DC014 Lecture Note & Tutorial

Operating System












• Different sizes of computers typically use




different operating systems because operating




systems generally are written to run on a specific




type of computer.






• For example, a mainframe computer does not




use the same operating system as a personal




computer.






• The same types of computers, such as desktop




computers also may not use the same operating




system.

Operating System















• Some can run multiple operating systems.







• The operating system that a computer uses




sometimes is called the platform.







• A cross-platform program is one that runs the





same on multiple operating systems.

Operating System















• Some can run multiple operating systems.







• The operating system that a computer uses




sometimes is called the platform.







• A cross-platform program is one that runs the





same on multiple operating systems.

Three (3) Types of Operating System (OS)















1. Desktop Operating Systems







2. Server Operating Systems






3. Mobile Operating Systems

Three (3) Types of Operating System (OS)















1. Desktop Operating Systems







2. Server Operating Systems






3. Mobile Operating Systems

Desktop Operating Systems















• A desktop operating system is a complete





operating system that works on a desktop





computer, or notebook computer.

Desktop Operating Systems















• A desktop operating system is a complete





operating system that works on a desktop





computer, or notebook computer.

Examples of Desktop Operating System
















Proprietary Software Open Source Software





• Windows 10 • Endless






• macOS • Linux





• UNIX • Ubuntu






• Chrome OS • Chromium OS

Examples of Desktop Operating System
















Proprietary Software Open Source Software





• Windows 10 • Endless






• macOS • Linux





• UNIX • Ubuntu






• Chrome OS • Chromium OS

Server Operating Systems













• A server operating system is a multiuser operating




system that organizes and coordinates how multiple




users access and share resources on a network.






• A server operating system typically resides on a server.






• The client computers on the network rely on the



server(s) for resources.






• Server operating systems are designed specifically to




support all sizes of networks, including medium- to




large-sized businesses and Web servers.

Server Operating Systems













• A server operating system is a multiuser operating




system that organizes and coordinates how multiple




users access and share resources on a network.






• A server operating system typically resides on a server.






• The client computers on the network rely on the



server(s) for resources.






• Server operating systems are designed specifically to




support all sizes of networks, including medium- to




large-sized businesses and Web servers.

Examples of Server Operating System


















Proprietary Software Open Source Software






• Windows Server 2019 • Linux Server OS





• macOS Server • CentOS






• UNIX • ClearOS

Examples of Server Operating System


















Proprietary Software Open Source Software






• Windows Server 2019 • Linux Server OS





• macOS Server • CentOS






• UNIX • ClearOS

Mobile Operating Systems















• Mobile operating system is an operating





system that is used for mobile devices





which resides on a ROM chip.

Mobile Operating Systems















• Mobile operating system is an operating





system that is used for mobile devices





which resides on a ROM chip.

Examples of Mobile Operating System


















Proprietary Software Open Source Software






• Apple iOS • Google Android





• Windows (Mobile • EMUI






Edition) • HarmonyOS

Examples of Mobile Operating System


















Proprietary Software Open Source Software






• Apple iOS • Google Android





• Windows (Mobile • EMUI






Edition) • HarmonyOS

Summary














Identify types of operating system





• Desktop Operating System






• Server Operating System






• Mobile Operating System

Summary














Identify types of operating system





• Desktop Operating System






• Server Operating System






• Mobile Operating System

2.7 System Software













Learning Outcomes:





• At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:







• 2.7.1 Operating System




– 2.7.1.2 Explain the functions of operating system




i. Starting and Shutting Computers




ii. Providing a User Interface



iii. Managing Programs




iv. Managing Memory




v. Monitoring Performance



vi. Establishing an Internet Connection



vii. Providing File, Disk and System Management Tools




viii. Controlling a Network

2.7 System Software













Learning Outcomes:





• At the end of this lesson, students should be able to:







• 2.7.1 Operating System




– 2.7.1.2 Explain the functions of operating system




i. Starting and Shutting Computers




ii. Providing a User Interface



iii. Managing Programs




iv. Managing Memory




v. Monitoring Performance



vi. Establishing an Internet Connection



vii. Providing File, Disk and System Management Tools




viii. Controlling a Network

Functions of Operating System















• The main function of operating system






(OS) is to manage the computer system.







• Without an operating system, a






computer system is without a good






manager and hence cannot function





properly.

Functions of Operating System















• The main function of operating system






(OS) is to manage the computer system.







• Without an operating system, a






computer system is without a good






manager and hence cannot function





properly.

Eight (8) Functions of Operating System













1. Starting and shutting Computers







2. Providing a User Interface






3. Managing programs/applications







4. Managing memory







5. Monitoring Performance






6. Establishing an Internet Connection







7. Providing file, disk and system management tools







8. Controlling a network

Eight (8) Functions of Operating System













1. Starting and shutting Computers







2. Providing a User Interface






3. Managing programs/applications







4. Managing memory







5. Monitoring Performance






6. Establishing an Internet Connection







7. Providing file, disk and system management tools







8. Controlling a network

1. Starting and Shutting Computer















• The process of starting or restarting a computer





or mobile devices is called booting.





• Cold boot refer to the process of starting a




computer or mobile devices from a state when it





is powered off completely.







• Warm boot is the process of restarting a





computer or mobile device while it remains




powered on.

1. Starting and Shutting Computer















• The process of starting or restarting a computer





or mobile devices is called booting.





• Cold boot refer to the process of starting a




computer or mobile devices from a state when it





is powered off completely.







• Warm boot is the process of restarting a





computer or mobile device while it remains




powered on.

Shut Down Options















• Shut down options including powering off





the computer, placing the computer in sleep




mode, and hibernating the computer.







• Both sleep mode and hibernate, which store





the current state of all open programs and





documents, are designed to save time when




you resume working on the computer.

Shut Down Options















• Shut down options including powering off





the computer, placing the computer in sleep




mode, and hibernating the computer.







• Both sleep mode and hibernate, which store





the current state of all open programs and





documents, are designed to save time when




you resume working on the computer.

Shut Down Options














• Sleep mode saves any open documents and




programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded




functions, and then places the computer in a




low-power state.






• If, for some reason, power is removed from a




computer that is in sleep mode, any unsaved




work could be lost.






• Hibernate, by contrast, saves any open




documents and programs to a hard disk




before removing power from the computer.

Shut Down Options














• Sleep mode saves any open documents and




programs to RAM, turns off all unneeded




functions, and then places the computer in a




low-power state.






• If, for some reason, power is removed from a




computer that is in sleep mode, any unsaved




work could be lost.






• Hibernate, by contrast, saves any open




documents and programs to a hard disk




before removing power from the computer.

2. Providing a User Interface

















• A user interface controls how you enter data





and instructions and how information is




displayed on the screen.







• You interact with software through its user





interface.







• Two types of user interfaces:






1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)







2. Command-line Interface

2. Providing a User Interface

















• A user interface controls how you enter data





and instructions and how information is




displayed on the screen.







• You interact with software through its user





interface.







• Two types of user interfaces:






1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)







2. Command-line Interface

Two (2) Types of User Interface















1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)






With a graphical user interface (GUI), users





interact with menus and visual images by




touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking button





and other object to issue commands.





2. Command-line interface





With a command-line interface, user types





commands represent by short keywords or





abbreviations or presses special keys on the





keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Two (2) Types of User Interface















1. Graphical User Interface (GUI)






With a graphical user interface (GUI), users





interact with menus and visual images by




touching, pointing, tapping, or clicking button





and other object to issue commands.





2. Command-line interface





With a command-line interface, user types





commands represent by short keywords or





abbreviations or presses special keys on the





keyboard to enter data and instructions.

Two (2) Types of User Interface






















































Command-line



interface requires user




to enter exact spelling,

Graphical User form,




Interfaces (GUI) on and punctuation



some computers and




mobile devices

Two (2) Types of User Interface






















































Command-line



interface requires user




to enter exact spelling,

Graphical User form,




Interfaces (GUI) on and punctuation



some computers and




mobile devices

3. Managing Programs











• When a computer is running multiple programs





concurrently, one program is in the foreground





and the others are in the background.




• A multitasking operating system’s user interface





easily allows you to switch between foreground





and background programs.

3. Managing Programs











• When a computer is running multiple programs





concurrently, one program is in the foreground





and the others are in the background.




• A multitasking operating system’s user interface





easily allows you to switch between foreground





and background programs.

3. Managing Programs
















































































A foreground application (Microsoft Word) is displayed on the screen. The


other applications (Calendar, Google Maps and File Explorer) are in the



background

3. Managing Programs
















































































A foreground application (Microsoft Word) is displayed on the screen. The


other applications (Calendar, Google Maps and File Explorer) are in the



background

4. Managing Memory















• The purpose of memory management is





to optimize the use of computer or devices





internal memory example random access




memory (RAM).





• The operating system allocates, or assigns, data





and instructions to an area of memory while





they are being processed.

4. Managing Memory















• The purpose of memory management is





to optimize the use of computer or devices





internal memory example random access




memory (RAM).





• The operating system allocates, or assigns, data





and instructions to an area of memory while





they are being processed.

4. Managing Memory


























































Many applications running at the same time may deplete



a computers or devices available RAM

4. Managing Memory


























































Many applications running at the same time may deplete



a computers or devices available RAM

5. Monitoring Performance

















• A performance monitor is a program that





assesses and reports information about




various computer resources and devices.







• For example, users can monitor the processor,





disks, network, and memory usage.

5. Monitoring Performance

















• A performance monitor is a program that





assesses and reports information about




various computer resources and devices.







• For example, users can monitor the processor,





disks, network, and memory usage.

Monitoring Performance

















• If a computer is running extremely slow, for





example, the performance monitor may




determine that the computer’s memory is





being used to its maximum.







• Thus, you might consider installing additional





memory in the computer.

Monitoring Performance

















• If a computer is running extremely slow, for





example, the performance monitor may




determine that the computer’s memory is





being used to its maximum.







• Thus, you might consider installing additional





memory in the computer.

5. Monitoring Performance

















































































Activity to monitor performance of CPU, Disk, Network and Memory in



computer