gl3!l>-^101 D. Suggest to a classmate that you do something together over the weekend.Use Dialogue I as a model. Example: A B A B A B B^/Cli-r — L tlTt\ liv 'o tc-t, «t ^ tf BBgaiiA Jt o £ o xf * i t-M'o Binr-7 r-r^'o t J;i tf C ulture(J^J0 Japanese Houses t: \IK Traditionally, Japanese buildings were made of wood. Rooms were floored with tatami (rice-straw mats) and divided by fusuma or shooji (two types of sliding doors). Modern Japanese houses have mainly Western-style rooms, and are equipped with Western-style toilets. However, most bathrooms retain traditional characteristics—they are separated from toilets and sinks, and have some space for washing one's body outside the bathtub. Usually, all family members share the same bathtub water, so it is necessary to clean one's body before getting into the bathtub. Another traditional feature of Japanese homes is the genkan, a space inside the entrance where people remove their shoes. Japanese-style toilet Bathroom Genkan
102 >£!%• state f *4® | l E S S 0 N 4^| fflferoj-h The First Date zs IS Dialoque © Mary goes downtown. @K04-01/02 1 XT'J— : 77 2 £p h Av 'A : h^c 3 icx^ -'0 — f- *J £ i"&o L X>t 3 v? K A >1 h ^fiTT'f £ c f i 4 / T 'j — : & 9 3'^'i-fo In the evening, at Mary’s host family’s house. [jj l K04- 03/04 i / T — fztz^t o 2 £ 5C*/C : ti 3 / r >J - : 4 ^5 X-^ : 5 / T 'J - : 6 : H 7/T'J-: 89 io /C : ii £ tf'*. 'J $ v '» l± £" o T L tz x.'-'' 16'* jLi-tt/CTl/co tz\mLl±&i*kLT'ltz 0 xo, £"•? L T TitJ ' 0 *9tMJ ^ -t±/Co -At^l!l^#l:ft$iU:o OhU 15 A ^ X b V' a^/c < s /A** i/-:jJ\, l±V'o < S A*‘J £ L/bo L * LA £
§§4|f 103 Next day at school. 0KO4-05/06 1 / T 'J - : 2 tz It L : 3 /T')- : 4 t:\il : £>o, /cltlS/Co $ ft? i l/cJ© /r— otWtt— L /=<, i' £x. i'*> U rt'A, t t*'*— if— t =to 77 K i~ K Ti* J: <, K r'46/C^v' ! © Mary: Excuse me. Where is McDonalds? Stranger: There is a department store over there. McDonalds is in front of the department store. Mary: Thank you. Mary: I’m home. Host father: Welcome home. How was the movie? Mary: I didn’t see it. Takeshi didn’t come. Father: Oh, why? Mary: I don’t know. So, I went to a bookstore and a temple alone. Host father: Were there a lot of people? Mary: Yes. I took many pictures at the temple. I also went to a department store. Here’s a souvenir for you. Host father: Thank you. Mary: Oh, Takeshi. You didn’t come yesterday, did you? Takeshi: I went there. I waited for one hour in front of the Mos Burger place. Mary: Not Mos Burger. McDonald’s! Takeshi: McDonald’s . . . I’m sorry!
i04>>>£fg-:%%&g TcKj §E PPc2 V o cab u 1 a r Nouns Activities Til' <4 h part-time job ' t (T) shopping 77X class People and Things h+xtz you \ '-f chair V. * dog * fc±;£ souvenir Z child 3"(±/0 Z'fe rice; meal * l L A picture; photograph •t> < i_ desk TA'A letter nz m cat '<y bread * U)Z A person /-n e-mail Places * jo ~C b temple z i -z_L All park T—'<— supermarket * T' V department store t'XH' bus stop if 1 n v 'A #11% hospital TT/l hotel * li/C K> bookstore £ % ®T town; city VTs l -7 > restaurant * Words that appear in the dialogue
ff§4ti 105 Time * $ <D 1 Hf H yesterday * ~ U f'L ~B#f4 . . . hours cf. U A/C one hour -tf/C L n> f last week £ £ a# when . . . ; at the time of . . . ( ~<T>) If o J; f {/' Monday A J; i If Asia Tuesday f'.'X n If rjcBS a Wednesday t<Xi If y^Bfa Thursday * LI ilf £sf a Friday U - v e r b s £> 9 to meet; to see (a person) (person I-) * #> 'S there is . . . (place IZ thing ^ )%n to buy (~£) 7$'< #< to write (person IZ thing £) * £ -5) to take (a picture) (~ £ )* io #o to wait * >h^ N ^> to understand R u - v e r b * v ' <5> (a person) is in ... stays at . . (place IZ person tf*) Adverbs and O t h e r Expressions ~ < " b ' about (approximate measurement) I’m sorry. * AA h so; therefore * tz<*L many; a lot ~ ¥ together with (a person) * Li IT why * U £ 'J T —AT" alone
106 • ^/£!i o c a t i o n Words A*" £ CA/= U * i x. fr ?U t 1 X. ± l£ T %-h'< *4 < £ +£ U K & H right (~<7)) left (~<7)) front (~<7)) back (~<7)) inside (~<7)) on (~<7)) under near; nearby (~<D) next (~<7)) between (A £ B CD) $ X.
fg4H>>>107 >£ G r a m m a r ;3\h IS 5 X 'J £ -f means “there is/are X (nonliving thing).” The particle introduces, or presents, the item X. You can use £> ') £ IT when you want to say that there is something at a certain location. & C u ~7 9 K i~ >1 K^'£> U £ i~ 0 There’s a McDonald’s over there. Note that £> •) £ i" is different from other verbs we have seen so far on the following three counts. One, it calls for the particle 1C, rather than T, for the place description. Two, the place description usually comes at the beginning of the sentence. Three, the thing description is usually followed by the particle rather than II. 1 2 You can also use £> *j £ "f to say that you have or own something. -r U ‘J £ -tt/Co I don’t have a TV. b#Fr] jJ* £> *J £ i* t)' 0 Do you have time? e ii'A. We also use jb l J i ir when we want to say that an event will take place. H UfX b 7^' & l J Hro There will be an exam on Tuesday. a>' to Xf £> L tz (± 0 9 -7 X l ) i X^o There will be no Japanese class tomorrow. [z ija, r 1 Another count on which jo £ differs from other verbs is its colloquial substandard negative form. We have tc \ ' Ti~, instead of the expected regular formation jo b tc ^ ' Ti~, which is ungrammatical. 2 Note the difference between: X U l£^ jo U i -tt /C (I don’t have a TV), the negative version of x U t: jo ( J J and x U If U ^ jo U ±-HX (It isn’t a TV), the more conservative negative version of x 3 When jo ‘j J ^ is used in the sense of an event taking place, the place description is followed by the particle T, like normal verbs and unlike the other uses of jo U O'. jo L tz ^ U "i* jo U i ‘t* o 77zere wi// be a festival in Kyoto tomorrow. Note also that some time expressions (such as H Hfl 0 [Z) come with the particle |C, and some others (such as jo L 7c) do not (see Lesson 3). The rule applies to the jo l ] i sentences as well.
1 08 • "SC/iM When you want to present a person or some other sentient being, rather than a thing, you need to use the verb ^ £ ir. 4 Thus, ^ Theres an international student over there. You can also use v ' i *t“ to say that you have friends, siblings, and so forth. 0 J ~j~ 0 j have a Japanese friend. \Z iiA. U A. ti r J (place L) thing tP person tf There is!are . . ^Ifa Describing Where Things Are We learned in Lesson 2 that to ask for the location of item X, you can use the word £ Z (where) and say X li Z T"t ti'. 7 H ~f~ ft/ H li X. Z T~f ti' 0 Where’s McDonald’s? In response, one can, of course, point and say: ^Z Tt„ McDonalds is z z over there. right there near you. right here. In this lesson, we will learn to describe locations in more detail. More specifically, we learn to describe the location of an item relative to another item, as in “X is in front of Y.” The Japanese version looks like X li Y <Dw\Ti~. (v? K i~ tl Kli) hflUTV-fo i x. Its in front of that department store. 4 Note that the same verb “is” in English comes out differently in Japanese: & ^ 3 I - b? ' i ir o There is an international student over there. yr'j-'5X,iig£±v-r. Mary is an international student. < it l' ' ^ ' i and #> *J i are strictly for descriptions of existence and location, while T't is for description of an attribute of a person or a thing.
Ig4fg>>>109 Other useful words describing locations are as follows: location words to the right of O-fcD to the left of in front of behind x is inside on/above urc under/beneath s^< 5 near tuo 6 next to X (£ Y £ Z ©SIVcT:^0 X is between Y and Z. 0mi ± mft© ^ fr »j tto $A, Z 7 t LifrAs The bank is next to the library. t'H±T- 7')l<nTTi- 0 etc The umbrella is under the table. UX li-r'*- b The restaurant is between the department store and the hospital. One can use any of the above location words together with a verb to describe an event that occur in the place. To use these phrases with verbs such as and fl'X one will need the particle T. 'J — is L tzo btzl ii i I waitedfor Mary in front of the Mos Burger place. 5 Another word for “near” that is also commonly used is ^ If. 6 Both X (i Y <F> £ *J Ti~ and X (i Y <D f Z Ti~ describe situations where two items (X and Y) are found side by side. For a £ U sentence to be considered appropriate, items X and Y need to belong to the same category; two people, two buildings, and so forth. In contrast, an item can be X Z in relation to another item even if they are quite distinct. O :tfo x THiXlio < x. (ft gfr U Tto The bag is by the desk. (odd)
110 zspS • 3£/£$S Past Tense of H'T The past tense versions of “X li Y T't” sentences look like the following. affirmative negative present tense ~T:1f past tense -cure — LtP&fr'o/cTr'r7 < b^^TL/co Mr. Yamashita was a student at Sakura University. ic ti^ x.v' ft That was not a Japanese movie. 4E9 Past Tense of Verbs The past tense forms of verbs look like the following, where ~ stands for the stem of a verb. affirmative negative present tense ~3rT ~£tfA, past tense ~^urc -3: 1±A/e L/c8 ^ T ] ) 3 7 io 1-!)^ ( J J L tzo Mary returned home at about nine. < C tJ'x. ( ± $ <D 1 0 £ M51 L i Tt L T" L /c o I did not study Japanese yesterday. btz l ic li/L r 7 r 7 7 The various details of formation of the long forms that we learned in Lesson 3, like the ru- verb/w-verb/irregular verb distinctions, all apply to the past tense forms as well. 7 As was the case with the present tense L K 3 tr v ' you also find a more conservative variant L K 3 $> l ) £ Tf L T L tz along with L tk't)' o tz T 'f. Written language would more likely have TTi #> U i -tf L T L tz, with the uncontracted form TT 1 8 The colloquial substandard form of the past tense negative verbs are tr o tz T 't', as in 'jf’ b+xt'^ tz T"T~. We will learn how to change verbs into these forms in Lesson 8.
SS4I1 111 CM B We learned in Lesson 2 that we use the particle & in reference to the second item which shares a common attribute with the first. You can also use when two or more people perform the same activity. ^ I - fT i L tzo I went to Kyoto yesterday. btzl ill t i' lL T & b <P> 7 i L 7c o Professor Yamashita went to Kyoto bt.it l' yesterday, too. Or when someone buys, sees, or eats two or more things. /T'J — L 7c 0 Mary bought shoes. / T 'J — /C ( i ' ( i Ltjffi '- i L 7c 0 Mary bought a bag, too. In both cases, & directly marks an item on the list of things or people that have something in common. Observe that t replaces the particles li, or £ in these sentences. You can also use & when you go to two places, do something on two different occasions, and so forth. I went to Kyoto last week. btz l -tAslvi b 1 1 t l' fs. M. I - t ff b i L tz o I went to Osaka, too. l' h -J /CliiBSB I L tz a Z zf w Robert went to a party on Saturday, umuizt'*-?-4 -left* i L/co (c£,J:9 0 s v He went to a party on Sunday; too. We put & o/ter the particle 1C in these sentences. More generally, particles other than (±, ’/j < , and £ are used together with t , rather than being replaced by it.
112 ae-gai The duration of an activity is expressed with a bare noun, like — Such a noun stands <.'*> U rf'A, alone (that is, not followed by any particle). JT')-*L\±*cZTtz\j L l/z 0 i't> i: a* a, i Mary waitedfor Takeshi therefor an hour. For an approximate measurement, you can add after c tf'A, li £ <D n a <%< ili L/co frfcL tw (5 A/ C* $A, C t5'/v ^<A,$J:9 I studied Japanesefor about three hours yesterday. To say one hour and a half, you can add -=£ immediately after ~b#M. t±/v U 'f) s As Itzo Lh D to (I) sleptfor seven and a half hours last night. CT Expressions of quantity in Japanese are rather different from those in English. In Japanese, if you want to add a quantity word like tz ( *5 to the direct object of a sentence, you can either place it before the noun, or after the particle £ btzl bint ifMZtz < is A, L* LA/ < 5 yCM* L* LA, *9 i L/co 3 C o £ < L /: 0 I took many pictures in Kyoto. I ate a lot ofvegetables. 9 As we learned in Lesson 3, for “at about a certain time” we have another word Z' h . 10 You can use £ to connect nouns only. We will learn about connecting verbs and sentences in Lesson 6. 1 “With” as in “with chopsticks” requires another particle. See Lesson 10.
gg4IS 1 13 0 t. The particle £ has two functions. One is to connect two nouns A and B. 10 B £ Ufo £ L £ i' o I speak Japanese and English. tc ua, r c i ±£ I went to Kyoto and Osaka. The other meaning of £ is “together with”; it describes with whom you do something. 1 1 ^ T U - £ i-fo rt'A,C< ^ Mary will go to Korea with Sue. :I^y-h 0*5 tfhj Expression Notes 5 X ©0U X ©HU is often used in the sense of “across (the street) from X” or “opposite X.” You may also hear another word that is used in the sense of across, namely, X © V \ If something is behind X, or farther away from a street and cannot be directly seen because of the intervening X, in addition to calling it X ©f^^>, you can also ^ n L describe it as being X © 9 b . Z-’d/Zd'D In the dialogues, we observe Mary’s host father saying x.o, and Mary saying o . X. o is like the incredulous “what?” that you use when you have heard something that is hard to believe. o is used when you have suddenly noticed or remembered something. The small o at the end of these little words indicates that these words, when pronounced, are very short.
1 14 >£1-33551 C ulturejj^0 B*<DMH Japanese National Holidays C L w < Co 1E1 0 *5ooi'fc5 7U0 fr'AUo New Year's Day *50£l' lfO«fc? If J&A.CD0 •e-c'UA t> Coming-of-Age Day (Celebrates people who turn 20 years old in that year) 2M 1 1 0 *50 51HlH3^<7) 0 ttAZ< £ fe/t 15 National Foundation Day 3^200 Zl?> 2 *5o ##<D0 LwA-S'A 15 Vernal Equinox Day 4J3290 *50 [Z*> H3fP<D0 U J: 0 ft O' Showa Day (Birthday of Emperor Showa [1901-1 989]) 5E30 *50*0*)' ®)£I3;i:0 ttA-t3T0 t foA Xf Constitution Day 5E40 *5o«fc -d *>» * if U CD 0 15 Greenery Day 5E50 A'Vl '-5A1 Cif t><D0 15 Children's Day 7Efg3EW0 3 *50/£lD IfOcfc? 15 ?S<D0 9* O' Marine Day 9Hfg353«0 3 *5o/£i' lfo«fc-p 15 ®€<D0 tn'3? O' Respect-for-the-Aged Day 93230 C'3 2 *50 IZ*> «#<D0 l*0XA O' Autumnal Equinox Day 103*23*0' *50 tfO<fc9 15 1*W<D0 15 Health and Sports Day 1 1 330 *50* o *?' 31t<D0 *>' O' Culture Day 113230 *5o iz-fe ®)^SBicD0 ZAZofrAL*? O' Labor Thanksgiving Day 123230 *50 3S§I£0 T/i.<D-5fc/uU.fc? O' Emperor's Birthday 1 : The second Monday 2: The day varies year to year 3: The third Monday The period around April 29 to May 5 encompasses several holidays and is called 0 Y — 0 (Golden Week). Some businesses close for a whole week or more during that period. (For the names of months and days, see p. 1 27.)
m4m>» 115 A. Look at the picture and tell what you see, using or B. Answer the following questions. 1. &+£tz<n®S\z B^<D \yX •) t-ti' ic ha, V'X. faz 3. ') tirti'o if'i Z p 4' I5. L *) £ i" tJ'o 41C 6. 3 <F>^CM. (classroom) |C /cAItJ^'v. ' ^ -f 7j' 0 5 J:^ to 7. ffr#® (zoo) (C^A £ -f 7$' 0 t'90'Ox.A 4(c 8. £> 4 /c <7) m (country) UfST^'#) <J £ i" 7>' 0 <l: 4- 1C 9. £>4Ac<7)^I2W£> ‘J £1" 0 V'x. 4(3
1 16 naS ‘ S/£ll C. Look at Takeshi’s schedule for the week and answer the following questions. 0KO4-O8 School After School Monday French English Computer Tuesday History Club activity Wednesday French English Computer Thursday History Club activity Friday English (TEST) Party Saturday NO SCHOOL Date Sunday NO SCHOOL Part-time job club activity — 9 /b party ' ' — i — test f X h Example: Q : ft *1 H \Z 7 -7 > X|£<7) 9 7 X A : liv \ £> i) $i- 0 1. 'J it^'o lfo«t ^ xA' C 2. |:Z7> t° ‘j t-tt'o eta 3. ^bSS ic?^ > 7s%<r>9 ^7,-h<h ‘j ilrti'o i<ti t? r 4. iBSS ‘J i-fTj'o ¥ Id If 5. 7j4BfB Icj5f^'£> 'j £-f t)' 0 tr 4u 6. Mb lcW& ij £-f t$' 0 $ A, J; -9 If 41- 7. Bflf 0 lcW& 'J ii"7j' 0 u*,i9 4U D. Pair Work—Write down your next week’s schedule and ask each other what plans you have on each day of the week. Example: A iZ-ffij)* &> { ) £. f)'<, &tc B : B^<r>9 'j i -fo ic ua, r
IB48>»»117 Youre Schedule Your Partners Schedule 1 foi9 ^C 0® H 4'ii If ?MtB i<i7 Xf MH J A-ii V ±.m h f ii o 1 (-*> i a U<fc fi'/u A. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. @k(m-09 Example: HUrfl t LtH t L ifrA, £ivd«< U ' <-<r> z t' •) T-fo i: L i ri'A/ 1. J) T J; < 2. So j XL 3.4. -1 ? x.A/ 5. X— 6. B. Look at the picture and tell where the following things are. 0ko4-io Example: ^liA, 1. HLXf^ 2. 7^*7 b 3. Bftt ttV' 4. t;f£ fA fr 5. tf'llX < x.oojiTi"c liA, -?X. 6. \in L 7^7 1 (racket)
C. Pair Work—Ask and answer questions to find where the buildings are. One student looks at map A. The other student looks at map B (p. 126). Don’t look at the other’s map. Example: A : 2MS l± 3 T'i~ >1 -9 B : 'j T-f o ^ -i z A. Look at the information about Professor Yamashita 25 years ago and answer the questions. @ko4 -ii Example: Twenty-five years ago, Prof. Yamashita was • twenty-two years old • senior at a college • good student • his major—Japanese history Q : (college student) TL/;^ A : liv\ A : + £ V-f < 1. ubT^cil±-f"f^T L tzti'o 2. ubT^ili—^^iTL/;i'o 4. 0jT7fei<3)#?3U±^IITL/c7j'o 5. l /ctf'o
119 B. Pair Work—Guessing game Ask questions and find out the prices your partner has chosen. 1. Before you start, both of you will choose one price in each row of the table and mark it. 2. In each row, use the item and one of the four prices, make a yes-or-no-question sentence and find out which price your partner has chosen. 3. You can ask at most two questions with one item. If you have guessed correctly the price your partner has chosen, you score a point. Your partner will not give away the right answer when you ask a wrong question. 4. When you have asked questions about all the items in the table, switch the roles with your partner and answer their questions. 5. Tabulate the score. You win the game if you have scored higher than your partner. Example: A B A B <n l JX li-^n T L tz jK K tMLK —77 FI U * /:Tto 1C iAXA, l±\\ T'i~ o ¥5,000 ¥ 10,000 ¥ 15,000 ¥20,000 ¥600 ¥ 1,000 ¥ 1,300 ¥2,000 II' 9 L ¥ 1,600 ¥2,000 ¥2,400 ¥3,000 T v + 7 T 4 — ¥3,500 ¥4,000 ¥6,500 ¥8,000 Z ttv. ¥3,000 ¥ 10,000 ¥ 17,000 ¥25,000 C. Pair Work—Suppose you got one thing as a birthday present b) andchoose it from the items on the next page. Your partner guesses what you got. Answer your partner’s questions. Example: A i ~7° \/-\£V h litf'IdXT L 7c^' 0
120 lifts • sail ifo cfca a me A. Change the following verbs into U7c and t/v7! btc. @K04.12/13 Example: tz 'A -£> — L/; 1. Ii£~f 4. /)' < 7. & ^ £ 10. ££ 13. $ < 2. tf'-? 5. < £ 8. 11. 14. t'Z.6 3. ri; 6. io 9. -f * 12. 15. <ntJ B. The pictures below show what Mary did last week. Tell what she did. @<04-14 Example: A 7 'J Ex. Monday — ^5 /0(±^ UEI ifoi-5 xf t (1) Tuesday at home mrMfa Li 1 (2) Wednesday (3) Thursday at her friend’s house in Kyoto at a department store
j£4il 121 C. Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions. @<04.15 Example: Q : |C j5'« CfoJ;-9 O' t UK 'iMt 3 ) A : !!' \ LtLtzc, J: •? Q : / T'J - £ JL i L tzt\ ifoi^ o' x.v> t5* & A : v'V'x., JLHtLTlt: 0 1. xr'j-* t ;5' £-) O' < $ 2. /T'j-^li«Bi:^$*? i L tzti'o t^Xn O' *C t5? <A t5' 3. /T'J-* Ali^if BUB^A^/cAl^'i LAtf'o t < i-7 O' (c tiA.UA- ti h 4. /T'j -5 /Cli&ifB icfc^ic^f * t L tz-h'o hLXn o' T£ i' 5. S T ') —$ AJi±Bi B 12-r — x £ Lil Atf'o r ii ff 6. /T'J-*/CliBBlBi:Hv'#£ Li l/c^'o O' ?5' L<0 D. Look at the pictures in B and answer the questions. @kcm 16 Example: Q : / T'J— ^AliJ^^BU^^Li L A tfoi-j V *u a : mmtrmm it itzo 1 . ST')-* BlCft£ Li lfzt\ t^Xo O' £12 2 . ST')--$A,U!kmnKtti Li Itzt'o 35' O' £12 3. yr'j-i l/:^o x. i ' 75'* <A 4. /T ') —is Aliv'o^ '*)#£ L i L /ctf'o 7)' *><0 $A/J:-9 IfA, liA £ 6. yr'J-i X.(i?K^IB ic ir z TAA A K£v'i L tzt' i<li tf it * E. Pair Work—Ask what your partner did on Monday, Tuesday, etc. Example: A : R MB 1 2 fa £ L i L /=j5'o tfo J; -9 o' £12 B : f--X £ Lil/co
122 £gg- gasi CD A. Compare sentences (a) and (b), and change the sentence (b) using fc. Qkcm-iz Example: (a) ' ' 'S —"S' FI T""f c (c < x-A. (b) o- t-ii-wnT-fo tc £>* < x. A/ 1. (a) /bit l* Itzo t & (b) £ltl*/Cli7MiX£^'i Itzo 2. (a) o/<- b ^5 X( li-to (C (iA, r <A,5j:p (b) /T')-i<. Lite \z isa, r 3. (a) /bit L * /Cli±Bi0 | ZTH'<4 Lito tiiff (b) /bit l /C(i 0 b80 \ZT)V'<^ b £ l i-fo O' 4. (a) /T'J-* /Clip lc liA. r lit- (b) /T0-*^i«TB*M£f£l i-To *'o;-5 ic UA, r a* 5. (a) jbltz, /T0-/5A(i/cltl*Ai:|-v'i'rc (b) & L /b, XT'J-5 /C(±X — t5/Llc^^±-f 0 b 6. (a) T^°- b \Zft* $ L /bo -£A/ln>p i' (C O'* ( X. A/ (b) *<7)X t l /bo V' B. Describe the pictures using fc. @ko4-is Example: /Cli^iTXo XX^TTo Ex. ^ i t £ tz+xti'
§141$ 123vn-BfFEpTS us u ti'hj a A. Mary did a lot yesterday. Describe how many hours Mary did each activity. 0KO4-19 Example: / T U — * i L tz a I it, u A, to Ex. (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) 2 and a half hours
124 £!£ -San B. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. Example: A : $ 9 , ^Bffa 5 ] x U tl £ JL £ 1440 44 C i)'Aj <& B : —Bf M L/=o i'£> U tf'4 <4 1. $<*>*k L * Itzt'o 44 C j&'4-*45 J: 9 2. *<7)X rniBIIJ I44e 44 C rt'4 fo 3. y-A (game) £ l £-ftf' 0 4 V ' T V <* b uf- A $ L X i~ 4\ 44 t ri'4 4. f >y-|'7 1 (Internet) £ l i 40 4 V ' T V ''f^B^fa^ <" b V ' L i -f 4o 44 i: ri'4 ( vn)^<llit)CD$l^ (Review Exercises) n/ub»5 A. Pair Work—Using the expressions below, ask your partners how often they did the following activities when they were a child or in high school. Example: A : <£ < ^£1^4 i 1440 z t'b t$ tb (54 x B : \tw X<i%&$ L tzo/ X VH'X., ')M4i-lf4Tl tzo X 1. Mfai-Z ^•4$ i ? 2. x-t:-'y£y^ 3. H&@£ jjL£ xA' jft< <4 4. ^-isixt < C^x.4 V' 5. 3Xft£# < T *** t)' 6. x — F £y-2> #0 X < ~ X L 4 £ £ £" a ‘J | -t£X-tfX J ~ £ -If 4 T L 4 B. Answer the following questions. 1 . #H, Ort\ JV'Ict, 5.^ C 3. £i'tc£, 44 U #'4^4$ jX 4. J; < 4ft £ S £ -&< 06 (±4 4 5. X < ^4£>icx- 4£ li-ry ti 6. ;fci|L X rK — '7 £ L i L 7c -^:4 L »J> *9
125 7. $ <n i , z r'M £ ^ i L fz />\ IfA- I i^ fc 8. ^Jt£/c < * /C#‘J i l/^'0 •£A,Ln>-9 L^LA, t 9. *<r>n W(0TU:^o tt/^t. 1 ) xr C. Pair Work—A and B want to play badminton together. The following is A’s schedule for this week. (B’s schedule is on p. 126 .) Play the roles of A and B with your partner. Ask each other what the other is doing and decide on what dayyou will play badminton. Example: A’s Schedule A '• s' Vi 'S b 'S (badminton) £ B : s'V'T-f fco < A : flit Slic'd Tirfro X SUN B : fli*HliBI*trr»& L 0r0 < ifoi^ Qf t LxfrA, i MON X 3 ) tf i3d TUE i WED X THU 1Payi?b -JX+yuis T FRI <&*JU X S/\7 -J&snJL, ^-cv£ (!Z- Fp-H* ")
126 £!£-JS&S Pair Work ( n ) C. s Example: A : 2M3 l± £" Z Ti" ^'o C. o X.A, B : ~ z >j T-fo X i L (— P- H8) Map B )VpC2= v S rN f~ )V \ VgOXvAVsl w \TOW\ l:V. < \ i N V ^sn n„ - L_, \ places are. ivzry *— 1 1. #11% 4.«ff 5. l/Z h?> <xff- irk>v-vA \ v k $o $ ta, I ha V Pair Work (w) C. Example: A ; 'Ki X h X (badminton) £ L £ B : tu'T-fteo A : Tt^'o IfOiT O' B : ^ si B liHUfft Tfe ?M l £1% If'DXl If t LtfrA, ^Ji-5 ABfBli? i'ii (f (— p. 125) B’s Schedule $ X SLW £> p- w • J033 i ^3 X MO/V 5+ucly -the, library tue <2=> WED Shopping \n -touuin ST THU Dinner -friend^S bou$e X fri X S/A7"
^41* 127Useful Expressions B O • M Uwo • ^ ^ £U Days/Weeks/Months/YearsDays BEfB K%XW JfBlB *18 tf'Jtiy TJCBlB *I®B uxw ^BSB J/U-jy' i0SB trjtay 1 2 3 4 5 6 <& 0 X nti' V '07$' b'V '7$' 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 tent' CtKOtf' Ud>"7 Udnlcizt, CrJ)'? "^5 X^l 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Ud>'?Jto7$' CrtTC'IC*. Crt>7l£Kfj Ca>7<i:*> 1107$' 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 lcC>rn »ijic£ i:Crti9lci:t. UD»7J:r>!>' IdunZ'lc^ Ul'd>')>S<i:£, i:Ca>7l£i:^ 28 29 30 31 HL\Zm\zt> '5X>Cd>'h '£>!-£> Months (— J3 ) January L£>tJ < ' 7> (-b^J) July ICtJ'O (n^) February ('N^) August "5 /C^O (H^) March (^L^l) September (E9j^) April U rb "7 (-J-^) October Z' (_5.^) May U b "7 V ' £>7^0 (-) ) —November 4 ( (7b June U b *7 IZtJ'-o December Time Words Day Week Month Year i:L rpiti'LiZ. utf'if-oi* (-iSHUr) (— the day before yesterday two weeks ago two months ago the year before last (b^B) -tf/ClUOOfoS) ^lfo(^) yesterday last week last month last year £ JO^B) Z/^ L rj) 9 Z/Clfo(4^) z z L (**) today this week this month this year b' ' L tp 1 tomorrow next week next month next year 3 b' 'Ll* 9 *b' 'Ifo (#*«) (IMU1) (#**) the day after tomorrow the week after next the month after next the year after next
128»>£l£-:£;££i f a^1* I 1 1 * S ' A Trip to Okinawa N 35£ &to D <£ Co ^ =: 23 pL fc> |S Dialogue O Robert and Ken are vacationing in Okinawa. @K05 - 01/02 1 ns<— h : v u fac *C^ $ 2 it /C : -ttT-ffao Tt. £ jt o *0 3 u/<— h : tio 4 It X, : }*K$" t Lite fc«fc 5 it A : o 4 hi ^ li rxtc x ,+:- *y $ Tl* tf' t 6 d/n- h : +f -7 -f T-f o r 7 *> L/c-glc^'j i L i 1 s It /C : Tt, iU^H'Ttto t't> 9 0 /N-h: feV'Dit o> At the post office. @K05 - 03/04 1 D/f-h : -fAi-tiXo ^'')XiTu<bTtto -t+nT-To «r}>-9 <V’*/C & & D )> t X. k> 3 u/<- h : U **>, T (c jv' farf* trtlt'X A+RW£<- T 4 -#< tziH'o
§§511 >129 ® On Monday at school. @K05 - 05/06 1 7c It L : 2 C7/N— f> 3 7c It L : 4 5 DM- h 67 /bit L : h *J i o L t'o /;ttto X.Z.O 3" < $ tl'.'T'lTcJto J:t'o/cTi-ia 0 li< Tir 0 9& /ii' 1" ^T$s<0wli ® t' o 7c T-r t'o O Zn S Jo o- 7t^' & i ‘J /ctto /c It L t5 /C <>0 -r — h- li £" 9 TL tzfr tzfr © Robert: Nice weather. Ken: Yes. But it is a little hot. Robert: Yes. Wow, beautiful sea! Ken: Lets swim. * * * Ken: What kind of sports do you like, Robert? Robert: I like surfing. Shall we do it together tomorrow? Ken: But isn’t it difficult? Robert: No. 0 Robert: Excuse me. How much is a postcard to Britain? Person at the post office: 70 yen. Robert: Then, two 70-yen stamps, please. And one 50-yen stamp, please. Takeshi: Robert, thank you for the postcard. Did you enjoy the trip? Robert: Yes. The sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. Takeshi: Good. I like the sea very much, too. Was the airline ticket expensive? Robert: No, it wasn’t so expensive. How was your date, Takeshi? Takeshi: . . .
130»>£Bg-:g)fi8l mTchj V o c a Nouns * u % * W * * pm * *)— 7 j y L rp < /i'v ' Hr-<# tz L C x n If M£B fX h * T L $ 5^*1 (73 ^ ^3 IX-&# * I±tX' $ * X} Z i $ ftfri* S|$M * 13; < fit * { ) X z l l/3-adjectiv e s h tz b l V */tU' * ' v ' ttL^ jo ' v £ t L ' ® ' 7$' o 3 (. H ' ' -5 t,''. 4^ * /c (73 L o &U' £,v ' \ /Jn -J (, oi b -fr ' -S V ' * fc-f L v il L v =E pp @ K05-07 u I a r y sea postal stamps ticket surfing homework food birthday test weather drink postcard bus airplane room I (used by men) holiday; day off; absence travel new hot (weather) hot (thing) busy (people/days) large interesting; funny good-looking (conjugates like v ' v ') frightening cold (weather—not used for things) fun small boring old (thing—not used for people) difficult * Words that appear in the dialogue
£5R^131tf. - a d j e c t i v e s $ fjV'(ft) * *jhA'(ft) l+XMft) 7&5EI l-fft(ft) * -r $ (ft) ftv'* bV'(ft) * '-f * (ft) CA J (ft) Wx 1/ - v e r b s * fcJ: < " *<* $ < H < <D6 ^5 *R u - v e r b Tftl+£ tfaftlt Adverbs a n d O t * ^'oLj:I: -*fi: * -r r < * b * ft'v ' L Jt -9 o' * ft ft ft * ^ V ^ * ~iT easy (problem); kind (person) inexpensive; cheap (thing) disgusted with; to dislike beautiful; clean healthy; energetic quiet fond of; to like ( ~^ to hate very fond of; to love (~ 7$*) lively not busy; to have a lot of free time to swim to ask (person 1 1 ) to ride; to board (~ I C ) to do; to perform (~ £ ) to go out Expressions together extremely and then It’s okay.; Not to worry.; Everything is under control, very what kind of . . . [counter for flat objects] to (a place); as far as (a place); till (a time)
132 >S G r a m m a r ffiA, 155 Mi Adjectives There are two types of adjectives in Japanese. One type is called “v '-adjectives,” and the other type “tc -adjectives.” v ' and ti are their last syllables when they modify nouns. t '-adjectives: io i L h V an interesting movie x.1' & L t 'S^Hi £ JL i L 7c o I saw an interesting movie yesterday. X. 1- ' ft 3 fa v ' a scary teacher ubT>t^(± 3 fav ^4Tto Professor Yamashita is a scary teacher. tC -adjectives: $ fa v ' a beautiful picture L*LA, TK^T^fav'tC^Jl-IrllUiL/co J took a beautiful picture in Kyoto. 5 i o t L* LA/ t «« energetic teacher If A. i liiTTfc^-liTC^tL'^c^.T't'o Professor Yamashita is an energetic teacher. Ltz-tAy^ IfA; $ Japanese adjectives conjugate for tense (present and past), polarity (affirmative and negative), and so forth, just as verbs do. The two types of adjectives follow different conjugation patterns. (^-adjectives t '-adjectives change shape as follows. £til'! affirmative negative present £tilMrr 2tX&lV£‘T (or^ti<SD^-t+/u) It is cold. It is not cold. past cTti fc'ofcZrr S'tK&fro/cTr'r (or £ti< 35 QiTt^TrUTc) It was cold. It was not cold.
In the negative, you can use the more colloquial variant 'Ti~, or the more conservative variant #> d i -I± A. Both these forms involve the change of the last t ' syllable into < . Unlike verbs, adjectives conjugate fairly uniformly. The only irregularity worth noticing at this stage is the behavior of the adjective oo (good). The first syllable of t ' t ' is changed to =t in all forms except the dictionary form and the long present tense affirmative form. 1 IH/I (irregular) affirmative negative present (or <£<3bD3;t±/v) past ctfro/cT-r £<Uftz>TcTTT Compound adjectives like o 3 v > \ ' that are built with oo follow this syllable change. t<£ -adjectives The conjugation pattern of tc- adjectives is exactly the same as the conjugation table of T" which follows a noun, as discussed in Lesson 4. 7L5a(&) ifA S affirmative negative present Tiifmr IfA, 2 l fA 2 She is healthy. (or TL^iU-PiSD^ti/u) l fA 2 She is not healthy. past tc^TU/c TtsS U P &to' o Tc TIf IfA 2 IfA 2 She was healthy. (or TZ^^'PhO^ithjTrLiTc) ifA * She was not healthy. The final syllable T is dropped in these long forms of U-adjectives. The two forms shown in the negative column are the colloquial and the conservative variants, respectively. In addition to these two forms in the negative, you can also substitute Til for L as in TTi d i -tf L and TTi d i-tfLTl tz which are more often used in the written language than in the spoken language. ' There actually are alternate forms, i v ' and i v, T'f, but they are much less frequently used than oo and ooTt in the spoken language.
If you want to say things like “very hot,” and “a little hot,” you can add “degree adverbs” like 3" < (extremely), £ T t (very) and (i i o t (a little; slightly) before adjectives. K T t ft Hv 'T 1 7c o£>$&£> “9*- 77ie sea was very beautiful in Okinawa. z x o E *^T-r» This room is a little hot. In this lesson, we learn two ^.'-adjectives that are very important from the grammatical point of view. They are 1ft ft (&') (to be fond of; to like), and ^ (&') (to be disgusted "t with; to dislike). The meaning of these adjectives is relational, and you need two terms: a person to like or dislike something on the one hand, and a person or a thing on the other hand that is liked or disliked. In sentences, these two terms usually appear with the particles (i and respectively. 2 X IS Y t)' | 5?^ ] | tlfBb’' ZTTo X likes I dislikes 1 Y. iz ha, r t Robert likes his Japanese classes. b^Tto Professor Yamashita dislikes fish. The item that is liked or disliked can also be a person. You may want to be cautious using these words in reference to your preference for a specific person, however, because jfr $ TiT y 3 is usually taken to be an admission of ones romantic interest. 2 In contexts where you are contrasting two or more items, the particle (i is used instead of Thus, (iffp.jl'JJ- ? Tt I^I ji i b v x T'i* o I like vegetables, but I don t like meat. 3 In the expression of romantic or familial affection, the complex particle <D Z £ 7^' can replace 'd < . Thus, tzlil 3 Xdi/T'J-3 L<nz W#* T-to + Takeshi is in love with Mary. — +
gjS5P>»135 Let us note three more things about 01* (&') and $ b t ' (tc) before we go on. One, if you like or dislike something (or somebody) very much, you can use the intensified forms of 0S T"i~ and S b v ' T~f, namely, d^0 $ Ti~ (like very much) and ds. S h v ' T"f (hate), /ii' 1- ‘ ti \ which are more often used than the degree modifier £ T t in combination with 01* Ti~and 1* b'. 'T~f. tz It L * L li o - 1 -r±0S Ti~ o t Takeshi likes coffee a lot. A 3 ^ 11 f£ o £ •? S b v ' T"-f o £V' Ms. Kim hates natto (a Japanesefermented soybean delicacy). Furthermore, when Japanese people want to say that they neither like nor dislike something, they usually say: #5“ $ T tj $ b v ' T T~f o I neither like nor dislike (it). t Three, you can use and $ b v ' as modifiers of nouns. For example, you can say f* things like: Z This is my favorite book. btzl iTake a long form of a verb and replace the ending with tltTorilf) and you will get the Japanese expression for “let’s . . . which you can use to suggest a plan of action. Li Ln„ I'oU i L«trt'A, Let’s study in the library together. So $ T/v Shall we drink coffee at a coffee shop?
i36»»£gi-;&£g d Counting There are two important things you should know about counting items in Japanese. Firstly, we use different number words for different kinds of items; the words used for counting people are different from the words used for counting books, for example. Secondly, number words often come after, rather than before, the items counted in a sentence. jEL$t L/co Lee bought three stamps. Jo X 3FA,£i' ri' item number The number word, 5L$C, is made up of the numeral 51 and the “counter” This counter is used for sheets of paper and other flat objects. There will be other counters in later lessons for people, for books, for sticklike objects, and so forth. 0*5 IJTu Expression Notes 6>v 'It UUV(<-2:t> /)x (£f) 'It LV^ is used when we describe people and is not used lAttf ''W for places. When you want to say that Tokyo is busy, you should use K ) . tz L $ A/ 1± 'It L V * ~C"i~ o Takeshi is busy. ^M ti ^ o Tokyo is busy / lively. Note that the sentence below is also acceptable, since the susbject “I” is omitted in the sentence. let,* 3 xf I am busy on Sunday. = HBS0 {±(^U±)'lt Xf btzl V. J
§1511 137$|! § P r a c t i c e n/u Uko re*' A. Change the following adjectives into the affirmatives. @ko5 -os Example: /ctJ'V' —* IfX $ tC - IfXATi" 1. 4. fctUn 7. 10. 2. £>-ov' 5. 8. oo 11. Hi'tc 3. 6. v'-ttfXv' 9. 12. Ut-b B. Change the following adjectives into the negatives. @ko5 -o9 Example: — K^'t ( tcV'T’~f tftti' — tAiC^^^r-T 1. S ft'V' 2. oXv 3. Zb *•' 4. 7. 5. ft'-fX L v ' 8. v n ' 6. t}'o Z V'V ' 9. IfX $ 10. 1-fXte 11. AfUX' 12. 15-SXtfX C. Look at the pictures below and make sentences. Example: 3 <D B^|f |i jtj \ ' Tfo t If V' tefr Z < <L‘V 'Tto Ifl' ¥100,000 ¥480
i38»»aB-aaai (4) (5) (6) (7) D. Answer the following questions. Example: Q : H 77Xli|| L ^ ' X"i~ fi' 0 ic ija, r et* A : iK^'V'Tto 1. T-ti'o Sid 2 . InTt^'o -lirAx-ti-v.'* tfoZl *5 #5 4. Mii$noT-r^o 5. LoTth(Z (5 A/ fc &<0 6. l^v'T-fjK 7. ?&fili»Lv'T-r^o U<**i' Cfj)> LT E. Pair Work—Make affirmative and negative sentences with your partner. Example: A ft y, \ -* "%Ltzt><n%PSIiS *U'T1" 0 T't . Hv' U it ^ * btzl ^ * tto l. 34 & L -^> * 3. Z fa *. 4. 34 v ' l v 5. ifA' 6. 7>'o Z V H ' 7. IfA, $ 2. no 8. £A 4 ft
%5H >»139 F. Pair Work—Make your own sentences on the topics below using adjectives, and tell your partner. Example: T' X h li It L *( 4 t ' T"fo T't’ 0 1. ^A li btzl 2. <7) ®T 1 frfcl t% ( n) 1^1 oTc TT Td? 3. ^A<73 £ 4 •) <7)AI± btzl X>b 4. ifA<7)£PMIi fcfcl -S V 5. AlfUl t ? 5 j: n 6. ' ' 7 4" (Hawaii) |± A. Change the following adjectives into the past affirmatives. @kos-io Example: tzt)'\-' — fztj't)' o /;T"f IfX * A - ltX*Tl4 1 . 2. &ov' 3. $ tX 4. fc & L ^ v 5. o£ ' 6. 7. /c <7) L V 8. UU 9. L -f'44 10. |C*X 4411 . **U '4 12. tA£4 B. Change the following adjectives into the past negatives. @kos-i i Example: ’C't''.' — K > 't ( 4 4 o tz TX JA £ A — tA £ C «» A 4 o A T-f 1 . 44t 2 . A l v 3. K> t L v 4. o i 5.6. nu 7. v '-^4' l v 8. Z\H' 9. U*X44 10. 1X4411 . $jHA '4 12. ItX* 4 C. This is what Robert wrote down about the trip to Okinawa. Look at the memoand make sentences. @<05-12 Example: XHlUM' o tz TTo fc$4fc> £>o Ex. Okinawa—hot 4. hotel—new 1 . food—not expensive 5. restaurant—not quiet 2. food—delicious 6. sea—beautiful 3. hotel—not big 7. surfing—interesting
i4o>»ais-gat» D. Pair Work—Practice a dialogue with your partner, substituting the underlined parts. A and B are talking about A’s vacation. Example: went to Okinawa — very hot - A : lAo *1 - v' B : Tl tzti\ A : 1. saw a movie 2. stayedhome (9 3. went to a party 4. went to a restaurant 5. (your own) scary very boring not fun not delicious ®WUB$Strfla rc*' t A. Look at the pictures and make comments on them. @K05-i3 Example: ffflt — ^ t 'BfffT't’ t2 a i ItV' fc;5' i Itl' ¥100,000
jf!5R>>-141 B. Answer the questions using the given cues. Qkos-u Example: r Q : 11 EXft AT'tK V't A : L 'ATto (3) tz It L energetic £6'S ? A. Pair Work—Choose the items from the following categories and ask your partners whether they like them. Example: A • Mi t'tt A T 't B : liv \ T-f/*#* tto eo t t ' t ' £ , $ b^'T'to 1 . Foods: meat /ft o E t (fermented beans) /T t X 7 'J — A (ice cream) 2. Sports: 4t y ij— (soccer) /7 % — (skiing) /0' )l7 (golf) 3. Music: & y 9 (rock) /V + 7 (jazz) / 9 ^7 V y 9 (classical music) 4. School work: test / Japanese class / homework 5. Drinks: sake / green tea / coffee * If you neither like it nor dislike it, you can use jfr $ T it $ b t ' T & A' t ' X"t. Ex. A T >J - kind (1) Xbeautiful v-t (2) as<— f interesting B. Answer the following questions. 1.2 . 3.4. 5. EX** X #-"9 W* T-r t' 0 t EXft'^^#^#?-* T-f t' 0 EXftftA&tf«#* T'-rt'o CD £<D f EXftB&ifi^tt £ Ti~ t' 0 EXft^&W^T'ft'o
142 £>£ii A. Change the following into ^ U<fc z> sentences, (ji] Example: t" — X £ X -S 1. I't L J: |2|)f 2. ftlLiZffl < 3. SfeSfcJL-S xA' t5'* * 4. 75' 5. X - r-XRJ L jt 6. #o i 7. &<* JiJ: s. L-pLA. t 9. '*xic*fe«5 <n 10 . *>< c h K05-15 1 o B. Pair Work—Make follow-up suggestions using £ U j; o tP. Example: IR ' T'X tlo it- A : |oTt*l, L jt j (D B RHRRo 1. ^^rxn0 2. +21B#T'f^o C4>9 tC U 3. z<n^m±M. Lv'T-f Uo l»<tv t'fl)' 4. •tf/UR' 7t U J: *) Xf 5. &<7) ux f'7>li£v'U'T-f J; Q 6. & l/ciif-x k X& u i-tfao 11 (Review Exercises) A. Pair Work—Ask your partner the following questions. 1. Were you busy last week? 2. Were you fine last week? 3. Was your high school big/old? 4. Was your watch expensive? 5. Is your bag new? 6. Is your room small/clean? 7. Is your teacher kind?
f£s5il 143 B. Class Activity—Show and tell Bring pictures you took on a trip. Explain to your class where you went, whatyou did, how it was, etc. And later, other students will ask in detail about the trip. Example questions: i l fz-t)' o l' t-ltiU £ L tz'<btl ! So C. Role Play—Use Dialogue n as a model, buy some stamps and postcards.
144 -gag C ulture Japanese Festivals C 14 A. Jo There are many festivals in Japan. Some are famous, while others are known only to the locals. Some are very traditional, while others are rather new. Here are some examples of well-known festivals. Where do you want to visit? r Kt>§So The Sapporo Snow Festival is held for a week in early February. It features large snow sculptures constructed in a park on the main avenue. 51 KK ffiBI The Kyoto Gion Festival is held in July. On the 1 7th, beautifully decorated floats parade on the main streets in Kyoto. to The Aomori Nebuta Festival is held August 2-7. Fluge colorful lanterns are pulled through the streets, accompanied by people dancing and playing flutes and drums. t< ut &£' The Tokushima Awa Dance Festival is held August 1 2-1 5. Groups of people form lines and dance around the center of town. ..meA.tzy.' fcfttffcso The Sendai Tanabata Festival is held August 6-8, and is fa- mous for its large, elaborate decorations made with colorful Japanese paper.
§1511 145Useful Expressions KtO Ufv $<£< At the Post Office Expressions 3ft, 'lito Can you take care of this, please? hi' jS.-)- < /c t ' o Give me three 50-yen stamps, please. (MS®) Tfclii'ltto Make this (an airmail), please. 3. 9 < 9 tfA, fa?)'* ^ H C b ^ ' 7^' U i How many days will it take? £>U3t> IF j5.+ PI 13 ft l ) i i'o It will be 150 yen. 0,J{>< 3* 13 »*> *7 X. A^ Vocabulary surface mail special delivery registered mail insurance airmail 3 T<T^ 5S a counter An ® £h*C*> ( ± tJ * postcard *€ < fco postal stamps #§?- $ o T aM£» parcel 'f&Efc- 3 o'o& li ItA,
146 £fS-3S£II f *5H I 1 1 S s 0 N 6^| y —S A Day in Robert’s Lifeiv$ ICS ^|S Dialoque © In the class. J K06-01/02 1 lUT^g^- 2 D/\— J' 34 C7/n I' 5 OlTTfc^ *£ L/c-£A,-£V' 6 C7 / \ — f* >?$&/,?< V'o o? «t D^-^/C. iJ*T <tz*^o ft*-. -iirA^-tirL ^ £ i •) 56' Li t>ir < /=-5 v'fc 0 t5 ' L<t t liv.', -fA £ -tt/Co ^ X T Xli'.Nt+i-tt/CJto ta 0 ^ ' £ *f tf' b o ® After class. @K06-03/04 1 X — : 2 c7 4 \ — L : 3 x — : D'f-hH, 4"0 L fzfao xx D $.TX — *L<n/— h £ft‘J T tbuTti'. t5> ^ n 'T'-f £0 4 D/N-L: £>ij 7}<^ i -f C^lt-To t5 'x. 5 x -: D^'-hH, £> L tz-r* ') it Xc 6 C7 / \ — I' : 7 x — : 8 C7 / \ — ^ : Xoo liAfc •) O' *1- L>£k ^ 0 (±^i:')f oT, fe^Li-fo $ «fc "9 '-'‘X. tS'X. On the bus. @K06- 05/06 1 £!£'£>* A : 2 o 4 n — L : 3 £> l i £> J ^ • £><7\ fAM/Lo Z tfWX £ £ i"^'o u. 'w*£-f£o £><D, L-)fl6T{f:q', i' irt> VU'X, lto 3 9 T'to 1 " <*$H £-f^' bo
|- f T Tti'o l J: Ti'o i-U i i t>o t \V^n ® Prof. Yamashita: Robert, please read the next page. Robert: . . . Prof. Yamashita: Robert, please wake up. You cannot sleep in the class. Robert: Mr. Yamashita, I forgot to bring the textbook. Prof. Yamashita: Please bring your textbook with you. We use it every day Robert: I understand. I’m sorry. Sue: Robert, you had a hard time today. Robert: Yes. May I borrow your notebook later, Sue? Sue: Yes. Robert: Thank you. I’ll return it soon. Sue: Robert, we will have a test tomorrow. Robert: Really? Sue: Yes. You were absent from the class last Friday. (That’s why you didn’t know about it.) Robert: Well then, I’ll go home and study today. Old woman: Excuse me. Does this bus go to the city hospital? Robert: Yes, it does. Take this seat, please. Old woman: No, thank you. I’ll get off soon. Robert: Is that so? Then, shall I carry your bag? Old woman: Thank you.
148 • 3£/ZA$i mTeh §E PP 0 K06-07 V o cab u 1 a r y Nouns Jo money Jo .1' fcJUS bath fi'L t 3t£ kanji; Chinese character * * Jt i -ft' L J: tm# textbook Z LL n> i this week C D fr-Fi-) CD * L&Ltf i. municipal hospital -> + 7- shower # o Jf & next TX* electricity TX L ^ train * ic t o min baggage /n y r? > personal computer * — :y page t £" $ window X z> * night ' L ID "7 next week O V ' Jl /y next year JS-adjecfiv e * '^/OCtr) tough (situation) U - v e r b s mx to play; to spend time pleasantly v ' -t c <* /'ii > to hurry Jb'oXlCllv'^, fc&glcA* to take a bath * TjX'f to return (a thing) (person IZ thing £) it-r to turn off; to erase (~ £ ) L <& ?&<& to die * i" b%> to sit down (seat IZ) tz"> to stand up tziXZ iiri /cliX $**5 to smoke * Words that appear in the dialogue
gj!6fl>>M49 * 07 9 titl to use (~£) T ^ tin to help (person/task £ ) \Z to enter (~|2) * to to carry; to hold (~ £ ) * v-ft; ttt; (1) to be absent (from ... ) (~£) (2) to rest Ru-verbs &l+£ mu> to open (something) £ ) #?' L x.£ %LZ.h to teach; to instruct (person IZ thing £) * & l ) 6 HHJ * to get off (~£) * i' l )Z to borrow (person 1 2 thing £ ) iy)6 to close (something) £ ) > + 7 -£&£/'£ -> +> 7 — $ to take a shower o|+& to turn on (~£) T/C;b£?H+£ to make a phone call ( ~ 1 2 ) * fri" tl-S to forget; to leave behind (~ £ ) Irregular Verbs oftT < 4 ittlT < 4 to bring (a person) (~ £ ) * t 0 T 4 -£> 4foT < 4 to bring (a thing) (~ £ ) Adverbs a n d Other Expressions * *>ET tT later on fc* < *< (do something) late * ~ it because . . . * lto3i T'f That would be fine.; That wouldn’t be necessary. * -re right away * \ILZ 1 T-fit" Really? rp-o < >) slowly; leisurely; unhurriedly
150»>£15-:g;£fi G r a m m a r ;3\/v 1^5Te-form The main topic of this lesson is a new conjugation of verbs called the “te-form.” Te- forms are a very important part of Japanese grammar. In this lesson, we will learn, among their various uses, to use them in: • making requests (“. . . , please.”) • giving and asking for permission (“You may . . . /May I . . . ?”) • stating that something is forbidden (“You must not . . .”) • forming a sentence that describes two events or activities. (“I did this and did that”) The conjugation paradigm of te-forms is complex, as we need to learn separate rules for ru-, u-, and irregular verbs. Furthermore, the rule for u-verbs is divided into five subrules. First, with ru-verbs, the rule is very simple: Take -S off and add T . ru-verbs (7-verbs come in several groups, based on the final syllable of their dictionary forms. u-verbs with final 5,0, and <5 1 & mo££3 & m^z $ L-dZ u-verbs with final , ij\ , and S& m 5E& tthJZ. mz WhZ L 1 As we discussed in Lesson 3 (see page 89), some verbs that end with the hiragana >E> are ru-verbs and some others are w-verbs. Review the discussion on how the vowel before the final £ syllable determines which verb belongs to which class. As far as te-forms are concerned, we observe that w-verbs that end with will have a small o, ru-verbs that end with h do not.