BIO Diversity Park

BapJw

""Iymºkv Hcp ]mT]pkvXIw F∂-XmWv \ΩpsS ap{Zm-hmIyw.
C\n-ap-X¬ Iymº-kn-tebv°v IS∂phcp∂ F√m-hcpwhnZym¿∞n-
bmbnamd-Ww. HcpcoXn-bn¬ Iymº-kp-Iƒ Adn-hns‚ t{kmX- p-
Ifmb- n- Xoc- W- w. Ad- nh- pI- ƒ DXv∏mZ- n∏- n°- p∂ tI{µß- f- mbn Iymº-
 pI- sf am‰ph- m≥ ]e- ]≤- X- nI- f- pa- p≠v, AXn¬H∂mWv ssPhs- sh-
hn-[y-]m¿°v. ssPh-ssh-hn-[yamWv ]cnÿnkwXp-e\Øns‚ ASn-
Ø-d. 2016 Pq¨ 5 ]cn-ÿnXn Zn\-Øn¬ _lp-am-\-s∏´ hnZym-
`ymkhIp∏v a{¥n s{]m^k¿ {io.- kn. c-ho-{µ-\mYv \¬Inb ktµ-
i-Øn¬ \n∂v''.

a\p-jy-s\m∏w Ht´sd kky-P-¥p-Pm-e-߃ Cu `qan-bn¬ D≠v.
Pohs‚ Cu sshhn-[y-amWv `qansb ]®-bmbn \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xv.
Cu sshhn-[y-Øns‚ {]k-‡nbpw {]m[m-\yhpw \ΩpsS hnZym-e-
b-߃ Xncn-®-dn-b-Ww. AXn-\mbn ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-ßsf ]cn-N-b-
s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\pw Adnbp-∂-Xn\pw Ip´n-Iƒ°v [mcm-f-ambn Ah-
k-c-߃ D≠m-I-Ww. CXv imkv{X ]T-\-Øns‚ A\n-hm-cy-amb
Hcp kwKXnbs{X. ]p√pI- fpw, sNSnI- fpw , hr£ß- fpw, sNdpPohn-
If- pw, ie`- ß- f- pw, a‰v P¥p°- f- ps- ams° ASß- p∂ sshhn[yßsf
\ΩpsS hnZyme- b- ß- f- n¬ Dt±i- y]- q¿Æa- mbn Bhoj- vIc- n°- pIF∂-
Xm-W ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-]m¿°pIƒ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-epsS e£y-am-
°p-∂-Xv.

CXv Ip´n-I-fn¬ ]cn-kc kulr-Z-]-c-amb A¥-co£w D≠m-°p-
∂-tXm-sSm∏w Hs´sd Bi-b-ßfpw [mc-W-I-fpw, tijn-I-fpw, aqey-
ß-fpw, at\m-`m-h-ßfpw Ah-cn¬ hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°m≥ klm-bn-°p-
Ibpw- sNøp∂p. kwÿm\- sØ F√mh- nZ- y- me- b- ß- f- nepw ssPhs- sh-
hn[- y DZy- m\- ß- f- psS \n¿ΩmW- Ø- ne- qsS ]cnÿ- nXn kwc£- W- Ø- n¬
hnπ-h-I-c-amb Hcp am‰w D≠m-°p-hm≥ km[n°pw. temI-Øns‚
apºn¬ Hcp tIc-f-am-XrI krjvSn-°p-hm≥ t_m[-]q¿∆-amb Cu
{]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v km[n-°p-sa-∂-Xn¬ kwi-b-an-√. Npcp-°-Øn¬
hn2Zym-ebwXs∂ Hcp ]mT-]p-kvX-I-ambn amdp-∂p.

ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw....

`qan-bpsS D]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ Fhn-sS-sbms° Poh\p \ne
\n¬°phm≥ Ignb- ptam Ahns- Sb- p≈ PohP- me- ß- f- psS BsI XpI-
bmWv ssPh-ssh-hn[yw.

a\pjy\pw, Np‰p-ap≈ ]£n arKm-[n-Iƒ, kky eXm-[n-Iƒ,
kqjva-Po-hn-Iƒ Ch-sb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp∂ Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bmWv
ssPh-ssh-hn[yw

Hcp \n›nX ÿetØm Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bntem ImWp∂
Pohs‚ hyXykvX cq]-ß-fmWv ssPh-ssh-hn[yw.

kap{- ZØ- ns‚ Bgß- fnepw Np´ps- ]m≈- p∂ acp`- qa- nI- f- nepw, a™p-
d™ {[ph-{]-tZ-i-ßfnepw,A-¥-co-£-Ønepw Poh km∂n-≤y-
ap≠v.1985˛¬ hmƒ´¿. P- n. t- dmk- ≥ F∂ h\yP- oh- ni- mk- v{X⁄- \- mWv
ssPh-ssh-hn-[yw (Biodiversity-)F∂ hm°v BZy-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-
®-Xv.

1992˛¬ dntbm Un P\nt- dmb- n¬ \S∂ BZy `uaD- ®- t- ImSn "ssPh-
ssh-hn-[y A¥m-cmjv{S DS-ºSn' AwKo-I-cn®p. AXn¬ ssPh-ssh-
hn-[yw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v \¬Ip∂ \n¿∆-N\w Cß-s\-bm-Wv. ""`qan-
bn¬ Ic-bnepw IS-enepw as‰√m Peob Bhmk hyh-ÿ-I-fnepw
hkn-°p∂ sshhn-[y-am¿∂ F√m Poh kaq-l-ß-fpw Ah-bpsS
hn`n∂- a- mb Bhmk- h- yh- ÿ- I- fpw tN¿∂X- mWv sì sPhs- shh- n[- yw' '.

hnhn[ Xcw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y߃

ssPh-ssh-hn-[ysØ aq∂p hyXykvX Xe-ß-fmbn Xncn°mw.
PohP- mXn sshhn[yw (species diversity)- P\- nX- I sshhn[- yw (Ge-
netic diversity) B- h- mk hyhÿ sshhn[yw (Ecosystem diversity)

Poh-PmXn sshhn[yw (species diversity)

`qan-bn¬ ImW-s∏-Sp∂ hyXykvX Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fpsS sshhn-[y-sØ-
bmWv Poh-PmXn sshhn[yw F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv. kky-

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-amWv Poh≥
ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-amWv \ΩpsS PohnXw

2010 ssPh-ssh-hn[y h¿j ap{Zm-hmIyw

3

߃,P-¥p-°ƒ, kqjva-Po-hn-Iƒ F∂n-h-bn¬ Xs∂-bp≈ hnhn[
hn`mK- ß- s- f√mw tNcp∂ ssPhs- shh- n[- ya- mW- nX- v. Bhmkhyhÿ- -
bpsS ÿnc-Xbv°v Poh-Pm-Xn-ssh-hn[yw A\n-hm-cy-amWv . Irjn-`q-
an-bn¬ Poh-Pm-Xn-Iƒ Ipd-hm-b-Xn-\m¬ Ahbv°v h\-Øns\ At]-
£n®v ÿncX Ipd-hmWv.

P-\n-XI sshhn-[yw (Genetic diversity)

Hmtcm Pohn-Pm-Xn-I-fnepw P\n-XI]c-ambn [mcmfw sshhn-[y-
ßf- p≠v. AXn\- m¬ PohnI- ƒ AXns‚ Xs∂ h¿KØ- ne- p≈ as‰mcp
Pohn-bn¬ \n∂pw hyXy-kvXX ]pe¿Øp∂p.DZml-c-W-ambn I∂p-
Im-en-Iƒ Htc Pohn-h¿§-am-sW-¶nepw Ah-bn¬ Xs∂ hyXykvX
C\-ß-fp≠v. sh®q¿,- P-gvkn,- kp-\-µn-\n,- kn-‘n,- XpS-ßn-bh.

a\p-jy≥ Htc-Po-h-Pm-Xn-bn¬s∏´-Xm-sW-¶nepw hnhn[ `q{]-tZ-i-
ß-fnse a\p-jy¿ XΩn¬ _mly-cq-]-L-S-\-bn¬ hyXym-k-ap≠v

Hmtcm Pohn-h¿§-ß-fp-sSbpw Po\p-I-fn¬ hcp∂ sNdnb hyXym-k-
ß-fmWv P\n-XI sshhn-[y-Øn\v ImcWw.

P\n-XI sshhn[yw ]pXnb Pohn-h¿§-ß-fpsS Bhn¿`m-h-Øn-
te°v \bn-°p∂ ]cn-Wm-a-{]-{In-b-bpsS ASn-ÿm-\-amWv.

B-hmk hyhÿm sshhn[yw (Ecosystem diversity)

Hmtcm Pohnbpw Np‰p-]m-Sp-ap≈ a‰p-Po-hn-I-fp-ambpw , ]cn-ÿn-Xn-
bnse APo-hn-b-L-S-I-ß-fp-ambpw {]Xn-{]-h¿Øn-®pw, B{i-bn-®p-
amWv Pohn-°p-∂Xv. Pohn-Iƒ CØ-c-Øn¬ A[n-h-kn-°p∂ CS-ß-
fmWv Bhmk hyh-ÿ-Iƒ hyXy-kvX-ß-fmb ssPh-k-aq-l-߃
Dƒs°m-≈p∂ hn`n-∂-ß-fmb Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-I-fp-≠v- CXn-s\-
bmWv Bhmk- h- yh- ÿm sshhn[yw F∂X- ps- Im≠v Dt±i- n°- p∂- Xv.

kzm`m-hn-I-h-\-ß-fnepw tZio-tbm-Zym-\-ß-fnepw kwc-£n-X-ta-J-
eI- f- nepw am{Xa- mWv ssPhs- shh- n[yw ImWp∂- Xv Fs∂mcp hnizm-
k-ap-≠v. F∂m¬ AhnsS am{X-a√ a\pjy \n¿Ωn-Xhpw ]cn-]m-en-
X-hp-amb ^map-Iƒ, tXm´-߃,Ir-jn-`qan, AIzmIƒ®¿ ^mw,-\m-K-
cnI Bhm-k-߃˛ F∂n-h-bnepw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-ap-≠v.

ssPh-sshhn[yØns‚ {]m[m\yw

Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bpsS D¬]m-Z-\-£-aX (Productivity) - Iq-´p-
∂-Xn¬ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øn\p henb ]¶p≠v. F{X sNdnb Pohn-

4

h¿§-ß-fm-bmepw AXn\v Bhm-k-hy-h-kvY-bn¬ Hcp [¿Ωw

D≠mIpw. sshhn[yw IqSp-∂-Xn\\pk-cn®v Bhm-k-hy-hÿ

kpÿn-c-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cn°pw.

Pet- {kmX-  - pI- f- psS kwc£- W- w, aÆns‚ cq]oI- c- W- hpw kwc-

£-Whpw.

t]mj- I- L- S- I- ß- f- psS kw`c- W- hpw ]p\:N{Ia- W- h- pw (Recycling)

a-en-\o-I-c-W-Øns‚ BLmXw Ipd-bv°¬

Im-em-hÿm ÿnc-X, BtKm-f-Xm-]\w Ipd-bv°¬

A-km-[m-cW kml-N-cy-߃ ({]-Ir-Xn-t£m-`-߃) XcWw sNøpI.

`-£-Ww, acp-∂p-Iƒ, XSn D¬∏-∂-߃,-A-e-¶m-c-s®-Sn-Iƒ XpS-

ßnb ssPh-hn-`-h-߃ e`y-am-°pI.

K-th-j-Ww, ]T-\w, hnt\m-Zw, XpS-ßn-b-km-aq-ln-I-amb Imcy-

߃ \n¿∆-ln-°¬.

Ch-sb√mw ssPh-ssh-hn[yw \¬Ip∂ tkh-\-ß-fmWv.

ssPh tkh-\-߃°v \mw hne-bn-´m¬ AXv GI-tZiw 33

{Sney¨ bp.-Fkv tUmf-dp-Iƒ°v Xpey-amWv . CXv BtKmf Dev]m-

Z\£a-X-bpsS c≠n-c´n hcpw

tX\o-®-Iƒ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-

Øn¬ kp{]-[m\ [¿Ωw hln-°p∂ kkyß- f- psS
PohnI- f- mWv 130000 ¬ ]cw kky C\- PohnX ssZ¿Ly
߃°v ]cm-KWw \S-Øm≥ tX\o-
®-Iƒ IqSntb Xocq. hyXymk- ß- ƒ

ssPh-ssh-hn[y \mi-Øn- GXm\pw amk-߃ am{Xw
s‚ Imc-W-߃ Bbp-kp≈ ajn-Ø-≠v,-Xp-
º,-Noc XpS-ßnb Zp¿∫-e-
Bhmk hyh-ÿ-bpsS \mihpw ImWvUk-ky-߃,-\m-em-
inYn-eo-I-c-Whpw bncw h¿jw Ign-™n´pw
Ct∏mgpw hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-
ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ AanX cn-°p∂ sdUv hpUv ac-
NqjWw ߃ Chsbms° kky-
ssh-hn-[y-ß-fn-ep≠v.
hntZi C\-ß-fpsS IS∂p Ib‰w
kl hwi \miw (D-Zm.-au-do-jykv

Zzo]p-I-fn¬ tUmtUm ]£n-Iƒ°v

hwi-\miw kw`-hn-®-t∏mƒIm¬th- 5

cnb ac-ßfpw hwi-\m-i-Øn-te°v \oßn. ImcWw tUmtUm ]£n-
I-fpsS Zl-\-hy-h-ÿ-bn-eqsS IS∂p t]mbm-¬ am{Xta Im¬h-
cnb ac-ß-fpsS hnØv apf-°p-I-bp≈p.)

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øns‚ kwc-£Ww

c≠pco-Xn-bn¬ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw \ap°p kwc-£n°mw
1 - In-situ conservation (B- b- nc- n°- p∂ Bhmk- h- yh- ÿ- b- n¬ Xs∂
kwc-£n-°pI. DZm: tZiob DZ-ym-\-߃, h\-y-Pohn kt¶-X-߃
2 - Ex-situ conservation (-B-hmk hyh-ÿ-bn¬ \n∂p ]pd-Øp-
sIm-≠ph∂p kwc-£n-°p-I.)
DZm: kvIqƒ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\w, Po≥ _m¶p-Iƒ.

Kh.-ssl-kvIqƒ, ASn-am-en, CSp°n

6

Red Data List
hwi-\mi `ojWn t\cn-Sp∂ Pohn-I-fpsS ]´n-I-bmWv Nph∂
hnh-c-ß-f-DsS ]´nI AYhm Red Data List F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv.
IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural
Resources ) BWv Cu enÃv Xøm-dm-°p-∂Xv. CXn¬ ]e-hn-`m-K-ß-
fmbn Pohn-Isf Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cn-°p∂p.
1- Extinct(Ex) - H∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n-√, hwi-\miw kw`-hn®p.
2- Extinct in the Wild (Ew) {]IrXn ZØ-amb Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bn¬
H∂pw Ah-ti-jn-°p-∂n√.
3- Critically Endagerd (CR) i‡-amb hwi-\mi `ojWn t\cn-Sp∂p.
4- Endagered (EN) {]I- rXn ZØ Bhmk- Ø- n\v hwi\- mj `ojWn
i‡-amWv.
5- Vulnerable (VU)- h-\y-X-bn¬ hwi-\mi `ojWn t\cn-Sp∂p.
6- Near Threatened (NT)- hw-i-\mi `oj-Wn-bn-te-°-Sp-°p∂p.
7- Least Concern(LC)- hw-i-\mi `ojWn Ipd-hmWv
8- Data Deficient (DD)- hwi- \- miw hneb- nc- pØ- ph- m≥ Bhi- ya- mb
hnh-c-߃ e`y-a-√m-Øh
9- Not Evaluated(NE)- hn-e-bn-cp-ج \S-Øn-bn-´n√.

ssPh-ssh-hn[y A\p-_‘ Zn\-߃

1˛ s^{_p-hcn 2: temI NXp-∏p-\ne Zn\w

2˛ am¿®v 21 : temI h\-Zn\w

3˛ am¿®v 22 : temI Pe-Zn\w

4˛ G{]n¬ 22 : `ua-Zn\w

5˛ sabv 22 : ssPh-ssh-hn[y Zn\w (2011-2020 hsc ssPh-
ssh-hn[y Zi-I-ambn BN-cn-°p-∂p)

6˛ Pq¨ 5 : temI ]cn-ÿnXn Zn\w

7˛ sk]v‰w-_¿ 16 : Hmtkm¨ Zn\w

8˛ HIvtSm-_¿ 16 : thƒUv lm_n-‰m‰v Zn\w

7

Xh-c-∏m´v

Xh-c-sam-f°v∂v Xmt\ samf°v∂v
Hcv ]mSv samf°v∂v s]m≥X-hc
Xh-csamf-®n‰v Cusce Xncnbv∂v
AXv I≠v ]n≈-Ωm-dSn sXmSßo
aps´-I-c-Øn¬ XIc hf-∂n‰v
ASn-apSn Ipcp-s∂e s\d-™t√m
Hcv\mfn-semcp apdw adp-\m-fn-en-cp- apdw
Aßs\ apΩpdw Xhc \p≈n

(tIcf `mjmKm\-߃)

ssPhs- shh- n[y tlmSkv tv ]m´- pI- ƒ
a\pjys‚ {]h¿Ø\- ß- ƒ sIm≠v \mtim≥apJ- a- mb- ns- °m≠- nc- n°- p∂Xpw
F∂m-¬ A`q-X-]q¿h-amb Poh-PmXn sshhn-[y-ap-≈-Xp-amb ]cn-ÿn-Xn-bnse
{]tXyI ÿeß- f- mWv tlmSvkvt]m´- pI- ƒ (AX- oh Pm{KX {]tZi- ß- ƒ) temI-
ØmI- a- m\w 34 ssPhs- shh- n[y tlmSvkvt]m´- pI- ƒ D≠v CXn¬ 4 FÆw C¥y-
bn-ep≠v. lnam-e-bw, ]›n-a-L-´w, hS-°p-In-g-°≥ln-am-e-b-`m-K-߃, B≥U-
am≥ \nt°m_- m¿Zzo]p kaql- ß- ƒ F∂nh- b- mW- Xv. Chb- n¬ G‰hpw Db¿∂-
tXm-Xn-¬ Xt±i Poh-Pm-Xn-I-fp≈ ]›n-a-L-´sØ 2012˛¬ temI ss]XrI
]´n-I-bn¬ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.
Aaq-eyhpw AXp-ey-hp-amb ssPh-ssh-hn[yw hf-sc-s∏-s´∂v \misØ
t\cn-Sp-Ibpw Kpcp-X-c-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-b-eqsS IS∂p t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp∂
ssPh-a-WvU-e-ß-sf-bmWv AXoh Pm{K-X-{]-tZ-i-ß-fmbn (tlm-Svkvt]m-´p-I-
fm-bn)-I-W-°m-°p-∂Xv.
\ΩpsS Np‰p-h-´Øp Xs∂-bp≈ Hcp ]s£ C\n \m¬]-sXÆw am{Xw
_m°n-bp≈ keow Aen h∆m¬, c≠m-bncw FÆw _m°n-bp≈ hc-bm-Sp-
Iƒ, C\nbpw HscÆ- s- a¶- nepw _m°nb- pt≠m F∂pd- ∏- n√- mØ ae_- m¿ shcp-
Iv,-knw-l-hm-e≥ Ipcßv Chsb°pdn-s®ms° \mw hymIp-e-s∏-tS-≠n-bn-cn-
°p∂p.

8

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y- DZ-ym\w

]t©-{µn-bm-\p-`-h-ß-fn-eqsS {]{In-bm-ti-jn-Iƒ hnI-kn-∏n-°p-

I-bmWv bYm¿∞ imkv{X-]-T\ e£y-sa∂ Xncn-®-dnhv \ap-°p-

≠v. ss{]a-dn-X-e-Ønse imkv{X-]-T-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn Ip´n°v

Xs‚ ]cn-k-csØ At\z-jn-®-dn-bp-hm\pw imkv{Xo-b-[m-c-W-Iƒ

cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw e`n-°Ww. F¶n¬ am{Xta ]T\w

k¿§m-fl-Ihpw Bkzm-Zy-I-c-hp-amb A\p-`-h-ambn amdq, Adn-hp-

\n¿ΩmWw \S-°q.

]cn-k-c-]-T-\-˛-im-kv{X-]-T-\-Øn¬ kvIqƒ]-cn-k-c-hp-ambn _‘-

s∏´ At\Iw Bi-b-߃, ss\]p-Wn-Iƒ, at\m-`m-h-߃ F-∂nh

Ip´n-Iƒ B¿÷n-t°-≠-Xp-≠v. AXn-\mbn \q-‰n-A-dp-]-tXmfw k-

ky-߃ \´pw \\®pw ]cn-]m-en-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]co-£W \nco-£-W-

ß-fn-eqsS ASp-Ø-dn-bp-∂-Xn-\p-ap≈ kµ¿`-߃ Icn-°pew

\njvI¿jn-°p-∂p. ]qºm-‰-Iƒ, ]£n-Iƒ, sNdp-Po-hn-Iƒ Ch-bp-

sS-sbms° khn-ti-j-X-Ifpw ]c-kv]-cm-{i-b-Xzhpw kq£va-hn-i-I-

e\- Ø- n\v hnt[b- a- m°- W- w. CØcw t\c\- p`- h- ß- ƒ, ]cnÿ- nXn kwc-

£Ww, ssPh sshhn[- yk- wc- £- W- w, amen\- y\- n¿am¿P\- w, Du¿÷-

kw-c-£Ww XpSßn F√m {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnepw ]¶m-fn-bm-Ip-∂-Xn-

\p≈ kz`m-hnImh-k-c-ßfpw krjvSn-°p-∂p.

ss{]adn ¢mkp-I-fnse ]mTy-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-b-Øn\v Bh-iy-amb

kky-,P-¥p-ssh-hn-[y-ßfpw A\p-_‘ kwhn-[m-\-ßfpw Hcp-°n-

bn-´p≈ kvIqƒ ]cn-k-csØ ssPh-ssh-hn[y DZym\w F∂p ]d-

bmw.-ChnsS hnhn-[-Xcw ]qs®-Sn-Iƒ, Hu-j-[-k-ky߃ ,]-®-°-dn-

Iƒ,- ^-ehr-£-߃,- i-e-t`m-Zym\w, sNdp-Ip-f߃,-]-£n-\n-co-£-

W-kw-hn-[m-\-߃ ,am-en-\y-kw-kvI-cW Pe kwc-£-W -kw-hn-[m-

\-߃ F∂nh Hcp-°n-bn-´p-≠m-hpw.-Iq-SmsX kzm`m-hn-I-amb sNdp-

h-\-߃ ,A\yw \n∂p t]mIp∂ kky-߃ ,Ip-´n-Iƒ°p≈ Ccn-

∏nS- ß- ƒ F∂nh ChnsS D≠mh- pw.N- pc- p°- Ø- n¬ P\nX- I- s- shh- n[yw,

Po-h-PmXn sshhn[yw ,B-hm-k-hy-hÿ m sshhn[yw F∂n-

h-bpsS sNdp-]-Xn-∏m-bn-cn°pw hnZym-e-b ssPhsshhn-[y-

DZym\w. 9

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-DZ-ym\w- F¥n\v?

? \nco£- W ]co£- W- ß- f- ne- qsS \nKa- \- Ø- ns- eØ- p∂ imk{v Xob
coXn kzmb-Ø-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ CS-amW v ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-
]m¿°p-Iƒ.

? Hmtcm Ip´n°pw ]T\- t- \´w Dd∏- m°- m≥ Bhi- ya- mb ]T\ hkXv p-
°ƒ ]cn-k-c-Øp-Xs∂ e`y-am-°p-∂p.

? Ip´n-ƒ°v t\cn-´p≈ A\p-`hw e`yam°p-∂p.
? Ip´n-bpsS Pn⁄mk DW¿Øm≥, hnI-kn-∏n-°m≥, kq£va-am-

°m≥ At\zjn®v Is≠-Øm-≥ -C- h°p≈ tijn e`n-°p-∂p.
? hnhn[¢} m pIfn¬ hnhn[?hnjbßfn¬ BgØ- ne- p≈ ]T\w

Dd-∏m-°p-∂p.
? {]Ir-Xnsb kzbw ]Tn-°m\pw ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K- s∏-Sp-

Øm\pw Ign-bp-∂p.
? XpS¿{]-h¿Ø-\-߃°v (t{]mP-IvSp-Iƒ, k¿Km-fl-I-c-N-\-Iƒ)

D¬t{]-c-I-am-Ip-∂p.
? `mjm hnjb- ß- f- n¬ k¿KmXvaI- cN\Iƒ X- ømdm°m≥, K- WnX-

hkvXpXIsf {- ]tbmKX- eØn¬- AhXcn∏n°m≥ IYI- ƒ, Ihn-
X-Iƒ Bkz-Zn-°m≥.
? A[ym-]-I¿°v ]T-t\m-]-I-c-W-߃ Np‰p-]m-Sn¬Xs∂ e`y-am-
Ip∂p.
? ]cn-ÿnXn kwc-£W {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Hmtcm Ip´nbpw ]¶m-
fn-bm-Ip-∂p.
? ]cn-ÿnXn ¢_v {]h¿Ø-\-߃ A¿∞-]q¿Æ-am-Ip-∂p.
? {]IrXnsb∂ -hnime- ]co£W- imebpsS- A¿XvYhpw-
hy]vXnbpw- Xncn®dnbp∂q..

temIta Xd-hm-Sp, -\-ap-°o-s®-Sn-Ifpw
]p¬Ifpw ]pgp-°fpw IqSnØ≥ IpSpw-_-°m¿

(h≈-tØmƒ)

10

ssPh sshhn-[y-]m¿°v Fßs\ {Iao-I-cn°mw?

F√m hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw ssPh sshhn-[y-]m¿°v D≠m-
bn-cn-°-Ww. Hmtcm kvIqfn-s‚bpw ÿe kuI-cy-ßfpw km[y-
Xbpw ]cn-K-Wn-®m-bn-cn-°Ww CXns‚ hym]vXn \n›-bn-t°-≠-
Xv. Ip´n-I-fp-sS-bpw, A[ym-]-I-cp-sSbpw a‰p klm-bI kwhn-[m-\-
ß-fp-sSbpw GtIm-]n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-bn-cn-
°Ww CXns‚ \n¿Ωn-Xn. hnhn[ hy‡n-I-fp-sSbpw hIp-∏p-I-fp-
sSbpw sshZKvZyw CXn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw.

1. Hmtcm hnZym-e-b-Øn-s‚bpw
amÿ πm≥ Xøm-dm-°p-
tºmƒ AXn¬ ]m¿°n-
\p≈ ÿm\w Is≠-Ø-
Ww. (\n-e-hn¬ Ip´n-I-fpsS
Ifn-ÿ-e-߃, Ah¿ CS-]-
g-Ip∂ CS-߃ XpS-ßn-bh
Hgn-hm-°n-bm-bn-cn-°Ww
ÿm\w \n›-bn-t°-≠-Xv).

2. amÿ πm\n¬ \n¿t±-in®
ÿeØv ]m¿°n-\mbn
{]tXyI πm≥ Xøm-dm-°-
Ww. (hr-£-ß-fpsS
ÿm\w, ie` ]m¿°v,
Ipfw, a‰v A\p-_‘ kwhn-[m-\-߃, \nco-£W ÿm\-߃
Ch-bv°mbn IrXy-amb ÿe-\n¿Æbw \S-Ø-Ww).

3. hnhn[ GP≥kn-I-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS Bbn-cn-°Ww πm≥
Xøm-dm-t°-≠Xv (F-kv.-B¿.-Pn, ]n.-‰n.-F, Fkv.-Fw.-kn, F¬.-F-
kv.-Pn, ]q¿∆-hn-Zym¿∞n kwL-S-\, kmt¶-XnI hnZ-KvZ¿ XpS-ßn-
bh- )

4. ta¬∏-d™ GP≥kn-I-fpsS {]mXn-\n[yw Dƒs∏-Sp∂

\n¿Ωm-W-I-Ω‰n cq]o-I-cn-°p-I, {]h¿Ø-\-߃ ka-b-

_-‘n-X-ambn Bhn-jv°-cn-°p-I. 11

5. H∂p-ap-X-ep≈ ¢m p-I-fnse ]T-\-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-ambn
ssPh-ssh-hn[yw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ _‘-s∏´ A[ym-]-I-cpsS
KpW-]-c-amb CS-s]-S¬ AXym-h-iy-am-Wv.

6. Bh-iy-amb ssXIƒ, hnØp-Iƒ, tiJ-cn-°¬, \ne-sam-cp-°¬,
\´p-h-f¿Ø¬, hfw tN¿°¬, Pe-tk-N\w F∂nh sNøp-∂p.
(e`- ya- mI- p∂ C\ß- f- psS ]ca- mh- [n sshhn[yw D≠mI- m≥ {i≤n-
°-Ww. DZm: hnhn-[-Xcw sNº-c-Øn-Iƒ, tdmkv, ap√, Xpfkn
h¿§-߃, apfIv C\-߃ XpS-ßn-b-h).

7. as‰mcp Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-bmb Ipfw \n¿Ωn-°¬ (a-’y-߃ a‰v
Pe-Po-hn-I-fmb Ba, \Ø-°, Xh-f, Pe-k-ky-ß-ƒ F∂nh
D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww). Ip´n-Iƒ°v \nco-£n-°p-hm-\p≈ kuIcyw
ChnsS D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Pe-^u-≠≥ t]mep≈ kwhn-[m-\-
߃ ]cn-K-Wn-°mw.

8. ie`- ]- m¿°n¬ ie`- ß- s- fbpw h≠pI- s- fbpw BI¿jn°- m\- p≈
]qs®-Sn-Ifpw CXck-ky-ß-fp-amWv D≠m-tI-≠-Xv. Ch-bn¬
cq]m¥- c- k- k- yß- f- pw, Blmc- k- k- yß- fpw D≠mb- nc- n°- W- w. DZm-
l-c-W-ambn \mc-I-°mfn F∂ Nn{X-i-e- -`-Øn\v Blm-c-k-ky-
ß-fmb sNº-c-Øn, aµm-cw, cmP-a√n F∂n-hbpw cq]m-¥-c-k-
ky-ß-fmb \mc-Iw, ]mW≥ F∂n-hbpw \´p-]n-Sn-∏n-°-Ww. (A-
\p-_‘w 3 t\m°p-I).

9. sh≈hpw, Blm-chpw tXSn-h-cp∂ ]£n-Isf ssPh sshhn[y
]m¿°n-te°v BI¿jn-°mw. Bh-iy-amb sh≈-hpw, ]g-ß-
fpw, [m\y-ß-fpw, hn{i-an-°m-\p≈ kt¶-X-ßfpw Hcp°n h°p-
I-bm-sW-¶n¬ ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ ]£n-Isf \nco-£n-°p-hm-\pw,
]Tn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Ah-k-c-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ°p-≠m-hpw.

10. XpS¿∂v A\p_‘ kwhn-[m-\-ß-fmb ag-sh≈ kw`-c-Wn,
InW¿ do Nm¿Pv sNø¬, amen\y kwkvI-cW am¿§-߃ XpS-
ßn-bh Hmtcm hnZym-e-b-Øn-s‚bpw kml-N-cy-߃°pw Ah-
k-c-߃°pw A\p-k-cn®v Hcp-°-Ww. CXn-\m-h-iy-amb kmt¶-
XnI sshZ-Kv[y-߃ kam-l-cn-°p-Ibpw ÿmbn-bmbn D]-tbm-
K-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

11. ssPh-ssh-hn[y ]m¿°ns‚ ]cn-N-cWw Ip´n-I-fpsS
{Kq∏pI- sf G¬∏n°- mw. A[ym]- I- c- psS t\XrX- zh- pw, c£n-

12

Xm-°-fpsS klm-bhpw C°m-cy-Øn¬ D≠m-I-Ww. Pe-tk-N-
\-Øn\v hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ D]-tbm-Kn®v Ign™ Pe-ti-J-csØ
ip≤o-I-cn®v D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ømw. Xp≈n X\ t]mse-bp≈
kt¶-X-ßsf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xv Pe-Zp¿hybw Ipd-bv°m≥
klm-bn-°pw.

12. Ip´n-I-fpsS kpc-£n-XXzw ]q¿Æ-ambn kwc-£n®v sIm≠m-bn-
cn-°Ww ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-]m¿°p-Iƒ kwL-Sn-∏n-t°-≠-Xv.

13. ssPhs- shh- n[- y]- m¿°ns‚ kwLmS- \- Ø- ne- qsS hnZyme- b- Ø- n\- p-
≠mI- p∂ t\´ß- sf kab- _- ‘- nX- a- mbn hniI- e- \w sNøpI- bpw
{]Ivj km£y-ßsf tUmIyp-sa‚ v sNøp-Ibpw thWw.

14. hnhn[ GP≥kn-I-fp-ambn DZv{K-Yn-®p-sIm≠v ]m¿°ns‚ kwc-
£W- Ø- n\- pw, \ne\- n¬∏n\- pa- p≈ k÷oI- c- W- ß- ƒ Dd∏- m°- W- w.
F¬.-F-kv.-Pn, ]n.-‰n.-F. ]cn-ÿnXn ¢∫p-Iƒ, Iem kmwkvIm-
cnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ, ]q¿∆-hn-Zym¿∞n kwL-S-\-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bh
Dƒs∏-Sp∂ kwc-£W kan-Xn-Iƒ cq]o-I-cn-°p-I-bpw, ssPh-
then AS-°-ap≈ kwhn-[m-\-߃ kwc-£-Øn-\mbn D]-tbm-K-
s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw thWw.

15. ssPh-ssh-hn[y cPn-ÿ Xøm-dm°n s]mXp-hmbn {]Z¿in-∏n-t°-
≠-Xm-Wv. F√m kky-ß-fp-sSbpw t]cp-Iƒ (im-kv{X-\m-aw,
{]mtZ-inI \maw Dƒs∏-sS) {]Z¿in-∏n-°-Ww.
Ipdn∏v: A]q¿∆-am-b-Xpw, hwi-\miw kw`-hn-°p-hm≥ km[y-X-
bp≈- X- pa- mb C\ß- ƒ {]tXyI ]cnK- W- \- t- bmsS kwc£- n°- Ww.

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y ]m¿°v cq]-tcJ 13

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\-Øn¬
Fs¥√mw C\-߃ / kma-{Kn-Iƒ?

A. kk-y-߃
B. ie-`-]m¿°v
C. Ipfw

D. ]£n-Iƒ°v IqsSm-cp-°¬ Pew \¬I¬, Blmcw \¬I¬

E. sNdp-Im-Sp-Iƒ

F. ag-∏-¥¬

G. ag-sh-≈-kw-`-cWn

H. ag-°pgn

I. InW¿ do®m¿Pp sNø¬

J. kutcm¿÷ ]m\¬

K. Pe-kw-c-£W am¿K-߃

L. Pe-tk-N\ am¿§-߃

M. aÆp-kw-c-£W am¿K-߃

N. sX¿tam-ao-‰¿ ÿm]n-°¬

O. ag-am-]n\n

P. amen\y kwkv°-cWw ssPhw

Q. Itºm-ÃvIpgn AssPhw
R. _tbm-Kymkv πm‚ v A]I- S- I- cw

S. tX\o-®-h-f¿Ø¬

T. sshth-dnbw

U. Hm¿°n-tU-dnbw

V. t]mfn-lukv

W. \£-{X-h\w

X. Ip´n-Iƒ°p≈ Ccp-∏n-S-߃

Y. Unkvtπ -t_m¿Up-Iƒ

Z. hnZ-ym-eb Im¿jnI t\gvkdn

14

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\-Ønse
kky-߃

(imkv-{X-\m-aw, \So¬co-Xn, ]cn-N-c-Ww)

15

ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\-Øns‚
hniZmw-i-߃

A. kk-y-߃ Hmj[n-Iƒ Pa¥n
shfp-Øp≈n
kqcy-Im¥n a√ns- ®Sn hmg
ISpIv Cea- pf- ®n Xpº
XIc Xgp-Xma _ntKmW- nb
]\n-°q¿° sXm´m-hmSn \mepa- W- ns- ®Sn
Imin-Xpº \ne∏- \ ap°p‰n
tat¥m∂n ssIX Icnºv
ajnØ- ≠- v,- Io-gm¿s\√n ]mh¬
apb¬s®hnb≥ \nimK- ‘n Ipºfw
sh≠ ]b¿ X°mfn
]Sh- ew aØ≥ apØß
hgpX\ apfIv tImh¬
HmSvkv IdpI ssakq¿Noc
Akv{X-]p√v hbºv NXp-c-]-b¿
khmf D≈n I{Xn°
kmºm¿Noc tImfn^- fh¿ Imt_Pv
Ip‰n∏- b- ¿ _o≥kv s\√v
dmUnjv Nncß \dp\- o≠n
Aac cma®w Nn‰-arXv
tKmXºv tNmfw Aa-cbv°
sh‰ne ap¥ncn Iq¿°
XÆna- Ø- ≥ aWnπ- m‚ v
_m¿en a[pc°n-gßv

16

Iymc‰v Im®n¬ Dcp-f-°n-gßv
tNºv tN\ _o‰vdq´v
iXm-hcn C©n- a™ƒ
aeb- n©n C©n-amß It®mew
Ipcpapf- Iv Gew

Ip‰n-s®-Sn-Iƒ

tdmk s_mtKb- v≥hn√ \¥ym¿h´w
IrjvWI- nc- oSw sN≠pa- p√ s]cpI- new
sNºc- Øn sNØn aƒ_dn
K‘c- mP- ≥ Idnt- h∏v Im∏n
sImt°m BSt- emS- Iw Acfn
Fcp°v B‰ps- sIX B∏nƒ
k_¿Pn¬ DΩw sh≈ne
Iq‰n∏- me apkm≠ Acn∏q
I∏ ]n®Iw

hr£-߃

Ce™n ]me t]c
amhv Nmº kt∏m´
dºq-´m≥ ]∏mb BØ
ISπ- mhv πmhv tX°v
_Zmw apcnß ]\
Bcyt- h∏v sXßv Iipa- mhv
d∫¿ thß koX-∏gw
Ac-W-acw HXfw ]™n
almK- Wn {Kmºp PmXn

Note: Hmtcm kvIqfns‚ kuI-c-y-߃, A¥-co-£w, ÿe-e-`y- 17
X, `qan-im-kv{X-]-c-amb LS-I-߃ ]cn-K-Wn®v IqSp-X¬ kky-
߃ Dƒ-s∏SpØmw (A-\p-_‘w t\m°p-I)

ie`]m¿°v

]q°sf t]mse kpµ-c-amWv ie-`-ßfpw. Ah-bn-√mØ
temIw F{X hnc-k-am-bn-cn-°pw. ]q°-tfm-sSm-∏-amWv ]qºm-‰-bpw.
ie-`-ß-fpsS sshhn-[ysØ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn\pw Ahsb Xncn-®-
dnb- p∂- X- n\pw \ap°v Igntb≠- X- s- √. AXn\v Hmtcm ie`- Ø- ns- ‚bpw
t]cpw Ah-bpsS Blm-chpw, em¿h-bpsS Blm-c-k-kyhpw Xncn-
®-dn™v Ah kvIqƒ hf-∏n¬ h®p-]n-Sn-∏n-°p-I. ]m¿°v ]q¿Øn-
bm-bm¬ ie-`-߃ FØn tX≥ \pI-cm\pw Ah-bpsS sNSn-I-fn¬
ap´-bn-Sm\pw XpS-ßpw.

18

B. ie-`-]m¿°v

ie-`-߃ ˛ Blm-c-k-ky-ßfpw cq]m-¥-cW kky-ßfpw

{Ia- Name Feeding Plants Breeding Plants
\-º¿
1 \mc-I-°mfn sNº-cØn \mcIw
aµmcw ]mW¬
2 IrjvWi- e- `w cmPa- √n
3 KcpV- i- e- `w sX‰n Kcp-V-s°mSn
4 \m´p-tdmkv apkm¥ Ip‰n°- d- ph

5 hndh- me- ≥ IrjvWI- nc- oSw AcW- a- cw
Acn∏- qs- ®Sn AØn
6 \mcI ie`w kqcyI- m¥n NºIw
ko\nb koX∏- gw
s]cph- √w hg\
Nnch- ∏- qhv

19

20 7 IWn-s°m∂ ie`w a™Ø- I- c
s]m≥X-Ic
8 a™∏- p≈n ie`w ]qhmwI- pc- p∂- ne N{I-Ø-Ic
9 a™]- m∏- mØn ap°p‰n B\-Ø-Ic
IΩ¬∏qhv XIc
10 ]p≈n]- m∏- mØn hmI
11 sh≈i- e- `w Xpº, apb¬s®-hn-b≥
12 Icn-bne ie`w Im´ph- ≈n
13 Hme ie`w Im´pI- S- pIv
]p¬s®Sn
14 XhnS- ≥ sXßv, IapIv
15 sh≈°- d- pº- ≥ De-´n-∏\
16 ]p≈ns- ®º- ≥ Cu¥∏- \
17 sh≈ne- t- Ømgn Im´ps- Xßv
18 Nn{XI- ≥
s\¬s®Sn
19 `q]-S-i-e`w ]mj≥{^q´v
apcn°v
aqkm¥
BhW- °- v
B¬h¿§-Øn¬s∏´

20 sNº≥ ISph sXm´m-hmSn kky-߃
21 hc-b≥ ISph hmSmap√ Fcn°v
22 Acf- ni- e- `w s]m∂-cfn
aWn∏- nc- ≠- n, Im´n©n ]m¬h≈n
23 Xpjmc- i- e- `w Im´pa- ™- ƒ, iwJp]- pjv]w \dp\- o≠n
24 Icn-the \oen ]mdIw
25 ]p≈n°- p™- ≥ Ce™n
26 ]b¿ \oen h≈n∏- me
27 sN¶pdº≥ Im®n¬ h¿§-
28 s]m´ph- me- m´n Øn¬s∏´ kkyß- ƒ
Icnt- hew
29 tNcm®- nd- I- ≥ Ipdpt- ¥m´n
30 sNºp-≈n-s∏m-´≥ ]b¿h¿KØ- n¬
31 ic-i-e`w s∏´ kkyß- ƒ

Ip∂n, πmiv, Dßv
Atim-Iw, Ccpƒ
Gew, Ipcp-hn-enwKw
Iqh, Im´p-Iqh
C©n, Im´n©n
Cea- pf- ®n

21

22 32 Im´p-h≈n hc-b≥
33 s]m¥N- n∂- ≥
34 a™p-Xp≈n ie`w IΩyq-WnÃv ]® sNºc- Øn
35 sNΩn∂- ≥ NaX
36 CcpØe- ®n s]cph- √w ]´mWn ]b¿
37 ]´mW- n\- oen Bhmcw ]qhv Inep°n
]qt¥≥ ]qhc- iv
38 sNºp≈n ie`w Iipa- mhv
t]c
39 h\-\oen
40 \m¬°Æn A∏q-∏≥ XmSn-h¿§
41 am¥fn¿ ie`w Øn¬ s∏´ kky-߃
42 Icn\- oe- °- S- ph hb¬®p≈n

43 Nn∂-∏p¬ \oen Ipfa- mhv
44 \oe°- Sph AcW- a- cw
hg\
45 \oe°pSp°

46 ]pen-ssØ-ø≥ CØnƒ°Æn
47 XI-c-apØn
48 hnemk- n\n Im°s- Øm≠n
49 \m´p-tIm-amfn Im¿tØm´n
50 \o¿am-Xf ie`w Imcocw
51 \mtSmSn ie`w
52 sh≈°- pd- pº- ≥
53 sN©nd- I- ≥
54 ]q¶Æn

NB: Blm-c-k-ky-߃ (Feeding Plants) ie-`-߃ Blm-c-am°p∂ kkyßsfbpw cq]m-
¥-c-W-k-ky-߃ (Breeding Plants) ie-`-߃ ap´-bn-Sp-∂Xpw ]pgp-°ƒ Blm-c-am-°p-∂-

Xp-amb kky-ß-sf-bpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p.

23

Ipfw Hcp Bhm-k-hy-hÿ

hnhn-[-ß-fmb kky-ßfpw P¥p-°fpw kq£va-Po-hn-Ifpw
APo-hnb LS-I-ßfpw D≈ at\m-l-c-amb Hcp Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-
bmWv Ipfw. Bº¬, Xma-c, ]mb-ep-Iƒ, ssl{Un-√, Atkmf
XpSßn ]e-X-c-Øn-ep≈ kky-ßfpw, a’y-߃, R≠v, Xh-f,
hm¬am{- In, H®v, ]mºv XpSßn ]eX- c- Ø- ne- p≈ P¥p°- sfbpw Ipf-
Øn¬ ImWmw. IqSmsX Ptem-]-cn-X-e-Øn¬ s]mßn-InS°p∂
kq£va-ß-fmb kky-π-h-I-ß-fpw, P¥p-π-h-I-ß-fpw, kq£va-Po-hn-
I-fmb Aao-_, ]mc-ao-kn-bw, bp•o-\, ssl{U F∂n-hbpw Ipf-
Øn¬ D≠v. Xn∂p-Ibpw Xn∂-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøp∂Xp hgn Du¿÷w
ssIam‰w sNø-s∏-Sp∂ Pohn-I-fpsS irwJ-e-bmb Blm-c-irw-J-e-
Iƒ ImWp-∂p. Cu Blm-c-irw-J-e-Iƒ XΩn¬ ]c-kv]cw Hcp
Pmen-I-t]mse _‘-s∏´p ImWp-∂p.

Atkm-f-bn¬ ImWp∂ kbmt\m _mIvSo-cn-b-Iƒ°v
A¥co£- ss\{SPs\ ss\{S-P≥ hf-am°n am‰m-\p≈ Ign-hp-≠v.
Bhm-k-hy-h-ÿ-tbbpw Blm-c-irw-J-e-tbbpw Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-

b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v Ipfw DØa amXr-I-bm-Wv.

24

]£n-Isf BI¿jn°mw

hnhn[ ¢mkp-I-fnse ]mT-`m-

K-ß-fn¬ ]e-Xcw ]£n-Isf

Ipdn®v kqN-\-Iƒ D≠v. Ahsb

Ip´n-Iƒ°v ]cn-N-b-apt≠m?

ImWm≥ Ah-k-c-apt≠m? B

]£n-Isf Iptd-sb-¶nepw

\ΩpsS kvIqƒ hf∏n¬ FØn-

°m≥ km[n-®mtem. AXp Ip´n-

Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ kph¿W \nan-

jß- f- mb- nc- n°- pw. \ΩpsS kºpj- vSa- mb ssPh sshhn[- ysØ \ne-

\n¿tØ-≠Xv Bh-iy-a-t√. ]£n-Isf BI¿jn-°m\pw Ahbv°p

IqsSm-cp-°m-\p-ap≈ GXm\w \n¿t±-i-߃ {i≤n-°p-I. \ΩpsS

kmao]yw ]£n-Iƒ°v H´pw-Xs∂ t]Sntbm kwi-btam D≠m-°p-

∂n√ F∂v Ft∏mgpw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Ø-Ww.

]£nI- sf \ΩpsS kvIqƒ hf∏- nt- e°v Fßs\ BI¿jn°mw?

Nne \n¿t±-i-߃:˛

1. sh≈w sh®p-sIm-Sp-°¬

]£n-Iƒ°v Ipfn-

°m\pw IpSn-°m\pw sh≈w

sh®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. hf-∏ns‚

Hgn-™-`m-KØv (a-\p-jy-k-

º¿°w A[n-I-an-√mØ `mK-

Øv) ]c-∂Xpw A[nIw Bg-

an-√m-Ø-Xp-amb ]m{X-Øn¬

\nXyhpw sh≈w \nd-®p-sh-

bv°pI- . ]m{Xw \neØ- p\- n∂pw A¬∏w Dbc- Ø- n¬ h°pI- . \n¿`bw

sh≈w IpSn°- m\pw Ipfn°- m\pw Ignb- ps- a∂v t_m[ya- mb- m¬

[mcmfw ]£n-Iƒ hf-∏n¬ \nXy-k-µ¿i-I-cm-Ipw. 25

2. Xo≥ta-i-sbm-cp-°¬
]£n-Iƒ°v `£Ww \¬In ]e

]£nI- t- fbpw hf∏- nt- e°v BI¿jn°- mw. ac-
°p-‰n-bn¬ Dd-∏n® t{Sbn¬ [m\y-߃ ]g-
߃ F∂nh hbv°mw. sNdnb IÆn-bp≈
he-k-©n-bn¬ tKmX-ºv, s\√v, ]b¿, I∏-e-
≠n-°pcp F∂nh \nd®v Xq°n-bn-Smw.
3. IqSps- ]´- nb- p≠- m°- ns- h°- ¬

amf-ß-fnepw ac-s]m-Øp-I-fnepw IqSp-Iq-´p∂ ]£n-Isf
BI¿jn-°p-hm≥ G‰hpw Ffp-∏-ap≈ H∂mWv ]£n-Iƒ°v IqSp-
Iq-´p-hm≥ ]mI-Øn-\p≈ s]´n-Iƒ D≠m°n ac-ß-fn¬ Dd-∏n-®p-sh-
bv°¬. IqSv 10 ASn-bn¬ Ipd-bmsX Db-c-Øn¬ Bbn-cn-°-Ww.
{]th-i-\-Zzmcw s]´n-bpsS Nph-´n¬ \n∂v 4 C©v Db-c-Øn¬ Bbn-
cn°- Ww. AßmS- n°- pc- ph- n°v, apfw Ip‰nI- ƒ sIm≠v IqSp≠- m°- mw.

ssa\, Aßm-Sn-°p-cp-hn, aÆm-Øn-∏p≈v F∂n-hbv°v a\p-
jy-\n¿Ωn-X-amb IqSp-I-fn¬ Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ Xm¬]-cy-am-Wv. ]£n-
Iƒ°v IqSv F∂Xv Ip™p-ßsf hf¿Øp∂-Xn-\p≈ c£m-tI{µw
am{Xa- mW- v. Ip™pß- ƒ ]d°- a- p‰- nb- m¬ IqSph- n´- m¬ IqSpI- ƒ hrØn-
bm-°-Ww. s]´n-bn¬ ]£n-I-b-d-Øp-S-ßn-bm¬ Ign-bp-∂Xpw a\p-
jy-k-º¿°w Hgn-hm-°-Ww. Fs¥-¶nepw kwibw tXm∂n-bm¬
Ah IqSp-t]-£n®v s]mbv°-f-bpw.

26

Pe-kw-c-£W {]h¿Ø-\-߃
hnhn[ ¢mkp-I-fn¬ Pe-kw-c-£W {]h¿Ø-\-߃ Ip´n-Iƒ°v
hn\n-abw sNtø-≠-Xp-≠v. CXn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-߃ kvIqfn¬
Xs∂ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ag-]-¥¬, ag-sh≈ kw`-c-Wn, aen-\-Pe
ip≤oI- c- W- w, aga- m]- n\- n, ag°- pg- nI- ƒ Chs- b√mw ss{]adn ¢mkp-
I-fnse ]T\ hnj-b-ß-fm-Wv. Ip´n-Iƒ ssII-gp-Ip∂ sh≈-hpw,
]m{Xw Igp-Ip∂ sh≈hpw ap®-´n-b-cn-∏-bpsS XXzw {]tbm-P-\-
s∏S- pØ- nb- nc- n°- p∂ kwhn[- m\- Ø- ne- qsS ISØ- nh- n´v tiJc- n®v Ipf-
ß-fnepw sNSn-Iƒ°pw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Ømw.
ag-sh≈ kw`-c-Wn-bn¬ Acn-°¬ {]{Inb \S-°p∂ ÿeØv
s]bn‚ v sNbvX \ncI- f- psS t]cpI- ƒ, tcJs- ∏S- pØn hbv°p∂- Xv
Acn-°¬ {]{Inb a\- n-em-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-bn-°pw.

Pe-kw-c-£Ww hnZym-e-b-Øn¬
Nn{X-Øn¬ ImWn® coXn-bn-ep≈ kwhn-[m-\-sam-cp°n Ip´n-Iƒ
D]-tbm-Kn® Pe-sØ Acn-s®-SpØv sNSn-Iƒ°v D]-tbm-Kn-°mw.
D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sh≈-Øns‚ Af-h-\p-k-cn®v Acn-°p∂ ]m{X-

27

Øns‚ hen∏w \n›-bn-°Ww. Acn-®n-d-ßp∂ sh≈w BZyw
Sm¶n¬ kw`-cn°p∂p. AXn¬ \n∂pw sh≈w tImcn-sb-Sp-°p-
∂Xv Ah-bnse kky-P¥pPme-߃°v tZmj-ap-≠m-°pw. Sm¶v
Db¿Øn shbv°m\- mh- ps- a¶- n¬ AXn¬ \n∂v tlmkph- gn sh≈-
sa-Øn-°mw.

amen-\y-kw-kvI-cWw
kvIqfp-I-fn¬ D≠m-Ip∂ amen-\y-ßsf Dd-hn-S-Øn¬ Xs∂
kwkvI-cn-°m-\p≈ am¿§-߃ Hmtcm kvIqfnepw Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-
Xm-Wv. hnhn[ ¢mkp-I-fn¬
hnZym¿∞nI- f- psS ]T\ hkvXph- mbn
amen\y kwkvI-cW coXn-Iƒ amdp-
Ibpw ]T\w ^e{- ]Z- a- mbn amdpI- bpw
sNøpw. amen-\y-ßsf ssPh amen-
\yß- ƒ, AssPh amen\- yß- ƒ, A]-
IS- I- c- a- mb amen\- yß- ƒ F∂nß- s\
Xcw Xncn®v CSm-\p≈ kuI-cy-߃
kvIqfn¬ D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. ssPh
amen-\y-߃ kwkv°-cn-°m-\p≈ hnhn[ am¿§-߃ ItºmÃv
Ipgn-Iƒ, aÆnc Itºm-Ãv, _tbm-Kymkv πm‚p-Iƒ F∂nh
ÿm]n-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. CXn-eqsS ]mN-I-hm-X-Iw, kky-]-cn-]m-e-
\-Øn-\p≈ ssPh-hfw F∂nh e`n-°pw.
As\¿´v cq]-I¬∏\ sNbvX t]m¿´-_nƒ _tbm-Kymkv πm‚p-
Iƒ kvIqfp-Iƒ°v Gsd {]tbmP-\-s]-Spw.

sshth-dnbw (Vivarium)

kkyßsfbpw P¥p-°-sfbpw
t\cn´v \nco£n°m\pw Kth-j-W-ß-
fn¬ G¿s∏-Sm\pw klm-bn-°p∂
kwhn-[m-\-amWnXv. πmÃn-Iv, •mkv
XpS-ßnb kpXm-cy-amb hkvXp-°ƒ

28

sIm≠v \n¿Ωn® s]´n-I-fmWv sshth-dn-
bw.
CXns\ AtIz-dn-bw, sStd-dnbw F∂n-
ßs\ XcwX- nc- n°- mw. AtIzd- nb- Ø- n¬ Pe
Pohn-I-tf-bpw, sStd-dn-b-Øn¬ aÆn¬
ImWp∂ Pohn-I-tfbpw hf¿Ømw. sStd-
dnb- Ø- n¬ aÆv, Nc¬, aW¬, NIncn \mcp-
Iƒ F∂nh CSmw. aÆn-c, A´-Iƒ, H®v XpS-ßn-b-hsb t\cn¬
ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂p.
Hm¿°nt- Ud- nbw
hnhn[ XcØ- ne- p≈ Hm¿°nU- pI- sf πmÃnIv jo‰pI- ƒ Ih¿
sNbvX ÿe-ß-fn¬ hf¿Ømw.

t]mfn-lukv/{Ko≥lukv
t]mfn-lu-kp-Iƒ/{Ko≥ lukp-Iƒ {Ko≥ lukv C^Iv‰v
{]tbmP- \- s- ∏S- pØn kkyß- sf hf¿Øph- m\- p]- t- bmK- n°- p∂ IqSm-
c-߃ BWv. kky-߃ DXv]m-Zn-∏n-°p∂ Im¿_¨ ssU
HmIvsskUv ]pd-Øp-t]m-ImsX XS™p \n¿Øn {]Imi kwt«-
jW tXmXv h¿≤n∏- n°- pI- bpw X≥aqew DXv]mZ- \w IqSp-
Ibpw sNøp-∂p. kq£va Pohn-Iƒ, IoS-߃ F∂n-

29

h-bpsS B{I-a-W-Øn¬ \n∂v
kky-ßsf kwc-£n-°p-∂-
Xn\pw {Ko≥ lukp-Iƒ
klm-bn-°p-∂p. kqcy-{]-
Imiw F√m ka-bØpw e`n-
°p-∂-Xn\pw sNSn-Iƒ ]c-
kv]cw XW¬ ]c-Øp-∂Xv
Hgn-hm-°m\pw sX°v-˛-h-S°v Zni-bn-emWv t]mfn-lu-kp-Iƒ ÿm]n-
°m-dv. IoS-߃ AIØp {]th-in-°p-∂Xv XS-bp-∂-Xn\pw hmbp
k©mcw Dd-∏m-°p-∂-Xn\pw C≥skIv‰v s\‰p-Iƒ hi-ß-fnepw
apI-fnse sNcp-hnepw ÿm]n-°Ww. kqcy-{]-Imiw F√m Zni-
bnepw Xpey-ambn {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p∂ ]e ASp-°p-I-fp≈ πmÃnIv
jo‰p-Iƒ Bh-c-W-Øn\v D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ww.

kvIqfpI- f- n¬ t]mfnl- uk- pI- f- psS amXrI ÿm]n®v sNdnb
tXmXn¬ Irjn sNbvXm¬ \qX\ Irjn kmt¶-XnI hn-Zy-IfpsS
km[y-X-Iƒ Ip´n-Iƒ°v Ffp-∏-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°mw. Irjn-h-Ip-
∏p-Iƒ Bh-iy-amb kmº-ØnI klm-b-߃ \¬Ip-∂p-≠v.
IqSpX¬ hnh-c-߃°v:˛

1. kwÿm\ tlm¿´n-°ƒ®-d¬ anj≥, Ph : 0471 2330857
2. Irjn`- h- \- pI- ƒ

\n߃°-dn-bmtam

Cu `qan-bn¬ 20000˛Øn-tesd Ddp-ºn-\-ßfpw , 30000˛Øn-tesd
h≠n-\-ßfpw , 28000˛tesd a’y-bn-\-ßfpw 20000˛Hmfw Hm¿°n-Up-
Ifpw \ΩpsS `qan-bn-ep≠v.

C∂p \mw ImWp∂ ssPh-ssh-hn[yw 3.5 _ney¨ h¿j-ß-
fpsS ]cn-Wma^e-amWv. a\p-jy≥ `qan-bnse {][m\ Pohn-h¿K-ambn
amdnbXn-\p-tijw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-Øn\v hf-sc-th-Kw timjWw
kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p.H∂n\p ]pdsI H∂mbn At\Iw Pohn-

h¿§-߃ hwi-\m-i-Øn-te°v \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p.

30

DZ-ym\ \n¿ΩmWw ˛ [\-Im-cy hni-I-e\w

{I. C\-߃ 50 sk‚n-\p- 25-˛50 sk‚n-\p- 25 sk‚n-\p-
\w ap-I-fn¬ ap-I-fn¬ Xmsg

1. \ne-sam-cp-°¬ 5000 3000 2000

2 ssPh-then 7000 5000 2000

3 \So¬ hkvXp-°ƒ 10000 5000 2000

(A-]q¿∆-bn\߃ Dƒs∏-sS)

4 Ipfw, Bhmk Pnhn-Iƒ 6000 4000 2000

5 Ccn-∏n-S-߃ 6000 4000 2000

6 Pe-tk-N\ kuI-cy-߃ 15000 10000 5000

7 ag-sh≈ kw`-cWw

ag°pgnIƒ 3000 2000 1000

do®m¿÷v 5000 5000 2000

kw`-cWn 10000 5000 5000

BsI (20000 ) (10000) (10000)

8 Pe-ip-≤o-I-c-W-am¿§-߃ 10000 5000 3000

9 amen\y kwkvI-cWw 5000 3000 2000
ItºmÃv
_tbm-Kymkv πm‚v 20000 10000 6000

10 t]mfn-lukv ({Ko≥lu-kv) 18500(12*3) 16000(10*3) 10000(8*3)
11 kutcm¿÷ ]m\¬
12 hfw tN¿°¬, ]cn-N-cWw 0 6000 3000
13 Hm¿°n-tU-dnbw
14 sshth-dnbw 10000 6000 3000
15 AIzm t^mWnIvkv
16 a‰n-\-߃ 5000 3000 2000

5000 3000 2000

5000 3000 2000

15000 10000 5000

BsI 160500 108000 61000

31

]mT-y-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-bhpw
ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\hpw

H∂mw ¢mknse Ip-´n-Iƒ ssPh-ssh-hn-[y-]m¿°n¬
cmhnse Cd-ßn-b-Xm-Wv. BZysØ {]h¿Ø\w sNSn-Isf Is≠-
Ø-em-Wv. So®¿ sImSpØ Hcp ]´n-I-bp-a- p≠v ssIøn¬. tNºv,
tN\, It®m-ew, a™ƒ, I∏, Iymc-‰v, _o‰vdq-´v, aØ≥, Ipº-fw,
sh≠ XpSßn C-cp-]-tXmfw sNSn-Iƒ. enÃnse sNSnIƒ
Is≠Øn \nco-£n-®m¬ am{Xw t]mcm. Ah-bpsS hnfhv aÆn\v
apI-fn-tem, Xmsgtbm F∂v \nco-£n-°-Ww. Duln®v Ign-bp-∂h
AS- b- mf- s- ∏S- pØ- pI- bpw sNøWw. Dulh- h- pa- mbn Ip´nI- fpw A[ym-
]-Icpw ho≠pw HØp-Iq-Sn.

ASpØ {]h¿Ø\w Dulw icntbm F∂v ]cn-tim-[n-°-
em-Wv. Nne-sXms° I≠v Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn. Iymc‰pw, It®m-e-hpw,
a™-fp-sams° A[ym-]nI ]ngp-sX-Sp-Øp. Dulw icn-bm-b-h¿°v
kt¥mj- w. \memw ¢mknse Ip´nI- ƒ°pw CtX {]h¿Ø\w sNø-
Ww.

aq∂mw ¢mknse Ip´nI- f- mW- n∂v ]co£- W- i- me- b- n¬. Hmtcm
kky-Øn-s‚bpw `£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mK-߃ Xncn-®-dn-
bm≥ {ian°p∂p. Ing-ßv, Ce, X≠v, ]qhv, Imbv F∂o `mK-߃
`£-W-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ sNSn-Iƒ ]co-£-W-im-e-bn¬ Is≠-
Øp-∂p, h¿§o-I-cn-°p-∂p.

A©mw ¢mknse Ip´n-Iƒ°pw CtX Bi-b-߃ IqSp-
X¬ Bg-Øn¬ ]Tn°m\p-≠v. ASpØ Znhkw Ah¿ ssPh-ssh-
hn-[y ]m¿°n-te°v... Ip-´n-Iƒ D≈n, C©n, a™ƒ, Iqh, I∏,
Imc‰v, _o‰vdq´v, a[p-c-°n-gßv F∂nh ]dn-®p-t\m-°p-∂p.
aÆn\Snbn¬ ImWp∂ `mKØns‚ {]tXy-I-X-Iƒ Is≠-Øp-∂p.
Ip´n-Iƒ ]c-kv]-c-hhpw A[ym-]n-I-tbmSpw kwi-b-߃ D∂-bn-°p-
∂p. kw`-c-W-th-cp-Iƒ, `qIm-WvU-߃ F∂o Bi-b-߃ cq]o-I-
cn-°p-∂p.

t\m°q Hmtcm sNSn-Iƒ°pw F{X-am{Xw km[y-X-Iƒ.
32 sNº-c-Øn, s\√v, tKmXºv Ch-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ t\m°q.

33

ac-Øn\p kvXpXn

XWpØ ]q¥-W¬ hoin
∏S¿∂p Nqgv∂p \n¬°p∂

ac-Øns‚ Xncp-apSn
°nX sXmgp-t∂≥

\oe-IWvT kzmansbt∏m¬
hnjw Xmt\ `pPn-®nSpw

{]mW-hmbp Xcp-t∂m-\m˛
bnXm sXmgpt∂≥

I\n™p ]q°fpw tX\pw
I\nbpw \o´n-\n¬°pw \n≥

\nd™ Xr°-c-߃°m˛
bnXm sXmgp-t∂≥

ag-bnbn,Ipfn-cmbn
]in-bm‰pw ]g-ambn˛

Øpbn-cn∂p acp-∂mbn
∏Wn-°-cp-Ømbn

Ip™n-°-øn¬ Ifn-∏m-´˛
®ncn-bm-bn,-hm¿≤-I-Øn¬

Jn∂-Xbv°p Xmßn \n¬°m≥
Du∂p- Imhmbn
Hcn-°epw ]ncn-bmØ Iq´p-Im-cm˛
\mbn R߃
°\¿L ImcpWy h¿jw˛
sNmcn-bp-thm-t\.

(kpK-X-Ip-amcn)

kkyØ- ns‚ Dev]mZ- \- a- qeyw

]q¿Æ-h-f¿®-sb-Ønb Hcp hr£w Hcm-fn¬ \n∂pw \n¿K-an-°p∂ Im¿_¨ ssU
HmIvssk-Uns\ \n¿ho-cy-am-°pw.

ap∏Xp apX¬ \m¬]Xv NXp-c{i ao‰¿ kkym-h-c-W-ap≈ {]tZ-i-Øp-\n∂pw Dev]m-
Zn-∏n-°p∂ HmIvkn-P≥ Hcm-fpsS Hcp Znh-ksØ Bh-iy-Øn\v aXn-bm-Ipw.

]q¿Æ hf¿®-sb-Ønb Hcp hr£-Øn\v Hcp Imdv 25000 In.-ao. XpS¿®-bmbn HmSn-
bm¬ D≠m-Ip∂ CO2 BKn-cWw sNøp-hm≥ Ign-bpw.
Hcp slIvS¿ `qan ]®∏v C√msX InS-°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ Hcp h¿j-Øn¬ Im‰pw
sh≈hpw sIm≠v 24 In.-{Kmw. ^e-`q-bn-jvS-amb ta¬a-WWv \o°-s∏-Spw.

hr£-߃°pw kky-߃°pw Hcp {]tZ-isØ Xm]-\ne 10 Un{Kn sk¬jykv
hsc Ipd-°m≥ Ign-bpw.

\ΩpsS acp-∂p-I-fn¬ 25 iX-am-\-Øn-e-[n-Ihpw kky-ß-fn¬ \n∂mWv Xøm-dm-°p-
∂-Xv.

kky-e-Xm-Zn-Iƒ i_vZsØ B-Kn-cWw sNøpw. Hmtcm 30 N. ao‰¿ hr£
Bh-c-W-Øn\pw i_vZ Xo{h-Xsb 6 apX¬ 8 sUkn-_¬ hsc Ipd-°p-
34 hm≥ Ign-bpw.

F¬]n Xew. ¢m v ˛ 1 ]mT-y-]-≤Xn hn\n-a-bhpw ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym-\hpw

-hn-\n-abw sNø-s∏- {]{Inbm tijn-Iƒ / {]h¿Ø\- ß- ƒ ssPh sshhn[y DZym-\-
tS≠ Bib- ß- ƒ aqeyß- ƒ at\m`- mh- - Øn¬ Fs¥ms° D≠m-
߃ IWw

hyXykvX Pohn- \nco£Ww Ipfw, ]£n°- qS- v, Ipfw, {]mhn≥ IqSv,
Iƒ°v hyXykvX XmcX- ayw F∂nh \nco-£n- ]£n°- qS- pI- ƒ, hnhn[
coXn-bnep≈ ]m¿∏n-S- h¿§oI- c- Ww °p∂p. Xcw Poh-I-fpsS Bhmk-
߃ D≠v amI- p∂ kkyß- ƒ

Ic-bn-se-t∏mse Ipf-Ønse Pohn- Pe-Ønepw Ic-bnepw Pohn-
sh≈-Ønepw Pohn-I- \nco£- Ww Isf t\cn´v \nco-£n- °p∂ sNdpa- o\- pI- ƒ,
fp≠v °p∂p. R≠v, K∏n, Bº¬, Pe-k-
kyß- ƒ.

35 \ap-°p-Np‰pw hnhn[ \nco£- Ww hnhn[ Xcw kky- Xpº∏q°- ƒ, Bº¬,]- n®- -
Xcw ]q°ƒ, ]g- khnt- ij- X- I- ƒ Is≠- ßsf \nco-£n®v Ah- Iw, ]me, sNº-c-Øn,
Øp∂p bpsS Hmtcm khn-ti-j- sNØn, Ce-™n, XpS-
߃, kky-߃ X-Ifpw Xncn-®-dn-bp∂p. ßnbh.
F∂nh- b- p≠v.

36

hyXy-kvX-\n-dw, ]qt¥m-´-Ønse
hyXykvX C\w
hep-∏w, BIr-Xn, \nco-£Ww ]q°ƒ \nco-£n-
aWw F∂nh Xmc-Xayw °p∂p.
D≈ ]q°ƒ Xncn- khn-ti-j-X- Ipf-Ønse hnhn[ Xcw
®-dn-b¬. ]q°ƒ \nco-£n- ]q°ƒ, Ipfw,
Iƒ °p∂p. ie-`-]m¿°v.
] q t ¥ m - ´ - Ø n ¬ Is≠-Øp-∂p.
hcp∂ Pohn-Isf

Xncn-®-dn-b¬.

aÆn\- S- nb- n¬ hnfh- p- \nco-£Ww DZym-\-Ønse aÆn- tNºv, tN\, Im®n¬,
≠m-Ip-∂Xpw Xmc-Xayw \-Sn-bn¬ hf-cp-∂ C©n, a™-ƒ, It®m-ew,
aÆn\p apI-fn¬ h¿§o-I-cWw hnf-Iƒ ]dn-®p-t\m- C©n-am-ß, ae-bn-©n,
hnf-hp-≠m-Ip-∂-Xp- °p∂p. apI-fn¬ I∏, Iymc-‰v, _o‰vdq-´v etc.
amb kky-߃ hnf-hp-≠m-Ip-∂h
D≠.v \nco-£n-°p∂p. aØ≥, Ipº-fw, sh≈-cn,
sh≠, ]b¿, apcn-ß-
°mb etc.

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ssPh-ssh-hn-[y DZ-ym\hpw ae-bmf `mjm ]T-\hpw-

]qt¥m-´Ønse hnhn-[-Xcw ]q°-sfbpw Poh-Pm-e-ß-
sfbpw Dƒs∏-SpØn Ihn-X, kw`m-j-Ww, IY, \mS-Iw XpS-
ßnb hyh-lm-c-cq-]-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°mw.

hmg-Ir-jn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v \new Hcp-°p∂Xpap-X¬
hnf-sh-Sp-°p-∂-Xp-hsc hnhn[ L´-߃ tN¿Øv Ipdn∏v Xøm-
dm-°mw.

aÆn\- S- nb- nepw apIf- nepw D≠mI- p∂ hnfh- pI- s- f°- pd- n®v
IS-¶Y Xøm-dm-°mw.

IS-¶Y

DZm: Imf-In-S°pw Ib-tdmSpw ˛ aØ≥

ASn XfnI, \Sp-hSn, ta¬IpS ˛ tN\

]®-°-dn-Isf°pdn-®p≈ IqSp-X¬ IS-¶-Y-Iƒ Is≠-Øm≥
ssPhs- shh- n[- y DZy- m\w {]tbmP- \- s- ∏S- pØ- mw.

IY, Ihn-X, IS-¶-Y, Bfl-I-Y, kw`m-j-Ww, Ipdn-∏v
XpS-ßnb hyh-lm-cq-]-߃ cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ ssPhs- shh- n[- y
DZy- m\w {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØmw.

DZm: aØs‚ Bfl-IY

• sh≠bpw ]S-h-ehpw ˛ kw`m-jWw etc

• AÆm\pw hmgbpw ˛ IY

• aØ≥ ]mh-en-t\mSv Fs¥ms° ]d-™n-cn°mw ˛ Ipdn∏v

Irjn-coXn, IoS-߃, Irjn Bbp[- ß- ƒ, hnhn[- X- cw
IrjnI- ƒ, hf{- ]t- bmK- w, Irjn ÿew CØc- Ø- ne- p≈ Imcy-

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