5. Read the following passage and answer the questions.
You need to prepare very well for the exam. To do so, you have to study regularly. Many
students neglect their studies at the beginning of the school term. When the exam approaches,
they start cramming. You mustn’t do that. Cramming is not good because you try to learn a
lot of things in a short time, and so you can’t learn them well. Regular work right from the
beginning makes you through. I think it’s one of the conditions of success. There are other
conditions of course..
Most students learn answers by note taking them from a common source. I think this is
again a wrong way of preparing for an exam. For one thing, it’s no good memorizing things
without understanding or thinking about them. You become a parrot. Another reason is that
examiners get bored when they find almost the same answers in all scripts. You can’t blame
them if they don’t give you good marks. If you were an examiner, you would do the same. I
always try to understand what I read, make my own notes, and revise them frequently.
There’s one other thing. You may be well-prepared for the exam, but sometimes you find
unexpected questions. And you need to answer them offhand. It’s difficult to write good
answers without preparations if your language is poor. So, to do well, you have to have fairly
good command of the language.
A. Find opposite meanings to the following words.
a. different b. examinee c. ending d. failure e. recurrently
B. Choose the best answer.
a. The word approaches means…… (comes near/reaches/appears)
b. One of the conditions of success is…….(rote learning/regular studies/scramming)
c. Memorizing things without understanding is just like being…(an examiner/a student/a
parrot)
d. The word ‘offhand’ means……(with thought and preparation/without thought and
preparation/either thought or preparation)
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What kind of answer is boring to the examiner?
b. Why is it necessary to have good command of a language?
c. What, according to the writer are the conditions of success?
d. Why isn’t cramming well?
6. Read the following passage and answer the questions give below.
This happened to me when I was in India. I used to go to my office by train. On this particular
evening, I hurried to my station but when I reached there the train had gone. I bought a
newspaper and a packet of biscuits and sat on a bench. While I was reading, a man came and
sat down opposite me. There was nothing special about him, except that he was very tall. I
was still reading when my eyes caught a very strange sight. The man reached over the table,
opened my packet of biscuits. Took one, dipped it into his coffee and popped it his mouth. I
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 251
couldn’t believe my eyes. But I didn’t want to make a fuss, so I ignored it. I just took a biscuit
myself and went back to my newspaper. While I was pretending to be very interested in the
news, the man took a second biscuit. After a couple of minutes I casually took a biscuit. Then
our eyes met. He was staring at me furiously. I nervously put the biscuit in my mouth and
decided to leave. I was ready to go when the man stood up and hurriedly left. I folded my
news paper and stood up. And there on the table, where my newspaper had been, was my
packet biscuit.
A. Rewrite these sentences in the correct order.
a. When the writer reached the station the train had gone.
b. The writer used to go to his office by train.
c. The writer folded his newspaper and stood up.
d. The tall man stared at the writer furiously.
e. While the writer was reading, a tall man came there.
f. The tall man opened the writer’s biscuit and dipped into his mouth.
B. Writes ‘T’ for the true and ‘F’ for the false statements.
a. When the writer reached the station the train had come.
b. The tall man ate the writer’s biscuits.
c. The tall man left the station before the writer.
d. Finally the writer was confirmed that the tall man had eaten writer’s biscuit.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Where did the writer have to go?
b. What did the writer buy at the station?
c. What did the writer suspect that the tall man was doing?
d. What mistake did the writer do?
7. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
Every year thousands of visitors, pilgrims, from Nepal and India and trekkers from all over the
world climb up from the valley of Kali Gandaki, going eastwards on the path which goes over
the high Thorung La pass to Manang. The country is like moon because it is so dry. Nothing
grows. There are only bare brown rocky hillsides. No trees, no grass, just rocks. And then
they reach Muktinath with its tree-lined streets of apple, plum, and peach orchards. In a
peaceful park there are old twisted trees covered with prayer flags and a temple surrounded
by a hundred and eight water spouts. Many people come to see the flame which never goes
out. This is natural gas from underground which burns continuously. In the village the houses
are brown and flat roofed but there are bright lodge signs everywhere. The streets are full
of people, horses, and mule trains, sheep and goats and you can hear many languages being
spoken.
252 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
A. Find similar meaning to the following words.
a. enclosed b. constantly c. empty d. shining e. calm f. gardens
B. Match the following words with their meanings.
a. pilgrims to be all around
b. rocky reflecting much light
c. surround holy people
d. shinning full of rock
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Who visits Muktinath every year?
b. What is the village like?
c. Why do people visit Muktinath?
d. What do you know about the natural gas?
e. What are the streets full of?
8. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.
In those days when the earth was green and beautiful there lived a gigantic frog named
Tiddalic. The frog was so huge. He was bigger than the rocks and the mountains. His giant
body loomed between the sky and the earth. When he was in good mood, everything was
peaceful and calm on the earth. But when he was in bad mood, the earth would tremble,
rocks would fall, and mountains would shake. Even storms would rise and ragging winds
would howl.
One morning, Tiddalic woke up in a very grumpy mood. In fact, he was so grumpy that when
he went down to drink, he drank and drank until he had drunk up all the water in the lake.
He then edged his way to the river. He drank and drank until he had drunk all the water in
the river. The greedy frog went on drinking day and night. He drank all the water from the
billabongs and the streams disappeared into his vast mouth. He drank up all the water in the
land. He drank more and more until there was not a drop of water left in the entire world.
A. Find the words that are similar to the following words. f. quiet
a. grumpy b. appeared c. consumption d. larger e. attractive
B. Rewrite the following sentences putting them in the correct order.
a. He emptied the billabongs.
b. There lived a gigantic frog.
c. He went to the river.
d. No water was left in the world.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. How did the greedy frog empty the billabongs?
b. What would happen on the earth when the frog turned to bad mood?
c. What do you know about Tiddalic?
d. Why was the frog so grumpy?
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 253
9. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
A tree is a woody plant usually with a single stem. A large area well covered with woody
plants is a forest. The woody plants called shrubs and bushes are smaller than trees and have
usually more than one main stem. Trees are the largest living things on the Earth, and they
live longer than any animal. The tallest trees are mountain ashes which have grown to well
over 330 feet. The oldest trees are the Californian pines, some of which are more than 4,500
years old. The age of a tree can be told by counting the rings in the trunk. In most kinds of
temperate trees (i.e. grown in neither very hot nor very cold climates), new wood is formed
each year in a layer outside the wood of the previous year. The layers of wood, as seen on the
cut end of a felled tree, are circular and are called annual rings. Each ring in the trunk of the
wood represents one year of the tree’s life. In a year of good rainfall, the ring formed is wider
than one formed in the drier year. A record of rainfall can thus be read in tree rings.
Trees are important to our world for a number of reasons. Like all green plants, they build up
their food by the process known as photosynthesis. The by-product of this process is oxygen
which human beings and other animals take from the atmosphere as they breathe. That is
why the great forests have been called the lungs of the world. They make much of the oxygen
we need to live.
A. Find opposite meaning to the following words.
a. rarely b. greater c. intemperate d. narrower e. trivial f. indoor
B. Tick the best answer.
a. The woody plants are called____. (shrubs/forests/woods)
b. Californian pines are the ____trees. (smallest/biggest/oldest)
c. Trees build up their food by the ___process. (photosynthesis/rainfall/condensation)
d. Annual rings are____. (circular/triangular/vertical)
C. Answer the following questions.
a. How will you distinguish a tree from a shrub?
b. How can you tell the age of a tree?
c. Why have forests been called ‘lungs of the world’?
10. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
There is a myth that there is something magical about computers and those who run them. The
legend has got about that computers are ‘electronic brains’ and that programmers are some
sort of supermen. The facts are that computers are very stupid and the people who program
them are normal human beings. Anyone who can count from 0 to 7 on his or her fingers and
make eight can learn to be a programmer. The business is not difficult just tricky. It is very
misleading to imagine that computers can ‘think’ like people. They cannot. They have no more
a mind of their own than a lawnmower. However, they make it possible for people to ‘bottle’
thought. You work out how to do a particular job or solve a problem, write a program and the
computer will apply your thinking to that job or problem as long and as often as you like. In
this sense computers are half alive because they perpetuate the thinking of their creators.
254 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
A. Match the words with their meanings.
a. computer fairy tale
b. perpetuate the whole story
c. facts be responsible for
d. myth electronic brains
B. Write true or false for the following statements.
a. Computers are half alive because they perpetuate the thinking of their inventors.
b. The business is difficult but not tricky.
c. An electronic brain means electricity brain.
d. There is something magical about computers.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What can computers do?
b. What computers cannot do?
c. How can thought be ‘bottled’?
11. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Our society has become crazy about watching movies. Hindi movies have hypnotized our
Nepalese society. The advent of video and cable TV in practically every home has only
aggravated the craze. I have recently entered my teens and I know what these movies can do
to students of my age especially those in college. I regret that all Hindi films are based on the
same theme – love. The first thing each movie tries to teach is that everyone falls in love with
somebody, sometime or the other. This influences youngsters immensely. As a result boys
are found chasing girls, and girls encouraging them. Hindi films promote running away from
home and extreme steps like committing suicide. Personally I feel these are utterly foolish
measures adopted by youngsters. The public prefers such films to those that reflect real life.
It is a pity that no one realizes the extent to which these films can influence and thus prove
harmful to youngsters. One cannot say love is bad, for it all depends on how an individual
views it. We youngsters must not let reason be sacrificed for the sake of whimsical fancies.
Above all, we youth must learn to confide in our parents. We should have the guts to talk to
our parents convincingly, but not aggressively.
A. Fill in the blank spaces with appropriate words/phrases.
a. Our people have become unwise about______.
b. Hindi films are based on the same theme_____.
c. We should have the ____to talk to our parents convincingly.
d. The public prefers such films to those that reflect_____.
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 255
B. Put these sentences in correct order.
a. One cannot say love is bad.
b. The first thing each movie tries to teach is that everyone falls in love with somebody.
c. Hindi films promote committing suicide.
d. Love depends on how an individual views it.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What development has made people even crazier about movies?
b. List three examples of foolish behaviour encouraged by movies?
c. What is the best way for youngsters to avoid the harmful effect of movies?
12. Read the following letter and do the exercises that follow.
Kathmandu
April 10, 2018
Dear Abhishekh,
My father has taken a flat of a hotel in Pokhara for the hot weather this year, and all my
family are going there in May. I am to follow in June, as soon as our school closes. I asked my
father if I might invite a school friend to come with me, and he said I might. So I am asking
you if you will come with me for the holidays when I go-of course as our guest.
Do come! I have no brothers, and I shall be rather lonely without a companion. If you come,
we shall have a jolly time together, and thoroughly enjoy our holidays. Please write at once
and say yes.
Sincerely Yours,
Anupam
A. Find opposite meanings to the following words.
a. host b. depressing c. enemy d. precede e. comprehensively
B. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words/phrases from the letter.
a. The family is going to Pokhara seeking _____.
b. Anupam with his family permanently lives in_____.
c. Anupam needs a____ to spend the holiday.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Is Anupam going to Pokhara with his parents? Why/why not?
b. Why is this letter written to Abhishekh?
c. When are Anupam’s parents going to Pokhara?
d. What respect will Abhishekh be given in Pokhara?
256 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
13. Read the following letter and answer the questions given below.
Dhadingbeshi, Dhading
Feb, 20, 2017
The Chief
The District Police Office
Dhadingbeshi, Dhading
Dear Sir,
My youngest son, Sudan Basnet, a lad of fourteen, is missing. He left home to attend school,
as usual, in the morning. It is now about 8 p.m. but he has not returned yet. We all are feeling
worried about him.
He generally returned home at 4:30 p.m. I have made enquiries at his School where he is
studying but the school authorities are unable to give me any definite clue. The school says
he left school as usual at 4 o’clock. One of his class fellows, however, says that he saw him go
towards the nearby forest at about 5 p.m. with a man who appeared to be middle-aged and
who wore a green jacket and black pants.
Sudan is of a dark complexion, with a black mole on the left side of the nose and small scar
on his right cheek. He is about five feet tall and has a slender body. He walks with his head
straight. His name is tattooed on his right wrist. When seen last, he was wearing his school
uniform: a sky-blue shirt, grey pants a blue tie.
Please do your best to trace him safe and sound.
Yours faithfully,
Mohan Basnet
A. Match the words with their meanings.
a. the missing boy was physically slim with 5 feet height.
b. a class fellow saw him school student.
c. Sudan looked being walked with a stranger.
B. Rewrite the following sentences in the correct order.
a. Mohan registered the report of missing his son to the police.
b. Sudan left home for school as usual.
c. He didn’t return home from school.
d. His family made enquiries at school and with friends.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the letter about?
b. What did the family reckon of Sudan’s missing?
c. Write any four physical features of the boy.
d. Where does Sudan live?
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 257
Reading Advertisements
Advertisements have some specific words so some common words with their similar and
opposites are given below. This may help you in doing the comprehension questions:
Similar words:
at least- minimum post-position
candidate- applicant assistant-helper
certificates-testimonials attached-closed/joined
deadline- last date biodata-CV, resume, personal details
dedicated- committed eligible-qualified
discipline- field global-world wide
dynamic- energetic/ active negotible-flexible, open to discussion
established- set up perk-bonus
interview- oral test tutor-teacher
lately- recently vacant-empty
personnel- staff excellent-briliant, outstanding
petition- application attested-proved
salary- remuneration/ emolument
seeking- searching/ looking for
selected- chosen
Words with opposite meanings:
at least- most dynamic-lethargic, lazy
capable- incompetent local-universal
enthusiastic- uninterested/indifference negotiable-fixed, rigid
entire- incomplete/partial online-offline
inclusive- exclusive reputed-unknown
independent- dependent submit- withdraw
interested- reluctant /unwilling recent-old
later- earlier interview-written test
major- minor obligatory-voluntary, chosen
vacant- occupied ask for-reject
minimum-maximum attractive-repellent
employer-employee canfident-hesitant
258 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
14. Read the following advertisement carefully and do the activities given below.
Wanted
Silver Mountain School of Hotel Management
Invites the applications for the following
teaching posts from qualified candidates.
Chef Teachers
(Hospitality Management and International Relations)
Contact: [email protected]
P.O.Box:8856, Kathmandu, Nepal.
A. Write true or false for the following statements.
a. This institution is a School of management.
b. The school needs highly qualified candidates for the teaching posts.
c. The school is located outside the valley.
B. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words.
The advertisement invites____ for the teaching posts from qualified_____. The subjects
are___ and ____.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the name of the school?
b. What does it advertise for?
c. What kinds of candidates are required?
d. Where should the candidate contact?
15. Read the following advertisement and answer the following questions.
Vacancy Announcement
A reputed English medium school is seeking a dynamic, energetic, and well qualified secondary
level teacher for the following post.
Post: Mathematics Teacher (Full timer)
Qualification: M.A. or M.Ed. in Mathematics
Remuneration: Negotiable
Qualified and interested individuals are requested to send their applications to the following
address with a copy of their academic qualification, CV and a recent passport size photograph
within 20 March 2008.
Tara Madhyamic Vidhalaya
Chheepetan, Gorkha
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 259
A. Find the words from the advertisement which have similar meanings to followings.
a. looking for b. prestigious c. salary d. showing concern
B. Fill in the blanks with correct information.
a. The number of required post is _____.
b. The last date to submit applications is _____.
c. The last date to submit applications is _____.
d. _____ is minimum qualification to apply for the post.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the advertised post?
b. Who can apply for the post advertised?
c. What are the things to be submitted with the applications?
d. How much salary is fixed for the post?
16. Read the subsequent advertisement and answer the queries that go after.
Vacancy Announcement
A well established finance company requires dynamic, energetic, and managerial skilled
personnel for Birgunj and Hetauda office.
Post: Manager
Qualification: Preferable MBA or Master’s Degree in Management/ Business/ Finance/
Economics from a reputed university.
Experience: At least 3 years experience as Officer/ Junior Officer in bank and finance
company’s credit and marketing field. Good command in computer operation is a must.
Age: Not exceeding 35 years on the closing date.
Salary and benefits: Negotiable.
Interested person may apply showing expected salary and benefits with latest Curriculum
Vitae. Copies of Certificates of academic qualification, copy of citizenship certificate and
experience letter with recent passport size photo in closed envelope should be submitted to
the address given below by 8th April, 2011.
Post Box NO: 805 Makwanpur Nepal
A. Choose the precise reply from the prearranged alternatives.
a. The word personnel means …….. (staff, officer, employment)
b. To expect is to …….. (give, want, be hopeful of)
c. The word negotiable means………. (fixed, unfixed, inflexible)
d. The word dynamic is similar to……… (apathetic, lethargic, active)
B. Complete the following sentences supplying apt words/phrases from the manuscript.
a. The employer is ………..
b. Candidates should submit their applications on or before ………
c. Above and beyond the academic qualifications ……… skill is also must.
260 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What things should be submitted along with the candidature?
b. What is the required qualification for a contestant?
c. What type of experience should the applicant have?
d. What is the time limit for the submission of application?
e. Where will be the duty station for the selected candidates?
17. Read the following advertisement carefully and do the activities that follow.
Wanted Immediately
A well established herbal processing company is seeking young, energetic, self-motivated
and result oriented candidate for the following post.
Post: Deputy Supervisor, initially to be posted at Corporate Service Department.
Qualification and Experience: Bachelor Degree in Business Studies or Management. Master
degree is preferable. Working experience in the similar position will be an added advantage.
Interested Qualified Nepali Citizens may send their had written application along with the
personal bio-data including contact telephone number of email address, copies of academic
certificates and testimonials to the given address not later than April 30, 2003.
Selected candidate will be asked to undergo pre-employment medical examination by a
registered medical practitioner.
Kanagawa Memorial Herbal Processing Center
Post Box 707 Kathmandu, Nepal
Only short listed candidates will be contacted either by telephone or e-mail for interview.
A. Write opposite meaning to the following words.
a. finally b. receive c. before d. discarded e. excluding
B. Match the words with their meanings given below.
a. bachelor degree added advantage
b. working experience short listed candidates
c. interview required qualification
C. Answer the following questions.
a. At which department will the selected candidate work at the beginning?
b. Who is to undergo the medical examination?
c. What is the required nationality to be a qualified candidate?
d. How will the successful candidates be contacted?
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 261
18. Read the following newspaper text and do the exercises that follow.
CONGRATULATIONS
Dr. Shiba Thapa
Principal, Kathmandu Academy
On being awarded the Doctorate of Philosophy in
English Literature
On NIHILISM TRANSCENDED: Arthur Miller’s Spiritual Quest From Tribhuvan University
Kathmandu Academy Family
Narayan Chour, Kathmandu
Kaasthamandap Nepal college of Travel & Vidhalaya
Tourism Management (NCTTM) Bishalnagar, Kathmandu
Naxal, Kathmandu
Web: www.ncttm.edu.np
A. Write T for true and F for false statements.
a. Shiba Thapa has done her Ph.D. in English literature.
b. The topic of Ph.D. is Arthur Miller’s Spiritual Quest in his dramas.
c. She has done her Ph.D. from Tribhuvan University.
d. She is the Principal of three academic institutions.
B. Fill in the gaps with appropriate words.
This newspaper text is about _____offered to ____on her ____ in English literature on
the Arthur Miller’s _____ in his drama from.
C. Give answers to these questions.
a. To whom is this congratulation dedicated?
b. What is this congratulation for?
c. Who have congratulated her?
d. What has Dr. Shiba Thapa done?
19. Read the following notice and do the activities that follow.
ADMISSION OPEN IN
Bachelors in Public Health (BPH)-8 semesters (4 years)
Post Bachelors in Nursing (PBN)-3 years
Bachelors of Science in Nursing (BSN)-4 years
Om Health Campus Pvt. Ltd
A Sister Organization of Om Hospital and Research Center Pvt. Ltd.
Affiliated to Purbanchal University
Gopikrishna Nagar, Chabahil, Kathmandu
Phone No.: 4822451, 4822451
Deadline for form submission: 2073/05/20
262 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
A. Write true or false for the following statements.
a. This organization is affiliated to Pokhara University.
b. There is last date for form submission.
c. Om Health Campus has announced admissions in three different streams.
d. There are six semesters in Bachelors in Public Health.
B. Fill in the gaps with correct words/phrases from the text.
a. The full form of BSN is ____.
b. Om Health Campus Pvt. Ltd is the ____ organization of Om Research Center Pvt. Ltd.
c. Post Bachelors in Nursing is a ____ year’s course.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. What is the given text about?
b. What categories of admission are offered?
c. Who has announced admission?
d. Where can the applicant submit their application for admission?
e. What is the deadline for form submission?
20. Look at the notice of condolence and answer the questions given below.
HEARTFELT CONDOLENCE
BIRTH 1955/1/1 DEMISE 2012/1/1
Late Pranaya Raja
We extend our deepest sympathy and heartfelt condolences to our dear friend,
Mr. Binaya Raja and his family, on the sad demise of
his father,
Pranaya Raja.
We pray to God for the departed soul to rest in peace.
Staff
Himal Foods and Beverage Co.
Nawalparasi
A. Write the meaning of the following words/phrases.
a. sincere b. death c. deceased d. spirit e. commiseration
B. State whether the following statements are true or false.
a. Mr. Binaya Raja has died.
b. Mr. Pranaya Raja is the father of Mr. Binaya Raja.
c. Pranaya Raja died of cancer.
d. He was born in 2012.
e. The above given is a letter of condolence.
C. Answer the following questions.
a. Who has got death?
b. When was the person born?
c. At what age has he got death?
d. Who has written this message of condolence and to whom?
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 263
GE T START
ED
LISTENING
Listening is regarded to be the primary skill in language learning. Our present English
curriculum has given emphasis on listening skill as well. The textbook has included some
listening texts and exercises related to them. According to the Specification Grid, a listening
test of 10 marks is given to the students. In this unit, I have included some model sets as well
as some practice questions along with their tape scripts.
Tips for listening test
Students are instructed in detail how listening test is conducted (first three minutes).
The audio is played for three times. First they will listen and do the first question, second
they will listen and do the second question and the third time they will listen and check
their answers.
Questions are distributed to students and they have to write their names, symbol
numbers, etc. on the answer sheets and go through the questions. They are given five
minutes to write their names and read the questions, etc.
The audio is played for the first time. Students are given five minutes to answer the first
question.
The audio is played for the second time. Students have to answer the second question in
five minutes.
The audio is played for the third time and students have to check their answers in one
minute.
Types of questions
a. Multiple Choice
b. Fill in the gaps
c. True/False
d. Tick the correct answers
e. Ordering
Materials:
a. Cassette/Monitors' voice
b. Pictures, maps, diagrams, etc.
Note: The monitor plays listening text and provides any 2 types of questions mentioned above
each carrying 5 marks
Set A
1. Listen to the tape and write these statements are true or false. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. The people talking are Madan and Rita.
b. The girl is also invited to the wedding.
c. The boy knows how to use the camera.
d. Madan is going to a wedding.
e. Madan wants to have the camera on Saturday morning.
264 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
2. Listen to the tape again and tick the best answer. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. The people are talking about....................... (a wedding, wedding and a video camera, a
cinema)
b. Madan is going to attend his ..............................wedding. (brother’s, friend’s, uncle’s )
c. Rita is ready to give Madan her.................... (radio, video disk , video camera)
d. It is not..........................to use the video camera. (easy, difficult , interesting)
e. The boy ....... the girl for giving him the camera. (thanked, looked, shocked)
TAPE SCRIPT
Madan: Hi Rita! This is Madan.
Rita: Hi Madan! What’s the matter?
Madan: I am going to my friend’s wedding his weekend. I’d love to video tape it. Can I borrow
your video camera?
Rita: Umm……It’s ok I guess. I don’t think I need it for anything.
Madan: Thanks a lot!
Rita: Sure. Have you used a video camera before? It’s pretty easy.
Madan: Yes, a couple of times. Can I have it on Friday night?
Rita: No problem!
Set B
1. Listen to the tape and write True or False against the following statements. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. Mary Curie was born in Moscow.
b. She was the youngest of five children.
c. Her mother was a gynecologist.
d. She graduated with high honour.
e. She got a degree in mathematics in 1983.
2. Listen to the tape again and answer the following questions. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. When was Mary Curie born?
b. What was her father?
c. What happened to her when she was eleven?
d. Where did she go for higher education?
e. Where did her sister work?
TAPE SCRIPT
Mary Query was born in Warsaw on 7th November 1867. She was the youngest of five children.
Her father was a Physics teacher. Her mother who died when Mary was eleven was also
an educator. After graduating with high honours in her early schooling, Mary found herself
without options in Poland for her higher education. She spent some time as governess. In
1891, she followed her sister who was a gynecologist to Paris. In Paris, Mary enrolled at the
Suborn. She graduated in first place in physics in 1893. Then on a scholarship, she returned
for a degree in Mathematics in which she took second place in 1894.
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 265
Set C
1. Listen to the tape and write T for true and F for false statements. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. Neelam is working for a publishing house.
b. She has been in-charge of her department for three years.
c. Before coming here she worked in a juice factory. [5 x 1 = 5]
d. Unisha was the chairperson of The Business Voice.
e. She moved to Kathmandu from Nepalgunj.
2. Listen to the tape again and answer the following questions.
a. Where does Neelam work now?
b. How long has she been working there?
c. In which department does she work now?
d. Where did she work before?
e. Name the types of magazine published from Nepalgunj.
TAPE SCRIPT
Deepak: Who do you work for Neelam?
Neelam: I work for the greatest publishing house in Nepal. We publish newspapers of different
kinds: national daily, weekly and monthly magazines.
Deepak: I see and how long have you been working?
Neelam: I’ve been working for about five years.
Deepak: And how long have you been in-charge of marketing department?
Neelam: For two years.
Deepak: And what did you do before you were at this publishing house?
Neelam: Oh Deepak! You’re asking me everything. Before, I worked for a business magazine
in Nepalgunj. It was “The Business Voice of Nepal” and Unisha was the chairperson of this
publishing house. After that I moved to Kathmandu.
Set D
1. True or false for the following statements. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. By wetting clay and adding straw or another type of fiber adobe bricks can be made.
b. Workers stack the adobe bricks on this base.
c. Adobe buildings usually start with a base of stone.
d. Adobe is a type of mud that is used to make bricks.
e. Adobe buildings also stay cool in winter and warm in summer.
2. Answer the following questions. [5 x 1 = 5]
a. What is the use of adobe bricks?
b. How many sides do the molds have?
c. What is a mortar?
d. How long can adobe buildings last for?
e. Why do people lay the bricks out in the sun?
266 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
TAPE SCRIPT
Adobe is a type of clay that is used to make bricks. People in many dry parts of the world use
adobe bricks to build buildings. This is partly because there are few trees in these regions to
supply wood for building.
People make adobe bricks by wetting clay and then adding straw or another type of fiber.
They mix the material and pour it into molds. The molds have four sides and are open at the
top. People then lay the bricks out in the sun to dry, which can take several weeks. When they
are dry, the adobe bricks are ready to use.
Adobe buildings usually start with a base of stone or concrete. Workers stack the adobe
bricks on this base. They stick the bricks together with a mud like material called a mortar.
Adobe buildings are very strong and last for hundreds of years. Adobe buildings also stay
warm in winter and cool in summer.
Set E
1. True or false for the following statements. [5 x 1 = 5]
[5 x 1 = 5]
a. Steel is not one of the most important modern alloys.
b. Brass is useful in building construction and many other industries.
c. When the mixture cools, it hardens.
d. Brass, a combination of copper and zinc, is another ancient alloy.
e. People first learned to make alloys more than 5,000 years ago.
2. Answer the following questions.
a. What is an alloy?
b. Why are alloys more useful than pure metals?
c. What did ancient people use to make tools and weapons?
d. What are Aircraft and other vehicles made up of?
e. What is the use of brass these days?
TAPE SCRIPT
An alloy is a substance made of two or more metals or of a metal and nonmetallic material.
To make an alloy, the ingredients are melted and mixed together. When the mixture cools, it
hardens.
Alloys are generally more useful than pure metals. Pure metals may rust or wear away easily.
They may also be too soft to hold a shape. But mixing other substances with a pure metal
often results in a hard and strong substance.
People first learned to make alloys more than 5,000 years ago. Ancient people used a
combination of copper and tin, called bronze, to make tools and weapons. Today such things
as church bells and statues are made of bronze. Brass, a combination of copper and zinc, is
another ancient alloy. People today use brass to make such things as doorknobs and musical
instruments.
Steel is one of the most important modern alloys. Steel is a mixture of iron, carbon, and
other substances. Steel is useful in building construction and many other industries. Another
important modern alloy contains aluminum and small amounts of copper or other substances.
Aircraft and other vehicles are often made of aluminum alloys.
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 267
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ED
SPEAKING
The main purpose of language teaching is to enable students to use the language in day to
day communication. In our context, students hesitate to speak in English even though they
can produce a variety of written texts and possess a good knowledge of the language. As
such, the present English curriculum has emphasized the spoken skill as well so that students
will be able to speak fluently and accurately in a variety of authentic situations. In BEE as
well, a speaking test is given to the students that covers 15 marks. In this unit, I have included
some model as well as practice questions based on BEE grid and also some useful tips for the
students.
Purpose
To find whether the students have obtained the learning outcomes of speaking mentioned in
the curriculum.
Speaking constructs
The speaking test should test the following speaking constructs:
1. Pronunciation
2. Stress and intonation
3. Fluency
4. Accuracy
5. Appropriacy
6. Clarity of expressions
7. Language functions
8. Use of discourse markers and the features of connected speech
Tips for Speaking Test
Greet the monitor (e.g. Good morning/Good afternoon, Sir / Madam) so that you can
present yourself naturally and politely.
Ask the monitor for permission before taking your seat with ease. (e.g. May I sit down Sir/
Madam?)
Give your admission card to the monitor so that she/he can note down your symbol
number and name on the scoring sheet. (e. g. Here is my admission card please.)
The speaking test carries 15 marks and there will be altogether 4 questions. Each one is
described below:
Question Types:
1. Interview- 5 Marks
2. Describing, persons, pictures, charts, a sequence of events or retelling story- 10 marks
Materials: Questions for interview, pictures, maps, diagrams, etc.
Note: The monitor/teacher requires relating the language functions while assessing students'
speaking performance
268 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
Exercise 1
Look at the following pictures and answer the given questions.
1. Who are these people?
2. What do they do?
3. Where are they from?
4. Why are they known to us?
5. Why do people like them?
Exercise 2
Look at the following pictures and ask these questions with each other.
Who are they?
What are they doing?
Exercise 3
Look at the following gadgets and implements and say for what purpose we use them.
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 269
Exercise 4
Look at the following pictures and say why are these things used for?
Exercise 5
Look at the following table and say what it informs us.
Planets Period of Revolution Number of Satellite
Mercury 88 days 0
Venus 225 days 0
Earth 365 days 1
Mars 687 days 2
Jupiter 11.86 years 63
Saturn 29.46 years 46
Uranus 84 years 27
Neptune 164.8 Years
Exercise 6
The Prime Minister is visiting Gorkha soon. Describe it for your friends.
6.00 am Fly to Gorkha
6.30 am Arrive to Gorkha
7.00 am Address the meeting of the indigenous people
8.00 am Inaugurate orphanage
9.00 am Visit District Hospital
10.00 am Visit party cadres
11.00 am Fly back to Kathmandu
Exercise 7
Look at the following pictures and say what they mean.
270 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
Exercise 8
Look at the following sets of pictures, and describe how life has been easier today as
compared to the past.
Exercise 9
Look at the following pictures and describe them in the past tense.
Exercise 10
Look at the following pictures and describe them in the past tense.
Exercise 11
Interview questions
1. What is your favourite food? Why?
2. How did you come to the examination hall this morning?
3. What is your aim in life? Why?
4. How much mark do you expect to get in English?
5. Tell any four rules to follow in the library.
6. What four suggestions would you like to give to the people who support the 'Dowry
System'?
7. How many members are there in your family?
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 271
8. Tell any 2 functions of a computer.
9. What games do you like to play?
10. Do you help your parents when you are free? How?
11. How many members are there in your family?
12. Tell me any four rules and regulations that you should follow at your home
13. Think and say any four things we mustn't do in the classroom.
14. How do you spend your leisure time?
15. Tell me the name of 2 national luminaries of Nepal.
16. What are the vowel letters of English alphabet?
17. Have you ever been to India?
18. Tell me the way of preparing nice tea. Describe it at least in four sentences.
19. What is your hobby?
20. What subject do you like most?
21. What will you do in coming winter vacation? Say any four things.
22. What would you do if you found a purse on the way to school?
23. What would you do if you were the Home Minister of Nepal at present?
24. What’s your name?
25. Where are you from?
26. Which district and province is your village/town in?
27. Which is the highest mountain in the world? What is its height?
28. Who is your best friend?
29. Why do people like to travel?
30. Why is English language famous?
272 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
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COLLECTIVE NOUNS
A collective noun is a noun which is basically singular but refers to a group of things or
animals. Here are some common collective nouns given below:
A batch of bread
A basket of fruit A block of flats
A battery of guns A body of men
A board of directors A bowl of rice
A bouquet of flowers A catch of fish
A caravan of gypsies A choir of singers
A chest of drawers A colony of gulls
A clutch of eggs A constellation of stars
A comb of bananas A crew of sailors
A crate of fruit A dynasty of kings
A crop of apples A gaggle of geese
A forest of trees A grove of trees
A garland of flowers A haul of fish
A hail of bullets A hive of bees
A hedge of bushes A kindle of kittens
A horde of savages A list of names
A library of books A muster of peacocks
A mob of rioters A party of friends
A pair of shoes A plague of insects
A patrol of policemen A ream of paper
A posse of policemen A regiment of soldiers
A reel of thread, film A rope of pearls
A roll of film, cloth A series of events
A row of houses A tribe of natives
A set of tools An anthology of poems
A troop of scouts A pack of lies
An outfit of clothes
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 273
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DIMINUTIVES
Diminutives are very short and informal form of words, especially a name.Some common
diminutive forms of different animals and objects are given in the following table:
Word Diminutive Word Diminutive
animal animalcule lamb lambkin
arm armlet lass lassie
art article hill hillock
babe baby lock locket
ball ballet maid maiden
bird birdie man manikin
book booklet mole molecule
bull bullock mouth muzzle
cabin cabinet pack packet
car chariot part particle
cat kitten river rivulet
church chapel sack satchel
cigar cigarette statue statuette
crown coronet top tip
dame damsel young youngling
dear daring nose nozzle
eye eyelet part paddock
flower floweret poet poetaster
globe globule rose rosette
goose gosling shade shadow
hill hillock table tablet
lamb lambkin tower turret
274 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
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HOMES OF CREATURES
Creatures Homes
ant nest
ape tree-nest
bear den
beaver lodge
bee hive
bird nest
chicken coop
cow byre, pen
dog kennel
eagle eyre/aerie
earthworm soil
fish water
fowl coop
fox lair
hare form
horse stable
lion lair, den
mole fortress
mouse hole, nest
otter lodge
owl barn, nest
pig sty
pigeon dovecote
rabbit (tame hutch
rabbit (wild) burrow, warren
sheep pen
snail shell
spider web
squirrel drey
tiger lair
tortoise shell
turtle shell
wasp nest
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 275
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Objects OBJECTS AND SOUNDS
aero planes
bells Sounds
brakes zoom
bugles peal
bullets screech
canes call
chains ping
clocks swish
coins rattle
corks chime
dishes jingle
doors pop
drums clatter
feet bang; slam
fire beat
glass tramp; shuffle
guns crackle
hear tinkle
hinges boom
hoof throb; beat
horns creak
kettles thunder
leaves toot; hoot
paper sing
raindrops rustle
saws crinkle; rustle
sirens patter
steam buzz
streams wail
telephones hiss
thunder murmur
trains buzz
trumpets clap; peal; rumble
watch rumble
water blare
whips tick
wind bubble; lap; drip
wings crack; lash
howl; sigh
276 whir
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
GE T STARTED
Parents PARENTS AND YOUNG
bear
buck (rabbit) Young/Adults
buffalo cub
bull (cattle) rack
bull (elephant) calf
camel calf
cat calf
cow calf
deer kitten
dog calf
elephant fawn
fox puppy
giraffe calf
goat cub
hippopotamus calf
horse kid
kangaroo calf
leopard foal
lion Joey
pig cub
possum cub
rat piglet
rhinoceros joey
seal pup
sheep calf
stallion pup
tiger lamb
wallaby foal
wolf cub
zebra joey
cub
foal
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 277
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Regular Verbs
Infinitive Past Past Infinitive Past Past participle
participle
accept accepted accepted last lasted lasted
act acted acted learn learned learned
achieve achieved achieved like liked liked
admire admired admired link linked linked
advise advised advised list listed listed
affect affected affected listen listened listened
agree agreed agreed live lived lived
amaze amazed amazed locate located located
amuse amused amused look looked looked
answer answered answered love loved loved
appear appeared appeared manage managed managed
arrange arranged arranged mark marked marked
arrive arrived arrived match matched matched
ask asked asked measure measured measured
attack attacked attacked mention mentioned mentioned
bake baked baked miss missed missed
behave behaved behaved move moved moved
believe believed believed name named named
belong belonged belonged need needed needed
blame blamed blamed note noted noted
borrow borrowed borrowed notice noticed noticed
bother bothered bothered number numbered numbered
call called called offer offered offered
cancel canceled canceled open opened opened
carry carried carried order ordered ordered
cause caused caused organize organized organized
celebrate celebrated celebrated pack packed packed
clean cleaned cleaned paint painted painted
clear cleared cleared pamper pampered pampered
climb climbed climbed pardon pardoned pardoned
close closed closed park parked parked
compare compared compared participate participated participated
278 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
compete competed competed pass passed passed
complete completed completed perform performed performed
contain contained contained persuade persuaded persuaded
continue continued continued pick picked picked
cook cooked cooked plan planned planned
correct corrected corrected play played played
cough coughed coughed please pleased pleased
count counted counted practice practiced practiced
crash crashed crashed predict predicted predicted
create created created prefer preferred preferred
cross crossed crossed present presented presented
curse cursed cursed programme programmed programmed
change changed changed protect protected protected
chase chased chased provide provided provided
chat chatted chatted purchase purchased purchased
check checked checked push pushed pushed
damage damaged damaged rain rained rained
dance danced danced receive received received
date dated dated recommend recommended recommended
decide decided decided relate related related
deliver delivered delivered relax relaxed relaxed
depend depended depended release released released
describe described described remember remembered remembered
design designed designed repair repaired repaired
destroy destroyed destroyed repeat repeated repeated
decrease decreased decreased resist resisted resisted
die died died rest rested rested
disagree disagreed disagreed return returned returned
discover discovered discovered review reviewed reviewed
discuss discussed discussed sail sailed sailed
disturb disturbed disturbed save saved saved
dress dressed dressed scan scanned scanned
dry dried dried scare scared scared
eliminate eliminated eliminated share shared shared
end ended ended shop shopped shopped
enjoy enjoyed enjoyed shout shouted shouted
entertain entertained entertained skate skated skated
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 279
excuse excused excused ski skied skied
exercise exercised slowed slowed
exhibit exhibited exercised slow sneezed sneezed
expect expected snowed snowed
express expressed exhibited sneeze solved solved
film filmed spelled spelled
fill filled expected snow started started
fish fished stepped stepped
fix fixed expressed solve stopped stopped
follow followed stressed stressed
freeze freezed filmed spell studied studied
fry fried substituted substituted
greet greeted filled start suggested suggested
guess guessed surprised surprised
hail hailed fished step talked talked
handle handled tasted tasted
happen happened fixed stop terrorized terrorized
hate hated thanked thanked
help helped followed stress touched touched
hope hoped traveled traveled
hunt hunted freezed study tried tried
identify identified tuned tuned
ignore ignored fried substitute turned turned
imagine imagined underlined underlined
impress impressed greeted suggest used used
improve improved varied varied
include included guessed surprise waited waited
increase increased walked walked
interview interviewed hailed talk wanted wanted
introduce introduced warned warned
invite invited handled taste washed washed
jog jogged watched watched
join joined happened terrorize watered watered
jump jumped welcomed welcomed
knock knocked hated thank wished wished
label labeled witnessed witnessed
land landed helped touch worked worked
wrestle wrestled worried worried
hoped travel
hunted try
identified tune
ignored turn
imagined underline
impressed use
improved vary
included wait
increased walk
interviewed want
introduced warn
invited wash
jogged watch
joined water
jumped welcome
knocked wish
labeled witness
landed work
wrestled worry
280 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
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IRREGULAR VERBS
Infinitive Past Past Infinitive Past Past Participle
Participle
abide abided, abided, outgrow outgrew outgrown
abode abode
arise arose arisen output output output
awake awoke awoken outrun outran outrun
be was, were been outsell outsold outsold
babysit babysat babysat outshine outshone outshone
bear bore born overdo overdid overdone
beat beat beaten overdraw overdrew overdrawn
become became become overeat overate overeaten
befall befell befallen overfly overflew overflown
beget begot begotten overhang overhung overhung
begin began begun overlay overlaid overlaid
behold beheld beheld overpay overpaid overpaid
bend bent bent override overrode overridden
beseech besought besought overrun overran overrun
beset beset beset oversee oversaw overseen
bind bound bound overshoot overshot overshot
bite bit bitten oversleep overslept overslept
bleed bled bled overspend overspent overspent
blow blew blown overtake overtook overtaken
breastfeed breastfed breastfed overthrow overthrew overthrown
break broke broken overwrite overwrote overwritten
bread bred bred partake partook partaken
bring brought brought pay paid paid
broadcast broadcast broadcast plead pleaded, pled pleaded, pled
browbeat browbeat browbeaten preset preset preset
build built built proofread proofread proofread
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 281
brunt brunt brunt quit quit, quitted quit, quitted
catch caught caught read read read
choose chose chosen rebuild rebuilt rebuilt
cleaved, cleaved,
cleave cleft cleft recast recast recast
clung clung
cling came come redo redid redone
come cast, casted cast, casted redraw redrew redrawn
cast crept crept rehear reheard reheard
creep dealt dealt remake remade remade
deal dug dug rend rent rent
dig dived, dove dived rerun reran rerun
dive drew drawn resell resold resold
draw dreamt dreamt reset reset reset
dream drank drunk retake retook retaken
drink drove driven retell retold retold
drive dwelt dwelt rethink rethought rethought
dwell fell fallen rewind rewound rewound
fall fed fed rewrite rewrote rewritten
feed felt felt ride rode ridden
feel fought fought ring rang rung
fight found found rise rose risen
find fit, fitted fit, fitted run ran run
fit fled fled saw sawed sawn, sawed
flee flung flung say said said
fling flew flown see saw seen
fly forbore forborne seek sought sought
forbear forbade forbidden sell sold sold
forbid forecast forecast send sent sent
forecast foresaw foreseen sew sewed sewn
foresee shake shook shaken
282 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
foretell foretold foretold shear sheared shorn
shed shed shed
forget forgot forgotten shine shone shone
shit shit, shat shit, shat
forgive forgave forgiven shoe shod shod
shoot shot shot
forgo forwent forgone show showed shown
shrink shrank shrunk
forsake forsook forsaken shut shut shut
simulcast simulcast simulcast
freeze froze frozen sing sang sung
sink sank sunk
gainsay gainsaid gainsaid slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
get got got slide slid slid
sling slung slung
give gave given slink slunk slunk
slit slit slit
grind ground ground smell smelt smelt
smite smote smitten
grow grew grown sow sowed sowed, sown
speak spoke spoken
hamstring hamstrung hamstrung speed sped sped
spell spelled, spelt spelled, spelt
hang hung hung spend spent spent
spill spilled, spilt spilled, spilt
hear heard heard spin spun spun
spit spat, spit spat, spit
heave heaved heaved spoil spoiled, spoilt spoiled, spoilt
hew hewed hewn
hide hid hidden
hit hit hit
hold held held
hurt hurt hurt
inlay inlaid inlaid
input input input
inset inset inset
interweave interwove interwoven
keep kept kept
kneel knelt knelt
knit knit, knitted knit, knitted
know knew known
lay laid laid
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 283
lead led led spread spread spread
lean leaned leaned spring sprang sprung
leap leaped leaped stand stood stood
learn learnt learnt stave staved, stove staved, stove
leave left left steal stole stolen
lend lent lent stick stuck stuck
let let let sling slung slung
lie lay lain stink stank, stunk stunk
light lit lit strew strewed strewn
lose lost lost stride strode strode
make made made strike struck stricken
mean meant meant string strung strung
meet met met strive strove, strived striven, strived
miscast miscast miscast sublet sublet sublet
mishear misheard misheard swear swore sworn
mishit mishit mishit sweep swept swept
mislay mislaid mislaid swim swam swum
mislead misled misled swing swung swung
misread misread misread take took taken
misspend misspent misspent teach taught taught
mistake mistook mistaken tear tore torn
mow mowed mown think thought thought
outbid outbid outbid throw threw thrown
outdo outdid outdone understand understood understood
outfight outfought outfought wake woke woken
284 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
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ED
Antonyms
Word Antonym Word Antonym
abandon retain empty full
cheap expensive disclose conceal
modern ancient diverse similar
clean dirty distinct vague
abase exalt dry wet
ability incapacity straight crooked
abolish maintain divide combine
abrupt gradual drastic moderate
accept reject dwarf giant
acute dull eager apathetic
active passive talk listen
add deduct tall short
affirm deny elaborate simple
alert obvious dwarf giant
allow prohibit straight crooked
begin end egoistic altruistic
busy idle endless finite
altogether partially strange familiar
analysis synthesis enmity goodwill
assent dissent entire partial
attract repel exhale inhale
clever foolish excess dearth
cloudy clear early late
bliss misery export import
bent straight expand contract
buy sell exterior interior
catch throw face evade
concave convex famine plenty
concise wordy fantastic realistic
contract expand ebb flow
dearth plenty fluent hesitant
interesting dull godless pious
joy sorrow correct incorrect
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 285
defeat victory immature ripe
debt credit impartial biased
defer expedite implicit explicit
deficit surplus improbable likely
delete insert include exclude
summer winter increase decrease
smile frown inert active
sweet sour inferior superior
delude enlighten junior senior
descend ascend knowledgeable ill-informed
desirous averse lethal harmless
destructive constructive lock unlock
deviant normal loyal disloyal
dignify degrade major minor
diligent lazy male female
discord harmony mandatory optional
bizarre normal massive minute
brief lengthy mobile immobile
brutal humane mortal immortal
brisk sluggish mythical real
best worst necessary unnecessary
calamity boon obey disobey
bulky slim obscurity clarity
cancel confirm opponent alley
carefree worried order disorder
cautious reckless overt covert
charm repel pacify provoke
black white petty major
blameless guilty pollute purify
clarity obscurity popular unpopular
clumsy graceful prevalent rare
comic serious private public
comedy tragedy proximity remoteness
commend criticize refuse accept
bless curse reluctant willing
complex simple rigid flexible
286 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
gradual abrupt seen unseen
dim bright selfish unselfish
discourteous polite severe mild
heartfelt insincere shallow profound
harsh mild shy forward
horizontal vertical simple complex
hostile friendly sin virtue
illusion reality steady unsteady
active inactive total partial
appear disappear trust distrust
vague precise truth falsehood
wide narrow unity discord
win lose unruly orderly
wisdom folly youthful elderly
withhold grant zenith nadir
very resemble war peace
various same wide narrow
nag praise worried carefree
obey disobey vice pleasant
object support stupid wise
safe unsafe strength weakness
key minor useless useful
lovable hateful variation likeness
lucky unlucky unison disagreement
main subsidiary unable capable
pelf poverty shy frank
pity pleasure simple complex
poor rich smooth rough
poverty richess shun love
praise criticise shrewdly unknowingly
coarse smooth swell shrink
connect disconnect sweet sour
collect scatter thick thin
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 287
GE T STARTED
Word synonyms
all
amazing Synonyms
anger complete, entire, full, outright, absolute
angry incredible, unbelievable, improbable
answer enrage, infuriate, arouse, nettle
ask mad, furious, enraged, excited, wrathful
awful reply, respond, retort, acknowledge
bad question, inquire of, seek information
beautiful dreadful, terrible, abominable, bad, poor
begin evil, immoral, wicked, corrupt, sinful
big pretty, lovely, handsome, attractive
brave start, open, launch, initiate, commence
break large, enormous, huge, immense, gigantic
bright courageous, fearless, dauntless, intrepid
clam fracture, rupture, shatter, smash, wreck
come shining, shiny, gleaming, brilliant, sparkling
cool quiet, peaceful, still, tranquil, mild, serene
crooked advance, approach, arrive, near, reach
cry chilly, cold, frosty, wintry, icy, frigid
cut bent, twisted, curved, hooked, zigzag
dangerous shout, yell, yowl, scream, roar, bellow
dark gash, slash, prick, nick, sever, slice, carve
decide perilous, hazardous, risky, uncertain
definite shadowy, unlit, murky, gloomy, dim, dusky
delicious determine, settle, choose, resolve
describe certain, sure, positive, determined, clear
destroy savory, delectable, appetizing, luscious
difference portray, characterize, picture, narrate
dilemma ruin, demolish, raze, waste, kill, slay, end
do disagreement, inequity, contrast
dull quandary, problem, difficulty, predicament
eager execute, enact, carry out, finish, conclude
end boring, tiring,, tiresome, uninteresting
keen, fervent, enthusiastic, involved
288 stop, finish, terminate, conclude, close,
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
enjoy appreciate, delight in, be pleased, indulge
explain elaborate, clarify, define, interpret, justify
fair just, impartial, unbiased, objective
fall drop, descend, plunge, topple, tumble
false wrong, fake, fraudulent, counterfeit
famous well-known, renowned, celebrated, famed
fast quick, rapid, speedy, fleet, hasty, snappy
fat stout, corpulent, fleshy, beefy, paunchy
fear fright, dread, terror, alarm, dismay
fly soar, hover, flit, wing, flee, waft, glide
funny humorous, amusing, droll, comic, comical
get acquire, obtain, secure, procure, gain
go depart, disappear, fade, move, proceed
good excellent, fine, superior, wonderful
great noteworthy, worthy, distinguished,
gross improper, rude, coarse, indecent, crude
happy pleased, contented, satisfied, delighted
hate despise, loathe, detest, abhor, disfavor
have hold, possess, own, contain, acquire, gain
help aid, assist, support, encourage, back, wait
hide conceal, cover, mask, cloak, camouflage
hot feverish, warm, heated, sweltering, torrid
hurry rush, run, speed, race, hasten, urge
hurt damage, harm, injure, wound, distress
idea thought, concept, conception, notion
important necessary, vital, critical, indispensable
interesting fascinating, engaging, sharp, keen, bright
keep hold, retain, withhold, preserve, maintain
kill slay, execute, assassinate, murder, destroy
lazy indolent, slothful, idle, inactive, sluggish
little small, tiny, diminutive, shrimp, runt
look gaze, see, glance, watch, survey, study
love like, admire, esteem, fancy, care for
make create, originate, invent, beget, form
mark label, tag, price, ticket, impress, effect
mean add up to, affect, be important, be of
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 289
moody temperamental, changeable, short-tempered
move plod, go, creep, crawl, inch, poke, drag
neat clean, orderly, tidy, trim, dapper, natty
new fresh, unique, original, unusual, novel
noisy loudly, earsplitting, stentorian, strident
none nothing, nobody, no one, zero, zilch, no
normal daily, traditional, familiar, routine, proper
old feeble, frail, ancient, weak, aged, used
part portion, share, piece, allotment, section
place space, area, spot, plot, region, location
plan plot, scheme, design, draw, map, diagram
playful mischievous, prankish, naughty, roguish
popular well-liked, approved, accepted, favorite
put place, set, attach, establish, assign, keep
quiet silent, still, soundless, mute, tranquil
run dash, escape, elope, flee, hasten, hurry
sad miserable, uncomfortable, wretched
say inform, notify, advise, relate, recount
scared afraid, frightened, alarmed, terrified
show display, exhibit, present, note, point to
slow unhurried, gradual, leisurely, late, behind
somehow in a way, virtually, to a certain extent
somewhat a little, sort of, kind of, a bit, relatively
story tale, myth, legend, fable, yarn, account
take hold, catch, seize, grasp, win, capture
tell disclose, reveal, show, expose, uncover
think judge, deem, assume, believe, consider
trouble distress, anguish, anxiety, worry
true right, accurate, proper, precise, exact
ugly hideous, frightful, frightening, shocking
use employ, utilize, exhaust, spend, expend
uproot eliminate, to root up, deracine
upset disappointed, unhappy, sad
vary differ, change, alternation
wood jungle, small forest
woven knitted, fabricated
290 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
GE T START
ED
GLOSSARY
Words Pronunciation Synonyms Antonyms
acceptable /əkˈseptəbl/
suitable, satisfactory, up to unacceptable
standard
acclaimed /əˈkleɪmd/ highly praised, celebrated, blamed
applauded
accomplishment /əˈkʌmplɪʃmənt/ achievement, triumph, failure
success, deed
additive /ˈædətɪv/ a material added in small
amounts to sth
adequate /ˈædɪkwət/ sufficient, ample, enough, insufficient
plenty
advocate /ˈædvəkeɪt/ support, promote, be in favor discourage
of
ailment /ˈeɪlmənt/ illness, sickness, disease, wellbeing
disorder
alms /ɑːmz/ something given to poor
people as charity
annoy /əˈnɔɪ/ irritate, infuriate, upset, please
aggravate
anxiety /æŋˈzaɪəti/ worry, concern, fear, reassurance
nervousness
appeal /əˈpiːl/ allure, attract, fascinate, repel
please
appealing /əˈpiːlɪŋ/ attractive, tempting, unappealing
interesting, likable
ashamed /əˈʃeɪmd/ embarrassed, feeling shame, proud, happy
humiliated
assign /əˈsaɪn/ allocate, allot, appoint,
dispense
assignment /əˈsaɪnmənt/ task, job, project, duty,
position
associated /əˈsəʊʃieɪtɪd/ linked, connected, related unrelated
atheist /ˈeɪθiɪst/
doubter, agnostic, believer
nonbeliever
attain /əˈteɪn/ reach, achieve, accomplish, lose
get
autocratic /ˌɔːtəˈkrætɪk/ tyrannical, despotic, democratic
arbitrary
base /beɪs/ bottom, foot, foundation top
basically /ˈbeɪsɪkli/
essentially, fundamentally, particularly
principally
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 291
beautiful /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ pretty, gorgeous, attractive, ugly
charming
beneficial /ˌbenɪˈfɪʃl/
helpful, useful, valuable, detrimental
bereaved /bɪˈriːvd/ favorable
bidder /ˈbɪdə(r)/ having suffered the death of pleased
biodegradable /baɪəʊdɪɡreɪdəbl/ a loved one
boost /buːst/ a person who bids
caffeine /ˈkæfiːn/
ecological, eco-friendly, non-biodegradable
career /kəˈrɪə(r)/ recyclable
cause /k ɔ:z/ increase, improve, enhance damage
celebrity /səˈlebrəti/
a drug found in tea that
ceremony /ˈserəməni/ makes you active
clumsily /ˈklʌmzɪli/
job, vocation, occupation,
cluster /ˈklʌstə(r)/ profession
combine /kəmˈbaɪn/
reason, grounds, origin, basis effect
completely /kəmˈpliːtli /
complexity /kəmˈpleksəti/ famous person, superstar, nobody
icon
complication /kɒmplɪˈkeɪʃn/
rite, ritual, formal procedure
component /kəmˈpəʊnənt/
awkwardly, ineptly, gracefully
conduct /ˈkɒndʌkt/ inelegantly
consider /kənˈsɪdə(r)/
consume /kənˈsjuːm/ come together, group, mass disperse
contracting /ˈkɒntræktɪ ŋ/ unite, mix, amalgamate, separate
intermix
cookout /ˈkʊkaʊt/
corpse /k ɔ:ps/ totally, wholly, fully, utterly partially
countryside /ˈkʌntrisaɪd/
difficulty, complication, simplicity
crafty /ˈkrɑːfti / density
difficulty, problem, obstacle, simplicity
snag
part, constituent, element, whole
piece
manner, behavior, carry out misconduct
think, believe, bear in mind disregard
use up, spend, utilize, burn conserve
up
constricting, astringent, expanding
harsh, severe
an outdoor meal, picnic
dead body, carcass alive
scenery, landscape, sea
geography
cunning, sneaky, astute, wily, guileless
shrewd
292 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
crash /kræʃ/ smash into, bump into, break
down, collide
cripple /ˈkrɪpl/
cuddle /ˈkʌdl/ disabled, handicapped able, fit
cynic /ˈsɪnɪk /
dab /dæb/ hug, embrace, hold, clasp reject
decay /dɪˈkeɪ/
pessimist, skeptic, doubter idealist
delicious /dɪˈlɪʃəs/
daub, wipe, touch lightly, pat
desire /dɪˈzaɪə(r)/
decompose, rot, grow moldy,
dessert /dɪˈzɜːt/ perish
destination /ˌdestɪˈneɪʃn/ tasty, mouth-watering, tasteless
appetizing
deter /dɪˈtɜː(r)/
wish, aspiration, longing,
determine /dɪˈtɜːmɪn/ want
device /dɪˈvaɪs/ sweet food eaten at the end
of the meal
devotedly /dɪˈvəʊtɪdli/
purpose, end, aim, target,
devotee /ˌdevəˈtiː/ goal
diplomacy /dɪˈpləʊməsi / discourage, prevent, frighten, encourage
put off
disciple /dɪˈsaɪpl/
decide, agree on, govern,
display /dɪˈspleɪ/ establish
distracted /dɪˈstræktɪd / tool, machine, apparatus,
method
divert /daɪˈvɜːt/
efficiency /ɪˈfɪʃnsi/ loyally, faithfully, dutifully, unenthusiastically
eliminate /ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt/ kindly
engraved /ɪnˈɡreɪvd/ fan, follower, supporter,
disciple
enlightenment /ɪnˈlaɪtnmənt/
ensure /ɪnˈʃʊə(r)/ international relations, tactlessness
negotiation, tact
follower, student, learner, teacher
devotee
show, exhibit, demonstrate, conceal
flaunt
unfocused, troubled, attentive
perplexed, anxious
redirect, reroute, entertain focus
competence, effectiveness inefficiency
get rid of, eradicate, abolish, keep
remove
imprinted, fixed, stamped,
carved
explanation, illumination confusion
make sure/certain, assume
guarantee
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 293
entirely /ɪnˈtaɪəli/ completely, totally, wholly, partly
utterly
entrance /ˈentrəns /
way in, doorway, arrival, departure
envy /’envi/ appearance
especially /ɪˈspeʃəli/ jealousy, greed, desire, moderation
essential /ɪˈsenʃl/ resentment
eternal /ɪˈtɜːnl/ particularly, specially, mainly
etiquette /ˈetɪket/ necessary, vital, important, unnecessary
crucial
excitement /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/
everlasting, never-ending, temporary
exciting /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ endless
exhausted /ɪɡˈzɔːstɪd/ manners, protocol, custom,
decorum
existence /ɪɡˈzɪstəns/
exotic /ɪɡˈzɒtɪk/ enthusiasm, agitation, boredom
exhilaration
expelled /ɪkˈspeld/
thrilling, exhilarating, boring
expensive /ɪkˈspensɪv/ stimulating
explore /ɪkˈsplɔː(r) /
tired, worn out, fatigued, refreshed
exposed /ɪkˈspəʊzd/ pooped
fascinated /ˈfæsɪneɪtɪd/
survival, continuation, life extinction
ferociously /fəˈrəʊʃəsli/
foreign, alien, interesting, familiar
fleet /fliːt/ striking
flora and fauna /ˈflɔːrə disqualified, excluded, eligible
əndˈfɔːnə/ debarred
forbidden /fəˈbɪdn /
luxurious, costly, high-priced inexpensive
founding /faʊndɪŋ/
analyze, discover, investigate, lose
frolic /ˈfrɒlɪk/ survey
funeral /ˈfjuːnərəl / uncovered, showing, bare covered
enthralled, spellbound, bored
mesmerized
fiercely, viciously, cruelly, gently
violently
navy, task force, armada,
convoy
ecology, environment, plant
and animal life
prohibited, banned, permissible
outlawed
beginning, origin, dawn, demise
start
play, leap, engage in sadness
recreation, have fun
memorial service, interment
294 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
generous /ˈdʒenərəs/ kind, liberal, bighearted, tightfisted
charitable
giant /ˈdʒaɪənt/
huge, massive, enormous, miniature
glamour /ˈɡlæmə(r)/ colossal
gleaming /ˈɡliːmɪŋ/ alluring beauty or charm for
gored /ɡɔː(r)d/ attraction
grace /ɡreɪs/
gradually /ˈɡrædʒuəli/ shiny, polished, luminous dull
grocery /ˈɡrəʊsəri/
blush, redden, turn scarlet blench
harmony /ˈhɑːməni/
elegance, kindness, mercy unkindness
hermitage /ˈhɜːmɪtɪdʒ/
slowly, steadily, step by step rapidly
hospitality /ˌhɒspɪˈtæləti/
huge /hjuːdʒ/ a store that sells food and
other things used at home
humility /hjuːˈmɪləti/
agreement, accord, discord
hyperactive /ˌhaɪpərˈæktɪv/ synchronization
ignorant /ˈɪɡnərənt/
a place where a hermit lives or
illusion /ɪˈluːʒn/ lived
immediately /ɪˈmiːdiətli/ welcome, warmth, kindness unfriendliness
impression /ɪmˈpreʃn/ enormous, vast, gigantic, tiny
inhabitant /ɪnˈhæbɪtənt/ massive
initiation /ɪˌnɪʃiˈeɪʃn/ humbleness, modesty, arrogance
meekness
input /ˈɪnpʊt/
inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ agitated, energetic, restless lethargic
instill /ɪnˈstɪl/ uneducated, unaware, educated
illiterate
integrity /ɪnˈteɡrəti/
false impression, delusion, reality
intent /ɪnˈtent/ fantasy
interfere /ˌɪntəˈfɪə(r)/
instantly, right away, at once, whenever
just now
feeling, idea, consciousness certainty
occupant, resident, dweller, landlord
tenant
start, beginning, end
commencement, opening
effort, put in, enter, store output
motivation, stimulation, apathy
insight, support
inspire, introduce, encourage, dampen
inculcate
honesty, truth, reliability, dishonesty
unity
aim, plan, goal, intention without plan
intervene , impede, obstruct, assist
intrude
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 295
invigorate /ɪnˈvɪɡəreɪt/ refresh, stimulate, energize, exhaust
journey enliven
joyful /ˈdʒɜːni/
landscape /ˈdʒɔɪfl/ trip, voyage, expedition, tour
lasting
laughter /ˈlændskeɪp/ wonderful, blissful, unpleasant
lick enjoyable
/ˈlɑːstɪŋ/
livelihood scenery, countryside, scene,
loyalty /ˈlɑːftə(r)/ site
lunar /lɪk/
lush permanent, eternal, lifelong, temporary
luxurious /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/ ongoing
magnetic
magnificent /ˈlɔɪəlti/ amusement, hilarity, mirth sadness
majority
mankind /ˈluːnə(r)/ defeat, beat, overcome, lose
meditation thrash,
messy /lʌʃ/ conquer
mission /lʌɡˈʒʊəriəs/
modest /mæɡˈnetɪk/ living, source of revenue, expenditure
moment income
mourn /mæɡˈnɪfɪsnt/
mutually faithfulness, devotion, disloyalty
mythical /məˈdʒɒrəti/ trustworthiness
296 /mænˈkaɪnd/ cosmological, astral, heavenly
planetary
/ˌmedɪˈteɪʃn/
abundant, green, flourishing arid
/ˈmesi/
comfortable, comfy, deluxe unpleasant
/ˈmɪʃn/
/ˈmɒdɪst/ attractive, alluring, repellent
charismatic
/ˈməʊmənt/
superb, wonderful, splendid, terrible
/mɔːn/ glorious
/ˈmjuːtʃuəli/ greater part, mass, minority
/ˈmɪθɪkl/ mainstream
all humans, thought as one
large group
thought, contemplation, thoughtlessness
rumination
untidy, muddled, chaotic, neat
disordered
goal, purpose, objective, aim aimlessness
humble, plain, simple excessive
, moderate
instant, second, flash, split age
second
grieve, lament, weep for, rejoice
bewail
equally, jointly, commonly unequally
legendary, fabulous, factual
imaginary
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
noble /ˈnəʊbl / decent, good, dignified poor
normal /ˈnɔːml/
usual, standard, regular, abnormal
obesity /əʊˈbiːsəti/ ordinary
observe /əbˈzɜːv/ fatness, corpulence, slenderness
occasion /əˈkeɪʒn/ flabbiness
optical /ˈɒptɪkl/ watch, view, examine, survey violate
organic /ɔːˈɡænɪk/
time, chance, reason,
outburst /ˈaʊtbɜːst/ incident, event
output /ˈaʊtpʊt/ visual, ocular
overthrow /ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ/ natural, unrefined, crude, inorganic
pure
paradigm /ˈpærədaɪm/
sudden occurrence,
participate /pɑːˈtɪsɪpeɪt/ outbreak,
eruption
particularly /pəˈtɪkjələli/
production, yield, amount input
patriotism /ˈpeɪtriətɪzəm/ produced
pen /pen/ conquer, defeat, remove surrender
from
perseverance /ˌpɜːsɪˈvɪərəns/ power
persistent /pəˈsɪstənt/
picturesque /ˌpɪktʃəˈresk/ example, model, pattern,
standard
pleasure /ˈpleʒə(r)/
contribute, take part, join, opt out
poisonous /ˈpɔɪzənəs/ play a part
ponder /ˈpɒndə(r)/
chiefly, mainly, above all, modestly
pool /puːl/ principally
portage /ˈpɔːtɪdʒ/
nationalism, partisanship, disloyalty
preach /priːtʃ/ jingoism
write, compose, construct,
create
insistence, urgency, firmness vacillation
constant, continual, lasting feeble
charming, pretty, scenic, dull
pleasing
enjoyment, happiness, displeasure
satisfaction
toxic, fatal, lethal, evil, nasty kindhearted
consider, think about, disregard
contemplate
pond, lake, puddle
the act of carrying boats or
goods between two rivers
lecture, teach, give a sermon pay no attention to
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 297
preservative /prɪˈzɜːvətɪv / additive, chemical addition,
/ˈprɪti/ stabilizer
pretty /prəˈfeʃn/
/prəˈfeʃənl/ attractive, beautiful, cute, unattractive
profession /ˈprəʊɡræmɪŋ/ appealing
/prəˈməʊt /
professional /ˈprɒmptli/ line of work, career, work,
/pʌf/ vocation
programming /ˈpɜːtʃəs/
/pəˈsjuː / expert, qualified, skilled, amateur
promote /ˈrædɪkl/ proficient, trained
promptly /ˈræpɪdli/
/riˈæləti/ encoding, brainwashing,
puff /rɪˈkɔːl/ training
purchase /ˌrekriˈeɪʃn/
pursue /rɪˈflekʃn/ encourage, elevate, upgrade demote
radical /rɪˈfjuːz/
/rɪˈdʒɔɪs/ punctually, on time, quickly, late
rapidly /rɪˈmɑːkəbl/ rapidly
/rɪˈnaʊns/
reality /rɪˈpjuːtɪd/ gasp, breath, blow, current inhale
/rɪˈkwaɪəmənt/
recall /ˌrestəˈreɪʃn / buy, pay for, get, procure sell
recreation follow, practice, engage in precede
reflection fundamental, essential, minor
far-reaching
refuse
quickly, speedily, swiftly, slowly
rejoice hurriedly, promptly
remarkable actuality, realism, truth, idealism
certainty
renounce
remember, remind, recollect, forget
reputed memory
requirement amusement, activity, work
exercise, leisure
restoration
mirror image, manifestation, original
sign
reject, turn down, say no, accept
decline
celebrate, express joy, cheer, tense
delight
extraordinary, notable, ordinary
significant,
give up, reject, abandon, accept
forsake, leave
supposed, alleged, presumed, actual
apparent
obligation, condition, option
prerequisite
reinstatement, abolition
re-establishment
298 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
reveal /rɪˈviːl/ make known, disclose, conceal
expose
rolling /ˈrəʊlɪŋ/
rising and falling, having gentle steep
root /ru:t/ slopes
rural /ˈrʊərəl/
cause, source, core, basis
sage /seɪdʒ/
country, rustic, countryside, urban
scenery /ˈsiːnəri/ pastoral
scenic /ˈsiːnɪk/ wise person, thinker, mystic, foolish
scholar, guru
scoff /skɒf/
landscape, panorama, view,
scoundrel /ˈskaʊndrəl/ outlook
selflessly /ˈselfləsli/
shallow /ˈʃæləʊ/ picturesque, beautiful, ugly
shedding /ʃedɪŋ / attractive
shocked /ʃɒkd/ mock, ridicule, make fun of, respect
laugh at
shortcoming /ˈʃɔːtkʌmɪŋ/
crook, rogue, rascal, villain hero
sight /saɪt/
unselfishly, altruistically selfishly
significant /sɪɡˈnɪfɪkənt /
low, thin, superficial, trivial deep
simplicity /sɪmˈplɪsəti/
flaking, coming loose, smooth
sleeplessness /ˈsliːpləsnəs/ cracking, peeling
slump /slʌmp/ surprised, stunned, dazed, indifferent
upset
smear /smɪə(r)/
smeared /smɪə(r)/ defect, failing, fault, virtue
deficiency
snatch /snætʃ/
spacecraft /ˈspeɪskrɑːft/ view, notice, scene, picture,
species /ˈspiːʃiːz/ glimpse
spill /spɪl/
important, noteworthy, trivial
major
straightforwardness, difficulty
plainness, ease
insomnia, wakefulness, calmness
restlessness
fall, crash, bend, slouch, rise
drop
spread, daub, slander, cover
dirty, muddy, messy, soiled, clean
unclean
grab, grasp, seize, steal, take seal
spaceship, rocket ship
class, type, kind, variety
drop, fall, leak, spatter, tip rise
out
Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8 299
spirit /ˈspɪrɪt/ strength, courage, soul, will,
spot /spɒt/ guts
steer /stɪə(r)/
storage /ˈstɔːrɪdʒ/ place, location, setting, site
stranger /ˈstreɪndʒə(r)/
strategy /ˈstrætədʒi/ guide, turn, maneuver, shove circuitous
strengthen /ˈstreŋθn/
sublime /səˈblaɪm/ storeroom, luggage
subtropical /ˌsʌbˈtrɒpɪkl/ compartment
suffering /ˈsʌfərɪŋ/ unfamiliar person, alien, new known
supreme /suːˈpriːm/ arrival
surmise /səˈmaɪz/
surrounded /səˈraʊnd/ plan, policy, approach, tactic,
task /tɑːsk/ stratagem
terminal /ˈtɜːmɪnl/
thrilled /θrɪld/ make stronger, reinforce, weaken
transcend /trænˈsend/ bolster
trickster /ˈtrɪkstə(r)/
trigger /ˈtrɪɡə(r) / inspiring, uplifting, ridiculous
trouble /ˈtrʌbl/ transcendent, moving
ultimately /ˈʌltɪmətli/
undergo /ˌʌndəˈɡəʊ/ in or connected with regions
that are near tropical parts of
the world
pain, distress, misery, comfort
anguish
highest, utmost, greatest, worst
best
guess, deduce, infer, assume,
conclusion
bounded, bordered, open
enclosed
job, duty, mission,
assignment, chore
fatal, incurable, deadly, harmless
lethal
delighted, excited, overjoyed, disappointed
pleased
rise above, go beyond, trail
exceed, outdo
cheat, swindler, fraud, truthfulness
slippery customer
activate, prompt, produce, halt
initiate
dilemma, plight, difficulty ease
in the end, eventually, finally, initially
at last
experience, feel, suffer, keep
endure
300 Dynamic English Grammar and Composition Book-8
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