The Development of Sugarcane Biocomposite for Household Product Design Application

APPENDIX B

Natural Fibre BP Biocomposite Raw Data Sheet Data Set B

Flexure extension Flexure stress Flexure strain Time
(sec)
No. (mm) Flexure load (N) (MPa) (mm/mm)

0 0.99113 3.62295 0.20936 0.00246 9.30000
1 1.99111 7.99802 0.46219 0.00494 19.30000
2 2.99109 11.33049 0.65477 0.00742 29.30000
3 3.99113 14.63926 0.84597 0.00990 39.30000
4 4.99117 17.52854 1.01294 0.01238 49.30000
5 5.99115 20.19328 1.16693 0.01486 59.30000
6 6.99113 22.90146 1.32343 0.01734 69.30000
7 7.99111 24.67715 1.42604 0.01982 79.30000
8 8.99109 27.31404 1.57842 0.02231 89.30000
9 9.99118 28.27718 1.63408 0.02479 99.30000
10 10.99122 31.10144 1.79729 0.02727 109.30000
11 11.99108 31.08504 1.79634 0.02975 119.30000
12 12.99100 33.77941 1.95204 0.03223 129.30000
13 13.99116 34.42402 1.98929 0.03471 139.30000
14 14.99120 35.65624 2.06050 0.03719 149.30000
15 15.99124 36.61630 2.11598 0.03967 159.30000
16 16.99110 37.44470 2.16385 0.04215 169.30000
17 17.99102 38.35624 2.21653 0.04463 179.30000
18 18.99112 38.46234 2.22266 0.04711 189.30000
19 19.99122 39.27767 2.26978 0.04960 199.30000
20 20.99126 40.61795 2.34723 0.05208 209.30000
21 21.99106 40.43147 2.33645 0.05456 219.30000
22 22.99104 41.01791 2.37034 0.05704 229.30002
23 23.99108 41.25575 2.38409 0.05952 239.30002
24 24.99117 40.95323 2.36660 0.06200 249.30002
25 25.99121 42.12494 2.43432 0.06448 259.30002
26 26.99107 42.07917 2.43167 0.06696 269.30003
27 27.99105 42.18154 2.43759 0.06944 279.30003
28 28.99109 41.98310 2.42612 0.07192 289.30003
29 29.99119 40.88395 2.36260 0.07440 299.30003
30 30.99123 40.52826 2.34205 0.07689 309.30003
31 31.99115 40.69986 2.35196 0.07937 319.30003
32 32.99095 40.47665 2.33906 0.08185 329.30003
33 33.99111 39.89858 2.30566 0.08433 339.30003
34 34.99115 40.46358 2.33831 0.08681 349.30003
35 35.99119 40.66108 2.34972 0.08929 359.30003

220

36 36.99111 40.13834 2.31951 0.09177 369.30003
37 37.99115 39.43219 2.27871 0.09425 379.30003
38 38.99113 38.60628 2.23098 0.09673 389.30003
39 39.99117 37.11045 2.14454 0.09921 399.30003
40 40.99120 37.56955 2.17107 0.10169 409.30003
41 41.99113 36.22829 2.09356 0.10417 419.30003
42 42.99110 35.98589 2.07955 0.10666 429.30003
43 43.99114 34.88576 2.01598 0.10914 439.30003
44 44.99112 34.62265 2.00077 0.11162 449.30003
45 45.99110 34.10940 1.97111 0.11410 459.30003
46 46.99114 33.05186 1.91000 0.11658 469.30003
47 47.07102 33.22831 1.92020 0.11678 470.09803

221

APPENDIX C

The sample of BP Biocomposite Raw Data Sheet Data Set C

Flexure extension Flexure stress Flexure strain Time
(sec)
No. (mm) Flexure load (N) (MPa) (mm/mm)

0 0.99789 3.09964 0.16486 0.00251 9.70000
1 1.99781 5.24272 0.27884 0.00502 19.70000
2 2.99785 7.90340 0.42036 0.00753 29.70000
3 3.99794 9.76075 0.51914 0.01004 39.70000
4 4.99792 11.43607 0.60825 0.01255 49.70000
5 5.99784 12.91353 0.68683 0.01506 59.70000
6 6.99782 14.05523 0.74756 0.01757 69.70001
7 7.99792 15.26699 0.81201 0.02008 79.70001
8 8.99784 16.73442 0.89005 0.02259 89.70001
9 9.99788 18.50991 0.98449 0.02510 99.70001
10 10.99786 19.13768 1.01787 0.02761 109.70001
11 11.99784 20.35487 1.08261 0.03012 119.70001
12 12.99788 20.81280 1.10697 0.03263 129.70002
13 13.99780 21.35581 1.13585 0.03514 139.70002
14 14.99784 21.57080 1.14729 0.03765 149.70002
15 15.99794 22.34231 1.18832 0.04016 159.70002
16 16.99792 22.56312 1.20006 0.04268 169.70002
17 17.99778 22.92126 1.21911 0.04519 179.70002
18 18.99782 22.39289 1.19101 0.04770 189.70002
19 19.99785 21.81403 1.16022 0.05021 199.70002
20 20.99789 21.45403 1.14107 0.05272 209.70002
21 21.99799 20.15664 1.07207 0.05523 219.70002
22 22.99779 19.67271 1.04633 0.05774 229.70002
23 23.99777 18.27975 0.97224 0.06025 239.70002
24 24.99787 15.76203 0.83833 0.06276 249.70002
25 25.99797 13.46619 0.71623 0.06527 259.70002
26 26.99795 10.87856 0.57860 0.06778 269.70000
27 27.99781 9.53642 0.50721 0.07029 279.70000
28 28.99779 8.84970 0.47069 0.07280 289.70000
29 29.99783 7.77111 0.41332 0.07531 299.70000
30 30.99798 7.56783 0.40251 0.07782 309.70000
31 31.99791 6.71294 0.35704 0.08033 319.70000
32 32.99783 6.49644 0.34553 0.08285 329.70000
33 33.99781 6.02730 0.32057 0.08536 339.70000
34 34.99778 5.41951 0.28825 0.08787 349.70000
35 35.99795 5.09623 0.27105 0.09038 359.70000

222

36 36.99798 4.45510 0.23695 0.09289 369.70000
37 37.99778 3.74346 0.19910 0.09540 379.70000
38 38.99776 3.72104 0.19791 0.09791 389.70000
39 39.99792 2.70580 0.14391 0.10042 399.70000
40 40.99790 2.87516 0.15292 0.10293 409.70000
41 41.9980 2.57890 0.13716 0.10544 419.70000
42 42.99786 2.09811 0.11159 0.10795 429.70000
43 43.99778 1.07382 0.05711 0.11046 439.70000
44 44.99788 0.80091 0.04260 0.11297 449.70000
45 45.99792 0.35954 0.01912 0.11548 459.70000
46 46.32257 -0.27856 -0.01482 0.11630 462.94600

223

APPENDIX DA

Energy Usage: Breakdown for the Highest-Contributing Parts

Energy: Material - Breakdown by Part

No. Part Name Recycle Material Total Mass Energy
(MJ)
(kg) 62

Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.1 62
1 0.0
10
0.3cm: 1 Low alloy)
10
Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.1
2 0.0 10
: 1 Low alloy)
10
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :1 0.0 10

Low alloy) 10

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 10
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :2 0.0
10
Low alloy)
82
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :3 0.0 82
0.36
Low alloy) 0.36
0.36
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 0.36
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :4 0.0 0.36
0.36
Low alloy) 0.36
0.36
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 1.0
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :5 0.0
1.0
Low alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :6 0.0

Low alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :7 0.0

Low alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :8 0.0

Low alloy)

11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.8
0.0

Low alloy)

12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.8
0.0

Low alloy)

13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.012

Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034
21

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034
22

(D)] × 20(T)]

224

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
23 Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.0
24 3.837 113.1
12.968 378.88
(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0
25

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0
26

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0
27

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0
28

(D)] × 20(T)]

Remaining parts

Total

APPENDIX DB

Energy: Disposal - Breakdown by Parts

No Part Name Material End of Life Energy
(EoF) (MJ)
1.5
1 Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 1.5
0.24
alloy) 0.24
0.24
2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.24
0.24
alloy) 0.24
0.24
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.24
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1 2.0

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm× 0.3cm : 2

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8

alloy)

11 Frame: 2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle

alloy)

225

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 2.0
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Recycle 0.0087
Recycle 0.0087
alloy) Recycle 0.0087
Recycle 0.0087
13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.0087
Recycle 0.0087
14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.0087
Recycle 0.0087
15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024

Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.024
21
Recycle 0.024
(D)] × 20(T)] 2.698
9.1816
Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
22

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
23

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
24

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
25

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
26

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
27

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
28

(D)] × 20(T)]

Remaining Parts

Total

APPENDIX DC

Energy: End of Life Potential - Breakdown by Parts

End of Life Energy
(MJ)
No Part Name Material (EoF)
-45
Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
-45
1 0.3cm: 1 alloy) Recycle
-7.4
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low -7.4

2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1 alloy) Recycle

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low

3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1 alloy) Recycle

4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle

226

alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low

5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :3 alloy) Recycle -7.4

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -7.4

6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :4 alloy) Recycle -7.4

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -7.4

7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5 alloy) Recycle -7.4

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -7.4

8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6 alloy) Recycle -60

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -44
Recycle -0.27
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7 alloy) Recycle -0.27
Recycle -0.27
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.27
Recycle -0.27
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm× 0.3cm: 8 alloy) Recycle -0.27
Recycle -0.27
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.27

11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm alloy) Recycle -0.73

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.73

12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm alloy) Recycle -0.73

13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle -0.73

14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle -0.73

15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle -0.73

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle -0.73

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle -0.73
-82
18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy -261.2

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

21 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

22 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

23 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

24 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

25 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

26 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

27 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm

28 (D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

Remaining Parts

Total

227

APPENDIX EA

CO2 footprint: Breakdown for the Highest-Contributing Parts

CO2: Material - Breakdown by Parts

No. Part Name Recycle Material Total Mass CO 2
(kg) (kg)
Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.1 4.1
1 0.0 Low alloy)
0.0 2.1 4.1
0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: Low alloy) 0.35 0.67
2
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 0.67
1 Low alloy)
0.35 0.67
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
Low alloy) 0.35 0.67
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2 0.0
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 0.67
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3 0.0 Low alloy)
0.35 0.67
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
Low alloy) 0.35 0.67
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5 0.0
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 0.67
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6 0.0 Low alloy)
2.8 5.5
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
Low alloy) 2.8 5.5
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8 0.0 0.012 0.024
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.012 0.024
11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm 0.0 Low alloy) 0.012 0.024
0.012 0.024
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.012 0.024
Low alloy) 0.012 0.024
13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 0.012 0.024
14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.012 0.024
15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Low alloy) 0.034 0.067
16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 0.034 0.067
17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Low alloy)
19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0
20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] 0.0 Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy
21 Steel, Low alloy
0.0 Steel, Low alloy
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
22 Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy

Steel, Low alloy

Steel, Low alloy

228

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034 0.067
23 Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 Steel, Low alloy 0.034 0.067
24

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 0.034 0.067
25

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 0.034 0.067
26

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 0.034 0.067
27

(D)] × 20(T)]

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 0.0 0.034 0.067
28
3.837 7.473
(D)] × 20(T)] 12.968 25.288

Remaining Part

Total

APPENDIX EB

Energy: Disposal - Breakdown by Part

No Part Name Material End of Life CO2
(EoF) (kg)
Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.088
1 Recycle 0.088
Recycle 0.015
1 alloy) Recycle 0.015
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.015
Recycle 0.015
2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1 Recycle 0.015
alloy) Recycle 0.015
Recycle 0.015
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.015
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm :7

alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8

alloy)

229

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.12
11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm
Recycle 0.12
alloy) Recycle 0.00052
Recycle 0.00052
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle 0.00052
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Recycle 0.00052
Recycle 0.00052
alloy) Recycle 0.00052
Recycle 0.00052
13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy Recycle 0.00052
Recycle 0.0014
14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Recycle 0.0014
Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy 0.1609
21 0.55136

× 20(T)]

Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
22

× 20(T)]

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
23

× 20(T)]

Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
24

× 20(T)]

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
25

× 20(T)]

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
26

× 20(T)]

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
27

× 20(T)]

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
28

× 20(T)]

Remaining Parts

Total

APPENDIX EC

Energy: End of Life Potential - Breakdown by Part

No Part Name Material End of Life CO2
(EoF) (kg)
Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm : Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.045
1
Recycle -0.045
1 alloy)
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.46

2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1
alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1

alloy)

230

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.46
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2
Recycle -0.46
alloy)
Recycle -0.46
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3 Recycle -0.46

alloy) Recycle -0.46

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.46
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4
Recycle -0.46
alloy)
Recycle -0.46
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5 Recycle -3.7
Recycle -3.7
alloy) Recycle -0.017
Recycle -0.017
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.017
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6 Recycle -0.017
Recycle -0.017
alloy) Recycle -0.017
Recycle -0.017
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.045
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7
Recycle -0.045
alloy)
Recycle -0.045
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8 Recycle -0.045

alloy) Recycle -0.045

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low Recycle -0.045
11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm
Recycle -0.045
alloy)
Recycle -0.045
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low -5.09
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm -12.109

alloy)

13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
21

× 20(T)]

Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
22

× 20(T)]

Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
23

× 20(T)]

Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
24

× 20(T)]

Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
25

× 20(T)]

Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
26

× 20(T)]

Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
27

× 20(T)]

Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
28

× 20(T)]

Remaining Parts

Total

231

APPENDIX F

Water usage: Breakdown for the Highest-Contributing Parts

Water: Material - Breakdown by Parts

No. Part Name Material Total Mass Water
(kg) (Litters)
Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 2.1
1 0.3cm: 1 4.1
alloy) 2.1
4.1
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 0.35
2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1 100
0.35
alloy) 100
0.35
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 100
0.35
alloy) 100
0.35
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 100
0.35
alloy) 100
0.35
5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 100
0.35
alloy) 100
2.8
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 140
2.8
alloy) 0.012 140
0.012 0.62
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 0.012 0.62
alloy) 0.012 0.62
0.012 0.62
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 0.012 0.62
0.012 0.62
alloy) 0.012 0.62
0.034 0.62
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 1.7
alloy) 0.034
1.7
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 0.034
1.7
alloy) 0.034
1.7
11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 0.034
alloy) 1.7
0.034
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel, Low 1.7

alloy)

13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
21 Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
22 Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy

23 Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm
(D)] × 20(T)]

24 Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm
(D)] × 20(T)]

25 Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm
(D)] × 20(T)]

26 Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm
(D)] × 20(T)]

232

27 Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm Steel, Low alloy 0.034 1.7
(D)] × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
0.034 1.7
28 Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm 3.837 189.9
(D)] × 20(T)] 12.968 1106.76
Remaining Part

Total

233

APPENDIX G

Cost: Breakdown for the Highest-Contributing Parts

Cost: Material - Breakdown by Parts

No. Part Name Material Total Mass Cost
(kg) (USD)
1 Platform HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.1 1.20
Low alloy)
2.1 1.20
2 Closet HAMP: 30 cm × 30 cm × 0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
0.35 0.20
Low alloy)
0.35 0.20
3 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 1 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
0.35 0.20
Low alloy)
0.35 0.20
Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
4 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 2 0.35 0.20

Low alloy) 0.35 0.20

5 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 3 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.35 0.20

Low alloy) 0.35 0.20

Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 2.8 1.70
6 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 4
2.8 1.70
Low alloy) 0.012 0.0073
0.012 0.0073
7 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 5 Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.012 0.0073
0.012 0.0073
Low alloy) 0.012 0.0073
0.012 0.0073
Mild Steel Plate (Steel, 0.012 0.0073
8 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 6 0.012 0.0073
0.034 0.020
Low alloy)
0.034 0.020
9 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 7 Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
0.034 0.020
Low alloy)
0.034 0.020
Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
10 Bracket HAMP 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm: 8 0.034 0.020

Low alloy) 0.034 0.020

11 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
Low alloy)

Mild Steel Plate (Steel,
12 Frame :2 5cm × 30cm × 0.3cm

Low alloy)

13 Nut :1 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

14 Nut :2 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

15 Nut :3 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

16 Nut :4 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

17 Nut :5 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

18 Nut :6 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

19 Nut :7 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

20 Nut :8 [0.6cm (H) × 1.5 (D)] Steel, Low alloy

Bolt 1 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
21 × 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
Bolt 2 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy
22 Steel, Low alloy
Steel, Low alloy
× 20(T)]
Bolt 3 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)]
23 × 20(T)]
Bolt 4 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)]
24

× 20(T)]
Bolt 5 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)]
25 × 20(T)]
Bolt 6 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)]
26

× 20(T)]

234

27 Bolt 7 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] Steel, Low alloy 0.034 0.020
× 20(T)] Steel, Low alloy
0.034 0.020
28 Bolt 8 [3.8cm (L) × 0.6cm (H) × 0.9cm (D)] 3.837 2.483
× 20(T)] 12.968 7.6184
Remaining Part USD 1.00
RM30.56
Total

United State (US) Dollar 2018

Ringgit Malaysia (RM) 2018 = RM 3.97

235

APPENDIX HA

Energy Usage: Summary for 28 Parts of Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP) as
Mould for BP Biocomposite

APPENDIX HB

“Carbon Dioxide” (CO2) footprint: Summary for 28 Parts Analysed for Hot Air
Moulding Template (HAMP) as Mould for BP Biocomposite

236

APPENDIX IA

Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP) Model Checker A

Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP) Model Checker A

No. Check Error 1 Error 2 Error 3 Fix

1 M1: Small Element - curves 000

2 M1: Small Element - surfaces 000

3 M1: Small Element - faces 000

4 M2: Identical Element - curves 000

5 M2: Identical Element - surfaces 000

6 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - curves 000

7 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - surfaces 000

8 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - faces 000

9 M3b: Tangential Discontinuity - curves 000

10 M3b: Tangential Discontinuity - surface boundaries 5 5 0✓

11 M3c: Curvature Discontinuity - curves 000

12 M3c: Curvature Discontinuity - surface boundaries 0 0 0

13 M4: High Polynomial Degree - curves 000

14 M4: High Polynomial Degree - surfaces 000

15 M5: Wavy Element - curves 000

16 M5: Wavy Element - surfaces 000

17 M6: Small distance between Knot Vectors - curves 0 0 0

18 M6: Small distance between Knot Vectors - surfaces 0 0 0

19 C7: Self-Intersecting Curves 000

20 D28: Non IGES-Compliant Text 00 0
21 SU8: Small Edge Segment 20 12 0✓
22 SU9: Small Radius of Curvature 16 8 0✓
23 SU10: Small Angle between Edges 22 0✓

24 SU11: Reversal of Normal 000

26 SU13: Unoccupied Patch Rows 000

27 F14: Small Distance between Edges 000

28 F16: Non-Parallel Path / Dissimilar Orientation 0 0 0

29 F17: High Edge Segment Concentration 18 10 0

30 T18: More than Two Surfaces per Edge 000

31 T19: Dissimilar Normal Orientation 000

32 T20: Knife Edge 000

33 SO21: High Vertex-Edge Deviation 000

34 SO22: High Vertex-Surface Deviation 00 0
35 SO23: Feature Without History 22 14 0✓

36 SO24: Auxiliary Geometry 000

37 SO25: Cavity 000

237

38 SO26: Multi-Body Solid 000
39 SO27: Multi-Solid Part 000

APPENDIX IB

Development of Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP) Model Checker B

Development of Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP) Model Checker B

No. Check Error 1 Error 2 Error 3 Fix

1 M1: Small Element - curves 000

2 M1: Small Element - surfaces 000

3 M1: Small Element - faces 000

4 M2: Identical Element - curves 000

5 M2: Identical Element - surfaces 000

6 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - curves 000

7 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - surfaces 000

8 M3a: Positional Discontinuity - faces 000

9 M3b: Tangential Discontinuity - curves 000

10 M3b: Tangential Discontinuity - surface boundaries 8 8 0✓

11 M3c: Curvature Discontinuity - curves 000

12 M3c: Curvature Discontinuity - surface boundaries 0 0 0

13 M4: High Polynomial Degree - curves 000

14 M4: High Polynomial Degree - surfaces 000

15 M5: Wavy Element - curves 000

16 M5: Wavy Element - surfaces 000

17 M6: Small distance between Knot Vectors - curves 0 0 0

18 M6: Small distance between Knot Vectors - surfaces 0 0 0

19 C7: Self-Intersecting Curves 000

20 D28: Non IGES-Compliant Text 000

21 SU8: Small Edge Segment 000

22 SU9: Small Radius of Curvature 000
23 SU10: Small Angle between Edges 2 2 0✓

24 SU11: Reversal of Normal 000

25 SU12: Poor Patch Distribution 000

26 SU13: Unoccupied Patch Rows 000

27 F14: Small Distance between Edges 000

28 F16: Non-Parallel Path / Dissimilar Orientation 0 0 0

29 F17: High Edge Segment Concentration 000

30 T18: More than Two Surfaces per Edge 000

31 T19: Dissimilar Normal Orientation 000

32 T20: Knife Edge 000

238

33 SO21: High Vertex-Edge Deviation 00 0
34 SO22: High Vertex-Surface Deviation 00 0
35 SO23: Feature Without History 26 14 0✓
36 SO24: Auxiliary Geometry 00 0
37 SO25: Cavity 00 0
38 SO26: Multi-Body Solid 00 0
39 SO27: Multi-Solid Part 00 0

239

APPENDIX JA

Basic Material Properties for Mild Steel Plate (MPS)

240

APPENDIX JB

Basic Material Properties of “Polyvinyl Alcohol” (PVA) Solution

241

242

243

244

245

246

APPENDIX KA

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “saccharum
officinarum” A and Graph Temperature Movement using Industrial Oven Dried
Machine

APPENDIX KB

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “saccharum
officinarum” B, and Graph Temperature Movement using Industrial Oven Dried
Machine

247

APPENDIX KC

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “saccharum
officinarum” C and Graph Temperature Movement using Industrial Oven Dried
Machine

248

APPENDIX LA

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “saccharum
officinarum” A and Graph Temperature Movement using Ceramic Kiln
Chamber

APPENDIX LB

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “Saccharum
officinarum” B, and Graph Temperature Movement using Ceramic Kiln
Chamber

249

APPENDIX LC

Table of Curing Experiment Result for BP Biocomposite Board “Saccharum
officinarum” C and Graph Temperature Movement using Ceramic Kiln
Chamber

250

APPENDIX MA

Exploded Technical Drawing View of Hot Air Moulding Template (HAMP)

APPENDIX MB

Exploded Technical Drawing View of Development Hot Air Moulding Template
(HAMP)

251

APPENDIX MC

The Dimension Drawing of Bagasse and Pith (BP) Coaster 1:2 sizes

252

AUTHOR’S PROFILE

Shahril bin Safian, has completed the Master Of Art and Design – AD750,
accompanied by the scope of Industrial Design (Interdisciplinary Study) under the
Faculty of Art & Design, specializing in design, material and manufacturing process
through the technical line. In additions, he is a graduated from Bachelor of Art &
Design (Industrial Design) with Honour under UiTM brand and he also a research
assistant under the sponsorship of the Geran Insentif Penyeliaan (GIP).

During his Master’s degree, he also developed a remanufacturing technique
called Hot Air moulding template (HAMP). The main purpose of his study was to
replace existing techniques such as using hot press machine and he had used the
Ceramic Kiln Chamber as the curing process for manufacturing Bagasse and Pith (BP)
from “saccharum officinarum” biocomposite block.

In addition, he also undertook research at this Master’s degree and co-
organised with two different faculties namely, the Faculty of Art & Design, and the
Faculty of Applied Science for one year. However, during his studies at bachelor
level, such as using bending technology on the mild steel plate and also manufacturing
veneer using the banana trunk the surface of furniture such as table, under FRIM’s
practical UiTM program.

To this end, he also hoped that the industrial design and material science could
be applied or expanded into the education sector, especially as a core subject to the
UiTM bumiputra students. Additional, by 2025 the industry’s manufacturing and
industrial design will continue to grow as quoted from Tun Dr Mahathir Mohammad,
referring to Saieed, (2018).

“While Malaysia has abundant natural resources and has diversified to the services sector, it is the
manufacturing sector that has played a key role in turning Malaysia into major player in the in the
global value chain apart from rapidly turning the country into an industrialized nation”.

Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad, The Star Online, 31 October 2018, Saieed, (2018).

253

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Notes:

• Sugarcane Bagasse and Pith (BP) Biocomposite Based Consumer Product
Design, Shahril Safian, Mohammad Azroll Ahmad, Shahril Anuar Bahari,
Oskar Hasdinor Hassan & Haszlin Shaharudin, 2018, Patent office, MA,
Patent number: LY2018004167, Application number 600-RIBU(IP.5/2/3/CP)

• A Conceptual Framework of Design and Material Process of Bagasse in
Furniture Application, Shahril Safian, Mohammad Azroll Ahmad, Shahril
Anuar Bahari & Oskar Hasdinor Hassan 2017/7/12, Conference 4th
International Conference on Science, The Pines Hotel Melaka, Malaysia, 33,
Jalan Tun Sri Lanang, 75100 Melaka, Malaysia, Volume 2018, 1-8

• Development of the BANAWood Composite Veneer, S.Safian, Z. Romli and A.
H. Salleh, 2016/7, Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM)

• Technology How Advertisement Work to Beat the Games, S.Safian & Wan
Mohd Yusof, 2016/1/3, Universiti Teknologi MARA UiTM Shah Alam

Work Profile

• Research Assistant, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Faculty of Art & Design
(FSSR) Department of Industrial Design, (Collaboration Project with Faculty
Applied Science Biocomposite Program (FSG) and Department of Ceramic
Industrial Design)

• Internship with Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM) I-Mechatronic
(January- February 2016), Freelance project with customized activated
carbon plan 3D and technical process

Grant:

• Geran Insentif Penyeliaan (GIP), 600-IRMI/ MyRA 5/3/GIP (079/2017),
Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), RM 20,000.00.

254