RS2457_FINAL CURRICULUM GRADE 1-3 2076

dft[efiff jf g]kfnL efiff xg' ] 5 . t/ sIff !–# df ul0ft ljifosf nflu / sIff $–% df ul0ft / lj1fg tyf kl| jlw ljifosf nflu eg]
cª\u|]hLnfO{ dfWod efiff agfpg klg ;lsg] 5 . axd' fte[ fifL ljBfyLx{ ¿ ;dfj]z ePsf sIffdf kf7o\ ;fduL| hg' efiffdf eP klg ax'efifL
lzIfs pknAw eP;Dd sIffsf7] fsf] lzIf0f l;sfOdf axe' fiff k|ofu] ug'{ pkoS' t x'g] 5 .

 cfwf/e"t txsf] sIff ^–* klg dfte[ fiff, :yfgLo jf g]kfnL efiffnfO{ dfWod efiff agfpg kf| ]T;flxt ul/g] eP klg ul0ft / lj1fg tyf
k|ljlw ljifosf nflu cªu\ ]|hLnfO{ dfWod efiff agfpg klg ;lsg] 5 .

 dfWolds txdf eg] g]kfnL jf cªu\ |]hL dfWod efiff x'g ;Sg] 5 t/ ;fdflhs cWoog / dfgj dN" o÷rfl/lqs lzIff h:tf ljifox¿nufot
g]kfnL snf, ;:+ sl[ t / dfl} ns klxrfgdn" s ljifoj:t'x¿sf] k7gkf7gsf nflu kf7\o;fduL| / dfWod gk] fnL efiff xg' ] 5 .

 kf| /lDes afnlzIffsf nflu eg] sIffsf7] fdf dfte[ fiff jf g]kfnL efiff g} ko| fu] ugk{' g{] 5 eg] ax'dft[efifL ljBfyL{x¿ ;dfj]z ePsf]
cj:yfdf ax'efiff k|ofu] u/L afnaflnsfnfO{ ljm| ofsnfkdf ;l/s u/fpg' pko'St x'g] 5 .

 ljBfno txsf] k7gkf7gsf nflu ;Dej eP;Dd plNnlvt dfWod efiffd} nl] vPsf kf7o\ ;fduL| k|of]u ug'{kb{5 .

 ljBfno txdf efiff ljifosf] kf7o\ ;fduL| / k7gkf7g ;fdfGotof ;DalGwt efiffdf g} xg' ] 5 .

 ;:+ st[ tyf k/Dk/fut lzIfftkms{ f zf:qLo ljifox¿sf] kf7o\ ;fduL| / k7gkf7gsf] dfWod ;DalGwt efiff x'g ;Sg] 5 . wfld{s k|s[ltsf
ljifox¿sf] k7gkf7g ;DalGwt wflds{ u|Gy n]lvPsf] efiffdf g} ug{ ;lsg] 5 .

!&= kf7\oj|md sfof{Gjog ofh] gf

kf7o\ jm| d lgdf0{ f tyf sfof{Gjog ultzLn kl| jm| of ePsfn] o;sf] lgdf{0f / sfof{Gjog ;xh /v] Lo k4ltsf ¿kdf geO{ cGt/;DalGwt rj|msf
¿kdf /xg] ub5{ . kf7\ojm| dsf ;Gbe{x¿sf] ljZn]if0f u/L cjwf/0ff ljsf;, kf7\oj|mdsf] d:ofb} f tof/, ljleGg ;/fs] f/jfnfx¿;Fu 5nkmnaf6
/fo tyf ;e' mfj kf| Kt u/L k|fKt ;e' mfjx¿;dt] nfO{ pkoS' ttfsf cfwf/df ;dfj]z u/L of] kf7o\ j|md tof/ ul/Psf] 5 .

/fli6«o kf7o\ j|md k|f¿k, @)&^ n] lglbi{ 6 u/c] g';f/sf] ljBfno txsf] kf7\ojm| d ;+/rgfdf cfwfl/t eO{ tof/ ul/Psf] of] kf7\ojm| d sfofG{ jog
ug{ ljBfno tyf lzIfssf nflu cfjZos kg{] kf7\oj|md lgbl{] zsf, lzIfs lgbl{] zsf, ljBfyL{sf nflu cfjZos kf7\ok:' ts, cEof;kl' :tsf, ;Gbe{
;fdu|Lnufotsf l;sfO ;fduL| x¿ ljsf; u/L ltgsf] k/LIf0f tyf ;'wf/ ug'{ cfjZos 5 eg] csf{lt/ gofF ljifj:t' / l;sfO k|lj|mofdf lgk0" f{ xg' ]
u/L lzIfssf] ljsf; / 5gf6] ug'{ kf7\oj|mdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu clgjfo{ 5 . o;n] ljBdfg lzIfs tof/L / lzIfs k];fut ljsf;
sfo{j|mddf kl/dfh{g cfjZos bv] fPsf] 5 . To;} u/L kf7o\ jm| dsf] gofF 9fFrfcg;' f/sf] lzIf0f l;sfO sfo{ ;~rfng u/L ljBfyL{df ck]lIft
;Ifdtf xfl;n u/fpgsf nflu lzIf0f l;sfO ljlw tyf kl| j|mofdf ;w' f/ u/L lj|mofsnfkdv' L / ljBfyL{sl] Gbt| agfOg' cfjZos 5 eg] ljBfyLs{ f]
d"Nofª\sgnfO{ lzIf0f l;sfO kl| j|mofs} cleGg cªu\ sf ¿kdf ko| f]u u/L ljBfyL{ d"Nofªs\ gnfO{ l;sfOsf ¿kdf / l;sfOsf nflu pkof]u ug'k{ g{]
xG' 5 .

ljBfno txdf /fli6«o kf7\ojm| d kf| ¿k, @)&^ n] lbPsf] kf7\oj|md ;+/rgf tyf cfwf/cg;' f/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] sIff !–# sf] of] kf7o\ j|md tyf
ljBfno txsf nflu lgdf{0f ul/g] cGo kf7o\ jm| dsf] sfof{Gogsf] tflnsf oxfF k:| tt' ul/Psf] 5 .

tflnsf @* M kf7o\ sd| tyf kf7o\ ;fdu|L k/LIf0f tyf sfofG{ jog tflnsf

sIff z}lIfs jif{ / k/LIf0f tyf sfof{Gjog jif{

zl} Ifs jif{ zl} Ifs jif{ z}lIfs jif{ zl} Ifs jif{ z}lIfs jif{
@)*)
@)&^ @)&& @)&* @)&(
sfofG{ jog
! k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog sfof{Gjog
sfofG{ jog
@ k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog

# k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog

$ k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog

% k/LIf0f

^ k/LIf0f sfofG{ jog

& k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog

*

( k/LIf0f sfof{Gjog

!)

!! sfof{Gjog

!@ sfof{Gjog

pko'S{ t tflnsfcg;' f/ kf7o\ j|md ljsf; sG] b|n] kf7\ojm| d tyf kf7o\ j|md;Fu ;DalGwt ;fduL| sf] ljsf; tyf ka| fw] Ls/0f, kf7\oj|md k/LIf0f tyf ;'wf/ ug]{ eP

klg kf7\oj|mdsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu cGo tof/L tyf sfo{x¿ klg cfjZos 5g\ . vf; u/L lzIfs tof/L / ljsf;, lzIf0f l;sfOsf nflu
ljBfno tyf sIffsf7] fsf] l;sfO jftfj/0f ;w' f/ / :yfgLo txdf kf7o\ jm| d sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;xfotf k4ltsf] ljsf; cfjZos xG' 5 . o;sf nflu
cfjZos ;f| t] x¿sf] Joj:yfkg, hgzlStsf] Joj:yf, lzIfs tof/L / ljsf;, lzIfssf nflu cfjZos pTk|]/0ff tyf pQ/bfloTj k4ltsf] ljsf; cfjZos
5 . o;k|sf/ kf7\ojm| d sfofG{ og ofh] gf th{'df tyf sfofG{ jog ubf{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfOnfO{ sG] b|laGb'df /flvgk' b{5 .

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^ 93
@)&%

!*= kf7\oj|md d"Nofªs\ g, kl/dfhg{ / ;'wf/

kf7o\ jm| d Ps ultzLn k|ljm| of xf] . ljsf; ul/Psf] sg' } klg kf7o\ j|mdsf] sfof{Gog kf| /De ePkl5 k|fKt xg' ] ki[ 7kf]if0fsf cfwf/df ;w' f/ tyf
kl/dfhg{ ug]{ sfo{ lg/Gt/ x'g] ub5{ . sg' } klg kf7o\ jm| dsf] ljsf; lglZrt dN" o tyf dfGotfdf cfwfl/t eO{ kf7\oj|mdsf jtd{ fg ;Gben{ fO{
ljZn]if0f u/]/ ;f]xLcg'¿k ul/Psf] xG' 5 . o:tf ;Gbe{df cfPsf kl/jtg{ n] :jfefljs ¿kdf kf7o\ j|md kl/dfhg{ sf] cfwf/ l;h{gf ub{5g\ .
kf7o\ jm| d dN" ofªs\ g, kl/dfhg{ / ;w' f/ lg/Gt/ kl| jm| of xf] . k/LIf0fkZrft\ nfu" ePsf] kf7\oj|mddf ;fdfGo ;w' f/ tyf cBfjlws lg/Gt/ ¿kdf
xg' ] ub5{ eg] sfof{Gjog ePsf] kfrF jif{df kg' /jnf]sg ul/g] 5 eg] sfof{Gjog ePsf] b; jifd{ f kf7o\ j|md sfof{Gjogsf] d"Nofª\sg u/L To;sf
cfwf/df kf7o\ jm| ddf cfjZos kl/dfh{g ul/g] 5 .

94 cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^
@)&%

cg';"rL ! M cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ df ljBfyL{ dN" ofª\sgsf ;fwgsf] k|ofu] , clenv] Ls/0f tyf k|ofu] ;DaGwL dfu{bz{g

o; kf7o\ jm| dsf] v08 !% df sIff !—# df ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg ugs'{ f] dV' o p2]Zo ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO ;w' f/ ug'{ ePsfn] dN" ofª\sgnfO{ lzIf0f
l;sfO lj|mofsnfks} cleGg cªu\ sf ¿kdf ljsf; tyf k|of]u ug'k{ g]{ cfjZostf /x]sf] :ki6 kfl/Psf] 5 . To;df dN" ofª\sgsf ;DefJo ljlw,
kl| jm| of, tl/sf tyf ;fwgx¿ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . oxfF o; kf7\oj|mdsf] d"Nofª\sg v08df plNnlvt p2Z] o k|flKtsf nflu dN" ofªs\ g ljlw,
kl| j|mof, tl/sf tyf ;fwgx¿sf] k|ofu] tyf glthfsf] clen]vLs/0f;DaGwL tl/sf tyf ;fwg / ltgsf] k|of]u ug]{ tl/sf ljifoIfq] ut ¿kdf
;dfjz] ul/Psf] 5 .

d"Nofª\sg ug]{ tl/sf

1= kT| o]s ljBfyL{n] kT| o]s ljifoIfq] sf l;sfO pknlAwdf s]slt pknlAw xfl;n u/] egL d"Nofª\sgsf pko'St ;fwg k|of]u u/L k/LIf0f
u/]/ olsg ug{'k5{ .

2= ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw:t/nfO{ tnsf] tflnsfcg;' f/ ! b]lv $ :t/df /l] 6ª u/L ljifoIfq] cg;' f/sf] l;sfO pknlAwdf clelnlvt ug'{k5{ .

ljBfyL{sf] pknlAw:t/ / To;sf] ;fdfGo JofVof

pknlAw:t/ dfkg pknlAw:t/sf] ;fdfGo JofVof

sdhf/] (below ! dV' o l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n ug{ g;ss] f], ;a}h;f] l;sfO pknAwsf nflu ;w' f/fTds l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]
@ d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw cf+lzs ?kdf xfl;n u/s] f] t/ ;'wf/fTds l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]
basic) # dV' o l;sfO pknlAw w]/} h;f] xfl;n u/s] f] / ;'wf/fTds l;sfO cfjZos ePsf]

;fdfGo (Basic)

/fd|f] (Proficient)

pRr (Advance) $ dV' o l;sfO pknlAw xfl;n eO{ dflyNnf:] t/sf] pknlAw ;dt] xfl;n u/s] f]

plNnlvt dfkb08 ljBfyLs{ f] :t/ klxrfg ug{] ;fdfGo cfwf/ dfq ePsfn] ljifoIf]qut ¿kdf plNnlvt cfwf/ / JofVof yk ljlzi6 :j¿ksf]
xg' ]ePsfn] ljBfyL{ dN" ofªs\ g ubf{ To;n} fO{ k|of]u ugk{' 5{ .

#= ;fdfGotof k|Tos] l;sfO pknlAw dfkgkl5 glthf ljBfyLn{ fO{ hfgsf/L u/fpg], lsg o:tf] eof] 5nkmn ug{,] ljBfyLn{ fO{ :jkT| ofjtg{ sf]
cj;/ lbg] / ;w' f/sf pkfo to ugk'{ b{5 eg] k|To]s ljifoIfq] jf lydsf] l;sfOkZrft\ k|Tos] l;sfO pknlAWf / cf;} t pknlAw;lxt
cleefjs / lzIfsn] 5nkmn u/L l;sfO ;'wf/ tyf eflj l;sfOsf of]hgf to ug'{k5{ . k|Tos] lydsf] l;sfOkl5 cleefjs;uF
5nkmn ug'{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO ;'wf/sf b[li6n] pkoS' t eP klg 5f]6f]5f]6f] ;dosf] cGt/fndf cleefj;Fu 5nkmn ;a}sf nlu ;Dej
gx'g ;Sg] s'/fnfO{ ljrf/ u/]/ tLgbl] v rf/ dlxgfsf] cGt/fndf ;f] cjlwsf] l;sfO ePsf lydsf] d"Nofª\sg glthf;lxt ljBfyL{sf]
l;sfO k|ult tyf sl7gfOsf ljifodf cleefjs;uF 5nkmn u/L cfjZostfg;' f/ l;sfO ;'wf/sf pkfo klxrfg ug{ ;lsG5 .

$= glthf / l;sfO ;w' f/ tyf efjL l;sfO ofh] gf to ubf{ ;DalGwt ljBfyL{ ;an kIf, ?lr / sl7gfOnfO{ Wofg lbg'k5{ . o;sf nflu
o; kl| jm| ofdf ljBfyLn{ fO{ klg ;xefuL u/fpg'k5{ .

ljBfyL{ d"Nofªs\ gsf] clen]v tyf sfo;{ ~rlosf Joj:yfkg

!= ljifoIfq] ut ¿kdf k|To]s ljBfyLs{ f] sfo{;~rlosf kmfOndf lgDgcg';f/ Jojl:yt u/L /fVgk' 5{ M

 ljifoIf]qut ¿kdf k|Tos] lyd jf ljifoIfq] sf] dN" ofªs\ g clen]v ljBfyLs{ f] sfo{;~rlosf kmfOndf l;nl;nfa4 u/L /fVgk' 5{ .

 sfo;{ ~rlosf kmfondf ljBfyL{sf] k|ult :ki6 xg' ] ;xofu] k'Ug] vfndf ljBfyL{sf gd'gf sfo{ tyf l;hg{ fx¿ ;doa4¿kdf
l;nl;n ldnfO{ /fVg'k5{ . o;df hg' ;s' } sfo{ ;dfjz] gu/L pknlAw:t/ emNsfpg] k|ltlglw sfo{x¿dfq ;dfjz] ugk{' 5{ . o;df
oltg} sfo{ ;dfj]z ug{'k5{ eGg' pkoS' t geP klg ljifoj:t'sf] kT| os] Ifq] jf lydaf6 ! bl] v # sfo{ tyf ;dud| f ljifoIfq] ut
¿kdf ul/g] kfrF cf6] f;Dd l;h{gfTds sfo{ ;dfj]z ug{' pkoS' t xg' ;S5 .

 sfo;{ ~rlosf kmfOndf ;dfjz] ul/Psf sfo{ tyf clenv] x¿sf] ;doa4 ;"rL leqL se/ki[ 7df /flvgk' 5{ .

 k|Tos] ljBfyLs{ f] sIff ! df tof/ ul/Psf] sfo{;~rlosf kmfOnnfO{ g} sIff # ;Dd lg/Gt/ ug'{k5{ . lzIfs kl/jtg{ ePdf
kmfon x:tfGt/0f ugk'{ 5{ .

@= ljBfyLs{ f] sfo{;~rlosfnfO{ lgDgcg;' f/ ko| f]u ;lsG5 M

 lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO k|ultsf] cg'udg ug{, l;sfO of]hgf tyf l;sfO ;w' f/sf] of]hgf agfpg

 ljBfyLn{ ] cfkmg\ f] sfo{ tyf l;sfO ku| lt tyf sdhf/] Lsf] hfgsf/L kf| Kt u/L l;sfO ;w' f/df nfUg / cfkmg\ f] sfo{ / pknlAwaf/]
cfTdljZjf; kb} f ug{ tyf yk sfo{ tyf pknlAwsf nflu k|fT] ;flxt x'g

 cleefjsn] ljBfyL{n] sfo{ tyf l;sfO k|ult tyf sdhf]/Lsf] hfgsf/L kf| Kt u/L l;sfO ;'wf/df ;xofu] ug{

 ljBfnon] ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfOsf] kd| f0fsf ¿kdf lnO{ clud| l;sfO cj;/ kb| fg ug,{ ;a} ljBfyLn{ fO{ kf| T] ;fxg ug,{ lzIfs ljsf;
tyf kf| ]T;fxg sfo{sf] ofh] gf ug{ / hjfkmbl] xtf JoSt ug{

 ljBfno Joj:yfkgn] ljBfno ;d'bfo ;'wf/ u/L l;sfO jftfj/0f ;'wff/ ug{

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 95

ljifoIfq] ut ¿kdf d"Nofª\sg ug{] tl/sf tyf clen]v kmf/fdx¿

1= dV' o l;sfO pknlAwnfO{ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/cg;' f/ ! b]lv $ ;Dd /l] 6ª ugk{' 5{ . ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/ klxrfg ug{sf nflu ko| f]u
ug{ ;lsg] s]xL ;fwgsf pbfx/0f oxfF lbOPsf] 5 . lzIfsn] ljBfyL{sf] d"Nofª\sg ubf{ k|ofu] u/s] f ;fwgdWo] kmf/fddf pNn]v ePdf
To;df lrx\g nufpg] / cGo ;fwg k|of]u u/]sf] eP ;f] ;fwgsf] pNnv] ;fx] L nx/df pNnv] ug'{k5{ .

2= x/s] d'Vo l;sfO pknlAwsf] xfl;n eof] jf ePg egL olsg ugk' 5{ . o;sf nflu Pp6f l;sfO pknlAw k/LIf0f ug{ PseGbd a9L
dN" ofªs\ g ;fwg cfjZos x'g klg ;Sb5 eg] sltko cj:yfdf Pp6} ;fwg jf Ps} k6ssf] k/LIf0faf6 PseGbf a9L l;sfO pknlAw
klg k/LIf0f ug{ ;lsg] s'/fnfO{ lzIfsn] ljrf/ ug'{kb{5 .

3= ;a} ljBfyL{n] Gog" td l;sfO :t/ k|fKt u/L dflyNnf] :t/sf] l;sfOsf] cj;/ k|bfg ug{ dN" ofªs\ gn] ;xofu] ug'k{ b{5 . o;sf nflu
lgoldt l;sfO k|lj|mofkl5 ul/Psf] dN" ofªs\ gdf sg' } l;sfO pknlAwdf ! jf @ :t/ dfq xfl;n ug{ ;s]df ;w' f/fTds l;sfO u/L
pknlAw j[l4sf] ;'lglZrt ul/gk' b{5 . o;sf nflu ;'wf/fTds l;sfOkZrft\ ljBfyL{sf] kg' M d"Nofª\sg u/L kmf/fddf pNnv] ePcg;' f/
clenl] vt ug'k5{ .

4= ;fdfGotof ;a} -kT| os] _ ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO:t/ Go"gtd # k'¥ofpg] u/L ;'wf/fTds l;sfO ljm| ofsnfk ;~rfng ugk{' b5{ . t;y{ s'g} klg
ljBfyLn{ fO{ l;sfO:t/ ! / @ d} 5f8g\ eg] x'Fbg} . s'g} ljBfyL{ k6sk6ssf] ;'wf/fTds l;sfOaf6 klg l;sfO:t/ ! tyf @ eGbf dfly
hfg ;sg] eg] To;sf sf/0f klxrfg u/L ;'wf/sf pkfo klxrfg ug{] / l;sfO ;w' f/ ug]{ ko| fh] gsf nflu pkrf/fTds lzIf0f l;sfO
cfjZos xg' ;S5 . pknlAw :t/ # kf| Kt ug]{ ljBfyL{nfO{ klg dflyNnf] pknlAw xfl;n ug]{ cj;/ k|bfg ul/gk' b5{ . lzIf0f l;sfOsf
j|mddf pknlAw :t/ $ k'¥ofpg' ck]lIft 5 .

5= ljifoIfq] tyf lydcGtu{tsf l;sfO pknlAwsf] cªs\ g ul/;sk] l5 ljifoIf]q tyf lydsf] ;du| pknlAw kl| tzt lgDgcg';f/
lgsfNgk' 5{ M

Ifq] ut jf lydut pknlAw k|ltzt Ö $ × pknlAw:t/sf] cª\ssf] hf8] ;ªV\ of  !))
d"Nofª\sg ul/Psf l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf]

pknlAw k|ltztnfO{ cIf/fªs\ g;Fu ldnfg u/L lgDgcg;' f/ k|:t't ug'k{ g]{ 5 M

pknlAw kl| tzt cIf/df pknlAw :t/ pknlAw:t/sf] JofVof
Hofb} sdhf/]
#) eGbf sd E sdhf]/

#) / ;f] eGbf dfly $% D ;fdfGo
eGbf sd
/fdf| ]
$% / ;f] EfGbf dfly ^) C
eGbf sd pRr

^) / ;f] eGbf dfly &% B pTs[i6
eGbf sd

&% / ;f] eGbf dfly () A
eGbf sd

() / ;f] eGbf dfly A+

^= sIffsf] cGtdf ;a} l;sfO pknlAwdf k|fKt pknlAw:t/sf] cª\ssf cfwf/df ljBfyL{sf] ljifoIfq] ut;du| pknlAw:t/ lgwf{/0f ug{
;lsG5 . ljifoIf]qut ;du| pknlAw k|ltzt lgDgcg;' f/ lgsfNg'k5{ M

ljifoIfq] ut ;du| pknlAw kl| tzt Ö $ × pknlAw:t/sf] cªs\ sf] hf8] ;ª\Vof  !))
dN" ofªs\ g ul/Psf l;sfO pknlAwx¿sf]

of] pknlAw kl| tztsf] JofVof dflysf] aFb' f % cg';f/ ugk{' 5{ .

96 cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

cg;' r" L @ M ljBfyLs{ f] JolStut ljj/0f

!= ljBfyL{sf] j}olSts tyf kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f
-s_ ljBfnosf] gfd M =========================================================================================
-v_ 7]ufgf M ========================================================================================================
-u_ ljBfyL{sf] gfd M =============================================================================================
-3_ hGd ldlt M ==========================================================================================
-ª_ ljBfyL{sf] 3/sf] 7u] fgf M =============================================================================
-r_ kfl/jfl/s ljj/0f M
-c_ cfdfsf] gfd M ===============================k];f M ============ ;Dks{ g+ M ==================
-cf_ afa'sf] gfd M ===============================k;] f M ============ ;Dks{ g+ M ==================
-5_ afac' fdfafxs] c¿ s;n} ] cleefjsTj lnPsf] ePdf :yfgLo cleefjssf] M
-c_ gfd M =============================================k];f M ============ ;Dks{ g=+ M ================
-cf_ ljBfyL{;uF sf] gftf M =============================
-h_ ljBfno egf{ ldlt / sIff M ============================
-em_ dft[efiff, 3/kl/jf/df afl] ng] efiff / cGo eflifs Ifdtf M ============================
-`_ cl3Nnf] cg'ej M
-c_ sIff ! egf{ ePsf] eP k|f/lDes afnljsf; tyf lzIffsf] cge' j eP gePsf]
========================================================================
-cf_ cGo sIffdf egf{ ePsf] eP cGo ljBfnosf] cGo cg'ej ===============================

@= :jf:Yo;DaGwL ljj/0f tfn} -ls=uf| =df_ prfO -;]=ld=df_ k|ltlj|mof -olb 5 eg_]
-s_ tfn} / prfO

ldlt

-v_ s'g} ljz]if /fu] ePdf ;fa] f/] l6kf]6 M ========================================================================
-u_ sg' } ckfª\utf eP ;f]sf] ljj/0f M ========================================================================
-3_ cGo s'g} ljj/0f pNnv] ug{ cfjZos eP M ======================================================

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !—#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ 97

cg;' r" L # M ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO pknlAw d"Nofªs\ g clenv]

cg';r" L # -s_ gk] fnL ljifosf] ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO pknlAw dN" ofª\sg clenv]

!= dfkgsf cfwf/ M lgDglnlvt cfwf/df ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO :t/sf] dfkg !, @, # jf $ u/L sIff tyf If]q
# jf $_ r9fpg'xf];\ . l;sfO pknlAw dfkg ubf{ tnsf] tflnsfdf lbOPcg';f/sf] dfkb08 ko| fu] ug{x' f];\
clen]v kmf/df dN" ofª\sg glthfsf cfwf/df k|Tos] ljBfyL{sf] cnu cnu e/L ljBfyL{sf] sfo{;~rlosf -

k/LIf0f ug]{ kIf ;fwg -k|lj|mofut / pTkflbt_ pknlAw ;r" s

>'ltsyg s/' fsfgL ljifoj:t,' cge' j / cg'dfg;lxt kfq / 36gf atfO{ atfpbF }
>Job[Zo ;fdu|Lsf] cg's/0f u/L s/' fsfgL u/]df !

cjnfs] g -xfpefp / syg_ ;Gbe,{ cfzo / lrxg\ sf] Vofn u/L xfpefpcg;' f/ xif{, lrGt
u/]df #, lbOPsf] ;Gbe{ a'em]/ kl| tlj|mof hgfPdf @, kZ| gjfrs

5nkmn ;Gbe{ ;fduL| sf ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L zLif{s /
5nkmn u/L zLif{s egd] f @, lrqsf cfwf/ 5nkmn u/L zLi

k|ZgfQ] / s'/fsfgL / 5nkmnsf jm| ddf sf/0f / kl| jm| ofdf cfwfl/t -ls
lgdf0{ f u/L eg]df #, s'/fsfgL tyf 5nkmnsf j|mddf :d/0fd
s'g, s:tf,] slt_ df}lvs kZ| gfQ] / u/]df !

>l' tj0f{g cjnfs] g ljifoIfq] ut ¿kdf lzIfs tyf ;xkf7Ln] k:| t't u/s] f ljifoj
sDtLdf bO' { jfSodf j0f{g u/d] f ! -sIff !_

ljifoIf]qut ¿kdf lzIfs tyf ;xkf7Ln] k:| tt' u/s] f ljifoj
sDtLdf rf/ jfSodf j0f{g u/]df ! -sIff @_

sDtLdf gf} jfSodf j0fg{ u/]df $, sDtLdf ;ft jfSodf j0

>'lt/rgf lnlvt ;~rf/ 5nkmn jf s/' fsfgLsf] ljifoj:t'nfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ cg'R5]bfTd
ljifoj:t'af/] c¿sf] ;xof]u lnO{ ;~rf/ u/]df @, bO' { hgfla

;ª\st] g / lj;ª\s]tg >j0f / pRrf/0f jfSodf ko| f]u ePsf zAbdf ;?' , dWo / cGTodf k|ofu] ePs
j0f{ klxrfg pRrf/0f u/d] f @, :jtGq ¿kdf lbOPsf :j/ j

lnlk ;ª\st] ljBfyL{ :jodn\ ] lgwf{l/t j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAb nv] d] f $, lj
cfwf/df :jtGq ¿kdf /x]sf j0f{ nv] ]df @, lzIfs ljBfyLs{

zAb ;ª\s]t ljBfyL{ :jodn\ ] PseGbf a9L cwfI{ f/L j0f{ ko| fu] ePsf zAb
ePsf zAb klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / >l' tnv] g u/]df #, ljB
cgn' v] g u/d] f @, lzIfs ljBfyLs{ f] ;xsfo{ / cEof;sf cfw

zAb lgdf0{ f zAbsf j0f{ kl/jt{g u/L gofF zAb agfPdf $, zAbdf gofF
zAb zAb hf8] ]/ gofF zAbx¿nfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/]df $, z

98

/lydcg';f/ plNnlvt l;sfO pknlAwdf ljBfyL{sf] l;sfO :t/ dfkg u/L cfPsf] pkklAw:t/sf] cªs\ -!, @,
. kmf/fdsf] sl} kmot dxndf plNnlvtafx]s cGo ;fwg tyf tl/sf k|of]u u/s] f] eP pNnv] ugx{' f;] \ . of]
-Portfolio_ df Jojl:yt u//] /fvL cfjZostfg';f/ ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO ;'wf/ ug]{ sfod{ f k|ofu] ug'{k5{ .

s'/fsfgL u/d] f $, ljifoj:t', cge' j / cgd' fg ;d]6L s/' fsfgL u/d] f #, ljifoj:t' / cg'ej hf8] L s/' fsfgL u/]df @,

tf, 30[ ff, cfZro,{ pT;s' tf h:tf ;+j]u afw] x'g] u/L kl| tljm| of JoSt u/]df $, ;Gbe{ ae' m]/ xfpefpcg';f/ kl| tljm| of JoSt
s / pb\uf/ lrxg\ sf] Vofn u/L lgwfl{ /t jfSo pRrf/0f u/d] f !

;Gbe{ eg]df $, kf7df cfwfl/t ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L zLif{s / kl/j]z egd] f #, d'lbt| ;fduL| sf cfwf/df
ifs{ eg]df !

sg / s;/L_ k|Zgsf pQ/ eg]df $, s/' fsfgL / 5nkmnsf jm| ddf :d/0fdf cfwfl/t -sf], s] s'g, s:tf,] slt_ kZ| g
df cfwfl/t -sf], s] sg' , s:tf], slt_ k|Zgsf pQ/ eg]df @, s/' fsfgL tyf 5nkmnsf jm| ddf :d/0fdf cfwfl/t -sf,] s]

j:t'sf] sDtLdf kfrF jfSodf j0f{g u/d] f $, sDtLdf rf/ jfSodf j0f{g u/d] f #, sDtLdf tLg jfSodf j0fg{ u/d] f @,

j:t'sf] sDtLdf gf} jfSodf j0fg{ u/d] f $, sDtLdf ;ft jfSodf j0f{g u/d] f #, sDtLdf 5 jfSodf j0fg{ u/]df @,

0fg{ u/d] f #, sDtLdf 5 jfSodf j0f{g u/d] f @, sDtLdf rf/ jfSodf j0f{g u/]df ! -sIff #_

ds cleJolSt k|:tl' t u/]df $, 5nkmn jf s/' fsfgLsf] cfwf/ agfO{ dfl} ns jfSo agfO{ ;~rf/ u/]df #, 5nkmnsf]
arsf] s'/fsfgL ;g' /] s/' fsfgLsf] ljifoj:t'af/]sf zAbx¿ klxrfg / k:| tt' u/d] f !

sf j0f{ klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f $, zAbsf cGtdf lbOPsf j0f{ klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f #, zAbsf ;?' df lbOPsf
j0f{ klxrfg pRrf/0f u/]df !

jBfyLn{ ] lzIfssf] cfl+ zs ;xofu] lnO{ lgwf{l/t j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAb nv] d] f #, ljBfyL{ ljBfyLs{ f] ;xsfo{ / cEof;sf
sf] ;xsfo{ / cEof;sf cfwf/df :jtGq ¿kdf /x]sf j0f{ n]v]df !

klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f / z'4 ¿kdf nv] g u/d] f $, lzIfssf] cfl+ zs ;xof]u lnO{ PseGbf a9L cwf{If/L j0f{ k|ofu]
BfyL{ ljBfyLs{ f] ;xsfo{ / cEof;sf cfwf/df PseGbf a9L cwf{If/L j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAb klxrfg u/L pRrf/0f /
wf/df PseGbf a9L cwfI{ f/L j0f{ ko| f]u ePsf zAb cf+lzs ql' 6;lxt pRrf/0f / n]vg u/d] f !

j0f{ ykL gofF zAb agfPdf #, cIf/ hf8] ]/ gofF zAb agfPdf @, zAbsf cIf/ klxrfg u/L 56' \ofPdf ! -sIff !, @, #_
zAb zAb hf]8/] gofF zAbx¿sf] tflnsf agfPdf #, zAb zAb hf]8]/ gofF zAb agfPdf @, zAbnfO{ zAb zAbdf

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

b[Zoaf]w lrq 5'6\ofPdf ! –sIff @ / #_
k'g?Tkfbg >JobZ[ o ;fdu|L zAbsf cufl8 / k5fl8 /xs] f ;u{ hf8] ]/ ags] f gofF zAbx¿
:ynut ed| 0f k5fl8 /xs] f ;u{ lrgL egd] f @, zAbsf cufl8 /x]sf ;u{ lr
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L
lrqsf cfwf/df tYok/s / cgd' fgfTds -lsg o:tf,] s] un
j0f{ lje]bLs/0f 9fFrf nv] g @, zAb / lrqsf] hf8] f ldnfPdf / gfd jf lrqsf cfwf/df
/ª e/0f
>JobZ[ o tyf b[Zo ;fduL| sf] ;xofu] lnO{ ljifoj:t' ;xL / z
lnlvt sfo{ ;fduL| sf] ;xof]u lnO{ clwsf+z ljifoj:t' atfPdf @, >Job[Z

dfkg dfl} vs tyf lnlvt sfo{ :ynut cWoog e|d0f ubf{ kfOPsf ljifoj:t' cfkm}Fn] ;xL /
zAbe08f/ zAb;"rL ed| 0f ubf{ kfOPsf clwsfz+ ljifoj:t' c¿sf] ;xofu] lnO{ a

cjnf]sg ->j0f_ kf7 jf kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9L ljBfyL{ :jodn\ ] gofF zAbsf] klxrfg,
cya{ fw] / ko| f]u n]vg u/d] f #, kf7 jf kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9L ljBfyL{ ljBfyLs{ f] ;xs
;xsfo{ / cEof;sf cfwf/df gofF zAb klxrfg, pRrf/0f /

;ª\st] s hf]8L :jtGq ¿kdf j0f{ nv] d] f $, ;ªs\ ]ts hf]8L

lbOPsf] lrqdf ljleGg /ª e/L /ª\uLg lrq agfPdf $, uf]n
/ª e/d] f @, uf]nfsf/ cfsl[ tdf Pp6} /ª e/d] f !

zAbdf leGg j0f{ ko| f]u x'g] t/ pRrf/0f pxL xg' ] j0f{ k|ofu]
6_ #, Pp6} ju{df kg{] j0f{sf] >'ltnv] g u/d] f -h:t} M k / k
p:t} p:t} Wjlg ePsf zAbsf] cya{ fw] u/L jfSodf k|of]u u/
ufpm 3fp_ sf] cy{ atfPdf @, p:t} p:t} Wjlg ePsf zAb -

x/]s ljifoIfq] sf] cGTodf lbOPsf] d"Nofª\sg ;Da4 ljm| ofsn
ljm| ofsnfkdWo] Go"gtd &% k|ltzt lj|mofsnfk ;Dkfbg u/]d
@, x/]s ljifoIfq] sf] cGTodf lbOPsf] d"Nofªs\ g;Da4 lj|mof

kfl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] xg' ] lgwf{l/t @% zAbdWo] @) eG
klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df @, % cf6] f dfq zAbsf] klxrfg /
kfl/jfl/s tyf ljBfnoLo kl/j]zdf k|of]u xg' ] lgwfl{ /t #% z
eGbf sd zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df @, !) cf]6f dfq
kfl/jfl/s tyf ljBfnoLo kl/j]zdf ko| fu] xg' ] lgwfl{ /t %)
eGbf sd zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f @, @) cf6] f dfq

;dfg ;/+ rgf ePsf zAbsf] cya{ fw] u/L jfSodf k|ofu] u/L
cy{ atfPdf @, ;dfg ;/+ rgf ePsf zAb -h:t} M vfd 3fd,

kfl/jfl/s kl/jz] df ko| f]u x'g] @% zAbdWo] @) eGbf a9L z
lrq;Fu tfnd]n u/L ko| fu] u/]df @, % cf6] f dfq zAbsf] lr
kfl/jfl/s tyf ljBfnoLo kl/jz] df k|ofu] x'g] #) zAbdWo]

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

¿sf] z'4 pRrf/0f u/d] f $, zAbsf cufl8 / k5fl8 /x]sf ;u{ hf]8]/ gofF zAb lgdf{0f u/d] f #, zAbsf cufl8 /
rgL egd] f ! -sIff @ / #_

nf{ <_ kZ| gfQ] / / j0fg{ u/d] f $, lrqsf cfwf/df tYok/s k|Zgf]Q/ / j0f{g u/d] f #, zAbsf cfwf/df lrq lgdf{0f u/d] f
;xL j:t' klxrfg u/d] f !

z4' ¿kdf atfPdf $, >Job[Zo tyf bZ[ o ;fdu|Lsf] ;xof]u lnO{ ljifoj:t' l;nl;nfa4 ¿kdf atfPdf #, >Job[Zo
Zo ;fdu|Lsf] ;xofu] lnO{ ljifoj:t' cfl+ zs ¿kdf atfPdf !

z'4 ¿kdf atfPdf $, :ynut cWoog ed| 0f ubf{ kfOPsf ljifoj:t' l;nl;nfa4 ¿kdf atfPdf #, :ynut cWoog
atfPdf @, :ynut cWoog ed| 0f ubf{ kfOPsf cf+lzs ljifoj:t' c¿sf] ;xof]u lnO{ atfPdf !

pRrf/0f / cya{ fw] ub}{ jfSo n]vd] f $, kf7 jf kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9L ljBfyL{ :jod\n] gofF zAbsf] klxrfg, pRrf/0f / cy{
sfo{ / cEof;sf cfwf/df gofF zAb klxrfg, pRrf/0f / cy{ nv] g u/]df @, kf7 jf kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9L lzIfs ljBfyLs{ f]
/ n]vg u/]df !

agfO{sf] j0fs{ f] cfsl[ tdfly /v] f tfgd] f #, ;ª\s]ts :jtGq nv] g u/d] f @, ;ª\st] ssf] cfs[ltdfly /v] f tfgd] f !

nfsf/, jufs{ f/, cfotfsf/ / lqsf0] fLo cfsl[ tdf ljleGg /ª e/d] f #, ufn] fsf/, jufs{ f/, cfotfsf/ / lqsf0] fLo cfs[ltdf

ePsf] zAbsf] >'ltnv] g u/]df -h:t} M p / pm, O / O,{ z, if / ;_ $, p:t} ;l' gg] j0f{sf] >l' tn]vg u/d] f -h:t} M t /
km_ @, leGg ju{sf j0f{sf] >'ltn]vg u/]df -h:t} M s / t_ ! -sIff !_
/L ;g' fPdf $, p:t} p:t} Wjlg ePsf zAbsf] ;r" L agfPdf #, p:t} p:t} Wjlg ePsf zAb -h:t} M tftf] 6f6f], 3/ 3f/,
- h:t} M tftf] 6f6f,] 3/ 3f/_ sf] pRrf/0f u/d] f ! -sIff @ / #_

nfkdWo] Go"gtd *% kl| tzt lj|mofsnfk ;Dkfbg u/d] f $, x/]s ljifoIfq] sf] cGTodf lbOPsf] dN" ofªs\ g;Da4
df #, x/s] ljifoIfq] sf] cGTodf lbOPsf] d"Nofª\sg ;Da4 lj|mofsnfkdWo] Gog" td ^) k|ltzt lj|mofsnfk ;Dkfbg u/]df
fsnfkdWo] Go"gtd $) k|ltzt ljm| ofsnfk ;Dkfbg u/d] f !

Gbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f $, !% eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df #, !) eGbf sd zAbsf]
/ pRrf/0f u/d] f ! -sIff !_
zAbdWo] @% eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df $, @) eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df #, !%
q zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df ! -sIff @_
zAbdWo] $) eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f $, #) eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/d] f #, @%
q zAbsf] klxrfg / pRrf/0f u/]df ! -sIff #_

L ;'gfPdf $, ;dfg ;/+ rgf ePsf zAbsf] ;"rL agfPdf #, ;dfg ;+/rgf ePsf zAb -h:t} M vfd 3fd, vfgf gfgf_ sf]
, vfgf gfgf_ sf] pRrf/0f u/]df !

zAbsf] cy{af]w / k|of]u u/d] f $, !% eGbf a9L zAbsf] lrq;uF tfnd]n u/L k|ofu] u/d] f #, !) eGbf sd zAbsf]
rq;Fu tfndn] u/]df ! -sIff !_
@% eGbf a9L zAbsf] cya{ f]w / k|of]u u/]df $, @) eGbf a9L zAbsf] lrq;uF tfndn] u/L ko| fu] u/d] f #, !% eGbf

99

k7g cEof; kl/ofh] gf sfo{ sd zAbsf] lrq;uF tfnd]n u/L ko| fu] u/d] f @, !) cf]6f d
zAb pRrf/0f kfl/jfl/s, ljBfnoLo / ;fdflhs kl/j]zdf ko| f]u xg' ] lgwf{l
;:j/jfrg pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w / ko| fu] u/]df #, @% eGbf sd zAbsf] kl
kf7sf zAbsf] cya{ fw] u/L ko| f]u u/]df $, kf7sf zAbsf ;
nv] g cEof; kj| fx
cgn' ]vg l;s]sf] zAbsf] ;xL pRrf/0f / ko| fu] u/]df $, l;sfOIf]q /
>'ltnv] g ljifoIf]q;uF ;DalGwt zAb ;ªs\ ng u/]df !
k|ZgfQ] /
zAbsf j0f{ klxrfg u/L cIf/Ls/0f -÷s=nd÷\ _ sf cfwf/d
k7g afw] l;h{gfTds sfo{ zAbsf j0f{ klxrfg u/L 5'6\6f5'6\6} -s=n=d=_ pRrf/0f u/d]
/rgf
;"rgf k|of]u k7g ult / xfpef;lxt a9Ldf !) jfSosf cg'R5]b z'4;uF
5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / sDtLdf lgwfl{ /t !% zAb k9]df ! -sIff !_
j0fg{ k7g ult / xfpef;lxt a9Ldf !% jfSosf cg'R5]b z4' ;uF
sDtLdf lgwfl{ /t @) zAb k9d] f ! -sIff @_
xfpef;lxt a9Ldf @% jfSosf cgR' 5]b z'4;Fu k9d] f $, xf
k9]df ! -sIff #_

lgwfl{ /t ;doleq lgb]{lzt kf7 z'4;uF k9]df $, lgwfl{ /t ;d
k9g\ g;s]sf] / q'l6;dt] b]lvPdf !

;Unf j0f{, dfqf nfus] f, ;o+ 'St j0f{ k|of]u ePsf, cg':jf/ n
cg':jf/ nfus] f, rGbl| aGb' nfu]sf zAb dfq n]v]df #, ;Unf

s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] /sf jm| ddf ljifoIf]qut ¿
ldnfO{ nv] ]df #, s'g} !% zAb;Dd dfq lxHh] ldnfO{ nv] ]df @

ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L sf/0f / k|lj|mofdf cfwfl/
kZ| gsf pQ/ n]vd] f #, lrqsf cfwf/ 5nkmn u/L :d/0fdf c
s:tf,] slt_ pQ/ nv] ]df !

:yfgLo kl/jz] , ;Gbe{ tyf ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df cg'R5b] nv]
cfwf/df abF' f l6kf6] u/]df @, :yfgLo kl/j]z, ;Gbe{ tyf lj

?lrsf ljifoj:t' jf zLif{ssf cfwf/df :jtGq /rgf u/]df $
cfwf/df jfSo /rgf u/d] f ! -sIff !_

kf7sf tYo, ;Gbe{ / ;r" gf ;ª\st] ug]{ k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v]df $
atfPdf jf n]vd] f @, kf7 k9L ;ª\Vof -cf]6f, hgf hgfpg]_ / ;

kf7ut ¿kdf ;dfjz] ul/Psf ljifoj:tn' fO{ ;xL / z'4 ¿k
ul/Psf clwsfz+ ljifoj:t' k:| t't u/]df @, ¿kdf ;dfjz] u

s'g} bO' { ljifoj:ts' f] kl/j]z, kfq / 36gfsf cfwf/df j0fg{
bO' { ljifoj:ts' f] zLifs{ sf cfwf/df j0fg{ u/]df !

100

dfq zAbsf] lrq;Fu tfnd]n u/]df ! -sIff @_
l/t %) zAbdWo] $) eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg, pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w / ko| fu] u/d] f $, #) eGbf a9L zAbsf] klxrfg,
lxrfg, pRrf/0f, cy{af]w / ko| f]u u/]df @, !% cf6] f dfq zAbsf] klxrfg, pRrf/0f, cya{ f]w / ko| fu] u/]df ! -sIff #_
;Gbeu{ t cy{ atfPdf #, kf7 k9L cfoz atfPdf @, kf7 k9L gfd / ljm| ofkbsf] ;"rL agfPdf !
/ ljifoj:ts' f cfwf/df zAb;"rL lgdf{0f u/d] f #, l;sfOIfq] / ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df zAbsf] juL{s/0f u/d] f @, lgwf{l/t

df pRrf/0f u/d] f $, :jtGq ¿kdf zAbsf j0f{ klxrfg u/L 5'6\6f56' 6\ } -s=n=d=_ pRrf/0f u/]df #, ;fyLsf] ;xof]u lnO{
df @, zAbsf j0f{ klxrfg u/L cfl+ zs ql' 6;lxt 56' 6\ f5'66\ } -s=n=d=_ pRrf/0f u/d] f !
k9]df $, k7g ult / xfpefp;lxt sDtLdf ;ft jfSo k9d] f #, k7g ult;lxt sDtLdf @% zAb k9d] f @, j0f{ lrg]/

k9d] f $, k7g ult / xfpefp;lxt sDtLdf bz jfSo k9]df #, k7g ult;lxt sDtLdf #) zAb k9d] f @, j0f{ lrg/]

fpefp;lxt sDtLdf !% jfSo k9]df #, k7g ult;lxt sDtLdf $% zAb k9d] f @, j0f{ lrg]/ zAb sDtLdf #) zAb

doeGbf l9nf] lgbl{] zt kf7 z4' ;Fu k9]df #, lgwf{l/t ;dodf cfl+ zs ql' 6;lxt kf7 k9d] f @, lgwfl{ /t ;dodf k/" f kf7

nfu]sf, rGb|laGb' nfu]sf / xnGt j0f{ ko| fu] ePsf zAb n]v]df $, ;Unf j0f,{ dfqf nfus] f, ;+o'St j0f{ k|of]u ePsf,
j0f{ / dfqf k|ofu] ePsf zAb dfq n]v]df @, ;Unf j0f{ dfq ko| fu] ePsf zAb dfq n]vd] f !
¿kdf lgwf{l/t #) zAbdWo] s'g} @% zAbeGbf a9L lj;ª\st] s zAb lxHh] ldnfO{ nv] d] f $, s'g} @) zAb;Dd dfq lxHh]
@, s'g} !) zAb;Dd dfq lxHh] ldnfO{ nv] d] f !
/t -lsg / s;/L_ kZ| gsf pQ/ n]vd] f $, ljifoj:t'sf cfwf/df 5nkmn u/L :d/0fdf cfwfl/t -sf,] s] s'g, s:tf], slt_
cfwfl/t -sf], s] sg' , s:tf,] slt_ kZ| gsf pQ/ n]vd] f @, lrqsf cfwf/ 5nkmn u/L :d/0fdf cfwfl/t -sf,] s] sg' ,

nvL zLif{s lbPdf $, a'bF f l6kf]6 ul/Psf ljifoj:t'sf] l;nl;nf ldnfPdf #, :yfgLo kl/jz] , ;Gbe{ tyf ljifoj:t'sf
jifoj:t'sf cfwf/df zLifs{ rog u/d] f !
$, lgbz]{ g jf a'Fbfsf cfwf/df cg'R5]b /rgf u/]df #, lbPsf] sf cfwf/df cg'R5b] /rgf u/]df @, lbPsf] lgbz]{ gsf

$, kf7sf] d'Vo ;"rgf -ug{ x'g] gx'g] s'/f, sfd_ atfPdf jf n]v]df #, kf7 k9L ljifoj:t'sf] If]q -vfgs] /' f, uf]7, ;x/ cflb_
;dd ;DaGwL k|Zgsf] pQ/ lbPdf !
kdf k:| tt' u/d] f $, kf7ut ¿kdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf ljifoj:t' l;nl;nfa4 ldnfO{ k|:tt' u/d] f #, kf7ut ¿kdf ;dfjz]
ul/Psf ljifoj:t' cfl+ zs ¿kdf atfPdf !
u/]df $, s'g} bO' { km/s ljifoj:t'sf j0f{g u/]df #, s'g} b'O{ ljifoj:t'sf] rl/q jf kfq sf cfwf/df j0fg{ u/d] f @, sg' }

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^

ljifoj:t' ;ª\Ifk] Ls/0f kf7sf] ;f/ dfl} vs tyf lnlvt ¿kdf k:| t't u/]df $, kf7s
cGTodf ko| fu] ePsf jfSosf cy{ atfPdf ! -sIff @_
t'ngf kf7sf] ;f/ ae' mL dfl} vs tyf lnlvt ¿kdf tfls{s ljZn]if0f
kf7sf] ;'? / cGTodf ko| f]u ePsf jfSosf cy{ atfPdf !
lrxg\ , sfn / k/LIf0f
;ª\ult dfl} vs ko| fu] sg' } bO' { ljifoj:ts' f] kl/jz] jf ;Gbe{ ldn] gldn]sf] t'ngf u
lnlvt ko| f]u ljifoj:t'sf] zLifs{ ldn] gldns] f] t'ngf u/]df ! -sIff !_
jfSofGt/0f kf7 k9L :jcge' j;Fu t'ngf u/d] f $, kf7 k9L To;sf cfwf
! -sIff @ / #_

cfkmg\ f] cge' j / kf7sf ljifo tn' gf u/L ;xL wf/0ff k:| t't
k9L kj" {wf/0ff / kf7sf] zLifs{ ljifoj:t' ldn] gldn]sf] egd]

jfSo jf cg'R5b] df k|of]u ePsf lrxg\ / sfn klxrfg u/L
k|of]u ePsf lrx\g lrgL gfd egd] f @, jfSo tyf cg'R5]bdf

lgwf{l/t lrx\g, sfn / ;ªu\ ltsf] Vofn u/L cgR' 5b] n]vd] f
lgwf{l/t lrxg\ x¿sf] k|ofu] u/L jfSo nv] ]df !

jfSodf stf{ / ljm| oflar ;ª\ult ldnfO{ lnªu\ kl/jtg{ u/]d
kl/jt{g u/d] f @, jfSodf stf{ / ljm| oflar ;ª\ult ldnfO{ ln

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

sf] ;f/ Go"gtd tLg jfSodf df}lvs ¿kdf atfPdf #, kf7 k9L kf7sf d'Vo tLg 36gf atfPdf @, kf7 k9L kf7sf] ;'? /
f u/]df $, kf7sf ljifoj:t'sf] dfl} vs ¿kdf ljZn]if0f u/d] f #, kf7 k9L kf7sf d'Vo tLg 36gf atfPdf @, kf7 k9L
u/d] f $, s'g} b'O{ ljifoj:t' ldn] gldn]sf] t'ngf u/d] f #, s'g} bO' { ljifoj:t'sf] kfq ldn] gldns] f] tn' gf u/d] f @, sg' } b'O{
f/df :jcge' j j0fg{ u/d] f #, kf7 k9L :jcge' jsf] cfl+ zs pkof]u u/]df @, kf7 k9L :jcge' j 5 5g} egL olsg u/d] f
u/]df $, kf7 k9L cfkm"n] l;s]sf kfFr zAbsf] cy{ atfO{ k|ofu] u/d] f #, kf7df cfkmn" ] l;ss] f b'O{ s/' f eg]df @, kf7
df !
;ª\ult ldn] gldn]sf] eg]df $, jfSo jf cg'R5b] df k|of]u ePsf lrxg\ / sfn lrgL gfd egd] f #, jfSo jf cg'R5b] df
f ko| f]u ePsf lrx\g, sfn / ;ª\ult cfl+ zs ¿kdf klxrfg u/d] f !
$, lgwf{l/t lrx\g, sfn / ;ª\ultsf] Vofn u/L jfSo n]vd] f #, lgwf{l/t lrx\g / sfnsf] k|ofu] u/L jfSo n]v]df @,
df $, jfSodf stf{ / ljm| oflar ;ª\ult ldnfO{ k?' if kl/jt{g u/d] f #, jfSodf stf{ / ljm| oflar ;ª\ult ldnfO{ jrg
nªu\ kl/jtg{ u/d] f !

101

dN" ofª\sg clen]vLs/0f kmf/fd sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g
!= d / d]/f] kl/jf/
k/LIf0f ug{] kIf
l;sfO pknlAAw
>'ltsyg
s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] /sf jm| ddf pkoS' t efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{ >'ltsyg

Kffl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] x'g] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >'ltsyg
;ª\s]ts hf]8L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >l' tsyg
kf7df k|oS' t bl} gs k|of]udf cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9\g -cg'Rrf/0f jf cgs' yg ug_{ >'ltj0f{g
lrq, zLifs{ , kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] / ug{ zAb e08f/
kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, kZ| gf]Q/ Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ zAb e08f/
k'g?Tkfbg
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ªs\ t] g
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ªu\ lt / lrx\gsf] ;r]ttf;lxt dfl} vs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg zAb e08f/
k7g afw]
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfok{ ':tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ k7g afw]
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
k7g afw]
bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
lrxg\ , sfn / ;ªu\ lt
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt

M

102

g]kfnL ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M

;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] dN" ofªs\ g yk ;xfotfkl5sf] d"Nofªs\ g s}lkmot
ldlt cª\sg ldlt cª\sg
s'/fsfgL
cjnf]sg -xfpefp /
syg_
5nkmn
kZ| gfQ] /
cjnf]sg
zAb;r" L
cy{afw] / ko| fu]
9frF f n]vg
/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0fg{
;"rgf ko| fu]
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
df}lvs k|ofu]
dfl} vs tyf lnlvt sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

@= d]/f] b}lgs hLjg sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug]{ kIf

s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] /sf j|mddf pkoS' t efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ >l' tsyg
>l' tsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|ofu] x'g] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >'ltsyg
>'ltsyg
;ª\s]ts hf]8L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf{0f ug{ >l' tj0f{g
zAb e08f/
:j/ j0f{ -c, cf, O, O_{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
kf7df ko| 'St bl} gs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cg'Rrf/0f jf cgs' yg ug{_ k'g?Tkfbg
k'g?Tkfbg
k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ª\st] g u/L nv] g 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj;ª\s]tg
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6\ofpg / hf8] g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] \g / 5'6\ofpg dfq_ ;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
lj;ªs\ ]ts zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
lrq, zLif{s, kf7sf] kl/j]z / ;Gbe{sf cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ªs\ ]tg
;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª\s]tg
kf7ut kl/j]z, kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, kZ| gf]Q/ Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
k7g afw]
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ k7g af]w
k7g afw]
ljm| ofsf sfn, kb;ªu\ lt / lrx\gsf] ;rt] tf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg k7g afw]
k7g afw]
ljifoIf]qut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k':tsdf ;dfj]z ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
lrxg\ , sfn / ;ªu\ lt

dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M

;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofªs\ g yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofª\sg s}lkmot
ldlt cªs\ g ldlt cª\sg
s/' fsfgL
cjnf]sg -xfpefp / syg_
5nkmn
k|ZgfQ] /
cjnf]sg
zAb;r" L
cya{ fw] / k|ofu]
9frF f n]vg
/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ª\st]
zAb lgdf{0f
pRrf/0f
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0f{g
;r" gf ko| fu]
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
t'ngf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
df}lvs k|ofu]

dfl} vs tyf lnlvt sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

103

#= xfd|f] ;db' fo sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M gk] fnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug{] kIf

s/' fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf jm| ddf pkoS' t efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ >'ltsyg
>'ltsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u x'g] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >'ltsyg
>l' tsyg
;ªs\ ]ts hf]8L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf{0f ug{ >'ltj0fg{
zAb e08f/
:j/ j0f{ -p, pm, C, P_ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
k'g?Tkfbg
kf7df ko| 'St b}lgs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cgR' rf/0f jf cgs' yg ug{_ k'g?Tkfbg
;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª
k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ªs\ t] g u/L nv] g 9fFrfsf] cgs' /0f ug{ k7g cEof;
zAbdf cIf/ 56' \ofpg / hf]8g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jtg{ ug{ -hf8] g\ / 5'6o\ fpg dfq_ ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª
lj;ªs\ ]ts zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
lrq, zLif{s, kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] / ug{ ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª
;ª\s]tg / lj;ª
xif{, lrGtf, 3[0ff, cfZro{, pT;s' tf h:tf ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt a'em]/ k|ltljm| of JoSt ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj;ª
kf7ut kl/j]z, kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|ZgfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k7g afw]
k7g afw]
zAbcg;' f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ lrx\g, sfn / ;
k7g af]w
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrxg\ sf] ;rt] tf;lxt dfl} vs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg k7g af]w
k7g afw]
ljifoIf]qut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfok{ ':tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ b[Zoaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
lrx\g, sfn / ;

dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

104

;fwg ljBfyL{sf] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] d"Nofª\sg sl} kmot
ldlt cª\sg
lgoldt k9fOsf] dN" ofª\sg
ldlt cªs\ g

ªs\ t] g s'/fsfgL
ªs\ t] g cjnfs] g -xfpefp / syg_
ª\st] g 5nkmn
ªs\ t] g kZ| gfQ] /
ª\st] g cjnfs] g
;ªu\ lt zAb;"rL
cy{afw] / ko| fu]
;ª\ult 9frF f nv] g
/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
pRrf/0f
kl/of]hgf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ ]t
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnf]sg ->j0f_
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
j0f{g
df}lvs k|ofu]
;"rgf ko| fu]
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f
df}lvs k|of]u

df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^

$= xfdf| ] ljBfno sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M gk] fnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug{] kIf

s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf jm| ddf pko'St efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{ >'ltsyg
>'ltsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L ko| f]u ug{ >l' tsyg
>'ltsyg
;ª\s]ts hf]8L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf{0f ug{ >'ltj0fg{
zAb e08f/
:j/ j0f{ -P], cf,] cf}, c+, cM_ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
k'g?Tkfbg
kf7df k|oS' t b}lgs k|of]udf cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cgR' rf/0f jf cg'syg ug_{ k'g?Tkfbg
;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ªs\ t] g u/L n]vg 9frF fsf] cgs' /0f ug{ k7g cEof;
zAbdf cIf/ 56' \ofpg / hf]8\g, yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] g\ / 56' o\ fpg dfq_ ;ª\st] g / lj;ª\st] g
lj;ªs\ t] s zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
lrq, zLifs{ , kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbe{sf cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ ;ª\st] g / lj;ªs\ t] g
;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro{, pT;'stf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em]/ kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg
kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q/ Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k7g af]w
k7g af]w
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ lrxg\ , sfn / ;ªu\ lt
k7g af]w
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrx\gsf] ;r]ttf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg k7g afw]
k7g afw]
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k:' tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
lrxg\ , sfn / ;ªu\ lt

dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M

;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofª\sg yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g s}lkmot
ldlt cª\sg ldlt cªs\ g
s/' fsfgL
cjnf]sg -xfpefp / syg_
5nkmn
kZ| gf]Q/
cjnf]sg
zAb;r" L
cy{afw] / k|ofu]
9frF f n]vg
/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ t]
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnfs] g ->j0f_
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
j0fg{
dfl} vs ko| f]u
;"rgf ko| f]u
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
t'ngf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut ed| 0f
df}lvs k|of]u

df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

105

%= xfd|f] jftfj/0f sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug]{ kIf

s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / kZ| gfQ] /sf jm| ddf pko'St efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ >l' tsyg

Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u x'g] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >'ltsyg

;ªs\ t] s hf8] L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf{0f ug{ >l' tsyg
:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{
Jo~hg j0f{ -s j0f{ / dfqf ko| fu] _ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f ug{ >'ltsyg

kf7df ko| 'St bl} gs ko| f]udf cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9\g -cgR' rf/0f jf cg'syg ug_{ >l' tj0f{g

k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ª\st] g u/L n]vg 9fFrfsf] cgs' /0f ug{ zAb e08f/
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6\ofpg / hf8] g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] \g / 5'6o\ fpg dfq_
lj;ª\st] s zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
lrq, zLif{s, kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
kg' ?Tkfbg
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro,{ pT;'stf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em/] k|ltljm| of JoSt ug{
kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|Zgf]Q/ Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
;ª\st] g / lj;ª
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{
k7g cEof;
ljm| ofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrx\gsf] ;r]ttf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg ;ª\st] g / lj;ª
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k:' tsdf ;dfj]z ePsf] lj|mofsnfksf cfwf/df_ k7g cEof;
j0f{ lje]bLs/0f
;ª\st] g / lj;ª
zAb e08f/
;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ª
;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª
;ª\s]tg / lj;ª
k7g afw]
k7g af]w
lrxg\ , sfn / ;
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
b[Zoaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
lrxg\ , sfn / ;
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

106

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M

f ;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofª\sg yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g sl} kmot
ldlt cªs\ g
ª\s]tg ldlt cªs\ g
ª\st] g
ª\s]tg s/' fsfgL
ªs\ t] g
ªs\ t] g cjnf]sg -xfpefp / syg_
ªs\ ]tg
;ªu\ lt 5nkmn

;ª\ult kZ| gf]Q/

cjnfs] g

zAb;r" L

cy{afw] / ko| f]u

9fFrf nv] g

/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f

;:j/jfrg
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
pRrf/0f
kl/of]hgf sfo{
lnlk ;ª\st]

zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnf]sg ->j0f_
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
j0f{g
dfl} vs k|of]u
;r" gf k|of]u
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
t'ngf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f
df}lvs ko| f]u
df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{

pknlAw k|ltzt

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^

^= d/] f] l;hg{ f sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug]{ kIf

s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf jm| ddf pko'St efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{ >l' tsyg
>'ltsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|ofu] xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L ko| f]u ug{ >'ltsyg
;ªs\ ]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >'ltsyg
:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ >l' tj0f{g
Jo~hg j0f{ -v, u, 3 j0f{ / dfqf ko| f]u_ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ lje]bLs/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
zAb e08f/
kf7df ko| S' t b}lgs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cg'Rrf/0f jf cgs' yg ug_{ k'g?Tkfbg
k9s] f j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ t] g u/L nv] g 9frF fsf] cg's/0f ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6o\ fpg / hf]8\g, yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] \g / 56' \ofpg dfq_ ;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª\s]tg
lj;ªs\ ]ts zAbsf ;?' / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ k7g cEof;
lrq, zLifs{ , kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ ;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ª\s]tg
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro{, pT;s' tf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em/] kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{ k7g cEof;
j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f
cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ ;ªs\ ]tg / lj;ª\st] g
zAb e08f/
;ªs\ t] g / lj;ªs\ t] g
;ªs\ t] g / lj;ª\st] g
;ª\s]tg / lj;ª\st] g
k7g afw]
k7g afw]
lrxg\ , sfn / ;ª\ult

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M

;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofªs\ g yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofª\sg sl} kmot

s'/fsfgL ldlt cª\sg ldlt cªs\ g 107
cjnf]sg -xfpefp / syg_
5nkmn
kZ| gfQ] /
cjnf]sg
zAb;"rL
cya{ fw] / ko| f]u
9frF f nv] g
/ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
pRrf/0f
kl/of]hgf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ ]t
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnfs] g ->j0f_
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
j0f{g
df}lvs ko| fu]

kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, kZ| gfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k7g af]w
k7g af]w
zAbcg;' f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ k7g afw]
bZ[ oafw]
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrxg\ sf] ;r]ttf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoafw]
ljifoIf]qut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k':tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] lj|mofsnfksf cfwf/df_ lrx\g, sfn / ;ªu\ lt
lrx\g, sfn / ;ªu\ lt
dfkg

leefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

108

;"rgf ko| f]u
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
t'ngf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f
dfl} vs k|ofu]
lnlvt ko| f]u
dfl} vs tyf lnlvt sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ j|md, @)&^

&= ?lr / afgL sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug

s'/fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] /sf j|mddf pkoS' t efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ >l' tsyg

Kffl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >l' tsyg

;ªs\ ]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >l' tsyg

:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ >l' tsyg

Jo~hg j0f{ -ª, r, 5, h, em, ` j0f{ / dfqf ko| fu] _ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f ug{ >l' tj0fg{

kf7df k|o'St b}lgs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cg'Rrf/0f jf cg'syg ug_{ zAb e08f/
k9s] f j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\s]tg / lj;ª\s]tg u/L n]vg 9frF fsf] cgs' /0f ug{
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6o\ fpg / hf]8g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf]8\g / 56' \ofpg dfq_ zAb e08f/
lj;ªs\ ]ts zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{
lrq, zLif{s, kf7sf] kl/jz] / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro{, pT;s' tf h:tf ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt a'em/] k|ltlj|mof JoSt ug{
kf7ut kl/j]z, kfq / ;Gbes{ f] klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|ZgfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
;ªs\ ]tg /
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
k7g cEof;
kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{afw] / k|ofu] ug{ ;ªs\ t] g /
k7g cEof;
ljm| ofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrxg\ sf] ;rt] tf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg j0f{ lje]bLs
;ª\st] g /
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfok{ ':tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ zAb e08f/
;ª\s]tg /
;ª\st] g /
;ªs\ t] g /
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
lrx\g, sfn
k7g afw]
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
k7g cEof;
kg' ?Tkfbg
nv] g cEof
nv] g cEof
n]vg cEof
lrxg\ , sfn
lrxg\ , sfn
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M

g]{ kIf ;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] dN" ofªs\ g yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g s}lkmot
ldlt cªs\ g ldlt cªs\ g
/ s'/fsfgL
/
cjnfs] g -xfpefp /
lj;ªs\ ]tg syg_
; 5nkmn
lj;ªs\ ]tg
; k|Zgf]Q/
s/0f
lj;ª\st] g cjnf]sg
/
lj;ª\st] g zAb;r" L
lj;ªs\ ]tg
lj;ªs\ t] g cy{af]w / k|ofu]

n / ;ª\ult 9frF f nv] g

; /ª e/0f
f; >j0f / pRrf/0f
f;
f; ;:j/jfrg
n / ;ªu\ lt >j0f / pRrf/0f
n / ;ªu\ lt ;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ª\st]
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnf]sg ->j0f_
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0fg{
dfl} vs k|ofu]
;"rgf k|of]u
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f
k|jfx
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L
cgn' v] g
>'ltn]vg
k|ZgfQ] /
dfl} vs ko| f]u
lnlvt ko| fu]
df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{

pknlAw k|ltzt

109

*= xfdf| ] ;:+ s[lt sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M gk] fnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug

s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/sf j|mddf pko'St efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ >l' tsyg

Kffl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L ko| f]u ug{ >'ltsyg

;ªs\ ]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >'ltsyg

:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ >l' tsyg

Jo~hg j0f{ -6, 7, 8, 9, 0f, t, y j0f{ / dfqf ko| f]u_ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ lje]bLs/0f ug{ >'ltj0f{g

kf7df ko| S' t bl} gs k|ofu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9\g -cg'Rrf/0f jf cgs' yg ug_{ zAb e08f/
k9s] f j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\s]tg / lj;ªs\ ]tg u/L nv] g 9frF fsf] cgs' /0f ug{
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6o\ fpg / hf8] g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jtg{ ug{ -hf]8\g / 56' \ofpg dfq_ zAb e08f/
lj;ª\st] s zAbsf ;?' / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{
lrq, zLifs{ , kf7sf] kl/j]z / ;Gbe{sf cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ kg' ?Tkfbg
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro{, pT;'stf h:tf ;+j]ufTds cleJolSt a'em]/ k|ltlj|mof JoSt ug{
kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbes{ f] klxrfg, 5nkmn, kZ| gfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
;ª\s]tg /
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
k7g cEof;
kf7\o;fdu|L k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{af]w / ko| f]u ug{ ;ª\st] g /
k7g cEof;
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ª\ult / lrx\gsf] ;rt] tf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg j0f{ lje]bLs
;ª\st] g /
ljifoIf]qut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k:' tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] lj|mofsnfksf cfwf/df_ zAb e08f/
;ª\st] g /
;ªs\ ]tg /
;ª\s]tg /
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
lrx\g, sfn
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
k7g cEof;
kg' ?Tkfbg
nv] g cEof
n]vg cEof
n]vg cEof
lrx\g, sfn
lrx\g, sfn
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

110

ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M

g{] kIf ;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofªs\ g yk ;xfotfkl5sf] d"Nofª\sg s}lkmot
ldlt cª\sg ldlt cª\sg
/ s'/fsfgL
/
cjnf]sg -xfpefp /
lj;ªs\ t] g syg_
; 5nkmn
lj;ª\s]tg
; kZ| gf]Q/
s/0f
lj;ªs\ t] g cjnfs] g
/
lj;ª\s]tg zAb;"rL
lj;ª\s]tg
lj;ªs\ ]tg cya{ f]w / k|of]u

n / ;ª\ult 9frF f nv] g

; /ª e/0f
f; >j0f / pRrf/0f
f;
f; ;:j/jfrg
n / ;ªu\ lt >j0f / pRrf/0f
n / ;ª\ult ;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ t]
zAb lgdf{0f
cjnfs] g ->j0f_
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0fg{
dfl} vs k|of]u
;"rgf k|ofu]
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut ed| 0f
kj| fx
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L
cg'nv] g
>l' tn]vg
k|Zgf]Q/
df}lvs ko| f]u
lnlvt k|of]u
df}lvs tyf lnlvt sfo{

pknlAw kl| tzt

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ j|md, @)&^

(= ;"rgf k|ljlw / ahf/ sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug

s'/fsfgL, ;j+ fb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf j|mddf pkoS' t efiffsf] k|of]u ug{ >'ltsyg
>l' tsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/j]zdf k|ofu] xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{
;ª\s]ts hf]8L ljleGg cfsl[ t / lrq lgdf{0f ug{ >'ltsyg
:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ >'ltsyg
Jo~hg j0f{ -b, w, g, k, km, a, e, d, o, / j0f{ / dfqf k|of]u_ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ lje]bLs/0f ug{ >l' tj0f{g
zAb e08f/
kf7df k|oS' t b}lgs k|of]udf cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cg'Rrf/0f jf cgs' yg ug_{ zAb e08f/
k9]sf j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ªs\ ]tg u/L n]vg 9frF fsf] cg's/0f ug{ k'g?Tkfbg
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6o\ fpg / hf]8\g, yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] \g / 56' \ofpg dfq_ kg' ?Tkfbg
lj;ª\s]ts zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ ;ªs\ t] g /
lrq, zLif{s, kf7sf] kl/jz] / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/ ug{ k7g cEof;
xif{, lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro{, pT;s' tf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em]/ k|ltlj|mof JoSt ug{ ;ª\s]tg /
k7g cEof;
cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^ j0f{ lje]bLs
;ª\st] g /
zAb e08f/
;ª\st] g /
;ªs\ ]tg /
;ª\s]tg /
k7g afw]
k7g af]w
lrx\g, sfn

g]{ kIf ljBfyL{sf] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofª\sg s}lkmot
ldlt cª\sg
/ ;fwg lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofª\sg 111
/ ldlt cª\sg

lj;ª\s]tg s/' fsfgL
; cjnf]sg -xfpefp /
lj;ª\st] g syg_
; 5nkmn
s/0f kZ| gf]Q/
lj;ªs\ ]tg cjnf]sg
/ zAb;"rL
lj;ªs\ ]tg cya{ fw] / ko| fu]
lj;ªs\ ]tg 9frF f n]vg
lj;ª\st] g /ª e/0f
>j0f / pRrf/0f
n / ;ªu\ lt ;:j/jfrg
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ ]t
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnfs] g ->j0f_
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0fg{
df}lvs k|ofu]

kf7ut kl/jz] , kfq / ;Gbe{sf] klxrfg, 5nkmn, kZ| gfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k7g afw]
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg;' f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ k7g afw]
kf7\o;fduL| k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{afw] / ko| f]u ug{ k7g afw]
b[Zoafw]
lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ªu\ lt / lrxg\ sf] ;rt] tf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg bZ[ oafw]
bZ[ oafw]
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfok{ ':tsdf ;dfj]z ePsf] lj|mofsnfksf cfwf/df_ k7g cEof;
kg' ?Tkfbg
n]vg cEof
nv] g cEof
n]vg cEof
lrx\g, sfn
lrx\g, sfn
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

112

; ;r" gf k|of]u
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
f; tn' gf
f; lrq
f; >Job[Zo ;fdu|L
n / ;ªu\ lt :ynut ed| 0f
n / ;ª\ult k|jfx
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L
cgn' ]vg
>'ltnv] g
k|Zgf]Q/
dfl} vs ko| f]u
lnlvt ko| fu]
df}lvs tyf lnlvt
sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^

!)= xfdf| ] ljm| ofsnfk sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug

s/' fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/sf j|mddf pkoS' t efiffsf] ko| fu] ug{ >'ltsyg

Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u xg' ] zAb klxrfg u/L k|of]u ug{ >l' tsyg

;ª\s]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >'ltsyg
:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{
Jo~hg j0f{ -n, j, z, ;, if, x, If, q, 1 j0f{ / dfqf k|ofu] _ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ lje]bLs/0f ug{ >l' tsyg

kf7df ko| S' t bl} gs k|of]udf cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9\g -cg'Rrf/0f jf cg'syg ug_{ >'ltj0fg{
k9s] f j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\st] g / lj;ªs\ ]tg u/L n]vg 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ug{
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6\ofpg / hf]8\g, yKg, x6fpg / kl/jt{g ug{ -hf8] g\ / 5'6\ofpg dfq_ zAb e08f/
lj;ªs\ t] s zAbsf ;'? / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{
lrq, zLif{s, kf7sf] kl/jz] / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ zAb e08f/
xif,{ lrGtf, 30[ ff, cfZro,{ pT;'stf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em]/ kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{
kg' ?Tkfbg
zAbcg';f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{
kg' ?Tkfbg
kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{af]w / ko| f]u ug{ ;ª\st] g /

lj|mofsf sfn, kb;ªu\ lt / lrxg\ sf] ;r]ttf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg k7g cEof;
;ª\s]tg /
ljifoIfq] ut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k:' tsdf ;dfjz] ePsf] ljm| ofsnfksf cfwf/df_ k7g cEof;
j0f{ ljeb] Ls
;ª\s]tg /
zAb e08f/
;ªs\ ]tg /
;ª\s]tg /
;ª\st] g /
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
lrxg\ , sfn
k7g afw]
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
b[Zoaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
b[Zoaf]w

k7g cEo
kg' ?Tkfbg

nv] g cEof
n]vg cEof
n]vg cEof
lrx\g, sfn
lrx\g, sfn
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldltM

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

g]{ kIf ;fwg ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g s}lkmot
ldlt cªs\ g
/ s'/fsfgL lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofª\sg 113
/ ldlt cªs\ g
cjnfs] g -xfpefp /
lj;ª\st] g syg_
; 5nkmn
lj;ªs\ t] g
; k|ZgfQ] /
s/0f
lj;ª\st] g cjnfs] g
/
lj;ªs\ ]tg zAb;r" L
lj;ªs\ t] g
lj;ª\st] g cya{ f]w / k|of]u

n / ;ª\ult 9frF f n]vg

of; /ª e/0f
g >j0f / pRrf/0f

f; ;:j/jfrg
f; >j0f / pRrf/0f
f; ;:j/jfrg
n / ;ª\ult lnlvt sfo{
n / ;ª\ult pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ ]t
zAb lgdf0{ f
cjnf]sg ->j0f_
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
j0fg{
df}lvs ko| f]u
;r" gf ko| fu]
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f

kj| fx
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L

cg'n]vg
>l' tn]vg
kZ| gf]Q/
dfl} vs ko| f]u
lnlvt ko| f]u
dfl} vs tyf lnlvt
sfo{
pknlAw kl| tzt

!!= xfdf| ] j/k/sf] ;+;f/ sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M g]kfnL

l;sfO pknlAAw k/LIf0f ug]{ k

s/' fsfgL, ;+jfb, 5nkmn / k|ZgfQ] /sf j|mddf pkoS' t efiffsf] k|ofu] ug{ >'ltsyg
>l' tsyg
Kffl/jfl/s kl/jz] df k|of]u x'g] zAb klxrfg u/L ko| f]u ug{
;ªs\ ]ts hf8] L ljleGg cfs[lt / lrq lgdf0{ f ug{ >'ltsyg
:j/ j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f ug{ >'ltsyg
Jo~hg j0f{ klxrfg u/L pRRff/0f / j0f{ ljeb] Ls/0f ug{ >l' tj0fg{
zAb e08f/
zAbdf ko| f]u ePsf ;+oS' t Jo~hg j0f{ klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ zAb e08f/
kf7df ko| 'St b}lgs ko| fu] df cfpg] zAb / zLif{ zAb k9g\ -cgR' rf/0f jf cg'syg ug_{ kg' ?Tkfbg
k9s] f j0f{ tyf dfqfsf] ;ª\s]tg / lj;ª\st] g u/L n]vg 9fFrfsf] cg's/0f ug{ kg' ?Tkfbg
zAbdf cIf/ 5'6\ofpg / hf8] g\ , yKg, x6fpg / kl/jtg{ ug{ -hf]8\g / 56' \ofpg dfq_
lj;ªs\ t] s zAbsf ;?' / cGTosf Wjlg klxrfg / pRrf/0f ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj
lrq, zLifs{ , kf7 kl/j]z / ;Gbes{ f cfwf/df 5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ k7g cEof;
xif,{ lrGtf, 3[0ff, cfZro,{ pT;s' tf h:tf ;+ju] fTds cleJolSt a'em/] kl| tljm| of JoSt ug{ ;ªs\ t] g / lj
kf7ut kl/j]z, kfq / ;Gbes{ f] klxrfg, 5nkmn, k|ZgfQ] / Pjd\ t'ngf ug{ k7g cEof;
j0f{ lje]bLs/0
zAbcg;' f/sf lrq / lrqcg';f/sf zAb klxrfg u/L k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ ;ª\s]tg / lj
;ªs\ t] g / lj
kf7o\ ;fdu|L k9]/ gofF zAb klxrfg, cy{af]w / k|ofu] ug{ ;ª\st] g / lj
zAb e08f/
ljm| ofsf sfn, kb;ªu\ lt / lrxg\ sf] ;rt] tf;lxt df}lvs tyf lnlvt cleJolSt lbg ;ª\st] g / lj
;ª\s]tg / lj
ljifoIf]qut l;sfOsf] k/LIf0f -ljBfyL{ sfo{k':tsdf ;dfj]z ePsf] lj|mofsnfksf cfwf/df_ ;ªs\ t] g / lj
k7g af]w
k7g afw]
lrx\g, sfn /
k7g afw]
k7g af]w
k7g af]w
b[Zoaf]w
bZ[ oaf]w
b[Zoaf]w
k7g cEof;
k'g?Tkfbg
nv] g cEof;
nv] g cEof;
n]vg cEof;
lrx\g, sfn /
lrxg\ , sfn /
dfkg

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

114

kIf ;fwg ljBfyL{sf] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofª\sg sl} kmot
ldlt cªs\ g
j;ªs\ t] g s'/fsfgL lgoldt k9fOsf] d"Nofª\sg
j;ª\st] g cjnf]sg -xfpefp / ldlt cªs\ g
0f syg_
j;ªs\ ]tg 5nkmn
j;ªs\ ]tg k|Zgf]Q/
j;ª\st] g cjnfs] g
j;ª\s]tg zAb;"rL
j;ª\st] g cy{afw] / k|ofu]
j;ª\st] g 9frF f nv] g
/ ;ª\ult /ª e/0f

/ ;ª\ult >j0f / pRrf/0f
/ ;ªu\ lt ;:j/jfrg
>j0f / pRrf/0f
;:j/jfrg
lnlvt sfo{
cjnf]sg ->j0f_
pRrf/0f
pRrf/0f
kl/ofh] gf sfo{
lnlk ;ªs\ t]
zAb lgdf{0f
cjnfs] g ->j0f_
5nkmn / kZ| gf]Q/
j0fg{
dfl} vs ko| fu]
;r" gf k|of]u
5nkmn / k|Zgf]Q/
tn' gf
lrq
>Job[Zo ;fdu|L
:ynut e|d0f
k|jfx
kf7 jf kf7\o;fdu|L
cgn' ]vg
>l' tn]vg
k|ZgfQ] /
dfl} vs ko| fu]
lnlvt k|of]u
dfl} vs tyf lnlvt
sfo{
pknlAw k|ltzt

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

cg';"rL # -v_ M ul0ft ljifosf] ljBfyLs{ f] l;sfO pknlAw dN" ofªs\ g clenv]

ljBfyL{ d"Nofª\sg dfkgsf cfwf/ M kT| o]s l;sfO pknlAwdf rf/cf6] f ;"rs lgwf/{ 0f ul/Psf] xg' fn]
s}lkmot dxndf pNnv] ugk{' b5{ . d"Nofª\sgsf nflu cjnf]sg, df}lvs kZ| gfQ] /, lnlvt sfo{ -sI
;lsG5 . sg' } l;sfO pknlAwsf] l;sfO sg' afFsL /x]df s}lkmot dxndf pNn]v u/L l;sfO kZrft\ d

sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M ul0ft ;r" s
lyd÷ljifoIf]q dV' o l;sfO pknlAw

d / d]/f] kl/jf/ :yfgsf] cfwf/df j:t'x¿nfO{ :yfgsf] cfwf/df j:t'x¿nfO{ leq / aflx/, cufl8 / k
leq / aflx/, cufl8 / k5fl8, afofF / lar, glhs / 6f9f 56' \ofpg ;sd] f -$ cª\s_
tn / dfly, bfofF, afofF / lar,
glhs / 6f9f 56' \ofpg :yfgsf] cfwf/df j:tx' ¿nfO{ leq / aflx/ jf cufl8 /
jf bfofF, afofF / lar jf glhs / 6f9fdWo] sg' } tLgcf6]
cªs\ _

:yfgsf] cfwf/df j:tx' ¿nfO{ leq / aflx/ jf cufl8 /
jf bfofF, afofF / lar jf glhs / 6f9fdWo] sg' } bO' c{ f6] f
cª\s_

:yfgsf] cfwf/df j:tx' ¿nfO{ leq / aflx/ jf cufl8 /
jf bfof,F afofF / lar jf glhs / 6f9fdWo] sg' } Pp6f 5
cª\s_

bj] gfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !) ;Dd uGtL ug,{ k9\g
!) ;Dd uGtL ug{, k9g\ , n]Vg ;sd] f -$ cªs\ _
/ t'ngf ug{
b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofªs\ g k4ltdf !) ;Dd uGtL ug],{ k9\g
s'g} tLgcf]6f sfo{ ug{ ;sd] f -# cª\s_

b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofªs\ g k4ltdf !) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g
sg' } b'O{cf6] f sfo{ ug{ ;s]df -@ cª\s_

b]jgfu/L ;ª\Vofª\sg k4ltdf bj] gfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g
!! bl] v @) ;Dd uGtL ug,{ sg' } Pp6f sfo{ ug{ ;s]df -! cª\s_
k9g\ , nV] g / t'ngf ug{
b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !! b]lv @) ;Dd uGtL u
ug{ ;s]df -$ cª\s_

b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !! bl] v @) ;Dd uGtL u
ugd]{ Wo] sg' } tLgcf]6f sfo{ ug{ ;s]df -# cªs\ _

b]jgfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !! b]lv @) ;Dd uGtL u
ugd{] Wo] s'g} b'Oc{ f]6f sfo{ ug{ ;sd] f -@ cª\s_

bj] gfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf !! bl] v @) ;Dd uGtL u

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

k/' f u/]sf] ;"rscg;' f/sf] cª\s k|bfg ug'k{ 5{ . l;sfO pknlAw dN" ofªs\ g ubf{ k|ofu] ul/Psf ;fwg
Iff sfo{, ux[ sfo{, 5f6] f sIff k/LIff_, kl/ofh] gf sfod{ Wo] sg' } jf cGo s'g} pko'St ;fwg ko| f]u ug{
dfq dN" ofª\sg u/L clen]lvt ug{'k5{ .

ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g s}lkmot
lgoldt k9fOkl5sf] d"Nofªs\ g ldlt pknlAw

ldlt pknlAw
k5fl8, tn / dfly, bfofF,

/ k5fl8 jf tn / dfly
6f 56' \ofpg ;s]df -#

/ k5fl8 jf tn / dfly
f 5'6o\ fpg ;s]df -@

/ k5fl8 jf tn / dfly
56' \ofpg ;s]df -!

g, n]Vg / tn' gf ug{

g,] n]Vg] / tn' gf ug]{dWo]

g], n]Vg] / t'ngf ug{d] Wo]

g,] n]Vg] / tn' gf ugd{] Wo]
ug{, k9\g, n]Vg / t'ngf
ug{], k9\g,] n]Vg] / tn' gf
ug]{, k9\g], n]Vg] / t'ngf
ug]{, k9\g,] nV] g] / t'ngf

115

lxGb' c/l] as ;ª\Vofª\sg ugd{] Wo] sg' } Pp6f sfo{ ug{ ;sd] f -! cªs\ _
k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ug{,
k9g\ , nV] g / t'ngf ug{ lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ug,{
;s]df -$ cª\s_

lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ug],{
ug]{dWo] s'g} tLgcf6] f sfo{ ug{ ;sd] f -# cªs\ _

lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ug{],
ugd]{ Wo] sg' } bO' c{ f]6f sfo{ ug{ ;s]df -@ cª\s_

lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @) ;Dd uGtL ug,]{
ug]{dWo] sg' } Pp6f sfo{ ug{ ;s]df -! cª\s_

cleefjssf] b:tvt M lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

116

k9\g, n]Vg / t'ngf ug{
k9\g,] nV] g] / tn' gf
k9\g], nV] g] / t'ngf
k9\g], nV] g] / tn' gf

pknlAw k|ltzt

cfwf/et" tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ jm| d, @)&^

sIff M ! ljifoIfq] M ul0ft ;"rs
lyd÷ljifoIfq] dV' o l;sfO pknlAw
d]/f] bl} gs hLjg
b}lgs lj|mofsnfkx?sf ;do sg' } rf/cf]6f bl} gs ljm| ofsnfkx?sf] ;do ;fW] bf rf/c}
cleefjssf] b:tvt M atfpg ;sd] f -$ cª\s_

xKtfsf lbgx¿ eGg / n]Vg s'g} rf/cf]6f bl} gs ljm| ofsnfkx?sf] ;do ;f]Wbf tLgc
;s]df -# cªs\ _

s'g} rf/cf6] f bl} gs lj|mofsnfkx?sf] ;do ;f]Wbf b'Oc{ f
;s]df -@ cª\s_
rf/cf]6f bl} gs ljm| ofsnfkx?sf] ;do ;fW] bf Pp6fsf] ;
cªs\ _

xKtfsf lbgx¿ jm| d};uF eGg / n]Vg ;sd] f -$ cªs\ _
xKtfsf lbgx¿ j|md;} Fu eGg jf n]Vg ;s]df -# cª\s_

xKtfsf lbgx¿ j|md gldnfO{ eGg jf n]Vg ;s]df -@ c

xKtfsf lbgx¿ j|md gldnfO{ eGg ;sd] f -! cª\s_

lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\ojm| d, @)&^

ljBfyL{sf] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] d"Nofª\sg sl} kmot
lgoldt k9fOkl5sf] dN" ofªs\ g ldlt pknlAw

ldlt pknlAw
cf6] fsf] ;xL ;do atfpg

cf6] fsf] ;xL ;do atfpg

f]6fsf] ;xL ;do atfpg

;do atfpg ;sd] f -!

_

cª\s_

pknlAw k|ltzt

117

sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M ul0ft ;r" s
lyd÷ljifoIfq] dV' o l;sfO pknlAw
xfdf| ] ;db' fo
bj] gfu/L ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug{, k9\g, nV] g / tn' gf ug{
118 @! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug{,
k9\g, n]Vg / t'ngf ug{ @! bl] v !)) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g], nV] g] / tn' gf ug{]d
ug{ ;s]df -# cª\s_
b]jgfu/L ;ª\Vofª\sg k4ltdf
Psbl] v aL;;Dd cIf/df k9\g / @! bl] v !)) ;Dd uGtL ug{,] k9\g], nV] g] / tn' gf ug]d{
nV] g . ug{ ;s]df -@ cª\s_

lxGb' c/l] as ;ªV\ ofª\sg @! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g], nV] g] / t'ngf ugd{]
k4ltdf @! bl] v !)) ;Dd ;s]df -! cª\s_
uGtL ug{, k9\g, n]Vg / tn' gf
ug{ bj] gfu/L ;ª\Vofª\sg la;;Dd cIf/df k9\g / nV] g ;

lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofª\sg b]jgfu/L ;ª\Vofª\sg k4ltdf aL;;Dd cIf/df k9g\ j
k4ltdf Psb]lv la;;Dd / n]Vg ;s]df -# cª\s_
cIf/df k9g\ / nV] g .
kGw;| Dd k9\g jf nV] g jf bz;Dd cIf/df k9g\ / nV]
7f]; j:ts' f] k|of]u u/L @)
;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ hf]/ / Psb]lv bz;Dd cIf/df k9g\ jf n]Vg jf kfrF ;Dd k9
lahf]/ ;ª\Vofdf juL{s/0f ug{ cª\s_

lxGb' c/]las ;ªV\ ofª\sg k4ltdf @! bl] v !)) ;Dd u
t'ngf ug{ ;sd] f -$ cªs\ _

@! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g,] nV] g] / t'ngf ug]{d
ug{ ;sd] f -# cª\s_

@! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug,{] k9\g], nV] g] / tn' gf ug{d]
ug{ ;sd] f -@ cª\s_

@! b]lv !)) ;Dd uGtL ug{,] k9\g,] n]Vg] / t'ngf ugd{]
;s]df -! cª\s_

lxGb' c/l] as ;ª\Vofªs\ g k4ltdf la;;Dd cIf/df k9
cª\s_

la;;Dd cIf/df k9g\ jf n]Vg jf kGw;| Dd k9\g / nV]

kGw|;Dd k9\g jf n]Vg jf bz;Dd cIf/df k9g\ / n]V

Psb]lv bz;Dd cIf/df k9g\ jf nV] g jf kfrF ;Dd k9
cª\s_

7f;] j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/L @) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ hf/]
juL{s/0f ug{ ;sd] f -$ cªs\ _

7f]; j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/L sg' } !% cf6] f ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ hf/]
juL{s/0f ug{ ;s]df -# cªs\ _

7f;] j:t'sf] ko| fu] u/L s'g} !) cf6] f ;ªV\ ofx¿nfO{ h
juLs{ /0f ug{ ;sd] f -@ cªs\ _

7f;] j:t'sf] k|of]u u/L s'g} kfrF cf6] f ;ª\Vofx¿nfO{ h
juL{s/0f ug{ ;s]df -! cªs\ _

ljBfyLs{ f] gfd M yk ;xfotfkl5sf] d"Nofª\sg sl} kmot
lgoldt k9fOkl5sf] d"Nofª\sg ldlt pknlAw

ldlt pknlAw
;sd] f -$ cªs\ _
dWo] sg' } tLgcf]6f sfo{

dWo] s'g} b'O{cf]6f sfo{

dWo] sg' } Pp6f sfo{ ug{

;sd] f -$ cªs\ _
jf n]Vg jf kGw;| Dd k9\g

Vg ;s]df -@ cª\s_
9\g / nV] g ;sd] f -!

uGtL ug,{ k9g\ , n]Vg /

dWo] s'g} tLgcf6] f sfo{

dWo] sg' } b'Oc{ f]6f sfo{

dWo] s'g} Pp6f sfo{ ug{

9\g / n]Vg ;s]df -$

Vg ;sd] f -# cª\s_
Vg ;s]df -@ cª\s_
9\g / n]Vg ;sd] f -!

/ lahf/] ;ª\Vofdf

/ / lahf/] ;ª\Vofdf

hf]/ / lahf]/ ;ªV\ ofdf

hf]/ / lahf/] ;ªV\ ofdf

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7o\ j|md, @)&^

ofu] kmn !) cfpg;] Ddsf 7f]; ;fduL| , lrq / ;ª\st] k|ofu] u/]/ ofu] kmn !
bO' {cf]6f ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -$ cªs\ _

of]ukmn @) ;Dd cfpg] 7f]; ;fduL| jf lrq / ;ª\s]t ko| fu] u/]/ of]ukmn !)
tLgcf6] f;Dd ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ ;sd] f -# cªs\ _
ug{
7f]; ;fdu|L / lrq k|of]u u/]/ ofu] kmn !) cfpg];Dds
ckf| dfl0fs gfkfs] f] ko| f]u u/L hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -@ cªs\ _
7f]; j:t'x¿ gfKg / To;sf]
cfwf/df cUnf] / xfr] f,] nfdf] / 7f]; ;fduL| k|of]u u/]/ ofu] kmn !) cfpg;] Ddsf bO' {cf
5f6] f] 56' o\ fpg ;sd] f -! cª\s_

cleefjssf] b:tvt M 7f]; ;fduL| , lrq / ;ª\s]t k|of]u u/]/ ofu] kmn @) c
;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ ;sd] f -$ cª\s_

7f;] ;fduL| jf lrq / ;ª\st] k|of]u u/]/ ofu] kmn @)
tLgcf6] f;Dd ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -# cªs\ _

7f]; ;fduL| / lrq k|ofu] u//] ofu] kmn @) cfpg];Dds
;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -@ cªs\ _

7f;] ;fdu|L ko| fu] u/]/ ofu] kmn @) cfpg];Ddsf b'Oc{ f
ug{ ;sd] f -! cª\s_

ck|fdfl0fs gfkf]sf] ko| f]u u/L cfFkm} 7f;] j:tx' ¿ g
cUnf] / xfr] f], nfdf] / 5f]6f] 5'6\ofP/ atfPdf -$ cª\s

ckf| dfl0fs gfkf]sf] k|of]u u/L 7f]; j:tx' ¿ gfKg / cGo
To;sf] cfwf/df cUnf] / xfr] f], nfdf] / 5f]6f] 56' o\ fpg

ck|fdfl0fs gfkfs] f] ko| f]u u/L 7f]; j:t'x¿ gfKg ;s]df

ck|fdfl0fs gfkfs] f] af/d] f atfpg ;s]df -! cªs\ _

lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

cfwf/e"t tx -sIff !–#_ sf] kf7\oj|md, @)&^

!) cfpg;] Ddsf b'O{cf6] f
cfpg;] Ddsf bO' {cf]6f
sf b'O{cf]6f ;ª\Vofx¿sf]
f]6f ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ug{
cfpg;] Ddsf tLgcf]6f;Dd
cfpg;] Ddsf
sf tLgcf]6f;Dd
f6] f ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf]8
gfKg / To;sf] cfwf/df
s_
o JolStsf] ;xof]udf
g ;sd] f -# cª\s_
f -@ cª\s_

pknlAw kl| tzt

119

sIff M ! ljifoIf]q M ul0ft ;r" s
lyd÷ljifoIfq] d'Vo l;sfO pknlAw

xfdf| ] ljBfno klxnf]b]lv b;f;F} Ddsf :yfg klxnfb] l] v b;f;F} Ddsf :yfg klxrfg ug{ ;sd] f -$ cª\s_
cleefjssf] b:tvt M klxrfg ug{
klxnfb] l] v b;fF};Ddsf :yfgdWo] sg' } cf7 :yfg klxrfg ug{
xft nfuL gcfpg] /
ofu] kmn !)) ;Dd cfpg] klxnfb] l] v b;f}F;Ddsf :yfgdWo] s'g} kfFr :yfg klxrfg ug{
b'O{cf6] f ;ªV\ ofx¿sf] hf8]
ug{ klxnf]bl] v b;f;}F Ddsf :yfgdWo] sg' } tLg :yfg klxrfg ug{

7f]; j:ts' f] ko| fu] u/L !) 7f;] ;fduL| , lrq / ;ªs\ ]t ko| f]u u/]/ xft nfuL gcfp
;Ddsf ;ª\Vofsf] 36fp bO' {cf6] f ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -$ cª\s_
ug{
7f;] ;fduL| jf lrq / ;ª\st] ko| f]u u/]/ xft nfuL gcfpg
7f;] j:ts' f] ko| fu] u/L @) bO' {cf6] f ;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ ;sd] f -# cªs\ _
;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf] 36fp
ug{ 7f]; ;fdu|L / lrq ko| f]u u//] xft nfuL gcfpg] / ofu] kmn
;ª\Vofx¿sf] hf8] ug{ ;sd] f -@ cªs\ _
;fk6L lng gkg{] bO' {
cª\s;Ddsf] ;ª\Vofsf] 7f;] ;fduL| k|of]u u/]/ xft nfuL gcfpg] / of]ukmn !)) ;
36fp ug{ hf]8 ug{ ;sd] f -! cªs\ _

7f]; j:ts' f] k|ofu] u/L cfFkm} !) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vofsf] 36fp u
7f;] j:t'sf] ko| fu] u/L ;fyLsf] ;xofu] df !) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vo
7f;] j:ts' f] ko| fu] u/L lzIfssf] cf+lzs ;xofu] df !) ;Dd
-@ cªs\ _
7f]; j:t'sf] ko| f]u u/L lzIfssf] k0" f{ ;xofu] df !) ;Ddsf
cªs\ _

7f;] j:ts' f] ko| f]u u/L cfkF m} @) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf] 36fp u
7f]; j:ts' f] k|ofu] u/L ;fyLsf] ;xof]udf @) ;Ddsf ;ª\Vo
7f]; j:t'sf] k|of]u u/L lzIfssf] cf+lzs ;xofu] df @) ;Dd
-@ cª\s_
7f;] j:ts' f] ko| fu] u/L lzIfssf] k"0f{ ;xof]udf @) ;Ddsf
cªs\ _

;fk6L lng gkg]{ !)) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf] 36fp cfkF m} u/L k
;fyLsf] ;xofu] df ;fk6L lng gkg{] !)) ;Ddsf ;ªV\ ofsf]
lzIfssf] cf+lzs ;xof]udf ;fk6L lng gkg]{ !)) ;Ddsf
cª\s_
lzIfssf] k0" f{ ;xofu] df ;fk6L lng gkg]{ !)) ;Ddsf ;ªV\
cª\s_

lzIfssf] b:tvt / ldlt M

120