Notes-Apocalypse-Revelation-David-Steele-320

NOTES ON ru
54 ge

Si
w
ei

tνi,oα nhsfiqi n" r deomcot rvi en ed tahnedi r P^^^^i^^^^-^^XueVtLm o
f
canalesticK, oi ‫״^י־‬ t
a

f o n u i n s ft?‫־‬,‫״־״‬t ‫ ־‬v l d ‫ ־‬- < ‫ ־ ־ ־‬. ' ^ Ι Γ ί ' Γ α 1*‫־‬

regarded. Aço-
C H A P T E R IV.

W l * ' M ‫ ־ ־‬h a p . « * ‫ ־‬p r o p h e t i c ^ P^^^^^^^

,ter‫־‬for‫ ־‬7 ^ ? ^ * ‫ « ״‬Ä Ä e l ä t h K U also

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THE APOCALYPSE.' 55

les b y w h i c h they -ΡΡ^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^^
eneral, and the ^ ^ ^ ^ o k of th^^ ^0

ay be interpreted ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ d are not agreed
ill be discovered that the ^eani ^^^^^^
ither i n the nature or ‫״‬u^^^^^^^

''''''' "

or less m e t a p h o r i c a l , i^terspe^^^se^ represent na-

figures o f s p e e c h . J t 13 ' ^ ' ' ^ /bounds in symbols, ·
tions and tribes whose language^^^^^^ ^^^^

a s b u t l i t t l e a d v a n c e d i n c^^^^^^^^^^

oriental nations as more disposed ^^,^^^ this

a n d figures t h a n t h o s e o f t h e ^ J,^^

relative estimate of the modes F^.^ ^^^^

ern and western hemispheres «ticulations aad

dificatioD, when we consider t h attempt

s i m i l e s b y w h i c h t h e abor^igine^^^^^^^ ,^,^^ w o r d Ä i . r o -

to give expression to t h e i y û e a ^^^.^^^ ^^^^

gliphics, s i g n i f y i n g s a c r e d B C - Pt‫^^^^! גי‬ ^gypt,

?he ancient mode «^^.^^^^rreVcY among the learned

hasreceivedconventional^^^^^^^^^^ ‫״‬hard

as descriptive of any writing ^^^^ ^,.^ ^ u

to be understood.' ^ divine Author

find s o m e o f i t " d a r k . i n d e e d . ^

i n t e n d e d t h a t i t s h o u l d h ^ s ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ „ >>

calls it emphatically, a Kevel ^ ^^^^^

W e have already ‫ ; ״ ״ ^ ״ ' ^ ^ ״ ^ ^ ט‬, ! law in part, and

book are taken from the cei emonial i J^^^

part are taken from the J ^ ^ ^

Eeavens a n d the e a t h p r e s e n t ^^^^ ^^^^.^^^^^^

of material ohjeots some mo , ^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , ^
to arrest our attention. A ‫״‬
a n d B t a r s , - e a r t h , a n d «ea m § ^ oc-
cupy prominent places.
.^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ‫ ן‬g ,

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56

o f ‫־־־‬4, ».>d p r o m p t r ‫ ־‬f ‫ ־‬r ‫ ־ ־ ״ ־‬t o ‫ ״ ־‬y P - t o f t l t ‫ ־‬m ,

v e Koneralizo or throw them ' ‫ ״ ' ״‬S'"Sf;, "animal,

familiarly ^?^'S"'„, t t tran^foi

vegetahle or - » ' ^ ' - i *•'",f ™ ‫ ״‬Λ ο material andphy-

? r r ‫ ־‬r a t Ä r L ‫ ־‬. world, Then eon-

‫ נ‬£ îvhat relation :^^^^^X:ΧΧΙΙ

terpretation, "coniparmg spiutual things F

''Tn'»ii?o‫ד‬hΐXiohserv^e‫־‬o‫״‬

p v e s e r i b e d r u l e , ' ‫ ־ ־ ־‬£ ‫ ״‬1 , 1 ‫ ־‬I Ρ ο hleies o f

‫״‬f D a W i n partienlar, beeanee that projAe ,
r 1 e ° i h ? : h i w L ‫ ־‬a p . i , ‫ ־‬n n d e r «1.‫ ־‬P ‫ ״‬e r f ^ h -

' ‫ ? ״ ' ' ™ ™ ־‬GySta^TneeeS™ oft^riai powers

purpose of ''»d, that a s alienee and the

s h o u l d a f t e r w a r d s fr‫־‬1e t o ' ^ ‫ ״‬J j pbaraoh, so

faith ot the ‫ •ץ״';־־‬/ i , " and overthrow

in thewhole history of therise, , , , j ^‫״״ן‬

o f ‫ ־ ״ ־‬c ‫ ־‬r f - ‫ ״‬g . f ‫ ־ ״‬- ' ' " S ‫ ״‬P : S h s ‫ ״‬p o w ‫ ־‬r knowl

was precisely the^‫""־‬.‫'=י‬-‫>־‬,' deelared throughont all

and ïhat hisname might ^ ‫ ״ ^ י ף ^ ־‬/ ‫ן‬ »„„exion

r n t f g 1 : r ^ ; ‫ ׳‬V / = i : r * - i‫״‬

trial.

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THE APOCALYPSE..

1 ‫ ״עט‬J'•'• ‫— ״‬

the three F ^ . ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ d thewriting and senduig
the m e d i a t o r i a l P e r s o n , a n d ^n 6 · ^^^.,^ i n t e r v e n e d
0 the seven epistles; there seems^

^ P-^^‫ •־‬Λ ‫ ^ ; "ג‬e r ^ to b e t h e r e a f t ,

discoveries ot ^ning» heaven,' the pi^^,,

metns t o J o h n o f ‫\ ״ ־ ־‬ · ‫ ״‬ested his attent.oo,

‫ ״‬voice as of a trumpet, whion ‫״‬1

,asthatof Christ,-.h‫־‬ j 1,‫ „ ״‬s i n

en^-Ζ : i r d l e , " | ; - ‫ ״‬f ^ W J . ‫ ־‬V h y ^ .'

rh‫ו‬:fe^Γ‫־‬ΐτ^^^^

11.) Cana ral.onacollent in working;

do h all his pleasnre." ( E p h . .. ^ ^^.^‫ ״‬, ‫״‬

«JX M a k e r ? Τ lie o b j e c t s‫״‬eatnro,*"'ork

xi;rpriräÄh‫״‬a.not.^^^^

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The exercise of his bodily senses, the organs of sen¬
sation, must be suspended, that he m i g h t have a per¬
ception of the objects presented in vision As_ tlie
"spirits of just men made perfect ' in glory, in a
disembodied state, are still conscious and_ active; so
are we warranted to conceive of souls yet m the body
as b e i n g i n a s t a t e a n a l a g o u s , - f a U i ‫ ״‬g i n t o a t r a n c e .
( A c t s X. 1 0 . ) T h e first o b j e c t s e e n b y J o h n w a s a
" t h r o n e set in heaven," the emblem of sovereignty.
‫ ״‬O n e sat on the throne,'' who cannot be described,
only in an obscure manner by comparison, bemg
"tlie invisible God, whom no eye hath seen, nor can
see " Y e t w e k n o w w i t h c e r t a i n t y i t 13 t h e p e r s o n
of the Father, because he is in the next chapter
phdnly distinguished from " t h e Lamb. Seated on
i h e t h r o n e , - a n d " i n t h e t h r o n e h e is g r e a t e r t h a n
the Mediator." A relation between these divine
persons was shadowed forth in E g y p t between Flux-
!•u‫״‬h andJoseph. ( O c ‫ ״‬. x i i .40.) O c c u p y i n g the throne
of the universe, the F a t h e r sustains the majesty ot
the G o d h e a d , and represents the persons of the ado¬
rable T r i n i t y ; for the idea is equally unscriptural
and absurd, that either person appears or acts_(aü!

extra) i n a b s o l u t e o r e s s e n t i a l c h a r a c t e r , ( i s . x l u . i ,

J o h n X. 1 8 ; x i v . 3 1 . ) H e t h a t " s a t w a s . . . . l i k e
a jasper and a sardine s t o n e , " - n o t like any human
fbrm but in allusion, perhaps, t o t h e Shekinah or
visible glory above the mercy-seat in the most holy
place, he appeared in the essential purity or holiness
of his nature a n d awful j u s t i c e , - o n o " w h o wull b y
no means clear the guilty." T h e rainbow is the fa¬
miliar emblem or " t o k e n of the covenant.' Its being
" r o u n d a b o u t t h e t h r o n e " t e a c h e s u s , t h a t G o d ‫״‬1
wrath remembers mercy." A s "green ' i s thecolor
most pleasing to the n a t u r a l e y e ,so is the r a i n b o w
of covenant mercy most grateful to the penitent sin-

4‫׳‬

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THE APOCALYPSE. 59

‫״‬er, contemplated b y the eye of faith G o d i s ‫ ״‬e v e r

m i n d f u l o f h i s Ι^'^'^^Ι^,Λ;^^^^^^ to fallen man,

‫ ״‬t h e Father J^dgetfi ‫״‬0 m a n , ^ u ^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^

the vision, "here he ‫ ^ ? ז ׳ ' ״ ״‬, ‫ ״‬, ! , ‫ ״‬l,u‫״‬dred and
stliixetyeoynefaiirost btoytbheeo0o,m";‫־־‬b‫־'״‬m‫ ?י‬e»d? p‫־‬ow‫״‬ersΓoteearth and hell

''‫״‬8‫־'''="״‬lhit;dTn ttse r e h L p t e r s only on
Ξ : ; ‫ ״‬S f ‫ ־‬The'oppoTog hosts afterwards

rooad •hoot ‫״‬-^‫ל‬.ΑΓ,^‫־'=־‬-Ϊ;

s ö i i Ä s ‫ ״‬r i S » » T ^ 0 s r y U ο» t £ , r h‫־‬ad‫־ ־‬.0‫>»״‬

»‫׳‬f'i‫״‬doa.or...eU>ro»epr«^^

lations. (^^^«?/'^‫ר‬,\'' tsen^ body of
and twenty elders ^^F^^^^^^^^^ Testaments,-

tGhoed '-s t Pw e‫ף‬l pv el ^t‫ך‬r itbΓe s‫? ״‬oLf ·I sr raaee l^ a n a ''''''^'^‫ ^ י‬. ^^^?^ ^‫״ ״‬

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60 KOTES ON

moral Burity.-their justification and sanctification
r Ä i J F 0 n , o t i o i tohonour, to" « • g ^ ^ ^ ^

U S " ; : ? , enemies, even ‫־‬

A n d before the «1.re .‫־‬as a ^^f^^^^^^^

i o u ï l h beast was l i k e a flying eagle• . . ‫!ן^^ן^ן‬,

8"‫י‬.Δ n d U.‫ ־‬to»r ‫־ג‬.‫״־‬1 ' ^ V v S ^ i 1 à . n T l h e y ^r‫־־‬t not

‫ ־‬: ; A . h * . ï ‫ ־‬V . L ‫ ־‬r d God Alniighly,

‫ ״‬ï i A s ‫ ־‬s 2 rgireï.»5s^^^^^^^^^^

- s ; ‫ ׳ ׳‬C £ r ‫ ״‬Ä ! d e S^^^ -

11. Tbou art worthy, Ο ^ o i d , to i c c e v e ‫׳ג ״ ץ‬, _

and power; for thou hast created all things, and iny i>

sure they are and were created.
'5

V s . 6 - l l . - T h e " s e a o f g l a s s b e f o r e tbe t h r o n e

is a symbol taken from the " b r a z e n sea m the tem-

‫ ת‬1 0 i n w h i c h p r i e s t s a n d v i c t i m s w e r e to b e w a s h e d .

[ E x o d . i x x . 11 ; 1 K i n g s v i i - 2 3 . ) T i ‫ ״‬- ~ ; ‫^ ״‬

h e s a m e t h i n g a s the " f o u n t a i n 0 P J " ; ^ ^ ^ ; J ^ f

1,) w h i c h d e n o t e s the atoning a n d c l e a n M U g . Dioou

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THE APOCALYPSE. 61

.. -,A\ ΑΠ •‫״‬7<1‫ ״‬offer " s p i r i t u a l s a -

of Christ. (CI. v 1 4 ‫ ״‬. ) A l l who^offer^^ Ρ

orifices, acceptable t o J j o ^ , ^,^^^
for the " L o r d ^f^^'^^f^-:^^^^^
to his"0ff'er1ng, ' ( G e n 1 v * j
, ^^^^^^^
b e a s t s . " T h e t r a ^ ^ l a t m n h^^^^^^^ .^‫ ^ י‬. ^ ^ ^

b y m a n y ^^^P°^^\*;^^^:ff,re‫ ^^^^״‬b u t i n some r e s p e c t s o p -

G r e e k , - n o t ?‫״‬17.^^**^'^^, „ o t to be rendered by

posite in signification, ought not to ^^^^^^ ^^^^

The same E n g h s f i - ^ ^ ^ ^ X ^ ^ ^ w i l d e r e d instead of
unlearned leader H f ^ ^ Jhu ^^^^^^ ^^^^^

b e i n g e n h g h t e n e d . }^H^"; ,ols in this book.
thes5, introduced as m s t r u c t v e s y m o ^ ^•^,

- ? Τ 1 ' ' ^ : Λ { £ Ά ^ an'tagonistic

^^•l^^^‫&^^^ ׳‬ίοΖu i i v i n g ^'-'^f«;/« r‫;^;׳‬ei^^the
word. . T h e position of

'^«^^!',^"^riew h o l e i m p o r t of ^ ^ , , ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ , ^ f ^ c i a l n o t i c e : - -
these throne^and round about the

‫ ״‬i ‫ ״‬the midst of the throne, ‫^^״‬.^^^‫״‬

t h r o n e . " H o w c a n t h i s be · vv^ ^^^^^

and the "elders" occupy n g t h e ^ a j e ^^^^^^^

tbe throne,': in a - S ^ ^ ! ; ^ : « : ^ ^ ^ the " a m -
John, then it will bereaauy Ρ ^

m a i s " s e e n f r o m * h e s a j e q^^^^^^^^^^^ s m a l l e r s e g m e n t

him asoccupying a P^«« thethrone. Thus

of a circle between the elders ana ^^^^

^ e h a v e t h e f . f i - PO.tio^^^^ ,^^^^,

nÄ:^n\e,whatd^e^

5

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‫ ״ ג‬have supposed - J ^ ^ - f ,^J & e ' l h : ;
‫ ״‬a n i m a l s " are ^vorslnpperj, (v. ‫ י‬, ]

are uotthe Object « J « ; : f Ρ;,,,‫^־‬ί‫ ?״‬the Creator.

,Und mistake f l o t t X v e attempted, with

( R o m . 1. f • ) 0 better success, to prove

greater plausibdity, but no ^3,^‫ן‬

these animals to be s y m b o W of a‫״‬ge s ^^,^ ^.^.^^

‫^ך‬/^^,^,^,.the same. T o t h e t h o u g h t f u l a

it is sufficient to r o p l y ‫ " ׳‬t h ^ ^ John ^^^^

k n o w l e d g e t h e m s e l v e s to have been ‫^^^^ י‬.^^ ^^^^.^^

blood of the Lamb, (ch. v. ^ ' J^ , ^ ^ ^ ^ and twenty

is inapplicable ^ ^ ^ J ' ë ^ ^ - j ^ g Î comprise the whole

elders" and the"four ‫^^^"^־‬..‫;^״‬° ^ighed from the
company f^lJ^^f^^l^^T^su^m^^. (ch•
higher and lower « 'le s «t ^^e whole

Y. 8 - 1 4 , a n d a s t h e * ; ^ ^ ' ^ ^ ^ I'^^^^le t o s u p p o s e ,

we shall see. j^^terpretation is
One plausible objection to h s in ρ , ^^^^

grounded on the fact that tl e.r laces J
t t h o s e o f E z e k i e l ' s a n g e l s , - ot a n 0^

U of a lion, of ^ - - ] ' h t d ‫ ״‬f u a s " whereas

each of the" cherubims had t o u ‫״‬

hese " a n i m a l s " h a v e b u t oneüoo ^^f^•^^

it to be thought incongruous that *aitti

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T H E ArOCAIA'PSB. 63

f^. Î 2 0 Λ a n d a l s o , w h e n w e find t h e M a s t e r

n a m e : ( c h 1. 2 0 , ) a n a a s , ^,^

directing ^ b e - to inatate and^e_ ^ ^ ,^^^^^

their services. l^Yatt. vi. ‫י‬ , ministry, are

‫ ״‬a n i m a l s , " eniblematica^^^^^^^^ nmversality of

in number "four, .^"^fJ^'^^.'^'J.te^ of the e a r t h , -

their rnission into be ^-^^ ^^^^^^ !5.)

u a l l t h e w ' o r l d . ' ( M a t t , x^^^^^^^ 1^ ‫־‬ ,

S o t h Q " f o u r w i n d s , ( c h ν 1. ,) ^^^^^^^

A s the "lion, ^bich is the strong . J^^^^

and turneth not away for a ‫ ״‬y

courage ‫^"^־‬m a g n a n m i t y so ^ ^ ^ ^ y

presents a m mstry 0 eoma

Lther in c < ^ ‫ ״‬f " « ‫ ; ״‬. f ' , , \ t X Ρ o p i n e n t f e a t u r e o f

m a y be n a m e d as d ' ^ p l a y m g ‫ ״‬is Ρ ,

a c - m i n i s t e r i a l c h a r a c t e r , ^^e J"^^ w e l l - d o i n g " a m i d s t
bolides "patient « » ^ " ^ l l a s " tc. T h e "face

trials, such . ‫ ף‬. ' ' ‫; ״ ; ״‬ ^ C h r stian prudence,"

as a m a n " indicates sagacity, ‫ץ‬ ^i

• ^i s‫־ ״‬e ^m^bilre m^af tci caatl oo ff p'é pn éSt r a: i i o n a n d ' d i^s^.c^^' ^' ^m i. ^4 ^t i o l -

"ability to teach otheis ^ an experi-

into thedivine obaracte a n dpuipos P^^^

m e n t a l a c q u a i n t a n c e w i t h j h « ^^^^^^^ ^dinaruy

these P - P f ^ t ^ 3 ^ r b u t as d l t r i l u t e d among the

i n any o n e ' " ^ f ' ' \ r ‫ ״ ״‬o r d i n g t o t h e m e a s u r e o f

ministry f l^rge,-- ^ ^ ; X ‫ ן‬/ s p i r i t "dividing to

the g i f t o f C h r i s t ‫ ך‬t h e H Ρ ^ . ! Cor.

e v e i 7 n ^ ‫ ״‬s e v e r a l l y as h ^ - ^ tha't in s o m e c a s e s

x u . U . ) i t may u e ,1i‫־‬perned η great mea-

a l l t h e s e p r o p e r t i e s may b e d i s c e r n e d g

s u r e in the s a m e i n d i v i d u a l 1 ^ ^ ζ ο b^^^^^

o f the a p o s t l e P a u l may b e d i s c o v e i e a ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^

o f the \ C X i n g ^ ' ^ r the elgle. O u r
the w a n , and the s o a n n g y y s e r v i c e to

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61

Tlie " s i Kwings," of course, are expressive ofthe
a c ü X 5^hennidstry,-" - ^ - ^ ^ ^ ^ Γ ^ ^ Ι

the ministry which ^ece ^.^^
that they fulfil it
^^01.n - ^ ‫י‬ ^ ^ ^ ^ .^^

providence, soasto " ^ ^ ^ , ‫ ^ ״‬chron. xn.

•Ind k n o w what ^,Jj^Hts w h e r t t h e y a r e

' ? ^ d ' L d ^ ' f t e i t L first a n d s e c o n d a d m o n i t i o n ,
of God ; * n d a‫״‬e1
‫^^^^ ״‬.,

t o r e j e c t h e r e t i c s ( 1 t . 1 7^^^^^^1‫״‬

see t h e flock,' ( A c t s f ^ ' . ^ ^ ' ^ to the Mas¬
souls, as they that m u ^ g i v account ^ . ^ ^

ter. H e b . x‫״‬1. Π · ) A»<J2;p S^^iLs? M o d e r n p r e -
‫ ״‬W h o is sutHcient for these h ‫ ת‬e x c l u s i v e use

l a t e s , w h o arrogate t o ^ ^ ‫ ^ ^ ^ " ^ י‬f , Ι ^ ^ » g^^^

of the Scriptural oflicial / ' f(^^,.ξ/,^) and

m a n i f e s t t h a t ^ ^ e j a - 2/ ' J ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

n o t t h e »««'^^/Γ-^^^,,^^γζ^^^ the "overseeing

p r e s s e d b y a n o t n e r ρ u< ‫י‬ , ;• house.

U o d ' s w o r d , " and ‫^־‬utho‫״‬tat1ve id^^^^^^

D e s t i t u t e o f l e S - ^ 7^‫^״‬Ρ l e yare the authorized

, U f a i r s p e r t ^ n s t o C h r i s t a^^^^^^^^ his household

‫יא‬

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THE APOCALYPSE. 65

f^^^^jt^^laspect o f h i s a d o r a b l e c h a r a c t e r

Ζ toholy angels - f . J ^ - . ^ ^ f i r ' e Reflected b y

principal feature of *^e ^ vine i m a ^ ...

themselves. (Matt. x x v . ^ " ^ ^ J * ; / , A t t i n g ona

T h e g l o r i o u s ^^^^^^.^^l^J,^^^^^^^

t h r o n e , i s t h e s a m e w h o ^^^^^ s e « n y ^

and precisely i n the t^t^t'nominited "the ‫י‬

different names. By^f^^^^" r God Almighty.'
Lord of H o s t s , " - b y ^ ‫ ״ ^ ״‬, th«J^^f ^ that^John

T h e c o n t e x t F « ^ « n X ? \ " ‫ [ ^ ״‬h e ^ m ( m o f t h e Fa- ‫־‬

in vision contemplated G o d in he W ^^^^

i Ä . r ; w h e r e a s w e a r e ^^^^ured ‫ ״‬J o h n M I ,^^

I s a i a h s a w h i m i n P^rfonf^^^^^^^ to Philip,
^ u^atch for

F a t h e r . " ( S e e H e b . 1. 3 ; C o l 1. ]ζ•) . ‫ ״‬f , e -

s e n t i n g all t h e r e d e e m e u ‫״‬ pvoätrate adora-

foro h i m t h a t s a t on t h e t h r o n e m ρ

' ' ‫ ג ״‬l d 1 ; ^ : ; r d e m o ' ‫ ־ ״‬1 r : t ‫ ״ ־‬/ in t h e . v o l n L o f

:IPof'w^a^etht^taoght*^^^^^^^^^^

ceptable worship of G o d our beneficent

i n ^ h e verfectiom o f h i s ^ « j f ^ ^ ^ i ^ ^ ^ ^ - ^ e s s e n t i a l

Creator,-perfect‫״‬10s p o s j s d b^^^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^

c h a r a c t e r , i n d e p e n d e n t l y o f aU^^^^^^^^ to i n -

^^^^:^^^,^,^,,,,^and redemption. H i s
i n h e r e n t i n b i ' ^ s e l f b u t o u t w a r y ^ ^ . ^ ^^^.^^^

telligent creatures b y the ^^orK 0 ^^.^^^

, L t l f e c f a S H u b r a c e d i n the beart -^^^^^^^^

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counted " f o o l i s h n e s s " . b y ‫״‬-,-^^^^^^^^

p h i l o s o p h e r s , ?-J^ol^s .n^ ^ ^ : ‫ י ״‬O n e t o h u m -

i s e n o u g h h e r e ^ e ^ ^ l e d o f t h > . e^^^ ^^^^^^

Kl‫ ״‬ίΐΊΡ " n r o u d l o o k s a n d n a u g n t y ‫^ע‬-‫׳׳׳^׳‬

ble tae piou Without repentance, he
"enemies o f the I v n g . vv t ^ ^nd

,Λ, " neonle of no understanding, (isa• xx^"'
them a peopio ‫״‬ . p i e c e s 01

i ‫ ״‬a ^ L ' l l S ‫ ־‬- : a : l r b r « i : t i a , H ‫ ־‬glory."

(Ps. Ixxii• 19•)

ClIAPTEi'- VI.

^^trsel.-‫״‬Thedividir^oftheljo^^f^

into cnupers and verses » this

Fallible men have -,^f, f ^ ; , , ^ T c t a p t e r s into

respect, as they still do,^ 7 Ρ^^^^^'^^ ^ have ‫י‬

s e c t i o n s , V-^r^è'^V"^'^^'.^^^^^^ is üie same,
passed to another chap er v-sio
yfxhe•^--W'\^rr1r In e a r n e s t

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TEE APOCALYPSE. 6T

. V !.‫״״‬1? s i d e " ( o r outside, a s

written within - ^ « , V b L k t t a l U with seven

in some copies.) ^ ^ e ^ ^^‫ןן‬

seals." T h i s volume w s i n the ^^^^^ ^ ^^^^^

the w o r d voZuwie signitics. ^ on which one

determined by the kind of ïu^^er ^^^^

w r i t e s . T h i s h a s c o n s i s e d o f gr^e^^^^^

s u c c e s s i v e a g e s 0 t h e worW ^^^^^ j^^^^ ,

have any notice ^ history .^^ p r o m i s e d

his affliction, was s u s u i n e d by^^^^^ ^^^^^^^.^^
R e d e e m e r ; a n d ^ ! ^ ^ " f j w faith to future gener-
t r a n s m i t a n e x p r e ^ s i ‫ ״‬of t h a t a ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ . ^ ^

ations; ho thought 0 t h ‫ ״‬e ^ ^ ^^^^ ,‫״‬tte‫״‬

t o h i s mt hi na td t:h- e- y ^wtei r e‫^ ״‬g‫״‬t a v e/ n w i·i^n, a n i r o n pr e n . . · ‫י‬

in t h e r o c k / - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ i f . r S t e n f t S o r U
same materia the ^aw wa« wr t ^

xxiv. 12.) ΐ ί « / « " ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ , \ Τ ‫ ״‬the time of Joseph, as

rtehceowrodri ndg"h,1^e^r^o"g^lVypnhb tC?S‫ ׳‬oorr 8aa^«recZ s c u/^^i.^^i^u r e ,^a^p^p^e a rζs

t o i m p l y . I i f ; ‫ ? \ ; ׳‬P P l ^ r V o s e , a s of b i r c h , w h i c h

t r e e s w a s u s e d for t h i s p u r p o , ^^^^^

has a natural tendency 0 curi or ^^^^^^

d r y . H e n c e t h e yyovà library, a n ^^^^^^‫״‬

Ά. The royal arch-e ^^h^ou^e^

is thus explained, ( E z r a . VI. ^^^^ ^^^^ d,

s k i n s of b e a s t s , a p p e a r s t o h ^^^^^^^^ ^

t h e n l i n e n a n d c o t t o n a ‫ ״‬d a s ^v^^,^^ ^^^^

chemical process, these ar« ^emplating

common useat the present day. thouahts
îhe symbol in the text, we -^7^^ ^ t m e n t of s e i -

the gradual advancement 0 tti F^^^^^ ^^^^^

ence and the mechanic arts ^^^^
progress hadbeen reached m Job ^^^^ , a v e

I t L b a r k o f t i m b e r . T h e booR^^^PV^ p.^^^

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68 NOTES ON

axi3 i t i s n o t e a s y n o r p e r h a p s i m p o r t a n t to d e t e r ¬

S it is ot m u c h g r e a t e r i m p o r t a n c e to k n o w

T t the ‫ ״‬b o o k ‫ ״‬is emblematical of the decrees of

G o d T h i s w i l l a p p e a r b y c o m p a r i n g F s a l m x t . <,

where w e find t h e s a m e s y m b o l e m p l o y e d to r e p r e s e n t

he record o f c o v e n a n t a g r e e m e n t o r s t i p u l a t i o n

ïrtween the Father and the S o n , and to which oiir

Saviour appeals as evidence in his case. (Heb. x. (

m le t î r s v m b o l m a y b e s a f e l y , c o n s i d e r e d a s

i n v o Ving a l l t h e p u r p o s e s o f G o d ; it s i g n i f i e s h e r e

‫״‬Ir "pccially the following part of the Apocalypse

c o n U i ‫ ״‬i ‫ ״ ״‬, as i t w e r e , a t r a n s c r i p t f r o m t h e g r e a t

‫ ״‬X i . - ' ' S e a l s ' - are f o r s e c u r i t y a n d s e c r e c y

Γ th m a y be i n c l u d e d i n the case. A n d i n d e e d

the r b e i n ‫ " ״‬s e v e n " i n n u m b e r - a n u m b e r of per¬

fee on would s e e m to c o n f i r m t h i s t w o - f o l d m e a n i n g .

T h e sealed b o o k , s y m b o l i c a l o f t h e d e c r e e s of G o d ,

CO n p r ^ e ding a l l e v e n t s o f a l l t i m e t e a c h e s u s t h e

Tctrne expressed in plain words t h u s : - " K n o w n

nto G o d a r e all his w o r k s f r o m t h e b e g i n n i n g of t h e

untol^oaai complex symbol also

; : : ' h ^ s i^trfoTciblylhan in w o r d \ - " M y counsel

stand a n d I w i l l do a l l m y p l e a s u r e , (Is,

x v i i t ) Some have suggested a little change in

th! punctuation. Instead of placing the comma

erThe word " s i d e , " place it after the word
"Within," the m e a n i n g would t h e n b e , t h a t t h e " b o o k

w a s w r i t t e n only o n one s i d e , n a m e l y o n t h e s i d e
within " W e d o n o t a c c e p t t h e s u g g e s t i o n . I h e

reason is sufficient for its rejection, that the material

rthe time of the apostle, was too costly to leave

o n e . h a l f o f it hlanh; and h e r e o u r d i v i n e L o r d

" s p e a k s to u s of h e a v e n l y t h i n g s " t h r o u g h t h e

medium of earthly things with which we are familiar.

2 And I ‫־‬iaw a strong angel proclaiming with a loud voice.
Who ts worXy to open the bookrand to loose the seals thereof?

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THE APOCALYPSE. 69

universe, challenging , f « / J , , i ‫ ״‬e " reverberates

opening the seals. ^^'^/,'',''^^ all concerned might
t h o a g h o u t i l l i m i t a b l e space t h a t a^^^^ ^^^^

hear. .The

" w h o 18 w o r % f —Who 18 .‫ י־‬. services,

dignity, or distinguished and ment

" t o o p e n t h e b o o k a n d t o ^^^^^ ^0 b r e a k t h e

N o response comes from any qu^^^^.^^

solemn silence. i ü e wuo ^‫^^ן‬
" W h o h a t h k n o w n the mind of *he ‫ע‬

hath been his counsellor? / ( ; ^ ^ ! , d g e of God!
riches both of the wisdom and h n o ^ . ^ ^,^^
H o w unsearchab θ .^^-ej^^s , ^ ! g
^.^^
p a s t finding o u t 1 ^ R o m . x i . 3 3 , 3 4 . )

in heaven, &c. i n e ‫"^יי‬ ‫״‬, inadequate
^^^^^^^^^
as in many others, an impertect

supplement. In some Ρ J ^ l e , " as J o h n x.

mislead the ''unlearned a i ^ uns a o e , ^^^^^^

2 8 , 2 9 , (in some ^Ρ'^^'] ^ j f ; , „ " : ! " m a n , ' ' c o n t r a -

t e x t , a s s u p p l e m e n t e d "^Ι^ζ^^^^^, m e a n i n g h e r e

diets the apostl^e, R o m . v i u . ο

is obviously that no ^^^«*^‫^^׳‬1, ‫ן‬, ‫ ״‬T o holy
Worthy or ^ ' a b l e ' ' ^ o ' - p e n ^ t h e bo k. ^^^^^

angels, d e - I s and t h ^ dead u^^^ ^^^^
purposes of G o d are as insc
^^2.

‫^^^^^^^^ ך‬y . 4.-J0hn ‫זגי‬1derstood b y the ^

saw, that its « ° " t e ‫ ״‬f

*"^'7{'s a n c t i f i e d c u r i o s i t y a n d
‫ ^^^ץ‬t h a n

_ „lüfsi) occupied

that of the E t h i o p i a n eunuch, ( A c t s v i a . ,J

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70 NOTES ON ^
‫ ו‬Vut the book i s sealed a n d there i s n o
a
b

ï i , , covenant God "has seen his tears. Ue

.‫ ״ ״‬P ‫; ״ ־‬ unexpeeted (!aarter eomes a

-;jLfn9Ä—

S:A:.r:^edla‫־‬notÇ.,g^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

l ' : ' ô r d s ^a^"eiosèd‫'״‬p i d t £ : ‫׳‬The desire oE

to best of God's people to know ‫־ • ל‬

‫ ־‬T"TchrisrXl:‫׳‬i ^VTt‫׳׳‬ifno'tf‫־‬Vtht
: T ‫ ״‬Î w \ t ‫ ^ ״‬e Ä ‫ ־‬- s e a l o n s whieh the father

Ä‫׳‬:‫״‬x-e=;tÄÄ

lurtseof G d,were concealed from D f ^ ^ l ; because

So C h e evolved t i l l near " t h e time of the e n d : so
η J h n ' i Z , when as i n A b r a h a m ' s case, " t h e t.me
of he promise d r e w n i g h " - t h e time was approaching

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THE APOCALYPSE- 71

^ h e n the interest.s off GPnodd'ss pneeoopple w o^u^l^d^^b^e^^g^r^e^a t l y

affected b y these ^^'^,‫^״‬,^‫ ; י‬, f c o n t e n t s made k n o w n ,

book shouldbe unsealed and us ^ j ‫ ״‬b ‫ ״‬is

‫ ״‬T h e t i m e wtvs at ^ ^ ‫^ ־ ^ ״‬ , , , ^ β , for to the

e x h o r t e d b y the e der [iflYJ.y^, ^bole creation

unspeakable joy 0 ‫^!;]^^^^״‬.‫^ן״^״ץ‬, the L i o n of

the a n n o u n c e m e n t 18 ™!^^e, hath prevailed

he t r i b e of J ‫ ״‬d a h , ^f^^^'^'^^^^^^^ seals thereof."

to open the book, a n d ^0 ';^^'^^ to the famous

Here our attention is c-^ed a^ay ^ ^^^^

prophecy of dy>ng J - c ^ ^ G ^ ^ declaration of the
10 the subsequent a n d c o n c u r r e ^^^.^^

evangelical prophet, ( ^ ^ • ^ b , . ' i ‫^; ״‬f.^ence to his

‫ ״‬L i o ‫ ״‬of the tribe of Ju<iah .^^^

human nature; ^ ^ ' . ^ ^ our Lord sprang out
tables of h i s geneology, t h a t <n ^J^^ ^^.^^^^

of Judah," ( H e b . ; ‫ ] ; * ^ ״ ״‬i r f n U s p e c t t o h i s divine
that he i s the R o o t of D<w1d, ‫^^^^ ^ ״‬ ^

nature, ( J ^ ^ " . \ Κ ζ ^ ^ ^ ' " God^ndmen," partak-
The "oneMediator between a,,«rthy"-alone

i n g of the nature ! ' ^ f ^ P/J^Ydignity, to " o p e n the

worthy, by Ρ ^ , ^ η iced that worthiness is

b o o k . " I t IS also to be no challenge

not his only quah^at^;"• • this

p u b l i s h e d , - ' ; who IS ;__1saiah saw him m

Champion " h a t h F^;«;^;‫^^^^׳‬ i n the

vision, victorious over enemies

greatness of h i s s t r e n g t h , (Isa• ^ ^^^;^^‫ן‬, d

Lrsonal worthiness J ^ / , o ‫ ״‬û i c t with hostile

l e r i t of his achievements η c

o^ers, Gen. l u . 15; Isa. 1 ‫־ · ״‬

β A n d I beheld, and, 10,‫ ?יי‬t b ^ Ä d e r s stood a Lamb

" V : ‫־‬6.-1 t h i s v e r s e « h a v e t h e L o r d J e s n s C h r . s .

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‫ז‬2 NOTES ON B

•. ‫ו‬ thp v i e w of J o h n a n d t h e i n t e l l i g e n t

; ; ' ; : ^ s e in his s ce ‫ב‬ or priestly office, " a lamb
universe m nib s ^ nature and

Λvorsh.p, b e t w e e n * ^ e m m i s ^ scars re-

lously restored ^ ^ ^ ‫ ך ף י‬8 ^ ^!,^ "seven horns

‫ ״‬: : ; . ‫ ׳ ׳ ז‬ymboii e t h e i o . e r a n d w i s d o m of

^ " ' ^ ΛΓ^ ? ‫ ״ י ל‬I t D l e a s e d t h e F a t h e r t h a t i n h i m

: : i l 1 t L ‫ ־ ־‬l • ‫ י‬i ^ ^ c 0 1 . 1 1 9 Λ .1^^

, τ; ^ . ‫ ^ ״ י ן‬20 ‫ ץ‬a n d t h e e x t e n t o f h i s k n o w -

^""‫ ־‬. ^ frnth s tausht by the Father's holding

unto ΜΓ" " N O m^n k n o w e t l , t h e F a t h e r b u t t h e

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THE APOCALYPSE. 73

BO"•" (*^^•./'. u i ^ î d l T A t ^ ^ t : ^

him thatßat upon the throne. ^^^^,^

y . T . - T h e L o r d Jesus J P f ^ f ^ ^ ^ ^e prophet w

throne to receive the ro · ^^"^^^^ a his heart to

m a y a s k , - " W h o IS tb19 t h a ^ ^ 0 ^ ^ ^ |‫״‬ are ho-

approach?" (Jer. xxx• ^ J O joyfully an-

n o U d to surround f f ^ f p s T i m i s t - I t ' s the " L o r d ,

swer i n the words of.the m . m i s t , ,,j^^

cutionof the d m n e deciee, ana 1,ing,-espe-

offices. ‫ ן‬.‫ ^ן‬four beasts and

tban all spectators a - ^ ^ P ^ ^ ^ f , I f d L c e 'and joy.

stantly give exP^^^^^^^-^'^s before the throne, the

Among all the-vorshippers b e ^ ^^^^

"four animals' take preceaen , ,^,^

own example as b^f«'^«'j^^s η the person of the
glory•' etc., to G o d creator, ^ s j ^ P^^^

l a t h e r ; and now - ^ ^ , Ρ , ^ ^ Γ themselves before

m a n i f e s t e d f «^7',*^.^^ J , t o t b e F a t h e r ' s c o m m a n d ,

the " L a m b , " m «bed;^^^^^^^ g o n , even as they

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‫ ז‬4 KOTES ON

t w e n t y e l d e r s , " - t h e r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s of _ a l l t h e c h i l -

k e f 0^ G d , o r d i a l l y j o i n t h e m i n i s t r y i n t h e s e a c t s

0 s o l e m n worship. s L e of t h e f u r n i t u r e e m p l o y e d
‫ ״‬he Te^^ple worship, i s h e r e i n t r o d u c e d , to h ^ m o -

n i z e w i t h t h e r e s t of t h e s y m b o l i c s c e n e r y Harps

ami golden vials" signify praise and prajer. O u

L d e n r advocates for instrumental musi inGod^

worship to be consistent, must associate with the

" L r p s t h e "incense-cups" and the " golden altar :

fo a U belonaed alike to t h e service of t h e temple

Ε e ‫ ״‬i n tll^ t i m e w h e n s u c h " v e s s e l s of t h e " s t

Avere i n u s e w i t h d i v i n e a p p r o b a t i o n , t h e P s a m i s t

a d ‫ ״‬e a t e r c l e a r n e s s , - m o r e e v a n g e l i c a l c o n c e p t 0ns

‫ ״‬f the t e m p o r a r y u s e of t h o s e " b e g g a r l y e l e m e n t s

. h i , ™!n-omo cloity as Go.l cqoal » . t l . the ‫ י‬f · ' ' ^ ^

a,.‫ ־‬i ‫ ' ״‬J o u b t ‫ ״ ״‬Iiis assuming h ‫ ״ ״‬, a o - ' " ' " ‫ ׳ י‬J ‫ ^ * ״‬J

‫ ״‬a s s u o l i . h e i s‫־‬111o h o c t 01 w o r s h i p ! /‫^^™״‬

‫ ״ ״‬grounJless, as unanswerably shown ‫ ״‬h u , J . l . . ‫ ־ ־‬,

a‫״‬1 m a n y o t h e r s s u c h a s J o h n X X . 2 8 , x ^ • l ^ ,

: ; s * p ‫ ־‬a V t r k ‫ ; ״‬J 'that'the natore of the at

Vhieh they worship determines the ^ • " i » » * ‫^ ™ " • ' ׳‬

to b e offered : namely ^Ρ,•[""•»!»".•« "f.'

a b l e t o G o d b y J e s u s C h r i s t . " ( 1 P e t . n . 0.)

». A i K l they ‫״־‬11‫ ־‬a new . ‫ ״‬0 s , ‫»־‬yi‫־־‬j « » ‫ ״‬Zl A . ' " .
£ S ‫ ־‬Ä ^ r G r a ‫ ! ־‬, V . i : i oo. on. ‫ ־‬t eveiT

‫ ?ד‬I A S G o V C i a M pri‫־‬..‫־‬, and

we shall reigu 011 the earth.

Vs. 9, 1 0 . — " T h e y sung a new song. Ihey an

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ΤΠΒ APOCALYPSE.

‫ «« וו״‬i n t h e d i v i n e object

agreed i n the matter, ‫^^^^ « ן‬t,^^y ^νοίΐ beloved a

of worship. ; ‫ ׳‬N ! j ; ‫ ' ; ״‬h i ‫ ״‬r h i s v i n e y a r d . " (Isa. v.

song of ‫ ״‬y beloved touching ‫״‬ ^J^^

1 ‫ ץ‬A g r e e d as to the object a ^^^^^^

none is silent in I - ^ ‫ ״‬a ‫ ״‬- ; V 0 ' r Such belong to a

not one who ^^J^^^i'VhisTs th " song of the L a m b ‫״‬
different fellowship, ^ ^ ^ i s i s the j^^t^s the

; h i e b joined to the ''^«"J ‫^ ^ ^ ״‬ leaving no

w h o l e o f t h e ' ' b i g h p r a i s e s o f th^^^ ,‫״‬d

lace for the vapid, e ^ P f ' J ^ ,,hether of

,eretical effusions « f ^ ^ î ^ Ç ^ , b u r d e U f the song

nht:1:;Ä^S^.0fS0n^^^^^

^ tf tl h. PPs sa laml ,m- ;- CChlr i^s i s«t- mc in ^e u^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ‫^^^^^^ ^ ״‬

. t h e p r a i s e s o f 1'^;^^\<^,.χ>Γ ‫׳‬Π10 k e y - n o t e a m o n , ^

n e s s i i i t o h i s ' f ^ ^ l o u s >gl ^ ^ ‫ ״‬,^^ u,st

them all is the work of r de V d no

r e d e e m e d u s t o G o d b y u y Q ^^^^3 m a y t a k o f a

others in the same eo"d't.on^. ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ !

ransom that does not redeem ^ ^ ^ ^ .^^^

e m p h a s i s u p o n '^^' :^l^J^ J tongue, •^.uà

r ,%o‫״‬pany never
to viÎidicate
t h e m " o u t of every k i n d i c u , 7.

ζ^^^Ι^ΖI n d n a t i o n . " . T h i s -Ρ1>Υ
conceiv ed the Idea tnai, m ‫ך ״‬ ^^^^ ^^^^t i m -

Jehovah's moral government a g .^.^^ ^. ^

pressive demonstratmn of his opp

Lbjected hisbeoved Son 0 un ,‫״‬emies but

should b e e q u a U y a ! ^ ' ^ ^ ^ J ' artzc^^ They

specially intended ^ - X ^ b l ^ C r e a t o r w a s u n d e r

xfever i m a g i n e d t h a t t h ‫ ״‬a^^^^^^^ ,^^,est good of

a natural necessi y of, that he might thereby escape

the greatest number, tha " b •^^^ ^οη-

thejustimputatmnof ^ ‫ ״‬,he part of

ceptions imply distributive luj ^^,^^ ^,^^ d ,

a i d , w h e n h e ' s p a r e d η , t h e a .. ^ ^^.^^^^^

but cast them down to hell. V

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„ . . . C h i e f e‫״‬a nor G o d ^ s ^ t l m h a ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

t ‫ ״‬, e s , - - ‫ ״‬o , nei her ^^atimi "or ‫ץ‬

clear to unsophisticated reason a^^^ Ρ J

mined hy the Spirit of God^ ^^^^iLtation of his

xliii. 7 , 21 ; Eph. 1. 1 2 . -L^^ ni ^

own perfections - h i s own δ^^^^^' ^ works,

ultimate end of Jehovah η all his PU^^P ^f_‫ ( ״‬p ^ o v .

‫״‬The Lord hathmade all t h m g f o r ^ ^

xvi. 4 ; R0™.x1. 36.) J ^ o w 1 ^^^,^ .

deemed the whole human fam ly, ^^^^.^^

tdhieend iint wvialilnf,oill‫״‬owreftehraent cfe Jt ‫^^״‬th^e^m^'t^naat are^l^o^st^:^and

bcehsairdgeesa,bltehewd"tJhudegxeercisingf d..s'^t"r^i'b;buuttiive ^iJn^ju^stice, in

exacting double paymnt,^fi-^^^^^^^^ ^^,^^ Q ^ ^ . '

then from the sinner! ,^,:^/;.^‫ ״__<• ״‬a just God and
c.lle is just and having salvation ^^^^^

a Saviour." (Zech. ix. 9, Isa. x ν ^ J
be no liberty without law, so there c
without justice though there may be ^ J . ^

out mercy." (James j ^ ' " - , ; ^ , ^ ‫ ן ״ ^ ־‬the universal

p ‫ ״‬, . company the repie^^^^^^^^ ,

church, ascribe their rtucu ‫>ן‬ ^^^^^^

Christ. It i^their d^hued^toh^^^ J

grounded on atonement, that wi ,^.11·,

blood is no remission.' ( H e O . ‫' ^ ^ • ^ ג‬ ^be-

c i i . i . 5.) They Relieve, moreover hat as t

dience of Christ unto death ^.^^,-J^ by

an adequate ^^^isfa tion to l a j a J ^ ^

compact between the Fa her an

f i ‫ ״‬: ‫ ׳‬1 l ^9 Ä t h e Ä - the mouth

i V t h : w h i church,
5, 6;) and now agam we have it lepeait

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THE APOCALYPSE. 77

‫ויזיך‬1« while "Christ 1Ï

porated in the song of PJ^^^^J ^ ^ b l o c k , and to the SI

d e i f i e d is to the Jews a stumbling t) ^^^,^^^^^^ ^^.^ :11
m
Greeks foolishness ^^to them ^^^^ ^^^^ m.
il
humbling/octr1no,s thep ^^^,^ d

dom of God. (1 : ‫' י ן‬ixy spring from the

Bv !th!is*b"looSa rtne;y id‫׳‬r1c‫ ־‬t ‫־• ־ ־‬r-‫־‬a a " r o‫י‬y+abl eprerieissta-

bofd" to offer up ^ ^ " * • ^ ^ I S S o r y when they

period in the w o f ‫ « ׳‬eventful history ^^^^^ ^^.^

shall "reign on the earth. U t ^ ^^^^ ^^^^

,e.-,n there are two e‫״‬terta^

Millenarians, under the supp ^^^^^^^^^^ ^

of Christ, which IS too 9ro^J:^ ^ ^^^^te, after the

nal Jews: the other i^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ^ , ' j ^ , , , this

manner of carnal ^^r t^a^^s^jv^ .^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^j^

man to reign over them e ρ ^.^^^^

Such Christians « ^ - ^ ^ J ^ ^ ^ d - " N o t this man, but
‫>״‬cnt of those who e^^^^^^^^ Christ's

Barabbas. (J^^^ji^J-V^ifave occasion to tr
' royal dominion we will have 0 occasion to re¬

parts of the Apocalypse hut we take

lruioaurksl,ytfhoautndheids koinnt^hye e«f^fi^ca^c^y^0J ^ s a e H f i c e : "^T^^h^o^u^

art wo'rthy, for thou wast lain. ^.^^ ^^^.^

si3haallp"rerceiioguns isncgrlioprtyu^^i-^tb^ ^ . Pb^ J jt is not th^e^^t^ru^th

AAÎiÎetoent.o^a^

SuÄÄÄ mΛ.‫י‬

h ^ ^ ^ . ^ ! ; ^ ^ : ^ . t i a i heard the voice Of man. a . e .

6

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78

, , , , . - H e r e ‫ ך‬have

h o l y a n g e l s , as ^ ^ e n b y J o h n m J ‫י‬0 , ^.^^^^^^

r e d e e m e d i n a c t s o f solemn^^^^^^^^^^ Some

to the L a m b . - " M a n y a n g e s , Ü J^^^^^^

divines have actually attempted employment may

to compute_ tbe " u ^ b e r ^^^,^

a m u s e , b u t i t c a n n o t ^< ^ J , ^e easily com-

tioned for -definite numbeis η

p u t e d ; (as i n D a n . v n . 1 9 , account;"

Lf o r wwoeu lad -l aebxopr r me s s;l y‫^ ׳‬t o,l d/ ‫״‬t u x. ^t , "tίh^eοyν a^^r^e^^"^i^n n^u^ ^m^e^ ^r ^a^-

h i e . " ( H e b . x ‫ ״‬. 22.) ‫ ? " ' ^ ' ^ ־‬t i t u d e w h i c h n o m a n

o f Adain t h e y a i . ' a g r e a t i r u d u t u d e ^
γ;;/^,can n u m b e r (^^^
proÎounced impossible?

w h i c h t h e H o l y Sp‫״‬1t t as ν ^^^^ ^‫״‬ore

" V a i n m a n would ‫״‬e ‫־^־־'יי‬ gition, re-

c o n s e q u e n c e f o r u s t o c o ‫ ״‬t e m p t^^^^^^^^^^^ ‫״^^^״‬,

lations and e^iployments i h e^ Ρ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^

a b o u t t h e t h r o n e / ' beho^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^,^

heen slain." ^ J t ‫^^^^^^^״‬ That they

veal to them this ol^ect ot ^^^^;^‫ ן‬person as

may know their duty to tbe ^vre directed

II m o r a l H e a d , i t i s - q - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ d a " n e w

b y a n e w r e v e l a t i o n . f^^Golü, Father express-

commandment" issued f i o m l ^ o c i u ‫^ ״‬Vorship

ly to them. ( , ^ f ; , i , \ 7 i J . ^ L e t a l l t h e a n g e l s o f G o d

him, a 1 ye g « ? ^ ' ^ ^ ; ^ ^ development of the eternal

rSX^Oo/^iitsdeahJ-^

£v:iÄ;Ä^^eandmieofthe

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THE APOCALYPSE. (9

tensely ^ e s i r ^ s to^discom^^^^^^ «t ^ ^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^

‫ ״‬H e ( J e s i s ) i s g o n e i n t o heav^en . · ^^f^ ‫י‬

‫ ^ ' ^ ף‬r ï ^ r t ? t r e ' " e \ d e r s i ‫ ׳‬a ! "animal^^ the L m -

also related to the oWers ^^^^^

bers and m>‫^;״‬ters of the churU^^

to J o h n , - " l a m t h y feljow-servant

A n g e l s are n o t ^ ^ ‫ ^ ^ ^ ^ ; י‬/ ^ ^ ^ L o t ashamed to c ^

vants," whom the L o r d Jesus is ^ ,,nimals"

his b r e t h r e n . " (H^^^^• " Λ Ϊ " so are the

are nearer the throne than no ^ r^^^,,^

.ciders" J ; : , f r e V,' r t h e o^r^ide segment

hisflesh and « V b u m a n native! b y takiig it into

ÄÄsäfÄ^^

ought we to o ^ ^ t e holy a^igel^

cious Redeemer! loveu ! ^ , , d and gave

h i m s e l f f o r i t , " ( E p h . ‫ ) ' א ^ •^י‬f f ^ f ^ ^ ^ r c h . ( G a l . i i .

himself for every member ot the cnuro ν

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80 NOTES ON

h e i r s o,f‫ י‬s a‫ו‬l v a Γt i o ‫״‬n , ‫ י(י‬Hme^bh. i 1 4 •‫ ן‬c o n s i s t m u c l i i n a t l -

exercise is to " " " ‫ י י‬. n^,^^p‫״‬ginto his marvellous

; M e d i a t o "by 0th classes o f worshippers . s m-
t o t h e M e a i a t o r uy , ,1^ n e r s o n 01 G o d

tended t o ter,o,‫־‬at‫ ־‬ulfmate y o n the pe^^^_^_^

' Î Î d a l l u m e n t u n t o Ihe S o n , that a l l n , ‫ ״ ־‬, "
committeJal uagme the S o n , e v e n a s

T y h l : f t Ä h o r . . • ( J o h n V. 2 2 , •23.)

i n d over, ‫ ־‬r e ‫ ־‬t ‫ ־ ״‬Α ϊ ^ " Ä .‫ל‬." ‫״‬

carll., «ndonHer ί » ffl^^ and honour, and

. ‫ ״ ״‬, are in " ^ / ' J f ^ ‫ ״‬1 i m t l . a l s l u c S upon the .Uronc,

A»‫ ״ ״‬. ‫ ־‬four ana

vine Persons as assoe.a ed ‫ ״‬. ‫ ? ™ ״ " ״ ״ ״‬. , ‫ ״‬, t ‫ ״‬f ,,ea-
""«.i'^;‫\״‬r\lS-aturltl‫־‬trdinBtoth‫־‬ir

J Î p S t i e s unite i;;. - ^ ^ ‫ ״ " ; ־ ״ ־‬Γ Ι ‫ ״‬0 Α
honor, and glory, and P » ' " > " " ' " J ' ^ ^ f „ , ever and

r^‫^ייי׳‬Ä;‫^־‬:‫״;»״‬i‫״י‬Nrn‫־‬h,_τh‫^^״־‬

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THE ArOCALYPSB. 81

,,lC0r.x.24,25;L^^x^2T^^«^

w h o denies t h e supreme O e i t y 01 th

,,ho refuses to y j ^ ^ i p h m , ev ^ J ^^^.^.^

these wovshippers? O r , s u p p g^^.^^ ^^^^

t h e i r admission, could *tiey ^ ,^ey a r e

ble ? 0 t h e '\blasphemy of them w h o ^ ^^^^^^

J e w s r - T h i s i s oneof thesubume B^^^^^^

by t h e H o l y S p i r i t , f o r t h e u s e ot a ^^^^.^

special occasions, b u t n o t to be a ^ ^.^^

pUitions " as by P a p i s t s a n d M a ^ ^ ^ ; ^ ^ ‫ ׳־‬we have in

L e n s of the "high V^-^'^^l^^^^^^ here

P s . I x i x . 3 4 . - A S the three ranks ot ^^^,‫״‬1,e

presented in v i s i o n t« ^ « ^ η ‫^ ׳‬e^^^^^^^

ÄXaÄXi"-

saying,-"Amen.' delivered by the F a -
T h e "sealed book_ ^eing ae ^!^^ι^

ther into the P ^ ^ . ^ f e ί^^' th^ develop-
creation awaits with ««?^?^^"^;^,^^;Lay affect the
ment of the counsels of <^od, as tney^ y^^^^^

destinies of his 3;\3,?^^‫^^^^י‬0‫ י‬established cha-

prevailed to open the ^00^‫^;";^?"^ ׳‬,,ess in accom-

iacter is sufficient gu^^^^^^^^/^J^^il^^ him by his

lpalitshheinr.g Jth^ei sr fï e?ePl i«n"g^ ^o^f^c' of n3fdidrennccee is expressed by

^^^^^P

the worshippers, not , ‫״‬amen;'‫ ׳‬which

praise, b u t also by ^e « o^ng;j^^^^^ ,,surance to

word is expressive of their a e s i r e

be heard."

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CHAPTER VI.

‫ ״‬v e S forth conque'ring, and to conquer.

V , 1 2 . - T h e apostle " s a w ^ h e ^ the Larnb

proceeded to disclose the contents of the book b y

pioceeaeo I succession. It is not

breaking the seals i n r t ^^^^^^

requisite to suppose that e a c i ot tne

exactly equal part of the ro 1 ihese ρ y

as we advance that the seveiai ρ

wmm

order:—

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83

TUB APOCALYPSE.

animal like a " « » " • " » ^ ^ Χ took tl»lr. lif‫״ ' ־‬

d a u n t l e s s s e r v a n t s of t - W ' ^ J ^ ^ , ^ p r e a e l u n g t h e

their hand » ‫ ״‬1 : i f oxposltor‫־‬%t seenlar n o

w o r d . " (Acts v u i . i•) ‫ ז ״ " " ־‬, ‫יי‬ e o f t h e Ro¬ •‫־‬11

Tons a n iaffi‫״‬ti‫ ־־‬- a g ‫ ־ ״‬t - r a t ^ - ™ - P - ‫ ' " ־‬S j . Î J 1'1

m a n emperors is to be ^ n ^ __Vespas1an, T i t u s , 1

T m who'rides onthewhi e hor^e ^^^,^^1 d i s -
or Trajan. T oname such n g

f.te tliem in themind of^such ^

? : ^ T f t i o o d y t r n ^ or^P^^^^^^^^^^
frequently the embl m of pnri y.^^.b ^^^^^‫״‬

( M i t t . x v i i . 2 ; R e v . ‫״‬1. ( . r a c e o r t h e

•epresent the go^Pf^'^^^ζ, ‫( יי‬Song i ü • ‫)י‬ ^‫י'״‬9
church. In this "«bariot i g ^ , ^ i nof sa va-

t h i s h o r s e , a s i t 1,%^^%''.‫ ^ך‬f o r t h c o n q u e r i n g
t i o n " i n apostolic t mes, . ^ ^ ^^^^^^ j a

a n d to conquer.' J^^«^^^^^^^^ ^pel, especially u p o n

Gentiles was raised agamst h s g f‫׳‬ ^^^^

mi ^ f i t a r y a n d r e g a l c h a r a c t e r o f C h ‫ ״‬, ^^^^^^ ^ . ^ ^ ^ ^
; tories and succeeding exalUtu^^ ^^^^^ ^

Ihe heads over the l a ge eartl^‫^י‬ the" P r i n c e of

lift up thehead. (Ps. ex. . f ^ i smission b y

^ f p ^ a c e , " a n d the pri^^^^^^ ^ meeknessand

the Father is, 0 estabh^h ^ ‫״‬Lamb,

ifaÄa^Ä

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84

^ l ^ ° : ! i J f o L . . ‫ ־ ״‬second ‫־־־‬., I -

Îiiêyïï—'f‫״‬ u.e.?.«a

^°'^^ζΖs t o " v i t e t h e d i s c i p l e s o f C h r i s t to a ‫ ־‬0 ‫ ״‬t ‫ ־‬J a -

tion of his Providentia procédure
S T t t ;'in s ry ; ‫ ־‬s S e d hy the symbol of a
^ : Î i i f o f ' ; » : , , g ox^•. •;•Patient — 1 : . ; ; ‫' ' ׳‬

and fro throngh * ‫ ־‬- r t h ‫^^?ףת‬,^ ^‫^״‬,,‫״‬

:roi‫־‬xtsr£daÄy;w.ssh^^^^^

v n i l SO a s t o ^ ' t a k e p e a c e f r o m t h e e a r t h . -iiiey

?tà‫׳‬rrc^rsJrï‫"'״‬X‫־‬2l^^^^

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rrHE APOCALYPSE. 85

long,' History records that ^^^i

S a c r e s a n d d e v a s t a U o P S o f a n ext.^^

took place in the ha^.J the Jews perished

;w^h^i chhe mhoarned t hoaf nt hheapl fa gaa‫ט‬n^s^; ‫ י י‬a‫^ ״‬n d" a ^ s ,^!^! ‫ • ! „ ן‬e a t e rj ^n u^ m^ -.

bJr o n t h e o p p o s i t e s^de w e ^^^^ „p.
Thus the two partes who m a
Christ's king-

posing the gospel and t ^ e ^ P ^ f „^truments of their

Som, w e r e m a d e b y b u n t ^^^^

mutual destruction F o r he^^^^^^^^^ " r e d horse

m o v e m e n t s a n d course o t p r ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^^^ ^ t h

u Behold what desolations he η ^ .^^^^ ^ ^ ^ , ^

‫ ״‬I n this text," says an emme ^ ^ Daniel,

signifies the R o m a n emP.ire• · · ‫^ ־‬ opening

empire, 'the Ä ' s no'render the R o m a n

bumbly suggest, that this aoes ^^^^^ , h e

XL^Ä--\7t;ee t indeed the
^^,^^
Chaldean, Persian, or Grecia

l y p s e , i t IS n o t t o b e so u c o n t e n t s o f all

i n f u s i o n , a s m c h • j v i . ‫־‬1, 2 ^ the

t h e v i a l s a r e t h e r e s a i d to^^b^^^^^ of

e a r t h ; h u t eariÄ is atter^^ ^^.^ ^^^^^ t be

t h e only. ^^^^ i n t e r p r e t e d a s i d e n -

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86 NOTES ON

for a penny; and see thou hurt not the oil and the wnie.

Ys 4_G — T h e t h i r d o f t h e f o u r ' ^ a n n u a l s c a Is
attention to the disclosures made b y breaking; the
" t l i i r d s e a l . " H e " h a d a face as a m a n , (ch. i v . (,j
indicutiixs as already said, active sympathy, attec-

t i ‫ ״‬: : . : e counsel a n d s e a s o n a b l e e x h o r t a t i o n l u c a l ^ ^ ^

,nitons times. Christian ministers need ' ^ e tongue
o f the l e a r n e d t o s p e a k a w o r d i n s e a s o n t o h i m t h a t
L t^lry," when the judgments of G o d are abroad

‫ ״‬l e i a ' r t h ; for son/e of these press, most s e n s i b y ,
o n the p o o r . S u c h i s t h e c h a r a c t e r 0^ t h e d i s p e n s a ¬

t i o n symbolized b y t h e " b l a c k h o r s e . " S c ^ c i t y o f

r e a d i s the j u d g m e n t r e p r e s e n t e d h e r e b y t h e c o m -

ï : : d s y m b ‫ ״‬Î s . ° O u r ^ 1 - w a s b l a c k like a n o v e n

b e c a u s e o f the t e r r i b l e f a m i n e . " L a m . v . 1 0 , Z e c h .
νΓ2 - T b e rider " h a d a pair of balances in his
band'" The word translated "balances,' literally
rendered, signifies a 2/o/ce,-pa/r,-coup/e.—In popu-

a u e i - m e to signify an instrument for weighing
commodities, f r o m the counterpoising (doub e) scale .
This symbol indicated famine,-thatpeople_ should

eat biead b y weight and with care ;' (E/ek. iv 1 6 , )

and this is confirmed b y the " vmce in the midst of
the four animals : " - " A measure of wheat for a
penny," etc. T h e quantity of food, and the price,

announced, would seem to the E n g l i s h reader
to express plenty and cheapness. B u t when it is u n -
derstiod that the "measure of wheat' was the ordi¬
n a r y a l l o w a n c e f o r a l a b o r i n g m a n , a n d "a p e n n y
t h e u s u a l w a g e s for one day; a b t t l e m o r e b a n a

quart, f o r a b o u t fifteen cents: i t m a y b e a s k e d H o w

could the laboring man procure food and clothmg

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THE APOCALYPSE. 87

f ‫ ״‬U-™‫־־‬lf, ‫ ״‬i f ‫ ־‬ana ‫ ־‬f l * - ^ ^ ^ i U ; 1 d t ‫ם‬

three times * ‫ ־‬i " ‫ ^ ' " ״‬y l i ‫? ״ ״‬coarser ‫ ־ ־‬d less

tor the same rooney; but be.ng ^^^^^^^

nutritious gram, . " " " ^ ^ ^ ^ f „ ' l u y falls heaviest

™ ‫ ' ־‬f ‫ ״ « ״‬l ‫ ^ ־ " \ ־‬1 0 ‫ ״‬e r ‫ ־ ־ " ־‬Γ ο ί »elety. E , ‫״ ־‬

on the "Ι"!•» j‫"״‬hfo‫ ״‬sumptuously every day

Ä o S S i g t A n the necessaries of

life. iGen. xlni. U • ) , ,38, t i l l n e a r
According to bistory rom the y ar ^^^.^^ ^

t h e e n d o f t h e f f«"*^ , ^ ^ ^ S ^ d i n g a l l t h e c a r e a n d
provisions was felt, ^otwithstanüing

?oresight of emperors and tbe r ^ - - ^ , ^ , , b a d

pate the scourge, i h er n a
L Josephtolayupin^stoiem^^

B u t w h e n 0^\^'\lf^ZT0Î his saints b y tiie
ficht a g a i n s t t h e p e r s e c u t o i s ox intimation

‫ ' י‬T A n d 1 looked, and behold a f ^ ^ ‫ ״‬1 , ^ i ^ : and

mourning than to go to tne ^^^^

oorfing to Λ ‫ ״ ג ״ ל ^ ־ ^ ״ ג ־‬vo învited.here by a ‫ ־‬p .

(Ecol. v 2.‫״‬,)aotl ^ so ‫״‬ .A

ritually-minded ‫ ״‬, ‫ ״ ״‬I n d woe, is disclosed

scene of l a ‫ ' " ־ ״‬f Γ ^ C X ‫ ־‬a h ‫ ״‬- Â l ï the symbols
r e t Ä ‫ ־‬- r s e v S ? 5 i ‫ * ״‬e j u d g m e n t ‫ ־‬. there

I 6

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8s

the pestilence, ana υγ ^ ,, . ‫״״‬v.v.esented

t h s Γ ; ' S w o r d , hnnger, death and
Te o f t e èartf ‫^י‬vere commissioned to waste

way t C h S r increase and destrnctive ravages.

S f w e C erstand these "beasts" ^^y-bohz‫״‬1g

^ p e r e c u t i n g powers; then adding f j s e to a

thP other destructive agencies,—especiallj to tne

mle horse the chief sfmbol in the group; Av‫־‬e may

pale norsc, i j combined emblems,

r ‫ '־‬S r r . ‫ ״‬Γ ‫ ־‬. of all destroying ag‫״־‬-

ί i.tnvians inform us, that "a pestdence an-

: ; : t f r o ~ i a : - through all the provinces

of Rome and Avasted them for fifteen years._ ibis

:'fÄ tlfo sufferings of the ehnrel, are con-

E^ÎnSnnÎ^jfAfnAirlÎ^

Sood on th/m tbat dwell on the earth ί

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TUB APOCALYPSE.
J‫׳‬L tl * « ‫־ ־‬

thren, that should ^ ^^^^^
V, o_a.-At the opening ofJh^^i, ^‫״״‬tents

f T ! ; "foar animals" ^ , ^ V n Î n e T d e v e l o p m e n t of ,

%e:tJ.Ä?SetrtÄ

t î " ^ ί ^ ί ^ ^ ^ Τ , •f f : n S • t i r e t S m o o y

t ™ * às=‫׳‬ÎÎ is in J ‫ ־ ־‬- • _ ‫ ״‬i ‫ ״‬allnsion

Jove to "the trau altar, in ^

These souls ‫^""״‬ „f grace under tue ν

11•‫ ״‬to the outward means ο 6 uiaterial,‫־>י‬1'

! that for ncense, the cou •!i^strated. i'ί^^^,
iS:rSe^m?Kîr‫־‬t‫״‬ri‫־‬hytheaton‫״‬,g

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90 NOTES ON

s a c r i f i c e o f C h r i s t . Second, T h a t a f t e r d e a t h , - e s -

pec a l y b y m a r t y r d o m , t h e s o u l i s safe " u n d e r t h e

^ i t r ' - L ^ f e l l o w s h i p w i t h t h e S a v i o u r T/urd,

That'the soul, "made perfect in holiness," retams a

deen c o n v i c t i o n , t h a t " v e n g e a n c e b e l o n g s t o hod

( c h ^ v i • 2 0 ; ; i x . 1 - 3 . ) Foicrth, T h a t " t h e s p m t s

If just men made perfect," both desire and need

striction relative to the future evolution of the divine

purposes. Adoring the infinite perfections of G o d ,

;pknowled‫״‬ing his holiness a n dacquiescing i n h i s

?.ähfulnesl; they cannot but desire a farther display

0 Idsvindictive and distributive justice, as ind.spen-

sable to the manifestation of the divme glory, the

'ndication of the claims of the divine government,

m asserting o f their i n j u r e d r i g h t s , a n d the c o m p l e -

i n l o f thei? e t e r n a l f e l i c i t y . A c c o r d i n g l y , w e find

their earnest p l e a a d m i t t e d . " I t was said u n t o t h e m ,

. h a t t h e y shoÎ^^ld r e s t . " - T h e i r r e p o s e c a n n e v e r b

disturbed. T h e " w h i t e r o b e s " in which they aie

•ayed, arc not s p u n o u t o f t h e i r o w n b o w e l s , h k e

s p i d e v ' s w e b , e i t h e r b y t h e i r services o r suffer-

‫ ״ ״‬s • but they are the well k n o w n emblenis o f t h e

m uted rightLusness o f their R e d e e m e r , - f a n e l i n e n

c E a‫״‬d‫״‬white, the only righteousness of saint^

ieh x i x 8 1 P e r s e c u t i o n d i d n o t t e r m m a t e u n d e i t h e

P c e d i i i g L a i s . Others, their "fellow-servants and

brethreiCshould b e killed ^« *hey were i h e ho

pagan or Christian, is still a ravenous b e a s t , - d e -

'^ïi^e^polir/of R o m e p a g a n w . « - d i c t a t e t h e state

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91

TBE APOCALYPSE.

-‫״־‬gio‫״‬. The m ffS^:,:S7:^f^

Zre g e n e r a l l y a d o p t e d emo ^.ery
permit no
The P a n t h e o n : T h e r e w a s -^^\l'l.^J

god but "Jacob's God AS ^^^^^ .

. r i v a l , ( E x o d . XX. 2 , 2 3 , I s - x i ‫ • ״‬J 9_21.) Such

: ^ , : : ^ h a v e n o n e o f H i m , (A^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ Christian.

^^^^^^^^

" " ‫ " ־‬Λ a I .elietd when he had ‫ ״‬p e - ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

fig-tree casteth nei u , u ‫ ייו‬roUed to•

he able to stand? ^ ‫^ן‬,^ the

; Ï h t hl‫״‬d t e a c h e t h t e r n b e ^^^^^^^^^ 0 God

Sngs i n nghteo‫״‬sne^Y-^_^57 T h e a w f u l scene dis-

of our salvation. (^^‫ ^ ־ ^ ^ ־‬b^eginning of answe to

c l o s e d w o u l d « f "^^;%7he asotls u n d e r t h e a l t a r ,

the i m p o r t u n a t e c r y o f t h e

as i n the foregoing vision ç, t h e

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92 NOTES ON

series of seals, trumpets and vials, not to speak of

even s still ^ re r e i o t e , w h o l l y p1;eeludes such a n

ntTrpretation. A l l the symbols under the s j x t i sea

betoken revolution. S u c h is their established and

,veil known import in other parts of S c r i p t u r e .

T h e " e a r t h q u a k e " is more than a shaking of the

earth. It is a concussion of the heavens also. A s

H a g ‫ ״‬a i is interpreted by P a u l , we learn the civi and

eccfe°siastical c h l n g e of the Jewish polity by the " ^ h a -

k i ‫ ״ ״‬of the heavens and the earth ' ( H a g . n . 6, H e b .

xii ° 2 6 27.) T h e d a y of final j u d g m e n t is so often

S e r r e d to i s certain, that no special prediction was

needed to assure us of that event. _ I n d e e d , the de¬

scription of the day of j u d g m e n t i s c o m m o n l y em¬

ployed by the prophets to represent revolutions among

S e n a t i o n s . S o it is in reference to the overthrow

Ä ^ y l o n , (Is-xiivJ^O-ofEgypt^iEzek

7, 8,) of Jerusalem, M a t t . x x i v . 7, 2J; '‫׳ יי‬

u 00 a n d s t a r s " are emblems of c i v i l oflicers, su¬
™ a n d subordinate, as w e l l as of m d . t a r y com-

ί •Liers. T h e i r consternation and despair, n o w that

y ai c a s t down from their exalted position as

h e u - e n l y luminaries darkened a n d hurled from their

oibits betray their apprehension of deserved and m-

ev a b l e ' v r a U i . Ind'eed we may view the last three

v l ses of this chapter, as exegetical or explanatory

0 ü i e preceding three. T h e whole frame of imperial

power underwent a change which is oommonly cal d

1 revolution. A n d the grandeur of the complex

symbols, borrowed from the closing ««ene of time

Is never more appropriately ^ p l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ o f ^,^^

of prophecy, than in the present instance to po tray

the total overthrow of pagan power, idolatry and t y ‫־‬

rannv The most conspicuous mstrument in the ivie-

diatom's h a n d b y w h i c h this great ^^«•'^tjon was e f

fected, is well known i n history as " Constantme the

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THE APOCALYPSE. 93

G r e a t . " T h e g - a t l i g h t s of^ t h e h e a U ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t h «

pLotwinegr suicsihv ei lda, nh eda t h e^n«p^r'i ^e 't.s^a'^^^Jd 'a' u g2uurrss w e r e e x t i r_-

paantietyd"w an dpr^of^esfse^d.b^y ^t h^e AeTρe 0^ and his
as ^.

authority exerted for its ,‫ן‬,^ Qod of Israel

t h r o u g h o u t h i s d o m i n m s ^ rhus d ^

;::ru=2rre^t1^' arid thus did he afford unto

t h a n d i v i n e . T o t h e « ^^.<^e‫^״‬f hist^^^^^^^ ^^^^^
i n m a n y r e s p e c t s ^ «^ri^^cmg p r o t o t y p

P r i n c e o f O r a n g e , w h o 0«^ a l e s ^ x

swers as an - t - t j p e - ^ « ^t^^^^ in their

t e e n t h c e n t u r y , neither 0 ^ ^^^^^^^ ,!,^

lives the "power f S f / X !„,!tive apostolic

Second, they did not ‫״^^״^^ ״ ^ ' ^ " ? ״‬.‫ י־‬Constan-

Christianity " a religion '‫ ^יי״‬J ^ J f " operties of the

tine combined in his » ,,‫״‬,uious

lUi osnu r ap inndg tthhee pf or exr. o gHa tei v‫י‬e‫?^״ ' י‬f Zr i/o‫ ״‬n‫ ״‬- s/ Kliun^g^,^ h^ e a s s u m e d

a blasphemous f F e m a c j over t ^^^^^
ceeded to model her external ρ .^^ ^.^^^,^^^

p i e o f t h e e m p i r e , f-^^-^'V^^àereà to his a m -

L f o u n d m e r c e n a r y s p i r i t s - h o Ρ ^^^^.^^^ ^

b i t i o n , - " having his person m

of advantage." Advancing ^^ ^pon them

lence a n d s p l e n d o r , h e ' ^ ' ^ } ^ ' ^ ^ ' ' ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

t o s u p p o r t him i n ^^Mose^working Paul

Thus the mystery of !"^^^^^ί^' t o its f u l l d e v e -

d i s c o v e r e d in h i s time, ^^as nurtured t o ..^

l o p m e n t in H e a v e n ' s a p p o i n t e d tune ( ^^^.^^^

I f o n such occasion's m i g h t y king ^^^^^

generals are stricken ^ i t h di ™ay, ^^^^

terror of all the impenitent enemies

7

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94 ]SiOTES ON

ïidbg-places from " t h e wrath of the L a m b .

CHAPTER VII.

r ; s r S u f 1 * » M ‫ « ־‬K ‫״׳»•> »•״ ״» ״‬. ‫• ״ ״ ״״׳ ™ ״•״‬

nor on any tree. .

V 1 T h e "four angels" represent the mstru-

/ -,Aanre T h e " f o u r c o r n e r s of t h e

upon the acces^on 0 desolating wars

throne,-the temporary which the martyrs

;^aVer^"i^o:‫׳‬7aU^dst^4^\roub and I delivered
thee." (Ps. kxxi. 7 . )

‫־‬. And I another a‫״‬g‫־‬l S ^ S e A f a i S Ä

heads.

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TUB APOCALYPSE. 90

• V s 2 3 . - " A n o t h e r a n g e l . . . . h a v i n g the seal

oflhe^ving G o d , " c a n he n o n e o t ^ e ^ ^ - ^ ^

- ' ' \ ' ' t \ â ' ^ ^ Τ ' : - he Son^oi Î i g h t e o L e s s

their commission, ‫ ; ; ״‬, , ^ - ‫ ^ ״ ^ ^ ^ ^ ״‬t ^ e mfnisters,-
the earth.and the sea t ^ " e a n ^^^^

t h e instruments o f h s f^^^J ^^,^^^ symbolizing

vants o f G o d . I h i s ^ ^ ' i n , j ^^^^^

S:rB;;S;:tÄs3e‫״‬saret0K

:«^ftS.'^'m'ÄerSlen, (‫־‬h.

^‫)••*• •'^'^י‬ ‫ו‬, P ‫ ״‬n ‫ ־‬1 t n n t i n e to C h r i s t i a n mi-

profession ot bhribiiduiij, ‫ ״ ״‬e r v of those i n

tr‫״‬T*"7rr/:;rtrnmpets,'when Antiehr,st

should be fully organized.

1rÄ»e^.w‫־‬TJfthoa‫־‬a‫־‬d.

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96 NOTES OK

tribe oÎBenjamia were sealed twelve thousand.
V s 4 - 8 - T h e number sealed was " a hundred

f o r t y a n d f o u r t h o u s a n d ; " o f e a c \ t ‫ ״‬b e t^^^^^^
thousand." These numbers arenot to be taken lite

ally but comparatively, ascontradistingmshed from
a n S e r company, (v. 9.) Neither do we suppose
with many expositors, that Jews b y nation are here
Ixclusiveiy intended. A t the time referred to, i n
t i e fi h c e n t u r y , t h e " m i d d l e w a l l o f p a r t i t i o n " h a d
b e e n ‫״״‬10 r e m o v e d . ( E p h . i i . 1 4 . ) e.js a n d G e n -
t i e w e r e " a l l o n e i n C h r i s t J e s u s . " ( G a l 111. 2 8 . )
There i no ground to suppose that exactly the same
. wou'ld be sealed of every * - b e ^ Besides
all the ori‫״‬inal tribes are not named. D a n is not
a l n g 1 m , a n d J u d a h i s first i n o r d e r i n R e u b e n s
X c e T h e gates of the heavenly Jerusalem are

‫ ״‬cribed with the names of the twelve tribes of
Israel (ch xxii. 12.) In a word, this sealed company
?composed of Jews and Gentiles, representing he
whoirnumber of true believers, who were enabled
by grace to hold fast their profession i n trying times,
and who experienced more special protection i n peri¬
lous times. (Ezek. ix. 4 - 6 . )

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THE APOCALYPSE. 97

about the elders and the four beasts and fell before the throne

on their faces, and ^ v o r s W ^ ^ God. ^^,^^^^^^^^ ^,^^‫ן‬

our God for ever and ever. Amen.
Vs 9 - 1 2 - T h e "great multitude, which no m a n

)ers, asciiuuig Father and the ob-

b u t t o t h e f r e e g r a c e o f G o d t h e *‫ ^ י‬t h e r a

lation andintercession of the Lamb ^ b e y

SthSÄ^^'Ä^p^viU
the praises of the redeemed by saying, Amern

deemed sinners ‫ ' ־‬- ~ ^ \ * n g e S -*out
of their union to Christ, wniic u‫״‬1j & ‫י‬

s . A ; S u i S - ‫ » ־ ״‬î " i. i• - · · ‫׳‬

the angels in heaven.

JÄe?i‫»־‬e‫־‬1r.nrÄ

» î ï S S ' l said n‫־‬.» Si‫׳‬i^‫״״‬Yr,ï‫״״‬

Ä ? S S \ t Ä r d m Ä ‫י‬..‫ ־״‬1‫' ־‬h.
‫ד‬°‫ *־‬C Ä « aey before thetooneof βο<1, and serve

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9»80

t h ‫ ״ ״‬1 0 l ‫ ״‬1 ‫ < ״‬i ‫ ־ ״‬l ' , , e i l h e r umst a»y mû.c;

1,. F o r‫־‬111L « ‫ ״‬1 ' . , ‫ ״ ' ״‬, ' ' i \ i ‫ ״ ״ ; ״ ״‬l o living founU.n01 ‫־‬
Si -
. - y »>' · ‫" ־ ״ ' ״ ־‬

Vs.' 1 3 - 1 7 . - " One ot .‫־‬11

t ‫ ״‬, information, b»t to ‫ ־‬n ç ç - « » - - , «inis¬

are these, ?" ;Lruction from the members

tors may often "^^^^'Jl^^^Z, his ‫»־‬n questions

of the church, i n i s eiaei ^^

ï L the angel did to ^ ^ ^ ^ ‫^ א ^ ^ ״‬

These are the "greatmultitude J , , e fifth

,vhose " s o u l s " J o h n saw at ^ p e m ‫ ״‬g 0 _ ^.^^

seal, b u t n o w a p p e a r i n g m a nexv a Ρ ^^.^

evident that they had been n g a g ^ m ^^^^^^^^

appears b y t b e ^ ^ ^ V i ' f / t o t h J peaceful reign of

in "great tribulation p u o ! r gno n g o f

C o n s e n t i - . . S a t a n ' s tempt t , o s , t h s p ^J^^^

their'«»»•Is, ,™.P^:‫״™™"״׳‬°'tl‫״‬,in‫ ״‬their lives onto

, v e r e " m a d e w l u t e m t h e 0100 · g^ification a n d

. v a s " m a d e o f G o d u n o h e n i O ^ ^ ^ the human

smainncdt i fci coantci oeni v. e t h(e1 i.d^eoar .o1f r e n d>e •r ^ ^ γ^^^^ g a r m e n t s

.u,]nte b y ^vash‫״‬1g t h e m 1^ W o ‫· « ״‬ ^^^^^
‫י‬
suggested b y the doctrine 0 Christ c

::fietfotÄ^e^t^^^^^^^^^^^
;!;S^tÄ—^tvar.aUth‫־‬

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THE APOCALYPSE. 99

soorehing heat of perseention; they are safe in the

haven ofeternal rest. ,^^^ s e n s a t i o n

N o t only are they fo ever f i e e d ^ ^ ^ ^^.^^^

of " h u n g e r thirst b u tthey ^^^^

‫ ״‬l i v i n g f o u n t a i n s f ^ ^ ^ J ^ ' ^ ^ | ! ( e h . x x f i . 1 · ) "1^1

throne ofGod andofthe Lamb Λ ,^^.^e

t ypresenceisfulnessofjoy,^atthyr1 ^^.^^

S ' p l e a s u r e s f o r ^ - , ^ ^ ^ ‫ ־‬of^ g eat tribulation, to

t h i s c o m p a n y , b r o u g h t 0" « t S ^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^

w h i c h t h e y h a d b e e n s u b j e c t e d i n t^^

t h e t i m e o f Cons antme.^^^^^ company; of the
^^^^ ^ ! ^ , the
sion ofeternal blessedness t^e

‫ ״‬s e a l e d " ones, % % V e Holy Spirit, t o e n t e r t h e l i s t s

g i f t s a n d g r a c e s of t b e Holy b p i ‫י‬ ^^^^^^^^

w i t h t h e Dragon m a m u c h m o r e ‫ & > ״‬, preceding

T o n t e s t . The l a t t e r c o m p a n y a h^^^^^^ ^‫״‬

t h e o t h e r , in t h e o r d e r o f s y m b o

really i ntheorder of time darkness.

ation of thestruggleJ ^ t h t ^ ^ Ρ .j^at nearly
A n d here we make the general ^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^

tbroughout theA P ' ^ ^ f / ^ V n e g s and thechildren of
may call the powers ofdarkness ^^.^.^^^^

light, often change heir rela Ρ ^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

s n m e d i f f e r e n t a s p e c t s And

new, asappears, 2 Cor. x i - ‫י‬

CHAPTER VIII-

!,itherto our observations have been brief,^because

J^rpreters are - ^ y / ; ; X l ^ S ‫ ד‬n t e r e s t i n g book

o f t h e first s e r i e s , t h e s e a s , ^^^^^.^^ time

f f Ä n ^ I Ä ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ t o Christianity, a n d

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100

t ä 1 s t ; ‫ ;» ״‬- t ‫ ״‬r r : : 4 r s T 0 :

^l^X'.^.^jl^iei,ors. ‫־‬13sid‫־‬s, t t e f

ti,n‫ ־‬than all the othe.^.
^ 1 ‫ ״‬° ' ‫ ' ; ׳‬e t o to pagan

t‫״‬L™ri:|‫״־־ ־‬
[h‫־‬1‫״‬:;:tri™p^:^oat‫״\^־‬::;‫״‬Ltron . i . ‫־ ״‬

indispensable.

V 1 - " H e a v e n " is tbe ordinary symbol of orga-

n l i i ‫־־‬oi‫־‬t^.t‫־‬tb‫־ ״‬j‫״‬. 0 ‫ ־ ־ ״‬. — ^

p e c t a t i o n f « « ! - " Κ ‫ ^''״"^״‬S ^to d ™ ' I o n , as n s n a l ,

end. ‫י^"״‬
« And I ‫ ־‬. ‫ ״‬.h‫ ־‬. ‫ ־ ״ ־‬a‫״‬S‫־‬l.

4 ‫ ״‬. " i f t . ™ ο ι - » d « r ‫ ״‬P before « » ^ ‫־"־ ־» ״ ״‬

‫״‬θ1'« h a n d . .

V s 2 - 4 - " S e v e n a n g e l s " a p p e a r t o J o h n a s rm-

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THE APOCALYPSE. 101

H e r e , a s a l l a l o n g hitherto ^ e r e i s a l l ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^

f o r m e r d i s p e n s a t i o n . U ^ f ^ / J . ^ ^ ^ d i r e c t i o n and
trumpets were constructed by diving ^^^.^^^^^

to be used for diverse Ρ^^^^^^^^^^^^ !,ere chiefly

uses of this instrument, ^h^t whicn 1 ^^^^

i n t e n d e d i s , t o " s o u n d a n a l a r m . (^^^1 i n ,

ïïv. 8.) , W h i l s t a l l IS suspen^^^^

lence is broken by the sounding 0 easily

^'^^'Z^^fJ^^^^^^^^the worship of G o d
‫״‬er. A n angel, b y his officn^l place an ^^^^^

distinguished from those havmg the I ;^^^

i n h i s h a n d a ' ' g o l d e n c e n s e r t h a t ^^^It

cense" he might render acceptable t ρ ^^^^

all saints." A s the ^«?«^^^^?^;^^hose that " h e l d
living God,‫ ״‬is distinguished from tnose

the ^ i n d s '‫( ׳‬ch. - ! ' ) ^ : r e ' h e appears as the G r e a t
that h a d the trumpets. Here ne g

H i g h Priest over the ^ouse ot ^0 ,

whole multitude of ^ e people - e i e Ρ ay^ ^^^^.^^

at the time of ^ ^ ^ ^ " ^ L a S v represented as c o n -

of G o d is thus e m h l e m a t i c a l i j i e p ^^!^!^ A n g e l

ducted according to d.-^^^^^^^^ , , , , t h uSto

t h e r e f o r e IS C h r i s t h i m s e l t . 1 , ^ l y Advocate

the Father but b y h i m . H e is tne j

with the Father; and ^ h ^ f

b y oneSpirit unto the F a d er •J ^ ^ t t l e

^ M a y we not inquire, without P^csu ρ ,

i n t o t h e n a t u r e o r P ^ P ^ ^ ^ y ^ ' i ^ e n c e ? A n d what

s a i n t s " at this time of on nous s1le‫״‬c

‫י‬ c o u l d 80 l i k e l y t^e b^ den the^^p^^

thatof thecryof theso^ls un gurely this

t h e d e s t r u c t i o n ot t h e ttoma J ^ g^^^^^ts m

h a s b e e n t h e p r a y e r 0 / G o d s p^^^^^^^ heathen,"

- all ‫^־‬gf Ixxix 6 ^ ^"°‫־"^"״‬

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102

? 1°‫ ב ל «ו‬- ° ‫ ד‬1 . ‫״‬ answe

betöre (joil, as a κιπ ‫ ״‬c , rj|,jg

t e r r i b l e t h i n g s i n - g ^ ^ v s ‫ ״‬n fi d b y s e i t t e r i n g

\].‫^^^^^^^^' ך‬w o r k of v e n g e a n e e is ^^^^^^^,^ '

eoals of fire ‫ ״ ״‬the earth.
,ery same altar,

h^

whence the glorious A ‫ ״‬g e ^f th^^^ov na ^^^^^

^^-Ι^'.^^^.'Ι^τ:^1^'‫ג‬:: : r : ‫ ״‬a t t e r s them

-\f3^^S ; 1 - Γ ί i r c o ' m e to
-^PPf'^JInsd i s c i p l e s
peace on earth ? I tell Y«"' ,unchangeably de-

h i m s e l f , t h e o n l y wise ;‫״‬,^,^"/‫״‬ iviii.

8
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THE APOCALYPSE. 103

Christ. ^i^g seven trumpets,
6 A n d the seven angels, j h i c u

prepared themselves to «0"1>‫״‬. themselves
V . 6 . - T h e "seven angels now piepa

t o s o u n d . " T h e first a l a r m f c o u r s e , ^ ^

end to the "silence f^^^^V,„ , u c h o f t h e r o l l

each seal, when broken dsclosea s ^^^^^^^^^

of the book as was co"?ealed by ^ ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^^^^

leaves no part ^ ^ T ^ ^ ^ t t i s e with the trumpets,
are laid open. It is «therw.se J ^^^^^^^ ^ ^ ^ ^

The reverberations « " « / " C ^ ; several m a y be
r ?t htlefeinr e xptr abyeegr si n sb yt o s o u n d
Thus, s ^^^^.^^^^

partly cotemporary. Again it ^ a ^ ,^^^

^vhether mankind ^ - [ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ formal object of

^ d trehecec-l ej us di agsmt i ceanlt s «i ?n d‫־‬i gc af t'e?d 7>ly! ht hee ttrruummppe t s . S o m e e x -

positors view the one, and some t ^^^^

i n toobject, a n d t h e 1^,^‫״'^^^״«״‬,. neither is the for-

t h e m . W e h u m b l y « ^ , g f f ^ ^ ^ ζ y " b e c a u s e t h e same

mal object withoutteo^hrs^^^^^^^^^

w M a a Z s constitute the comp •^^ , ^ ^ e d a n d

correctness of this view is l ^ J g ^

a b u n d a n t l y c o r i f i r m e d m t b « ^^^^^^^ are no

Apocalypse Provinces, - t ‫ ; " ) ״‬, ^ ; P^,^‫״‬ they
gfivaer‫״‬t h e r w o r t h y oonf c^e« t li c e m ρ
id^gt^ate the i m -

affect t h e d e s t i n y Jbe "‫ ן‬government o f G o d .

m u t a b l e p r m e j P ^ e s o f l^^s m o r a g ,xecuteth,

H e is known by the gments wn ^ ^^^^^

and nations must be taught that^ t ^^^^^^

rule." Dan. iv. 26·) A t ^ ^ j ^ . j ^ . t , not united;

8•

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