10. Make compound words e.g.
11. Demonstrate good handwriting skills.
10. Demonstrate good handwriting roundtable, playground, etc.
skills. 11. Write very short simple messages.
12. Demonstrate good handwriting
skills.
d. Scope and sequence of the contents
Table 11M Scope and sequence of the contents for grade one
Theme Language Exponents/structures/ Activities Soft skills Time
1. Alphabet functions contents (in
- Upper case and lower case Decoding activities Problem solving hours)
2. Me and letters from Aa-Zz Phonemic and Active listening
my family Greeting and Team work 58
leave taking Good morning /afternoon graphophonemic awareness Communication
18 (name/children) activities 16
Introducing Hello, how are you? Pre- listening/reading/ Communication
I’m fine. Thank you. writing activities Team work
Talking about Bye/See you. Acting/role play Collaboration
home and Tracing Active listening
family I’m Ram. She’s Sita. Matching Taking care of
Hello, I’m Raj. Colouring/drawing
My name is Nima. Chants, rhymes and action oneself
songs Self-awareness
I’ve got two brothers. What’s Puzzles
your sister’s name? Her name
is Sarita. Drills
Mahesh is Ram’s brother. Chants, rhymes, and action
My father’s a farmer.
songs
Role Play
Conversation
Games
Conversation
Role play
Pair work and group work
Games
Describing family chart
Group discussion
Conversation
Drawing
Games
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3. My daily Talking about What day is today? Project work (family profile) Time 5
life days of the It's Monday. Question answer management 5
week Is it Monday? Chants/rhymes 4
Today is Friday. Dictation Managing daily
Ordering life 4
Expressing I can dance. Games 2
ability She can sing. Chants/rhymes Self-discipline
He can jump. Language games Self- 19
Question answer
Telling the It is 7 o'clock. Action/Role play management
time Demonstration Team work
Conversation Communication
4. Our Talking about She is drinking. Acting Self-awareness
school present He is dancing. Drawing Taking care of
actions I am writing. Games
Acting self
Giving simple Sit down. Games
commands Stand up! Matching pictures Communication
Come here. Acting/Role play Team work
Be quiet. Mimes/gestures Active listening
Games Self-awareness
Asking for May I play? Chants and rhymes
permission Yes, you can. Information
No, you can't. Acting/Role play management
Games
5. Our Identifying What’s this? Who’s this? It’s Question answer Respect for the
a book. This is Mrs. Thapa. Is Pair work environment
environment it a book? Yes, it is/No, it Drilling
isn’t. Conversation Respect for
Describing Question answer diversity
location The book is in the bag. Games
The bird is on the roof. Communication
Drilling Active listening
Identifying The rose is red. Asking and answering Responsibility
colours The banana is yellow. Demonstration Collaboration
The lotus is white. Games Team work
Demonstration
6. My Asking and Is this a flower? Picture description Integrity/honesty
belongings answering Yes, it is. Games Collaboration
'Yes/No' and What is this? Chants and rhymes Taking care of
'wh questions. This is a bird. Outdoor observation
Where do you live? Conversation one's belongings
Describing I live in Chitwan. Question answer Active listening
possessions Role play
This is my book. Games Tolerance
That is your pen. Chants and rhymes National identity
It is his/her house. Democratic
My uncle has a bicycle. Chants and rhymes
Pair work and group work participation
7. Our Asking and How old are you? Pictures/realia based Respect for
culture answering How old is Sita?
about age I’m six. She’s seven. activities diversity
Games Communication
Understanding It's my sixth birthday. Ordering preferences Building rapport
and using There are fifteen days in Question answer
numbers (one Dashain. Guessing games with others
to twenty) Acting/role play Intercultural skills
Picture description
Conversation
Interview
Matching
Games
Counting objects
Role play
Group work/pair work
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8. Talking about He is a pilot. Matching Communication 3
Communica jobs She is a doctor. Question answer Self-esteem 3
tion He is a shopkeeper. Role play Respecting
Technology He is a nurse. Building rapport
and Market Role play
Conversation with others
9. Fruits and Giving This is an apple. Chants and rhymes Multi-literacy
vegetables information That is a bag. Describing real objects
It is a book. skills
She is a student.
Communication
Information
management
Problem solving
10. Hobbies Expressing I like fruits. Drilling Creativity 2
and interests likes and I like dancing. Creative thinking
dislikes I like to read books. Drawing pictures Self-esteem 6
11. Birds I like milk. Communication
and animals Describing I don't like singing. Games Active listening 20
birds and 128
animals This is a big elephant. Matching Respect for the
The elephant has a big body. environment
The bird is flying. Question answer
Rama has black eyes. Communication
Mina is tall. Role play Critical thinking
Crow is a black bird. Describing
Mimicry
Games
Information gap tasks
Assessment, revision and remedial teaching. (This should be done in all the themes.)
Total
Table 12M Grade-wise Scope and sequence of the contents in English for Grade two
Theme Language Exponents/structures Activities Soft skills Time
1. Me and my functions (in
family Greeting and Good morning /afternoon Drills Taking care of hours)
leave taking (name/children) Chants, rhymes, and oneself
2. My daily life Hello, how are you? 20
Introducing others I’m fine. Thank you. action songs Self-discipline
20 Bye/See you Role play Self-awareness 15
Talking about Conversation Communication
ages She is Rita. Games Collaboration
This is my friend, Ramesh. Drills Self-discipline
Talking about This is my father. Chants, rhymes, and Sociability
home and family Decision making
How old is your father? action songs Honesty/integrity
Talking about He's thirty-five. How old Role play Self esteem
daily habits and are you? I'm seven years Conversation Sense of belonging
activities old. Language games
I’ve a big family. Question and answer Managing daily life
How many members are Conversation Time management
there in your family? Interview Making action
There are eight members in Games
my family. Describing family tree plans
Group work Team work
I get up at six o'clock Conversation
everyday. I walk to school Drawing a family tree
with my sister. I play with Games
my friends after school. Our Project work (e.g.
school starts at 10 o'clock.
making a family
profile)
Time table-based
activities
Completing an activity
grid
Conversation
Matching
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3. Our school Telling the time It is 7 o'clock. Making time table Communication 15
It is half past two. Demonstration Self-awareness 20
4. Our Describing past It is 10:30. Conversation Self-motivation
environment actions and events Acting
Bishnu bought a doll Card games Application
Talking about yesterday. She went to the Drawing Decision making
now park this morning. What did Telling stories Respect for others
you do yesterday/last Question-answer Communication
night/this morning? I went Sequencing and Collaboration
to the park yesterday. describing pictures Reading maps
We had sports day Drills
yesterday. Games
What are you doing now?
I'm doing my homework. Conversation
What is she doing? Question and answer
She is drawing a picture. Games
Listening and drawing
Giving and Don't run. Open your book. Games
responding to Fold the paper. Don't open Role play
commands and the window
instructions Describing pictures
The book is on the table. Games
Describing The pen is in the box. Drawing a picture
location The box is under the table. Spot the difference
Sima is sitting between
Mina and Nim.
Talking about How is the weather today? Role play Communication
weather It's Sunny. Describing pictures
It's cloudy. Matching pictures Collaboration
Describing people It's rainy. Question and answer
and places It's windy. Creativity
It's very cold. Describing pictures
Describing picture It's snowy. Matching pictures Respect for
Question and answer diversity
Understanding The man is tall.
and using The woman is fat. Picture description Respect for the
numbers (twenty She is slim. Games environment
one-fifty) My village is plain. Acting
There are six birds. There's Picture description
a tiger lying under the tree. Games
It is raining outside. The Outdoor visit
birds are flying.
How many birds are there?
There are twenty-two birds.
There are fifty people.
5. My Asking for and What is he wearing? A blue Picture description Information
belongings management
giving shirt. What is he carrying? Information gap tasks
information about He is carrying a stick. Role play Communication 5
immediate She has a big ring. Question-answer Collaboration 10
possession Conversation Consumer skills
21
Games Time management
Making action
6. Our culture Talking about January is the first month of Calendar-based
months of the the year. activities plans
year May comes after April. Games Communication
There are 12 months in a Chants and rhymes
Talking about year. Question and answer
jobs
He is a farmer. He grows Question and answer
vegetables. Role play
She is a nurse. She works in Field visit
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7. Asking for and hospital. Question and answer Communication 5
Communication giving He is a priest. Role play Time management
technology and information She is a nun. Chants and rhymes
market He is a monk.
What's this?
It's a camera.
Where do you buy clothes?
I buy them from the market.
8. Fruits and Describing The orange is yellow. Games Creativity 5
vegetables objects The tomato is green
The apple is red. Drills Organizational 5
9. Hobbies and The pumpkin is round. 10
interests The gourd is long. Matching skills
18
10. Birds and Describing pictures 128
animals
Drawing and colouring
Word puzzle
Spot the difference
Expressing likes I like dancing. Drawing Honesty/integrity
and dislikes I don't like singing.
I like to cook food. Realia-based activities Self-respect/self-
I enjoy drawing pictures.
Making a list esteem
Games
Question answer
Retelling stories Once there lived a fox. It Telling stories with Active listening
lived in a jungle. It was picture Communication
very clever. One day it ... Critical thinking
Ordering pictures and
making stories
Strip story
Story telling
Expressing ability The birds can fly. Acting/Role play
The tigers can't fly. Question and answer
The cows can't climb a tree. Songs and rhymes
The monkeys can jump.
Picture description
Assessment, revision and remedial teaching. (This should be done in all the themes.)
Total
Table 13M Scope and sequence of the contents for grade three
Theme Language Exponents/structures Activities Soft skills Time
1. Me and my functions (in
family hours)
Greeting and leave Good Role play Empathy
2. My daily life taking morning/afternoon/evening. Conversation 15
Hi! everyone. Drilling Awareness
22 Talking about Good morning to all. Question answer
occupations See you. Active
Good night. listening
Talking about home Have a sound sleep.
and family How are you? Role play
Making a job chart
What does your father do? Question answer
What's your mother?
My mother is a teacher. Role play
My brother is a farmer. Question and
answer
I have a small family. Describing pictures
How many members do you Drawing and
have in your family? describing a family
There are four members in my chart
family.
My family is a joint family.
Talking about future I will go to Pokhara Describing time Active 15
tomorrow. tables listening
I will get up early tomorrow.
Question and Collaboration
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3. Our school Apologizing He will come this evening. answer Communicatio 15
I will brush my teeth at 6 am. Drill n 15
Telling the time Conversation
I'm sorry. Flexibility and 11
Asking for and Sorry. Role play adaptability 11
giving permission Excuse me! Conversation 10
Drilling Responsibility
Interrupting or It's quarter past three. Decision 23
getting attention It's quarter to ten. Demonstration
It's ten to five. Question answer making skill
Drawing clock Taking
May I come in, teacher? Can I
sit down/have crayon/clean Role play initiatives
the board? Yes, of course. No, Question answer
I'm sorry. You can't. Conversation
Drill
Excuse me. Can I help you?
Excuse me please! Yes. Role play
Hello! Conversation
Drill
4. My Congratulating and Very good! Role play Communicatio
environment praising Well done! Conversation n
Describing people Congratulations! Drill Collaboration
and places Creativity
He is a tall man. Question answer Respect for
Talking about She is beautiful. Role play diversity
seasons He is taller than me. Outdoor activities Respect for the
The place is beautiful. Describing environment
Giving directions Kathmandu is a big city. pictures/realia
Information
The winter is cold. Describing weather management
The summer is hot. chart Communicatio
It rains in the monsoon. Question answer n
It's a rainy season. Describing pictures Collaboration
It snows in the winter.
Map Map reading
Turn left. reading/following Self-awareness
Turn right. a route
Go ahead. Ethical use of
Cross the road. Role play ICTs
Go East/ west /north / south. Conversation Operating
Listening and basic
5. My belongings Describing objects This is my pencil. I write with marking on simple electronic
it. map devices
6. Our culture Understanding and That is your book. It's old. Communicatio
using numbers (fifty Describing pictures
7. Communication one to hundred) I have fifty one balloons. Question answer
technology and We have eighty hens. Role play
market Narrating past I have a ball of thread. The
events thread is one hundred metres Role play
long. Question answer
Asking and We had a party last night. We
answering about went for a picnic last month. Describing number
past charts.
What did you do during the
Using the telephone holiday? Question answer
I went home to celebrate Story telling
Asking and Tihar. Strip story
What did people do in the last Picture story
Lhosar? Chain story
They sang and danced.
Hello! Who is speaking? Question answer
Hi. Can I talk to Ramesh? Describing pictures
Hello! Can I take your Role play
message? Story telling
Bye!
Thank you! Question answer
Do you like milk or tea? Role play
Simulation
Question answer
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answering with a Do you buy shorts or pants? Role play n
choice Do you want to go to the Describing pictures
cinema or to the park? Creativity
8. Fruits and Describing pictures I like milk. Question answer Organizational 6
vegetables I buy pants. Describing pictures skills
I want to go to the park. Picture discussion Communicatio 6
9. Hobbies and n
interests The orange is yellow. Describing real 6
The apple is sweet. objects 18
10. Birds and The mango is sour. 128
animals The bitter gourd is bitter.
The banana is big.
It's juicy.
Expressing likes I enjoy dancing. Question answer Honesty and
and dislikes I love music. Role play integrity
I hate crowd. Describing pictures Collaboration
Expressing ability I prefer tea to milk. Doing a survey and team work
I like to dance.
I don't like singing. Actions Independent
Drills learning
Can you swim? Yes, I can. Question answer
No, I can't. Fish can swim, Language game
but cats can't.
Assessment, revision and remedial teaching. (This should be done in all the themes.)
Total
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;dfwfgsf l;k ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ nIo lnPsf] 5 .
/fli6«o kf7\ojm| d kf| ¿k, @)&^ sf] ;+/rgfcg';f/ cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ df xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] ljifosf] kf7\oj|md thd'{ f ul/Psf] 5 . of] tx k/" f
ug{] afnaflnsfx¿n] cfkm\gf bl} gs hLjgdf cfOkg]{ sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{, ;d:ofx¿sf] ;dfwfg ug{ / ;fdflhs tyf Jofjxfl/s e"ldsf lgjfx{ ug{
Pjd\ jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo / tGb'?:tLk|lt ;rt] x'gs' f ;fy} cfkm\gf l;hg{ f / snf a'em]/ ;fc] g'¿k cl3 a9\g] cj;/ kf| Kt ug{ ;Sg] 5g\ . oL
ljifoj:ts' f cWoogn] dflyNnf sIffdf cWoogsf nflu cfwf/;d]t kb| fg ug{] 5 . o; ljifoIfq] sf] kf7o\ jm| ddf d"ntM ;fdflhs cWoog,
rfl/lqs ljsf;, lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s / l;hg{ fTds snf h:tf l;sfOsf Ifq] x¿sf ljifoj:t'nfO{ PsLs[t ul/Psf] 5 .
lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs cWoog, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf;DaGwL ljifoj:tn' fO{ PsLst[ :j¿kdf ljleGg
ljifoIf]qx¿df ;ªu\ l7t ugs'{ f] d'Vo p2]Zo ljifoj:tn' fO{ cGt/;DalGwt u/L l;sfOnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] bl} gs hLjg;uF ;DalGwt u//] l;sfOsf]
;fGbles{ tf j[l4 ug'{ xf] . hLjgsf b}lgs cfjZostfx¿ k/" f ug{ / kl/jlt{t ;fdflhs jftfj/0fcgs' n" c;n gful/ssf ¿kdf hLjgofkg ug{
afnaflnsfx¿ ;fdflhs / efl} ts jftfj/0f;uF kl/lrt eO{ ljutsf cge' jaf6 l;Sg, jt{dfg cj;/sf] vfh] df ;n+ Ug xg' / eljiokl| t ;rt]
/xg ;dfhsf] cWoog ug{' cfjZos ePsfn] oL kIfx¿ /xg] u/L ;fdflhs cWoogsf ljifoj:t' 5gf6] ul/Psf] 5 .
oL sIffdf ;fdflhs lzIffcGtut{ sf cfkm" / cfkm\gf] kl/jf/ tyf 5/l5ds] , xfd|f] k/Dk/f, ;fdflhs d"No / dfGotf, ;fdflhs ;d:of / ;dfwfg,
gful/s rt] gf, xfd|f] k[YjL, xfd|f] ljut / xfdf| ] cflys{ ljm| ofsnfk u/L ;ft ljifoIfq] df ljifoj:t' ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . xfd|f] ;]/fk] m]/f]sf]
cWoogn] afnaflnsfnfO{ cfkmn" ] cfkmn}F fO{ lrGg] / kl/jf/ / 5/l5ds] x¿df 3n' ldn u/fpg,] ;:+ s[lt tyf k/Dk/fb]lv :yflkt ;fdflhs
rfnrng, lgod cflb;Fu kl/lrt u/fpg], ;dfhdf ljBdfg ljleGg ;d:of / ljsl[ tx¿ x6fpgsf nflu ;xofu] L agfpg], c;n gful/sdf xg' k' g]{
dfgjLo u'0f, clwsf/ / st{Josf] klxrfg u/L ;fdflhsLs/0fdf hf8] lbg,] afnaflnsfx¿nfO{ cfkm" /x]sf] 7fpF, If]q, b]z cflbsf] efu} fl] ns
:j¿kkl| t kl/lrt u/fpg], cfkm" / cfkmg\ f] kl/jf/, ;d'bfosf ljutsf ;DaGwdf vf]lhlgtL ug{ k|]l/t ug{] / pgLx¿nfO{ ldtJooL eO{ kl/jf/ tyf
:yfgLo ;d'bfosf cfly{s lj|mofsnfksf af/d] f hfgsf/L lng k|]l/t ug{] ck]Iff ul/Psf] 5 . JolSt, ;dfh / /fi6s« f nflu c;n / bIf gful/s
tof/ ug{ afnaflnsfx¿df ;fg} pd]/b]lv lj1fg tyf k|ljlw / jftfj/0f;uF kl/lrt u/fO{ pgLx¿df j}1flgs ;f]r, lrGtg / clej[lQkl| t
;sf/fTds efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{ ljBfno lzIffsf] k|f/lDes sIffb]lv g} lj1fg tyf jftfj/0fsf ljifoj:t' ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . o;df j}1flgs
l;sfO, ;hLjx¿, jftfj/0f, kbfy{ / zlSt, k[YjL / cGtl/If ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 . afnaflnsfx¿df /xs] f cGtlg{lxt kl| tef, cge' j, l;h{gf
h:tf kIfnfO{ b[Zosnf / ;ª\uLtsnfsf] dfWodaf6 cleJoSt ul/g] l;knfO{ l;hg{ fTds snf elgG5 . o; ljifosf] dfWodaf6 afnaflnsfx¿n]
cfkm\gf] cge' l" t, cg'ej, l;hg{ fnfO{ :jtGq / df}lns ¿kn] cleJoSt ug{ ;Sg] agfpg' o; ljifosf] dn" p2Z] o /xs] f] 5 . l;h{gfTds
snfcGtu{t b[Zosnf -lrqsnf tyf x:tsnf_ tyf ;ªu\ Lt snf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . :jf:Yo lzIffn] JolStdf :jf:Yo;DaGwL 1fg, wf/0ff /
l;ksf] ljsf; u/L Jojxf/df ;sf/fTds kl/jt{g Nofpg dxŒjk"0f{ ofu] bfg lbG5 . To;n} ] ljBfno lzIffsf] cfwf/e"t txsf] k|f/Deb]lv g}
:jf:Yo lzIffnfO{ clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . cfwf/et" txsf] sIff !–# df :j:y hLjgzn} L, jftfj/0fLo ;kmfO, kfi] f0f tyf
:jf:Yo, /f]ux¿, ;'/Iff tyf k|fylds pkrf/, :jf:Yo ;j] f / w"dkfg tyf nfu' kbfy{ If]qx¿ ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5g\ . JolStsf] zf/Ll/s, dfgl;s,
;fdflhs / ;+ju] fTds kIfsf] ljsf; cyf{t\ ;jfª{ \uL0f ljsf;df ;xofu] k¥' ofpg] p2]Zon] zf/Ll/s lzIffcGtut{ sf ljleGg zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfk
tyf v]ns'b ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs cWoog, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;hg{ fTds snf ljifox¿nfO{ cGt/ljifos 9fFrf (Interdisciplinary
model) df PsLst[ u/L o;nfO{ xfd|f] ;]/f]km/] f] ljifoIfq] elgPsf] 5 . o; 9frF fdf PsLst[ ubf{ s]xL ljifoIfq] ;a} ljifodf cGt/;DalGwt x'g],
s]xL b'O{ jf bO' e{ Gbf a9L ljifodf cGt/;DalGwt x'g] / s]xL sg' } Ps ljifo;Fu dfq cGt/;DalGwt x'g] u/L ljifoIf]qx¿ (Themes) Jojl:yt
ul/Psf 5g\ . hDdf !) ljifoIfq] jf If]qdf ;ª\ul7t ul/Psf xfd|f] ;/] f]km/f] ljifoIf]qsf] kf7o\ jm| ddf ;dfj]z lj1fg tyf jftfj/0f, ;fdflhs
cWoog, :jf:Yo tyf zf/Ll/s lzIff / l;h{gfTds snf ljifox¿sf ljifout l;sfOIf]q / l;sfO pklAwx¿nfO{ cGt/ljifos 9fFrfdf PsLst[
ul/Psf] 5 . o; ljifoIf]qsf] l;sfO ;xhLs/0fdf :yfgLo kl/j]z / ;Gben{ fO{ ;d]6]/ o; ljifoIf]qcGtu{t /flvPsf ljifoj:tn' fO{ cGt/;DalGwt
ug{' cfjZos 5 . of] ljifosf] k7gkf7gsf nflu sIff !, @ / # k|Tos] df kf7o\ ef/ * / jflifs{ sfo3{ 06f @%^ 5'6\ofOPsf] 5 .
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 25
-v_ txut ;Ifdtf
sIff !–# ;Ddsf] xfdf| ] ;/] f]km/] f] ljifosf] cWoogkZrft\ ljBfyL{x¿n] lgDglnlvt ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{] 5g\ M
1. cfkm," cfkm\gf] kl/jf/sf] kl/ro tyf kl/jf/ / l5ds] Lsf] sfddf ;xofu]
2. vfgs] '/f / ;fdfgsf] htg / pkof]u
3. dn] ldnfk, ;xof]u, ;DfGjo, ;xeflutf h:tf ;fdflhs l;ksf] ljsf;
4. ljBfnodf x'g] lj|mofsnfkdf ;xeflutf / b3' {6gf Pjd\ ks| fk] kl| t ;r]ttf / ;fjwfgL
5. xfd|f ;fdflhs, ;f:+ s[lts ultljlwx¿sf] klxrfg, ;Ddfg / ;xeflutf
6. ;r" gf tyf ;~rf/ / oftfoftsf ;fwgsf] ;fdfGo lrgf/L / pkofu]
7. k[YjL / cfkmg\ f] j/k/sf] ef}uf]lns :j¿ksf] hfgsf/L / gS;fªs\ g
8. cfkm\gf] ;db' fodf ePsf ;fjh{ lgs ;DklQ / k|fsl[ ts ;Dkbfsf] ;/+ If0f / k|ofu]
9. cfkm\gf] clwsf/ / stJ{ okl| t ;r]tgf / ;fdflhs lzi6frf/ tyf lgodx¿sf] kfngf
10. sfdsf] ;Ddfg tyf ldtJolotf sfod / ;fdfGo cflys{ ljm| ofsnfksf] dxŒjafw]
11. zf/Ll/s Pjd\ dfgl;s l;k ljsf;;Fu ;DalGwt :yfgLo tyf cGo vn] x¿sf] cEof; / v]n ;fduL| sf] plrt ko| f]u
12. cfwf/et" zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfk / of]udf ;xeflutf / cEof; tyf :Jf:ys/ / ;/' lIft afgL ljsf;
13. bl} gs hLjgdf zlStsf ;|f]t, xfjf, kfgL cflbsf] ljz]iftf klxrfg / pkofu]
14. j/k/sf j:t', 36gf tyf df};dk|lt ;rt] tf
15. jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO, /f]u / :jf:Yok|lt ;rt] tf
16. ;ªu\ Lt tyf bZ[ osnfdfkmt{ l;h{gfTds k:| t'lt / ;Ddfg
17. la?jf / hgfj/x¿sf] nIf0f klxrfg, juL{s/0f, ;+/If0f / logLx¿sf] jftfj/0f;uF cGt/;DaGwsf] af]w
18. j}1flgs l;sfO / lj1fgsf k|ljm| ofut l;k tyf Jojxf/sz' n l;k ljsf;
19. sfuh / df6fsf] k|of]ujf6 j:ts' f] gdg' f lgdf{0f tyf :yfgLo j:t'af6 5kfO
-u_ sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
tflnsf !$ M xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] ljifoIf]qsf sIffut l;sfO pknlAw
sIff ! sIff @ sIff #
1= cfkm" / cfgf] kl/jf/sf] kl/ro lbg 1= cfkm\gf] kl/jf/k|lt ;sf/fTds Jojxf/ k|bzg{ ug{ 1= kl/jf/ / gft]bf/;uF c;n ;DaGw :yfkgf ug{
2= cfgf] kl/jf/ / ;d'bfosf] sfddf ;xof]u /
2= ;dx" ut ¿kdf afnuLtdf nodf v6' \6f / 2= cfgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:osf] sfd atfpg
z/L/ rnfpg / /]vfx¿ sfg] { ;Ddfg ug{
3= ;kmf / tfhf vfgs] '/f vfg] afgL a;fNg
3= ;kmf / tfhf vfgs] '/f vfg] afgL a;fNg 4= vn] f}gfsf] k|ofu] u/L jf gu/L vn] vN] g] cEof; ug{ 3= ;kmf / tfhf vfg]s/' f vfg] afgL a;fNg
4= cfgf] vn] fg} fsf] k|of]u u/L v]n vN] g] 4= ljleGg vn] vN] g] cEof; ug{
cEof; ug{ 5= l;sfO / ;/;kmfOsf nflu ;/;dfgx¿ ko| f]u ug{ 5= l;sfOsf nflu ;/;dfgx¿ k|ofu] ug{
6= cfwf/e"t zf/Ll/s ljm| ofsnfksf] cEof; ug{
6= cfpefp;lxt gT[ o ug{ / HofldtLo cfsl[ tx¿ agfpg 7= :j:ys/ / ;'/lIft afgL a;fNg
5= 3/fo;L ;fdfgsf] htgsf;fy pkof]u ug{ 7= cfwf/e"t zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfksf] cEof; ug{ 8= zlStsf ;f| t] x¿sf] ldtJooL pkof]u / ;/+ If0f ug{
6= cfwf/et" zf/Ll/s lj|mofsnfksf] cEof; 9= ;xof]u / ;Ddfgsf] Jojxf/ kb| zg{ ug{
ug{ 8= :j:ys/ / ;'/lIft afgL a;fNg 10= :jf:Yok|lt ;r]t eO{ Jojxf/df cjnDag ug{
9= zlStsf ;|ft] x¿sf] kl/ro lbg / bl} gs hLjgdf ko| fu] 11= hLjx¿;Fusf] cGt/lge{/tf / ltgLx¿sf] cgs' n" tf
7= :j:ys/ / ;'/lIft afgL a;fNg
ug{ ;DaGwdf ;';l" rt xg'
8= tfn ldnfP/ lx8g\ / cf}Fnf jf 5]:sfn]
sfuhdf :jtGq ¿kn] lrq agfpg 10= ;u+ Ltsf] tfndf z/L/ 3d' fpg / /ªu\ x¿ ld>0f ug{ 12= ljBfnodf x'g] zf/Ll/s s;/t, Jofofd, v]n /
11= ;xof]u / ;Ddfgsf] Jojxf/ k|bzg{ ug{ ;/;kmfO;DaGwL l;k k|bz{g ug{
9= bl} gs hLjgdf ko| fu] x'g] zlQmsf ;|ft] 12= :j:Yok|lt ;rt] eO{ Jojxf/df cjnDag ug{
klxrfg ug{ 13= hgfj/sf] juLs{ /0f ug{ / hLjx¿;uF sf] 13= sfuh 6f;F L ljleGg lsl;dsf cfs[lt agfpg
14= 3/, ljBfno / ;db' fodf 36g\ ] b3' {6gf /
10= ;xof]ufTds efjgfsf] ljsf; ug{ cGt/lge/{ tfsf pbfx/0f lbg
k|sfk] kl| t ;r]t /xg
11= cfkmg\ f] :jf:Yokl| t ;rt] x'g 14= ljBfnodf x'g] zf/Ll/s s;/t, Jofofd, v]n /
15= hgfj/ / jg:kltlar leGgtf 5'6\ofpg /
12= cfgf j/k/sf hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf, aRrf ;/;kmfO;DaGwL l;k ljsf; ug{ la?jfsf nIf0fx¿ klxrfg u/L juLs{ /0f ug{
klxrfg ug{ / ltgLx¿sf] x]/rfxdf ;xofu] 15= 3/, ljBfno / ;d'bfodf 36g\ ] b'36{ gf / k|sf]kk|lt
ug{ ;rt] /xg 16= j/k/sf jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO ;DalGw Jojxf/df
13= ljBfnodf xg' ] ljm| ofsnfkdf ;xefuL xg' kb| z{g ug{
14= 3/, ljBfno / ;db' fodf 36g\ ] b3' 6{ gf / 16= sfuhsf ljleGg cfs[ltx¿ agfpg
17= ;hLj / lghLj{ sf nIf0fx¿ ljleGg dfWooAff6 k|bzg{ 17= j/k/sf j:ts' f ljzi] ftfx¿ tyf 36gfx¿kl| t
ks| f]kkl| t ;r]t /xg lh1f;' eO{ cjnfs] g tyf k/LIf0f ug{
ug{
15= ;hLj / lghLj{ j:t'sf nIf0fx¿ klxrfg 18= ufog, jfbg tyf gT[ o;DaGwL kl| tef k|:t't ug{ /
u/L juLs{ /0f ug{ 18= la?jfsf nIf0fx¿ klxrfg u/L juL{s/0f ug{ ;Ddfg ug{
19= j/k/sf jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO ;DaGwL Jojxf/ k|bz{g
16= j/k/sf la?jfx¿ klxrfg u/L juLs{ /0f 19= lrq sf/] L /ª eg{ / df6f]af6 gd'gf lgdf{0f ug{
ug{ ug{ 20= cfgf ;f:+ s[lts lj|mofsnfkx¿;Fu kl/lrt eO{
17= j/k/sf] jftfj/0f ;/;kmfO ug{ /
Jojxf/df k|bzg{ ug{ 20= j/k/sf j:t'sf ljzi] ftfx¿ tyf 36gfx¿k|lt lh1f;' ;xefuL x'g
xg'
18= j/k/sf j:t' tyf 36gfsf] klxrfg ug{ 21= b}lgs hLjgdf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿sf] plrt /
19= ufog, jfbg tyf g[Toåf/f l;h{gzLntf 21= ufog, jfbg tyf gT[ oåf/f l;h{gzLntf cEof; ug{
22= lrq sf]/L /ª eg{ / df6f]af6 gdg' f lgdf0{ f ug{
23= cfgf ;fs+ l[ ts ljm| ofsnfkx¿;Fu kl/lrt eO{ ;xefuL
26 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
k:| t't ug{ x'g ;fjwfgLkj" {s k|ofu] ug{
22= :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] ko| fu] u/L ldtJooL x'g / art
20= lrq sf/] L /ª eg{ / df6f]af6 gdg' f lgdf{0f 24=bl} gs hLjgdf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿sf] ;fjwfgLk"j{s
ug{ k|ofu] ug{ ug{] afgL a;fNg
23= df};dsf] cj:yfk|lt ;r]t eO{ Jojxf/ kb| z{g ug{
21= cfgf ;fs+ l[ ts lj|mofsnfkx¿;Fu kl/lrt 25= :yfgLo pTkfbgsf] klxrfg u/L pkof]udf ldtJolotf 24= j/k/sf] efu} f]lns :j¿ksf] cjnfs] g u/L cj:yf
x'g ckgfpg
k|:tt' ug{
22= bl} gs hLjgdf ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿sf] 26= df};dcg¿' k Jojxf/ kb| zg{ ug{ / j/k/sf] ef}ufl] ns 25= ultzLn xfjf / kfgLsf ko| fu] k|bz{g ug{
klxrfg / xfl] ;of/Lkj" s{ ko| f]u ug{ :j¿ksf] ljj/0f lbg
23= oftfoftsf ;fwg / ahf/;Fu kl/lrt x'g 27= xfjf / kfgLsf efl} ts u'0fx¿;uF kl/lrt eO{
24= df;} dsf] cj:yf / j/k/sf] ef}ufl] ns pkofl] utf atfpg
:j¿k;Fu kl/lrt xg' 28= sfuhaf6 ljleGg cfs[ltsf tyf sfuh s6fO /
j:tx' ¿ agfpg / /ª\ux¿sf] ko| f]u u/L sfuhdf lrq
25= bl} gs hLjgdf xfjf / kfgLsf] pkofl] utf agfpg
atfpg
-3_ ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] / jm| d
tflnsf !% M xfdf| ] ;]/fk] m/] f] ljifoIfq] sf] ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] / j|md
ljifoIf]q sIff ! sfo{ sIff @ sfo{ sIff # sfo{
306f
!= d / d/] f] 306f 306f
kl/jf/
cfkm\gf] gfd, 7u] fgf / klx/g $) cfÇgf] sIffdf k9g\ ] ;fyLx¿sf] 3/ $) gftb] f/ / kfxg' fx¿sf] ;Tsf/ $)
kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿nfO{ pkoS' t 7]ufgf cfÇgf] / kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] gftf
clejfbg
5/l5d]sLsf] cfb/, ;Tsf/ ;DaGw
cfkmg\ f] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] gfd / cfÇgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] nufpg] cfÇgf kfl/jfl/s k[i7e"ld -k'vf{,
gftf klx/g k':tfut_
cfkme" Gbf ;fgfnfO{ dfof 3/kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿;Fu ;xofu] kl/jf/sf] sfddf cfkmn" ] ;s]sf] ;xof]u
cfkmg\ f] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿n] ug]{ cfkm" / cfgf] kl/jf/sf ;b:ox¿sf] ;d'bfosf ljleGg JolStx¿n] ug]{
dV' od'Vo sfd sfd -k];f_ / pd/] sfdsf] ;Ddfg
;fwf/0f afnuLtdf v6' 6\ f / z/L/sf] la/fdLnfO{ ;xof]u rfn, xfpefp / gT[ o
rfn ljleGg ks| f/sf vfgs] /' fsf] ;|ft]
rfn, xfpefp / gT[ o
cfkmn" ] vfg] vfg]s/' fsf gfd ;fsfxf/L / df;+ fxf/L vfgf
3/ / cfgf] j/k/ kfOg] vfg]s/' f
:yfgLo :t/df kfOg] ;kmf / tfhf :jf:Yos/ afgL
vfg]s/' f :yfgLo :t/df kfOg] xl/of] ;fukft
/ kmnk"mn xft ;dfO nv]6/] v]lng] v]nx¿
cfkm\gf] vn] f}gf / 3/df o;sf] ko| f]u lxF8fO / pkm| fO
v]ndf v]nfg} f / :yfgLo ;fdu|Lx¿
:yfgLo vn] ko| f]u tftF L / kªl\ Stdf pEofO
nfOgdf ldn]/ lxF8\g afgL z/L/ ttfpg] ;fdfGo s;/t ;fd"lxs ¿kdf sbd ldnfP/ lx8fO{
syfdf cfwfl/t v]nx¿ hf]8L hf]8Ldf lx8F fO syf j:t'df cfwfl/t ;/n clego
syfx¿df cfwfl/t v]nx¿
k]lG;n, rs, k:] 6n jf vl/sf] ko| f]u lglZrt lbzfdf xlkª
u/L df6] f, dl;gf, l;wf, afªF \ufl6ª\uf uf]nf,] RofK6f,] af6'nf] / nfDrf] cfsf/
/v] f lglZrt :yfgdf 6l] gSj6 -/a/ l/ª_ / cfsl[ t
km\ ofsF fO
cfkm\gf] 3/df ePsf ;/;fdfgx¿sf] ;fwf/0f pks/0fsf] cfjZostfcg;' f/
gfd / htg syfx¿df cfwfl/t vn] x¿ dfkgsf nflu k|of]u , k/LIf0f / lgisif{
;fwf/0f pks/0fsf] cjnf]sg / HofldtLo cfsf/df cfwfl/t ljleGg bl} gs hLjgdf k|of]u xg' ] ;/;dfgsf]
dfkg cfsl[ tx¿ /v] fªs\ g
3/fo;L b}lgs ko| f]usf
;/;fdfgx¿sf] gfd / lxkmfht
JolStut ;/;kmfOdf k|ofu] x'g]
;fdu|Lx¿
;fwf/0f pks/0fsf] cjnf]sg, dfkg
/ t'ngf
b}lgs hLjgdf k|of]u xg' ] ;/;dfgsf]
;fdfGo /v] fªs\ g
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 27
@= d/] f] b}lgs cfwf/et" ofu] cEof; -;'vf;g, $% cfwf/et" of]u cEof; -kt' nL cf;g, $) cfwf/et" of]u cEof; -eh' ª\uf;g, $)
hLjg lzz' cf;g / ;jf;g_ ah|f;g / jI[ ff;g_ kb\df;g, tf8f;g, cw{rGbf| ;g_
z/L/nfO{ ljleGg lbzfdf tGsfO / ljljw lbzfdf es0' 8f] kmfNg] / es'G8f] e'OF{df pkmfg{, kmfNg / ;dfpg]
em'sfO ;dfpg] cEof; cEof;
es'G8f] u'8fO / v]nfO ;fwf/0f nªhDk tyf xfOhDk ss' R{' rf / k~hfn] lx8F g\ ] cEof;
;ªu\ Ltsf] tfndf ljljw lb;fdf
l7s tl/sfn] lxF8fO, pEofO, a:ffO / 7f8f] j:td' f r9fO, em/fO / af/df
;'tfO{ z/L/ 3d' fO emG' 8o\ fO
vfS] bf, xflR5pF ubf{ gfsd'v 5f]Kg] /
l;wf /v] fdf bf8} fO z/L/sf cª\ux¿ ;kmf /fVg] afgL
hyfefjL gy'Sg]
l;wf / afuF f]l6ªu\ f] /v] fdf tfn z/L/sf ljleGg cª\ux¿sf] ;kmfO rkL{ tyf wf/f / j/k/sf] jftfj/0f
ldnfP/ lx8F fO z/L/df kfgLsf] dfqf ;Gtn' g
lkpg] kfgL ;'/lIft /fVg] tl/sf lkpg] kfgLsf] ;/' fIff
lxF8\g], pleg], a:g] / ;T' g] tl/sf
tfn ldnfP/ z/L/ 3d' fO{ /ªx¿ / logsf] ld>0f /f]u / :j:ys/ afgL
ks| fzsf ;|ft] x¿
z/L/sf aflx/L cªu\ x¿ / ;/;kmfO tfksf ;f| ]tx¿ z/L/sf nflu cf/fd, lgb|f / Jofofdsf]
ljBt' s\ f kd| 'v ;|ft] x¿ ;Gt'ng
xft wf]P/ vfg] afgL r'Das
ljleGg ks| f/sf Wjlgx¿ / o;sf lglZrt lbzfdf xlkª
rkLs{ f] ko| fu]
;f| t] x¿ ;fO8 l:slkª / 3'd]sf] 8f]/Ldf l:slkª
;kmf / ;'/lIft kfgL
cfcfÇgf] ufpF6fn] df ;fdflhs sfd $) anx¿ lglZrt lbzfdf k\mofFsfO
cfkm\gf] j/k/ pknAw ;fdu|Lx¿af6 ug]{ JolStx¿sf] gfd
agfOPsf /ªx¿ k|ofu] u/L cf}Fnf jf dg kg{] lrq lgdf0{ f
5:] sfn] sfuhdf :jtGq ¿kn] lrq 5/l5d]sdf cfk;L ;xofu]
lgdf{0f kªl\ Stdf kfnf] kvg{ ] afgL bl} gs hLjgdf ljBt' \ / o;sf] pkof]u /
;fwf/0f vn] x¿ -;fwf/0f nv]6fO,
:jtGq ¿kdf lrq sf]/fO ;fjwfgL
s's'/ km'Sof] cflb_
ljBt' \sf] pkof]u l:slkª v]Nf rD' asLo / crD' asLo j:t'
tn] , sfa{g sfuh k|of]u u/]/
3/df vfgf ksfpg k|ofu] ul/g] Wjlg k|bi" f0f / dfgj hLjgdf o;sf]
OGwgsf] ljleGg cfsf/x¿ lgdf{0f c;/
;g{] / g;g]{ /fu] x¿sf] gfd
ljleGg k|sf/sf Wjlgx¿ ltgLx¿sf /f]u ;g{] dfWodx¿
;|ft] :jf:Yo ;]jf lbg] :yfgLo ;+:yfx¿
:jf:Yo ;]jf
k|sfz / ks| fzsf dV' o ;|ft] #* la/fdL, czSt / c;xfo JolStnfO{ cfÇgf] a;]sf] j8fsf] ;fdfGo kl/ro $)
#= xfd|f] ;db' fo cfgf bf}Ft/Lx¿;Fu ldnLh'nL
:jf:Yo ;]jfsf nflu ;xof]u 5/l5d]ssf] sfddf ;xof]u
;fyL / kl/jf/df cfk;L ;xofu] / :jtGq¿kdf cufl8 / k5fl8 kN6g]
;xsfo{ cfÇgf] j8fsf ;dfh;]jLx¿sf]
cEof; ;Ddfg
kfnf] klv{g] afgL j/k/sf hldg / kfgLdf a:g]
Ho]i7 gful/s, c;xfo tyf ckfªu\ tf
/dfOnf v]nx¿ -3/] fdf v]lng] v]n, hgfj/x¿ ePsf JolStx¿nfO{ ;Ddfg / ;xof]u
;dx" df vl] ng] vn] _ 3/kfnj' f / hª\unL hgfj/
hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf / vfg] tl/sf 3/kljf/ / ;fyL;fyLdf ;demf/L
kft, ?vsf af]j|mf, l;Ssf, sk8f hgfj/ / la?jfx¿af6 kfpg]
cflbnfO{ 3f]6]/ ljleGg 6]S;r/ 5kfO afnclwsf/
/ kb| zg{ vfgs] '/fsf] gfd
cfgf jl/kl/ kfOg] kz'kG5Lsf] :yfgLo v]nx¿sf] klxrfg, k|bzg{ /
;Grf] lj;Grf] ;fdl" xs kl| t:kwf{
lx8F fO / pkm| fO / af]nL / gSsn
:jf:Yo ;:+ yfx¿sf] gfd g;g{] /fu] sf ;fdfGo sf/s tŒjx¿
:jf:Yo ;j] f
la/fdL kbf{ kl/jf/, ;fyL / lzIfssf]
;xof]u vf]ksf] cfjZostf / dxŒj
;g{] /fu] x¿sf] gfd wd" kfg / dBkfg
kN6g] cEof;
j/k/sf hgfj/x¿ lglZrt lbzfdf efnf -6af{] Hofalng_
kmo\ fsF fO{
hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf / gfd
hldg / kfgLdf a:g] j/k/sf
hgfj/x¿sf aRrf / gfd hgfj/sf aflx/L cª\ux¿ /
pkof]lutf
hgfj/x¿sf] x/] rfxdf ;xof]u
j/k/sf hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf vfg
cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ /xs] f kzk' G5Lx¿sf] ;3fpg] cªu\ x¿
lj|mofsnfksf] cjnfs] g / clego
ljleGg df;} d / ;dodf b]lvg]
hgfj/x¿ / ltgLx¿sf] ;r" L
dflg;n] hgfj/ / la?jfx¿af6 kfpg]
kmfObf -vfgf / n'uf_
cfgf jl/kl/ kfOg] kzk' G5Lsf] lx8F fO
/ pkm| fO / af]nLsf] gSsn
28 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
$= xfdf| ] cfkmg\ f] ljBfnosf] gfd / 7]ufgf #* ljBfnosf] sIffsf]7f ;/;kmfO $) ljBfnosf] xftfsf] ;/;kmfO $)
ljBfno
cfkmgf ;fyLx¿ / sIff lzIfssf] ljBfnodf ko| fu] ul/g] ;fdfgsf] ljBfnodf ePsf] vn] ;fdu|L, !&
%= xfd|f] gfd htg k':tsfno tyf a's sg/{ df ePsf @)
j/k/sf hLj ;fdfgsf] htg;fy k|of]u
hGt' ljBfnodf ePsf ;/;fdfgx¿ au}Frfsf] lgdf0{ fdf ;xof]u
ljBfnodf lglZrt ;dodf ul/g]
^= xfdf| ] z/L/ ttfpg] ;fdfGo s;/t ;ts{, uf]8fkmf6 / lj>fd h:tf ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -h:tM} cleefjs lbj;,
jftfj/0f sfo{x¿ / nfOgdf lxF8fO jflif{s pT;j, cflb_
kL=6L= tflnsf g=+ ! bl] v # ;Ddsf
s;/tx¿ kL=6L= tflnsf g=+ ! bl] v % ;Ddsf kL=6L=tflnsf g+= ! b]lv & ;Ddsf
tfn ldnfP/ s;/tx¿
kf| s[lts j:tx' ¿ 6fF;/] ;/n s;/tx¿
cfsl[ tx¿sf] ;o+ fh] g %) ld6/;Ddsf] b'/L bf8}
@% ld6/;Ddsf] b'/L bf8} g
kmn" af/Lsf] tyf af6] la?jfx¿sf] ljleGg lsl;dsf sfuhnfO{
x/] rfx 5flkPsf lrqx¿nfO{ sf6]/ jf sf6]/÷Roft]/ 6f;F L cfkmn" fO{ dg kg{]
cfs[lt lgdf{0f
3/ ljBfno, af6f3] f6f] / ;d'bfodf Roft/] 6f;F L cfkm"nfO{ dg kg{] cfsf/
36s] f b'3{6gfaf6 ePsf] rf]6k6s Roft]sf÷sf6]sf sfuhsf 6'jm| fx¿nfO{
JoSt ug]{ cEof; jf cfsl[ t lgdf0{ f Psdfly csf]{ 6fF:b} lrq ;o+ fh] g
3/, ljBfno / af6f3f6fdf xg' ] Roft]sf jf sf6]sf sfuhsf kf| ylds pkrf/
b3' 6{ gf / ckl/lrt a]jfl/;] 6'j|mfx¿af6 lrq ;o+ fh] g ug{
j:t'kl| t ;hutf 3/ tyf ljBfno / ;db' fodf x'g]
kf| ylds pkrf/ b3' 6{ gfx¿sf sf/0f / logLx¿af6
j/k/ 36g\ ;Sg] k|sfk] kl| t ;hutf aRg] pkfo
3/ tyf ljBfno / ;db' fodf x'g
prfO / nfdf] pk|mfO ;Sg] b3' {6gfx¿sf] sf/0f / o:tf JolStut ;'/Iffsf pkfox¿
b3' {6gfx¿kl| t ;fjwfgL j/k/ 36g\ ;Sg] k|sfk] af6 ;'/lIft
x'g] cEof;
JolStut ;/' Iffsf pkfox¿
kmn]s, aG] r jf t];f]{ sf7df lx8F g\ ]
j/k/ 36\g ;Sg] ks| f]kaf6 ;/' lIft cEof;
x'g] cEof; xftn] 6]sL 5]paf6 kN6g] sfo{
Ps v6' \6fn] 6]sL z/L/ ;Gt'ng u/L hgfj/ / jg:kltsf cfwf/et"
nIf0fx¿ -rfn, z/L/sf efux¿ /
pleg] cEof; / hf]8Ldf cEof; vfgf k|fKt ug{] tl/sf_
;hLj / lghL{j j:tx' ¿sf] klxrfg !& hgfj/sf] rfn !& la?jfx¿sf] juLs{ /0f -kmn"
k'mNg÷] gkm'Ng,] hldgdf÷kfgLdf kfOg],
;hLj / lghL{j j:t'x¿ nIf0f cfgf] j/k/ ePsf hgfj/ / Psjif÷{] axj' if{]_
jg:kltsf ;fdfGo /v] fª\sg
j/k/sf la?jfx¿ klxrfg ljleGg df;} ddf kfOg] la?jfx¿
la?jfx¿sf] ;dx" -kmnkmn" ,
?v, a'6o\ fg / emf/kft cGgafnL / t/sf/L_ la?jfsf] j[l4, x/] rfx ug{ / / To;sf]
la?jfsf ljleGg efux¿ -h/f, 8f7F , clenv]
?v, a6' o\ fg / emf/kft
kft, km"n / kmn_ vfB zª[ \vnf
ljleGg la?jfsf efux¿ -h/f,
8f7F , kft, kmn" / kmn_ / o;sf ljBfno, 3/, 5/l5ds] / 6fn] sf]
sfd ;/;kmfO
cfkm\ gf] sf7] f / ljBfnosf] sIffsf7] f !* 3/ tyf ljBfno ;/;kmfO @) jftfj/0f k|bi" f0fsf sf/0fx¿
;/;kmfO
jftfj/0f kmfx] f]/ x'g] sf/0fx¿ jftfj/0fLo :jR5tfkl| t ;hutf
:jR5 jftfj/0fk|lt ;r]ttf
jftfj/0fLo ;/;kmfO sl' xg] / gsl' xg] kmfx] f/] x¿sf] juLs{ /0f
3/ tyf ljBfnodf pTkGg xg' ] / lj;hg{
kmf]xf]/sf] lj;h{g cfÇgf] ufp÷F 6fn] sf ;fjh{ lgs
;DklQ / ;Dkbfx¿sf] ;/+ If0f cfÇgf] ;db' fodf ePsf k|fsl[ ts
j/k/sf j:t' tyf 36gf;DaGwL ;Dkbfsf] ;+/If0f / k|of]u
vf]hd"ns kZ| gx¿ j:t' tyf 36gf;DaGwL vf]hd"ns
k|Zgx¿ j/k/sf j:t' tyf 36gfx¿;DaGwL
j/k/sf] k|fsl[ ts / dfgj lgldt{ vf]hd"ns kZ| g, cg'dfg, cjnfs] g /
j:t'x¿ bl} gs hLjgdf xfjf, kfgL / ts{
df6fsf] pkof]lutf
j:t'sf u'0fx¿ -cfsf/, ;fOh, uGw, 7f;] , t/n / Uof; kbfy{sf cfwf/et"
lr;f,] tftf,] s8f, g/d_ j:ts' f u0' fx¿ -8A' g]÷pqg,] u'0fx¿sf] cjnfs] g / k/LIf0f
3N' g]÷g3'Ng],
ljleGg j:tx' ¿sf] ko| f]u u/L em'08fpg
kf/bzs{ ÷ckf/bz{s_ ldNg] vfnsf ;hfj6sf ;fduL| x¿
lgdf{0f
v/] uPsf jf j/k/ pknAw
;fdu|Lx¿ ko| f]u u/L ljleGg
gd'gf ;+/rgf lgdf{0f -h:t}M ejg,
v]Ng] j:t,' /f]jf6] _
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 29
&= d]/f] l;hg{ f ;'gs] f :yfgLo uLtx¿ @) /fli6o« ufg, sIffut uLt, @) /fli6o« ufg, sIffut uLt, @)
kf7\ok':tsdf ePsf afnuLtx¿, kf7o\ k:' tsdf ePsf afnuLtx¿
/fli6o« ufg tyf /fli6«o efjgfsf uLt cfkm" n] hfg]sf :yfgLo uLtx¿ !@
tfndf tfnL ahfpg] cEof; !)
tfnL ahfpg] cEof; -afnuLt tyf nodf tfnL ahfpg] cEof;
sIffut uLt_ :yfgLo uLtdf g[To
:yfgLo uLtdf g[To
Psn / ;fdl" xs g[To ug{ :yfgLo afhfx¿ ahfpg] cEof;
Psn / ;fdl" xs g[To
:yfgLo afhfx¿ sfuh / l;Gsf ko| fu] u/L ljleGg
:yfgLo afhfx¿ ahfpg] cEof; j:ts' f] lgdf{0f
cfsl[ tljxLg 5kfOsfo{
cfÇgf] ufp÷F 6f]nsf] ;fdfGo gS;f :n]a -slab_ df ljleGg ks| f/sf
df6f,] lk7f] cflbdf ljleGg cfsl[ tsf cfsl[ t jf kmnkm"nsf a6' 6\ f agfpg]
j:tn' ] lyr]/ cfsf/ ks| f/ agfpg] dg kg]{ j:t'x¿sf] /v] flrq cEof;
cEof;
cfsf/, :j¿k / /ªx¿jf6 ;fdfGo df6fdf /v] f, cfsf/, 6]S;r/, a6' \6f
a'66\ fx¿ cflb;DaGwL ljljw k|of]ux¿ /
df6fsf 3g jf cfotfsf/ Ansåf/f
df6f], lk7f] cflbsf] ko| f]u u/L ufn] f] 7f;] df8] ]nx¿, -h:t} M 3/, a;,
r]K6f], af6n' f,] nfDrf] cflb cfsf/sf hgfj/ cflb_ agfpg] cEof;
j:t' agfpg] cEof;
df6fsf :Nofa (clay slabs) df
l/lnkm lkG| 6 Ans (relief print df6fnfO{ a]/]/ (coils) agfOPsf
block) sf] ko| f]u u/L ljleGg a'66\ fx¿ tyf ;;fgf ufn] fx¿
/ªx¿df 5kfO (pellets) åf/f cnª\s/0f
*= xfd|f] kl/jf/df dgfOg] rf8kj{ !@ cfgf 5/l5ds] df dgfOg] !@ 5kfOsf ljljw k4ltx¿åf/f
;+:sl[ t rf8kjx{ ¿df ;xefuLtf ljifoj:t'df cfwfl/t -theme
rf8kj{df vfOg] vfgs] '/fx¿ based_ jf cfsl[ tljxLg -non
kl/jf/df dgfOg] rf8kj{df nufOg] representational_ lk|G6x¿
3/df ljleGg ;dodf ul/g] ;+:sf/ kf;] fs
/ ljm| ofsnfkx¿ -h:t} M hGdlbg, cfÇgf] ufpF 6f]ndf afl] ng] efiff, kf;] fs
s'nkh" f, ljjfx, j|taGw cflb_ kl/lrt JolSt;Fu cfjZos ;xof]u / rf8kj{
lng]sfo{
;db' fosf ;s+ f/x¿ -b;F}, ltxf/, cfÇgf] ufpF 6fn] df dgfOg]
56, ljm| ;d;, Ob, ljleGg hfqf ;d'bfosf ;+sf/x¿ -b;,}F ltxf/, 56, rf8kj{x¿df ;xeflutf
cflb_ sf] cj:yf emNsg] lrq / ljm| ;d;, Ob, ljleGg hfqf cflb_ sf]
/u+ sfo{ cj:yf emNsg] ;fdfGo /]vfªs\ g kl/jf/df dgfOg] rf8kj{df ul/g] d'Vo
dV' o ljm| ofsnfkx¿
/fli6«o lrxg\ x¿sf] lrgf/L /fli6«o lrx\gx¿sf] kl/ro
cfk\mgf ;d'bfosf ;s+ f/x¿ -b;},F ltxf/,
(= ;~rf/ ;~rf/sf dfWodx¿ !! ;~rf/ dfWodx¿ / ;r" gfsf] !) 56, ljm| ;d;, Ob, ljleGg hfqf cflb_
kl| jlw / ahf/ cfbfgkb| fg sf] cj:yf emNsg] ;fdfGo /]vfª\sg /
cfkmgf] kl/jf/ / ;fyLx¿;uF df}lvs /ªsfo{
;~rf/ ;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿sf] k|ofu] /
;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ /fli6o« lrxg\ x¿sf] dxŒj
;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿ k|of]u /
;'/Iffsf pkfox¿ cfÇgf] ufpF÷gu/df pTkflbt tyf ;fj{hlgs :ynx¿sf] ;"rgf, ;ªs\ t] ,
lgld{t j:t'x¿ kDKn]6, kf]:6/, 6«flkms ;ªs\ ]t /
oftfoftsfd'Vo ;fwgx¿ k|ofu]
kl/jf/sf] cfDbfgLsf ;f| t] x¿
ahf/df lsgar] ug{] ;fduL| x¿ l;sfO / ;~rf/df sDKo'6/ /
3/ tyf ljBfnodf ko| fu] ul/g] dfa] fOn kmf]gsf] ko| fu] / Pjd
;fduL| sf] k|ofu] b'?kofu] af6 x'g] xflgk|lt ;r]ttf
cfgf] ufkf÷ gkfdf pTkflbt tyf
lgld{t j:tx' ¿sf] pkof]u
ldtJooL ¿kdf vr{ / art
30 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
!)= xfd|f] ljleGg lsl;dsf df};d / df;} dsf] !& ljleGg lsl;dsf df;} dsf ljzi] ftf !& ljleGg ks| f/sf df;} dsf] ljifz] tf / !&
j/k/sf] ;;+ f/ ;fdfGo kl/ro dfgjLo hLjgdf ltgsf c;/
df};dcgs' n" cfgf] x/] rfx
df};d cg'sn" nu' fsf] 5gf6] k|ltsn" df};d / ;rt] tf
cfÇgf] 6fn] , ;d'bfo / To;
3/ tyf ljBfno jl/kl/sf] hldgsf] jl/kl/sf] efu} f]lns :j¿k kY[ jLdf lbg / /ft xg' 'sf] sf/0f
:j¿k
lqe'h, rte' h{' , juf{sf/ tyf df6f]df xfjf, hl} js kbfy{x¿ / kfgL
sfuhaf6 gd'gf lgdf0{ f cfotfsf/df sfuhsf cfs[lt
agfpg] cEof; cfgf] j8fsf] k|fs[lts :j¿k,
kfgLsf ;f| ]tx¿ / pkofu] ;fdflhs /xg;xg] j8fsf ;fdfGo
kfgLsf efl} ts u'0fx¿ cfsl[ t, gS;f / ToxfFsf dxŒjk0" f{ :yn
bl} gs hLjgdf xfjfaf6 xg' ] sfd
;kmf kfgLsf ;f| ]tx¿ / dxŒj k[YjLsf] cfsf/ / leqL txx¿
ljleGg cfsf/x¿, agf6] x¿ /
a'66\ fx¿df /ªsfo{ xfjfsf] efl} ts u'0fx¿ / b}lgs juf{sf/ sfuhaf6 r/f / ;hfj6sf
hLjgdf o;sf] ko| fu] nflu j:t' tof/L
:yfgLo If]qdf pknAw ;fdu|Laf6 ultzLn kfgL] zlSt
/ªx¿ / lrqsfo{
ultzLn xfjf zlSt
kfgLsf] ;/+ If0f
:jtGq lrq / /ª sfo{
!!= PsLs[t kf7\ojm| ddf Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿
ljBfno lzIffsf] Pp6f dxŒjk"0f{ sfo{ ljBfyLx{ ¿df Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿ -Soft skills_ ljsf; u/fpg ;xofu] ug'{ xf] . Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿
;an} fO{ cfjZos xG' 5g\ . oL s'g} lglZrt sfo{ jf e"ldsfdf dfq ;Lldt geO{ ljleGg sfo{ jf e"ldsfsf nflu cfjZos x'g] ub{5g\ . o:tf
l;kx¿ ljz]iftM ljBfyLs{ f b}lgs hLjgsf jf:tljs ;d:of ;dfwfgdf ;xfos xG' 5g\ . To;}n] Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿ s'g} lglZrt sfo{, k];f,
ljifoIf]q jf 1fgsf] If]q;uF dfq ;DalGwt geO{ ljleGg sfo,{ k;] f, ljifoIf]q jf 1fgsf] If]qdf sfo{;Dkfbg;Fu ;DalGwt xG' 5g\ . Jojxf/s'zn
l;kx¿nfO{ ljleGg km/s km/s gfdn] klxrfg ug{] ul/G5 . h:tM} o;nfO{ ;dtnLo, ;fdfGo, cGt/;DalGwt, :yfgfGt/0fLo, cfwf/e"t,
Jofjxfl/s, /fh] uf/Ldn" s jf PSsfO;fF} ztfAbLsf l;k gfdn] klg lrlgG5 .
Jojxf/s'zn l;knfO{ ljleGg gfdn] hgfOg'sf ;fy} o;cGtut{ kg]{ l;k jf ;Ifdtfsf ;"rLnfO{ lglZrt ;ªV\ ofdf ;Lldt ug{ sl7g eP klg
;f]rfO l;k, j}olSts l;k, cGt/j}olSts l;k, ax;' fIf/tf l;k, gful/s l;kcGtu{t kf| oh;f] ;a} Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿nfO{ juLs{ /0f u/L
;dfjz] ug{ ;lsG5 .
l;sfOnfO{ b}lgs hLjg;uF cfa4 ug{sf nflu ljleGg ljifo / txsf kf7o\ j|mdlar cGt/ljm| of x'g' cfjZos 5 . o:tf] cGt/lj|mofaf6 l;sfOnfO{
;fdfGo ljifout 1fg tyf l;kdf ;Lldt gu/L clw;1+ fgfTds -Metacognitive) l;sfOnfO{ ;xh u/fO{ hLjgsf ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu
pkofu] L agfpg ;xofu] k|fKt x'G5 . Jojxf/s'zn l;k l;sfOnfO{ clw;+1fgfTds -Metacognitive) txdf k¥' ofpg ;xof]u ug]{ ePsfn] PsLst[
kf7o\ jm| dsf] cjwf/0ffcGtu{t Jojxf/sz' n l;knfO{ pko'Sttfsf cfwf/df ;a} ljifo / txdf PsLs[t ug'{ dxŒjk0" f{ x'g] bl[ i6sf]0fdf cfwfl/t eO{
o; kf7o\ jm| ddf klg Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿nfO{ ;a} ljifo / sIffdf pko'Sttfsf cfwf/df PsLst[ ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf nflu Jojxf/s'zn l;ksf
d'Vo If]qx¿ / ltgsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f ul/g' cfjZos 5 . Jojxf/s'zn l;ksf plNnlvt kfrF lj:tt[ Ifq] cGtu{tsf l;kx¿sf] lj:t[tLs/0f /
ltgsf] ;DefJo JofVof lgDgcg;' f/ k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 M
;fr] fO l;kx¿ (Thinking Skills) (S1)
afnaflnsfn] ;r" gf kz| fw] g ug{, ljleGg ;"rgfnfO{ ;o+ fh] g ug{, lg0f{o lng / gofF ljrf/ l;hg{ f ug{ k|of]u ug{] ;1+ fgfTds lj|mofsnfkx¿ g}
;fr] fO l;kx¿ x'g\ . afnaflnsfx¿n] cfgf cg'ejx¿sf] af]w ubf,{ ;d:ofx¿ xn ubf,{ lg0f{o lnFbf, kZ| gx¿ ubf{, of]hgf agfpbF f cyjf
;r" gfx¿ ;ªu\ l7t ubf{ cfgf] ;f]rfO l;kx¿ k|of]u ub{5g\ . kd| 'v ;fr] fO l;kx¿ / ltgsf] JoVof lgDglnlvt tflnsfdf k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf !^ M dV' o ;fr] fO l;kx¿
d'Vo ;fr] fO l;kx¿ (Major thinking skills) ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
k|of]u l;k (Application skill) (S1.1)
l;sfO l;k (Learning skill) (S1.2) gofF kl/l:ylt Pjd\ ;Gbed{ f klxn] l;s]sf 1fg tyf l;knfO{ k|of]u ug{] ofU] otf
/rgfTds ;fr] fO l;k (Creative thinking skill) (S1.3) l;sfO xfl;n ug]{ / hf/L /fVg] ofU] otf
cfgf] l;sfOnfO{ ;ªu\ l7t ug{] of]Uotf
9fFrf Pjd\ ;DaGwnfO{ k/LIf0f / ;r" gfnfO{ juL{s/0f u/L jm| ddf ldnfpg] ofU] otf
/fdf| ts{x¿sf] ljZn]if0f tyf l;hg{ f ug]{ / kr| lnt dfGotfx¿nfO{ rg' ft} L lbg] of]Uotf
kl/sNkgf lgdf0{ f Pjd\ eljiojf0fL ug]{, ;a't jf kd| f0f k/LIf0f ug{] / glthfdf kU' g] of]Uotf
;d:ofx¿ / lg0fo{ x¿ klxrfg tyf ljZn]if0f ug{] / ljleGg ljsNkx¿sf] vf]hL ug]{ ofU] otf
;d:ofx¿ ;dfwfg ug{] / pknlAwx¿sf] dN" ofª\sg ug{] of]Uotf
sfNklgs ¿kdf ;fR] g,] lj|mofzLn ¿kdf gofF ljrf/ jf bl[ i6sf0] f vf]Hg] ;d:ofx¿ jf ;dfwfg
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 31
d'Vo ;fr] fO l;kx¿ (Major thinking skills) ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
kj| t{gfTds agfpg] / hf]lvd p7fpg] of]Uotf
;dfnfr] gfTds ;fr] fO l;k (Critical thinking skill) ke| fjsf/L ts{ ug{] ofU] otf
(S1.4) k4lt ;f]rsf] ko| fu] ug{] of]Uotf
5fgljg tyf lg0fo{ ug]{ ofU] otf
lg0f{o tyf ;d:of ;dfwfg l;k (Descision making and ljleGg ;|ft] x¿af6 ;"rgf k|fKt ug]{ of]Uotf
probem solving skill) (S1.5)
lglZrt p2Z] osf nflu ljZj;gLotf Pjd\ pko'Sttfsf cfwf/df ljleGg ;|ft] x¿dWo]af6 pkoS' t
;|f]t rog ug{] of]Uotf
;r" gfx¿sf] clenv] Ls/0f ug],{ ;ª\ul7t ug{], ;f/f+z lgsfNg], PsLst[ ug]{ of]Uotf
ljsNk 5gf]6 u/L lg0f{o lng] / ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{] of]Uotf
jo} lSts l;kx¿ (Intrapersonal Skills) (S2)
jo} lSts l;kx¿ ljleGg lsl;dsf 5g\ . o;cGtut{ lhDd]jf/L Pjd\ k|lta4tf ljsf; ug',{ :jJoj:yfkg, cfTdan÷:jfledfgsf] ljsf;,
Odfgbf/L÷ :jcgz' f;g, ;do Joj:yfkg, :jtGq l;sfO, nrstf / cgs' "ngtf h:tf l;kx¿ kb{5g\ . jo} lSts l;kx¿sf] ljsf;sf nflu
kf7\ojm| dn] afnaflnsfsf] ;1+ fgfTds ljsf;, ;fdflhs tyf ;j+ ]ufTds ljsf;, jfrg tyf efiff ljsf; / sz' n ljm| ofTds l;k ljsf; u/fpg'
kb{5 . jo} lSts l;kx¿n] ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ sfd tyf lj|mofsnfkx¿sf] lhDdj] f/L lng, ljleGg sfd tyf ljm| ofsnfkx¿kl| t kl| ta4tf Pjd\
cfTdljZjf; k|bz{g ug{, cfgf] of]Uotfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ / cfgf] hLjgsf] nIoaf/] ljrf/ JoSt ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg'kb{5 . cfgf] x]/rfx ug{]
of]Uotf, bl} gs hLjg Joj:yfkg ug]{ ofU] otf, sfo{ofh] gf ljsf; ug,]{ dN" ofªs\ g ug{] sfo{;dt] ;dfjz] u/L jo} lSts nIox¿ klxrfg ug]{ h:tf
:jJoj:yfkg;DaGwL l;kx¿ o;cGtu{t kb5{ g\ . To;} u/L o;cGtu{t cfTdan tyf :jfledfgsf] ljsf; Odfgbf/L÷:jcgz' f;g JolStut nIo
lgwf{/0f / sfo{df cu|;/tf, :jtGq l;sfO, nrstf / cg's"ng, lhDd]jf/L Pjd\ kl| ta4tf h:tf jo} lSts l;kx¿ kb{5g\ . k|d'v j}olSts
l;kx¿ / ltgsf] JofVof lgDglnlvt tflnsfdf k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf !& M dV' o jo} lSts l;kx¿
dV' o j}olSts l;kx¿ (Major ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
intrapersonal skills)
:jJoj:yfkg (Self management) cfgf] x/] rfx ug{] ofU] otf
(S2.1) bl} gs hLjg Joj:yfkg ug]{ ofU] otf
sfo{of]hgf ljsf; ug]{, dN" ofª\sg ug{] sfo;{ dt] ;dfj]z u/L j}olSts nIox¿ klxrfg ug{], d"Nofª\sg ug]{ / kf| Kt
ug]{ ofU] otf
cfTdan÷:jfledfgsf] ljsf; (Develop Pp6f JolStsf ¿kdf :jod\ kl| t ljZj:t x'g] ofU] otf
self-esteem/respect) (S2.2)
Odfgbf/L÷ :jcgz' f;g :jods\ f] nv] fhf]vf jf dN" ofª\sg ug,{] cfk"mn] cfgf sfo{;Dkfbgsf] d"Nofªs\ g ug],{ k[i7kf]if0f kf| Kt ug{] / o;df
k|ToQ' / lbg] ofU] otf
(Integrity/honesty/self-descipline)
(S2.3) :jcg'zf;g / Odfgbf/L kb| zg{ ug]{ of]Uotf
;do Joj:yfkg (Time management) cfgf bl} gs ljm| ofsnfkdf ;do Joj:yfkg ug]{ ofU] otf
(S2.4)
sfo{sf] k|fyldstf lgwf{/of ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf
JolStut nIo lgwf{/0f / sfo{df cu|;/tf bl} gs sfo{df nIo lgwf{/0f ug{,] sfo{df cu;| /tf lng] of]Uotf
(Personal goal setting and taking
initiatives) (S2.5)
:jtGq l;sfO, nrstf / cgs' n" gtf ljleGg ;fwg, ;"rgf tyf ljlwsf] ko| f]u u/L cfkm{} l;Sg] ofU] of
(Independent lerning, flexibility and l;sfO, sfo{ jf Jojxf/df kl/l:yltcgs' n" kl/jt{g tyf ;dfofh] g ug{ ;Sg] of]Uotf
adaptability) (S2.6)
lhDd]jf/L Pjd\ kl| ta4tf (Responsibility gofF Pjd\ sl7g kl/l:yltx¿df ;xofu] k'¥ofpg] j}olSts u0' fx¿ ljsl;t ug]{ ofU] otf, pbfx/0fsf nflu kxn ug{],
and commitment) (S2.7)
nrsbf/ aGg,] ljZj;gLo aGg,] sl7gfOx¿ pTkGg ePsf a]nf 99[ /xg]
cGt/jo} lSts l;kx¿ (Interpersonal Skills) (S3)
cGt/j}olSts l;kn] Ps JolStn] csf]{ JolSt;uF k|efjsf/L ¿kdf ;~rf/ / ;dGjo ug{,' ;xof]u tyf ;b\efj sfod ug{ ;Ifd xg' ,' c;n
;DaGw sfod ug{' eGg] h:tf of]UotfnfO{ hgfp5F . o;df km/s km/s nIo / p2]Zosf ljljw ;Gbe{df c¿;Fu sfo{ ug,{] ;fd"lxs nIo
32 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
klxrfg ug],{ d"Nofªs\ g ug]{ / kf| Kt ug,{] ;d"xdf lhDdj] f/L klxrfg ug{] / e"ldsf af8F kmfF8 ug],{ ;dx" df /fd|f] ;DaGw ljsf; ug],{ ;d"xsf
ku| ltsf] n]vfhfv] f ug]{, ;dx" sf] sfos{ f] ;dLIff ug]{ / JolStut ¿kdf cfk\mgf] ofu] bfgsf] kl| tljDag ug]{ h:tf kIfx¿ ;dfjz] x'G5g\ .
cGt/jo} lSts l;kx¿dWo] ;~rf/ Pp6f Hofb} dxŒjk"0f{ l;k xf] . ;'Gg / af]Ng ;Sg] ofU] otf cfwf/e"t ;~rf/ l;kx¿ x'g\ . oL l;kx¿ sIff
!, @ / # sf ljBfyL{x¿df ljBfnodf /xbF f ljsl;t xg' 'kb5{ . ha;Dd ljBfyL{x¿n] cfgf] :yfgLo jf /fli6o« efiffdf ;~rf/ ug{ ;Sb}gg\
ta;Dd pgLx¿n] cfgf hLjgsf nIox¿ k|fKt ug{ / cfgf] 1fg Pjd\ ;fdYo{ ljsf; ug{ tyf cfgf] bl} gs hLjgdf sfd ug{ ;dy{ xb'F g} g\ .
;~rf/ l;kx¿n] afnaflnsfnfO{ ;j+ ]ufTds af}l4stf, l:y/tf, :ki6tf, leGgtf, cfTdljZjf;, ;xfge' l" t, cfb/, ;'Gg], v'nf ;f]r / /fd|f] kZ| g
;f]Wg] l;k ljsf; ub5{ . c;n ;~rf/ eg]sf] ;dud| f k|efjsf/L ;g' fO xf] . afnaflnsfx¿n] ljBfno cjlwe/ vn' f ;fr] ljsf; ug'k{ b5{ .
;'99[ ;~rf/sf nflu Pp6f JolSt vn' f dl:tis;lxt cGo JolStsf b[li6sf]0f a‰' g]tkm{ k|lta4 x'g'kb{5 .
JolStsf] hLjg tyf sfos{ f k|foM ;a} kIfx¿df ;xsfo{ l;kx¿sf] cfjZostf kb{5 . lxhf]cfh Jofkf/ pBf]udf jf sg' } sfos{ f nflu ;uF ;Fu}
ldn]/ ;dx" df sfd ug{ s]xL ;+oS' t k|of; xg' k' b{5 eGg] s/' fn] k|jz] kfPsf] 5 . sfdsf] ;;+ f/df clwsfz+ Ifq] df ;xof]u tyf ;xsfon{ fO{ Pp6f
cfjZos l;ksf ¿kdf xl] /G5 . ljBfyL{x¿n] kl/ofh] gf tyf vf]hd"ns l;sfOdf cfkmn" fO{ Jo:t /fVg'kb5{ / ;fdflhs kl/jz] df cfgf 1fg
Pjd\ ;d:of ;dfwfgsf l;kx¿ k|ofu] ug{ ;Sg'kb{5 . ;xsfo{ l;kn] ljBfyLx{ ¿nfO{ pgLx¿sf] ;femf nIox¿ xfl;n ug{ ;uF } ldn]/ ;xof]uL
¿kdf sfd ug{ dbt ub5{ . ha afnaflnsfx¿ Pscfk;df ldn]/ l;Sg] k|ljm| ofdf /xG5g\ ta pgLx¿ sg' } ;d:of ;dfwfgsf nflu ldn]/ sfd
ub5{ g\ . o;af6 pgLx¿n] s'g} sfd k"/f ug{ jf sg' } pTkfbg ug{ ;Sb5g\ . ;xof]uL l;sfO jftfj/0fdf l;sf?sf cnu cnu bl[ i6sf0] fn]
;'Gg'kg{] x'bF f l;sf?n] ;fdflhs Pjd\ ;j+ ]ufTds b'j} kIfaf6 rg' ft} Lx¿sf] ;fdgf ugk{' b{5 / cfgf ljrf/x¿nfO{ :ki6 kfg{ / kl| t/Iff ug{
;Sg'kb5{ . o;f] ubf{ l;sf?n] lj1 jf lzIfsx¿n] lbPsf] k|f¿k jf 9fFrfdf e/ gk/L cfg} ljz]if ks| f/sf wf/0ffut k|f¿kx¿ l;hg{ f ug{
yfN5g\ . o;eGbf a9L ;xsfo{ ubf{ ;femf l;sfOn] l;sf?nfO{ 5nkmndf efu lng] cfj;/x¿ lbg,] cfgf l;sfOsf] lhDd]jf/L lng] / o;cg'¿k
uxg ;f]r ug]{ JolStsf ¿kdf ljsl;t ub{5 . afnaflnsfx¿df ;~rf/ / ;xsfo{ l;k;uF ;Fu} ;xofu] tyf ;xfg'e"lt, ;lj|motfk"j{s ;G' g] /
;f+:s[lts tyf gl} tstf h:tf cGt/j}olSts l;kx¿sf] ljsf; klg plQs} cfjZos 5 . kd| v' cGt/jo} lSts l;kx¿ / ltgsf] JoVof
lgDglnlvt tflnsfdf k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf !* M dV' o cGt/jo} lSts l;kx¿
d'Vo cGt/j}olSts l;kx¿ (Major ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
interpersonal skills)
;~rf/ (Communication) (S3.1) ;fdflhs cGt/ljm| ofx¿ jf ;fdflhs cGt/lj|mofTds ;Gbe{df cfgf] Pjd\ c¿sf ;+j]ux¿, clek/|] 0ff /
Jojxf/x¿nfO{ cWoog ug{ Pjd\ Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg] ofU] otf
kr| lnt ljleGg ;fwgx¿sf] k|ofu] tyf :yfgfGt/0fsf] dfWodaf6 ljrf/ cfbfg k|bfg u/L cy{ klxNofpg] of]Uotf
cfwf/et" ljBt' Lo ;~rf/ l;kx¿sf] 3/kl/jf/ Pjd\ sfo:{ yndf k|ofu] ug{] of]Uotf
;xsfo{ (Collaboration) (S3.2) ;d:of xn ug{], gjLg pTkfbg ug]{ cyjf ljifoj:t' l;Sg] / ;Ifdtf xfl;n ug{], ;Fu} sfd u/]sf bO' { jf bO' e{ Gbf a9L
JolStx¿lar ;xof]ufTds cGt/ljm| of ug]{ of]Uotf
ljleGg ;Gbed{ f cnu cnu p2]Zox¿ Pjd\ nIox¿ lnPsf JolSt;Fu ldn]/ sfd ug{] ofU] otf
;fd"lxs nIox¿sf] klxrfg, d"Nofªs\ g tyf kf| Kt ug]{ ofU] otf
;d"xdf lhDdj] f/L klxrfg u/L e"ldsf afF8kmf8F ug{] of]Uotf
;dx" df /fd|f] ;DaGw ljsfl;t ug{] ofU] otf
;dx" sf] sfdsf] k|ult hfrF ug{,] k'g/jnf]sg ug]{ / JolStut ¿kdf cfcfgf] ofu] bfgaf/] k|ltljDag ug{] ofU] otf
;xof]u tyf ;xfge' l" t (Cooperation and s'g} 36gf, sfo,{ cj:yf / glthfsf cfwf/df cfjZostfg;' f/ s'g} JolStnfO{ ;xofu] tyf ;xfg'e"lt kb| fg ug{]
empathy) (S3.3)
of]Uotf
;lj|motfk"js{ ;G' g] (Active listening) c¿sf ljrf/, bl[ i6sf0] f, ;r" gf tyf hfgsf/L ;ljm| otfkj" s{ ;G' g] / ae' mg\ ] / tbg's"n cfjZos kl| tljm| of hgfpg]
of]Uotf
(S3.4)
;f:+ s[lts l;kx¿÷gl} tstf (Cultural ;f+:s[lts ljljwtf klxrfg ug]{ of]Uotf
ljZjJofkL d'2fx¿df bl[ i6sf]0f ljsf; ug]{ ofU] otf
skills/ethics) (S3.5) kh| ftflGqs ;dfh lgdf0{ f ug{ af}l4s of]Uotfx¿ ljsf; ug]{ ofU] otf
;"rgf k|ljlw tyf ax';fIf/tf l;kx¿ (Information technology and multiliteracy skills) (S4)
PSsfO;fF} ztfAbLdf ;kmntf kfpg ljBfyLx{ ¿n] lj1fg, kl| jlwsf ;fy} ;:+ sl[ tdf sz' ntf kf| Kt ug{k' b{5 . To:t} ljleGg ¿kdf ;r" gfx¿sf] /fdf| ]
ae' mfO xg' 'kb5{ . To:t} ljBfyLx{ ¿n] ljljw jftfj/0fsf] Joj:yfkg, ;+:s[ltx¿sf] 1fg, Pp6f ljZjJofkL ;f]r, k|efjsf/L ;dfwfg, l;Sgsf nflu
lh1f;,' ;kmntfk"js{ afxo\ hut\af6 lrGtg ug{,] ;~rf/ l;kx¿ / ljZn]if0fnfO{ a‰' g ;Sg] h:tf ljleGg l;kx¿ ljsl;t ugk{' b5{ .
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 33
afnaflnsfx¿n] ljBfnodf /xFbf g} l8lh6n ;fIf/tfsf] ;fdfGo ;Ifdtf xfl;n ugk{' 5{ . k|dv' ax';fIf/tf l;kx¿ / ltgsf] JoVof lgDglnlvt
tflnsfdf k|:tt' ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf !( M d'Vo ax';fIf/tf l;kx¿
dV' o ax';fIf/tf l;kx¿ (Major Multiliteracy ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
skills)
cfwf/et" ;fIf/tf (Basic literacy) (S4.1) pko'St txsf] efiffut -:yfgLo Pjd\ /fli6«o efiffx¿df_ Pjd\ ;ª\VofTds bIftf ljsf; u/L cfgf] k];f
jf sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{ ;Sg] tyf ;dfhdf cfgf] nIo k|fKt ug]{ / xfnsf] l8lh6n ou' ;fk]If cfgf] 1fg
Pjd\ Ifdtf k|fKt ug{] of]Uotf
kf| ljlws ;fIf/tf (Technological literacy) (S4.2) kl| jlw s] xf], o;n] s;/L sfd ub5{ , o;n] s] s] p2Z] ox¿ k/" f ug{ ;S5 / o;nfO{ s;/L sz' n Pjd\
k|efjsf/L ¿kdf p2Z] o kf| Kt ug{ ko| fu] ug{] of]Uotf
bZ[ o ;fIf/tf (Visual literacy) (S4.3) k/Dk/fut Pjd\ PSsfO;fF} ztfAbLsf] ;~rf/ dfWod k|ofu] u/L lg0f{o, ;~rf/ / l;sfOdf tl:a/÷5lj
/ bZ[ o ;fduL| sf] ko| fu] , JofVof Pjd\ l;hg{ f ug{ ;Sg] ofU] otf
;"rgf ;fIf/tf (Information literacy) (S4.4) k|ljlw, ljleGg ;~rf/ ;~hfn / ljBt' Lo ;f| t] x¿sf] ko| f]u u/L ljleGg ;~rf/ dfWodx¿sf
;r" gfx¿sf] dN" ofª\sg, ;r" gfsf] cfjZostf klxrfg, ;r" gfx¿ kQf nufpg], ;+Zni] f0f ug{] / ke| fjsf/L
tl/sfn] ko| fu] ug{] ofU] otf
ax;' f+:sl[ ts ;fIf/tf (Multi-cultural literacy) cfg} / cGosf] ;:+ sl[ t, rfnrng, dN" o Pjd\ ljZjf;af/] ;dfgtf Pjd\ leGgtf a‰' g], ;Ddfg Pjd\
k|z;+ f ug]{ ofU] otf
(S4.5)
gful/s l;k (Citizenship Skills) (S5)
lzIffsf] Pp6f p2Z] o afnaflnsfdf gful/s clwsf/ / bfloTjkl| t ;r]ttf ljsf; u/fO{ gful/s clwsf/ kf| lKt / bfloTj s'zntfk"js{ lgjfx{
ug{] gful/ssf ¿kdf ljsf; ug{ ;xofu] ug{' xf] . o;sf nflu ljBfno lzIffsf k|f/lDes sIffbl] v g} gful/s lzIffnfO{ ljleGg ljifodf PsLs[t
ug'k{ b{5 . o;cGtut{ nfs] tlGqs d"No / dfGotf, ;xeflutf, ;xgzLntf / vn' fkg, ljljwtfsf] afw] / ;Ddfg, /fli6«o klxrfg, ;dfh, efiff,
;:+ sl[ t / /fi6k« |lt k|d] / ckgTj, JolStut, ;dflhs tyf gful/s bfloTj / lhDdj] f/L jxg ugn]{ ufot ljZjJofkL rt] gfsf] ljsf;
u/fpg'kb5{ . Pp6f c;n gful/ssf] ljsf;sf nflu ljleGg ljifodf PsLs[t u/L gful/s l;kx¿;Fu ;DalGwt l;kx¿df ljBfyL{df ;Ifdtfx¿
xfl;n u/fpg'kb{5 . k|dv' gful/s l;kx¿ l;kx¿ / ltgsf] JofVof lgDglnlvt tflnsfdf k:| t't ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf @) M dV' o gful/s l;kx¿
d'Vo gful/s l;kx¿ (Major ;DefJo JofVof (Possible explanation)
citizenship skills)
;xgzLntf / v'nfkg (Tolerance and kl/jf/ tyf ;d'bfosf kr| ng tyf dfGotfx¿nufot cGo dfGotf tyf cEof;kl| t ;sf/fTds /xg] Ifdtf
cfgf ljrf/, dfGotf / cEof;nfO{ kf/bzL{ agfpg], c¿sf] kl| tlj|mof ;G' g] / cfjZostfcg;' f/ l:jsfg]{ Ifdtf
openness) (S5.1)
ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg / cGt/;f+:s[lts ae' mfO :yfgLo ;f+:s[lts jftfj/0f tyf ljljwtf a'emg\ ] Ifdtf
(Respect for diversity and
intercultural understanding) (S5.2) ljleGg b[li6sf]0fx¿ tyf ljljwtfsf] ;Ddfg ug]{ Ifdtf
nf]stlGqs, ;xeflutfTds / ;dtfdn" s sg' } sfo{df ;xefuL xg' , km/s ljrf/k|lt ;lxi0f xg' , sfo{ tyf ;xeflutfdf ;dtfnfO{ kf| T] ;fxg ug{ / cfgf] /
d"No (Democratic, participatory and c¿sf] clwsf/ tyf :jfledfg sfod /fVg] Ifdtf
equitable value) (S5.3)
jftfj/0fkl| tsf] ;hutf / ;Ddfg s'g] sfo{ jf Jojxf/ k|bzg{ sf jm| ddf efu} f]lns tyf ;fdflhs ;f+:sl[ ts jftfj/0fsf] cg's"ngnfO{ Wofg lbg] Ifdtf
(Awarness of and respect for the
environment) (S5.4)
/fli6«o klxrfg / ckgTjsf] cg'el" t cfgf] ;db' fo, efiff, ;+:s[lt tyf /fli6o« klxrfgk|lt ;hs /xL ;Ddfg ug{] / ckgTjsf] cg'el" t ug]{ Ifdtf
(National identity and sense of
belonging) (S5.5)
;fdflhs Pjd\ gful/s lhDd]jf/L (Social ;fj{hlgs j:t'x¿sf] clejl[ 4 Pjd\ ;dfh, jftfj/0f / kh| ftflGqs cfbz{sf] ;'/Iff ug]{ u/L kf| ljlwnfO{ Jojl:yt ug{]
and civic responsibility) (S5.6)
of]Uotf
jo} lSts lhDd]jf/L (Personal Pp6f gful/ssf ¿kdf, kl/jf/ Pjd\ ;d'bfosf] ;b:osf ¿kdf cg'zfl;t, Odfgbf/ eO{ / u'0f:t/Lo hLjg k|fKt
ug{] ofU] otf
responsibility) (S5.7)
34 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
!@= kf7\oj|mdsf] PsLst[ :j¿k
v08 !) df k:| t't ul/Psf txcg;' f/sf ljifout ;Ifdtfx¿, ljifout l;sfO pknlAwx¿ / ljifoj:t'sf] If]q / jm| dsf cfwf/df ljifoj:tn' fO{
cGt/;DalGwt x'g] u/L lgDglnlvt :j¿kdf sIff !–# sf] kf7o\ jm| dnfO{ PsLs[t u/L k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 M
-s_ ;du| kf7o\ jm| dsf] PsLst[ ;+/rgf tof/ ubf{ xfd|f] ;/] f]km]/f], ul0ft, g]kfnL efiff / cªu\ |]hL efiff ljifoIfq] nfO{ ax'ljifos 9frF fdf k|:tt'
ul/Psf] 5 .
-v_ efiff ljifoIf]qcGtut{ g]kfnL efiff, cª\u|h] L efiff / ljleGg dfte[ fiffsf kf7\ojm| d ;dfjz] xg' ] eP klg o;df clgjfo{ ljifosf ¿kdf
/xs] f gk] fnL / cªu\ ]|hL efiffsf kf7o\ j|md dfq ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 . dfte[ fiffnfO{ :yfgLo ljifosf ¿kdf :yfgLo txn] ljsf; jf 5gf]6
u/L kf7\ojm| d ljsf; tyf sfof{Gjog ugk{' b5{ . gk] fnL / cª\u]|hL efiff ljifosf kf7\oj|md ;'gfO, af]nfO, k9fO / nv] fO u/L efiffsf
cfwf/e"t rf/ l;kx¿ tyf eflifs sfox{ ¿sf cfwf/df ;ª\ul7t ul/Psf] 5 . oL eflifs l;kx¿ tyf eflifs sfox{ ¿sf] l;sfOnfO{ klg
sx] L cGt/ljifos ljifoIf]qdf / cGonfO{ ljifoIfq] df ;ª\ul7t u/L ax'ljifos ;+/rgfcg';f/sf] 9frF fdf ;ª\ul7t ul/Psf] 5 .
-u_ ul0ft ljifoIf]qnfO{ klg sx] L ax'ljifos ljifoIfq] df ;ªu\ l7t u/L axl' jifos ;/+ rgfcg;' f/sf] 9fFrfdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 .
-3_ plNnlvt ljifoIf]qsf] kf7o\ jm| d ;+/rgfcGtu{t ;dfj]z xg' ;Sg] Jojxf/s'zn l;kx¿ klxrfg u/L k|To]sf sIff / ljifoIfq] df PsLst[
ug{] u/L kf7o\ j|mdsf] ;du| ;+/rgf tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .
-ª_ ;du| kf7o\ jm| dsf] ;+/rgf ax'ljifos 9frF fsf] PsLst[ :j¿ksf] /xs] f] 5 . o;df Jojxf/sz' n l;kx¿nfO{ ;a} sIff / ljifoIfq] df
pko'Sttfsf cfwf/df PsLst[ ul/Psf] 5 .
!@=! kf7o\ jm| dsf] PsLs[t ;/+ rgfdf sIffut l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f
sIff !–# sf] ;du| kf7o\ jm| dsf] PsLst[ ;+/rgfdf sIffut l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f u/L ljifoIfq] /lydcg';f/ lgDgcg;' f/ ;ª\ul7t
ul/Psf] 5 M
tflnsf @! M kf7\oj|mdsf] PsLst[ ;+/rgfdf sIffut l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:tt[ Ls/0f -sIff !_
ljifoj:ts' f] Ifq] xfdf| ] ;/] f]km]/f] ul0ft ljifoIf]qcg';f/ l;sfO pknlAw cªu\ h|] L efiff
-Theme/content gk] fnL efiff
Listening
area)
Imitate, identify and
!= j0f{ (Alphabet)
discriminate sounds.
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
Identify words that have the
same initial, medial or final
sound.
Blend individual sounds in
simple one-syllable words.
(e.g. /s/ /i/ /t/ →sit)
Recognize, identify and
produce rhyming words. (e.g.
cat →bat, sat)
Link an initial sound to a
picture of an object that
begins with that sound (e.g.
Show a picture of a book and
identify the initial sound /b/).
Name a printed letter that
matches with a sound (e.g.
the teacher says /t/ and the
student points to the /t/
letter).
Match spoken words to
printed words (e.g. the
teacher pronounces /pin/, and
the student selects pin from a
set of three word cards).
Recognize and comprehend
words and simple
expressions.
Respond to the audio or the
35
teacher non-verbally and
verbally.
Speaking
Imitate and produce sounds
and words.
Blend the initial sounds with
other sounds, i.e. onset with
rime. (e.g. c+at).
Pronounce grade appropriate
words correctly.
Ask and answer short, simple
questions.
Sing or recite a song/chant by
listening to the teacher or an
audio.
Reading
Read small and capital
letters.
Put sounds together to read
words and sentences.
Recognize and read familiar
words accompanied by
visuals.
Perform rhymes and chants
with appropriate rhyme and
rhythm.
Understand the meaning of
grade appropriate words.
Writing
Hold pencil correctly to gain
control to draw lines, curves,
circles, etc.
Develop hand-eye
coordination through drawing
lines and patterns.
Trace the letters and write
them.
Form lower and upper case
letters of regular size and
shape.
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
@= d / d]/f] kl/jf/ cfkmg\ f] gfd, 7]ufgf :yfgsf] cfwf/df Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f Language functions
/ klx/g atfpg j:tx' ¿nfO{ leq / Greeting and leave taking
(Me and my aflx/, cufl8 / Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u x'g] zAb Introducing
family) kl/jf/sf k5fl8, tn / dfly, klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f ug{ Talking about home and family
;b:ox¿nfO{ bfofF, afofF / lar, Listening
36 glhs / 6f9f 5'6o\ fpg s'/fsfgL, ;f]wk'5 / k|Zgf]Q/sf
pko'St clejfbg j|mddf pko'St efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{ Imitate, identify and
b]jgfu/L / lxGb'
ug{ c/l] as ;ª\Vofªs\ g lzi6frf/oS' t zAbsf] klxrfg / discriminate sounds.
k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ko| fu] ug{
cfkmg\ f] kl/jf/sf ug,{ k9\g, nV] g / Blend individual sounds in
;b:ox¿sf] gfd / t'ngf ug{ >Jo÷b[Zoaf]w
b[Zo j:t'sf] gfd pRrf/0f ug{ simple one-syllable words.
gftf atfpg k|rlnt cfsl[ t, /ª / ;ªs\ ]t (e.g. /s/ /i/ /t/ →sit)
cfkme" Gbf ;fgfnfO{ lrx\gsf] klxrfg ug{ Respond to the audio or the
dfof ug{ bZ[ o ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df d'Vo d'Vo
teacher non-verbally and
cfkmg\ f] kl/jf/sf ljifoj:t' klxrfg ug{ verbally.
;b:ox¿n] ug{] n]Voj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f
;dfg / c;dfg lrqsf] klxrfg Perform different kinds of
d'Vo d'Vo sfd
u/L ;ª\s]tg tyf lj;ªs\ ]tg ug{ listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
atfpg matching, etc.).
;d"xdf ;fwf/0f zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf Speaking
afnuLtdf no zAb klxrfg ug{
Imitate and produce sounds
ldnfO{ v6' \6f rfNg ;ª\s]ts -yfK] nf, ;ª\st] , j0f{ /
cª\s_ af6 ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq and words.
/ z/L/ xNnfpg lgdf0{ f ug{
Pronounce grade appropriate
cfkmn" ] vfg] zAbe08f/
vfg]s'/fsf gfd words correctly.
atfpg
:yfgLo :t/df j:t' jf lrqsf] gfd pRRff/0f ug{ Give basic personal
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^
kfOg] ;kmf / tfhf ;Ddfgaf]ws zAbsf] pRrf/0f, information about themselves
vfgs] /' f vfg] afgL cy{afw] / ko| f]u ug{ (e.g. name, address, family,
a;fNg nationality) using short words
bl} gs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAbx¿sf] and phrases.
cfkm\gf] vn] f}gf k|of]u ug{
atfpg / 3/df Ask and answer short, simple
ePsf vn] f}gfx¿ k7g kj| fx
ko| fu] u/L vn] afofFaf6 ;'? u/L bfoflF t/ / questions.
v]Ng
dflyaf6 ;'? u/L tnlt/ d'lb|t Sing or recite a song/chant by
;fyL;uF /dfOnf] ;fduL| k9\g
ub}{ :yfgLo v]n k7g af]w listening to the teacher or an
v]Ng ;ªs\ ]t / lrqsf cfwf/df zAb audio.
tyf ;Gbe{ klxrfg ug{ Reading
nfOgdf ldn]/ zLif{s tyf lrq x/] ]/ kj" f{gd' fg jf
lx8F g\ afgL ljsf; cg'dfg ug{ Put sounds together to read
ug{ k"jfg{ d' fg jf cgd' fg ldn] gldns] f]
5nkmn ug{ words and sentences.
lzIfssf] nv] fO
lgb{]zgcg';f/sf lbOPsf ;ª\s]tsf cfwf/df 58\s,] Recognize and read familiar
ljleGg syfdf l;wf / ufn] f] /]vf sfg] {
cfwfl/t vn] x¿ lrqdf /ª eg{ words accompanied by
v]Ng visuals.
sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f
kl] G;n, rs, k]:6n lnªu\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/sf] Vofn Perform rhymes and chants
jf v/Lsf] ko| f]u
u/L df6] f, dl;gf, u/L dfl} vs cleJolSt lbg with appropriate rhyme and
l;wf, jfªF \ufl6ª\uf rhythm.
/v] f sfg] { Wjlg ;rt] Ls/0f
c, cf, O j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f Understand the meaning of
cfkm\gf] 3/df ePsf
;/;fdfgx¿sf] ug{ grade appropriate words.
gfd atfpg / jfSodf zAb klxrfg / zAb u0fgf
htg ug{ Read words, simple sentences
ug{
;fwf/0f pks/0fsf] s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / and short paragraphs
cjnfs] g ug{ / correctly.
cfjZostfcg;' f/ k|ZgfQ] /sf j|mddf zAbsf] ;xL
dfkgsf nflu pRrf/0f;lxt ko| f]u ug{ Writing
k|ofu] ug{ >Jo÷b[Zoaf]w
>Jo / bZ[ o ;fduL| sf cfwf/df d'Vo Hold pencil correctly to gain
#= d]/f] bl} gs hLjg lzIfssf] lgb{]zgdf bl} gs d'Vo ljifoj:t' klxrfg ug{
-My daily life) cfwf/e"t of]u ljm| ofsnfkx¿sf] k|rlnt cfsl[ t, /ª / ;ªs\ t] control to draw lines, curves,
cEof; ug{ ;do eGg lrxg\ sf] klxrfg ug{ circles, etc.
-;v' f;g, lzz' xfpefp / clego;lxt dfl} vs
cf;g / zjf;g_ xKtfsf lbgx¿ eGg k:| t'lt ug{ Develop hand-eye
/ n]Vg nV] oj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f
z/L/nfO{ ljleGg ;ª\s]ts -yfK] nf, ;ªs\ t] , j0f{ / coordination through drawing
lbzfdf tGsfpg / cªs\ _ af6 j0fs{ f] 9frF f lgdf0{ f ug{ lines and patterns.
em' sfpg c j0f{ / cf, O, O{ j0f{ tyf dfqfsf]
;ªs\ t] g Pjd\ lj;ªs\ t] g u/L Trace the letters and write
esG' 8f] u8' fpg] / 9fFrfsf] cgs' /0f ug{
;dfpg] cEof; ug{ zAbe08f/ them.
kl/lrt j:t' / lrqsf] gfd pRrf/0f
l7s tl/sfn] lxF8\g, ug{ Demonstrate good
pleg, a:g / ;'Tg bl} gs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw
zAb, zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ª\st] s handwriting skills.
l;wf /v] fdf bf8} g zAb pRrf/0f ug{ Language functions
l;wf / Talking about days of the week
Expressing ability
afªu\ f]l6ª\uf] /]vfdf Telling time
tfn ldnfP/ lxF8\g Listening
ljljw lbzfdf tfn Recognize, identify and
ldnfP/ z/L/
3d' fpg / a6fg{ produce rhyming words. (e.g.
cat →bat, sat)
z/L/sf aflx/L
cª\ux¿sf] klxrfg Match spoken words to
/ ;/;kmfO ug{
printed words (e.g. the
xft wfP] / vfg] teacher pronounces /pin/, and
afgL a;fNg the student selects pin from a
set of three word cards).
rkL{df lb;flk;fa
ug]{ afgL a;fNg Recognize and comprehend
;kmf / ;/' lIft words and simple
kfgL lkpg] afgL expressions.
a;fNg
Respond to the audio or the
cfkmg\ f] j/k/
teacher non-verbally and
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ verbally.
Perform different kinds of
listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
matching, etc.).
Speaking
Imitate and produce sounds
and words.
Pronounce grade appropriate
words correctly.
Ask and answer short, simple
questions.
Sing or recite a song/chant by
37
pknAw kf7sf cgR' 5b] ;'gL gofF zAb listening to the teacher or an
;fdu|Lx¿af6 klxrfg ug{ audio.
agfOPsf /ªx¿ k7g kj| fx Reading
ko| f]u u/L cfn}F f jf
5]:sfn] sfuhdf j0f{ tyf lj;ª\st] s zAb k9\g Put sounds together to read
:jtGq ¿kn] lrq k7g af]w
agfpg words and sentences.
zLifs{ tyf lrqaf/] k"jf{g'dfg jf
cfkmg\ f] OR5fcg;' f/ cgd' fg ug{ Recognize and read familiar
:jtGq ¿kdf lrq
sfg] { cfkm\gf] cg'ej;uF kf7sf ;Gbe{ ldn] words accompanied by
gldn]sf] bfFHg visuals
bl} gs hLjgdf
ljB'ts\ f] pkof]u :yfgLo kl/j]z / kf7sf] ;Gbe{af/] Perform rhymes and chants
pNn]v ug{ 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ug{
with appropriate rhyme and
3/df vfgf ksfpg nv] fO rhythm.
k|of]u ul/g]
OGwgsf] gfd lbOPsf ;ªs\ t] sf cfwf/df 58s\ ], Understand the meaning of
atfpg l;wf / uf]nf] /v] f sfg] {
grade appropriate words.
ljleGg k|sf/sf c, cf, O, O{ j0f{sf] cgn' v] g ug{
Wjlgx¿ klxrfg lj;ª\st] g zAb tyf nAw zAbsf] Read words, simple sentences
ug{ / ltgLx¿sf
;|f]t atfpg cg'n]vg ug{ and short paragraphs
correctly.
j:t' bV] g k|sfz sfo{dn" s Jofs/0f Writing
cfjZos kg]{ tYo
atfpg / k|sfzsf lnªu\ , jrg, k?' if / cfb/sf] Use correct spelling of the
d'Vo ;f| t] klxrfg ;r]ttf;lxt dfl} vs cleJolSt lbg
ug{ words.
lj|mofsf sfncg;' f/ ljifoj:t' jf
;Gbes{ f] j0f{g ug{ Write simple phrases and
sentences independently.
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
$= xfd|f] ;d'bfo (Our cfgf bf}Ft/Lx¿;Fu b]jgfu/L / lxGb' Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f
Community) ldnLhn' L a:g / c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg
v]Ng k4ltdf @! bl] v !)) p, P j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f
ug{
;fyL / kl/jf/df ;Dd uGtL ug,{ k9g\ ,
cfk;L ;xofu] lng n]Vg / tn' gf ug{ c, cf, O, p, P j0f{ klxrfg u/L
/ lbg tyf ;xsfo{ pRrf/0f ug{
b]jgfu/L / lxGb'
ug{ c/l] as ;ª\Vofª\sg >Jo÷bZ[ oafw]
k4ltdf Ps bv] L
wf/f, zfr} fno aL;;Dd cIf/df k9\g >JobZ[ o ;fduL| sf cfwf/df
cflbsf] ko| fu] sf] / nV] g xfpefp / clego;lxt df}lvs
jm| ddf kfnf] klv{g k|:t'ltsf] gSsn ug{
7f]; j:t'sf] k|of]u u/L
;fyL;Fu /dfOnf] @) ;Ddsf cfZro{, pT;s' tf, 30[ ff, lrGtf,
ub{} vn] ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ hf]/ / xif{ h:tf ;j+ u] fTds cleJolSt
-3]/fdf vl] ng] v]n, lahf]/ ;ªV\ ofdf a'em/] k|ltljm| of JoSt ug{
;dx" df v]lng] vn] _ juLs{ /0f ug{
vN] g nV] oj0f{ ;rt] Ls/0f
of]ukmn @) ;Dd
kft, ?vsf af]jm| f, cfpg] tLgcf]6f ;Dd ;ª\st] s -yfK] nf, ;ªs\ t] , j0f{ /
l;Ssf, sk8f ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ cªs\ _ af6 p, pm, C, P, P]
cflbnfO{ 3f]6]/ j0fs{ f] 9fFrf lgdf{0f ug{
ljleGg 6S] ;r/ ck|fdfl0fs gfkf]sf]
5kfO ug{ / kb| zg{ ko| f]u u/L 7f]; k9]sf :j/j0f{ tyf dfqfsf]
ug{ j:t'x¿ gfKg / ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª\st] g u/L
To;sf] cfwf/df 9frF fsf] cg's/0f ug{
cfk"mnfO{ ;Grf] cUnf] / xfr] f], nfdf] /
gePsf] s/' f 5f]6f] 5'6o\ fpg zAbe08f/
kl/jf/, ;fyL /
kl/lrt j:t' / lrqx¿sf] gfd
eGg
lzIfsnfO{ atfpg
b}lgs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw
la/fdLkbf{ pkrf/ zAb, zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ª\st] s
ug{ hfg] :jf:Yo
zAbsf] pRrf/0f / cya{ fw] ug{
;:+ yfx¿sf] gfd
kf7 ;g' L gofF zAb klxrfg /
atfpg pRrf/0f ug{
cfkm" la/fdL kbf{
kl/jf/, ;fyL /
k7g kj| fx
lzIfssf] ;xof]u
lng :j/j0f{ tyf lj;ª\st] s zAb
;g]{ /f]ux¿sf] gfd k9\g
atfpg k7g afw]
j/k/sf hgfj/x¿ :yfgLo kl/jz] / kf7ut ;Gbe{
klxrfg ug{ a'em]/ 5nkmn ug{
hgfj/x¿sf] vfgf ljleGg zLif{s, lrq, kl/j]z /
lrGg / gfd ;Gbe{sf cfwf/df 5nkmn /
38 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
atfpg kZ| gfQ] / ug{
kf7sf cfwf/df kfq klxrfg u/L
hgfj/x¿sf aRrf
lrGg / ltgLx¿sf ltgsf sfos{ f] j0fg{ ug{
gfd atfpg
n]vfO
hgfj/x¿sf]
x/] rfxdf ;Sbf] ljleGg cfs[lt÷;ª\s]tsf]
;xof]u ug{ cg'nv] g ug{
cfk\mgf] jl/kl/ yf]Knf hf8] L ljleGg cfs[lt
/xs] f agfpg
kz'kG5Lx¿sf]
ljm| ofsnfksf] k9]sf j0fs{ f] cg'n]vg tyf
cjnfs] g u/L >l' tnv] g ug{
ltgsf] clego ug{
lj;ª\s]ts zAb tyf nAw zAbsf]
cg'n]vg ug{
sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f
k"0f{lj/fd, cNklj/fd / kZ| gjfrs
lrxg\ sf] k|ofu] u/L df}lvs
cleJolSt lbg
%= xfd|f] ljBfno (Our cfkmg\ f] ljBfnosf] klxnfb] l] v b;fF;} Ddsf Wjlg ;rt] Ls/0f Language functions
school) gfd / 7]ufgf :yfg klxrfg Talking about present action
ug{ cf] j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f Giving simple commands
atfpg ug{ Asking for permission
xft nfuL gcfpg] / Listening
cfkmgf ;fyLx¿ / ofu] kmn !)) ;Dd c, cf, O, p, P, cf] j0f{ klxrfg
sIff lzIfssf] gfd cfpg] bO' {cf6] f u/L pRrf/0f ug{ Recognize and comprehend
atfpg words and simple
expressions.
ljBfnodf ePsf ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ >Jo÷b[Zoafw]
;/;fdfgx¿sf] 7f]; j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/L Respond to the audio or the
gfd atfpg @) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf] >Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df
36fp ug{ xfpefp / clego;lxt df}lvs teacher non-verbally and
z/L/ ttfpg] k|:tl' t ug{ verbally.
;fdfGo s;/t ug{ ;fk6L lng gkg{] bO' {
cª\s;Ddsf] cfZro,{ pT;s' tf, 3[0ff, lrGtf, Respond to simple
kL=6L= tflnsf g+= ! ;ªV\ ofsf] 36fp ug{ xif{ h:tf ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt
bl] v # ;Ddsf ae' m/] kl| tlj|mof JoSt ug{ commands and questions.
s;/tx¿ tfn
nV] oj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f Perform different kinds of
ldnfP/ ug{ listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
k|fsl[ ts j:tx' ¿ ;ªs\ ]ts -yf]Knf, ;ª\st] , j0f{ / matching, etc.).
6f;F /] ;/n cªs\ _ af6 cf,] cf,} c+, cM j0f{sf] Speaking
cfs[ltx¿sf] 9fFrf lgdf{0f ug{ Imitate and produce sounds
;o+ f]hg ug{ rGb|laGb' - _F , lz/laGb' - +_ / and words.
kmn" af/Lsf] tyf lj;u{ - M _ sf] k|of]u ug{
af]6la?jfx¿sf] Pronounce grade appropriate
x/] rfx ug{
k9s] f :j/j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] words correctly.
3/, ljBfno, ;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ª\s]tg u/L
Ask and answer short, simple
af6f]3f6f] / 9fFrfsf] cgs' /0f ug{ questions.
;db' fodf 36]sf
zAbe08f/ Sing or recite a song/chant by
b'36{ gfaf6 ePsf] kl/lrt j:t' / lrqx¿sf] ;d"x listening to the teacher or an
rf6] k6s JoSt ug{ agfpg audio.
3/, ljBfno / bl} gs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw Reading
af6f]3f6f]df x'g] zAb, zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ªs\ ]ts
Put sounds together to read
b'3{6gf / ckl/lrt zAbsf] pRrf/0f / cya{ fw] ug{
a]jfl/;] j:t'k|lt kf7sf cgR' 5b] ;g' ]/ gofF zAb words and sentences.
;rt] /xg
klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ Recognize and read familiar
j/k/ 36\g ;Sg]
ks| fk] kl| t ;hu words accompanied by
/xg
visuals
lzIfssf]
lgb{]zgcg';f/ k7g k|jfx Perform rhymes and chants
prfO / nfdf]
pkm| g :j/j0f,{ lj;ªs\ ]ts / nAw zAb with appropriate rhyme and
k9g\ rhythm.
k7g afw] Understand the meaning of
grade appropriate words.
:yfgLo kl/jz] , kf7sf] kl/jz] Read words, simple sentences
/ cfkmg\ f] cg'ejaf/] 5nkmn ug{
and short paragraphs
zLif{s, lrq, kl/jz] / ;Gbe{sf correctly.
cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
Retrieve specific information
kf7sf cfwf/df kfq / 36gf from simple sentences.
klxrfg u/L j0fg{ ug{ Writing
nv] fO Write letters and words in a
straight line from left to right
;ª\s]ts -yf]Knf, ;ª\st] , j0f{ / with regular spacing between
cª\s_ af6 j0fs{ f] 9fFrf lgdf{0f words.
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 39
ug{ Copy letters and highly
k9s] f j0fs{ f] cgn' v] g /
frequent familiar words and
>'ltnv] g ug{
phrases correctly and
lj;ªs\ t] s zAb tyf nAw zAbsf] reproduce them.
cgn' v] g ug{ Combine and recombine
sfo{dn" s Jofs/0f different letters to form
words, and put the words in
k0" fl{ j/fd, cNklj/fd, kZ| gjfrs,
correct order to form simple
lj:doflbafw] s / p4/0f lrxg\ sf] k|ofu]
sentences.
cj:yf Vofn u/L cleJolSt lbg
Use correct spelling of the
words.
Write simple phrases and
sentences independently.
Give basic personal
information in writing (e.g.
name, address, age,
nationality).
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
^= xfdf| ] j/k/sf hLj ;hLj / lghL{j
hGt' (Animal j:tx' ¿ klxrfg
and plants ug{
around us)
;hLj / lghLj{
j:t'x¿ nIf0f
atfpg
j/k/sf la?jfx¿
klxrfg ug{
7'nf, demf}nf /
;fgf la?jfx¿nfO{
j|mdzM ?v, a6' o\ fg
/ emf/kftdf
juLs{ /0f u/L
;fdfGo a0f{g ug{
la?jfsf ljleGg
efux¿ -h/f, 8fF7,
kft, km"n / kmn_
klxrfg ug{
&= xfd|f] jftfj/0f (Our cfk\mgf] sf]7f / Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f Language functions
environment) ljBfnosf] dfqf gnfu]sf / nfu]sf s j0fs{ f] Identifying
klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / zAbdf Describing location
sIffsf7] f ;/;kmfO Identifying colours
ug{] afgL a;fNg j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f ug{ Asking and answering 'Yes/No'
and 'Wh' questions
:jR5 jftfj/0fkl| t lj;ªs\ t] s zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Listening
;rt] eO{ j/k/sf] Wjlg klxrfg tyf pRrf/0f ug{
jftfj/0f ;kmf >Jo÷bZ[ oafw] Match spoken words to
/fVg ;xof]u ug{ cfZro,{ pT;'stf, 3[0ff, lrGtf, printed words (e.g. the
xif{ h:tf ;j+ ]ufTds cleJolSt teacher pronounces /pin/, and
3/ tyf ljBfnodf ae' m]/ kl| tlj|mof JoSt ug{ the student selects pin from a
pTkGg x'g] set of three word cards).
cgd' fg / ;d:of klxrfg;lxt
kmfx] f]/nfO{ tfl] sPsf] df}lvs j0f{g ug{ Recognize and comprehend
:yfgdf /fVg n]Voj0f{ ;r]tLs/0f words and simple
expressions.
j/k/sf j:t' tyf ;ª\st] s -yfK] nf, ;ªs\ ]t, j0f{ /
36gf;DaGwL cª\s_ af6 j0fs{ f] 9fFrf lgdf0{ f Respond to the audio or the
ug{
vfh] dn" s ;fwf/0f teacher non-verbally and
k9s] f j0f{ -:j/ / Jo~hg_ tyf verbally.
k|Zgx¿ ;f]Wg dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ª\s]tg
u/L 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ug{ Perform different kinds of
j/k/sf] kf| sl[ ts /
dfgjlgldt{ j:t'x¿ listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
klxrfg ug{
cfkm\gf j/k/sf zAbe08f/ matching, etc.).
j:tn' fO{ cfsf/,
k"j{1fgdf cfwfl/t eO{ wf/0ff / Speaking
;fOh, uGw, lr;f,] ZfAbnfO{ l;sfO;uF ldn] gldns] f] Pronounce grade appropriate
tftf,] s8f, bfFHg words correctly.
g/dnufotsf kf7sf cg'R5]bsf cfwf/df gofF
zAb klxrfg, cy{af]w / ko| f]u
u'0fx¿sf cfwf/df Ask and answer short, simple
lrGg / 56' \ofpg ug{ questions.
bl} gs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb, nAw
Sing or recite a song/chant by
zAb, zLif{ zAb tyf lj;ª\s]ts
listening to the teacher or an
40 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
zAbsf] cy{af]w / jfSodf ko| f]u audio.
ug{
k7g kj| fx Name people, objects and
xfpefp, ult / z4' tf;lxt places and describe them
lj;ªs\ t] s j0f,{ zAb / ;/n with adjectives.
jfSo k9\g Reading
k7g afw] Put sounds together to read
:yfgLo kl/jz] , kf7sf] kl/j]z /
words and sentences.
cfkm\gf] cg'ejaf/] 5nkmn ug{
Recognize and read familiar
zLifs{ , lrq, kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f
af/d] f 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ words accompanied by
visuals
Kff7df cfwfl/t eO{ Kffq, sfo,{
36gf / rl/q klxrfg tyf j0f{g Perform rhymes and chants
ug{
with appropriate rhyme and
nv] fO rhythm.
;ª\st] s -yf]Knf, ;ªs\ t] , j0f{ / Understand the meaning of
cªs\ _ af6 j0fs{ f] 9fFrf lgdf0{ f
ug{ grade appropriate words.
j0f{ tyf zAbsf] cgn' v] g / Read words, simple sentences
>l' tnv] g ug{
and short paragraphs
k9s] f zAb k|of]u ePsf jfSosf] correctly.
cfsf/ks| f/ ldnfO{ pkoS' t
9fFrfdf cgn' ]vg ug{ Retrieve specific information
sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f from simple sentences.
lnªu\ , jrg, k'?if / cfb/sf] Do different kinds of
;r]ttf;lxt dfl} vs tyf lnlvt
cleJolSt lbg comprehension tasks
(answering verbally,
ljm| ofsf sfncg;' f/sf jfSosf] matching, action, etc.)
k|ofu] u/L ljifoj:t' jf ;Gbe{sf] Writing
j0fg{ ug{
Write letters and words in a
*= d/] f] ;/;dfg (My
straight line from left to right
belongings) with regular spacing between
words.
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
Copy letters and highly
frequent familiar words and
phrases correctly and
reproduce them.
Combine and recombine
different letters to form
words, and put the words in
correct order to form simple
sentences.
Use correct spelling of
words.
Write simple phrases and
sentences independently.
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
Language function
Describing possessions
Listening
Match spoken words to
printed words (e.g. the
teacher pronounces /pin/, and
the student selects pin from a
set of three word cards).
Recognize and comprehend
words and simple
expressions.
Respond to the audio or the
teacher non-verbally and
verbally.
Respond to simple
commands and questions.
Perform different kinds of
listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
matching, etc.).
Speaking
Pronounce grade appropriate
41
words correctly.
Ask and answer short, simple
questions.
Sing or recite a song/chant by
listening to the teacher or an
audio.
Name people, objects and
places and describe them
with adjectives.
Reading
Recognize and read familiar
words accompanied by
visuals
Perform rhymes and chants
with appropriate rhyme and
rhythm.
Understand the meaning of
grade appropriate words.
Read words, simple sentences
and short paragraphs
correctly.
Retrieve specific information
from simple sentences.
Do different kinds of
comprehension tasks
(answering verbally,
matching, action, etc.)
Writing
Write letters and words in a
straight line from left to right
with regular spacing between
words.
Copy letters and highly
frequent familiar words and
phrases correctly and
reproduce them.
My Combine and recombine
different letters to form
words, and put the words in
correct order to form simple
sentences.
Use correct spelling of
words.
Write simple phrases and
sentences independently.
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
(= d/] f] l;hg{ f (My ;g' ]sf :yfgLo :yfgsf] cfwf/df Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f
creation) uLtx¿ ;d"xdf / j:tx' ¿nfO{ leq /
aflx/, cufl8 /
PSn} ufpg k5fl8, tn / dfly, dfqf gnfu]sf / nfu]sf v, u, 3
bfofF, afofF / lar, j0f{sf] klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f /
;d"xdf /fli6o« ufg glhs / 6f9f 5'6\ofpg zAbdf j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f ug{
tyf /fli6o«
l;wf /v] f / jjm| /v] f, lj;ª\st] s zAbsf ;'? jf
efjgfsf uLt klxrfg ug{, 6];« ug{ cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f
/ lrq sf]g{ ug{
ufpg
cfgf] j/k/ kfOg]
Psn jf ;d"xdf HofldtLo cfsf/x¿ >Jo÷bZ[ oaf]w
tfnL ahfpg -lqeh' , rt'eh{' / j[Q_
lrGg
afnuLt tyf >Jo jf bZ[ o ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df
sIffut uLtdf d'Vo dV' o ljifoj:t' klxrfg ug{
tfnL ahfpbF } ufpg cfZro,{ pT;s' tf, 3[0ff, lrGtf,
xif{ h:tf ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt
cfkmn" ] l;ss] f a'em]/ kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{
uLtx¿ no, tfn /
nV] oj0f{ ;rt] Ls/0f
efj ldnfO{ Psn /
;fdl" xs gT[ o ug{
:yfgLo afhfx¿sf] ;ª\st] s -yfK] nf, ;ªs\ t] , j0f{ /
gfd atfpg
42 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
cfsl[ tljxLg cªs\ _ af6 j0f{sf] 9frF f lgdf0{ f
5kfOsfo{ ug{ ug{
k9s] f j0f{ -:j/ / Jo~hg_ tyf
df6f], lk7f] cflbdf dfqfsf] ;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ªs\ t] g
ljleGg cfs[ltsf u/L pkoS' t 9fFrfdf nV] g
j:t'n] lyr]/ cfsf/
k|sf/ agfpg / zAbe08f/
/ªu\ nufpg
k"j1{ fgdf cfwfl/t eO{ wf/0ff /
ZfAbnfO{ l;sfO;Fu ldn] gldn]sf]
bfHF g
zLif{ zAb, nAw zAb tyf
lj;ª\st] s zAbsf] cya{ fw] ;lxt
jfSodf k|of]u ug{
kf7sf cg'R5b] k9/] gofF zAb
klxrfg, cya{ f]w / k|of]u ug{
k7g kj| fx
xfpefp, ult / z4' tf;lxt
lj;ª\s]ts j0f{, zAb / ;/n
jfSo k9g\
k7g af]w
kf7ut ;Gbe{ / kl/j]zsf af/d] f
5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ug{
kf7df k|of]u ePsf zAbsf] cy{
atfpg
cfkmg\ f] cge' j;Fu kf7sf ;Gbe{sf]
tn' gf ug{
n]vfO
!)= xfd|f] ;+:s[lt (Our kl/jf/df dgfpg] j0f{, zAb / jfSosf] cgn' v] g / Language functions
culture) rf8kj{sf] gfd >'ltn]vg ug{ Asking and answering about age
Understanding and using numbers
atfpg cg'R5b] cgn' ]vg ug{
(one to twenty)
kl/jf/df dgfOg] sfod{ "ns Jofs/0f Listening
rf8kj{df vfOg]
k0" f{lj/fd, cNklj/fd, k|Zgjfrs, Match spoken words to
vfgs] '/fx¿sf] gfd lj:doflbafw] s / p4/0f lrx\gsf]
k|ofu] cj:yf Vofn u/L eGg / printed words (e.g. the
atfpg n]Vg teacher pronounces /pin/, and
the student selects pin from a
3/df ljleGg lj|mofsf sfncg';f/sf jfSosf] set of three word cards).
;dodf ul/g] k|ofu] u/L df}lvs tyf lnlvt
cleJolSt lbg Recognize and comprehend
ljm| ofsnfkx¿
Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f words and simple
atfpg -h:t} M dfqf gnfus] f / nfus] f 6, 7, 8, expressions.
hGdlbg, sn' kh" f, 9, t, y j0f{sf] klxrfg u/L Respond to the audio or the
pRrf/0f / zAbdf j0f{
ljjfx, j|taGw lje]bLs/0f ug{ teacher non-verbally and
lj;ª\s]tg zAbsf ;'? jf cGTosf verbally.
cflb_ Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{
zAbsf j0f{ ljefhg ug{ / j0f{ Respond to simple
cfgf ;db' fosf hf8] ]/, 56' o\ fP/, lems/] , yk/] /
;+sf/x¿ -b;F,} kl/jtg{ u/]/ zAb agfpg commands and questions.
>Jo÷bZ[ oafw]
ltxf/, 56, >Jo jf b[Zo ;fdu|Lsf cfwf/df Perform different kinds of
d'Vo d'Vo ljifoj:t' klxrfg ug{
lj|m;d;, Ob, cgd' fg / sNkgf u/L dfl} vs listening tasks (e.g. drawing,
j0fg{ ug{ matching, etc.).
ljleGg hfqf cflb_ n]Voj0f{ ;rt] Ls/0f Speaking
;ªs\ ]ts -yfK] nf, ;ªs\ ]t, j0f{ /
sf] cj:yf emNsg] cªs\ _ af6 j0fs{ f] 9frF f lgdf0{ f Pronounce grade appropriate
ug{
lrqdf /ª eg{ k9]sf j0f{ -:j/ / Jo~hg_ tyf
dfqfsf] ;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
/fli6o« lrxg\ x¿sf] u/L 9frF fsf] cg's/0f ug{
klxrfg ug{ 0f j0f{ klxrfg u/L 9frF fsf]
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 43
!!= ;~rf/ kl| jlw / b}lgs hLjgdf rng rNtLdf /x]sf ?= cgs' /0f ug{ words correctly.
ahf/ - k|of]u xg' ] ;~rf/sf !)) ;Ddsf g]kfnL zAbe08f/
dfWodx¿sf] gfd l;Ssf tyf gf]6 lrGg ;Ddfgaf]ws zAbsf] pRrf/0f, Give basic personal
Communication atfpg
technology and lrquf| kmaf6 hfgsf/L cya{ fw] / k|of]u ug{ information about themselves
market) cfkmgf] kl/jf/ / lng / lbg kj" 1{ fgdf cfwfl/t eO{ wf/0ff / (e.g. name, address, family,
;fyLx¿;uF df}lvs nationality) using short words
44 ;~rf/ ug{ ZfAbnfO{ l;sfO;Fu ldn] gldn]sf] and phrases.
bfFHg
;~rf/sf ;fwgx¿ b}lgs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb, zLif{ Ask and answer short, simple
ko| fu] ubf{ zAb, nAw zAb tyf lj;ªs\ ]ts
ckgfpg'kg]{ zAbsf] cya{ fw] / jfSodf ko| f]u questions.
;'/Iffsf ug{
pkfox¿k|lt ;rt] :t/cg';f/sf kf7\o;fduL| k9]/ Sing or recite a song/chant by
gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{af]w /
ko| fu] ug{ listening to the teacher or an
k7g kj| fx audio.
xfpefp, ult / z4' tf;lxt Reading
lj;ª\st] s j0f,{ zAb / jfSo
k9g\ Recognize and read familiar
k7g af]w
kf7ut ;Gbe{ / kl/jz] sf words accompanied by
cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] / ug{ visuals.
kf7sf cfwf/df ;f/ atfpg
kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{ klxrfg u/L Perform rhymes and chants
tn' gf ug{
cfkmg\ f] cg'ej;uF kf7sf] ;Gbe{ with appropriate rhyme and
ldn] gldn]sf] bfHF g rhythm.
nv] fO
j0f,{ zAb / jfSosf] cg'nv] g Understand the meaning of
tyf >l' tnv] g ug{
;/n Pjd\ 5f6] f cgR' 5b] sf] grade appropriate words.
cgn' v] g ug{
sfod{ n" s Jofs/0f Read words, simple sentences
k"0fl{ j/fd, cNklj/fd, k|Zgjfrs,
lj:doflbaf]ws / p4/0f lrxg\ sf] and short paragraphs
k|of]u u/L eGg / n]Vg correctly.
ljm| ofsf sfncg';f/sf jfSosf]
k|of]u u/L dfl} vs tyf lnlvt Retrieve specific information
cleJolSt lbg
from simple sentences.
Wjlg ;r]tLs/0f
dfqf gnfu]sf / nfus] f b, w, g, Do different kinds of
k, km, a, e, d, o j0f{sf] klxrfg comprehension tasks
u/L pRrf/0f / zAbdf j0f{ (answering verbally,
lje]bLs/0f ug{ matching, action, etc.)
lj;ªs\ t] g zAbsf ;?' jf cGTosf Writing
Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{
>Jo÷bZ[ oafw] Write letters and words in a
xfpefp / clego;lxt
ljifoj:ts' f] dfl} vs k:| tl' t ug{ straight line from left to right
cg'dfg / ;d:of ;dfwfg;lxt with regular spacing between
df}lvs j0f{g ug{ words.
Copy letters and highly
frequent familiar words and
phrases correctly and
reproduce them.
Combine and recombine
different letters to form
words, and put the words in
correct order to form simple
sentences.
Use correct spelling of
words.
Write simple phrases and
sentences independently.
Give basic personal
information in writing (e.g.
name, address, age,
nationality).
Demonstrate good
handwriting skills.
Language function
Talking about jobs
Listening
Match spoken words to
printed words (e.g. the
teacher pronounces /pin/, and
the student selects pin from a
set of three word cards).
Recognize and comprehend
words and simple
expressions.
Respond to the audio or the
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
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RS2457_FINAL CURRICULUM GRADE 1-3 2076
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