ffms>>>25i 7 Ut,z li£'z<n&%T1rt'0 L }> o L A/ 8 U%z \ -ftffT-fo < tziS V'o & fc v ' L ^ ' T"i" Jt <, iii>< <n c^ £ 5 7; tw 9 v h > : -tftA, Michiko: Mary, I haven’t seen you for a long time. How was your vacation? Mary: It was really fun. I went shopping, ate Korean dishes, and things like that in Korea. Michiko: Sounds good. I want to travel, too. Mary: Did you have a fun vacation, Michiko? Michiko: It was okay. I went for a drive just for one day, but I was working part-time every day. Mary: Michiko, I want to introduce you to a friend of mine. This is John. He came to Japan last month. John: How do you do? Michiko: How do you do? I am Michiko Yamakawa. Michiko: John, where are you from? John: I am from Cairns, Australia. Michiko: Is that so. John: Have you been to Cairns? Michiko: No, I haven’t. John: It has mountains and the ocean and is a beautiful place. It’s famous for the Great Barrier Reef. Where are you from, Michiko? Michiko: I am from Nagano. Please come to visit me sometime. The food is good, too. John: By all means, I would love to.
252 sIS • 3££H mTchu V o c a Nouns * i" — X b 7 'J T 9>' L £>' L J: 1 £££ fc £ 3 <n z fc i 0 ‘J fc/C-tf/C &L+£<n> z ti*'. ' 3 < zm L n> HI + +• >7 l<>£ J: *5 L rb J: -7 L/C IT* 0 ij * K 7 4 7" -tXh7r;'J- $ * Vi 0j j?*) * /1/-AZ- b U - v e r b s •? £7 < t'l §s pp<2 b u I a r y Australia snack; sweets New Year s boy festival toy spa; hot spring girl foreign country singer river camp this person (polite) this semester president of a company class future shrine fishing drive beer art museum host family lake mountain dream roommate to tell a lie to become hungry to own (a pet) (~ £ ) to cut (classes) (~ £ ) @ K1 1-07 * Words that appear in the dialogue
sna>»253z % JH6 +£b7 f? <niiz li/zb < R u - v e rbs K* &> %> Irregular Verbs It yU'-f <5 * L Jt 9 #'V '-f & y 'i X- y h f -5> V rJ •j * < -r @#1-* Adverbs a n d O t h * Inn L/C tfa# f LT * ~T ^ * rA s L .j: u A L ') * i & i & t o ^ to take (a class); to get (a grade) (~ £ ) to learn (~£) to climb (pZace I C ) to work to get tired to quit (~£) to have a fight; to quarrel to introduce (person IZ person £) to go on a diet to be late (for an appointment) (~ I - ) to study abroad (place 1 1 ) Expressions after (an event) (event (D) coming from (place <D) and then just . . . ; only . . . . . . points it has been a long time okay; so-so more ADDITIONAL VOCABULARY @ K i 1-08 li So#' writer V -y — i~ 1 j X h journalist l+t'S'?#'// police officer lit 'll) n (#-(5) actor; actress 0 t> b 7 U Z 7 L astronaut baseball player ti t ' Z 7 •J X 7 (AITEtI) president of a country I (Occupations) L J: t|> P (^C#) actress #'C 3" L (#iftip) nurse L J: 7 1$ 7 L 0#Kf±) firefighter t LtH' (>j|®^) cartoonist
254 -gala )£ G r a m m a r iS\hj ®3 CT -feu You can use a verb stem (the verb form that goes before £ "£) + fz v ' T't' to describe your hope or aspiration. ^£<7)3*11, or BfcS^JL/cV'T'fo >1/^ if Ln>9io rt* A. X.V' ft I want to see a film this weekend. \ •» tz± \ x-f 0 »i» CT < t,' I want to go to China someday. verb stem + TclAT I want to do . . . As you can see in the first example above, having 7c v ' attached to a verb slightly affects the composition of the sentence. A verb that takes the particle £ can have either the particle £ or 4* when it is followed by fz v '. Particles other than £ remain the same. The combination of a verb and 7c v ' conjugates as an v '-adjective. Here are examples of negative and past tense fz v ' sentences. &<7)AUIi^'/c < A^T'-fo V't ih I dont want to see that person. Hz — 9 — tz t'b, X''0 — b ICff $ i L tzo i)'' i' I went to a department store, because I wanted to buy a sweater. If your wish is one you have entertained for some time, that is, if you “have wanted to,” you can use 7c t ' £ ® o T v ' £ instead of 7c v ' T~t. & ij tz v 'Tlr sentences are not usually used to describe wishes held by others. Somebody elses wishes are usually reported in Japanese either as quotations, observations, or guesses. To quote somebody, saying that she wants to do something, you can use £ iT o T v ' i L tz with tz v '. Itz o i' Mary said she wanted to go to Tibet.
To describe your observation to the effect that somebody wants to do something, you must use a special verb instead of fzW If a verb takes the particle £ , the derived verb will retain the £ , unlike 7c v \ with which we had a choice between the particles and £. (It seems) Mary wants to wear a kimono. The verb fz^^ T t '%>, which comes from the dictionary form fzf < ^>, indicates “I think that she wants to, because of the way she is behaving” We will have more to say about this type of sentence in Lesson 14. I want to . . . /Do you want to ... ? • verb stem + /cliZrlT • /ell conjugates as an ll-adjective • 1$ or ^ They want to .. • verb stem + • fcti'Tb conjugates as an u-ver • ^ only KM ~rco~ito?z> You already know that you can connect two clauses with the te-form of predicates, as in: fcfcSrt' 7)' &<D IfA, ti/v tz In Osaka, I will do some shopping and eat dinner. This sentence, however, tends to suggest that shopping and dining are the only activities you plan to perform in Osaka and that those two activities will be done in that order. If you want to avoid such implications and want to mention activities or events just as examples, and in no set order, you can use a special predicate form ~ tz 1 j ~ tz 1 j i" Z> /:‘J, VLZ'tiL*'k'<tz') Lite 75' h<n l£A, liA, £ /h Osaka, I will do such things as shopping, orzd eating dinner. (activity A) /c D (activity B) /c Q If S do swc/i dzmgs as A and B To get the fz l ) form of a predicate, you just add U to the past tense short form of a predicate. (Thus we have L fz for the verb 6 , whose past tense is L 7c, and fz *j for ^^ Z> > past tense fz.) Note that the helping verb 1r at the end of the sentence indicates the tense of the sentence. You can change a ~ fz ‘j ~ tz 1 ) i~ % sentence into the past tense, or incorporate it in a bigger sentence, by working on the helping verb part.
256>»£jg-:5t&li i&jfcli, ^<Lb Mfelin tz'). tf^^L/cHU/co tt i±$r I studied and talked with myfriends, among other things, over the weekend. fct* $ -r I like dancing, listening to music, and so forth. The past tense short form of a verb + Z 'C'h < hfr%> describes that you did something, or something happened, in earlier times. #±iUic«o/zz i-To I have had the experience of climbing Mt. Fuji. tzlim /0(±^m z Takeshi has never been absentfrom classes (in his life). verb (short, past, affirmative) + H<L£)''<fc :a) have the experience of. . . If somebody asks you a question using Z £ /)*£> <) £ ~f you can just say £> l ) £'£/£>*) £ XL or repeat the whole verbal complex (ff r>tzZ £ -fIff o tz Z { ) £ XL). s — D o fz z ‘J £ -f tJ ' 0 — |iv\ Zfrjh ‘J £ir 0 Have you ever been to Europe? (i v \ &> { ) Or0 (X (iv\ Z ‘J ifo) Yes, I have. noun A ^ noun B ^ connects two nouns, as does £ . ^ suggests that the things referred to are proposed as examples, and that you are not citing an exhaustive list. A •'f > B A and B, for example * £ L tz 0 btn t 4' b I went to Kyoto and Nara (for example, and may have visited other places as well).
ISnB»>257ny-h 11 \ E x p r e s s i o n Notes IT U in negative sentences In negative sentences, you often find the particle It where you expect & or £: . Observe the reply sentences in the dialogues below: Q : ULlT5t4.t±T W bl Do you watch TV, Prof. Yamashita? A • 1'V^x.n y* 1^ b: tiMS-dr/Lo No, I don't. Q : n-H § Tsfr Do you like coffee? f A • n — b: — ti£P# No, I don't. -r & and respectively, would not be ungrammatical in the above examples. Many Japanese speakers, however, find the {± versions more natural. The rule of thumb is that negative Japanese sentences tend to contain at least one It phrase. If you add ft t± to the sentences above, therefore, the need for It fi />. L is already fulfilled, and Japanese speakers feel much less compelled to use It after fUf and n — b: — . It may also follow particles like V and IZ. I don't want to speak in English. X.V' r l i* {£H?t- tiff o tzZLh ifitb ^ S -d:A/ 0 I have never been to Hiroshima. X>hLi I' Td It You can add fit t to numbers to talk about having just that many items, ff tt implies that you have something up to the amount needed, but not more than that. btz L X>t Corin' 3b I have met that person just once. — ^ S I have just one question. V-t LoU 1 H + ffi ff tt % ^ L/: 0 I sleptforjust thirty minutes. J A/ fa fi tt suggests that you can live with that few, though the number admittedly could have been higher. We will learn another word in Lesson 14, namely, L?5\ which means “only” in the sense that you do not have enough of. \Z You can use the particle IZ to indicate the occasion on which you do something. Lfio I ate salad at dinner. IfA/ If A, tz J
258 JESS t- can also indicate the role you want something to play. ]£ Lfz 0 I bought a postcard as a souvenir. X. li tfb it' or — K 7 d 7" is used when you go somewhere by car for pleasure. To say “to have a drive” or “to go for a drive,” use Vy d 7" tiff < or K y d 7"i~ & . «B tX'Yy 4 § £ L tz/ K7^f 7‘Li Lfco hrfnb l' I wentfor a drive to the lake. When you simply want to say “to drive a car” (not necessarily for pleasure), use h instead. 9 A,TA, 13 ^ £ ffiz LtzZb fr$> *) itfro U ISA, <*l -?A,-CA, Have you ever driven a car in Japan ? || 1^, like the English word “dream,” has two meanings. One is the dream you have while sleeping; the others the dream that you wish would come true. To say “I have a dream,” in Japanese, you use the verb M*-?) for sleeping dreams, and Jfo X V ' or &> h for your visions. 7 LtZo I had a scary dream last night. Xl'it/Wfrfo Sto I have a dream. vfrib & vptb & fro What is your future dream? Li -9 *oV> &A, y J iClcfc The particle ti often follows the particle 1C in sentences describing a place in terms of the things that are found there. (1) %M h^'A:< $A,&f) £-f0 (2) Yfftz < *9 f 1*0 b. n $ t n There are many department stores in Tokyo. There is a subtle difference between the two sentences. The first sentence is about the places: they answer questions (either explicitly asked, or implicitly) like “What is Tokyo like?” The second sentence, on the other hand, is an answer to a question like “Where do you find many department stores?” See the grammar note discussing the difference between fr and ti in Lesson 8. In the case of the particle K, the contrast is between the simple K and the combination K ti. (See also the grammar note on counting people in Lesson 7.) y
imK >^259 tl/u Uf^>D ©; \y) Tc A. Change the following phrases into ~7clA sentences. ( 4' ki 1-09 Example: / \ 'y / < — if— (li'.') -*• if— ’£i$L<tz\ 'T"t o tz (\h©) -» >'<— if— £ 'k^tz < 'T*f o 1 . jS! Uff < (l±'.') *1 * 9 * l' 2. tli (liv') (C {5^ r 3. ajuuff < (iiv') A.-tirA. i' 4. it-, < U ftti' (vu'x) 5. |C t£ (vu'x) riH'L* L**b.t 9 6. B^rm < (livO tc (iA, 7. #. £1! 0 (ll'. ') < 4 i 8 . B^l^jii; (in©) (C (JA, -t 9. (livd U* 97&<< 10. djlZ^tZ, (v u '£) <7)( 3T B. Pair Work—Ask if your partner wants to do the things above. When youanswer, give reasons as in the example. Example: A ! — if— B : liv\ 'fc'<tz'>' Tto fc 'k^tz < 'Tto £ fc C. Change the following phrases into —tclA sentences in the past tense. @ki 110 Example: £> t t> ^ (DIE-Sp-T^l TrA/L^ £>-£ (liv') 0 n 't.) c fc*& tb <0 &$LTHlttffz ti' o tz Tto t%L* fc t t> b <73 fl# TMIftz <+£t'r>tz T-f o 1. fUt'U5 (I±V') 2. (u^) O :*) 5 <r> 3. t’-A$t4 d n '/O 4. tt£f§l 9 (l±v. ') t 7)' 5. du'x) 75*0 C. 9 6. (livd io i> 7. t°T / £H 9 (v u 'x) 8 . dtv') < hi 9 A/"C A/ 9. (li^) $ 9 tfH' 10. I (l±vd i>
26o»»£B-xaai D. Pair Work—Ask if your partner wanted to do the things above during their childhood. E. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions and report the answers as in the example. See p. 253 for occupation vocabulary. Example: A : 1 t XX ( i ^ 'T*f B : tz -* A : It/CX L fZt ( 11 ^ is ^ l± t°-*f £ ^ o T o £ -f o) liA, £tc fc 2. Wn^iiXlP/cPTt^o *IC A' 3. Z'Z |2\ ''fc.lf/XT $ /cV'T'-f 7>'o l'' * 5. &(c vll L *9 l »j> o i o & tc 7. X. fiH/:< 4uTtK t'i *IC c ft ts *u 9. #4^, fsjlX' '] tz^TXt)\ li 9 ^V' *lc to. CA-rt'o S At &IC F. Complete the following sentences. 1. $ <t ? XL $ 2. $> l tzltfrLtzti'b. 3. 4Uxtz4'b. 075' tz &t5' boli 5. c 7 z n t $ /:btto tz^T-fc tz < ftv'T-f o /: < /X'o /cT*f
26i ©tii&urcD, mm^rco^t =tz> U tt/u Tc< A. Tell what the following people did on the weekend using ~/cD~tcD‘3';5>. QkimiExample: i/ b '/ : saw temples in Kyoto, went to a museum, etc. - IMttlKfTo/c ') L t Ltzo 1. 7c It L : went camping, went for a drive, etc. 2. j; o 3 : made sweets, played games at home, etc. 3. X — : went to Osaka to have fun, went to eat, etc. 4. It L : cleaned his room, did laundry, etc. 5. o / \ — f : met friends, watched movies, etc. 6. : went to a hot spring, rested, etc. B. Look at the pictures and make your own sentences using ~7cD~/cD‘3"?>. C. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. When you answer, use ~/c D ~/c D TS as in the example. Example: A ! B £ L i L 7c t'o II (2,4, fctl B : >) , £±ilj (MtFuji) Hffo/cU Li l/:o(I <5 A, 75' L fz o* l; SA, <7)12 1. < fa* l t-fjJ'o 4'(I 2. -r— h <7)0#, L i-tt'o 3. fc**/=<7)STIifciEJf lifa* li-fiK <lc U-)«'o tic 4. «<7)B#, =t < £ l i L 7c t'o C ft fc? tic 5. B ^TtBJ £ 1 7c t ' T-f II 15 A, &U
262 scan 6. A icfsj* L i l/c i>' 0 o^-^f &o^f fttc 7. 7?7 Tf»J £ l T lit 'It £ -t+AAo &'(c 8. ^<79 HA, Jsj£T£o t <J Ti-i\ Zk, £ LmoJo fctc 9. fSf $ -f- £ <79 7^'£f £ T'-f '/ * b V ' T"f tf'o 4' ic -r &IA U/u 3d A. The following are what John has or hasn’t done. Make the sentences using ~<Z£:i)''<S^). 0KU-12 Example: O eat tempura X go to Tokyo 1 . O eat sushi 2. O study French 3. O work at a restaurant 4. X go to Hiroshima TA, fc AAlcffo/cZ £ 7><*, Ij i -tirX, t -9 $ 2 1 6. O sleep in class 7. O climb Mt. Fuji 8. X drive a car in Japan 9. X see Japanese movies 5. X write a love letter ( 77" k 9 —) 10. x go to shrine B. Pair Work—Make questions using ~Z£ and ask your partner. Example: B A<79 to >@ £ ffc tl — A B A B 1. /Jx 7 h *-r * tc ha e? tt <0 I ±V\ £><J it„ TL/ctJ'o 2. f7 h tU'TA t 3. £ f>( X. -5 x.V' c.* tSL 4. ^AIC^O 5 . j? 9 1 friz ft < i' 6. .T <" (blowfish) 7. tatfste&i-i t>4> 9 C < C J: -9 8. 9. 1 T £ o < 10. B ***&£#* V iiA,V JL 7 I) o< 11. ajt*ij-f £ 12. M£+K-K£ J J: 9 13 . b-A 7 - h -t 7 l 7 r;'J - iC It -€> 14. •J *J> 9 if < 15. HI To >j £T£ 75' t)
fill 111 263Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. When you answer, use ~-'P~ as in the example. Example: A : £X+£ 0 ^#5E £ <£ 3 ifeX i "tXo {Z U J: d U fc B : -f IVX.iXSJ: 1. £X 2. t-TtJ'o fc'^< -r 3. <jV) ilrt' „ 4. &+£ tz It lZl±* 'J it>5'o fiv'riK U<fc**5 tz \j(D 5. £"Z<7)S<7)AtfA'£-f tf' 0 <(C OX 6. 4BHXfo£C £#<*> lj i-fjJ'o r'ZT-f^'o jS!1'C< l' 7. x. 8. #{H (actors) <7)4'T\ A4l t $ T# X0 (ii'vM 1* 9. fr L» i'7>' 1- ®s<y*©«gn/ub«>5 A. Talk about your dream for the future or what it was when you were a child. 1. 1h+£tz<nl£ MT-tX'o vbtb &A Example: ^Ali^^. £> 17 X *J tz t ' X"~f o f l T, t ' -Z, tc |I] I C t>fcL L J: -9 *bl' rt'te & < £ l' 2. X^<OB#(7)^|if5ITL tzfro Z t't 1 3 vptb &A Example: <D I - tc l J C n fc5 t5' l B. Class Activity—Find someone who . . . 1. has seen celebrities 2. has never used chopsticks 3. wants to live in Japan in the future 4. wanted to be a star (X 9 —) as a child 5. wants to cut classes tomorrow
264 »=!£ -SSIS C. Class Activity—Bring pictures of your hometown and describe it. Example: % \t-a--3-9 (T) fctS^T-fo < TUY^'T-fofotzL lu>o LA/ &£> ^ < * /L<n$'ll§ (theater) J: < s a.-i/i7i\,l£JLtz'). fC#L^'i 14 L/co * e? a. tr 4'o^-r ^x. i * ') ii-o C ulture(^3B teJEft New Year’ l j; 1 is iEJ| (New Year's) is the biggest homecoming holiday in Japan. Japanese celebrate New Year's Day on January 1, unlike most other Asians, who go by the lunar calendar. Most busi- nesses are closed on and around New Year's Day. New Year's Eve is called B, and people try to finish their seasonal chores—cleaning the fcii A'f A* house thoroughly, writing greeting cards (^Sf tt), and so on—by this date. Dinner for New fe/L If UtO Year's Eve often includes L l£ (buckwheat noodles), as the long noodles symbolize the desire for longevity. When saying good-bye to someone whom you do not expect to see again until the new year, the traditional parting phrase is <fc (Have a happy New Year!). When you meet somebody for the first time in the new year, you say & WS LT&toT £ o Zl (Happy New Year!). Many people go to (Shinto shrines) and £ # (Buddhist temb/Lbv T6 pies) for or the "first worship of the year," which is likely to be their only visit to shrines and temples for the year, since Japan is a largely secular society. Special dishes called &Sn44S are eaten for New Year's. Each dish is said to signify a particular wish—black beans (la) for < ^ £ #> diligence and health (a pun on the word S to), herring roe (SfcOD b'T ) for having many offspring, and so forth. The staple food for New Year's is ts fc (rice cake), which is toasted or served in M (New Year's soup). Children expect to receive which are gifts of money from their parents, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and even family guests. ¥JHt#
265 Useful Expressions 1 Id 15/u £ In the Japanese ClassExpressions £ £> bTU^'T'fo Both are fine. Same thing. More or less the same. A little different. Cant use it. No good. ^ & (f T < tz iS o Raise your hand. Rirr-To — t =t O o Co Ot5 ' tz*)T-to T <t£*w4 «£#IT< /c - ^ ' o - - t5 ' L± fc L^'J<7)ALMv'T < F:^'« V't J < /:^ 00 ilV $ J: 9 #5 Read it before coming to class. - Hand in the homework. - Close the textbook. - Ask the person sitting next to you. - Please stop. - That’s it for today. Vocabulary ?&«- ln> < AV l*>$ 'J JtALtf 9 l' - liofcA Lot A & - Ztzi 0>J — ni' ; $ %- Ifo- - homework deadline - exercise -meaning V' t5'A - pronunciation - grammar - question - answer - example ( ) (parenthesis) O (correct) X (wrong) t5 '/j Tv 'fcv 'tL'-fv V' ri'fc 3"s liotfA V" t 9 U »J> A <1 ALTtli— UAL li:A O >ft 0 J: -9 TAfo- IJ colloquial expression bookish expression polite expression dialect standard Japanese for example anything else number . . page number . . line number . . two people each
266 Mi £>£ii r 12W I 1 i s S 0 N 12^^ ^ Feeling III CFj;5 S 23 §5fc> Dialoque ^ © Mary and Michiko are talking at school. @K12-01/02 ST')-**.. Tt^Jh') £-&/U20 IfA, S 2 /T'J . 9 o ^ J: o £ & '-^ii ^ ' /C T'-f o V'fc 3&t,z: £"•? l tzLT-ft'0 4 y T 'J - : 56 <7^t ^ . 7 y r : 8 ^ . $ <7> 2 o tzLX^o tz^L^i-^'tzLtl IfA, If A, /- l> * ^^Ar-r^o fcV'Ui} o' ii, <o@EL^‘\'T< /=* o0 hh, O tzil 1 tJ^'v h ' X'-f Jt o At a hospital. @<12-03/04 1 yr«j2I f: V' L * 3 y t '] — 5 l L* 6 y r >j - /IS t' L *> s y r 'j - -£/v-£i' <D£>#h'/ t'fc 0 T-f o ^9 I'/c &£>, f 9 Tt^' too &<7\ i 1 -f <"x-x L<i*$ L L T"f />* o -5H, (C SA/Utb jM# l 'll 1 u 'T In, frjMJ 4 l/io $.f? <tU <7) (4* to liv v *> l )4<t: 1 r*V4 l/c 0 Ei' L* /ii' U 9
iE12BI»»267 Michiko: You don’t look well, Mary. Mary: Um ... I have a little stomachache. Michiko: What’s the matter? Mary: I went out to have dinner with my friend yesterday. I think maybe I ate too much. Michiko: Are you all right? Mary: Yes. Don’t worry about it. Oh, it hurts. Michiko: You had better go to a hospital. Mary: Doctor, I have a sore throat. I had a stomachache yesterday. Doctor: I see. You have a fever, too. It is just a cold. Mary: Well, I will have a tennis tournament soon, so I have to practice, though . . . Doctor: You had better not exercise for a couple of days. Mary: I understand. Doctor: Take medicine and go to bed early tonight. Mary: Yes. Thank you so much. Doctor: Take care.
268 £!£ -X^ii V o c a b Nouns *1 A to T ii b ^ ' * IntCh' jjwp t'<n C j : < t 'j ft *j * L ' 3. — X 4+v 'Hf -J * <75 lilift lift "tft m — H ' -1"' — A •> -y 9 t<D # f J;K Jfi* U - adjective s & £ v tf'.' * ' tz \ ' ^ to to V ' it ± V. §£ •"t? 0K12-O5 u I a r y leg; foot meaning restroom stomach cold girlfriend boyfriend temperature (weather—not used for things) cloudy weather match; game juice politics grade (on a test, etc.) cough throat tooth flower sunny weather clothes hangover present homesickness minus thing (concrete object) snow business to take care of sweet hurt; painful there are many . . . narrow; not spacious * Words that appear in the dialogue
%12S»>269o Z" ) /] < b Z> v $ ^ \ &-adjectivr e i-r* (*) U - v e r b s < #< JBWP £ tA < ill z> +£ < -f * <T>)£-hH'b < <r> < Ru-verbs kt $ j»<di 4 Irregular Verbs Jt nirz * L Cl±°v '“f -5> .cSE-f^ Adverbs a n d O t h e * &/cV' U 1C * If /C $ ' * /b.j'Xy * ~T L Jt 1 * ic* /Clc£ -=B * ~<7) T" l± UJ6T * t *7 -f <* inconvenient; to have a scheduling conflict bad nice to walk to catch a cold to be interested (in ... )( topic lc) to lose (~£) to have a fever to become thirsty to cough to break up; to separate (person £) to get nervous to worry r Expressions Get well soon, don’t look well probably; maybe as much as possible probably; . . . , right? . . . degrees (temperature) for two to three days because . . for the first time very soon; in a few moments/days
270>»£j5-:%;£ig >S G r a m m a r CT ~A,rT There are two distinct ways to make a statement in Japanese. One way is to simply report the facts as they are observed. This is the mode of speech that we have learned so far. In this les- son, we will learn a new way: the mode of explaining things. A report is an isolated description of a fact. When you are late for an appointment, you can already report in Japanese what has happened, '<7, £ H+ X,T L tz. This sentence, however, does not have the right apologetic tone, because it is not offered as an explanation for anything. If you want to mention the busses failing to run on time as an excuse for being late, you will need to use the explanation mode of speech, and say: ' ''X t)' -5 tz L T"j~ o (As it happens,) the bus didn’t come. An explanation has two components, one that is explicitly described in the sentence (the bus not coming), and another, which is implied, or explained, by it (you being late for the appointment). The sentence-final expression XT serves as the link between what the sen- tence says and what it accounts for. Compare: tb L 7c 7" X b &> 'J i o I have an exam tomorrow, (a simple observation) l /;f X b Z> L T~f o I have an exam tomorrow. (So I can’t go out tonight.) b i HC ff A /- v n T't’ o I want to go to the bathroom, (declaration of one’s wish) b d H- Jt A tz V x X T"t 0 I want to go to the bathroom. (So tell me where it is.) X Ti~ goes after the short form of a predicate. The predicate can be either in the affirmative or in the negative, either in the present tense or in the past tense. L Ti~ itself is invariant and does not usually appear in the negative or the past tense forms. 1 In writing, it is more common to find <T) T"f instead of X T~f. J; ( tk' t x X T~f o (in response to the question “Why do you look so upset?”) (As a matter offact) My grade is not good. 1 In casual exchanges, LX't appears in its short form, L tz. In casual questions, b T't' is replaced by <D. We will examine these further in Lesson 15.
an2g>»-27i o /-c/CTfo (explaining to a person who has caught you smiling) The exam is over. (That’s why I’m smiling.) When it follows a noun or a adjective, comes in between. ^-adjective: noun: report sentences explanation sentences Wp'tThjTlT fe^/uTrT *''<feti' You can use LXX in questions to invite explications and further clarifications from the person you are talking to. It is very often used together with question words, such as £ 1 L X (why) and £" *9 L tz (what has happened). Q : m LTtU'Jft tzLTlrfro Why did you break up with your boyfriend? (You’ve got to tell me.) A ’ L^H L § U \ b ^ N L T 't’o frti (i v ' Oh, him. He never takes a bath. (That’s a good enough reason, isn’t it?) Q : IT -J L tzLT±±0 What happened? (You look shattered.) A : m'ltLtzLTlTo2 ia; t My cat died. (T?zaf should explain how I look today. ) You can also use L T~f to provide an additional comment on what has just been said. A : L X blT fr Li That’s a great textbook that you are using. btzl 7)' Yow feet. 77/e professors at my university wrote it (for your information). In the written language, you see WTt instead of LXX. It has the same functions but is stylistically more formal. 2 A £ 1 L tzL XX X question is best answered by a L T'f sentence with the subject marked with the particle X rather than (i, as in this example. See Lesson 8 for a related discussion.
272 -gall gw ~-r^5 Verb stems may be followed by the helping verb IT ? which means “too much” or “to excess.” i~ $ £ conjugates as a regular ru-verb. ^ < $5 $ i~ ¥ £ L tz o I got up too early. a Hi T ^ Lo You must not eat too much. tz IT can also follow v and tc- adjective bases (the parts which do not change in conjugations); you drop the v ' and +£ at the end of the adjectives and then add 6. ( ifj ^ it0 This book is too expensive. tzfr [ix tzi)' (If 3 <7)®T(iff $ £ iT o This town is too quiet. L-r th li* You use $ £ when something is beyond normal or proper, suggesting that you do not welcome it. Thus WfifllT $ £ "t* (too kind) for example is not a straightforward compliment. Use modifiers like £ T & and "t" Z" < if you simply want to say that something is in a high degree. Cfl H35tf'lU,V£-r (1 1 'V ' Ti~ “it is better (for you) to do . . .” is a sentence-final expression which you can use to give advice. When you suggest an activity with 1 1 ^ ' T'i~, you are giving a very specific piece of advice; namely, that it is advisable to do it, and if one does not follow the advice, there is a danger or a problem. H *) u 'T"f is peculiar in that it follows different tense forms, depending on whether the advice given is in the affirmative or the negative. When the advice is in the affirmative, II l m. ' T"f generally follows the past tense short form of a verb. When the advice is in the negative, however, the verb is in the present tense short form. '(S'.' fc = t £ t ? Youd better eat more vegetables. It is better not to skip classes.
in2if 273Cl You can use <F) T to give the reason for the situation described in the balance of the sentence. Semantically, <D T is just like -h' b . Stylistically, <T> T sounds slightly more formal than b . (reason) (DZ: (situation)o (situation), because (reason). V'o t ‘J t Itzo 12 ua, r I** (2 ha, r i 1 My Japanese has improved, because I always speak Japanese. is Lh^tz<nx\ *<nn<nfc% /c Q U<*5 i' <fc & fa I did not sleep last night, because I had a lot ofhomework. The reason part of a sentence ends in a short form predicate as above. When <D T follows a ^'-adjective or a noun, tc comes in between, as it did with the explanatory predicate L Ti'. H^Tto Ob I do not like that person, because he is mean. IftlKUTto Banks are closed, because today is a Sunday. d ~«UnKlM3St+A,/~rd:SAf>lM3*1iA, We use It ti If t ' It £ -tf L and tc $ ->f’V'(-ti-ti:X^ 3 to say that it is necessary to do something, or “must.” The ft $ ^ variant is very colloquial and is mainly found in the spoken language, while the more formal +£ It tl If variant is often seen in the written language. L It A, I have to study, because there will be an exam. It HIf and +£* *> mean “if you do not do . . ” and v ^ It" i -t± roughly means “you can- not go”; ^ 1 1" 4T ( ±' v ^ ( f i X> and ^ v ^ ( f i -tt therefore literally mean “you cannot 3 There are more varieties for “must” sentences: +£ < _£_£_v N It i -if L, < T (t v N It t Tt X^, and tC V V x It 1 -tf/C- You can also substitute tr ‘J t -tfX^ for v Mt f Hf ^ in the ft It tilt and ft' $ combinations, like ft‘ It tlltft* ‘J i-ti/C, ft' $ K 3 ft' U t Tf L. In casual speech, you can also leave out v > It t Tf L and end the sentence like: Ife^ft $ ^o/Hr^ft < % * o
274 sS • go not doing ...” with the double negatives giving rise to the affirmative sense of the mandate. in tct+ (i and tc $ k* comes from the negative N . Just drop the last v N and replace it with It ill i or $ K 3 . verb short negative “must” +- l'' /«- t~ T~ a You can change v Mt i tf L to v ' It £ -if LX' L tz to say you had to , and to ^ ^ It tC ^(the short form, present tense) in casual speech and to "frit tilth. ' in the written language. It 'Jit, ^ v 'It i -t+^T' l /co (long form, past) ^>< i: a I had to get up at six this morning. ^£- EL H L $ Y 3 v ' I 1 T'f o (short form, present) (T^e frwf/z zsj I must practice every day. gil We use the sentence-final expression TL J: 9 (probably) when we are making a guess or a prediction. TL J; 9 follows verbs and v ' -adjectives in short forms, in the affirmative and in the negative. 4 (verb) bltzltm'&iTll: lo L j- i o O' (t '-adjective) fc%if[j:jfet'TL Jc ?. &< e5 t; frv' T Ui T L t 7 may also follow &' -adjective bases j after these elements; we do not use X T L It will probably rain tomorrow. It will probably not rain tomorrow. It is probably cold in Hokkaido. It is probably not cold in Hokkaido. 1 nouns. Note that T L J: 7 goes directly 9 , x L J: 7,or x ~/:T L J: 9 . 4 T l J; 9 may also follow predicates in the past tense. We will, however, concentrate on the present tense examples in this lesson.
mi2m>»275(tc -adjective) (1 ® *5 T L J: ?o Professor Yamashita probably likes fish. $ L' Y 5 v ' T L X 1 o Professor Yamashita probably doesn't f like fish. (noun) & <T> All ^ X h 7 ’) TATL J: 1 o That person is probably an Australian. vt uX - X h ~7 ] J TA C ^ tc v N T L X 1 o That person is probably not an Australian. T L J: 1 sentences can be turned into questions (~T L J; 1 fr), which can be used to invite another persons opinion or guess. u ua, r t'AsZ < r t'f* Which would you say is more difficulty Japanese or Korean? The short form of TL J: 1 is tih 1 . You can use it to cautiously phrase a prediction or an analysis. tz\ii$L\±m*vit>z>tzz> t £jsv'i-r 0 I think Takeshi would be interested in it. In casual exchanges, you can use TL J: 1 (with the question intonation, and most often pronounced as somewhat shorter T" L X ) when you want to check if your partner agrees that you have the correct understanding about what you have just said. i/ s y , 4* It? 3 >fT> t^ATo t» »J> -5 CT < -I* i John, you understand Chinese, right? Can you read this for me?
Xlhi Ureo ®df5UfcA/Zrr&' A. You are in the following situations. Explain them using ~/u7T3". @ki2-06 Example: M * ' T~t hizi \'tz — Q : if 9 l tzLX'-f 7>' 0 A : (iH&^'bt;f£^ frft XL t> (4) 1* <D 1 11 0TI/; A. U J: ^ tf (7) tfMffctA* i L/b (2) 7“M:'y h $ t b v ' 4 L 7c (5)fX M«J£ L < <L*tf'o /=T-f 0) (9) & ItzXZ Mf
ill 2IS 277B. Respond to the comments using ~A/£riT. @<12-07 (1)i (ifc I received them from my friend. (2) Italian ones (>r * »; r) ( 3 ) I made it. It was cheap. kind
278 eIS • S:Sls C. Pair Work—Your partner has said something nice about what you have. Respond using Example: B : X * i" *1 0 k Iti' A ~C~i~ it D. Pair Work—Make up dialogues asking for reasons. Example: I went to Tokyo last week. - A : $ i L Ac -tirAxL^-) i; *7 i' B : LTt^lzffr>tz^T1r4\ t ) $ J: n l A : WTS i) ijfrty&tzLTlTo lili $ 1 . I am very tired. 2. I have no money. 3. It is not convenient today. ') o CT-9 4. I want to marry my boyfriend/girlfriend. 5. I am going to Japan to study. 6. He speaks Chinese very well. 7. I don t want to watch that movie. It A. Describe the following pictures using Use “verb + for (1) through (4) and “adjective + for (5) through (10). @ki 2 -os Example: O < ^ ^
fglga>>>279 B. Look at the verbs below. Think about the results of over doing these things and make sentences as in the example. Example: '/CT-f o tz 1,'fc 1. tfct; <F> 2. j&mirz ^<A,J i n 3. '<'/ o y 4. I i 5. f-X £1" £ 6 . -0 -'. £> £ t £ 7. 9 £ 3 tz s. esr-t* r fY
280 >£§£ -;a:%SB <t0 (D A. Using the cues below, give advice to a friend who has a headache. Decide if you should use the affirmative or the negative. @ki2-09 Example: lit £ fX tJ <t'J <7) 1 . li* to 2. WlClT < i' B : A : H £&/,/= II 9 < tU <o 3. C/ i: -7 1 A/ l ' 4. L rt ** 5. 9 6. 9 A/ 4^9 B. Pair Work—Give advice to your partner in the following situations, using ~I55 tf'lAlA Example: 0 _L 1 7 ft 'J tz \ ic ija r Ci 9 -r - B : H 2MM«-t 3Mcft»; tz^LX^o t c iia r uj9 t 1C (JADA fct o< T A & fz It £#£ f£ * ft v ' (I 9 ^ ' v ' T-f J: o x.i' CT lift 1. rh — l* ;s y 9 tz 2. Y’-l+ftv' 3. Aft ft £ I tAft L ft tt, 4. £iH< ft'.' 5. t>h 6. 'ft O' O fr X 7.8. l tz 9. Mi-6 Cvpgt 9 ft C < C. Pair Work—You are a health counselor. Someone who hasn’t been feeling well is at your office. Ask the following questions. Complete this form first, then give your advice using ~li£f>ifi l'UA x <aiuth 9 At* 9 l±v ' X < #' ft 0 ft i t <r> tz (iv x * $V' tz I±v liA A liv' V H J; 4 i # N 0 $tt (D liv' ft li d liv' 1 “ f5!^ ft 0 ftA D ri'A to U Jt 9 0 fz C ftA Jt liv' V H 'X.
Zhj Z cT/u IS A. Connect the two sentences using ~©T. @ki 2 -io H 12 P »>281 Example: V ' < Tt/ L i t XL $ SA, If — vu'^Jt/j.-<7)T\ ft# l ito XL h tSL If 1 . £v'Tt/J^'it ^t 7i' 2. i><73B&,fili;0 t L-z, < fti'Tir/Utz < ftv'Tt x. i ' ?5f 3. l to/cTt/ttTv'i t .LA,Ui I'-ti’ ot' 4. */** i i tz till $ ^t 5. it tJ'OCJ; LA,-£o \ZL b 6. &76 ic H ‘j t^L/mWALt^L -tiri' C <& LA/o'/l, <£ 7. £> L/:rX M*£>'J it/M Lit ^<A/J J: 0 8. <73 £>)H'b $ i L tz/ i? * — X tz V ' Tt <n 9. # $ 1 1 i L V ' Tt £>& *L I'fc B. Make sentences using the cues below as reasons, according to the example. Example: T4f £ LA ^ i L tz t> s tf £ It < ' tz <73 T, H £ ft<& i L /:< U *> J i 9 ^t 1. ±t±L 2. Tv 'it 3. T — Li/ y 7 Tt 4. 'jit 5. l|U&<7)jfc'5M<jM'*J £-£/, jtA, r ^ * 6. ^iti L T 075' C. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words. 1 . 2. 3. 4. 5.6. 7. <nx\ *Slcff* /cV'Tto ^*>9 C < V' <nz\ k&h'ih ‘j ito Ica, $ <73 T\ i L t <73 T\ ^Jjfti L tzo fol)' <73 T, 0 tCliAT < <fuft<1C IJA, t <73 T\ «Li L 7c t T< <73 T, filToit5 A,*>i 9
282 U'S U 33 33 A. The following is your schedule for tomorrow. Make sentences according to the example. @<12-11 Example: 7:00 a.m./%.*%> -* 'It t 4fX^ 0 « l*> u a Ex. 7:00 A.M. &A £ £> 1. 8:00 a.m. 1 % £ tfc X 2. 9:00 A.M. nl:tfa* lS*¥it X 3. 1:00 p.m. L£-£A,-£i' * 4. 2:00 p.m. ^t&£#cx. ^ x.^ -I* £>L 5. 3:00 p.m. t Lirt'A, i' (iA, rf' 6. 5:00 pm. n %\zm> fr X. 7. 6:00 p.m. h7r; 'J IfA, li A, tz 8. 8:00 p.m. 9. 9:00 p.m. h 10. 10:00 p.m. <t'J <0 11. 11:00 p.m. fr •?< ‘T'A/ ;b B. Answer the following questions. 1 C r fctc 2. C J; < ft ‘J fto/CT-fo L 'It i ft* lftlt*tliVlti-d:/U' 0 it *•? S ftic 4. *> ltzttto*>T<or- b Tt„ ft£ L ft'ltftlfv 'It £ -tt/Ut' 0 lit 4' (2 ft £ l ftltftlfv 'it £ -ti/CT L fzti'o Z ft ts 4- 1C C. Using the cues in A, tell your friend what you must do tomorrow. @<12-12 Example: 7:00 a.m. /%. $ h — -tBflC^E;* ft' $ v i. 'Itft 1 '' ' 0 & Lt> C 33
gjl2B>>>283 D. Pair Work—Invite the partner to do the following things together on a specific time. Turn down the invitation and give explanation using Example: play tennis — A : *> l —jSf|--r-* £ L i tb $ I'oLi B : i"<A i -li /Co o o r? & L Ali-7 1. do homework 4. study in the library 2. eat lunch 5. go to karaoke 3. drink coffee 6. travel ®a5Lfctt£m?U*5 A. Here is tomorrow’s weather forecast Look at the map and play the cA. # «fc , . role of a meteorologist and tell the weather forecasts for each city. I3K12-13 Example: Tokyo — li& L tz =T T l J: 1 <, ^ 'T L J: 2 0 bn i in $ $ $ C "Jm ( 1 ^ ~f~ X «— ^ b T L J; 7 o $ fcA d f 1. Cairo (#4 a) 4. Rome (o — v) 2. Sydney ('> K — —) 5. Los Angles (o+f >4fVl/X) 3. Moscow (^^77)
284>>>^ig-5taite B. Pair Work—Play the role of a meteorologist. Predict the weather for your favorite city. The other person fills in the blanks. Switch roles and do the same thing. city weather temperature X\kj 1/00 A. Using Dialogue I as a model, make skits in the following situations. —Your friend looks sad. —Your friend looks happy. B. Pair Work—A and B are deciding when they can play tennis together. Play the role of A and B. Discuss your schedules and find the day on which both of you are available. Refer to the next page for B’s schedule. Example: A : Bic— li-lf/U'o ifoio Xf hoi B : J: o '/CT-f <, ^ L d Xf o c.**? (C*>«fco Xf tmi&jLti**io ’’ tl A’s schedule Sunday go shopping Monday Tuesday read books Wednesday Thursday Friday meet friends Saturday
ill 2 !!>•>• >285 C. Role Play—Visiting a Doctor’s Office Using Dialogue n as a model, act the role of a doctor or a patient. Doctor—Fill out the medical report below and give advice to the patient. Patient—Describe the symptoms you have and answer the doctor’s questions. Name: Age: Symptoms: Sore throat Cough Headache Fever Stomachache Allergy (T I'll*?—) Any other pain Others Pair Work (w) B. (- p. 284) Example: A : Bf 0 12—If 12 7^- X £ L i-if/U'o Fjl'Lrf’T If'Dk') If I'oli B : *^I<o^bS 0 li A Jc o * *> Fji.'tH)') lfoi-9 zf o C.*-9 t>2> x-V' 0 &L v'lt^v^T-To 0(Hlii:"TTt^o IctiT Xf B’s schedule Sunday Monday teach English Tuesday Wednesday clean rooms, do laundry, etc. Thursday Friday Saturday practice karate (j£-^-)
286>ȣfg-g;gjg I The Japanese Climate iz IZA, 5 Z? The seasons in Japan can be very different depending on where you go. Naha Tokyo Sapporo Cherry trees blossom Mid-January Late March Early May Rainy season starts Early May Mid-June No rainy season First snowfall No snow January October January temperatures High: 19.1 Low: 1 4.3 High: 9.8 Low: 2.1 High: -0.9 Low: -7.7 August temperatures High: 30.9 Low: 26.1 High: 30.8 Low: 24.2 High: 26.1 Low: 1 8.5 Annual precipitation 2036.7 mm 1466.8 mm 1 127.6 mm Winter is sunny and dry on the Pacific coast, but cloudy and snowy on the Sea of Japan coast. Spring is rather short because daily temperatures rise quickly and the season is cut short by the arrival of the rainy season (fSS), which lasts for about a month and a half. Summer in most parts of Japan is hot and very humid, and almost tropical in some places. Typhoons ( aM) make occasional landfalls in summer and early fall. Temperature, including body temperature, is measured in Celsius. Here is a conversion scale for those of you who are more used to the Fahrenheit system.
HI 2 fil > 287 Useful Expressions tttu C5 * Health and Illness At the Reception of the Clinic Patient: -f A £-£/,„ ir ^0 I iU Excuse me. This is myfirst visit. Receptionist: (±v\ ^P&iiE £IL-t!:T < /:'^' 0 (5 lt/v L J: 0 & O/coy. Please show me your health insurance certificate. & i x. U 0 t L J: i)s Please fill in your name and address on this paper. * * Patient: Z T"-f ti'o 4'A, <t<J VVTzaf /cmd of medicine are these ? Receptionist: ^S^jh-sAT'-f » "fe: ^I ^ “C < tz $ v '<> I'fc t Li< r n These are painkillers. Please take one after meals. Patient: foti' ‘j t Ltz 0 I see. Receptionist: Please take care. Expressions for Illness (0.50 and Injuries (ttWO T0\ T-r o If u iSTto ij T-r o i)' O'A/ L J: T (~U) T ‘1 ito ‘J i -To — L'L If < L k> £ -fo X £ -To l±£*-f X I have diarrhea. I am constipated. I have my period. I have hay fever. I have an allergy to . . . I have a bad tooth. I sneeze. I have a runny nose.
288 ^gS • %&#*> <j i-Tolio LA, <*“> i v '7j< L £ -f 0 — *±* n/;„- ti Wi^Tto — $ o'A, ;fc>-2> VltL"£ LH/;o- £<7)’t£#'J i L/co &L life fc' ltd** LiL/:o My back itches. I have rashes. I feel dizzy. I threw up. I am not feeling well. I burned myself. I broke my leg. I hurt myself. Vocabulary • IS# (Doctor’s office) u & O o* fr 9m- t r Aft sa, o' la, & •£ I'ltl' If 75' hm* ri<A, 75' L t5' physician dermatologist surgeon obstetrician and gynecologist orthopedic surgeon ophthalmologist dentist otorhinolaryngologist; ENT doctor • (Miscellaneous) ifL jfe #M antibiotic C. n-itwZ'D Lo U > h Y 1/ X-ray operation L l>o injection thermometer
ft /Vu Reading and Writing Section O' £>£)'& Hiragana 290 35 2^ Katakana 294 *3** ^UMCBCDIil^O Daily Life 298 ^4^ *7'J —£/u©UkJO^’ID Mary’s Weekend 302 ^5 DckCo Travel 306 ^6^ y My Favorite Restaurant 312 blab m7 s& jXT'U —tlhu(D71ftdj' Mary’s Letter 318 & 8 0 Japanese Office Workers 323 IC 1 5A, fi'U U^-U/u ^9^ 'X—cI hjCOSii Sue’s Diary 328 ICo 5 m\0m fr'c5fL/'? i '3 The Folktale Kasajizo 334 ^/ct5||l|| Looking for Friends 340 15 U5 ml2ii t $ Tanabata Festival ttu Mm 346
290»»Bii***ia \S ]_ B L E S S 0 N 1 Hiragana ©Hiragana Practice A. Choose the correct hiragana. t./o i ct 4. sw iS 7. to /c 1C 2. ho li ( J 5. ki * ^ 8. ro 3 £ 3. me 6. chi 9. e * ^Match the words. Person’s name Place name 1. tztL*#' • Sakuma 6. <tU* • Morioka 2. U * • Tanaka 7. * • Yokohama 3 . * < £ • • Morikawa 8. t ‘j fctf' • • Mito 4. /ctHI L • • Takahashi 9. X z lit • • Okayama 5. & *J • • Yamamoto 10. & £ • Kumamoto C. What’s wrong with the hiragana below? Rewrite the correct hiragana. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. (i ij $ J $)
§§1 IS 291D. Write as many hiragana as possible which contain the following parts, l. 2. 3. 7 JL 4. 5. I E. Pay attention to the pronunciation and add diacritical marks " and ° to appropriate hiragana. @yom 1 . V, ' % Z. ichigo (strawberry) 4. ^ ' Z ^ LX> gaikokujin (foreigner) 2. fzLZ dango (dumpling) 5. 7c X-/ ( 5 ( 5 tanpopo (dandelion) 3. ^ £ Aj zabuton (cushon) 6. 7 ganpeki (cliff) F. Pay attention to the pronunciation of each word, and mark with O for the correct one. @yoi -2 1. shashin (photograph) ( l^l/C • L * IL ) 2. dokusho (reading) ( £" < l J: • < L J: ) 3. kyori (distance) ( $ J: «j • * J; i) ) 4. hiyasu (to chill) ( ) 5. chairo (brown) ( ) 6. onna no hito (woman) 7. kitte (stamp) ( n • ) ( & o £ • & o £ ) 8. motto (more)
292 G. Read the following pairs paying attention to the long vowels. @yoi-3 1- In l£ 3 L — In L (aunt) (grandmother) iJili'JyL-fcUU (grandfather) (uncle) 3 . L C /C — M i ML (husband) (prisoner) 4. — &-&K* (parent) (landlord) 5. -tfv ' $ — -tf$ (century) (seat) H. Put the hiragana in the right order to make sense. Example: f~ Y & % — Y t> f 2 1. frLT 2 . 3. LlllZ 4. Ltct 5. yC-tf-tfv 6. ' < ©Reading Practice Read the following people’s self-introduction and answer the questions. Refer to vacabulary list on p. 41 . @yoi -4 tz +£-/)' kb n Z T*fo li b /c ‘J J: 0 tto /£v < 4+v 'T"f o 4± /C 3 ? li ti * l T-f « /"i’v 'Tto 4±/C 3 ? |± oJ
mim>»293frtz l<n tutu l± *tz<n utATir z n z ) <n is /Cta/C-ttv 'T-f 0 AoJr K>tti tZ Z T'-fo tz'.'tiH -tirv'T-f o #LZ i li izlZ/CZ'T-f 5. 1. Who is an office worker? 2. Whose major is Japanese? 3. Who is a high school student? 4. What is Harada’s major? m Writing Practice You received a letter from a Japanese friend. Read it and write a letter introducing yourself. lc(3X U/CT'I'o \ v N T"-f o J+A Z 9 li x.'. x Z'Tto J: ^ L <
294^>gS3!rtK?Si rr *2’* t£l\ ic L E S S 0 N 2 Katakana ©Katakana Practice A. Choose the correct katakana. 1 . 0 * r 4. shi 7 7. rw u 2. nu / 5. ku 7 7 8. fzo *3. 5(3 ~7 ~ 7- 6. ma 7 A 9. yu X CL B. Match the following words and pictures. 1 . ( ) 7. ( ) 2 . ( ) 77^ Ktff- h 8 . ( ) Xf-tr 3. ( ) 9. ( ) 7^7'y f 4 4. ( ) -*-7/ 10. ( ) b°4f' 5. ( ) -f 3 17 lx — h ^°7 x 11 . ( ) h-X h 6. ( ) 3—t — 12 . ( ) Ix^r 4 —
295 C. Match each country with its capital city. Countries Capital cities 7 ls-i/T • /t X 7 t 7 >/' • 7y>h>DC • — XL X’j - x y'7°b • TAXf/I/X"A t-x F^'jT • • X T7 ;l/ >"7 °— ;!/ • 7"x /XTj U X X > K • + X ^7 7-fx" • X h 7 X ^ Jl A D. Word Search—Find the following country names in the box of katakana. Example: ^ h fr A (Vietnam) > > if ^— )]/ (Singapore) -f* x O (Czech) T / U ij (America) X x — ~f V (Sweden) x 9 T H /h (Ecuador) / ^ O (Mexico) 7 7 V >1 (Brazil) > (Spain) (Holland) 'f > K ^ X T (Indonesia) tj i~ 9 (Canada) /I/ *7 > X (Rwanda) 7 d" (Thailand) i[ — X h 7 'J T (Australia) 'f y K y T X 7b 7 y X" 7 ') x" X D X 7 &7* — X b 7 J T Xs 7 X 7 X 7 t y T X * y 7 X> X X X 71/ t 'J X' X" -~s. X" * 1 X 71/ i] X- X" 7 b 7 -f y e X o y X i7 y y if — 7b / \ y X" AX 'f o" •j 7 X X T b" 71/ X
296>»m.dim=&:*m E. Put the katakana in the right order to make sense. Example: *T — — X — 1 - by— 3. — =l/ — 2. 4. yv — X ©Name Tags Write your name 1 in the box below and make your own name tag. Example: / T 'J — • b T'J / \ 1 Your name in Japanese Japanese have only one given name and one surname, which is placed first, as in: tz+Xti' tz It L [last—first] Foreign names are normally written in katakana and in its native order. A dot “ • ” or a space is often used between first name and last name. Mary Hart — / T 'J — • ' ' — h or /T ’J - b [first—last] East Asian names such as Korean or Chinese, can be written in kanji. Yao Ming -+ S **7 / 'i or [last—first]
H2H >>>-297 m Reading Practice Mary wrote about the things below. Find out which item she wrote about. @yo2 1. ( ) 3*111 bfzl<n 13:9 l IT + f >— $ L<n of 9 Ltto -3. — 3-'7 J\’y*-7.<n of-? LT-fo 2. ( ) ZHIi btzL<n ITT/Ol *Tto t-X|'7 l JT<7) UT/C l /jH'Tto 3. ( ) z*tli ^ //<?) CUtto rV) i; i jt i: (e) m (2) (h) ¥50,000 ¥8,000 ©Writing Practice Write about the things you or your classmates own. Use Mary’s sentences in 1 as a model.
001 fig 3 ts L E S S 0 N 3^| :~5(D\tlWD Dai|v Life V'£, • (V'^>) one -—8^(1/^ O one o’clock >IAE *— (V* t>;faA/-d:i/'0 first-year student ’ *$*A/) one minute -—O ( O <h o) one (one) (D002 003 1C (two) CH(^) two CILB^f ((C £) two o’clock —^jil ( hZ fa /v it V ' ) second-year student — 0 fa\ (^0/^/$^) two days —O (A^Aro) two ( 2 ) - - 004 I>Ao (three) jn ( § A/) three jEiBlf ( $ A/ 1C) three o’clock (£ A/faA/'drV') third-year student jr. ^ (c^A^o) March JELo(c&oo) three (3) 005 EH L D>J^ Jt Jt O (four) EB( i /v) four E9Bf( =fc t) four o’clock fa/v-tf (/') fourth-year student E9 ( L^'o) April EHO(ioO) four (5) n r? r? eh 006 z" >v (five) J5. ( CT) five jZLB^f ( CT D) five o’clock j£ J=] ( CT^'o) May J5. ( CT £ V') five years old £o (I'oo) five (4) T * 2l 007 7 N 6< 6^ D> ij o (six) t(^>Osix >^C B^( <5 < IC) six o’clock ?*\]§" (^> o £>° ^ < ) six hundred ^^(^ ^^A/) six minutes to(troo)six (4) 008 -t l^> (seven) t( L^)/^^) seven tt^f ( L 1C) seven o’clock (LA>$^) July to (&&o) seven seven people ( 2 ) t 7V ^ li %> (i o 0^0 (eight) eight /VB^(li'h) t) eight o’clock /Vg" (iio < ) eight hundred eight years old /Vo ( ^ o o) eight (2) / /V
299 it. ^ rD •? < >z z<n (nine) 9L( # ^ 9 ) nine ^LB^f ( < O nine o’clock (X September 9 £ V') nine years old (£ COO) nine (2) ; U^-7 -f“ ( £ 10 "5 ) ten -}“B^f ( £ #> 9 £) ten o’clock _4- U Kj) O U O ( £ $> 9 /6^) October [> ^ io £ #> o $ V v Do £ V') ten years old H“(t &) ten (ten) (2)- + tA*< hundred iEL]§^$ A^P^ < ) three hundred ux < ) six hundred / Vj§* ( ht o £>° *> < ) eight hundred H Tf*< (hundred) (6)' r TT w w -tiX -tfX (-dr/v) thousand jEL^ ( § A/d?A/) three thousand ^ -"tir A/) eight thousand P5 (-t±*A^x_A^) one thousand yen 1 (thousand) ( 3 ) " - -f iX, —^7 (V'^> J A/) ten thousand -jr 4“^ ( £ 9 i A/) one hundred thousand Jl 1§~77 < £ A/) one million lr (ten thousand) go 1 >HL ”@*P1 < X-A>) one hundred yen m \>£% P3(x.A/) circle iSj (£ A/Aftf') strong yen rn F3 V ' ( £ %> l') round (yen; circle) (4) i n n n % u -—B^(V^C) one o’clock ni ^I^^B^(<l£?&<7)i§) in one’s childhood ( t §* £" §) sometimes B^f§f(£ It'/ ') watch >1 (time) (io) i n r h r s+ a* ii ^ ^ ( indicates the on-yomi [pronunciation originally borrowed from Chinese] and [> indicates the kun-yomi [native Japanese reading].)
3oo>»gEfrg£a (Kanji Practice) fcVu U x 3 ' X\.hj Ufi> ~D A. Read the price of the following items in kanji and write it in numbers. Example: -f- 3 U U — f- 1 . '\'s jj i- (¥150 ) 2 . ( ¥ 3.HW 4. f U t* 5. ux. B. Write the following prices in kanji. Example: ¥5,420 — -j~Fj 1. ¥30 6. ¥42,500 2. ¥140 7. ¥168,000 3. ¥251 8 . ¥3,200,000 4. ¥6,070 9. ¥57,000,000 5. ¥8,190