Notes-Apocalypse-Revelation-David-Steele-320

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]STOTES

ON

OCALYPSE;

WITH

CO.V'l'AININa DISSICIITATIONS ON SOME OF T H E
AlOCALYi'TXC SY3IIiOLS,

TOaETHBR WfTH

ANIMABYERSIONS OX T H E INTERPRETATIONS OF SEVE-
U A L AMONG T H E MOST L E A R N E D A N D APPROVED
EXPOSITORS OF BRITAIN AND AMERICA.

BY DAVID S T E E L E , Sr.,

Pastor of tlio Bofonnca Presbyterian Congregation, PUlladelpbia.

PHILADELPHIA:
Y O U N G & F E R G U S O N , N o . 14 S O U T H S E V E N T H S T .

18Î0.

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m

TO T H E

REV. J O H N C U N N I N G H A M , LL.D.,

Missionary from the Reformed Presbyterian, Ohurch to the Jews in
London, England.

REV, AND VEKY DEAR FRIEND AND BROTHER:—
A l t h o u g h we are " s e p a r a t e d upon the wall, one

far from the other," we are not altogether precluded
from mutual salutation. Placed by our Master on
two hemispheres, between which the electric current
bears frequent tidings, our respective positions are
advantageous for noting the events of providence.
These constitute the signs of the times, and are the
counterpart of prophecy. Prophecy and providence
reflect light upon each other, and both are helpful
to the interpretation of each; but H e alone who is
the " W o n d e r f u l C o u n s e l l o r , " c a n cause us to under¬
stand either.

In submitting the following work to the public, I
v e n t u r e to d o 80 u n d e r y o u r a u s p i c e s , i f n o t u n d e r
the sanction of your name. A n d I embrace the pre¬
sent occasion, R e v . Sir, to bear willing testimony to
your acknowledged scholarship,—your profound eru¬
dition, especially in Natural Science and Philology.
I do also cheerfully and j o y f u l l y recognise y o u as a
public witness; and at the present time of general

d e f e c t i o n , a s a n o f f i c i a l a n d consistent w i t n e s s i n t h e

British Isles for the integrity of our Covenanted

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DEDICATION.
development is destinea w _

tained and comforted by the pro

P H I L A D E L P H I A , February 1st, 1 8 T 0 .

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‫״ ״‬f tbp most sublime and
T H E Apocalypse ^ ^ , ^ " ^ j f ^ ^ ^ r e C n t e d for human
wonderful dramatic e x h ^ i o n s p ^ ^ ^^^^^^^ ^.^^

contemplation. ^ " ^ ^ ' ^ ' ; ' ^ ' ; ‫ ״ ״ ן ^ ״‬to the devout and

thentic history ^ ^ f ^ ^ ^ f ^ t o ' God, angels and
intelligent reader, its divine or^gi ^^^^^^ ^^^.^^.^^
men, are the principal actors M e n
^^^^

‫ ״‬. a y find « ^ ^ . - . f ^ ^ ^ ‫ ״‬V a v e d u^^^^^

higher principle, many bave .^^^ contents.

to^ttempt a f ^ ^ ^ ^ J / ΐ ,^pernltural revelation in

W h a t is true, however, f / . ^ P f b ^ o k : - - ' ' T h e natural

general, is equally r u e ^ ^ t ^ ^ ^ ^^..^^^

‫"ב‬ he know t l e m ! because they are spirit-

pensable : — , ç ^ ^ t may be termed
^ 1. A c o m p e t e n t k n o w l e d g e o t ‫ג‬,^^^^^,^^

unity of the Divine N a t u r e , ^ intercession of

in t i e Godhead ; , * ^ ^ ^ J ^ ^ ^ n d renovation of human

C h r i s t ; t h e t o t a l «^^Ρ^^^^^^^^^^^^ retribution, etc.

n a t u r e ; t h e / e s u r r e c t i o n a n d tn^^^^^

2. Acquaintance with symbolic

only language common to all men

I r S y with the typical dispensation, from

J Ä o f tie symbols are taken.

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6 PREFACE.

4. Freedom from all political bias.
No expositor of the Apocalypse appears 0 have
possessed all these qualifications, however few and
S e The n,ost learned and judicious interpreters
ofthis book have been divines of Britam and of the

" ^ Î f t t many laborers employed in this harvest

the r ader m a y V s k , - W h a t remains to be gleaned?

To this inquiry, it may be sufficient to remind the

l e v o t t ih^istiin, that'as the Apocalypse is the end

of the Bible, so "the harvest 18 the end of the

wor d - and during the intermediate time "the Lord

:^heharvest i s s e n d i n g forth laborer." Prop^^^^^^^^^

has engaged the attention and occupied the thoughts

of t h e ' w r l t e r , more o r less, for the last thirty years

He has consulted the views of most "

iuished and approved interpreters of the book of

Revelation; among whom the following are named,

S Isaac and Bishop Newton, Durham,

FlemZ Gill, Whitaker, Kelt, Galloway, Faber

fcoü Mason, McLeod; and many others: from all

u 1 1 > W , b p has derived much instruction; and

T r o m a n 07whom re t s been obliged in i m p o r t a n t

^ ‫ ״‬T Î l m m r d L \ e occasion of this undertaking,
was the urgent request of the people of his charge
Tat the suitance of a course of lectures delivered
in ordinary Sabbath ministrations, might be put

Into a more permanent form, for their future edifi-

I^'the early centuries of the Christian era so
^ild^ enthusiastic and corrupt were the men s
0Ï some Millenarians, that this book ceased in
great measure to be read or studied ; and even ^ts.
divine authority came to be question d by many
learned and pious m e n . A3 the "Dark Ages at

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PREFACE.

r r p o f a l y p s e was v i e ^ d with suspici^^^^ a^s to its

t Z l S ^ l ^ i ^ e ^ ^ e r , and douU ,

as ertion, that even the great ^^^form r L u A ^

T v T m e s ' W i f h Characteristic boldness he wrote

i s follows'—" T h e epistle of James hath nothing

S a l in it I do not consider it the writing

evangelical in it. 1 ao i^es justification

other sacred writers. . · · , ‫״‬-‫צ‬ ‫־‬R‫״‬r more

a p o s t o l i c or p r o p h e t i c a l , . . ^ ' ? ^ ^ ; , ' ‫ ״‬C h r i s t i s

reason for m e not to esteem it h»gWy‫^׳‬bat Christ 1

' Z n T i t ^ t L l : ' : H o wgreat the in‫־‬r‫־‬a‫־־‬

»'ÄVSgfoTrs ‫ ־ ־‬declared ‫ ־ י‬, ‫־ ״‬

d i v i n e i u t h o r , i ‫ ־‬, ‫ ״‬to Λ ο ‫ ״‬u n t o h , s ‫ ־‬e r v a ‫ ־‬t ‫ ־‬t h ‫״‬gs

"the patience and the faith o f the saints D u r m g
that protracted period, the witnesses could^neither

terwards became coavinced of lals error.

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*(Ρ g PREFACE.

taow their duty ‫״‬or ‫־«־‬t.iu their allotted trials

I t ^>uJ tro. which t ‫;; ״ ״‬-‫״‬,‫"״־‬,ar‫״‬

.hoL thi‫״‬g‫ ־‬tfVX‫״‬tr(‫"״‬,*hr'i‫״‬s.ru‫־‬tlo‫ ״‬a‫״‬d

S-rÄrh^^cha^e^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Sminous. Thu9 the interpretation given, if correct,
may be confirmed and illustrated

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NOTES ON T H E APOCALYPSE.

T H E h e a v e n s a n d t h e e a r t h d i d ^‫ ^סג‬make t h e m -

r‫־‬5:rX1;‫־‬v‫־‬,.'io‫״«״‬ot,»‫^־‬agto‫־‬o‫^־״״״‬

,,>,i,I‫״‬al b‫־‬i‫״‬g» .tl‫^״‬t there •‫״״‬t',?"‫־‬rl.*‫״‬-e»,

accountability to a supenov, he '^'^‫|_ ^^'^'״‬

t o b G ‫ ״‬i n h i s n a r r a t i v e so abruptly, ".^"°^r^^_

earth." Thus God's being, and the eternity of his
!2

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m NOTES ON

l , a d a ‫ « ע ק‬- 0 ‫ ף‬r e v e l a t i o n m th^^^^^ ^^^^

n10ralco‫״‬st1tut10n,-1nthev1s1^
the same is true «f^^he last booK

Apocalypse. It . , ' ^ " ' , f e ' d ‫ ״‬g books of the

compétent knowledge of P - c f mg^^^^

sacred Scriptures ^ - ^ ^ U d Mosaic dispensa-

qü uoani sn ot efdt hweiCt ho vt heen aPn'^^t ^o^f^J'^GSrj'a':c e . . JM o r e o ve r , the m^ hoe-
J

, a l law, ' ^ ^ ^ ^ f ‫ ״‬f / ‫ ^ ״ ; ״‬i L t r y as being " s h a d o w s

Levitical PJ^^^^^^^^^^^^Î^^Ïhe^: doctrine according

of good things t o ^ ' ^ T ® ; , ' ‫״״״״״‬13 and epistles of

to godliness," taught ^ ^ , . ^ ^ ι ^ δ χ ^ ο Τ granted and

, , , ^ ^ e w I'estamei.,^^^^^^ ,

S ï f u l d V Ï f i t by this last book of the s^acre^.a-

non. ‫״‬
; i‫ ־‬farther assumed i 1 ^

ha, mk n, bolw‫ ־‬l iendqguei r eorf a• "n«c ^^ nn t' i ht es t‫צ‬o . y ^ ootf tth e e h l r a e t e r a n d

d e s t i n y 01 E g y p t , ‫ · ״ " • " ״ ' ? * ־ ג נ‬. ; the mind

, e q a i s i t e t h a t the ‫^^^^^^^^^״^ ־ ״ ״ ״ ־‬ symbols;

‫״‬f God be - V ‫ ״‬f ; t T ‫ ־‬V e s , ‫ ־‬d ? ‫ ״‬U h the inspired

Ä h M ‫ ־‬t i ‫ ״‬P»‫־‬i'‫^״»־‬
‫־״‬Äifhts:1r;Sin>i‫־‬arie‫־‬.«,pr«‫־־‬ed:-

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THE APOCALYPSE. 15

C H A P T E R I.

1 The Bevelation of Jesus Christ, which God gave unto

w Z b i î ‫ ״‬- ‫ ־ ־‬o r a or the w o r d ot G o d and of the t e s l i .

Λ ‫ ״‬propVee?, ‫־‬nd keep those things which ..‫ ־י‬w n u e n

therein; for the time is at hand. \

Verses 1-3.—Here, our divine Mediator appears

in the continued exercise ot^.his prophetical oft ce

‫ ״‬i n his estate of exaltation.- While present with

his disciples on earth, he told them he had m a n y

I n g s to say to them, but they could not hear the u

heru (John xvi. 12 ) U p o n his ascension he ful¬

filled h s o w n a n d h i s F a t h e r ' s p r o m i s e i n s e n d i n g

the H o l y Spirit to guide them into all t r u t h - b r i n g

ail things to their remembrance, and show them

Ζ g to come. ( v . 1 3 . ) T h e f u l f i l m e n t ot t h i s p r o ¬

mise we have in the whole of the N e w T e s t a m e n t , -

doctrines, facts and predictions. ‫׳׳‬

‫ ״‬Jesus s a i d , - " O f mine own-self I can do nothing.

(V 3 0 . ) T h e s a m e i s t r u e o f h i s t e a c h i n g s a s o f Ins

works • - " T h e words that I speak unto you, 1 speak

not of myself, (xiv. 10.) In all that " J e s u s began

b o t h to d o a n d t o t e a c h , " ( A c t s 1. 1,) h e was_ i n ¬

structed by his Father. These things are all ρ ainly

i m p l i e d i n t h e first v e r s e . I n d e e d , t h e o f f i c i a l act¬

ings of the three Persons in the Godhead had been

frequently taught b y Christ during the t,me of his

pe?so‫״‬al minisfvy; and they ^ ^ f ^ ^^^‫־‬

quently recorded by the beloved disciple han by any

other evangelist, in that gospel which still bears this

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NOTES ON
16

Thus it appears that although this

a p o s t l e ' s n a i i a e . ‫ ״‬T h u s ^^^^^^^^^ h is

book is called a " ^^/^/'^^'^ ^ revelation "which

‫״‬ot the ultimate authoi. 1 ^ ,

G o d gave unto him. r^^^^ r e a d e r i s

dersttnd the P^^Bon the i amer ^ ,‫״‬atu-

trhaul sr ecvoenl ad tui co tne d- t h ef e^t e i n af ^l .p^n ;Ρ^^^^^^ G o ^d^.^'^( H e h • i•

1 2.) T h e object of the j n o i e ^ redemption,

,vliole B i b l e by tbe n a m e ‫»•״‬ ‫״‬, .^,ay of emi-
'consider that th,s hool‫־‬ Aathor

‫ ״ ״‬e e . Donbtless it •‫ ; » ־‬, ^ f woÎe tL"n-fut‫״‬re, an,l

b e c a u s e i t ree v e a l s e v e n t s w h i c n w o .aeacity.

w h i c h CO ^^^^
B u t tills holds equally true 0

Scriptures, especially those pa ^^^^^^ ‫״‬

tical. It m a y ^ e ^ h a t this boo . ^ ^ ^^,^^

l y p s e " because of t^e opposit 0 .^^ ^

counter from Antichrist, as a^BoD ^^^^^^

l a r a n d i n t e n d e d u s e to a p e c u l i a r p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

i n s Christians. A s on the ‫־־ י"^״‬-‫־‬g‫״‬j,i‫״‬st her en-

^ h i c h , and too m a n y who p m ^ e s ^ ^ ^ ,

Christ from reading this

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THE APOCILVPSE. ‫דו‬
r'

it h a s b e e n o t s i n g u l a r u s e t o o t h e r s i n s t r e n g t h e n i n g

; i S V n d ^'^f^C:^:‫׳‬S:^li ot tbe

S:‫־‬C/»r=Äir:aTy^d?:

" t e s t i m o n y o f J / s u s Lhrist ^^^^^^^,^

o l o g y . ( S e e c h a p t e r s 1. 9 ; v i . 9 , x u . •^‫י י‬

' ^ L o g n i s i n g the inspired rule of ^ ^ ^ ? ^ ^ ^ ^

i n h e r p e r p ^ e x i t y , tp a p p y t h e la^^^^^^^

? C i r : S l e ^ e t g ‫ ״‬r an'Ä:.r?‫־‬culcat‫־‬a in the

H e w Testament. (Heb. v.. 1-0 5 ‫ ״‬f ‫ ״‬, t„

jSÄrat'Ä^^^^^^ ‫י־"־‬

‫ ״‬l a w " was exhibited as an appendiK ‫־ * נ‬

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KOTKS ON
IS

the land of Egypt,

This was';the doing 0 h Loid,

o f J e s u s C h r i s t . A n a s o 111^ 1^^^ preface

c l o u s t r u t h t o u s a t t h e Wf^fJ^J^ liJ^od is

to the T e n Commandments teaohethus

on all such as , j ji^jg prophecy,

„hich are wvtten " \ ' ‫ ' ' ' י‬. ™ ™ , J , l p ‫ ״‬c a l y p ä e i i U

Λ ,0.,‫ ־״‬r‫־־‬ai‫־״‬ ; t s p ? n d e d ‫ ״ ״‬u ..he

'‫״‬f ?he%roph‫־־‬y ‫ ־‬t . * - ‫ ״ ' ^ ־‬f , ‫ ״‬4 '^^( Λ pvo'pheey,

, a ‫ ״ ״‬, ‫ ־‬violent a.. . g ‫ ״‬o ‫ ״ ״‬t 0 ρ Ρ - ‫™ ״‬

, . « . * 0 1;>‫״‬It, „„„fort it was given,
for whose speeiaUlnection an 1 ^

While the · · . ‫ ״ ־ ״‬of ™ ‫ י‬7 ^ ‫ ^ ־‬1 ^ ; ‫ ״ ז‬general, the
the church of the l.ght of the JI.OLO g

g , . ‫ ־‬a t " A ‫ ״‬t l ‫ ־‬h m t ‫ ־‬- ^ " ' f j » ™ ^ of tl'e former is,

i Ê . r ‫ ׳‬K h l " Î - t h / h : i d V o f the people will gene.

/

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THE APOCALYPSE. 19

rate of * ‫ ' ־ ' ־‬. ^ ; - 1 \ 1 ? , ^ ‫ ' ־‬A

"hard to be understood as « uni 0 ^y
revelation, - d yet unintelhgibk.^ 1^^^^

nearly a contradiction, buch^senu

o f ^ " r : l t ' ‫ ״ ־‬d ‫ ־‬% ‫ ״ ־ ־‬Γ Moses "endnred

: . ^ v r r r h V % f r^^^^^^^ ,

it be tendered b y Papist i'relate or r

r g l ^ Ä & f i f e i t thespecial blessing

here promised. .

4. .,ohn.to the .even ^ ' ‫ ־ < ־ ״‬- ‫ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ' י‬l Ä ^ w « ,
S a - Ä " ; S A f i u d S o S h l seven Spirits which are

n°AÏ^\r1uot.1..^jh^ and his

Ä,th^"‫״‬Ätt.'Ä -‫יי‬
our sins i n his oyf^ihlooa,

, ,A e ^ Î w Î o S Î g î o r ^ Ä i o u
Amen.

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20 NOTES ON

V s 4 - 6 — H e r e we have the customary saluta¬

tion, 'addressed to the churches of A*ia_ M i n o r .

M a n y other churches had been ^g^^^J^d in other

p a r t s o f t h e e a r t h at t h i s d a t e ; (A.D. 9 6 : ) b u t t h e

special reason why John saluted these seven arid

addressed an epistle to each, would seem to be his

vicinity to them in the place of his present sojourning,

and probably his personal acquaintance with them in

the exercise of his ministry among them, (v. 11.)

H i s prayer for these churches is substantially the

‫ ז‬a m e ^ s ^ h a t prefixed to most of Paul's epistles. ,

G r a c e a n d p e a c e a r e i n s e p a r a b l e 1n_ t h e d m n e ar¬

rangement. " T h e r e is no peace, saith m y G o d , to

the wicked. (Isa. Ivii. 21.) •

T h e solitary pilgrim in his placie of banishment,

contemplating the Abrahamic covenant and reahzing

that grace and that peace in which he desires his fel¬

low disciples to share, sets before us the three old

s o u r c e w h e n c e t h e s e d i v i n e i n f l u e n c e s flow, i i r s t ,

" f r o m him which is, and w h i c h was, a n d Avhich is to

c o m e ; " a description of G o d the F a t h e r , whose per¬

sonal subsistence has priority m the Godhead and

who occupies the like priority m voluntary relation¬

ship and economic standing. F r o m the I ather per¬

sonally, as the representative of T r i n i t y , we have

seen (in v e r s e 1,) t h i s b o o k e m a n a t e d ; a n d n o w f r o m

the same we are taught that ''grace and peace

come to fallen man. Second, John's prayer here,

d i f f e r s f r o m P a u l ' s u s u a l f o r m i n t h e b e g i n n i n g 01 h i s

epistles; for P a u l omits the H o l y Spirit, commonly

s a v i n g , - " Grace be to you, and peace from G o d

the Father, and from our L o r d Jesus C h r i s t , " (as in

G a l i . 3.) I n t h i s l a s t b o o k o f S c r i p t u r e we_ h a v e

the co-equal Three introduced as co-operating m the

work of man's redemption. Thus our attention is

directed to the " s e v e n Spirits which are before the

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THE APOCALYPSE. 21

t h r o n e • " b y which we are to understand the H o l y

G Î o s t i n hTs e s s e n t i a l e q u a l i t y w i t h G o d t h e F a t h e r

but in the place of official subordination I h e H o y

S p i r i t i s ole p e r s o n a l l y , b u t seven - ^ " ^ / ^ ^

gifts and graces, with special reference to he seven

churches.'' A n d whereas the divme Spirit, in the

order of his personal subsistence and operation is

mrd her‫״‬e h e ^ c c u p i e s t h e second p l a c e m t h e o r d e r

rre'veîation. Thiid, The special orj^^^^^^^^^

ine the notice of our Saviour to the last place is

doubtless that the " b e l o v e d d i s c i p l e " n^ay ake occa

sion to leave on record an expression of b s ^ d m i r a

t i o n o f t h e M e d i a t o r ' s p e r s o n , o n e o f w h o s e n a m e s 13

" W o n d e r f u l , " (Isa. ix. 6;) and that he might exem¬

plify the ruling principle-of his « f ^ 1^«\^^'‫־־‬

l o v e h i m , b e c a u s e h e first l o v e d u s . (1 J o h n iv^ m )

S o n w h i c h is i n the bosom of the F a t h e r , he hath
i c l a r e d him.'‫( ־‬John i. 18;) " w h o , before Pontiu
S a t e , witnessed a good confession. ‫( ׳‬John xviii 37.)
11(^ i s " t h e first-begotten o f t h e d e a d . H e ü i e a
nn^o s i n T n c e , " as f n expiatory sacrifice to a^^^
the guilt of an elect world. Being a priest lor ever
after the order of M e l c h i z e d e k , " " h e ever liveth to
n S e i n t e r c e s s i o n , " - " death hath no more dominion
o^er h i m , " as it h a d over L a z a r u s and m.any others
X ί came out of the graves after his resurreetmn

(M^^\t x x v i i 5 2 , 5 8 . ) Among all, h e h a s t h e p r e -

& Γ ( 0 0 1 . 1 . 1 8 . H e is '^the Prince of the kings

o f t h e e a r t h . " T h e r e i s n o t m t h e s a c r e d ^,^^xxm^J'

îitle of our Redeemer more full or expressive than
• M s , on his headship or royal office. A i ^ m ^ is of

royal parentage. S u c h is the understanding of man-

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22 NOTES ON

k i n d i n a l l civilized nations. .Toseph i n E g y p t typi-

fled, i n part, the k i n g l y office o f C h r i s t ; a n d Solomon

on the throne of Israel partially typified him i n his

dominion ; butas B a l a a m foretold that he should be

" h i g h e r than A g a g , ' ' ( N u m . x x i v . 7,) so we m a y

say heis higher than J o s e p h , — " A greater than So¬

lomon is here." " P h a r a o h said unto Joseph, Thou

shalt beover my house, and according unto thy word

shall all m y people be ruled : only in the throne will I

be greater than thou." W h e n the F a t h e r says to the

Son, " T h y throne, 0 G o d , is forever and ever,'' (Ps.

x l v . 6,) this is consistent w i t h " e x c e p t i n g h i m that d i d

put all things under h i m . " (1 Cor. xv. 27.) Although

we are not warranted to say with some, " T h e Father

is the fountain of the Godhead, we may warrantably

a n d b o l d l y s a y , t h e F a t h e r is t h e fountain o f aiitho-

rity. ( J o h n v i . 3 8 . ) T h e d o m i n i o n o f t h e M e d i a t o r

is universal, reaching " f r o m the roofless heaven to

the bottomless hell.'' It is comfortable to the disci-

pies to know this in anticipation of the rise and reign

o f A n t i c h r i s t . H e i s , by t h e a p p o i n t m e n t o f the F a ¬

t h e r " h e a d over a l l t h i n g s , " ( E 1 ) h . i . 2 2 , ) — " a b l e t o

save to the uttermost all that come unto G o d b y him,''

to " c o n s u m e with the spirit of his mouth, and destroy

Avith t h e b r i g h t n e s s o f h i s c o m i n g , t h a t W i c k e d , t h e

M a n of S i n . " (2 Thess. i i . 8.)

In view of the personal dignity a n d mediatorial

dominion of Christ, the apostle gives expression to

h i s a d m i r a , t i o n and w o n d e r a t t h e a m a z i n g l o v e a n d
condescension displayed b y him onbehalf of himself

a n d all o t h e r s , o n w h o m t h a t l o v e w a s fixed‫׳‬from

e v e r l a s t i n g , a n d whose g u i l t a n d p o l l u t i o n Avere t a k e n

aAvay by t h e a t o n i n g a n d c l e a n s i n g b l o o d o f t h e L a m b .
To these saving benefits is to be added the honour

to Avhich the redeemed are advanced as " kings a n d

priests,—a royal priesthood." The living Head is

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THE APOCALYPSE. 23

" a priest upon his throne," (Zech. vi. 13,) and all
the members are assimilated to him. (1 Pet. ii. 5, 9.)

7. Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see
him,\and they also which pierced him; and all kindreds of
the earth shall wail because of him. Even so. Amen.

Verse T.—How animated the language, sublime
the conception, and awe-inspiring the sentiment here !
T i m e is a n n i h i l a t e d ! T h e end i s seen f r o m the be¬
ginning, and a l l eyes are directed to the sovereign
J u d g e o f t h e w o r l d , a s h e c o m e s i n m a j e s t y t o fix t h e
final d e s t i n y o f a l l t h e c h i l d r e n o f A d a m ! T h e s e
have constituted o n l y two classes since.ihe w o r l d be¬
gan. " E v e r y eye shall see him,":,but the eye will
affect the heart very differently. The' hearts of some,
w i t h h o l y J o b , w i l l b e filled w i t h j o y u n s p e a k a b l e ,
(Job xix. 26, 27;)but others, with" mercenary Ba¬
laam, will beinspired with terror and dismay. (Num.
xxiv. 17.) O f them that pierced h i m , " who shall
be able to abide his indignation.? Judas, Caiaphas,
Herod and his men of war; Pontius Pilate, and a l l
who have consented to thecounsel and deed of them,
" m u s t appear before his judgment seat." " A l l kin¬
dreds of the earth," covering aU the combinations
of " A n t i c h r i s t " during the definite period of twelve
hundred and sixty years, " s h a l l wail because of him,"
(Rev. xiv. 10, 11.) Assured of theequity of Mes-
s l a b ' s j u d g m e n t , t h e a p o s t l e , i n t h e e x e r c i s e o f "_ l i k e
precious faith with a l l them that believe," subjoins
his hearty a s s e n t , — " E v e n so, A m e n : ' ' " S o let all
thine enemies perish, 0 L o r d . " Doubtless t h ede¬
sign of the Holy Spirit i n this verse is to furnish
ground of encouragement to those who were to be
engaged i n the protracted conflict with the powers
0f°darknes3 foreshadowed i n the prophecy of this
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come, Ibc Alüiiglity- ,

V e v . 8 . - T h ‫ ־‬same divine person to ‫זי‬1<»‫ י״‬t h e

a p l a o d i r e c . the t,oxolo,y i n the 6 v«se, .s • ‫ ״‬- .

: î : ? m ‫ ו ז‬t ™ ί ^ \ n ^ o : ' : ί ; f ‫ ־ ־‬. ^ H ‫ ־‬deserves, ^ ^

s e l f h e r e i n t h e very words ^ύnά^ i n *1^6 4111 v e r s e

Γ 0 et d b ‫ " ״‬a m i g l i t j " to exeento the purposes

‫ ־‬J S a , b e ; ‫ " ־‬p e r f e c t l y V'^^^f ' ‫״‬ llX

J‫״‬d‫״‬e of the‫ ״‬i r l d . A n dm the great ‫ ״ ־‬d ^ ' ‫^ י *י ־‬

‫ ״‬e v ° e r y t o n g u e n , ‫ ־ ״‬t c o n f e s s t h a t h e >‫ ־‬L o " l . ^ »

til S:L"hoSr'!‫״‬:d. aïï'lUe, l i d re^r^d,

and for the testimony of Jesus Christ.

V e r . 9 . - A g a i n , the inspired writer addresses the

C h r i s t i a n s in Isia, a c q u a i n t i n g t h e m v e r y bri^^^^^^^^^^

s i m p l y w i t h h i s p r e s e n t l o c a l s i t u a t i o n , ; n o t so m u c n
t o m o v e t h e i r s y m p a t h y w i t h h i m , as t o e x p r e s s h i s

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THE APOCALYPSE. 25

. ‫ ״‬. ‫ ״ י‬, ‫ ״ ״‬I amyour brother,

unabated affection for t h ^ • „ | ^^^^ , ‫״‬1ike

and companion i n tribdai^^^^^ brethren " t h e

afflictions were . ^ ° ° ‫ ^ ^ ד ״ ך‬3 ^ ‫ י‬- only " s o m e of them

D e v i l w a s p e r m i t t e d t o ^^^^^^,^JJohn utters

i n t o p r i s o n . " ^^^^V l e s s m a n i f e s t s a n y r e s e n m e n ^ ,

not a word, much less π t is

against the persecutor. H e was ,^^^^

S u e d P a t m o s : : ' - h u t ‫ ץ‬does not say ^

there. Historians tell us tnai ue ^

K t i a n , the R o m a n e m P - o r other^ sa^^^^^

b u t t h e f o r m e r is ‫ ך ״ ״‬P^^^^f^^^' Jong a n u m b e r o f

v e r b i a l l y b a r r e n ^ I t ^'^''^^ll^^^^ t i e M e d i t e r r a -

islands i n tke ^ ^ ^ Z . l T ^ C l l Europe and Asia,

r ^ T m Ä m^^^ of thechurches here

^ ' S l r o u n d of c o n t r o v e r s y be^een J o h n a ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

p e r l c u U - s w a s ^ t h ^ w o r d of G o d ^ ^ ^ ^ 2.)

k J e s u s C h r i s t . / ^ ^ * ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ 7 u ^•as t h e c a u s e of

" T h i s , " s a y m o s t , ^ ' ' P ? ^ ^ f^^^ language con-

J o h n ' s b a n i s h m e n t . i '"3 ' ° a n d an occasion.

S s t h e d i f f e r e n c e etw^^^^^ bis e‫״‬e-

• J o h n h a d g i v e n no « a u « « t °

mies. T h etrue cause their , ^ , , ! „ , o n y of

hatred the " word o t G o ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ earnestly,

Jesus Christ.' ^ ‫ ־ י ״‬, ^ χ ^ ^ ^ ΐ as P a u l and others
as J u d e e n j m n e d ; v e ^ 3 . ) J ‫ ן‬of

^ e r e " b o l d ^^J^'^'^Ztn^ (1 Thes. i i . 2.)

God with much contention. between the

It h e r e t h e s t a n d i n g g r o u n d of s t r i f e ^ ^

believer and the infidel, b e t ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^

between the church a n d ttie w ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^j

JagrSvoi‫־‬e,«‫־‬ot.l™‫״‬P‫'־‬.

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Yej. 10 — T h e beloved disciple had often " tasted

the ‫״‬00d word of G o d , " while the bosom-conipanion

of Christ in the time of his rninistry on earth : H i s

"heart burned within h i m . " (Luke xxiv. Espe¬

cially had tliis been his happy experience on tlie

lioly S a b b a t h . N o w that h i s condition is solitary,

b e i L by v i o l e n c e " d r i v e n out f r o m t h e i n h e r i t a n c e

of the L o r d , " ( 1 S a m . x x v i . 1 9 , ) h i s g r a c i o u s M a s t e r

f a v o u r s h i m w i t h a s p e c i a l v i s i t . D i d h e " o t f « y to

his disciples while he was yet with t h e m , - I ^MU

not leave y o u comfortless? I will como to y o u

(John xiv. 18.) T h e Comforter was promised to sup¬

p l y t h e w a n t of t h e S a v i o u r ' s b o d i l y p r e s e n c e , (v. l b , )

Lnd n o w J o h n i s " i n t h e S p i r i t , ' a n d i t is " t h e -

Lord's d a y , " - t h e Christian Sabbath. W e may well

suppose this disciple never was happier, no, not when

he was " l e a n i n g o n J e s u s ' b o s o m . _' H e w o u l d n o t

1,ow e n v y t h e e m p e r o r o r a n y of h i s p e r s e c u t o r s m

all their outward peace and prosperity. H e was in

an e c s t a s y , - " whether in the b o d y or out of t h e

body he c o u l d n o t t e l l : " b u t h i s s o u l w a s s u s c e p t i b l e

of t h e i m p r e s s i o n s of C h r i s t ' s l o v e , a n d ot t h e i n t i -

, n a t i o n s of h i s s o v e r e i g n ^ v i l . ' „ ^ ' ^ U l h u l e ί o m

Abraham the thing which I ( « e n x v n · 17.)

" S u r e l y the Lord G o d will do nothing, but he l e -
vcaleth his secret unto his servants the prophets.
(Amos iii. 7.) John does n o i boast as B a l a a m , — •
- f a l l i n g into a trance, but having his eyes open:
y e t he h e a r d a n d s a w a s d i s t i n c t l y a n d c l e a r l y a s i f
his perceptions had come through the medium of his
bodily ears and eyes. " H e heard behind h.m a great
v o i c e as of a t r u m p e t , " n o t to a l a r m , b u t to e n g a g e
attention.

11. Saying, I am Alpha and Omega; the tot a ‫ ״‬d the last,

and W h a t f l ou seest, write in a book, and send it *;^0

seven cïuîches which are in Asia; unto Ephesus, and unto

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THE APOCALYPSE. 27

is, and u m o ruuu,u<=11i;,‫״‬.‫״‬ 4.:‫״״‬. ν>ΐο ö t p r i ‫ ״״‬A
V.

g‫ ־־״‬the - " ' X t d r‫־־‬7‫־‬d'o «rite and ‫־־‬nd to tb‫־‬

left a n y w r i t i n g s f o r t h e ^"^^^^^f ^«;^ ? , f utera-

whilst others less ^ ^ ^ ^ ß ^ ^ l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ a have filled the

i - a l call from Christ.
(John X X . 8 0 , SI•, XXI• 25.)

‫ו‬

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presented to Iiis v i e ^ γ , - " seven golden candlesticks

I lamp-bearers, in allusion to the goWe‫^^^!^^^״ ״‬

stick with the seven lamps as placed i n the tabernacle.

(Exod. XXV. 81-40.) " I n the midst of the candlesticks

a p p e a r e d one l i k e u n t o t h e S o n o i m a n , ' t h e M e ¬

diator, clothed i n s a c e r d o t a l g a r m e n t s s u p p l y i n g o i l

th^ l i g h t , after t h e e x a m p l e o f A a r o n a n d h i s

sons. ( E x o d . ' x x v i i . 2 0 , 2 1 ) T h e ' ' g - n j e n t ^

signify his mediatorial r1ghteousness,--the golden

g i f d l e ‫ ׳ ׳‬the p r e c i o u s n e s s o f h i s 1 0 v e , ‫ " ״‬h 1 s h e a d a n d

his hairs white like wool," hispurity and eternity,--

" h i s e y e s a s a flame o f fire," h i s o m n i s c i e n c e , b y

^vhich he searches the reins ^ n d hearts and sees the

e n d f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g ; " h i s f e e t l i k e u n t o fine b r a s s

the stability of hisappointments and the excellency

of hisprovidential dispensations,-'; his voice, the

irresisUble energy of hisword to quj.eken, terrify or

destroy at his pleasure. John v. 25, Heb. x u . 2 6 .

" T h e Iharp two-edged sword " w i l l represent his awful

iustice against the impenitent w h o resist his righ -

i o u s authority. " W i t h the bi-eath of his lips ha

h e slay the w i c k e d . " (Is. x i . 4 ; L u k e x i x . 2 7 Hs

countenance as the sun shining i n his strength, dis¬

c l o s e d to t h e b e l o v e d d i s c i p l e s u c h s p l e n d o r a s t o

overwhelm him. The like display of di^me majesty

was insupportable to Saul of Tarsus when on his way

to D a m a s c u s . ( A c t s x x v i . 16·) .'^^ ' Κ ^ Ι Τ ί

i n i q u i t y , " o u r G o d i s a c o n s u m i n g fire. ( i l e b . x u .

29Λ It is a certain t r u t h , - " The vengeance ofthe

gospel is weighter than the vengeance of the law.

(Heb. X . 2 8 ,81.) " L e t us therefore tear.

1 ‫ ד‬A n d when 1 saw him, I fell at his feet as dead. A n d
he laid his riglU hand upon'me, saying unto me. Fear not; I

^ "180.' liîamm r f h ä η ' ί ΐ ι , and wa^s^^d^ea^dj^;g aju^dg,ygbehoIljdeii Iaanmd

alive for evermore,

of death.

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THE APOCALYPSE. 29

19 Write the things which thou hast seen, and the things

V s 1 7 - 2 0 . — W o have the effect of the vision
npon thebeloved disciple. H e who had leaned on

Christ's bosom at supper, and who had seen his M a ^ -
ter transfigured on the holy mount was now utterly
overwhelmed with the eff‫־‬ulgence of his g^ory- J o h n
" fell at his feet as dead." S o it was with D a n e l ,

a man greatly beloved." (Daniel x. 4-8.) B u t the
CO3 m p a s s i o n a t e ‫ ־‬S a v i o u r d i s p e l l e d h i s f e a r s , a s m a l
s‫ ״‬.i mmii a r c a s e s ; m a k i n g k n o w n t o h i s a s t o n i s h e d ser¬
vant hissupreme deity and real humanity, as " t h e

first a n d t h e l a s t , " w h o d i e d f o r t h e s i n s a n d w a s
raised again for the justification of his people. (Rom .
iv. 20.) ^ H e is " alive for evermore " - b e c o m e the

first f r i i t s o f t h e m t h a t s l e p t . " ( 1 C o r . x v . 2 0 . ) H e
" dieth no more. Death hath nomore dominion 0. er
h i m . " ( R o m . vi. 9.) A n d so complete is his victory
over the k i n g of terrors, the last enemy of the be¬

liever, that he hath " t h e keys of hell and of death.
H e 1ms t h e " k e y o f t h e bottomless p i t , ( x x . 1 , )
having triumphed over" principalities a n d powers,
making a show of them openly. (^01·,^· 15.) Whe¬

ther Christ used the word, " a m e n , " to ratify the
truth of his immortality; or whether this is a n ex¬
pression b y John of his joyful acquiescence in that _
fruth, is not material: we know o n satisfactory evi¬

dence, that o u r L o r d is a prophet and k i n g as well as

a priest, "after the power of an endless life. ( H e b .

vii. 1 6 ; R o m . xiv. 9.) .,

John is next commanded to wr1te,--F2rs<,"the

things which he h a d seen;" that is,the description

o f t h e f o r e g o i n g ylsion :-Second, " t h e t h i n g s v^ich

8

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'Z‫״‬7ri, " t h e tlungs which shall U

is, the prophetical Ρ^^^ « ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ as c o ‫ ״‬t a u ‫ ״ ״‬g
of t h e :ouvth c h a p t e r t h t c^^^^ ,

the prospective l^^^oiy ot tr ^^^^^

tions, as .he was to be atlectea y ^^^.^ ^^^^

l,er, till the consummation ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ h o r him-

d i v i s i o n o f t h e b o o k ‫ ״‬a d e b h o ^^^^^^^ ^ ‫ ! ן‬,t-

self, and it is a ‫ ״ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ף ^ י‬by other divisions

tempts of learned f"'^P;‫^^^^׳‬.‫״‬Tthe Bible more clear

to ‫״‬14der t h i s m y s t e r i o u s p a t ot t l e ^^^^

an allegory ! _ ^ ^ ^ , g ^nd seven can-

The meaning of the scvci ^^^^^.^^

d l e s t i c k s " i s t h e n e^|^pla‫״‬1ed ^0 0(‫^^^^ ^־‬

difflcultj l.er‫־‬, or p ‫ ־‬r h » p ‫ ־‬, - a L » " ' " • "

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ΪΠΒ APOCALYPSE. 31

C H A P T E R II.

Some commentators,^mong whom may be^men-

tioned the learned Dr. G U, a leaümg 1

t i s t m i n i s t e r o f f « g ^ - d h a v e mag^^^^^^^^^^

seven epistles f^^^^^'^^J^jf ^ c h general,co-

church in Smyrna, m i l ' '/v ‫״‬ίο‫ ״‬Arian-

sm prevailed! A n a tne ^"‫׳‬ H o w w i l this

l,er last, a n d s o h e r « « " ^ r " , e r esheappears

h a r m o n i z e w i t h t h e f ^h c h J^er^^^^^^^^^ ,^^

^"^?t T p ^ m m ‫״‬ h — d fancy and li-

given as a specimen ο , ^^^^

centious imagination ^ w h i c l ^ ^ ejen g

be tempted to approach the rc^*^‫^ ־־‬ / ^^^,

o f t h i s i m p o i - t a n t a n d - s - - ^ v e p^^^^^^^^^^ G ^ ^^.^ .^^^^

But Peter informs us that some pe ^^^^^

‫ ״‬w r e s t e d " those parts ot f ^1^^^^‫״‬1‫^״"״‬,^as n o t

- d a r k a n d hard to ^ e u n d e stood, a n d tti

the worst of their conduct, J - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

ovtehreern ts cmr iapnt unreers, wa lhsioc h ‫^ " ך‬e^ ^n fu^tJn^e^r ü^ a, , ‫ ן‬, n o r h a r d t o

b e u n d e r s t o o d . ( 2 l ^ e t . 1 1 ·16 .‫^ ^ ^ ^ ^״‬

h" h U an ear, let Λ . .
2-
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32

‫״‬

2. 1 k n o w l l i y w o r k s \, ; ^ ; ^ ^ 6 • ‫ ^ ^ ״ " ׳‬,‫ ״‬evil: and tliou r

‫״״ '״״‬

• ‫ ״‬ï k t ‫ ״‬s ‫ ־‬s ‫ ; ׳‬r ï r ‫ ׳‬s r ‫ ־‬a ï V g a i . » ‫״ ־‬.»,‫״־־י‬-‫־‬

1,«‫״‬1;î;/i‫'׳‬Vir ; ‫ ״‬1 ‫ ז ז‬5 ‫ ״ ״ ״ ^ ז‬1 ‫ » ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ז‬, ‫ ׳ « ״‬m‫ ־‬,<,‫־״‬.

"Γ'ί,'ί".!;-." ι,Μ., t1.a. ‫<״‬0« 1 » . ‫ ־ ־‬1 • ‫ ג‬- ‫» ־ י ״ ־‬f ‫•״ז‬

colailiuies, which I »1«» ' " 1 t ‫ ־‬. , „ . „ ! „ t u.e Spirit »litli

, . HC ll,at l.‫״‬ü> ' ' ‫ \ ל ך ״ צ‬U t öv« comcUi « m I glv» to

" ° v ‫ ״‬. ‫ ד ו‬- T h i s first epistle, addressed to t h e
‫״‬J:L1:/E;he‫־‬ol:0™es£th‫־‬Ur^^^^

‫ ״‬, : ' S i T t r ‫ י‬Γ g ‫ ? י‬e s ^ t " ‫ צ‬Ä as his ‫־‬m-

lStitSI:;'5^S.h‫־‬r‫־‬.a‫^^^^״‬

‫ <׳‬tliP ‫ת‬611 of a ready writer, ^rs. xiv. ±, ^--‫י‬

TT)-^-Îhe‫^׳‬l of the ehureh " is at once a sym-

ïolillnd c'ollccfve name, including also the idea of

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THE APOCALYPSE. 33

‫»־״״״‬-''"ïo-d:;h:,'::''‫־‬ur's‫״‬L?s‫״‬ltÎ^‫״‬r

r11>111tr,:s:ti:1 Ä ‫ ־ ״ ־‬S " h a .
he ehureh; but the object or recipient of the g>f
,‫״״‬,.‫ ־‬valued t h - £ ^ J " ^ i r notLowing

,he honoura,7 title o. ''c^SygX ^^‫!צ^״‬

says,—"some of you. (v. SLces^n
iJe;redthat there '^.l^^^nl^^.^Z

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84 NOTES ON o
Spirit.-There s
c‫״‬r.l1 i n t h e p r i m i t i v e c l m r c h , t

w e r e ^^‫־^^^^י‬/^‫ !^^^^״‬npon t r i a l , w e r e

v/uo c l a i m e a t o be a p o s t l e , a n d vv‫ ״‬, I^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^

discovered to b e . ‫ ־‬- l j t o · P a ‫^ ״‬ ,,,!d,

t h e m i r a c u l o u s g i f t of ^1 [^^^ = , i i t n e s s e s , p e r -

,vithout W ^ ^ r ^ f ' ^ ^ ^ Z ^ M workers" i n

B u tJ (ff C, f« ‫ ;^^ '־‬:\ ^C1^3o rf d i n a r y ' ' ' ' '
ΐ«^‫־‬ΐ7 . ?‫״‬uxë,Coonrainl ltyh a r e a p p"r^o^v'e" 1d
ru l er s

sus, and eise of discipline. P e r -
b y C h r i s t f o r t h e i a i t h uL e x e i u ^ the order

who f^^-in'divteTpoi"-X-e the worst

and ordinances of d m e a p p ^ , authority

of liars, andhav.ng ecuoy i ^^^^^^^^ ^^.^^
‫ ״‬f o u ‫ ״‬d ‫ ' ׳‬to he.such; tley may neglected or

breach of chanty. When d'scipnr j|‫״‬confu-

Ïdaxed, error a n d t y n u u i y ^ o ^ ^ ^ ^ , , t e a c h e r s

sion a n d e v e r y c v d w o i k . ' ^},^ c h u r c h

i‫ ״‬danger of

t h e f r i e n d s of t r u t h a n d 01 a e ^^^^^^

y i e l d i n g t o t h e p r e s s u r e ^ ^ t w H e b . xih 3 ; ) b u t

ieary a n d f^^nt m t h e i r η ‫ ״‬d ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^ to

z e a l f o r t h e i r M a s t e r s ^^^'J' ^•^ a p p r o b a t i o n

contend M e th \ s o n n m l l a b o r , p a t i e n c e , z e a l
It isremarkable that so η chargeable
e t c . , s h o u l d be f o u n d m Ü i i s c n u c ^^.^^

Λvith having " f a l l e n r o m û ^ ^ l o v e

t r a c t e d in t h e f e r v o r of 7^ ^ ^^^^^^‫^^ן‬

niay continue to ^"fl‫^י‬JXtioΓi«'^^^ abated,

vvhen the fervency *^«^^^^^^^^^^^ C h r i s t i a n will c o n -

This state of f ^ ^ r C e p - t a n c e and r e f o r -

f e s s and l a m e n t . N o t h i n d Ρ approbation

mation i n such a «aseJiU J^ocu •

and restore the f^^‫^^׳‬,f,^ ‫^ ״‬ ^.^^^^
t e n c e i s t h r e a t e n e d ^^^^h r e n ^ ^ ^ u n g
the gospel, f^i^istry and ordinance^

T h e N i c o l a i t a n e s w e i e a s e c t 0^ ^J^^^^^

of Christianity of ^^nose aoci

2^

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THE APOCALYPSE.

, I t ismost generally

or nothing iscertainly known. ^ ^^^^^,^^β, who

supposed that they were a ^ ^.^.^^^‫^״‬,3. ‫ ״‬d

turied thegrace of ^^^tained, that their

there is a tradition " o t ^ v e U ^ ^^^^^^^^ ^

heresy was derived trom ' ^ ^‫ ״^^^ן‬,ye read,

t i o c h o n e o f t h e ^ ^ v e n d e a c o n s 0^ ^^^^

Acts vi. 5. The ^^‫^ן^^ן^^^״‬,^8‫ד‬10 historical evi-

,nggested this fancy ; f o r ^1^^^^, , ^ p o r t , f u l l ‫ ״‬f

dence that one who j a s ot η ^.^^^^ ^Iius to

t h e H o l y G h o s t a n d w i s d o m , ^^^as 1 ^j^teful to

, \ h - / Ä t e t r t : h i s - 1 disciples:

Christ, a n dtherefore hate n i

f o r o n e of the ^ n f a l h W e ma1ks_^t ^ ^ ^ ^

to hate ^l^at,--ps and whom^ 0 ^^^^^ ^^^^^^^

oyxxix 2 1 , 2 2 . A l l who r e a d o r

2 e nterested i ‫ ^ * ״‬J ^ ' S h ^ T s t saith in

Whether t h e y ^ ^ ^ ^ Ä t ' S p S s a i t h ; a n d w h a t i s

each of these ;epistles t h e bpK

s a i d t o e a c h « h u r c h i s s a i d t^o a i ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

t o t h e ^^'hole v i s i b l e chur^^^

c o m e t h " fal^e ^P‫^^^^^^^^\'^״‬ to the truth

any doctrines or.practices m opp ç,,^^,^^.

of Christ, o rmiIitating agains t h e ^.^^

to s u c h h e " w i l l g ^ ; e J^^^^^^^^^ t h e breach of ^the

.,-hich A d a m was excluded u p ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^,^^

first c o v e n a n t . ( G e n e s 1 ‫· ״‬ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^•^‫ ןן‬restore

A d a m l o s t hy t h e ^ ' t h e ^^^j^• f the saints

, v i t h i n t e r e s t , ( 1 C o r . 11· « 0 -‫^י‬ ^ ^ ^ ^ • ^ ^ ^ things;

These things saith the first a

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36 NOTES ON

tbe second death.

V s 8 - l l . - S m y r n a is t l i e s e c o n d in o r d e r o f t l i e

se^ln churclres addressed t r o u g h Λ β ministry as the

Xcial representatives, O u r Saviour h^re^ —

t h o s e t i t l e s m e n t i o n e d i n c h . 1. It, 1 » , ™ . u ‫! ם ץ‬

Li d i v h : p e r s o n a l d i g n i t y a n d v o l u n t a r y hu,n• •at. η

l.iq e t e r n a l G o d l i e a d a n d t r u e m a n h o o d , — U o a η a

S e r ‫ ״‬, ‫ ־‬f l e s h , " h a v i n g hy d e a t h t r n ^ m p h e d o r

death, to deUver them v h o through fear of dea h

•‫ י‬r o l f - % T t h ^ t T ' r i e h ? Η Γ i l
•fSl i n g o o f " o r i t s , i " 'he g i f t s a n d g r a e e s o f t e

So r t the earnest ot the heavenly 1 n h e ‫ ״‬t a n e e . - I n

‫־‬-=?ηοΑ

22 ‫ ץ‬T h e devil instigated theJews, and tney i n e
G e t i l e s and b o t h , t h e m a g i s t r a t e s , t o s j l e r i c e t h
tP^timonv of Christ's witnesses, b y which a l l weie

b u t C h r i s t ' s d e s i g n w a s t o try h e r ^ ^ ‫ ״‬e r ^ • . ^ ^ ^

some w e r e t o b e i m p r i s o n e d , a n d

wouldbe limitôd to " t e n d a y s , ' ' - a dehnite l o r a n

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THE APOCALYPSE. 3T

W , . .· ΤΊ1η‫־‬5ρ w h o r e s i s t t h e t r u t h

i n d e T n i t e , b u t short ^^"^^ \ h ‫ ״‬f ^ ^ ^ ^ the h o l y n a m e

êontradict itsadvocates and bU^phe

o f G o d , t h o u g h p r o f e s s i n g t o ^)0 e ‫ ״ ״‬e ^^^^^

tians, area " . ^ ^ ^ Γ ^ ^ η Λ asproved "faithful unto
life‫'׳‬isprom1sed to s u c h F« ^ ^^e second

tt^h'XtlaÄ(a.-".15.)
These things saith he whicn

™lleie Satan's •eat * ^ ^ Γ » a«y‫» ־‬1<‫־׳־‬1‫ " ״‬Κ

"s'SiStÄÄÄS^^^^

001^0111»«‫ו‬.‫״‬.»6‫־‬,‫י‬ tote- , t , „ ,aickly, aud

„.i^ÄSlToÄto—^

‫״‬i r s r ‫ ־ ״ ^ ״‬: ; 1 ‫ ־ ־ ״‬, •<» ‫״ ״ ״ ״ ״ י ״ ׳ ״‬

a n d threatenings ^ g ^ l ^ l t X r Z Γη this plaee,

"Sharpsword. . J • » ' » ‫„^ ~ ״‬etrine and disciples

»hence he assailed ™ t ™ ‫ם‬ ^^^^ ^

o f O h r i s t hj b ‫ ־‬v ‫ ־ ־‬y P7^^‫״־‬ ‫״‬ai,tl‫״‬guished, like

fight o t a f B i o t l o n s t h e r e 0"' | ‫ ״‬.•„sisted

siphen, forhodness f ‫ ^ « ״‬u ^ ' \ ‫ ״‬d wherever

„nto Wood, striving ‫ ־‬8 ™ f ,™Christ, who "holds

Î 5 s : : r t A X t Î : f n o h l ‫ ־‬company who

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38

- b y faith have obtained a goodj e p o r f ' ' ( ^ ^ ^ i S

Z e s of those whose prioejples they adopt a ‫ ״‬d

S I r = Ä ri^sef

sras‫״‬r‫״‬toate;;ti‫״‬/tSr1if‫־‬,‫;״‬o.ois‫״־‬y

'tis s ; of n o i e , in the condition of this

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TUE APOCALYPSE. 39

Christ, against tlrose ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ : ^ ^

at on d" rtehpee^n^‫ל‬t 0, ^‫^־״ ־‬- 'e>v^^‫* ״‬l e!^n‫׳ץ‬t,l y i o r Γc o‫״‬n‫״‬n v i n gg a^t^^t h^^e^^d e s^t r^u^c^-

tuinvlee sesr rtohr se df i s^m.p^l m^eToff ' Γh eο cΪ hηnΙr c h \ v a s e m^ vp l^o^y ^e d ^ t^o^ ^

u r g e out these ^•^^els, t^ie ^ •^^

Ζ work into own ha^d and ^^g ^ ^ g ^ ^^^^

,vith the sword ot his m o m ^^^^^^

screened or spared these sinners m i g P^^^ ^^^^^^^

t‫״‬a kmeu sot fgtihveei ra cJ ^c^o^u* nPt f^o r^ t h' oo e^ oo vv e r - h « ^ t h e y ^ iwr aa twcrhi t.e";

18. A n d -^XS'L'^.^i.f^l Ä hati> his eyes like ‫ ״ ״‬t ‫״‬

These things saith the ‫'״‬ ^ ^j^^ss ;

a flame of tire, and and service, and faith.

J i h ' y Ä rÄ;;ir£!U the ia‫־ ^ «־ ־־‬

she repented not. ^nd them that com-

other burden : i v already, hold fast t i l l 1 c"™*'•

25. Bt.t that which ye ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ " , ' ‫ ^ ״‬keepeth my works unto

26. A n d he ^^^^'^'''.'11'^^^^^^^ ,

the end. to him wi I I f ^ ^ J ^ ^ ^ ^ t H rod of iron; a . the ves-

‫^׳׳׳ ׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳׳‬

unto the churches. <2‫נ‬

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40 KOTES ON

V s 1 8 - 2 9 . — T h e most lengthy epistle is sent to
the church in Thyatira. H e who is the Son of God,
a divine person, possessing the essential attributes ot
omniscience and immutability, has more to say to
this church than to any of the rest. Commending,
as usual, whatever was commendable,-the1r works,
charity, service," etc.; " a n d the last to be more than
t h e first:" h e h a s , n e v e r t h e l e s s , " a f e w t h i n g s a g a i n s t
them,"-especially "suifering that woman Jezebel
to t e a c h . " Is this " w o m a n J e z e b e l " to be taken
i n a l i t e r a l o r figurative sense.? A n a l o g y s e e m s t o
require a metaphorical sense. If, in the preceding
epistle, " B a l a a m " is not to be understood literally
a n d p e r s o n a l l y , b u t figuratively a n d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e l y ,
so Jezebel represents a n individual, or rather as that
other woman, (ch. xvii. 4,) a faction or sect, who
propa‫״‬ated destructive heresy. Jezebel was daughter
of Ethbaal, K i n g of the Zidonians, whom Ahab ™ a ^
ricd contrary to the express law of G o d . (1 l i i n g s
x v i 3 1 ; Deut. v i i . 3.) S h ewas a violent persecutor
of the Lord's people, because she was given to idola¬

try; and she was an instigator of all the ci'uelty per-
pjtr'ated b y that wicked king, " w h o m Jezebel his
; i f e stirred u p . " A s A h a b suffered his wife to con¬
trol hispolicy, " giving him the vineyard of Naboth
etc., so it appears, the rulers i n this church are blamed
for permitting " a woman to teach," contrary to the
l a w o f C h r i s t 1) '‫ ׳‬T i m . i i . 1 2 . ) S h e " c a l l e d h e r s e l f
a p r o p h e t e s s , " - w h y not then require her to show
her credentials? Permitted to usurp the functions
of a public teacher, she " seduced Christ s servants _
to ioin in the abominable rites of the heathen, b p i -
ritual fornication, especially when conducted by te-
male agency, has always issued i n that which is lite¬
ral This m a y be verified from the time of N o a h and
Balaam till the erection of nunneries under the sane-

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THE APOCALYPSE. 41

tion of the " m a c ·‫יי ״‬ TVip ^dii^s Jt i^n ?c t i o n here be¬
n of Bin, The · ^^ings

t w e e n " c o m m i t t i n g ^ovn^^^s t h a t t h e " a d u l t e r y "

s a c r i f i c e d u ^ i t o . i d o l s , ‫״‬t1m^^^^^^^ t h a ^^^^^^^^

is to be taken i n a literal sense, x i ^.^

L repentance, " a n d ^^^^^^refte the L o r d

t i m e t h e r u l e r s ^‫׳י‬ere cdp^^^^^^^^^^^

h i m s e l f , as be o r e , - ^ ^ ^ ‫ ^ ^ ^ ״‬, ^ b y v f s i t i n g t h e s e

sin and scandal. Ihis ^ incurable disease

impenitent transgressors wi h s o m ^ m c ^.^

,vhich would issue i n « f ^ ' n death. ‫ם‬ ^^.^

f ‫ " ן‬w o d ? S a t ‫ " ־‬Ä SurchL, thlt it is he
a m p l e he w o u l d t e a c n λ ‫_׳־‬clemonstrat1ng
who searcheth the reins and treats ^

his divine o m n i s c i e n c e . - But^ unto 7 ^^^^^^

Where now . ^ ^ , ^ 1 " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ or diocesan

t h e S a v i o u r , tha P^^j;\"| !^tes afiirm our

bishop, whom the ^nt chustia ‫ ״‬A n d unto the
addressed; but
Lord.addi-esses i n an^^^^^^

rt eh sots ei nl a bTohryi oaut si r aa,n d—p a t i eJn t o n‫ ׳‬e ^p..ßevvi oi uosyl y^ ^c o m^ m e n d -

eTdh,o swe hdoe c"ehi vae rds "p r«e.t e] n' dXe^ü t ot o 1i n s t r u c t t h e i r d e^l^u^d^e.^d^

a r t s . " ( A c t s x1x‫ ־‬1 ° ‫ ׳‬γ:>, a d v e r s a r y and h i s a l l i e s ,

,v‫״‬h these ‫ ז » ץ ״ ־ ״ ־‬i ‫״‬ the honor of

S ‫ ־‬7 0 » A ‫ ״ ־‬c S ï t L 00., h y H i .

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42 NOTES ON

who is divine. N o n e else has " p o w e r over the na¬

tions," but he to whom " a l l power is given m heaven

and in earth." (Matt, xxviii. 18 ) " The mormng

star" maysignify Christ himself, (ch,x x n . 16, or

t h e " f i r s t f r u i t s o f t h e S p i r i t , " ( R o m v 1 2 3.‫״‬,)o r

t h e f u l l a s s u r a n c e o f g r a c e . ( 2 P e t e r 1. 1 9 . )

A s before, what " C h r i s t saith, the Spirit saith,

and the instruction, warning and threatening sent to

the church i n T h y a t i r a , was addressed to a l l churches

and to every human being endowed with a n ear to

hear " It is assumed in the beginning of the A p o c -

alvpse, that only some will have sufficient education

to " r e a d the words of the prophecy of this book;

and such is thecondescension of ourgracious Master,

that those who, b y reason of invincible ignorance

c a n n o t read, y e t m a y s h a r e i n t h e r e w a r d p r o m i s e d

to such as " h e a r a n d k e e p " t h e s a y i n g s of this b o o k

A n d no doubt thousands have received this reward

since the begun decline of Popery, who were y.rivi-

le‫״‬ed to hear a n dto " k n o w the joyiul sound ot the

.osm\ p r o c l a i m e d b y t h e h e r a l d s o t ^ t l i c R e f o r m a t i o n .

J,1 t h e t i m e s o f L u t h e r , C a l v i n , K n o x , a n d o t h e r s ,

uho wore tlicir compeers and successors, many were

called from darkness to light, in continental a n d m -

sular Europe, whocould not read. ‫״‬

A l l are commanded to " s e a r c h the Scriptures.

N o w to be able to obey this reasonable command

either a l l must be instructed i n the knowledge ot

Hebrew and G r e e k , - t h e two languages in which the

Riblewas originally written, or the Bible must be

translated into the languages of all nations. B u t

the former supposition is impracticable, a n d theretore

the latter is dutiful. A n d after all that has been

done, and is yet to be accomplished, in translating

the sacred writings into the languages of the nations

of the earth, the "angels of the churches will be

• e m p l o y e d b y t h e c h i e f S h e p h e r d i n f e e d i n g h i s flock.

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THE APOCALYPiB. 43

C H A P T E R III•

1. A ‫ ״‬d unto the a-^el of^^o church i‫^^^^״‬

A Î ï C r t r ^ w X t h a t ' t L u hast a name that

th‫״‬u livest, and art dead. . ‫^•^י‬,,^ r e m a m ,

rw^‫מ‬rÄ‫ד‬rrihi.r»‫ד‬.t» - ‫״־־׳׳‬
^ ^ . ^ ^ have nob
hour I w i l l come ‫ ״‬p « ‫ ' ״‬J ^ ^ .
4. Thou ha«t a few °a‫<״‬e8 even^n

defiled their garments; and they s b a i i w

" • • r Ä . « h..h » ‫ ״ ־‬, 1‫־‬. hl» bear what th» Sp‫ ״״‬sauh

" " ' ; 1 "6";"‫;"־‬hitherto !‫ ״‬th‫־־‬e ‫־‬pi‫־‬tl‫ ־ » ־־‬d« not

ais1^.v^Äg ‫ ״‬i t r a : ; h r ‫ ״‬r a ‫ ־‬s

•do --"4?fbSp'‫"־‬a™" elders, and

and pastors. *'^,7/',, ^ 2 8 ‫״‬.) Prelacy,—
"all are brethren. ί .'^ i‫ ״‬office,

,hat is, Ρ Ϊ ‫ ־‬Γ 8 " " ‫ ״‬Π Κ Γ 0 Η ‫״־ ־ ' ^ ־ ״‬ly L--8i‫••>־״‬
i ‫ ' ' ־ ־‬P - - ' y | ™ , V \ frtrat emputo ann'ul this !a;v

S5^‫;{׳‬rS-1S^^;»^^ä:lo^^f;1fe1"

S t t l ^ y T t r Ä S s h e s the e‫״‬-

dence of this. . ‫ ״‬. ,,j,1,.es«ed b v h i m w h o

‫״‬Sh%tre';^Ä^^^^^

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44 NOTES ON

i'nfiuences to tlie dormant; for revival presupposes
life Their " w o r k s were tiot perfect before b o d ,
however they miglit appear to men Tlie majority
Avere i n a l a n g u i s h i n g c o n d i t i o n , h a d ' ' g i v e n t h e m ¬
selves over to a detestable neutrality ' m the L o r d s
cause. A n d as the whole body isjustly characterized
b y the major part; this church is described as " d e a d .
‫״‬Be watchful,-reraember,-repe‫״‬t.‫ ״‬/^‫ ^^^^י‬du-
tics point out the prevailing sins, namely, slothful-
nass forgetfulness a n d security. W h e r e these pre¬
dominate, " t h i n g s that remain are ready to die.
A n d there is no other remedy but that of applying
to the " S e v e n Spirits of G o d , " which Christ is ready
to shed abundantly on all who make believing appli-

'^'^ C h r i s t t h r e a t e n s t o " c o m e a s a t h i e f " u p o n t h o s e
who do not " w a t c h . " I n similitudes, we are not to
indulge a licentious fancy i n our attempts to inter¬
prêt them. T h eobjects of the thief's visit and hat
of Christ are not the point of rescmblajice; for the
thief cometh not but for to steal, a n dto k i l l , a e d to
d e s t r o y " T h e p o i n t , a n d t h e o n l y p o i n t of., r e s e m ¬
blance, is the suddenness of the visit. Ignorance or
ne‫״‬lect of this rule of interpretation has been a fruit-
fufsource of error, especially in expounding Revela-

^'"'lir this epistle, the order hitherto observed b y the
Saviour is reversed. W h a t waspraiseworthy in other
C h u r c h e s w a s first n o t i c e d . H e r e t h e c o m m e n d a t i o n
follows the reproof. " Thou hast a fewnames, etc.
A virtuous minority are "undefiled i n the way._
They have nobly withstood the prevailing, contami¬
nation, and therefore Christ will admit them- to tel-
lowship « n d honor. T h e victor shall be •;'clothed
in white raiment,"—grace shall beperfected in glory;
and their names, which were inscribed m the bool|

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THE APOCALYPSE. 45

Spirit saith•• to the oharoh i n Sardis.

Γ . 1 : ; Ϊ Κ Ϊ 0 ^ Α Α . a d n« •aaa .hatlelh, a » d

r ; ‫ ז » ־‬Ä ·‫ « • ׳ <>־‬- - ‫י ״ ^ ״ ״ ־‬

: ! ï l L S t ' S " » » : ' » ' d - t S i p U r . th, ‫־‬.‫־־‬, . » d .«

: ; ' „ ? r p S Ä . r w 6 ï d , r ‫ ; ״‬.b‫׳»־‬.ha. d « ‫ ״ ״‬P ‫־ ־‬

‫ ״‬U . - « ( A ‫ ־‬V , I ‫ « ״ ־ ־‬q a i ^ l j ^ h«ldth.tfa.t‫ •י־״״‬lh«"ha.t,

lliat ‫ ״ « { « » ס‬toll« thj ‫ ״ · " " < " ״‬. . ^ , j„ the temple

• 13. l Î i 1 0 l l 1 « « » ' ‫ ' > ' ׳‬T ' S ‫״‬Γ‫״‬Γϋυί• and I will ‫· ™ ״‬

‫ ( ״‬,‫ ן״‬God, a ‫ ״‬d he J ‫ ׳‬h« n . m . of l"' » • J »t

‫ ״‬p o ‫ ״‬him the name ot " ' ™ t m which oometb down oat .,f

r . . r ‫ ׳‬f 1 t ‫ ־‬t ; ‫ « ׳‬i i ï ï ï S w i i t e apon him » , ‫״ « ־‬

" Ί Τ ^ Π . that hath m ear. let bim hear what the Spirit ‫ ״ ־‬. b

untp the churches.

•V< 7 1 3 - T h i s c h u r c h , l i k e t h e o n e i n S m y r n a ,
Vs". / - ! ‫ • צ י‬/ • " ‫ט ׳‬ ‫ י‬.‫ ^ ד‬£ s φ11ar t r i a l s . —

i s " w i t h o u t r e b u k e , ' ^ ^ / ‫ ™ ^ ״‬X ^ ] by s o m e d e -

C h r i s t ' s m e s s a g e \« P^^^^^ J'ïi^‫^^^^״‬ deity and
^J,,
scriptionafhimsel, implying^

authority- ' ' Η « 1 u L e i s n o n e good b u t

Α^ΓΑο,^η^^^^^
4

S

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46

c,.

xi.
ma

••

Shebna. ^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ τ . is in virtue of this extensive

;,‫־ ״״‬11 •?».ions, to call ‫־‬i‫״‬n‫־‬r‫ ( ־‬f ‫ ^ ^ ) ־ ־‬- ' ‫ ^ ״ ; ׳‬J d

p u r p o s e to s t i i p ^1 e s c l y ^ character
hypocrisy, and exlub t tliem η tiieir t

‫ " ר‬svnaaoiiue (church) of batan. (James n. ο

bi4rri‫;׳‬tL^‫־‬:,t‫״‬tT0Ä5

: : : ' S a S : ,ν£‫'־־־‬Γ1Γ‫־־™״‬. ‫־‬,/‫־‬ious .,TO-

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THE APOCALYPSE. 47

.‫ ־־״‬a‫״‬d wav‫ ״‬of danger froo; « - j - ^ t ^ ' i !

. I S - l ä ; G a . . I. 6 , Τ , ) t h a t t n e i r J ^^^^
ade manifest to a. men. (2 ‫· ־ ״‬ ‫״‬1s.

-I ‫׳‬x\ The c r u e l e n e m y , w h o i n i n e utiy i

general danger;^ i f e J^^^^ , ^ e c u t i o n s ' w a g e d

p r e d i i t i o n s ^ i t w a s t o ‫ ״‬h a ‫ ״‬e m o r e h a , e f 1_

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NOTES ON
48

; ‫ ״ ״‬1 : 7 1 · a ‫״־‬0t - ‫ י‬- - a ! : . A ‫ ־‬Î

bear for ever, andshould be k«0^",,^^1û g^^^^

xi. 26; Rev. iii. 5·)

17. Because l^ou sa.yest I am ‫ ״‬c ‫ ^ ״‬a that i h . u

goods, and have need of ""^hmg and. know

L t .retohed, and ^'^^^^^' d tried i ‫ ״‬üie fi-e, that

18. 1 counsel thee ‫ ״ ^ ״ ^ ״‬4 ^ ‫ ^ ״‬, ,h^t thou mayes- be

thou majest be ‫ ״‬c ; ^ J e \ b y nakedness do not appear;

sup ^vith him, and he ‫^*;״‬ . ‫ ״‬j ‫ ״‬t to sit with me i n

‫״‬fv,,;!;‫^־״‬:‫״‬rar‫״‬1rtvi.‫־‬1d a. ..d».»«..»

" ' Ä ‫״‬â‫־‬ï,‫״‬l!'«n.r, 1.» b i n , h » r ‫ ״‬h ‫ ־‬t ,he S p i n . ‫־־‬1*

uuto the churches.

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THE APOCALYPSE. 49

i i . 1 ; IV. 1 6 . ) ^'^^^ I : c - | ‫ ״‬7 κ « ς η 3 · a n d a s b o t h

ministry as well as ^^at of E p W s ^

these churches were comparât v e ^ ^^^^^^^^

o t h e r five, w e m a y β‫גג‬ppo«« t h a a ^ ^ ^ ^ h a b i t s , w o u l d

. evident that t H s c h u ‫״‬

n^ore than a l l the others. ^ζ^^*^^^^^^^^ described

commend. H e r ο ® « « ‫ ״ ^ ^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ י‬is the " A m e n ,

i n t h e i r real «^-/*'^^^^-^y^rthe b e g i n n i n g o f t h e

the f a i t h f u l a n d t r u e W ^ t n ^ s , t h e . ^^^^^^

creation of G o d E a c h ot

divinedigmtyofChrist. i n y ^^^^•^^ gense.

stood i n a n ^ ^ ^ ‫״ ^ ״‬Viabso^utely so,) b u t one ; t h a t

A 3 " t h e r e i s n o n e good (»^^οΐ^^^^^^ ^he " A m e n '‫׳‬

is, God,'‫ ׳‬Matt. XIX. Π ; 8 0 Christ ‫ף‬0^

- s u c h s e - e t h a t h^^^^^ ,.,ther.;;

lie "speaks that whicn ' ,‫ י‬u B e g m n i n g ;

J o h n v i i i . 3 8 . ) J^^^^^^'T'rnrùer of " t h e c r é a -

all things-,•' b T ^ t v e i a n d that are i n e a r t h " -

ated, that arein heaven, " " ‫״‬ ,‫ן‬ B a tonr

Creation i» » ‫ * > < ״‬f , ^ ; \ ^ ‫ ׳ ־‬s ‫ ״‬Now, aceording

Redeemer has" ‫ ' ™ ־‬Ä ' a i ' S'^

to H e b . 111. \ , tKiuffS are spoken is tne

therefore j j ^ ^ ^ ? " ^ t Γ ‫ ־‬Ä ‫ ־‬inspired Fopliet
M o s t H i g h G o d . , , A n a so !,asband." (Isa.

3

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50 NOTES ON n
‫״‬
T T n i t a r i a n s - " T h e gods that have not made the

W e n s T n d t h e eart'h, even they «^all p e n s h r o ¬
the earth, a n d from n n d e r these h e a v e n s a ‫ ״‬t e,r
b l i n d e d v o t a r i e s , " e x c e p t t h e y ^ - ^ P e n t , s h a aiu^^^^^^^^

wise n e r i s h . " - H o w e v e r far t h e b o d y of t h i s c h n r c t i

W decTned i t does n o t a p p e a r t h a t t h e y h a d y e t

as a — i t y , gone the leS^th of " d e n y i n g t h e L o r d

* ' l l Ä ^ d t ' s ' e l f - s u i E c i e n c y , seems to have been
the C a d n g sinamong these degenerate professors
S k e ' t h e ^ ^ h f r i s e e , t h e y w o u l d boast of t h e - r i c h e s

the s p i r i t u a l gifts w h i c h t h e y possessed, b y w h i c h

l y ^ f l a t t e r e d themselves that " t h e y were not

Γh:;‫;;־‬:i‫״‬ed%öth"filthy‫ץד‬re;a‫״‬dtheadm^

of a n ignorant a n d carnal multitude. Such is too

often he actual condition of ministers a n d people,

when they are all the while under the power of sin,

Ind wholly " b l i n d " to their spiritual des itut.on

Self-decepLn isfatal; andit would bejust m th

L o r d J e s u s t o g i v e s u c h p e r s o n s ‫ ״‬P J o Λ^3>^ ^ζ^^

T,^.1rV lusts. S o he threatens,—"I will spue tnee

o u t 01 m y m o u t h , " a s a m a n ' s s t o m a c h l o a t h e s h a t

ΛΧΟΙ i s i K i u s o a t i n g . T h e l i k e f i g u r e i s u s e d b y I s a i a h

XV 5,) personating his L o r d when describing similar

c h i a c e r s : - " These area smoke i n m ynose, -

ttZrZj offensive.-To us the case of this church

would appear hopeless. It is n o t so,however: o n

r l S - y , he as'sures them that these sharp rebukes

proceed from love. " A s many as I love I rebuke,

and chasten." (Heb. xii. 6 - 8) A n d from the coun¬

s e l " w h i c h h e g i v e s , a s f a r t h e r e v i d e n c e o f 1113 l o v e ,

we learn wherein this church was lack1ng,-1n grace,

justifying righteousness, and thesaving self searcaing

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THE APCOALYPSB. 51

niumination ofthe Holy Spirit ^^^^^X

‫ ״‬o t t h e p r o m i s e o f e x e m p t ! ‫ ^ ״‬fro^^^

"temptation,'(V. 100 the g ^^^^^^,^

o f p e r s e c u t i o n w i l l b e md^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

f r o m a p o s t a c y , ‫{^ף^ז^^״ך‬, ' ! . ‫ „ ״‬x ü o s e d t o " s h a m e ,
would be removed, ^"J^tlV'^Ythe church refuses

^Christ"standsandknocks. ^^^^^^ ^.^ ^^•^^

him admittance Λ.ΐΐΐΪ certainly communicate

and open t h e ^ ^ ^ ‫ ן ״ ^ ^ י‬J^t, s^alvation," that

such consolations,—the j o y‫״‬ ‫״‬

it be said t h e ^ sup ' P-mi-,^ ·

T h i s , a s b e f o r e , 18 t h e I heavenly fell-

this life, asa foretaste ^ ^ d p ^ ^ S ^ i ‫ ״‬his honor

citY —There isadded, a P^fticpa^o ^^^^^

3 a u t h o r i t y ; f o r t h o s e w ^ ^ - f t e r ^ v 1th^.^^ ^^^^.^

also reign with b i m . ( 2 J i m ‫^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^^ ; · ״‬

honour is to a l lb>8ja^"ts‫ ׳‬Jjj^'„ ^ ^ y ^^^^ra-

them b y Christ.. This ^^^^‫״‬110 Zebedee's sons,

d i e t w h i t C h r i s t s a i d t o t^^ , ^ ‫ ״‬, ^ d on

(Matt. XX. 2 3 , ) - " t o sit on m y _ ä „ ^ this to

F a t h e r . " ‫ ׳‬n ‫ ^ ״ ; ״ ״ ־‬Ä as "«V
Of the honor audiehcity pr adequate

GENERAL OBSERVATIONS.

Although the fundamental doctrine 0 ,^^
in these

in Unity -ote^V^^^^^^^^^^ ^,^,,,^ p . e s u p -

e p i s t l e s , i t i s n e v e r t h e l e s s 01 r ^

p L e d . E a c h e p i s t l e b ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ j ^^^^^^^^^^

^^.S^ention o f t w o d i v i n e P ^ ' s a ^ s t o t h e s e c h u r c h e s

: . ^ h a t Christ s a ) ^ , ^ ^ m t s a ^ ^^^^^ ^^^^.^ ^

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NOTES ON Lo
for
e n52 Ζ
an
t:CÎ, » ‫ ״ ז נ‬Il control and moral govoromeot st
°'TJu7rL pou.àUm and chimerical assamp- ^C
to

a
q

C

w
w
t
c

,,o^oTtCe e^p'ositorswho view ξ^'*Μ‫;״‬

s f d •a", t ^ s : ^ — i o t t i E

chased a n d social rights, ^^^^her does a

his people i n after generations ; - j u s t ^^^Γ^^:^
^^'"xJ^H
Zh t h e c h u r c h i n O l d T e s t a m e n t
(Rom.xv.
written for ouradmonition andlearning.

4 ; I Cor. X. 11.)

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m‫יי‬

THE APOCALYPSE. 53

Moreover, some persons have ^ ^^^^^^^^

o r d ' s t r e a t m e n t of * h e s e c h m c j e ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ ^

r theexistence, and an^mpera. conflicting

thecharitable recogm^^^^^ all t ^

nd antagonistic o r g a m z f designation,

tyled Christian f "«:f^e ; r e h e n s i o n of s o m e

C h r i s t i a n c h u r c h e s , /f/^^^^^^^^^ i s ^ s e d b y t h e m
oo general, the^term'evangehca_^^.^ ^^.^^

,^^^q u e s t i o n w i l l p r e s e n t 1tse‫^״‬
s r e s t r i c t i v e of * ^ m ^ ___^^1,.,t c o n s t i t u t e s a

is still

Church ' ' « ^ « r f l \ ° ! 1 ! , g ^ e r P e r h a p s n o t w o p e r s o n s

without any definite answer. _ r denomina-

^^^^^f'tions of professing
would include in one category t ^ ^ ^ , ^ ie,_-Is a

christian church m

community to be «0«%^'^'?^,*^>‫ י‬is taught? Does

w h i c h t h e " d o c t r i n e o ^ . ^ ^ X ^ . ^ o g n i t i o n of a n o r -

t h e l a w of c h a r U y r X « . * , t h , i n w h i c h a " J e z e b e l

ganization as a Ch‫״‬star‫ ״‬chujcb

°rould be Buffered to teach, and^^^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ denies

of C h r i s t ? " / % * ^ ^ ^ c S a n d r e j e c t s t h e s e a l s of
t h e s u p r e m e f «^^.^,^lÜ^ o n l y c h a r t e r of t h e

the covenant ot. giace, ^ ^ ^ Q jg that
'^^Ζ!o^^urcl.C h r i s t i a n c h u r c h ' s e x i s t e n
which

!y rejects the
combination to beviewed
appointment and •
^^^;^^;!-^'^^31has n o regular.

‫ ״‬pastors a n d teachers ot ^ ^ ' ^ ^/^^ ^ , n y other

the m o r a l i t y of t h e b * * ^ { i^Jort, w i l l s u g g e s t

questions of similar or anajogou P^^^^ ,,^pect his

of p o p u l a r e r r o r . ^ : ^ ^ ^ ^ t h a t a l l t h e s e seven
I t o u g h t t o b e 00"^;^^^^^ o r i g i n a l l y c o n s t i t u t e d ,

c h u r c h e s w e r e one church g ^^^.^^^^^^ ^ ^ g , .

>•; h a v i n g t h e s a m e , - - - t h a t ‫ ף‬a forbearance,

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