History The Past as you've Never Seen it Before

2008 The year Beijing in China hosted the Summer Olympic Games, 6 m/s (20 ft/s) – the speed of the lifts in the 199
which were watched by 4.7 billion people around the world. Petronas Towers in Malaysia.

SOUTH KOREA

South Korea has become one of the
world’s top exporters. Its popular exports
include Hyundai cars and Samsung
electronics, as well as cultural trends,
such as K-Pop (South Korean pop music)
and K-Beauty (South Korean cosmetics).

Shipping at Ulsan Port
Hyundai Motor Company produces a new vehicle every
10 seconds. From this port close to its factories, it
ships its cars to consumers around the world.

CHINA

In 1978, Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping
approved new policies to open up China’s
tightly controlled economy to the world. He
invited foreign companies to invest in the
country, for the first time in many years.
With the labour of its gigantic population,
China produced and sold more goods than
any other country in the world, turning it
into an economic superpower.

MALAYSIA The Petronas Towers Modern factories
Standing at 452 m China modernized its factories by introducing
Malaysia gained its independence from Britain in 1957, later (1,482 ft) tall, these twin new technologies. Workers were paid lower
becoming one of the world’s fastest developing countries due skyscrapers in Kuala wages than in the West, which helped to attract
to its plentiful natural resources, such as oil, gas, tin, and fertile Lumpur, Malaysia, were financial investment from foreign companies.
land. To modernize the economy, the government made it the world’s tallest
easier to trade with foreign countries, invested in infrastructure, buildings until 2004, and
and reformed the country’s healthcare and education. a symbol of Malaysia’s
economic success.

200 the modern world A GREENER FUTURE 15 billion The number of trees cut down
around the world every year.

A greener future Reduce, reuse, recycle Solar panels
Every day humans produce three These panels absorb
At the start of the 21st century, as human activity takes million tons of waste, which is buried enough energy from the
its toll on the environment, experts are calling for urgent in the ground, burned, or recycled. Sun to meet the energy
action to prevent a global crisis. Concerned about the environmental needs of the inhabitants.
damage caused by huge mounds of
Since the Industrial Revolution, people have relied on fossil fuels waste, campaigners are encouraging
such as oil and coal for power, but burning these fuels releases carbon people to limit how much they create
dioxide into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide is a type of greenhouse in the first place, by buying less and
gas. It acts like a blanket around Earth, trapping in the Sun’s heat – reusing items where possible.
a phenomenon known as the “Greenhouse Effect”. Earth’s increasing
temperature is causing the polar ice caps to melt, sea levels to rise, Green roof
and natural disasters such as hurricanes and floods to become more The plants take carbon
extreme. As scientists and politicians search for technological solutions
to these environmental issues, many campaigners insist that the only dioxide from the air
way to save the planet is to dramatically change the way we live. and turn it into

Rainwater collection life-giving oxygen.
The gutters collect rainwater,
Heat-proof glass
channelling it into a water Triple-glazed windows
butt, where it is ready to be prevent heat loss during
winter and keep the house
used in the garden. cool in summer.

Wildlife-friendly garden Compost bin
Having a variety of trees and Cut grass and food scraps can
plants encourages wildlife to an be left to rot, becoming compost
area, reduces noise pollution, that provides valuable nutrients

and improves air quality. for the garden.

Beehive
A single beehive contains an
average of 40,000 honeybees.
Bees help plants to reproduce by
transferring pollen between them,
but habitat destruction means the
number of bees is decreasing.

Allotment
As well as being a space to
grow fruit and vegetables, an
allotment provides a habitat for
many different insect species.

Feeding the population Rainwater tank Recycling bins
One-third of the planet’s land is A large underground tank stores rainwater Glass, paper, plastic, and aluminium
already used for farming, but with
an expanding population to feed, and pipes it into the house, where it is waste is collected to be recycled
more and more land is needed to used to wash clothes and flush the toilet. into new materials.
grow crops and rear animals.
Extreme weather and natural
disasters such as drought and
flooding are making farming less
predictable, while overfishing the
oceans has reduced fish stocks.

2°C (4°F) – the temperature rise beyond which climate 1.6 billion The global population at the start of the 201
change will become irreversible, according to scientists. 20th century. Today it is more than 7 billion.

Home turbine Renewable energy Rising sea levels
Vertical axis wind turbines Technological advances have now
work well in built-up areas. made it possible to obtain large As sea levels rise, low-lying countries are
amounts of energy from natural at risk of being overwhelmed by water. Most
resources. At sea, wind is plentiful of the Marshall Islands, a collection of 12,000
and free. Unlike oil and coal, wind islands in the Pacific Ocean, are just a few
is a renewable resource, which metres above sea level. Wave-driven floods
means it won’t run out. The wind’s are becoming more frequent, threatening
energy turns the blades of this homes, crops, and fresh water supplies.
turbine, which are connected to a
generator. The generator converts
this energy into electricity to
power homes, schools, and offices.

Insulation Under water
A layer of insulation Inhabitants of the Marshall Islands may be forced
prevents heat from escaping. to leave their homes if sea levels continue to rise.

Living green walls Endangered wildlife
Walls covered with carbon
dioxide-absorbing plants From corals in Australia to penguins in
act as a natural air-filter. Antarctica, wildlife across the world is
disappearing at an alarming rate. Habitat
Low-energy lighting destruction caused by human activity is
These light bulbs are more the main reason that
efficient than traditional bulbs, so many species are
with less energy lost as heat. at risk of extinction.

Eco-friendly paint
This water-based paint doesn’t
contain any substances
harmful to the environment.

Brick walls Under threat
Brick absorbs heat and The number of
then releases it slowly, orangutans in the
meaning that less wild is falling due
energy is required to habitat loss.
to heat the home.
Household appliances
White goods such as
washing machines, fridges,
and dishwashers are now
being designed to use less
water and electricity.

Electric car “We are facing a man-made Heat exchanger
An electric car does disaster of global scale. Our Cold water flows through pipes
not emit greenhouse underground, absorbing heat,
gases like petrol- or greatest threat before it is returned to the
diesel-powered cars. house to heat radiators, or to
in thousands of years. be used for showers and baths.
Climate change.”
Eco-friendly house
David Attenborough, British broadcaster, to
the UN Conference on Climate Change, 2018 Houses of the future will have as many
eco-friendly features as possible in order
to reduce their “carbon footprint” – the
amount of carbon dioxide they release
into the atmosphere. This house is
powered by the Sun and the wind. Its roof
is covered in plants, which absorb carbon
dioxide from the surrounding air, and it
is well insulated to prevent heat loss.

202 glossary

Glossary

ABDICATION BUDDHISM COLONIZATION DECOLONIZATION

Formally handing over power A major world religion based on The act of sending settlers to The process of giving back political
or responsibility to another. the teachings of Buddha. establish a colony in another control to a former colony,
country, sometimes involving resulting in its independence.
ABOLITION CALIPH taking political control over
the people already living there. DEMOCRACY
The act of doing away with The title of a political and
something completely. religious leader of an Islamic COLONY A political system in which people
empire, or caliphate. have power to control their
ALLIES/ALLIED FORCES An area under the political control government, usually by electing
CAPITALISM of another state, usually in a politicians to represent their views.
People or countries working foreign country. The people that
together. In World War I and An economic system based on settled there are called colonists. DICTATOR
World War II, the Allies or the private ownership of property
Allied forces were the countries and free competitive conditions COMMUNISM A leader who rules a country
fighting against Germany. for business. alone, with no restrictions on
The political belief in a society in the extent of his or her power.
ANTI-SEMITISM CASUALTIES which ownership of property and
wealth is shared. DOMESTICATION
Prejudice and hostility towards People killed or injured as a result
Jewish people. of war or an accident. CONCENTRATION CAMP The taming of wild animals to
make them useful to humans.
APARTHEID CAVALRY A prison camp for non-military
prisoners. At Nazi concentration DYNASTY
In South Africa, a government Military troops mounted on camps, prisoners included Jews
policy of racial segregation horseback. and other groups considered A royal family ruling a country
that lasted from 1948 to 1994. to be enemies of the state. for successive generations.
CE
ARMISTICE CONFUCIANISM EASTERN ORTHODOX
Common Era. The years from CHURCH
An agreement that is reached 1 CE to the present day. This A Chinese religion based on the
to end a conflict. abbreviation has largely replaced teachings of Confucius. Followers A form of Christianity, strongest
AD (Anno Domini, which is Latin are taught to respect people above in eastern Europe and West Asia,
ASSASSINATION for “in the year of our Lord”). them in rank. that split from the Roman Catholic
Church in 1054 CE.
The murder of a key figure by CITIZEN
surprise attack, carried out for CONQUISTADOR EMPIRE
political or religious reasons. A person who belongs to a city
or a bigger community such as One of the Spanish conquerors A group of lands or peoples
AUTHORITARIAN a state or country. of Native American civilizations. brought under the rule of one
government or person.
Term applied to leaders or CITY-STATE CONSTITUTION
governments who exercise power EXTINCT
with little or no regard for A city, and its surrounding A set of laws that determines the
democracy or other constraints. territory, that has its own political principles of a government. Describes a species that has no
independent government. living members.
AXIS POWERS COUNTER-REFORMATION
CIVIL RIGHTS FASCISM
Nations on Germany’s side The period of change in the
in World War II, including The rights of citizens to be Roman Catholic Church after A political movement stressing
Italy and Japan. socially and politically equal. the Protestant Reformation. nationalism, which places the
This included internal reform strength of the state above
BARBARIAN CIVIL WAR and opposition to Protestantism. individual citizens’ welfare.

The name given by the Romans to A war fought by opposing CRUSADES, THE FEUDALISM
tribes outside the Roman Empire. inhabitants of the same country.
Military expeditions of the 11th to A social system that developed
BCE CIVILIZATION 13th centuries, in which Christian in medieval Europe and Japan, in
knights tried to seize the city of which people of the serving classes
Before Common Era. The years Culture and way of life of people Jerusalem from the Muslims. (such as labourers and peasants)
before 1 CE (Common Era). This living together in an organized pledged support to their overlord
abbreviation has largely replaced and developed society. CULTURE in return for their protection.
BC (Before Christ).
COLD WAR, THE The customs, beliefs, and GREAT DEPRESSION, THE
BOLSHEVIK behaviour shared by a society.
The period of hostility between A period of drastic decline in
A faction within the Russian the West and the communist DAIMYO economic activity, marked by
Social Democratic Party that countries dominated by the Soviet widespread unemployment and
later became the Communist Union. It lasted from shortly after A lord in medieval Japan who hardship, in the 1930s.
Party in 1918. World War II until 1989. owed allegiance to the shogun.

203

GUERRILLA WARFARE NATIONALISM RENAISSANCE, THE STALEMATE

A war fought by people who are Loyalty and devotion to a nation, A period of European history, A situation where further
not part of regular uniformed and the political belief that its beginning in the 14th century, action by either side in a conflict
armies and who use tactics such interests should be pursued as the when art and literature were appears impossible.
as ambush and sabotage. primary goal of a political policy. influenced by the rediscovery of
knowledge from the ancient world. STATE
HERESY NEANDERTHAL
REPUBLIC A country – or a region within a
Beliefs that are considered to be An extinct species of hominin country – and its people. A state
in conflict with a religious group’s closely related to our own species. A country without a monarch or is ruled by a government.
established beliefs. emperor. Modern republics are
NOMADIC usually led by presidents. STOCK EXCHANGE
HOLOCAUST
Describing people who move from REVOLT An organization that allows
The mass murder of the Jews by place to place without establishing trading in shares of companies
the German state in World War II. a permanent settlement. An organized uprising intended to and other financial assets.
overthrow whoever is in authority.
HOMININ PEASANT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA
REVOLUTION
A member of the biological group A worker on the land, usually an The part of Africa to the south
that includes humans and their agricultural labourer. A sudden and fundamental change of the Sahara Desert.
extinct relatives. in society brought about by an
PERSECUTE organized group of protestors. Can SUBCONTINENT
IMMIGRANT also be used to mean a major
To oppress or harass a person or change in the way that people A large landmass that forms part
A person who moves to a new group because of their origins do or think about things. of a bigger continent. Usually used
country from abroad in order to or beliefs. to refer to the Indian subcontinent.
settle there permanently. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH
PHARAOH SULTAN
INDIGENOUS The largest group within the
Title given to a king in ancient Christian faith, led by the Pope The title given to a ruler in some
When applied to people, the word Egypt. People believed that the and based in Rome. Islamic empires and kingdoms.
indigenous describes the original pharaohs had sacred powers.
settlers of a country or region. SAMURAI SUPERPOWER
PHILOSOPHY
ISLAM A Japanese warrior who owes A country with great political
A set of ideas or beliefs. allegiance to a daimyo and follows and military power, capable of
A religion based on the teachings a strict code of honour. influencing international politics.
written in the Qu’ran. Followers PILGRIM
believe in one God, who revealed SCRIPT TREASON
his message to the prophet A religious person who makes
Mohammad in the 7th century CE. a journey to a holy place. The written characters that The crime of betraying one’s
make up a writing system, country.
MAUSOLEUM PREHISTORIC such as an alphabet.
TREATY
A large tomb, or an impressive Dating from prehistory – the time SEGREGATION
building for housing several tombs. before the invention of writing. An official, written agreement
Separation, particularly of one between warring parties to
MESOPOTAMIA PROPAGANDA race from another within a bring hostilities to an end.
racist social system.
The region of modern-day Iraq Method used to change and control TRENCH
lying between the Tigris and how people think and behave. SERF
Euphrates rivers, where many of It may take the form of posters, A ditch dug by soldiers for
the earliest civilizations began. broadcasts, or air-dropped A peasant who is obligated to protection against enemy fire.
leaflets, for example. undertake agricultural work on
MISSIONARY their lord’s land. TRIBUTE
PROTESTANTISM
A religious person who seeks out SHOGUN Money or goods paid to a state
and persuades others to adopt his A form of Christianity, resulting or monarch in recognition of their
or her religion. from the Reformation, which A military leader who ruled Japan superior status.
is separate from the Roman in the name of the emperor.
MONARCHY Catholic Church. TSAR
SIEGE
A type of government in which a RECONNAISSANCE The title of the rulers of Russia
king or queen is recognized as the To surround a city or fortress with from the 15th century until 1917.
head of state, whether or not they Taking a preliminary look at an the intention of capturing it.
hold real power. area before sending in troops, UNITED NATIONS
usually in order to locate an SLAVE
MUSLIM enemy. A global organization set up after
A person who is held as the World War II to help maintain
A follower of Islam. REFORMATION, THE property of another. international peace, security,
and cooperation.
NATION A religious movement of the 16th SPECIES
century, in which many Christians WEST, THE
An independent country, or a in Europe broke away from the A group of organisms that are
group of people who share traditions and teachings of the similar to, and can breed with, Europe and North America, or
historical or cultural ties. Roman Catholic Church. each other. their ideals and culture when seen
in contrast to other civilizations.

204 index

Index

Page numbers in bold type refer Anubis 24 Bastille, storming of the 139 canals 117, 130, 131 cohorts (Roman army) 51
Apartheid 163, 197 Batavia (Java) 116 canoes, outrigger 82–3 Cold War 186–7
to main entries apartment blocks 53 battering rams 79 capitalism 187 Colombia 142
apes 10 Bauer, Andreas Friedrich 101 carbon dioxide 200 colonization
9/11 195 Arabs 194 Baybars, Sultan 78 carbon footprint 201
1960s 162, 192–3 Arafat, Yasser 194 Bayezid I, Sultan 98 Caribbean 106, 121, 128, 129, age of empires 156–7
Archaic Age 29 Beatles, the 192 colonial rivalry 129
A architecture Belgian Congo 157 185 decolonization 162, 184–5
Belgium Carnac (France) 18 early colonial America 114–15
Abbasid Dynasty 59, 67, 84 Ottoman 98–9 cars 152–3 Colosseum (Rome) 49
abolition 121 Renaissance 94 independence 144 Carter, Jimmy 195 Colossus of Rhodes 41
Aborigines 12, 136 Argentina 142 World War I 164, 167 Carthaginian Empire 32, 48 Columbus, Christopher 93,
absolute monarchy 139 Aristotle 31, 94 Benin, Kingdom of 80 castles 104–5, 106
absolutism 122–3 Arminius 9, 54 Benin Expedition 156 communism
Abu Simbel 24–5 armour Benz, Karl 126, 152 Crusader 78–9 age of dictators 172–3
Abyssinia 157 medieval European 70 Bergen-Belsen 178 Japanese 64 China 163
Adena culture 74 Roman 50–1 Berlin 145 Çatalhöyük 17 Cold War 186, 187
Afghanistan 110, 111 see also warriors; weapons Berlin Wall 162, 186–7 catapults 79 Russian Revolution 162, 169
Africa art Black Death 71 Catherine II (the Great) of Russia Soviet Union 169
1960s 193 Blitz, the 177 122, 129 Vietnam War 188
decolonization 162, 184 cave 14 Blitzkrieg 177 cattle ranching 150 concentration camps 162, 178–9
first humans 12–13 Dutch 117 blood circulation 147 cavalry, Roman 51 Concord, Battle of 132
postcolonial 196–7 Edo Japan 119 Boer Wars 157 cave art 14 concrete 53
Scramble for 156–7 Ottoman 99 Bolívar, Simón 142 Celts 8, 36–7 Confederate States 148–9
slave trade 120–1 Renaissance 93, 94–5 Bolivia 142 Central America, ancient Confucianism 46, 47
sub-Saharan kingdoms 80–1 ukiyo 119 Bollywood 175 civilizations 86–7 Congo, Democratic Republic of
World War II in 180–1 Artemis 31 Bolsheviks 162, 169 centuries (Roman army) 51 197
African Americans 148–9, 162, Ashikaga shogunate 65 bombing campaigns 177 CH-47 Chinook helicopter 188–9 conquistadors 106–7
190–1 Ashoka the Great 8, 42–3 Bonaparte, Napoleon 127, 140–1 chain mail 70 Constantine I, Emperor 60
agriculture Ashurbanipal of Assyria 20 books, printed 101 Champa Kingdom 72 Constantinople 60, 61, 62, 78,
first farmers 16–17 Asia Borodino, Battle of 141 Champlain, Samuel 114 92, 98
Incas 87 modern 198–9 Boston 115 Chandra Gupta I 42 Cook, Captain James 136, 137
aircraft see also countries by name; Boston Tea Party 132 Chandra Gupta II 42 Copernicus, Nicolaus 93, 112
early 127, 158–9 Southeast Asia Botticelli, Sandro 94 Chandragupta Maurya 42 Córdoba 59, 60, 66
Vietnam War 188–9 assembly lines 153 Boudicca, Queen 37 Charlemagne, Holy Roman Corinth 29
World War I 165 Assyrian Empire 20, 21 Brazil 121, 142 Emperor 55, 58, 61 Cortés, Hernán 92–3, 106, 107
World War II 176–7 astronomy 99, 112, 116 Britain Cherokee 134 Cossacks 103
airships 159 Asuka Period 64 Anglo-Saxons 55 Chichen Itza 87 Counter-Reformation 93, 108
Akbar the Great 110, 111 Atahualpo, Emperor 106 Battle of Britain 176–7 child labour 130 cowboys 150
Akhenaten, Pharaoh 23 Athena 31 Celts 36–7 Chile 142 Criollos 142
Akkadian Empire 20 Athens 28, 29, 30 colonial empire 111, 114–15, China crops 16, 17, 26, 27
Aksum, Kingdom of 80 Atlantic, Battle of the 177 127, 128, 129, 132, 136–7, first emperor 8, 34, 44–5 Crusades 59, 61, 62, 78–9
Al-Qaeda 195 atomic bombs 163, 183, 186 156–7, 184–5 golden age 76–7 Cuba 126, 185
Alaric I of the Visigoths 54 Attila the Hun 34 and India 111, 156 Han 8, 46–7 Cuban Missile Crisis 186
Alexander the Great 8, 28, 40, Augustine of Canterbury 60 Industrial Revolution 130–1 Ming 59, 88–9 culture see art; cinema; drama;
42 Augustus, Emperor 9, 49 Napoleonic Wars 140, 141 modern 199 literature; music
Alexander Nevsky, Prince 103 Aurangzeb 111 Roman conquest 37, 48, 49 People’s Republic of 163 Cyrus the Great of Persia 21, 38
Alexandria 40–1 Auschwitz 179 Seven Years’ War 128, 129 unequal treaties 156 Czechoslovakia 177
Alighieri, Dante 94 Austerlitz, Battle of 140–1 slave trade 121 Chola Dynasty 72
Allahabad, Fort of 111 Australia, colonization of 127, World War I 164–5 Christianity 69, 73, 137 D
Allied powers 176 136–7 World War II 176–7, 180, 183 Crusades 78–9
Along the River during the Australopithecus afarensis 10 British East India Company 111 power of the Church 60–1 D-Day landings 183
Qingming Festival (Zhang Austria 144, 145, 177 Brown, Linda 190 Christmas truce (1914) 167 da Gama, Vasco 104
Zeduan) 76–7 Dollfuss regime 173 Brunelleschi, Filippo 94 Churchill, Winston 180, 186 Dachau 178
Amazon, River 104 Napoleonic Wars 140, 141 Buddhism 42, 47, 73, 96 Cicero 94 Dai-Viet Empire 72
American War of Independence Seven Years’ War 128, 129 buffalo 150, 151 cinema 163, 174–5 Damascus 67, 78
127, 132 Austro-Hungary 164 building materials city-states Darius I of Persia 9, 38, 39
Amin, Idi 197 automobiles 126, 152–3 Egyptians 27 Greek 28 Dark Age (Greece) 29
Amsterdam 116–17, 178 auxiliaries 50 Romans 53 Sumerian 20 death camps 162, 179
An Lushan 76 Avicenna 147 Bulgaria 145 civil disobedience 185 Declaration of Independence
anaesthetics 146, 147 Axis powers 176 Byblos 32 Civil Rights Acts (1964/1968)
anatomy 112, 147 Ayacucho, Battle of 142–3 Byzantine Empire 58, 62–3, 92, 191 132–3
Ancestral Puebloans 58, 74–5 Aztecs 87, 106 98, 102 Civil Rights Movement 162, Declaration of the Rights of Man
Angkor 72 190–1, 192
Angkor Wat 72–3 B C Classical Age (Greece) 28, 29 and the Citizen 139
Anglo-Saxons 55 Claudius, Emperor 49 decolonization 142–3, 162,
Anglo-Zulu War 126, 157 Babur 93, 110, 111 Cabot, John 104 Cleopatra VII 41
Angola, Republic of 197 Babylonian Empire 20, 21, 41 Caesar, Julius 37, 48, 49 cliff dwellings 74–5 184–5, 197
animals bacteria 116 Cairo 66 climate change 200–1 Delhi 93, 110
Australian 136 Baghdad 68 California 134, 135, 154 Clinton, Bill 195 Delphi 28
domestication 16, 17 Caligula, Emperor 49 clothing democracy 30
selective breeding 17 siege of 84–5 caliphs 66, 67 early humans 15 Democritus 31
spread in Polynesia 82 Bangladesh 185 Callias, Peace of 39 Egyptians 26 Deng Xiaoping 199
animation 175 barbarian invasions 62 calligraphy 99 Roman soldiers 50–1 Denisovans 12, 13
Antarctica 136 Barnard, Christiaan 147 Calvin, John 109 Viking 69 Descartes, René 112
anti-war protests 189 Basil II, Emperor 62 Cambyses II of Persia 39 Clovis I of the Franks 55 diamonds 157
Antietam, Battle of 148 basket weaving 74 Canada 114, 115, 128 Clovis people 13 dictatorships 172–3
antiseptics 146 Bast 24 coal mining 130–1 diet 14, 16, 26
digital technology 101
Diodorus of Sicily 40

205

dirigibles 159 fascism 172–3 Golden Stool, War of the 156 homes internal combustion engine 152
Disney, Walt 175 fashion, 1960s 192, 193 Goryeo Dynasty 96, 97 Ancient Puebloans 74–5 Intifadas, First and Second 195
divine right 122 Fatehpur Sikri 110 Goths 54 Celtic 36–7 Intihuatana 86
Djoser, Pharaoh 22 Fatimid Dynasty 67 granaries 27 early colonial America 114 inventions, ancient Chinese 46
DNA 13 Fertile Crescent 16 Grand Canal (China) 47 eco-friendly 200–1 Iran-Iraq War 194
Dodge City 150 feudal system 70, 71 Grant, General Ulysses S. 149 Egyptian 27 Iranian Revolution 194
Dollfuss, Engelbert 173 fiefs 71 gravity 112 Roman 52–3 Iraq 20, 162, 194, 195
Dome of the Rock (Jerusalem) Final Solution 162, 178 Great Depression 163, 170, 171, Sioux 150–1 Ireland
First Crusade 78 Viking 68–9
67 Fleming, Alexander 147 174 famine 154
domestication 16, 17 flight, early 158–9 Great Northern War 122 hominins 10–11, 13 Home Rule 144
domus, Roman 52–3 floods 17, 26, 200, 201 Great Plains Homo erectus 8, 11 Iron Curtain 186
Dorset people 75 Florence 94 Homo floriensis 12 Isis 24
Drake, Francis 104 Flyer, 1903 Wright 158–9 hunters 75 Homo habilis 10 Islam 58, 73, 185
drama Forbidden City (Beijing) 88–9 Native Americans 150–1 Homo heidelbergensis 11 Crusades 78–9
Ford, Henry 153 Great Pyramid of Giza 41 Homo neanderthalensis 11 early Islamic world 66–7
cinema 174–5 Fort Sumter 148 Great Stupa (Sanchi) 42–3 Homo sapiens 11 medicine 147
Greek 30–1 forts, slave 121 Great Wall of China 34, 44, 88 Hong Kong 185 Mughal Empire 110, 111
Japanese 65, 118–19 fossil fuels 200 Great Zimbabwe 58, 80–1 Hongwu Emperor 88 Spanish Reconquista 60
Drancy 178 Fourth Crusade 78 Greco-Persian Wars 9, 39 Hooke, Robert 112 Israel, and Palestine 163, 194–5
Dresden, bombing of 183 France Greece, ancient 9, 28–9 Hoover, Herbert 171 Istanbul 98
Dubček, Alexander 186 Greek culture 30–1 Hoovervilles 171 Italy
Dunkirk evacuation 177 absolute monarchs 122–3 Hellenistic Age 40–1 Hopewell culture 74 colonial empire 157
Dust Bowl 171 colonial empire 114–15, 184 influence of 29 Horthy, General Miklos 173 Mussolini and fascism 173
Dutch East India Company 116 French Revolution 122, 127, medicine 147 hot-air balloons 159 unification of 126, 145
Dutch Empire 116, 136 138–9, 144 wars with Persia 9, 39 Hubertusburg, Treaty of 129 World War I 164
Dutch Republic, Golden Age Gaul 36–7, 48 Greek War of Independence 126, Huguenots 109 World War II 176, 180
116–17 Napoleonic Wars 140–1 145 Hulagu Khan 84 Ivan III (the Great) of Russia 102
Seven Years’ War 128, 129 Greenhouse Effect 200 human sacrifices 86 Ivan IV (the Terrible) of Russia
E student riots 192 Greenland 69 humanism, Renaissance 95 93, 103
Wars of Religion 109 Greensboro sit-in 190 humans
East Germany 162, 186, 187 World War I 164–7 guerrilla warfare 189 J
East Timor 185 World War II 183 guillotine 138, 139 ancestors 10–11
Easter Island 83 Franco, General Francisco 172 Gulf of Tonkin 188 early 14–15 Jabal al-Nour 67
Eastern Orthodox Church 62, Frank, Anne 178 Gulf Wars 162, 195 evolution and migration 8, Jamaica 185
Franks 55, 61 Gupta Empire 42 12–13 Jamestown, Virginia 92, 114–15
102 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke 164 Gutenberg, Johannes 61, 92, Hungary Janszoon, Willem 136
Eastern Roman Empire 62 Frederick II (the Great) of 100–1 and Austrian Empire 145 Japan
eco-friendly houses 201 Prussia 122, 128–9 Gutenberg Bible 61, 92, 101 Horthy era 173
economic growth, Asian 198 freedom rides 191 Hungarian Uprising 186 Edo period 92, 118–19
Ecuador 142 French Indochina 184 H Huns 34 emigration 154
Edo period 92, 118–19 French Revolution 122, 127, hunter-gatherers 12, 13, 14, 16, medieval 58, 64–5
Edward VI of England 109 138–9, 144 Hadrian, Emperor 49 74–5 modern 198
Egypt French Revolutionary Wars 140 Hadrian’s Wall 49 Hussein, Saddam 162, 195 World War II 162, 163, 176,
frontier towns 150 Haiti 185 Huygens, Christiaan 112, 116 182–3, 184
colonial rule 157 Halicarnassus 41 hybrid cars 152 Jazz Age 162, 170
independence 184 G Hallstatt culture 36 hyoid bone 15 Jebel Irhoud cave 12
Middle East conflict 195 Hals, Franz 117 Jefferson, Thomas 132–3
Egypt, ancient 8, 9, 22–3 Galen 147 Hammurabi of Babylon 20 I Jenner, Edward 147
daily life 26–7 Galilei, Galileo 112–13 Han Dynasty 8, 46–7 Jerusalem 67, 78
Ptolemaic Dynasty 41 Gallipoli campaign 165 Hanging Gardens of Babylon 41 ianua 52 jewellery, early 15
religion 24–5 Gandhi, Mohandas 184–5 Hannibal 32 Ibn al-Haytham 66 Jews, persecution of 162, 163,
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 180 Gaozu, Emperor 46 Hanno the Navigator 33 Ibn Battuta 66, 67 178–9
El Alamein, Battle of 180 Garibaldi, Giuseppe 145 Harvard College 115 Ice Age 12, 14 Jia Yi 45
El Dorado 107 Gaul 36–7, 48 Harvey, William 112, 147 Iceland 69 Jim Crow Laws 190
Ellis Island (New York) 127, 154 geisha 119 Hatshepsut, Queen 23 Iemitsu, Tokugawa 118 Jin Dynasty 47, 76
Emancipation Proclamation 148 Genghis Khan 84 Hawaii 82, 136, 137 Ieyasu, Tokugawa 64, 65, 118 Joan of Arc 60
Empire State Building (New Genko War 65 Hawker Hurricane 176 illuminations 101 Johnson, Lyndon 191
York) 170–1 Germany heart transplants 147 Imjin War 93, 97 Joplin, Janis 193
USS Enterprise 182–3 Heian Period 58, 64 immigration, United States 127, Joseon Dynasty 93, 96–7
environmental issues 200–1 Cold War 186–7 Heinkel He 111 177 jousting 70
Ephesus 41 Germanic peoples 9, 54–5 Hellenistic World 40–1 154–5 Justinian I, Emperor 58, 62
espionage 165 Hitler and the Nazi Party 163, Hendrix, Jimi 193 imperialism, age of empires Jutland, Battle of 165
Ethiopia 197 173 Henry VIII of England 109
Etruscans 48 unification of 126, 145 Henry the Navigator 104 156–7 K
Euphrates, River 20–1 World War I 164–7 Heracles 31 Incas 86–7, 106–7
Europe World War II 162, 163, 176–83 Hideyoshi, Toyotomi 64, 65 India kabuki theatre 118–19
age of dictators 172–3 germs 147 hieroglyphics 23 Kabul 110, 111
age of empires 156–7 Gettysburg, Battle of 149 Hinduism 42, 73, 110, 111, 185 ancient 8, 42–3 Kamikaze tactics 183
Celtic 36–7 Ggantija (Malta) 18 hippie movement 192 British Raj 111, 127, 156 Kanem-Bornu Empire 80
emigration to US 154 Ghana 156, 184 Hippocrates 147 cinema 175 Kassites 21
medieval 70–1 Giffard, Jules Henri 159 Hiroshima 183 independence and Partition Kent State shootings 188
nationalism 144–5 Gilgamesh 21 Hispaniola 106 163, 184–5 Kenya 197
Seven Years’ War 128–9 Giotto di Bondone 94 Hitler, Adolf 162, 163, 173, 176, Mughal Empire 92, 93, 110–11 Khafra, Pharaoh 22
under Napoleon 140 global warming 200–1 religious influence 73 Khmer Empire 58, 72–3
extinctions 82, 201 Göbekli Tepe (Turkey) 18–19 177, 179, 180, 182, 183 Seven Years’ War 129 Khomeini, Ayatollah 194
gods and goddesses Hittites 21 Indian National Congress 184 Khufu, Pharaoh 23
F ancient Egyptian 24 Ho Chi Minh 188 Indian Removal Act 134 Khwarazmian Dynasty 84
ancient Greek 30–1 Ho’amana 82 indigenous populations, Kievan Rus 102, 103
factories 130–1, 153, 170 Viking 69 Hollywood 174 colonization and 136, 137 King, Martin Luther Jr 190–1,
farming Gol Gumbaz (Bijapur) 111 Holocaust 162, 178–9 Indo-Aryans 42
gold Holy Land 59, 78–9 Indonesia 184 192
ancient Egypt 26–7 Australian gold rush 136 Holy Roman Empire 58, 61, Indus Valley civilization 9, 42 King Philip’s War 115
early 9, 16–17 Californian gold rush 134 Industrial Revolution 126, kites 158
land 200 New World 107, 115 140 130–1, 200 kiva 75
Mesopotamia 20 home front, World War I 165 infection 147 Kleisthenes 30
North American cultures 74, Homer 30 Innocent III, Pope 78
75 insulae 53

206 index

knights 70–1 Mary I of England 109 navigation, Polynesian 83 Parthenon (Athens) 29 Rao, Baji 110
Knights Hospitaller 79 mass production 153, 170 Nazi Party 173, 178–9 Partition of India 163, 185 Raphael 94–5
Koenig, Friedrich 101 Mathai, Wangari 197 Neanderthals 11, 12, 13 Passchendaele, Battle of 165 Re-Horakhty 24, 25
Kofun Period 64 Mauryan Empire 8, 42 Nelson, Admiral Horatio 140 peace protests 192 recycling 200
Kongo, Kingdom of 81 Mausoleum at Halicarnassus 41 Nero, Emperor 49 Pearl Harbor 162, 182 Reformation 93, 108–9
Korea Maya civilization 87, 106 Netherlands Pedro, Crown Prince of Portugal refugees
Medici, Lorenzo de 9493
dolmen fields 19 medicine, advances in 127, 146–7 colonial empire 114, 116 142 Middle East 195
early 96 megaliths 18–19 Dutch Golden Age 116–17 pendulum clocks 116 Partition of India 185
Joseon 93, 96–7 Mehmed II, Sultan 98 Dutch Wars of Independence penicillin 147 Reign of Terror 139
Korean War 186, 187 Mehmed IV, Sultan 99 109 Peninsular War 141 religion
Krak des Chevaliers (Syria) 78–9 Mekong River 72 Northern Renaissance 94–5 Pericles 28 ancient Egyptian 24–5
Kublai Khan 84 Menelik II of Abyssinia 157 New Amsterdam 115 Persepolis 38–9 ancient Greek 30–1
Kushan Dynasty 34 Mentuhotep II, Pharaoh 23 New Deal 163, 171 Persian Empire 9, 20, 21, 28, Aztec, Inca and Maya 86, 107
Kuwait 162, 195 Mergenthaler, Ottmar 101 New Granada 142 Celtic 37
Mesa Verde 58, 74–5 New Guinea 82, 185 38–9, 40 China 46, 47
L Mesopotamia 9, 20–1, 42 New World 104, 106–7 perspective 95 early Russia 102
Messerschmitt Bf 109 177 New York 115, 127, 154, 170–1 Peru 86–7, 142 Germanic paganism 54
La Tène culture 8, 36 Mexico 86, 87, 93, 142 New Zealand 58, 82, 136, 137 Peter I (the Great) of Russia 103, Mesopotamia 20, 21
Lagash, Battle of 21 Michelangelo 93, 94 Newcomen, Thomas 126, 130 missionaries 137
land bridges 13 microscopes 93, 112, 116 Newgrange (Ireland) 18 122 Persian 39
language Middle East Newton, Isaac 93, 112 Peter III of Russia 129 power of the Church 60–1
Nicholas II of Russia 169 pharaohs 22–3, 26 Reformation 93
Celtic 36, 37 conflict in the 194–5 Nightingale, Florence 146 Pharos of Alexandria 40–1 Southeast Asia 73
early humans 15 Crusades 78–9 Nile, River 17, 22, 26–7 Philip II of Spain 109 Vikings 69
Laos 72 Midway, Battle of 182 Nixon, Richard 188 Philippines 184 Rembrandt 117
Lascaux cave paintings 14 migrations nobility 26, 70, 71, 122, 139 philosophers, Greek 30–1, 94 Renaissance 93, 94–5
law and order human 12–13 Nobunaga, Oda 64, 65 Phoenicians 9, 32–3 renewable energy 201
Babylon 20 Polynesian 82 Norte Chico 86 photocopying 101 reservations, Native American
Old West 150 US immigration 127, 154–5 North America photography 148 151
Lebanon 32 mills 130–1 cultures of 58, 74–5 pigeons, carrier 165 revolutions (1848) 145
Lee, General Robert E. 148, 149 Ming Dynasty 59, 84, 88–9 early colonial America 92, Pilgrim Fathers 115 Reza Pahlavi, Shah 194
Leeuwenhoek, Anton van 93, Mini 152 114–15 Pizarro, Francisco 106, 107 Rhodes 41
112, 116 Minoan Age (Greece) 9, 29 exploration and conquest of plague 71 Richard I (the Lionheart) of
legions/legionaries 50, 51 missionaries 137 104, 106–7 Plassey, Battle of 111, 129 England 78
Leif Erikson 59, 69 Mississippian culture 58, 74 life in the Old West 150–1 plate armour 70 Roanoke Island, North Carolina
Leipzig, Battle of 141 moai statues 83 Seven Years’ War 128, 129 Plato 30, 31, 94 114
Lenin, Vladimir 168–9 Moctezuma II 106 slavery 92, 120–1 PLO (Palestine Liberation Roaring Twenties 170
Leonardo da Vinci 95 Model T 152, 153 Viking discovery of 59, 69 Robespierre, Maximilien de 139
Levassor, Emile 153 monarchy see also Canada; United States Organization) 194 robots 163, 198
Lexington, Battle of 132 absolute 122–3 North Vietnam 163, 188 Pocahontas 115 Rocket 127, 131
Li Yuan 76 and feudal system 70, 71 Northern Renaissance 94–5 Pohnpei 82 Rolling Stones 192
Libya 180 monastic orders 61 Northern Wei Dynasty 47 Poland Roman Catholic Church 60–1,
Lilienthal, Otto 159 Mongke Khan 84 Northwest Coast cultures 75 108, 109
Lincoln, Abraham 148, 149 Mongol Empire 59, 65, 72, 76, nuclear weapons 192 German invasion of 176, 177 Romanies 179
Lindisfarne 59, 69 84–5, 88, 96, 102, 103 Nuremberg Laws 178 partition of 122 Romanov Dynasty 103, 162, 169
linotype 101 Montejo, Francisco de 106 nursing, battlefield 166 Warsaw Ghetto 179 Romans 48–9
Lippershey, Hans 116 Montgolfier brothers 159 political prisoners 179 army 50–1
Lister, Joseph 146 Montgomery, Lieutenant-General O pollution 130 and the Celts 36–7
literature, Greek 30 Bernard 180 Polynesia, expansion of 82–3 daily life 52–3
Little Rock Nine 190 Montreal 128 Ogedei 84 Ponce de León, Juan 107 Empire divided in two 62
Loki 69 Moors 59, 60 oil production 195 Pop art 193 and Germanic tribes 54–5
Lombards 55 Moscow 102 Olmecs 86 population growth 17, 117, 200 Punic Wars 32
London, 1960s 192–3 moveable type 100, 101 Olympic Games 28, 29 porcelain, Ming 59, 89 Roman Empire 9, 49
longhouses, Viking 68–9 Mughal Empire 92, 93, 110–11 Onin War 65 Portugal Roman Republic 9, 48
Louis XIV of France 93, 122–3 Muhammad 58, 66, 67 operating theatres 146–7 colonial empire 92, 104, 121, Rome
Louis XVI of France 138–9 mummification 24 Operation Barbarossa 177 126, 136, 142 Christianity 60–1
Louisiana Purchase 134 Murad I, Sultan 98 Operation Desert Storm 162, 195 Salazar dictatorship 172 fall of 9, 49, 54
Lumière brothers 174 Muscovy, Duchy of 102, 103 Operation Rolling Thunder 188 Poseidon 30 Rommel, Erwin 180–1
Lusitania 164 music Oregon Trail 127, 134–5 Potosi 107 Romulus and Remus 48
Luther, Martin 93, 108 1960s 192, 193 Orellana, Francisco de 104 Powhatans 114, 115 Rontgen, Wilhelm 147
early humans 15 Organization of African Unity Prague Spring 186 Roosevelt, Franklin D. 163, 171
M jazz 162, 170 printing 61, 92, 100–1, 108 Rossbach, Battle of 128
Muslims see Islam 197 prisoner colonies 127, 136 Royal Air Force (RAF) 176
Macao 185 Mussolini, Benito 173, 180 Osiris 24 Protestantism 108–9 rubber plantations 156
Macedonian Empire 8, 40 Myanmar (Burma) 72 Oslo Accords 195 Prussia 122, 128–9, 140–1, 144, Rujm el-Hiri (Syria/Israel) 19
Machu Picchu (Peru) 86 Mycenaean Age (Greece) 29 Ostrogoths 54 145 Rurik Dynasty 102, 103
Mackenzie, Alexander 115 mythology, Greek 30–1 Ottoman Empire 62, 92, 98–9, Ptolemy 41 Russia 144
Magellan, Ferdinand 92, 104 Puerto Rico 185 absolute monarchy 122
Makah tribe 75 N 126, 145 Punic Wars 32, 48 early 93, 102–3
Malacca 73 pyramids Napoleonic Wars 140, 141
Malaya 184 Nabopolasser of Babylon 21 P ancient Americas 86, 87 Russian Revolution 162, 168–9
Malaysia 72, 73, 199 Nagasaki 183 ancient Egypt 22–3, 41 Seven Years’ War 128, 129
Malcolm X 191 Nan Madol 82 Pacific Ocean 82–3, 115 World War I 164
Mali Empire 81 Napoleon I, Emperor 140–1, 144 colonizing 136–7 Q see also Soviet Union
Mamluks 67, 78 Napoleonic Wars 127, 140–1, 144 Russian Civil War 169
Mandela, Nelson 163, 196–7 Nara Period 64 Pagan Empire 72 Qin Dynasty 44, 46 Russo-Japanese War 169
Mao Zedong 163 Narmer, Pharaoh 23 paganism, Germanic 54 Qin Shi Huangdi 8, 44–5 Rwanda 197
Maoris 58, 82, 137 Nasser, Gamal Abdel 184 Pakistan 163, 185 Quakers 121
mapmakers 104 nations, rise of 144–5 Palestine, and Israel 163, 194–5 Quant, Mary 192 S
Maratha Empire 110, 111 Native Americans 114, 115, 126, Panama 142 Québec 114
Marathon, Battle of 39 Panipat, Battle of 93, 110 Québec, Battle for 128 Sadat, Anwar 195
March on the Sea 149 127, 134, 135, 150–1 Papacy 60–1, 109 Sahara Desert 13, 80
Maria Theresa, Empress 129 NATO 186 Paris 139 R Sahelanthropus tchadensis 8, 10
Marie Antoinette 138–9 natural disasters 200, 201 Paris, Treaty of (1763) 129
Paris, Treaty of (1783) 132 racing cars 153
Parks, Rosa 162, 191 railways 127, 131
Rameses II, Pharaoh 8, 23, 24–5

207

Saigon 188 Socrates 31, 94 Teano 145 Cold War 186, 187 Wilhelm I, Kaiser 126, 145
St. Augustine, Florida 114 Somme, Battle of the 165 telescopes 93, 112–13, 116 expansion of 127, 134–5 Wilhelm II, Kaiser 164
St. Lawrence River 114, 115, 128 Song Dynasty 59, 76 Temple, Shirley 175 Gulf Wars 162, 195 Willy’s Jeep 152
St. Petersburg 122 Songhai Empire 59, 81 Temple of Abu Simbel (Egypt) immigration 127, 154–5 wind turbines 201
Saladin 78 Soto, Hernando de 107 imperialism 185 Wolfe, General James 128
Salamanca, Battle of 141 South Africa 157, 163, 196–7 24–5 independence 132–3 women
Salazar, Antonio de Oliveira 172 South America Temple of Artemis (Ephesus) 41 Vietnam War 188–9
samurai 64–5 Temüjin see Genghis Khan World War I 164 Khmeri 73
San Bushmen 12 ancient civilizations 86–7 Tenochtitlán 87, 106 World War II 162, 180, 182–3 peace protest 192
San Francisco 154 exploration and conquest of Terracotta Army 44–5 see also North America in postcolonial Africa 197
San Martín, José de 142 104, 106–7 terrorism 195 Ur 21 Viking 69
Sanskrit 42 liberation of Latin America Tet Offensive 188 Urban II, Pope 78 World War II 183
Sargon of Akkad 20 126, 142–3 Thailand 72 Urnfield culture 36 woodblock printing 119
Saudeleur Dynasty 82 slavery 120–1 Thales 31 Uruk 20, 21 Woodstock 162, 193
Saxony 128 South Korea 199 theatre see drama Uthman ibn Affan 67 World War I 162, 164–5, 169,
Schism, East-West 59, 61 South Vietnam 163, 188 Thebes 29 170, 177
science Southeast Asia Theodora, Empress 62–3 V Western Front 165, 166–7
colonial rule 156 Theodosius I, Emperor 60 World War II 162, 163
advances in medicine 127, decolonization 184–5 Third Crusade 78 vaccinations 147 in Africa 180–1
Empires of 72–3 Thirty Years’ War 109 van Eyck, Jan 95 becomes global 182–3
146–7 Southern Christian Leadership Thor 69 Vandals 48 beginning of 176–7
Islamic scholars 66 Conference (SCLC) 190 Thoth 24 Venezuela 142 Wounded Knee, Battle of 127,
Ottoman 99 Soviet Union Three Kingdoms (China) 47 Verdun, Battle of 165 151
Scientific Revolution 112–13 Cold War 162, 186–7 Three Kingdoms (Korea) 96 Vermeer, Johannes 117 Wright, Orville and Wilbur 127,
Scotland 69 formation of 169 Thule people 75 Versailles, Palace of 122–3 158
Scramble for Africa 156–7 Stalin era 173 Thutmose III, Pharaoh 23 Versailles, Treaty of 165 writing
sculpture 94 Vietnam War 188 Tigris, River 20–1 Vesalius, Andreas 147 cuneiform 9, 20
Scythians 34 World War II 176, 177, 182, time, measurement of 17 Vespucci, Amerigo 104 Hangul script 97
sea levels, rising 200, 201 183 timelines Vicksburg 149 hieroglyphics 23
Second Crusade 78 see also Russia Victor Emmanuel II of Italy 145 Phoenician 32
segregation 190–1 Spain age of exploration 92–3 Vienna, Congress of 144, 145 Wu, Emperor 47
Sejong the Great 97 colonial empire 92–3, 104, age of revolution 126–7 Vietnam 72 Wu Zetian, Empress 76
selective breeding 17 106–7, 114, 115, 121, 126, ancient world 8–9 Vietnam War 163, 186, 188–9,
Selim I (the Grim), Sultan 99 136, 142 medieval world 58–9 X
Selim II, Sultan 99 Dutch Wars of Independence modern world 162–3 192
Seljuk Empire 78 109 Timofeyevich, Yermak 103 Vikings 59, 68–9, 102 x-rays 147
Selma-Montgomery March 191 Franco and Spanish Civil War Tobruk, siege of 180 Visigoths 54 Xerxes I of Persia 9, 38, 39
Serbia 145, 164 163, 172 Tokugawa shoguns 118 Vladimir the Great of Kiev 61 Xian, Emperor 47
serfdom Reconquista 59, 60 Tokyo see Edo period Volkswagen Beetle 152 Xuanzong, Emperor 76
medieval European 71 Spanish-American War 185 Toltecs 87 voting rights 30, 191
Russian 103 Sparta 28 tombs voyages of exploration 88, Y
Set 24 Spartacus 48 Ming 89
settlements, first 17 special effects 175 pyramids 22–3 104–7, 136–7 Yang, Emperor 47
settlers, European 150 Spice Islands 73 tools 13, 14, 17 Yaroslav the Wise 102
Seven Wonders of the Ancient Spitfires 176 Toyota Prius 152 W Yi Seong-gye, General 97
World 41 Srivijaya Empire 72 trade Yi Sun-sin, Admiral 93, 97
Seven Years’ War 126, 128–9 Stalin, Joseph 163, 169 Atlantic slave trade 120–1 wagon trains 127, 134–5 Yom Kippur War 195
Shah Jahan 110, 111 Stalingrad, Battle of 182 Dutch Empire 116 Waitangi, Treaty of 137 Yorimoto, Minamoto 58, 65
Shang Dynasty 44 steam engines 126, 130 early colonial America 114 Waldseemuller, Martin 104 Yorktown, Siege of 132
sheep 16, 17 steam power 101, 126 Han China 46, 47 Wall Street Crash 163, 171 Ypres, Battle of 164
ships Stephenson, George 131 Ming China 88 Wannsee Conference 178 Yuan Dynasty 84, 88, 96
aircraft carriers 182–3 Stephenson, Robert 127, 131 Mughal Empire 110 War on Terror 163, 195 Yuezhi people 34
Mayflower 115 steppes, people of the 34–5 Phoenician 9, 32–3 Warhol, Andy 193
Phoenician 32–3 stock exchange spices 73 Warring States Period 44 Z
Polynesian outrigger canoes Amsterdam 116–17 Viking 68 warriors
82–3 New York 163, 171 voyages of exploration 104 Zeppelins 165
slave 121 Stonehenge (England) 19 Trafalgar, Battle of 140 Germanic 55 Zeus 30
turtle ships (Geobukseon) Stonewall riots 192 Trail of Tears 134 medieval knights 70–1 Zhang Zeduan 76–7
92–3, 96–7 Strait of Magellan 104–5 Trajan, Emperor 49 Ottoman 98 Zheng He 88
US Civil War 148 submarine warfare 164, 177 trebuchets 79 Roman 50–1 Zhou Dynasty 44, 76
Viking longships 69 Suebi 54 trench warfare 166–7 samurai 64–5 Zimbabwe, Kingdom of 80–1
Shivaji 111 Suez Canal 157, 184 Trent, Council of 93, 108 Terracotta Army 44–5 Zoroastrianism 39
shoguns 64–5 Sui Dynasty 47, 76 Tricoteuses 139 Viking 69 Zulu Kingdom 126, 157
Shrimpton, Jean 192 Sukhothai Empire 72 tsars 103 Warsaw Ghetto 179 Zwingli, Ulrich 109
Siberia 34 Suleiman the Magnificent, Sultan Tubman, Harriet 121 Warsaw Pact 186, 187
Sidon 32 92, 99 Tula 87 Washington, George 128
siege warfare 79 sultans, Ottoman 98–9 Tunisia 180 Washington, DC, March on 192
Silesia 128, 129 Sumatra 72 Turkey 98 Waterloo, Battle of 141
silver, New World 107 Sumerians 20, 21, 42 Tutankhamun, Pharaoh 23 Watt, James 126, 130
Singapore 198 Summer of Love 192 Twiggy 192 weapons
Sioux 150, 151 sumo wrestling 119 Tyre 32 Crusades 79
Sivaganga Fort 111 Surat 110 Germanic warriors 55
Six-Day War 194 surgery 146–7 U Joseon Korea 96
skyscrapers 170–1 Sydney 127, 136 medieval European 70–1
slaves Syria 78, 185 U-boats 164, 177 Roman 50–1
Atlantic slave trade 120–1 Uganda 197 samurai 65
in colonial America 92, 114 T Umayyad Dynasty 67 US Civil War 148
freed 134 Underground Railroad 121 World War I 165
US Civil War 126, 148, 149 Tahiti 82 unequal treaties 156 weaving 69
Slavs 102 Taizong, Emperor 76 Union States 148–9 Wellington, Arthur Wellesley,
society Taj Mahal (India) 92, 110 United States Duke of 141
early Russia 103 Tang Dynasty 59, 76 Western Roman Empire 62, 81
Germanic 55 tank warfare 162, 165, 194 boom and bust 170–1 whaling 137
Japanese 64 Tasman, Abel 136, 137 Civil Rights Movement 162, White Mountain, Battle of the
Roman 49 190–1 109
Civil War 120, 126, 148–9 Who, the 193

208 acknowledgments

Acknowledgments

The publisher would like to thank the following people 49 Alamy Stock Photo: Ruslan Gilmanshin (fcr); Loop 99 akg-images: Roland and Sabrina Michaud (br). (br); Imperial War Museum, London (c). 163 Alamy Stock
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Mani Ramaswamy for editorial assistance; Jane Ewart, Carlsberg Glyptotek Museum, Copenhagen (fcra). Turkey / Sonia Halliday (ftl). Dorling Kindersley: Royal Armouries (cb). 164 Bridgeman Images: British
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Simon Mumford for cartographic assistance; Stephen (bl/Trajan’s column). 52 Dreamstime.com: Floriano Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology and Learn (bl, br); SZ Photo / Scherl (cr). 165 Bridgeman
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