Notes-Apocalypse-Revelation-David-Steele-320

KOTES ON
104

assert, that ‫־‬vc.. ‫ " ™ ־‬S , f.he state, a n d the

T‫־‬stanrent,-"the * ^ • ‫ ^ ' = י‬: have oeeasion to

S^^Ä::‫״‬f^-SitÄ^
* ; S ; r : ; ‫ ־‬i e r ‫ ^ ״‬r r ; r e s e n t N e ‫ ״‬Testament

economy! , ,>‫״‬,nderin‫״‬s and earthquakes ' re-

T l i e " v o i c e s , thunae11n‫־־״‬ !g a r e t h e

snl i ‫״ ״‬ t h e s c a t t e ‫ ״ ״‬g ojj^ 0;^^. .^^

b a v b i n g e r s a n d ?l^'^^^'^f^i Ifthe t r u m p e t s . A n d

Christendom at ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ] ^ , eontentions, strife

+l,ose may b e e m b l e m a t i c a l 01 ^^ ^-

and divisions which a c c o i n p a n ^ the m ^^^^^ I ^

l e n c e o f t h e h e r e s y ot A n u s a n u J ^:^^^ p u b -

‫ ״‬: p c r o r J u l i a n ^ - ‫ ״ י‬£ ^ ^ ^ f ^^^^^ The

lie tranquillity from Konstantine ^^^^^

church Ind the state, a ^';^'^Sgments t o b e i n f i i c t -

considered as the object oft ^ρ « ^^^^^

ed under thet i - ^ P ^ t S ; These '^^^^^,^^^,^ΓΟοη^

incorporated, if not identmea, u assuming

stantineand his ‫״‬nper1aU^^ !^gto-

t h e c o r r e c t n e s s o f t h e P ^ " ' ^ . ^ ‫ ^ ״ " ' ״‬, ‫ ״ ״ ן ן‬i n a popular

i t s and Christian exposi^oi., h e n ^ J i

sense they speak of the R ^ ^ J ^ P , agree with t h e

of penal inüictions; ^ y \0 ‫״‬

l a t t e r c l a s s o f ^f^^'^^^,,Vas i t e x i s t e d at t h e t i m e

the geographical houndarie ^^^^,^ ^

of this prediction. This mista ^.^^^^^ ‫ ״‬f t h e w h o l e

will materially affect and cont 0 ^^^^^^^

;ubsequent part of the ^po^-lyP^^^^ ,,,ating of

discover theimpropriety and af« Urn¬

events n o w t r a n s p m n g with m tl^o_^ Ρ ^ f ,^e

::!^?li^^Ä^^-din B u t the

3

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THE 105
APOCALYPSE.
X Xl
*

‫ ״ ^ ג‬bave sufficient evi-

p l a g u e s . ' tWt hi itl sstr ' tSrrelasi ms,a g i n a t i o nf, a v e i efr

S 1 : S a Î ; ‫ • ־ ־ ^ ״‬Sneh eases are very rare,(

id's own name, Constant.nep ‫·־‬ ^,,paring

KVÎAO‫;־‬-.rtï^^^^^^^^^
bài-r5H£r:1^A

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KOTES ON
lOG

Lui-nt up. ‫״ר‬,‫ יי ו‬T h e o b i e c t o f

L1u^j‫״״‬f:,-- : , , l a m e n t ksüil !ο, ·----
ppiirree ii nn ggeen e r a l . / . h ^ J ' ' - . 1 , g 0 1 a t i ‫ ״‬g w a r s , h k e s u c -

li,e mingled ^'th b l o o c ^ - | «^^^ ‫־‬ - ‫ן ן״‬

ccssive storms 01 h a i l m m g l a l ν ^‫ ״‬,^,^^

stones and coals ‫־‬,^^ of the "trees and

is, a consumption of a _ ^J^^^^ Green trees

U f^^^^^^^^^l,g ass," people ni high ^
grass are
^ ^ produ of a land:
nations and d

‫ ״ ״‬d Avheu t h e earth i s an c i persons of

‫״‬,‫״‬,io‫״‬3, trees and grass m a y repi

higher andlower rank. . !^pse will discover

° r h e c a r e f u l Btuden o f b^^^^^^^^^ ,^umpets

a striking analogy betNxeenmc sixteenth

; ‫ ״‬d vials as the latter are Pics«";«'^^^^ duces an

:;lapter. This ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^Î^lol,^^^^

effect upon the social order ot υ

St^**rr:;a‫״‬A‫־״־‬-‫»^־»״‬-

the eastern member. _ unwittingly re-

The ^ ‫ ' ״‬T ; ^ ‫ ״‬f tlfese predic^^ as Josephus
destruction
c o r d e d t h e f u l f i l m e n t o f tbeBC Ρ ^ ζ j
bearing tes-
h a s d o n e t h o s e o f ^ o u r ^^or^^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^
of Jerusalem, ^unconscious that

timony to the language of the
his classic p e n t h e v e r y c‫^ ״‬

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ΤΗΚ APOCALYPSE. ^ ^ ^^^^
iliu ‫ ״‬- -

inspired apostle. ‫ ־ ' ^ " ' ־ ו ^ ן ^ ז ״ ך ^ י‬f f

t‫ ״‬attest the truth of P^opnec} , ^^^^.th ot

‫ ו‬îhe m a n y w a y s i n j ^ b i ^ b , ^ ^ , l e S c y t h i a n s a m i

m a n t o p r a i s e b i m . ' —.1 ^ e j ^ ‫^^ ^^י‬der A t t i l a ,

Suns first u n d e r A l a ^ c and a f e r . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^.^^^'X^{,

"hose savage warriors f i o m t h ^ ^ both

and f e m a l e , — t h u s ‫ י‬as it were a ^‫^ז‬/^*^

d o - grass."

8. Λ ‫ ^ ״‬t h « r ‫ " ־‬j r r : ‫ « ־ ״‬- " ‫״‬ ‫·•·'־‬

‫ ־‬-"Tte Ts"t1-t'eo‫״‬t

‫ •ו‬tViP n o p u a t l o n m a u iud^ment is

Ä e?oîu'tionary,cond^^^^^

' hnrnina mountain," a tremenu , 0 ^ ‫ ״‬t a 1 n 13

s :uming b e i n g i t s e l f « « " - - ; ^ • „ - , L y , and s o m e -

n Tsymbol of e a r t h l y p o - c ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ h o u , 0 S ^ ^ a t - o u n -

- ü m l s e c c l e s i a s t i c a l . • - - W h « ^^^^.^^^^^ ^^^^^ the

tain?" (Zech. i v . T•)
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108 NOTES ON

k i n g of B a b y l o n , — " B e h o l d , I am against thee, 0

destroying mountain I will roll thee down

from the rocks, and will make thee a burnt moun¬

tain." (Jer. h. 25; Ps. xlviii. 2.) . , ,· ,

The consequence of this judgment is, the thinl

part of the sea became blood, the fish perished, and

the shipping was destroyed. Similar language, 11-

lustratino• these figurative expressions, had been used

by the pT-ophets to represent divine judgments de¬

nounced against Egyptian power. (Ezek. xxix. 3, etc.)

In the eighth verse is contained the explanation of the ·

symbolic language,—"Behold I will bring a sword

upon thee, and cut off man and beast from thee.

History verifies this part of the Apocalyptic pre¬

diction. Only two years after the death of that

northern "scourge of G o d , " A t t i l a , Avho boasted that

"the ‫״‬rass never grew where his horse had trod;

Gcnsm-ic set sail from the burning shores of A f r i c a ;

and, like a burning mountain launched into the sea,

accompanied by a vast army of barbarous Vandals,

suddenly landed his fleet at the mouth of the river

Tiber. Disregarding the distinctions of rank, ago

or sex, these licentious and brutal plunderers sub-

iected their helpless victims to every species of i n -

di‫״‬nity and cruelty. Hence the hostility to arts

aifd science, the tokens of refined civilii^ation,—in¬

discriminate devastation of life and property perpe¬

trated by the savage warriors, has given rise to the

Avord " V a n d a l i s m . "

10. A n d the third angel sounded, and there fell a great
star from heaven, burning as it were a lamp, and it tell upon
the third part of the rivers, and upon the fountains of v^aters;

11 A n d the name of the star is called Wormwood: and
the third part of the waters became wormwood; and many
men died of the waters, because they were made buter.

V s . 10, 11.—The object of the third trumpet is

à

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THE APOCALYPSE. 109

,he ‫״‬a.‫־‬r3 a, b ‫ ־‬f o r ‫ ־‬, - t h ‫ ־‬POP-I» >»" ™Ρ'™
bat 1,0t iE collecüve form as a « ‫ ״‬, „j
State of separation or ätseonneoted, as
"VOT ^

‫ ^ ^ ־ ע‬G e n t " : bÄii;: A l i . . SU.

the enemies of the church, and those 01 nc ‫־י״‬
1T1,‫ ״״‬T l - t h e "vengeance ot his tempie.

which the preceding calamities had lett.

12. A n d the fourth an.el Bo-ded^^^^^^^ P-^^

the sun was smitten, and the *^^^Ι^^ L r t of them was dark-

S / r ^ l % ‫ ־‬r ‫ ־‬i ‫ ־ ' ־‬ô ? t ' . n S i f f U r t of it. and the

night likewise. . ‫״״‬:‫״‬4.

V 1 2 . - T h ‫ ־‬design .of all the trumpets .s to ρωη

out the utter destruction »t the Bonran ‫־‬m . r ^ - D a _

niel's " k i n g d o m of iron. (Uan. 11. )

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110 KOTES ON

,l,‫״״״‬h from tl,‫ ־‬time of Constaolioe it »^sumod tl,‫־‬

beabt. U t V .,•ujnpet began to demo-

rr;L:‫;־־‬ÎtÎ‫־‬irsro::,;d‫־‬r ϊό ,iî;::^;
2 r VardaU «oder .1,0 ‫־‬0‫־‬0‫״‬d, and ,1,‫־ ־‬0‫־־־‬s-
,o?"ôf both, Ptevailod to bring down the last 01 ll^e

rasa's Ve the aneient frame ot government s.dl

ohS t«l ‫׳‬r1>e politieal heaven, thouRli shaken, was

Ä^^d-ä;S':0SL^rir^

--t:renft^‫׳‬3îÎrs2

''^;r;;;:;::r™‫״‬i?r^s‫־‬1:;;ïdt'‫׳‬s:‫״‬lîr;Most of the saints had their residence a th s tin e n

Î a, ia anlotL? heresies; as also exposed to per-
fioSon by the eivil powers, ‫״‬hom those heresmre

‫״‬i i n onnress the orthodox 1 consequently, the
; S eo i ' ments of God fallfirstupon that mem-

effects p r U u c e d by the soundmg of the fir^t four

rorii^:o^Är=^*fÄ

Ihe'ruerare eoTrespondently affected. N o » , these

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TUE APOCALYPSE. Ill

a‫״‬.hevvell.‫־‬no«‫״‬a‫־״‬g‫־‬ric‫־‬Ue,.^

: 1 : •; ‫ ־‬h ‫ > ־‬l a » ^ » - t r ‫ ״‬Î ‫״‬

nounces a " woe ^iic^^^^^^^^ ^^J^.^^ judgments

tants of the earth, indicating i

and of longer duration arc aho ^^^.^^

This announcement was mte ‫״‬e

•and awful expectation ^^^^^^^

‫ ״‬heavy ^^^}}‫ף‬ ^X^ent angel,-;ti>Mng

contrast with t ^^t ^ i‫( ־‬,^. χ,ν. ü. How

£S.:^;:::‫״‬no^-ï:u^

-ii;1:::rnr‫;״‬r,e. as we h a ^ s e ^

Ushed the - e s t ^ n div. 1 of ^^^.^ ^^.^^.^ ^^^^

About the middle of the sixtn j ^^^^ elearness,

brought to completion. He , b .^^^ ^ j ^ , .

we may be allowed to antic.! ^ to

tie." Assuming " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' ^ " ^ ^ is Darnel's fourth

be correct, that the ^ « ^ « p " ^ P ù i e t , " or hinderance,

universal « i o n ^ ' ^ ' ; ^ ; . ^ ; ? . ^ ! : „ of S i n ; " since the first

to the revealmg of t^e ™ ^ ^ ^ ^ d that great power,

four trumpets have dismembere j doms;

revealing the "ten toes,--t ‫ ״‬ho ,

we would expect now to hear ot ^^^^

Son of perdition.' But it ^‫זץ‬10t ^^^^^^

effected by the vials, (ch. xvi.)

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NOTES ON
112

good to the ü i v m e A u ü ^ « ; ^ ‫\ ^ ״‬ ^^^‫״‬ji‫״‬g,

eastern section ot the itoman J ^ under re-

where rnany of Ills sain s reside shai‫^^^^^^״‬ ^

,iew. Ecclesiastical h i s ^ r y t a t s i a m ^ ^ . y

areek, as well as ‫ ״ ^«^־‬j f ^ ‫ ״ ״‬, the opening

fourth monarchy; (Dan. ; ? ^ • ; ^ ^ / ^ T t h object of a

lows that the - B - ‫ ״‬-tm^^^ part .of

part of them. AccorOin y ^mmpeis, in-

S ^ d ï ï e C t ; ; ; ' o f f h ^ t h r e i emphatically and

significantly styled "woe-trumpets.

CHAPTER IX.

thfl pit• , ‫״‬f thP smoke locusts upon the earth ;

their foreheads. ^ „ot kill them,

5. And to ' ^ ; ‫ ^ י ^ ״ י‬7 \ 8 ‫^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ י‬ and their tor-

r ‫ ^ ; ״‬a : t \ £ ^ « r o T a scorpion, . h e n he striketh a

man.

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113

THE APOCALYPSE.

'::X7r;mb*.‫ ^ ־ ״‬i o u ‫ ״‬. . U ‫״‬f » 1 is here

er‫ ״‬Roma» ‫״•'"?"•־י‬,the i"d‫״‬ment to be mHiotetl•

employed to , ' ‫ ־ " " ^ ד י י ״ ף ־ ״ ? ־‬, , , „ , - a "st»r, ‫־‬10

^s^‫־‬t‫)״'־־‬o^'"'' *‫־'״"'^״^־" ^'־‬

symbol ‫ ״‬falliog A l ovang ^.,j, ‫״‬

symbol, >‫״ •}•־״‬Ρ'"^'"‫״^״‬0Π‫־‬1‫״‬Τaspirants to places of

oiesiastical offlce ^ ! ‫ ״ ' ״‬ξ, here understood.

roî:g?AÎHiA-‫^^׳׳‬

Sergius, who is known to have oe christian

Mahomet. He had been a monk ot t

. feet called ^estorians from Neston^^^^.^^^^^

This monk Sergius had ^een e ^^^^^ ^^^^

heresy and immorality. He wa g

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NOTES ON
111

devil >s dictator to Mahoroet in composing the K o an

,,‫״‬ch bears internal evidence ο h‫־‬v1n‫ ״‬bee, λ ‫ ״‬ten

1^ one who »as acqnainted ;v,ti, ti,e ! ‫ י‬- ‫י » ־‬
tLs. When this degraded man had 6"
;"sk, he was pnt to death by his master, lest he shonld

''S70Î:na",l,Tbottomless pit. from which issne

a smoke'darkening .he » h o l e face 01 the heave

Seïï'rysL^^tSsir'^'m'Îrm'rpÇ

Erif wricr;‫׳ זד‬ioers‫־‬Ä

t d t n r t f e i r h l p l r . here. represent t

deluded and destructive followers of Mahomet, ν,η

i v a s t multitudes laid waste the nations of weste

Asia southern Europe, and northern Afuca i h

Sa .cens originalirig in Arabia, the national locali

o/the Uter:1 focusts,'in great - ' t i t u d e s hke cloud

laid waste the fairest and most populous portions

the earth for a succession of ages. ^^.‫״״״‬.‫״‬

These symbolic locusts have ^^^o the propertj

scorpions, i poisonous reptile, resemoling ‫״‬1 som

I r e è T l i z a r d combined with a lobster, armed with

t:!::^. the end of its tail. . Wicked and nnp

mon i r e compared to scorpions. (Ezek. 11. 0.) _ D

hese o c u r a r e under rest/aint. They are permit

to lurt on y "those men which have not the seal

[ od m îheÎr foreheads." The time of their conti

0^1y::^"Ä;f.^-^^^^
ï l ^ , C f i 0 6 , Maho^met began ^is i m p o - e ^^^^

of his deluded followers. Between 612 and 7bZ

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TilE APOOALYPSE. 115

n and the w a r l i ^ chiefs w h o ^ c c ^ d e ^ •^^ , ‫ ״‬0 .
.vith terrible des ruction, Sy‫״‬a> i « J « / ^^^^ ^^^^
n and Spain. Although A e Janice ‫״‬
tinned for a logger time yet fronrthi ‫י‬
-
disorderly ^ ^ ^ " • ^ V ^ ' t t h r Year 762, the city of
d tied commonwealth. I n the ,,!!ed
Bagdad was built bj„«"« 0 the cahp ^ ^^^^
ed
. it "the city of peace. / ^ J ? ‫„^ ^ ^ ך‬,^ire began to

Ç vastations of the / ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ‫ י‬, hat during the

Ä decline. It ^ ^ / " f ^ v t e s e cruel invaders, they
time of successful war ^^J these cr
‫־‬ would inflict such ‫ ץ ^ ^ ^ ^ ג ^ ״ ^ ף ^ ״‬but vainly desire
ηο Urns, that they would ea ne t^^^^^^^^^^
en
he death to put an end to thei ^ ^^^^^^^
ity
d is farther said that these locusts esemb ^^^^
ot
‫״‬ indeed they do, especially ‫ ״ י‬J J ^ . j , ^hief force
ot
bians excelled in ^--ma^^^^^^^^^^ ,^^j^.
de-
ha lay in cavalry. ^^^J'^l^^ b y the Arabians as
penit^n
DU may refer to the turbans woj" i ‫״‬1ngdoms
ted
l of pari of their national cos^me 0 .to^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^
i ‫״‬-
which they subdued. ^^^,?;‫^^״^"״‬,^^‫ '׳‬like those of
^
tic of these people. Their teetn

lions indicated their s t r e g t h and fu^^^^^^

"Breast-plates of iron, ‫״‬de^^^^^^^^^^

self-protection by the most enecxu Ρ ^^^^^^

The sound of their wings ^^^'^^"^^^^^^^^ ^ But the

assaults, and the rapuli y the! conj^^^„^^

stroyer: for so is his " ^ ‫ ^ • ^ ״‬/ ^ ^ "bo'ttomless

Hebrew and Greek. He, is trom _

p i , ‫ ״ _ ״‬o m ‫״״״!;;ו־;!!* ^[;־־‬1 of Ms o f f l - • τ;

Z, tie

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116 NOTES ON

This is without a rational shadow of ground for con-
t r 0 4 sy the areat Eastern AMichnst, suöiciently
Si t i n g î s h e d from the Western. The -estern com-
h nation against real Christianity never attamed to
po cr by - - e s s f u l conquest of the "^tmns; bu ‫״‬

be contrary by chicanery, insidious pohcy flatteiy
0 piinc s a i d V - s t c r a f t . This enemy is described
with sufhcient accuracy and peculiar p r e c ^ o n the
subsequent part of the Apocalypse. f ^ J P W has
a determinate meaning; and we are not at liberty to
: ΐ ν Ι ο Γ reins to our imagination: otherwise we
ä a l l bewilder, rather than satisfy the devout and
earnest inquirer.

12. One woe 18 past: and, behold, there come two woes

more hereafter. _

V 12 - B e f o r e the time of the sixth trumpet, m-
tima‫־‬tion is given that some pause f f l ; ‫ ״‬t e r v e n e
nrior to the iudgments which are to follow.— Une
woe is p a s ' ‫ ״‬- T h e object of the first woe is the nomi-
^ l y Christian Bornai empire, which stil stands in
ts Eastern section; and is to be totally demob bed
bv üie s'cond woe-trumpet: for the Western section,
reco erinc from the effects of the first four trumpets,
s t h e o b f e c t o f the third and last woe The " m a n
of Sin ' ' - t h e "little horn" of Daniel, is actuating
t t "t'en horns" to "scatter Judah,"_etc during the
time of the Mahometan conquests m the East, by
Avhich the whole Roman empire is ripening for the
harvest of the vials of wrath.

13. And the sixth angel ««""ded and I heard a voice from

^fÄÄSi-:tdtÄ^

for an hour, and a day, and a month, and a year, for to slay
' \ t l À t : i Z ^ of the army of the horsemen were two

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THE APOCALYPSE. 117

,..dred thousand thousand; and I heard the number of

^.^a^tT7on• Athnedmt,h^u-siI" sgawbrtheeas;tp^ loa^te-sV0o Viirf^i^r V S 1-.^^‫ו״‬

J^^^ , f

llïrS i - e d hre, and smoke, and

brimstone. , •‫״‬j p^rt of men killed, hy the

‫ ״ ״ י ג ־‬/ ^ ^ ‫ ^ ־ ג ו ד ״ ״ ״ י י י‬ίΓ.ί«‫״·»»·׳‬- ‫*׳•״י‬

out'of their mouths. , month, and in their tads ;

with them they do hurt. .‫^ י‬

pet, a "1 vBo-i1ce9 c- o- Amet st hfeo m the to—ur

Slltar," the i^imediate presence 0 •J^^^^ of
‫ן‬
This indicates P‫גי‬n1shn1ent to be 1 reach from

for corrupting the gospel, similar to tn

fire from the "golden f T / ' ^ t d

effects of the ^ / ^ ^ Τ " ^ / , , t H e n t u r y to the latter

the early part of the of Arabian locusts.

partoftheth1rteenth,-theper10a ^^^^^

buring the latter part of *his^^ü^^, ^^^^^^

wtoerwe rehsetldthien Hο.^o^,l^y»^ L a n d. ^ o m tthhee infide^l^s^.^ ,T^h^e^

ufour angels" * ^ ! ^ ^ ^ . ^ . ^ l e ^ u l i i s place literally,

river Euphrates is to be taken " ‫^ י י‬

\s a e s i g - t i n g t h e geo^ap^^^^^^^^ ^^^,‫ ״‬a

bined powers, which ^ ^ " f J^^01_,"'‫״‬ish the remain-
by the enthroned Mediator, to demons

‫^״״‬g part of the Roman ^ ^ P ^ - ' - i , * t r t r o u s work

^ e m ' ‫ ׳‬The time occupm^ m ^^^^JJ^ a year,"

of slaughter is " a n hour a day a mo^^

about equal to 391 years, 01 .‫ ׳‬overthrown

1672. The Western ^P^^^^ ^f,te7n^^

by the first four trumpets the Eastem J

iLîtf \ t Ä h ^ Turks brought

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118 KOTES ON

sand th»‫־‬sa d, ‫ ״‬j , ‫ ״‬, , , , i a ‫ ״‬s , e l l ns that o

they wove, i ‫ ״‬iact, irom our t‫״‬ ;-;‫״ ץ‬

'ans

s i ^ s Ä ^ ^ ? « ‫ ^ י‬: ‫ ״‬tot::

^‫?־‬hr‫י‬r‫פג^צ‬r‫י»«ב‬Γho.«.a.d‫־‬

1 ‫ ־‬. " ‫ ^ ^ נ‬/ - ‫^';״ ף ־‬sratdT.1.ns^

— ,η, ‫ ן ו‬Qf their horses - a s

h 3 ô ‫ ״‬r ‫ " ; ־‬d c T o t e ' s t n g t h , fierceness and era-
‫ ״ ״‬V ‫ ׳‬P i ° e smoke and brimstone issmng ont ot

m o î i Î : ; - m a , be - Ρ Ρ - ^ ^ ^ - ^ ^ Γ t l " ;

pioyment of g ‫ " ״‬P " ‫ ' ' ״ ^ ^ * ' ״ ' ״‬° Ϊ ‫ ־ ״‬1 commander

?h-b:f^‫ ״‬r ^n‫״״־‬-i-f;‫׳‬-tâ

a ‫ ״‬J ‫ ״‬y ,,‫״‬is‫ ״״‬Ο tboKo^n. » ‫ ״‬- •-,,,j ,,one

them wherever they ^vcnt, ab tac oa a .

of an tSie earth punishes impenitent communities.

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119

THE APOCALYPSE.

of this chapter.

sorceries, nor of their ‫ ^ ^ ״‬. ‫ ״‬that were not

Vs. 2 0 , 2 1 . - T h e ' ' - ^ ^ . ^ / t r a l l y destroyed hy

killed by these phagues, ‫^״‬i‫״‬g calamities,

L c o m i n ‫ ״‬Mahometans, hy *he !ore* ç,

" t ^ r o u g h t to repe^ta^^^^^^^ ^^p.,, a

The population of the Western

t o J J Christian chu h stdl ρ .^^.^•a ‫ ^ ן ן‬and

idolatries ^ f j ^ w violated both tables of he

as associated, they « P f ^ ' C ^ ^ ^ these two verses, that

nrorallaw. 1^ is evident rom ^^^^^

the sins enumerated tnero ^^^^.^^a by the

causes of the divme ‫^^^^^^^'^^^^ינ‬ trumpets,-

trumpets,-the two '^o^^nimpetB

yes, including the seventh an ^^^^.^ h

Christians both m the Greelc ^ , ‫ ן‬, ,

after all the plagues "^^f^o^

past six trumpets, eontmue to ti ,^.^^^^

lfworsl1ipping<len‫״‬10s,argeB J ^^^^ ^^^,^^

they can produce no better a 5, ^^,^^‫^ן‬

Ï Î J a n pvedece^ors whom the^L^^^^^^^

u worshipping devds h ^ ^^^^^ ^a worship of sense-

2 0 · Ps• c v i . al.) In.tneu ^ ^ ^^.‫ ^^ן‬cannot

less images, « 0 - ^ - ^ 7 ^ ^ ? - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ 1 "
perceive the identity of inspiration m the
l i t h those Portraj^d b> the pe ^^J^,^^^,^. ^assa-

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120 NOTES ON r
t
in authentic history. Papal bulls, ™P-i^^^ o
prliots issued against liereticH, answer to the secona
m t of this awful picture. Then follow " sorceries, t
S inly Poi^^ i n ‫ ״‬out pretended revelations, false mira- i
S e etc^ To üiese are to be added ''formcat.ons '
cm-poreal and spiritual, in a mass of - i p e t> on
addled to, or supplanting divine ordnances g^her
with vows of celibacy, monkeries and nunneries toi
lowed by public license of brothels. And finaVhy,--
! ' h e f t s B y these are to be understood the illegal

S ‫ ; ; ו ״‬sixth .‫״‬geiso‫־״‬dshis ‫ ^ ־ ך ץ‬- - ‫ ; ^ ׳ ־‬, : : ;

Jcnce of ropontaoco; who ‫ ־‬a ‫^ ״‬.»^, , ,,^;;"‫״‬

commooUy is yot to boYisitcd ,v th tl,‫ " ' ; ־‬d " « ' ^

persisting in her abominations, without ^ P ^ ^ ^ ^ J ^ ^ ;
shall be destroyed by the third looe. L e t not the
ρ o t rea er suppose that by these penal inflictions
on churches, the church of Christ is to perish. N o ,
no. But, 0 ; the contrary, their overthrow is subser
vient to her preservation. This also will appear
S i n c r e S n g evidence as we proceed with our me¬
ditations on this instructive book.

I n the mean time it may be wel *<^, ^^^™f^^^^
at the close of those woes which developed the rise
and F o Ï e s s of Mahometanism, that the creed of this

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THE APOCALYPSE. 121

ξ - ^ ^ ^ ^eligions sect is s u l ^ g t i ^ ^ ü i e

those Christians ea led Socinians ^s of

onsly and arrogantly claim to be t^

the me (^od,-^o^;^o^l^^, A l l who worship,

is one of t h e ; d e p h s of Satan ^.^.^^ ^

as well as beheve ! ‫ ״‬, thiee co 4 ^,^^,^1ρ

Father, Son and ^ o l j ^^^^^^^^^^ V1 g
one God, and m this sense a ‫ י׳‬J^oh^n^i^i . 23.) A n d

stchreivstuarmaellJhnaütahrianno^t the FFaatthheerr.

the same is true of ^ ^ ‫ ^ ״‬who ^

heard whether there be ^ny X ^ ^ e t h the Father and

2.) " H e is Antichrist that den is doubt-

i h i S o n , ' ' - a deceiver and an A^^^ the

less in view of these soul-rmning ^‫^ן‬.‫_ן‬

Ä disciple tendered ^ e c n t i o , ^ ^ ^ L ^

dren, heep yourselves from dois begin with

W e would expect *^e temn ρ ^

the sounding of ^he sej nth trumpe^^,^ ^.^^^^

is not so. Indeed we ? h a ‫ ״‬η ^.^^

mation of the work of ' ] ^ ^ T h e

to the fourteenth verse of the eleve ^^^^^ ^,t‫״‬.oughout

tory.

CHAPTER X •

This chapter and the P^'^Xt^SéZ

the first to the f ^ ' ' ‫ ״ ־ ־‬V^tte fi^^^^ verse of

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.pries of events with the ninth chapter. The ninth

V‫״‬1, »iU, a d o 1 . . 1 : , ‫ ץ‬i ‫{ ״‬,rt ‫ ״‬p ' ‫ » ״‬r ‫ ־‬of arc;

insrigbt l()‫״‬l " 1 ) ‫״^;״^•^'^;ך^' ״‬0^^^ ,,!,en a lion roareth:

Vs 1 - - 5 - ‫ ׳‬f h ‫ ״‬niajestic description ‫״‬i this Angel
H‫״‬-P It is Dröper to God-man only.

^ I v X S 'di^ the Mediator's glory
it partly the bainc 01_p . ‫ ^;^ן^ ןן‬the case
which we had m ch. 1.15. Especially ‫״ ^ ״‬

which it IS appended. A l s o , it is m‫־־‬
which would make it larger than the seaiea υ

c‫ ״‬tho sounding of tlio sevontli trumpet. Ihat t,nm

Ιΰ

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THE APOCALYPSE. 123

pet had been without its appropriate object as pr^-
L n t e d i n any P - c e d 1 n | par of the p^ ρ

present that object f e Ρ ^^^^"^ this book of R e -

L o k . A l l the 0vents piedu‫־‬teü1 ^.^^^

velation axe.not succe srve m the 0 ^^^^

some are coincident; ^nd the nsp ^^^^^

Apocalypse, on several § ^te^ length,

shall see, in « [ * ^ f ^ ' - ^ ' ^ ^ ^ T o b s c u r e l y narrated,

,.hat had been bu hriefly a^d obsc^^

The angel set his [ e e ^ P ^ ^^bien^atically signified
.tool; hy which position s m o A n d this

his sovereign ^‫^"^^״‬°"‫^״‬:‫״‬0teaching in the days of
is agreeable to his own plam teach g ^^^^
l,is public m i n i s t r y : - - A l l powe g...^

in heaven a ‫ ״‬d - ^anb^ f ^.ean literally in the

trod upon the b ‫ץ‬0 s 01 " thereby evidence of

state of bis hum l.ation g ‫״‬1g t h e i e j ^^^^^^^

his p o - 1 • over- the inysti a - ^ - ; ^ ^ , ^ , , t i ^ sig-

are s t i l l ; " and ^ 1 •^^^^^6*»^‫•^־‬be reigns over

are at war or in P ^ f ^ ^ ‫ ^ ^ י‬L ' ' h i s right foot on

them as their rightful soveie.gn, ssion
^a^u^^th^o^r^i^t.y^^, "as
fjl^Ztit^tohfeusneiav,erasnadl dhoisminion, he sp a

when a lion roareth. ^ I t l ou ^^.^^

::if^nghisUa^i- —

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124 NOTES ON

" sealed up " until it be demonstrated to all the
world by the seventh trumpet and vial.

t a t i e l S b w h i r ; ‫ ־‬. a w stand upon tbe sea, and upon

V s 4-7 —The attitude assumed by the A n g e l ot
the eovenant is very impressive instructive and ex¬
e m p l a r y : - " his hand lifted up to heaven. i h i s is

^^^^‫ך‬1;‫^^'^ך‬Ä t c r n a l attitude of solemnity most becoming the

• r a n f X ‫ ״‬perfomring the act of

{he oath. Abraham, m the presence of the king ot
Sodom, used the same form, ^ppealmg to the Lord,
thP Most Hiiih God, possessor of heaven and eartti.
Gen xiY 22.) " K i s s i n g the book " has no example
‫ ״‬a ï Ζ Bible ; hence it is unquestionably of hea¬
then and so of idolatrous origin and tendency. No
Chiïstian can thus symbolize with heathens, without
!;'lar " h a v i n g fellowship with devils' as really as

^ " A ^ ^ ^ f Î î : ^ A : g S s ^ l w s ; i Î H h a t there
shou b e l m e no longer ‫ ״‬Here it is humb y sug-
tested that our excellent translators are faulty as
f‫ ״‬ch iv 6, already noticed. Neither the original
S r e c ' c i e x t nor the'coherence of the symbolic nar¬
rative will sustain or justify the version. John, like

toSlya ï pio'u people, when he heard the lion s voice fol-
the ^' s;ven thunders,; was filled with solemn
awe, anticipating the coming dissolution of all things.

/

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THE APOCALYPSE. 125

Jlcs mistaking ''2) ‫י*^'״‬ Thess. U.

language of P a u l 1γ18 n r s i Ρ ,
speaking of the end of ihejov

nians, relative to the apprenen ^^^^
inter¬
of the L o r d , Paul wrote ^^^^"‫ י‬l ' J ' l l \ n g e \
take; so it may be supposed that ^ « ^ gj ‫^י‬,^^
posed this s o l e - assuran e to

twhoerdlsikien Pthfe? o‫״‬r^ig^in. a‫״‬l^ l‫ן‬it‫ך‬er.a^' ^‫^^^^^^^ ׳‬ ^^^^ =

uThat the time shal not be ye^^^.^^

" t i m e of the end, as we re*

not be, till the seventh t r ü g e t begin

The p h r a s e , - ; H i m e of the end^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

the final « v f 1^-;J3^^^^^^^ between

of the ^N'orld, hecause ot ^ ^ ^ ^ t a i n meaning then

the two events, -the^iaina ‫ ״‬mystery of God
of the Angel's oath ^s, that tb^ y y^ ^^^^^^^

shall be finished' only by the work

, ‫ ״‬g e l . What this ^yf‫׳‬qj'J\,\i been long

the following chapters Indeed it

before declared to the proph^^^^^^^ ^^^^

^'^''^ff'X^^panied with of glad

U e ; for the word ^ ^ ^ ‫ ף‬f ? ^ ^ a n d significance as

ttihdaitnwgsh,icbheiwnegtxthaens^la^te^,^-^/o^^I^spTeg^ cgooàon e w - s . Acco^rd.^-

ingly, our S a v - u r directs h^^^
appearing either to ove^throw^^^^

to judge the y o ^ l ^ ' H ^ ^ ^ Imo to pass, then
; X ^ t V l l Ä ^-as; for your redemption

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126 NOTES ON

araweth ni‫״‬11." (Luke x x i . 28.) To the prophet

Î)a'" h lame event was attested with hke solem-

T)an xii 1.) This is the period to which the

: ^ e r i ‫ ״‬ahit • o f G o d have been long looking for¬

S l i d w ^ believing and joyful hope. A s Abraham

rejoiced to see Christ's day of appearing m our na-

u e and by faith saw and it and was glad; so the

ove'nanted'seed of the father of the faithful in the

! Γ o f prophecy, and by .prf^ous aith, ai^

favored with a view of the certain downfall of mys¬

tical Babylon.

1r.:f!;‫־‬à;‫״‬r‫׳‬i ‫ צ ״‬Χ έ ΐ ^ ' s «Ρ»« ...» ‫!<» » ־‬

‫"״;״׳׳‬:‫״‬.‫־׳"•יד‬.,, ,m.» !..« »‫־־״‬.,‫ו״י״‬ ‫׳‬:;‫ ב‬S

m a ‫ ״‬y peoples, and nations, and tongues, and kmg..

γ . 8 - l l . - J 0 h n is next directed by a voice from
Waven,' or'by divine a ‫ ״‬t h o r i t y , - t o take and eat the
; ; ; ; ‫ ״‬l)00k. There is obvious allusion to a simdai
t1ï"sac'tîon in Ezekiel i i i . 1-3. The prophet was a
A X by the river of Chebar in Babylon, under the
Ion ‫ ״‬on'of t h e ^ r . i beast of Daniel, as John was m
S m o s under th^at of ihefmrth; and b o t h - e r e fa-
vourcd and employed by the glorious H ad of Λ ο
church in an eminent part of their ministry. Ihe
'^ΐ;·d is not bound" when ministers are m confine-

The "eating of the book" representsthe intellec¬
tual appreheiSion of the things which it contained^

" T h y words were found and I did eat them, -

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THE APOCALYPSE. 127

X V 16 ‫ו‬ A speculative knowledge of the word

mourning and «oe, .••l'‫^־‬z‫־‬k‫־‬l ‫ ״‬, P^_._.^,,.^

commonwealth of nations, howe ^^^^^
xviii. 17.)

IÛ

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128

CHAPTER XI•

The narrative «f. I - P ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Ä "

at the end of the ^ ^ t h chapter ^^^^ .^^^

and the greater part oi 13^‫״‬, appearances

he t h i r t i . n t h v e y e mclasive ρ sen^ J P ^ ^ ^^^^

and actions quite ^ ‫ ^ ' ׳ ך‬, ^ ^ . Why is this, the

the sounding of the ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ; ^ ^ u i naturally

thoughtful student 01 the Apoc y !

;tded?a s k ' ° Why is the regular seiles ο ^^^^^^^

'when t j - ^ - ^ ^ ^ H e naturally expect

:5Si-"FS?r^^^

regular succession i J e s ^,^^ ^^^^^^ ^,!,,

lowed successively, ana

^vi•) , K , t the obiect of the trumpets was

We have seen that the ‫״‬0j« Daniel's pro-

the Roman empire, ^^jo foui h h a s ^0 ^^^^

phecv. The same is the «c ^^^^,,!,‫ ״‬and

•,b‫״‬e‫נ‬f-ir‫י‬s»t fovnisriotnram; Vpe^ ^hLadt d‫־‬1‫־‬i s h o d i u ' p e„-exl tpowtweor,
in ,1,0 ivestern or Latm ‫ ^ ״ ^ ־‬j‫״‬5phratean horse-

r'hÄtrr-^^^

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THE APOCALYPSE.

. ΚΛΤ the Northern bar-

Under the first four tn-P^^^^^^ by the M a -

barians ; and under the tus ^^,^^.^ over-

hometans, both «^^f^f^L-esses upon our attention

thrown. Thequestionnowpes f^^g tremendou

Vhere shall we find an object ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^

Judgment to be 1"^^!°^^^ '^‫״‬1^tion. It demands i t ,

‫׳־‬This question requires ‫ ^ ; ״ ; ^ ן‬i , , t i o n of history to

and he who succeeds η th^^app ^^^^ Apocalypse J i 1

: Ä t Ä Ä t . ^ _ empirons toh^

Daniel's fourth beast, tne i. ^ sym-

eoi^:em;1ated in diverse aspc^-s the^

ob'viously require. A l l J n o _ ^ ^ ^

Ci^—ti^^niethm^^^^

t e n t forms or aspects^ Of^ cou^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^

that object as Presented. ‫ך‬ empue

the sixth seal, ch. vi. 12-1 ‫)י י‬ destroyed

underwent a - ; t ' ^ ^ ' ^ h e m p - hecame Christian

as to its Pagan form. J ^ ^ ^ / ^ . o v e s that Christian-

under Constantino. H i ^ ^ ^ ^ J ^ . o f that monarch

Uy degenerated ^^^^^^^^'^^J'folatry and persecu-

H d his successors. H e r y, ^J^^^ ,^e ern-

r d i c a i e ' t b e divine goverimien^^ while

frolatry and ^ ^ e ^ ^ ^ h r ^ e t % h i c h had heen in-

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or sixth trumpet. ; ^ ^ ‫ { ^ ־‬/ ^ ‫״‬eople of Christeu-

which had been uiflictec ^‫י‬0‫ח‬1 ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i m p e n i t e n t , -

dorn uudcr_this trumpet Itft then J> ^

‫ ״‬w o r s h i p p ‫ ״‬. g ^^^^^^'t^^fäird woe is to be f o u n d , -

where the object of ‫״‬ ‫ ״‬o w become an-

namely in the same ^ ^ " ^ ^ ^ ' ? ^ ^ ' describe this

tichristian more than e m ^ f o i e • ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^,^

antiChristian combination a ‫ ״‬a Ρ ^^^^-,^ted, and

Ixoly City shall thty t i t a a 3. ‫ ך‬Ν !ves the con-

V s . 1, 2 . - T h i s chapter, ( - ,^10^,‫;״‬

tents of the " I f e book ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ , , , , brief descrip-

as in the tenth o^apte · It co ^,^^^.^^^

tion and prospective l‫״‬st‫״‬1y «t ^^^e^

Christ for a period of ; : ' ' J ; • ; ^ ^ , , epitomized. As

with Daniel's all along

the scene is laid in the t e ^ P ' « !^,^bly a special al-

i ‫ ״‬the Apocalypse, - . ; ^ ^ ^ j Ρ ^ Γ χ Ι 5.) A t a l l

lusiou here to E ^ ^ ^ ' f ^ Τ'^' to be organized, and

times the Christian f ^ ^ ^ i j ^ ^ Î ^ ' e d by divine rule.

,11 ber ordinances to be ^dm ‫ ״‬stei « y^ ^^^^^^

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THE.APOCALYPSE. 131

• · +,.Λτ L o n f before the

only king to the gospel - - f ;^;,.,^edrtbe apostle

time of the transactions he! e ρ ,-ork

John bad gone the - a y of all^^^^^ ^.^ ^^g^.^^.te

here enjoined was to ot^ ‫ץ‬

successors. , . ,‫^ י‬o^d of God. I t is

The reed is the syinb^l «^^^^^^^^^^^^ ‫ ״‬measuring l i n e . "

of the same import as^ecba^'^^^^^^ purpose- 'to

(ch. i i . 1,) and to he us d for the s ^1^^^ ^^^^

measure Jerusalem, b^emp^^' ‫ ״‬temple altar
matical of the church of God^ ^^^^,,b, her

and worshippers "1^^^^‫^^^־‬. ^ ‫ · ״‬hi Ρ, tried by the

doctrines, worship a^i^^n^em^^ 1, ^^^^^.^^^ ^

Scriptures-the "reed. i h j ^er foot both

worship in the o‫גי‬ter court read^^ .^^^^^^^^
J^^^^.J^J,it and the city.
They are rejected

trous professors of ChrisUani y ^e

by God as ;'^P'^obat^Veirowshlp ‫״‬f his p e o p l e , - a u -
^^^^,, to whom
"cast out" from the f « » ?

thoritatively excommun ca eel 7 ^^^^^,

Jesus Christ has gfv«‫ ״‬he ‫^״‬y 0 ^^^^ ^1^^^^^^^^^ ^

Here then, at the disclo ‫ ״‬g ^^^^ 1»,,,‫ן‬,

little open book, it is mani est ^^^^^^^^ , , ‫ ״‬t u r y ,

from the sixth ti-umpet "1 the se

when the Eastern sec ion of tlu^^ i ^^^^her

subverted, by the Othr‫<״‬xn ; ^otemporaneous y

view of society in Chr s er^^^^^ necessarily that the

with the trumpets, ^ ^ * ' ^ , ^ m e imagine, under any

little book does ^ ^ « ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ ' . ' , ^ 3 ^ 0 0 ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

onetrumpet; n i ^ h l e ^ ^ o f I ' ijpse, ,,hers

remaining ^ ^ ^ P ^ ^ ^ ^ y f^.^ter νί^^ receive increasing

vainly suppose. J-his u1.>‫׳‬

confirmation as we advance ^^^‫ ן‬,bose

Those who worship ^ ^ ^ T d e n t l y listing

^ho worship without are J ^ ^ , , , tested by

from each other They^^^^^^ as authoritatively

the word 01 ‫ ״‬o u ,

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‫״‬nv‫־‬,tPd according to the rule of the same word:
hereas the ‫ ״‬e ‫ ״‬t a e worshippers are so numerous
forAxheiea^ne t_ , ^^^^^ the city, the

1: Γ riariipl thus• ‫ ״‬t l m c , times, and a halt,
η T h a t t 8 G 0 , .h‫'־‬numb‫־‬r.of days i ‫ ״‬the

\ • T i t • times M• T20, tbe days m two years;

aS t a i r a % i r : o r ‫ ״‬1 8 0 , A e days in^half y e a .

t r - t l m e s • • m e a ' Î r ; « , and tlreo a clrild . a y
calculate tliese mystical numbers.

clotlicd in sackcloth. ., 1 ‫ו‬, αΛ
V ^ — W h i l e the nominal church, "the outer

S id îaters, infidels, l.ypocrites, and mer narj

SÄe‫״‬2r «sÄÄ

::;vÄto^SirtÄ^He--

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ΤΗΒ APOCALYPSE. 133

multitude treachercmsly ^ J - ^ e d ^^om Hm^^^^ T h ^

Lord Christ promises «uj'"' ,^‫ ״״‬o f their special

all their tribulations. Ihoùm^

work is the very ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ' e d and three score

holy city, " a t^°^^^""Vn attempting to fix the be-

a a / s , " - l 2 6 0 years ^ ^ j,‫״‬hn must be com-

ginning of this P f ^ f ' ^ i ' ^ ^ ' ^ e events and dates, and

lared Γ both treat of the ^^^^^,^ ,station. Daniel

ïthixiessgtihveessede^vfei n^tfsftol lthl ef ofotutrhth m^ ^^^^^ h a d.

been broken va F^^‫ ; ^ ^ '«^־‬f h l v e both the geography
(ch. v i i . 23-25;) so that we na ^^^ts them-

r‫״‬d chronology d e t e r m i ^ d by the p^^ Ρ

selves. Hence it follows that j e

' ^ n n t i g of the 1260 years a^^^^^^^ the^ h ^ ^^^^

^ets; for by these the wes ern ^^^^^ ^ . ^ ^

ksmembered or broke^ that th ^^^.^^ ^^ose after

‫״‬ear. Then the "httle horn reliable ex-

? ‫ ״‬d among them «h. vu. 20 ^ ) ^ ^ , ,

positors agree that the m u ^^^^ ,ρ

ι the R o - f , i ^ ' ! [ ^ i t s f the Most High.,:' and

cial enemy of the samts 25.)

they are to be g^^^^^/^^^^^^^ the Roman empire

The first four trompe s ^ b v e f ^.^^^

in the west in the latter part 0

This event made way for the 0 J ^le-

‫ ״‬nnteprrocess of time, to a ^ ^ - ^

siastical power. The ‫· ^^'י^״‬ ,vere at this pe-

s‫״‬irt‫׳‬r«n^ife^^^^^

Lally toP"^ä/?,!!'I°tb bfood of the ‫־‬it;‫־‬ens

cas, having ‫זי‬aded through t h ‫־‬

to supreme cml power, »^<i« J ‫ ״‬j , „ „ , , bead of the

declared Bomface Ι " 7 blic act took place

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and state conspire, as Be^ er be 01 e
thority of Jesus Christ the Med atoi. , ‫ ^ ך ז ־‬m,

flu'' has been "revealed in his time.' (2 Ihess.
« ‫ ד‬p î L i S m has been abolished by formal edict

wealth. i ü a t wuicu , "taken out

1 ^ ; ; ? ^ v ‫ ־‬r ° ‫ " ־‬r - ™ ^ " a S S i a n i t y takes its

‫־‬s;u‫ו‬c‫ו‬occLp^eudiimi;2^ ^chapI ters Ot tms oului Kt>f..t l p oiien DOOK, ‫ י׳‬tro‫״‬

äm^:'?^t^^^^

|c:tfÄ‫״‬:g^
, , , ‫ ״‬t ‫ ״‬. n i s h e s occasion fo^^^

publicly against t h m . ^ '^''O ρ ^.^reasing

but real hypocrites, as ; ^ P ? " ‫ ן‬,!^^ , ; „ b t s of

evidence as wc proceed, ^^ve u^^iipc

Mcssiali's crown, and g^^evou^ y opp cs.eü _

î;ir\hLf;?A P - e s ^ ^ ^:;r^rLSs

"witnesses," is !!^‫־ך‬..^^^‫^^!״‬,^"^ J.) But wit-
:!SsÎAeÎ^itS^^^efrtllaeathare

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THE APOCALYPSE. 135
(^^ϋ-ΙΒ;
,,tinguished by the name of

^Äs^Jhis.«^

feanl-loorf aAndd uanmgo,d?li^ne^s^s, ^b^utt th^^^?^^^^^^ ^ ‫^^ ״‬.^ ''''

witnesses is to oppose t e corrup ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^

dinances of cjarch and ate Ü ^^.^ !^x

period of 1260 years T h e j ^ ^ d here-

system of civd and ^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ f .„^ereign providence 0£

s'y, in the holy P^^'P^J^^-f^d uncompromising oppo-

God, calls for the P^^ f % e shall discover the

sition of the two - 1 * " ^ ^ ^ \ ; ,^‫״‬fliet hereafter ; and

two parties in more visible co ^^^^^^

tracing the struggle to its iss ,

η 7 Z ' : : : t a ^ \ » e serpent, (Gen.

iti^^Cr^-—

These witnesses are disting ^ but these

the whole. A l l witnesses are not m^^^J^^^

are such, (v. T, x^^^^^^, opinion of some exposi-
strained to dissent ^ ' ^ ‫ ^ " ״‬, ‫ ך ן‬, ‫ ״‬entertain profound re¬
tors, for ^vhose sentiments ^^ee^^^^^^^^^^^

spect. These " t w o witnesses u^^^

b i n e n t interpreters to d‫״‬1 ^^..^^ ^^^,,ed

144,000 sealed ones, ' ^ ‫ ^ ״‬. - ‫ י‬whereas, we

ompaey. ( S ‫ ־ ־‬f t : r t l ' è ‫ ־‬- s Î ; e • t j , - a ‫ ״‬d the

is evident « ‫ " ' י‬, \ *l^'oved' .0 "teige

„ l o i e of tl.o party, « 0 ί ^)

Christ a thousa,.i ^''^eeause one witness is

a-hey are ( . ‫ ' ״ ״ ״ ל " • ־ ״‬b l i s h any matter in eon-

‫ ״ ״‬t sn&ient in h . « , to ‫^ ־ " " ־ ־‬ ! . , They are

troversy. (N‫״‬m. ‫ • ' ״ י י‬f^^itu tlreir opponents, (eh.

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136 NOTES ON b

assimilated to their predecessors.

4 These a.e the two olive trees and the two candlesticks

standing hefore the God of tiUicnntb^ proceedeth out of

5. A n d i f a n y m a n w d l hu t tiiem,!^^^

their mouth, and ^^^voure h Ü^e r »

will hurt them, he '"ust m th s m.rmei ^^^^ .^^ ^^^^

β. These have power J . ^ " over waters to turn

with all plagues, as

1-‫ד‬3‫'"ד‬These are the two - e s and the

J c ‫ ־‬a n d f e s t i c k s , ‫ ״‬answerahle to Joshua and^^^^^^^^

bsacbrieplt,utrhael -mPag- i^st-r^ac; y‫^ ף‬m^ tthterir' ddaayy a T^s^ ^e.n^ ^^ y the

and man. (1 1 ™ · , ' / ; , * ^ t V ^ f God and of his
Thus were those publ c ^ervan s ot u ^^^^
people qualified who 'stood ^ ^01 e the υ -

as Moses ^ fSious'allusion

Klisha ‫ ״ נ‬Israe , to ^ ^ ^ * ^ , , „ , , , e s . (2 K i n g s i .
in the special ^^oik 01 tncso ^^^^.^^

10; 1 K i n g s x v u . l ; ^ ^ ^ f ,‫־‬, f o m the scrip-

eeedeth out of their .‫׳;^;״^־‬, ~ ^ p ^ the impeni-

,,,es they d e ‫ ״‬o - c e J‫״‬s^ J^^^

tent enemies 01 him w cm i e^ _^ 1 ^^^^^

‫ ״‬s m i t e the earth with all Pl'^Snes. when

to their prayers Τ ^ δ - ^ ^ / ^ ^ ^ Χ ; ‫ ״‬t Î n waters

^ Τ Τ Γ ο ϊ ' ^ Ä ^ ‫ ״‬i ‫ ג‬1 1 m ί e f ä t i ^ e agency, the
n,to blood - b e n th ou instruments of
;rafdl^^^^^^
t h . is made more clear

in the symbolic " v i a l s , " (ch. 16.)

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THE APOCALYPSE. 137

but because * e y , - a ‫ ״‬ä « ‫ ץ‬j^Vj, far as they
receive light irom

tbemselvesm.P‫־‬rt.‫־‬ular,of ab ο-• g ^^^„^ j

shall these ».tuesses j^ed and persecuted,

Tor however few, ^ • 0 " ‫ ״‬, desp.s^ there are

even unto death; ' ' ^ i ^ J o r t h a claim to be iden-

and New Testaments -^^^ \,.,^‫״‬esses die; but t i e

groundless conjectuv s• ^ « they should

two prophe tsnamed ' ;^^re tra terous that

t see'death and ^ ‫ ^ ^ ^ ^ י‬t i e i r V ^ - ^ / ^ ^

they should be brought agam 1 ^^ious death,

of immortality and subjected to an g

John Huss and J^rom of ?^^^^ , ground to

1260 years, nor have we the ^ ‫^^ ןן‬er prolong

X ' e tbat any ^ [ ^ , t T e ^^^^^^^^f> iod

their days on earth to the age ^ Qod

t t Tesuments cannot die for th

Uleth and abideth ^ / ^ ^ ^ ; , X b l e to confute the

it would be tedious and unp^ ^^^.^^ bave been

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the m‫™־״‬t». Th‫ ־‬f ‫;״‬-‫׳‬:,,ΐΓί‫״‬1‫״־'״‬

nions Imve bcon, and stdl .ut p . o a

to ‫ ״‬l , ‫ ״‬t constitutes " the * " ' f , t v y ^ ‫ י ״ ־‬al ot t h i

•i " !:',?.; and-Aciv op,‫־־‬n‫־‬n.s

-5,‫י‬-‫י‬ ‫״‬: :‫;׳‬:‫ ״וג‬. r 0 ‫ ״‬, .

Όcan any c i e attain ιυ
‫״‬,villinf?lv ‫״‬norant
•f 1,1 ,‫^״‬.‫ו‬1;U Avho remains \1UU1L,1J

manifold details, . ,‫״ ; ן‬,a‫״‬dest of all

of the principal « h ^ ' i ^ a ^ s ‫ ״‬s^^^

tn.^ico-tlramas, presented to ""^^'^ ^ ‫״‬1,ed i°r

‫״‬r Jehovah's m‫״‬r‫־‬a -‫;״!{״‬:;:.^ ‫ ״‬T Î ^ ^ - e î ^ H i n g ig-

U,e whole period 01 ^ - f " >;,‫^־‬, J^,, the minds of

„orancc, bewilderment Ç1101 1 t

most spectators ot these ‫ ״‬m ‫״‬1g cenes ^^^^

ranted to expect. (Dan. -^^;•;^•) i^^^.^^^

Lord Chnst. touc ,,,!!1 snore

maliy presented. ‫ ן‬,‫ ^^^^ן‬,,,!t-

Let us never lose sight of ^ ‫ · ^ י ״‬, , , ^ s ,

‫״‬esses cease not to p r o p h e s y ο ;ΦΙ . ,^^^

especially the P - P ^ ^ κ ^ ^ ' f ^ ^ ^ ^ ' j 'S^. i / . . ; Z‫׳״‬e.

,y/io/c period 01 1200 y e a i s , J'^'^V ‫״‬vidence that

Authoiitic history -PP^?«f ^ ^ ^ f ^ i ^ ^ l i o ^ g since the

such has been their special work | ^ «ng

‫ ״‬. e of the antiChristian enemy, f\7/‫ ! ! ״‬, , ‫^ ן‬

obscurely - n t i o n e d - - n ^ ^ ? ; ; t e as a l t d y said,

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139

THE APOCALYPSE.

.,ents of the witnesses ^n^y \ e J « ^ " / B H t i i h , the

° ' ‫״‬tc —men "mighty ^ : ‫ ״ ן‬of nations,

τ S1sί‫־ ־‬I nΐ f‫־‬l uη e«n ηc e‫״‬, oont . t‫״‬h‫־‬e ,,„^""/ttestedi ïhe

their very enemies have f ^ i ^ ^ e n deemed weighty.

» 1 s i e d‫» ״ ד‬f ‫ ־ ״‬î , ‫י ^ י ״ ״ ^ י ״ י‬ ‫׳?״־״^׳־‬1^
^^^i^p^ted by
ïïioftheR0t‫־‬anl3mp.r‫•־‬. ^ vemnant e‫־־‬ape>l
„f the Panlieians or

in the church, and even ^η ^^^^^ gt. Pau ,

1‫י‬ +·ΐτρ Rible as tue luie υ , ^j^ostic
braced ttie ‫ינ‬1‫ ^ייט‬, , visions ot tne v>
their creed from all the England,

' x ^ r *00.:‫ ד‬ot;w

1260 yeavs i‫" '»י< ־‬t'"^• ‫׳‬

' ^ ^ u t e n a commentary on pro-

,‫^^^^^—״?מג‬

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beast tlml asecntlctli on ' f ‫ ' י‬, ^ ^ ‫ ״ ״‬, ‫ ״‬î , n \ liill l

„it^ ' ' ; s ; r s ; S ‫ ״‬1 r ‫ ־ ־‬Î ‫^ ^ ״‬ ‫י־״‬

,,,,lions, .l.aU sec " \ » ‫ ״ » < > ; ״‬i ^ £ ‫ ״‬0 ‫ ־‬l,nt 1» g ï . v

‫ " י‬Τ ' 7 10 - I n those verses we have deserib
a J t i I f t ; w i n Les, as aiso AO ag^nt men

l>v Avhom the fatal stroke is given. A s

£ 1 1 ^ . ‫ ״‬oeeur for ^ ^ . - * ^ ^ - § . ^ , ^ ^ 0 ^ o r f g ^
ascertaining with precision J?« dia^o^^^^^^^^^
only hinted, his crimes and his awlul doom,

niatnre to amplify m *^"^ P l ^ c « . ^ . ^^•,,
I f the witnesses cannot be identinea, i

the time of their death be ascertained J e
deed among expositors as ^^^J ^^^^^""^^,^
tive to the tirne * h ^ a i ^ ^ of ü^^^^

î ^ ^ î n ^ e r f A e r ^ might amn

^ y ^ ^ -- ï r q ^ s · t i o n s are suggested

whom; in Avhat manner, when, and

‫ ״‬p ophesy" during the allotted time, constit
life. They live, that they may prophesy.

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THE APOCALYPSE. 141

lliem. is . s u a l t o speak o f . « | ^ X : S Ä
v‫־־‬. -^p-E::et^h:^eb.nln.^^^^^

The day long." (?^‫ ^ ^ ־‬I l c y do a - a y s a c c o m p a f per-
less defection and apostacy^^ ^^^^ ^ ‫ ן‬ed.

secution; and thus the test m y ^^^^^^^^^ ^ , , ^ , ^ 0

But the enemy m this case ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ,

b l o o d " of these wimesscs, and ^^1

understood hterally. Moreo^ ^

"blood to drink because 0 ^.^^

bed the iÏe!^iS:i^itl^"i--^--^^°‫״‬°^''‫־־‬
n‫״‬oned,

^^^^^^^ a half," ‫ ' צ ן ^ ^ ^ ^ ״ ^ י ג ׳‬o r years; because if these
F
^J^^^ ^^^^^^^C e and a half days <‫־‬0 - dcie^^
,^er can same as the 1'260 days or J : ^ prophetical,

^ - d 1 ^_ and reduced to 11tera^^iys,t-^^^^ ^
as in
to 1260. Such an interpiei ^^^^^ ^

posterons; simply becaueaccoi^di.^^^^^^.^^

thesis, they n . ‫ ^ < ״‬n ‫ ״‬e d a i a ‫ ״‬.

^ t a v i n g ascertained the r m t u r e o ^ t ^ ^ ^ i ^ S

nse, they

^^rS

or about to hnish affects η prophesy,

‫[״‬me. While they live, Like their
ζζΙ^'^'ΙΙand their testimony
eonformed, their

Master, to whose o^^an^P J ther. These facts,

ife and testimony are h^^^f^'^^^^^ ,,ui be more satis-
briefly and o b - a r e l y h^‫ ״‬e^ W e , ^ ^ ^^^^^.^^^^

tutes the r factorily presented tn tne
Hen.e
10

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142 NOTES ON

twentieth chapter, (vs. 1-4.) But i - s j - ^ î ^ ^ ^ ^ j
if not most interpreters, have expressed tlie opin
L t thTwitnessL are already slain the fol o
arguments in the negative are submitted to

The 1260 years are not yet terminated, du

w h i c t - t h e whole of which time,-the witnesses

70 -nronhesy,'• (v. 3.) Their testimony is j^et

tinned and^ensibly felt by the wicked. They

m o r r ô r less " t o r m i t them that dwell on he ea

fv 10 ) Beyond the usual reproach attached to

Lames^and t\eir work there has hee‫״ ״‬o^ge

reviling and deriding of them throughput Chri

dorn to render their memory infamous, (v. 9 .

; P o l r i o u s epithets such_as "These deceivers

i d l e they were yet alive ‫( ״‬Matt. ‫]'^־‬

thev mieht be conformed to their Lord in his d

Nor a tly have "they that dwell upon the e

exulted 2 ' y e t over t l L e hated i-hvuluals

longer "hurtful to kings and provinces, -alth

here have been, oftenfpartial but premature

tneie naAc , enemy. But although

ü 0 ^ ‫ ' ב‬t i L " 0 1 o n h : : . Le fallen, to try

and to pùrg;, and to make them white" as pred

man xi. 35;') yet the time of "making merry,

in2 gifts,"—is not yet come.

^VVhile we believe, on the grounds adduced

much more might have been cited from the con

T a t the death of the witnesses is to be unde

Ite ally we do not suppose that every mdi

S b e ' ^ e r s o n a l l y put t ^ e a t h ^ ‫ ״‬0 ^ as

time of Eliiah's banishment, or of our Saviour

In the graie, there will be no pub ic body o

vBual standard-bearer, to bear testimony agai

: ‫ ״‬e m es 0? Jesus Christ, or boldly to assert an

his roval claims upon church and state. In

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THE APOCALYPSE. 143

j^^^ understood mystically, / h e piac
nion
o-ng It follows of _CQurse,-tha P'aee 1^ contracted
o the
vvitnesses, (ch. xviii. -^•j ^ ‫ ן‬j^^^,]^ ^ f
uring
s are here, that in ascertaimng the p U e «t t
con-
y stil thes^ distinguished secant of Chi.st,(^^^ ^^^^
arth
ttieir S ^ r l t ^ ï î a Î ^ e iro^s 0 ^ ^ ^ of heavenly
e‫ ״‬-
isten which is most ë^^%'l^^‫^ך‬fZvee

)0^‫־־‬ ‫ ״ ו ׳׳‬i ; t m n of Chr stendom as poitrayea m au
r ‫ ׳ ׳‬τ ί ‫ ־ ; ־‬, ζ ; : r L ' : * : ‫ ־ ״ ^ י‬- ‫״־־־י ־•״^ ־‬
said
]^
dcatli.
earth
as ‫ ״‬0
hougn
rej01-
h irom

them
dicted,
, send-

,
-and
ntext,-
erstood
ividual
in h
s lying
or indi-
inst the
nd près
n pios

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144 NOTES ON

most numerous, active, and PO-^ed in testifyiug
a ‫ ״‬a i n s t encroachments on the crown-r.ghts ot Mes
•V ThAvo nlso lordly prelates, m close alliance
: ; • A a \ 1 — h o i / o f A ‫ ־ ־‬b ‫ » ־‬t . have often

,vi.h .1, . v o r n vassal, of t ‫ ' ־‬man c,f η .η

‫ ' " ״‬t T , ; " ‫ ״‬i ‫ ״‬1 f ^ : ™ ‫ ״‬° n ? o f f the Ι ‫ ־‬Γ 0 Γ Protestant-

" ‫ י‬shon make common cause w.th u‫״‬d,sgnn‫״‬Kl
nfide Û in slaying tl.o witnesses aga.nst their hea-

i‫י‬

and a halt, l o i tHexNOi otherwise we fall into an
1 ;:;:.1:r:1h,:‫?״‬:^i‫׳״‬t.rof Ό ΰ « : : : co‫״‬fu‫־‬io‫״‬.‫ץ‬.•‫״‬

1 s . it appears that "the triumphing 01 th
k 1 I i i s s ort ·• I f "whilo tho wicHeJ is m pow

: ‫ \ ״‬a u ‫״‬0 G o i l , " we arc called to "J‫״‬0r tre-
S ; ! g with o u / n i i r t hς ‫^^^^^״‬

:^:?e^s^Si ‫ י‬r i W e l y h o p e ; • and warrant us t

ioin mirth with our trembling.

‫ ״‬rload• and tlieir enemies beheld them.

1 2 . _ I n these two verses, as i n the pr
r p d i n / t h e thoughtful reader will discern a beauti

£Srt%hehrst01T0füresewit‫״‬ces,^^
and life of Our blessed Master. F o r it they

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THE APOCALYPSE. 145

been planted together m• t+^ihe‫^״‬kliekne^n^^e^ss roesfuhrriescdtieoanth.','

they shall be also m the ^ ^ ^ « ^ ^ ^ death and

Jel they have communion wdh^^hi.

liÄXe which is in Christ Jesus

^^Äritoflife^^C^a-^^^^

That is, God will ^P;f^i7/;Se?les S b e ' g l o r i -

maintaining the ^^^^^,^^^^^ J ™ l e and autlmritj

-

spired penman « ? ^ ^ ^ J ^ J ^ d John Baptist, because
Saul feared David, »‫ ^>ז‬Heroa ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^,^^^^^^

they were "just men and holy, g^^j^^ei,
i r J i d when these witn^^ses 1 ^ , ^ a n ^ ^ord wi 1
they justly dread the due

n At the time reiei ed^^, . ^ j , , f,om heaven
‫״‬ feign submission, - i h e ‫״‬ ^^^^.^ .^^^ual as-
he
wer. inviting the witnesses to f «*l^;'. , exaltation. A s
--
cent, \t another allusion to ^ X - ' e e e i v e d h i m ; " so
to
when " h e was taken up, a elou^ ^ ^^^^^^
re-
iful here, "they ascended up to .j^bristian multi-

' ^ t has otien been the cry « the ^ t m ^^^‫״‬

t , d e , - " The voice of the peo

This cry has been iterated an ^^,„,,^ippers of

ries past, like that of theJ^P" ^^^^ witnesses
Diana; that thereby the e timony ^^^^
might be counteracted ^‫״ז‬1 sUenc
^^^^^^.^^

onfy too often f^^^^^^^'J^^^^ the sentiment
demagogues and naught) despoi ^^^,titution of

T^ ahney' bfyouonudr ibte'nXef^ic'^ennt^Cjtle a t o r\^. ^ejy found it al_so_

Ä C ke 0 £ mora? and scriptural prm-

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ciples, it has been perverted and misapplied by the
perverse ingenuity of wicked men.—This "voice
from heaven" is indeed the people's voice: and it is
legitimate, as coming from the people, because it is
fu^t the voice of God. The " h e a v e n " here men¬
tioned is the seat of civil power,—"the ordinance of
man." (1 Pet. i i . IB.) I n the times here contem¬
P i I plated,—millennial times,—the rights of men will be
respected, predicated upon the rigÎts of God, and
flowing from them as inseparable. I n settling the
point of title to civil sovereignty, or the eligibility of
any candidate for civil oflice, the principle enun¬
ciated by Ilushai the Archite will be found to be
alone reliable:—"Whom the Lord and this people
choose.'' (2 Sam. x v i . 18.) Only let the L o r d have
the first choice of candidates for oflice in both church
and state, and society will be prosperous and happy.
Acts i . 23, 2 4 ; v i . 5.) The " great voice" of the
12th verse, comes from "heaven,'' as the '•'great
voices" of the 15th verse, announcing tho millennium.

13. A n d the same hour was there a great earthquake, and
the tenth part of the city fell, and i n the earthquake were
slain of men seven thousand: and the remnant were affrighted,
and gave glory to the God of heaven.

V . l 3 . _ " T h e same hour" that the witnesses mark

The city,—" Sodom." " Tenth part of the city,"—
a "street," equivalent to " h o r n . " Some one oi the
"ten kingdoms" will secede from the antichristian
confederacy, or imperial dominion; " a n d the rem¬
nant,"—the other nine, dreading the Mediator's ven¬
geance, will reluctantly but speedily submit. (See
ch. vi. 16, 17.)—In the "earthquake were slain of
men (names, titles,) seven thousan ^ "

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THE APOCALYPSE. 147

t^-r^^S'^•^'^''''''''' "

explained. taken a very enrsory view et A e

We have now taKen ^ '?^,^,T~1(^ place is be-

r ‫ ־‬Ä r n Ä Ä a nthe%fo^urth‫ ־‬, a«nu‫ ם״! ״ ״‬d - ^ a
In other words, it gives an
0o1f Îthiie Bsecvv<e=n‫״‬th trum‫ד ־‬pe‫י‬t.‫״‬4.‫״‬.‫״״‬:n tbe witnesses and Anti¬
outline of the e o n t e s t b e t » » ^ ^ ^ ^ ^'^ " ‫' ־ ־‬ ^ ^ ^a^l1le, ‫״‬l
clirist during 126U year«^^ ^ j ^ ‫״״‬e-trum-

;^:‫ד‬0fit^:hrusÄ-

fore P - - ^ t ^ Γ a t ‫ ו‬e 1 Γ o n t o ‫ ד‬e method which In-
trumpet, to direct ^ften on to

finite Wisdom has « ^ ^ ^ " ' ] ^ y i ^ ^ ^ r o p h e c y . H e who
k i n d the purposes of God m^^p Ρ ^ . ‫^ ״‬

:;::e‫״‬L.wsthe e ‫ ; ^ ״‬- ^ ^ i : f r : ; ^ w ;

‫ ״‬from ancient times l ^ ^ ^ ; ; ! fave multi-

not yet done," has told us Ρ a^"ly, ^•^•,,,^

plied visions, and ^^scd s milit^^^^ 7 ^^^^^ ^.^^^

[hand,) of the prophets.' H o s e a x i i ^ i ) ^^.^^

^God ^ - ^ . ^ ^ f ^ : i ^ ^ C p k a n t e - ^ i ‫ ״‬P-vidence
strange if the same Ι^Η ^^^^ prophets;
be predicted by several, 0 by m a j y ^ ^^J

otor ldtha"taotnseunanddry tthimeefs an,d^ η! , ,d^ures e m^a^n^n^ers" by

the same prophet. •^-O^^^ttei, j foretold!-

prophets was the Wispers on of the Jews

ï h e downfall of ancient «^t1es, Bahy ,

T ^ r e ' . - N e e d we refer 0 the Emmaus?-

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148 NOTES ON

sure that the things Concerning Christ and the in
rests of his kingdom in this world, are the theme
inspired prophets in the New Testament as well
in the old. Agreeably to these views, Ave find Neb
chadnezzar's dream and Daniel's visions relate to t
same objects and events. What was more obscur
revealed in the monarch's dream, is rendered m
intelligible by various symbols in Daniel's first v
sion. (Dan. i i . 3 6 - 4 5 ; vii. 17-27.) B u t i n the ne
the eighth chapter, Daniel is favored with still clea
information relative to what he had already seen
vision ; and in the eleventh chapter, his attention
called to the most obscure, but most interesting pa
of his former visions; and, after a l l , tbe "vision
sealed,'' so that he sees not " t h e end of th
t h i n g s . ' ' (ch. x i i . 8, 9.) . " I heard, but I understo
n o t , ' 1 ) ‫ ״‬Pet. i . 10, 11.)

In this book, styled Apocalypse, or Revelatio
Ave are told in the first verse, that the Lord Chr
"signified,"—made knoAvn hy signs, to his serv
John the things that were to come to pass. W
have thus far seen that the customary method h
been pursued in using signs, symbols or emblem
i Henceforth we will find "multiplied visions" em
ployed, more clearly to illustrate events Avhich ha
already passed under rcvicAV, but of Avhich Ave co
see little more than ά profile:—"men, as trees Ava
ing."

14. The second woe is past; and, behold, the third w
cometh quickly.

15. And tile seventh angel sounded: and there were gr
voices in heaven, saying, The kingdoms of this world a
become the kingdoms of our Lord, and of his Christ; and
shall reign forever and ever.

V s . 14, 1 5 . — " T h e third AVO cometh q u i c k l y , '
the time elapsing since the end of the second, is n
to be so long as that intervening between the f

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THE APOCALYPSE. 149

nto- t,^0 ^ o e s . - T h e first wo is thought to have begun
of
as aboulthe year 612, and continuing by the Saracen c

bu¬ conquests'about 150 years, to/^ave terminât d m
the
rely 762 The second woe-trumpet, it is alleged, sounded
more
vi¬ about 1281, and continuing for 391 years —the pe¬
ext,
arer riod of the ravages by the Euphratean horsemen
n in
n is mded about 1672. The destructive influence, how- -~
arts endea aDout i o / z , . ‫י‬,;^,·.
n is v‫״‬.o‫״״‬
ese
ood ever, of these two judgments, may be con.sideied as

on, reaching to the time of the third woe, the one Avhich
rist
ant is to demolish the Avhole antichristian fabric.
We
has Many eminent expositors,* in the early part oi the
ms.
m¬ present century, while the first Napoleon was waging
ave
uld successful war with the other powers of Europe ex¬
alk¬
pressed their belief with much confidence, that the
woe
Lventh angel had begun to sound ! ^ / . ; ‫; ^ ; ^ ; ; ך‬
reat
are dently mistaken. Christendom will not fail to hear
d he
the voice of the third woe. I t may be so that an m -
'—
not dividual may " n o t be conscious of tiaymg an mterest
first
inconsistent with fidelity to the Scr.ptui-es wd^^^^^^

political " b i a s " may in fact so influence sentiments,

L to render conviction less ^^^^^-^^^^""^‫^"^^ד‬

than upon his wishes.^ A n d we ^oubt no that mis¬

apprehensions and misinterpretation of the other

scriptures," are to be attributed to f n s ^ f u s e msen-

sibly influencing the minds and hearts of learned and

godly men, as well as in their expositions of the

Apocalypse. Indeed the misapplymg of God's Avord

precept and prophecy, to political and ecclesiastical

organizations, has been tbe principal means of com-

billing and continuing the antichristian apostacy.

* " I t has been our lot to hear the voice of the tbird J 0 e ‫״ ׳‬

F a h e r — " I n this I entirely agree with that expositor.

Whloà. 'i\e blindinginflaence ',^ΪΤ^Τ^^

minds of pious men, has' often occasioned_ the hearts of their

brethren to "sigh for their inconsistency.

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150 NOTES ON

Tluis it is precisely, that the great adversary has
been successful, as "an angel of light."

" T h e little book" has been shown to contain such
extensive and important events as to justify the so¬
lemnity accompanying its delivery to the apostle.—
He now resumes the subject which had been in¬
terrupted at the close of the ninth chapter.—Ihe
"great voices in heaven" represent the expressions
of joy by the saints on hearing the voice of the last
of the trumpets, as assuring them of the happy change
in the moral condition of the world, which they had
been warranted to expect by God's "servants the
prophets" from the days of old, (ch. χ. ‫{;^^ ) · ׳‬,b^
great, the universal change consists in this:—" Ihe
kingdoms of this world are become the kingdoms o
our L o r d and of his Christ.'' The English supple¬

1 ment,—"the kingdoms," is justified and requirexl,
equally by the sense and the laws of syntax: and he
is a deceiver, i f a scholar, who insists upon any other,
to supply the ellipsis. Indeed, the omission of simi¬
lar supplements, has occasioned needless obscurity to
the unlearned in other parts of this book. (See chs
x i x . 1 0 ; x x i i . 9.) The greatest of a l l revolutions
consists'in restoring church and state to their scrip¬
tural foundation,—transferring both from allegiance
to "the god of this world," (Matt. iv. 8; L u k e iv. 5,
6;) to their rightful owner,—" tho L o r d and his
Anointed." (Ps. i i . 2, 8.) W h e n this desirable epoch
arrives, for which the persecuted witnesses have long
and fervently prayed, (ch. v i . 10,) gospel m1n1ste‫־‬13
and Christian magistrates will seek to do the will,
and aim at the glory of God.—It is painful and piti¬
able to hear learned and pious men often pray,—
" T h a t the kingdoms of this world may soon become
the kingdom of our L o r d and Saviour Jesus Christ.
This is to "ask amiss,"—to miss the promise; tor

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THE APOCALYPSE. 151

The groundless

no such P ^ ‫ ^ ״ ־‬f , ^ - ‫ ז‬/ , i ; / ; ; ; ; ; i e d ‫ ־‬d i s t i ‫ ״‬c t i o n s in
^^^^^^^^,^Ι'conception
with the Mediator; and

hearts thin1k ‫נ‬s:o‫ ו‬:. fi;n‫״‬e‫״‬ysseopanurr‫״‬c‫״‬hi,negt tth,hee aSbcrui•pi.tu‫״‬ri‫״‬e‫״‬sb,.
careiui anu uu.g^t‫ץ׳ ״‬ ‫ ן • ן • ^ ״‬announce-
If tViP serintural significance 01 inib j‫׳‬1j‫"׳׳‬
It the scriptural bp understood by gospel

ment " i n heaven ^ / ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^ ^ ^ , ^ would be removed,

ministers generally, a cliiei oarne millennium,

which now obstructs ^he adven ^^^^^^
^)^^^^^Χζ^^^>^
Would they but cease, B u t we may

dily cease, to " wonder after the beast. r> j

of

‫״‬im‫״ ״‬m‫״‬o7r . t ^ v ‫ ־‬: : ‫ ״ ־‬T . h ; Î 2 6 t y ‫ ״ ־‬s ‫ ־‬. , a ‫ ״‬have ‫־‬0•‫־־‬

1, ί,.1 ‫״‬Amh1r

.

and obey him." The ,^''^^-g )
e Magog shall not succeed, (ch, xx. i

, 1 β \ nd tho four and twenty elders, whichε
o A h e î r Ï Ï a i s t n ‫ ״‬Ρ ‫ ״‬- t h e j laces^^^^^^^ Ä ^ c i l l m i g h t y ,
s 17. Saying, W e give thee thanKs, ubeucuau^s^e thou ha^s^t^t^a^k^e^n
h

g

3

,

¬

—

e

r

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152 N O T E S ON

Tlie " elders," tlie representatives,—not of the mi¬
nistry, as prelates d r e l m , but of the collective body
of God's people, now that they are emancipated om
a longe and more cruel bondage than that of their
fathers in the literal E g y p t , "g'^e,thanks to God
for the display of his " great power ' m heir ddiv r-
ance. Many times had he made bare his holy arm
in past ages'on behalf of his people: hat this is in
t h i i r evel the most signal display of his poxAer
"Thou''hast taken to thee thy great power, —we
now exercises his power over the "étions, which w^^^
his before; th• ei·r "‫״‬a n g e r-'‫! י י‬i n‫ ״‬the time of their rebel-

ion is no^; repressed,-Messiah's "wrath is come,
heavier wrath than that which fell upon Rome pagan
(ch vi 16 1 7 . ‫ ו‬Then follows an intimation ot tUe
iinal 1;dgment,^a‫״‬d suitable "rewards." Our c u ‫ ״‬-
ositv is excited here, but not gratified; but Avhile
S ‫ ־‬i ‫ ״‬suspense, we may, with Daniel am the virgin
M a r v — " keep these things in our heart. (Dan. \ 11.
28; L u k e i i . 19·) Farther light will be given, (ch.

tlicre wüi-c lightnin-s, and voices, and tUundcnn^s, anu
earthquake, and great hail.

V 19 —The inspired books of the Bible were di¬
vided into chapters, verses and other parts, for the
convenience of refe^^ence. B u t those who performed
this useful service were imperfect like ourselves, and
therefore we are at liberty to dider from them i n ou
a r r a n ‫ ״‬e m e n t . Now it seems evident that the 18tl1
verse°closes this chapter with a concise account ot
the ending of the last woe. B u t the last woe reaches
to the final consummation of a l l things as w‫׳‬e have
already seen: it follows that the nineteenth verse
must introduce a new subject. Simdar mistakes may

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ÎIIE APOCALYPSE. 153

, e seen i n numerous instances elsewhere i n our B i -

' ^ ^ u t although a new v i ^ P - ^ ^ l i i l ^ a i d

twelfth chapter, the ,ttenuon. A n d

i ‫ ״‬the eleventh, engage the apostle^

as preparatory 0 future scene ^.^^^

was opened i n heaAen ‫״‬ ‫״ןן^ן‬,^

tion of beauty, h^^h ^‫^״!^י‬ .^^ ^ ^ ·,^,

ing scene of warfare, Je^^n i s j

,,I " a r k of the — administered

nant of grace, winch Shall 0 .^•^^ to which

in the worst of time , a n d t^o f P ^^•^^‫ ןן‬,et forth

in itsexternal d-spensa ‫ ״ ״‬, e - ^^^^^^ ^

by "lightnings,'—as well as ^^^^^ ^^^^^‫ן‬

pîesen^e and avengmg P^^^^^^^^^^ · ‫״‬,t‫״‬re,

of God.

CHAPTERΧΠ·

and pahied to be delivered.

V s . 1, 2 . - T h e Apocalypse h e s i d s ^

i ‫ ״‬t o which it IS divi d y its^d^^^^^^^ of division

ticed i n ch. 1. ^Ij^^'^be eleventh chapter termmate
into tiW parts, ^^^thtnet ^^^^^^^^ j

the abridged P^‫^«־‬Pf,tatica Y xepresented under the

of the world, ^^^^^^^^'fjeventh seal, when opened

seals and trumpets. The s e v ^ ^ ‫ ^^^י‬book, and

disclosed a l l the cont nts of ^^^^ ^,^ ^

- i e M t r u m p s in order, to the
y.

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