Programme Book SKAM34

ADV03
Hydrothermally Synthesized of Multi-Dimensional TiO2 Nanostructures Based

Photocatalyst for CO2 Conversion

Mohd Hasmizam Razali1,2* Uwaisulqarni M. Osman1,2, Mohd Zul Helmi Rozaini3, Mahani Yusoff1
1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Advanced Nanomaterials Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Faculty of Bioengineering and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Kampus Jeli,
Karung Berkunci No.100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Hydrothermally synthesized 0D, 1D and 2D titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures based photocatalyst
was successfully synthesized using simple hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized using
various techniques in order to study their physicochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of
synthesized nanostructures was investigated for CO2 (carbon dioxide) conversion. Raman spectrum and
x-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that the phase structure of synthesized TiO2 nanostructures are
anatase. Hollow spherical shape and elongated TiO2 nanostructures was observed using transmission
electron microscope (TEM) and the diameter of nanostructures was found to be 20-30 nm and 10 nm,
respectively. Different dimensional of TiO2 nanostructures possessed high surface area and pore
volume. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the formation of Ti4+ and Ti3+ species
in the nanostructures TiO2 based photocatalyst in which could prevent the recombination of photo-
generated electron, thus increased the electron transportation and photocatalytic activity of TiO2
nanostructures for CO2 conversion.
Keywords: Hydrothermal; TiO2; Nanostructures; Photocatalyst; CO2 conversion.
BIOGRAPHY

Currently, is an Assoc. Prof. at Faculty of Sciences and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Malaysia. He has published more than 100
technical papers in journals and conference proceedings locally and internationally
related to nanomaterials and functional materials research. Owing to their
significant impacts to the science, economy and society, his innovative research
and inventions have attracted global and national interests, enabling him to secure
financial support from both private and government agencies.

49

ADV04

The Effect of Different Donating Group Substitution of Disubstituted Chalcone
Derivatives Featuring Terephthalaldehyde π-Linker on Non-Linear Optical
(NLO) Characteristic as Photoluminescence Materials in Organic Light
Emitting Diodes (OLEDs)

Nurul Nabilah Binti Shuaib1, Adibah Izzati Daud1,*, Wan M. Khairul2

1Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

In past years, π-conjugated system has attracted a lot of attention as a promising material for developing
and manufacturing the next generation of organic electronics, made up from organic materials. Chalcone,
having the π-conjugated systems in their molecular structures as well as the unique α, β-unsaturated
ketone structural, have gained a lot of attraction due to their use in optoelectronics like organic light
emitting diode (OLED). By altering the molecular structure, the physical and chemical properties of
chalcone derivatives can be tailored to the application needed. In recent years, chemists have produced
many types of π-conjugated molecules to acquire excellent luminescence characteristics from organic
compounds, and such structures typically lead to intense colour and excellent photoluminescence. In this
study, four disubstituted chalcone derivatives featuring terephthalaldehyde (N1A1-N1D1) as a π-linker
with different donating group substitution have been synthesised through Claisen-Schmidt condensation
reaction. All the synthesised compounds have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared
spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Thermogravimetric analysis
(TGA), UV-Visible, and CHNS analysis. Density functional theory (DFT) computations are executed to
evaluate the effect of different electron donating substitution on photophysical and NLO properties of
chalcone derivatives. NLO responses and photoluminescence investigation of these disubstituted
chalcone derivatives disclose from this theoretical framework is important for further application in OLED
fabrication.

Keywords: chalcone; DFT; NLO; photoluminescence; spectroscopic

BIOGRAPHY

Nurul Nabilah Binti Shuaib obtained her bachelor’s degree in Chemical
Engineering from Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) in
2020. Her final year project (FYP) is centred on the fuel cell’s membrane
electrode assembly using N-doped graphene. She is currently a MSc (Materials
Engineering) student in Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) under the
supervision of Dr. Adibah Izzati Daud. Her research is focused on the effect of
different donating group substitution of disubstituted chalcone derivatives
featuring Terephthalaldehyde π-linker on non-linear optical (NLO) characteristic
as photoluminescence materials in organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs).

50

ADV08
Copper-Zirconia Catalyst Synthesized Via The Sol-Gel Method For Glycerol

Hydrogenolysis To 1,2-Propanediol

Haizatul Ridzuan1, Irmawati Ramli1,2,* , Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap1,3 , and Nor Azam Endot1
1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
2Laboratory of Processing and Product Development, Institute of Plantation Studies,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
3Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat), Faculty of Science,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
1,2-propanediol (1,2-PDO), an important monomer for polyester resins, can be derived from glycerol via
catalytic hydrogenolysis reaction. In this study, copper-zirconia (Cu-ZrO2) synthesized via the sol-gel
method was used as the catalyst. The catalysts in ratio Cu:Zr were equal to 0.1:1, 0.5:1, and 1:1 where
the amount of copper was varied to determine the properties of copper in the bimetallic catalyst as copper
is playing a big role in glycerol conversion. The as-prepared samples were calcined in air before being
reduced under hydrogen at 400 ℃. The temperatures for calcination and reduction were chosen
according to TGA profiles. X-ray diffractions showed that copper was present in all samples, but after
reduction, CuO reduced to Cu confirming the successful formation of copper metal in the catalyst matrix.
At the same time, zirconia remains in oxide form. Catalytic tests for glycerol hydrogenolysis into 1,2-
propanediol with the best performance by Cu-ZrO2 (0.1:1) with 79% glycerol conversion with 80% 1,2-
propanediol selectivity.
Keywords: Copper-zirconia; Glycerol; Hydrogenolysis; Sol-gel method; 1,2-propanediol.
BIOGRAPHY

Haizatul Izzatti binti Ridzuan was born in Parit Buntar, Perak. In 2015, she
continued her foundation study under Foundation Asasi Pertanian (ASPER) at
Universiti Putra Malaysia. She then received her Bachelor of Chemistry with
Honours in 2021. In March 2022, she pursued her master in Science Chemistry
(Catalysis) at the Faculty of Science under supervision of Associate. Prof. Dr
Irmawati Ramli

51

ADV09
Epoxidation of palm oleic acid in acidic ion exchange resin at

low agitation speed

Siti Mariam A. Rahman1, Intan Suhada Azmi2, Mohd Jumain Jalil1*
1School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan

Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, 81750 Masai, Johor, Malaysia
2School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau

Pinang, Kampus Permatang Pauh, 13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Epoxidized palm oleic acid are largely employed as plasticizers instead of harmful phthalates and they
can be a sustainable choice to produce green chemical intermediate. The aim of this work is to study the
reaction of palm oleic acid epoxidation by ion resin exchange using safer reactant. The optimal reaction
conditions for the production of epoxidized palm oleic acid in response to oxirane content were found to
be formic acid as oxygen carrier, a temperature of 75 C and agitation speed of 300 rpm. By employing
the optimal circumstances, the maximum relative conversion of palm oleic acid to oxirane was reached
up to 78.6%.
Keywords: epoxidation, palm oil, hydrolysis, oxirane ring, degradation of epoxidized oil
BIOGRAPHY

Siti Mariam A. Rahman is a master student in Universiti Teknologi Mara,
interested in research related on renewable energy.

52

ADV10

Synthesis and Characterization of Tryptophan-Imprinted Polymer (Tryp-IP)
prepared via Bulk Polymerization for the removal of Tryptophan molecule

Faizatul Shimal Mehamod1*, Nur Habibah Safiyah Jusoh2, Marinah Mohd2 Ariffin, Abd Mutalib Md Jani3,
Nur Asyiqin Zulkefli2

1*Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMA) Research Group,
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, 35400 Perak

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Molecular imprinting, a technique for the preparation of polymeric materials that are capable of molecular
recognition in various application is developing rapidly. In this study, work was directed towards the
synthesis of Tryptophan-imprinted polymer (Tryp-IP) via bulk polymerization for selective detection of
Tryp molecule in aqueous medium. Non-imprinted polymer (NIP) was synthesized as control study. The
polymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy,
and porosity analysis by N2 adsorption–desorption. The binding performances of the Tryp-IP and NIP
were evaluated through rebinding process of Tryp in prepared solutions. The experiment was conducted
by quantifying the amount of unbound template via the kinetic spectrophotometric method performed
with UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The results revealed that the percentage removal of Tryp increased up
to 90% with the increasing of Tryp dosage (1-9 mg) at the optimum rebinding time of 210 minutes, at pH
5. The adsorption isotherm experiments showed good linearity and high correlation coefficients for the
Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo-second-order equation provided the best fit, describing the
kinetic sorption behavior of the polymers. In addition, the results revealed good selectivity of Tryp-IP
towards Tryp template when tested with a series of analogues of Tryp molecular structure.

Keywords: Tryptophan; molecularly imprinted polymer; bulk-polymerization; adsorption study; kinetic
study

BIOGRAPHY

Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Faizatul Shimal Mehamod is currently a lecturer at the
Chemical Sciences Program, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). She obtained her BSc in 2000 and MSc in
2003 from the Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi. In 2011, she received her
PhD in polymer chemistry field from the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United
Kingdom. Her research lies in the areas of synthetic polymer chemistry and
materials science, with special emphasis on the design, the synthesis, and the
applications of functional organic polymers (Molecularly Imprinted Polymers).

53

ADV11
Hydrolysis of Cellulose to Glucose Catalyzed by Noble Metal Palladium (Pd)

Supported on Silica-Alumina

Puteri Nurain Syahirah Megat Muhammad Kamal, Muhammad Danial Hafiy Mohamad Zabidi
and Amin Safwan Alikasturi*

Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Cellulose, a promising source of renewable energy, is currently receiving a lot of interest due to its
potential application in the production of bioenergy. The catalytic conversion of cellulose into value-added
compounds like glucose, which is subsequently fermented into bioethanol or dehydrated into platform
chemicals, assists the heavily reliant fossil fuel economy tremendously. Here in this research study, the
catalytic conversion of cellulose to glucose was conducted using a supported noble metal catalyst. The
wet impregnation method was used to synthesize a 4wt% Palladium (Pd) supported into Silica-Alumina
(SiO2-AlO3) catalyst, which was then calcined at 500 °C. Prior to reaction work, Fourier Transform
Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET), and
particle size analyzer analysis were conducted to characterize the catalyst. To investigate the effect of
the catalyst on the yield of glucose from cellulose, the reaction conditions, such as catalyst loading,
varied from 0.04-0.1g. The results demonstrated that up to 23.6% of glucose was achieved at 200 °C for
3 hrs with catalyst and cellulose loading of 0.06 and 0.3 g, respectively. Additionally, it was noted that
under these conditions, cellulose conversion was at its highest, 78.7%. This study showed that the
supported noble metal catalyst has the potential to enhance the hydrolysis step for the conversion of
cellulose to glucose.
Keywords: Glucose; Heterogenous Catalyst; Hydrolysis of Cellulose; Palladium Supported on Silica-
Alumina; Supported Noble metal Catalyst
BIOGRAPHY

Puteri Nurain Syahirah Binti Megat Muhammad Kamal holds a Master’s in
Engineering Technology (Chemical Engineering). Her research focused on the
production of levulinic acid (LA) using supported noble metals catalysts, specifically
Palladium (Pd) and Platinum (Pt) supported on Silica-Alumina (SiO2-Al2O3).
Currently she is pursuing her PhDs in Chemical Engineering at Universiti Kuala
Lumpur (UniKL MICET).

54

ADV13
Synthesis and Characterization of Imine-functionalized Magnetic Mesoporous

Silica Nanoparticles: A Potential Application for Microplastics
Removal from Water

Alyza Azzura Azmi1,2*, Nur Rabiatul Syuhaidah1, Wan Nur Iwani Wan Rushdi1, Wan Mohd Khairul Wan
Mohamed Zin1, Sofiah Hamzah3, Nor Salmi Abdullah4
1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2 Microplastics Research Interest Group (MRIG),
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3 Faculty of Ocean Engineering Technology and Informatics,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

4National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM), Lot 5377, Jalan Putra Permai, Rizab Melayu
Sungai Kuyoh, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Plastics are synthetic polymer composed of long, chain-like molecules with a high average molecular
weight. Once released to the environment, plastic debris undergoes size reduction into micron-sized
particles called microplastics. It serves as an excellent vector for long-term sorption of aromatic
contaminants, which increased toxicity when ingested by the organisms. Therefore, it is crucial to develop
reliable techniques for removing microplastics from environmental water sources. Here, the potential of
a series of imine-containing derivatives linkers with different number of hydroxyl groups and aromatic
ring were functionalized on the surface of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs). The physical
characteristics of the imine-MSNPs were determined to be polydisperse nanospheres, high porosity on
the outer surface, strong superparamagnetic properties, and thermally stable. Polystyrene (PS) were
used for sorption study as it shows stronger sorption capacity for aromatic compounds due to =
interactions. The removal performance was depending on the imine-MSNPs dosage, size of polystyrene
and polarity nature of the phenanthrene and nitrobenzene attached on the surface of polystyrene. The
interaction between phenanthrene-loaded polystyrene and imine-MSNPs were governed by the non-
covalent interactions involving -system and dipole-dipole force interactions while hydrogen bonding
was dominating the interaction of polar compounds. A smaller size of PS microplastics shows higher
loading of aromatic compounds, thereby promoting higher removal rate of polystyrene microplastics.
Importantly, the imine-MSNPs is a promising material to the end, as it combines ease of use with
minimum technological requirements and is expected to be a success towards clean and safe water
supply.
Keywords: imine; intermolecular forces; microplastics; magnetic mesoporous silica nanoparticles;
removal

55

BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Alyza is an Associate Professor in the Faculty of Science and Marine
Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. She obtained her B.Sc. in Chemical
Sciences from the University College of Science and Technology Malaysia in 2006
and M.Sc. in Chemical Sciences at the National University of Malaysia in 2008. She
received her Ph.D. from Queen’s University, Canada in 2013 in Physical Chemistry.
Her research interest focusing on the rational design, green synthesis of
nanomaterials, and applied material science including antibacterial agents,
colorimetric sensors, and catalysis/photocatalysis. She also exploring
functionalized-nanomaterials with a different design approach including core-shell
nanostructured materials for pollutant removal.

56

ADV14

In Silico Modelling of Drug Adsorption using Amine-functionalized IRMOF-74-
III Metal-Organic Frameworks

Mostafa Yousefzadeh Borzehandani1,2, Emilia Abdulmalek1,2, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2,3
and Muhammad Alif Mohammad Latif1,3,4 *

1 Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3 Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

4 Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been touted as prospective materials for drug storage and
delivery. In this regard, functionalizing MOFs with amine group has been a successful strategy to achieve
better drug adsorption. To the best of our knowledge, however, there is currently no report showing the
impact of increasing a common functional group such as amine on MOF’s performance for drug
adsorption. With the aim of exploring this possibility, IRMOF-74-III (IRM-3) has been functionalized with
amine group in different numbers and at several positions on the phenyl ring of the organic linker. The
ability to adsorb several candidate drugs including aspirin (Asp), fenbufen (Fen), ibuprofen (Ibu) and
naproxen (Nap) were tested using density functional theory calculations and molecular docking. It was
found that when the number of amine group increased, the MOF’s pore polar surface area was increased
but the energy gap between HOMO and LUMO orbitals was reduced. Different pockets on amine-
functionalized IRM-3’s pore wall was analyzed by ESP contour and further investigated by docking
simulation. Fen@IRM-3-triamine achieved the most stable drug@MOF complex as demonstrated by the
highest binding affinity (-8.10 kcal.mol-1) and the lowest energy adsorption (-1.009 eV). Coordinatively
unsaturated magnesium sites in the frameworks as well as hydroxyl and carbonyl groups on the drugs
are crucial for the interactions and charge transfer. This work successfully highlighted that having
different numbers and positions of amine group on the organic linker can affect the drug adsorption
behavior of IRM-3 MOF.

Keywords: amine-functionalized, anti-inflammatory drug adsorption; IRMOF-74-III; metal-organic
frameworks; molecular docking

BIOGRAPHY

He was born on 22nd January 1989 in Iran. He received his Bachelor's Degree in
Marine Biology at Islamic Azad University (IAU), Iran in July 2011. Thereafter, he
was awarded a Master’s Degree in Organic Chemistry at Islamic Azad University
(IAU), Iran in September 2015. Currently, he is an international Ph.D. student under
the supervision of Dr. Muhammad Alif Bin Mohammad Latif at the University Putra
Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. His research interests focus on the adsorption of guest
molecules in porous materials, particularly metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)
using several computational methods.

57

ADV15

Evaluation of Carrageenan Gel Property at Different Concentration of Calcium
Chloride Dihydrate Salt

Nur Anis Alisya Kamarol Zani1 Fatmawati Adam2,*, Nurul Aini Mohd Azman1 and Nor Hanuni Ramli2

1College of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang
1Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Aromatherapy is an alternative therapy that is as an option for Complementary and Alternative Medicine
(CAM) to relieve mild depression in individuals. This study aims to evaluate calcium chloride dihydrate
in scented gel from carrageenan to increase stability property. The gel formulation was produced from
a mixture of sodium benzoate, alginic acid, polyethylene glycol (PEG) and sorbitan monolaurate (Span
20) followed by inclusion of calcium chloride dehydrate (CCD) at (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2)% concentrations. The
effects of CCD concentration on rheology analysis, gel bloom test, morphology, and thermal properties
were investigated. Viscosity and shear stress decreased with the incorporation of CCD in scented gel
formulation. The highest viscosity of control gel is 646.18mPa.s. The intersection of the G' and G" at
various concentrations of CCD salts in gel formulation, demonstrated that the increasing of salt
concentration resulted in faster gelation which is in range of 56.6°C to 50.43°C. The gel bloom strength
increased from 830.04g to 1324.59g. The highest gel strength was achieved at 2% concentration of CCD
with 194.4°C of melting temperature is 1324.59g. The weight loss rate for control gel is 28.88%,
meanwhile the lowest weight loss rate for 2% CCD gel is 11.82%. The amount of residual is also the
highest at 2% concentration of CCD which is 16.74% after 21 days. High residual gel weight will reflect
the stability of the scented gel formulation to retain the lasting of the product as an aromatherapy gel
product. The morphology images show high porosity in gel structure with addition of CCD salts. In
conclusion, CCD salt is capable of forming a strong interaction between gel matrix to produce a stable
gel.
Keywords: aromatherapy, biocomposite, depression, bloom, porosity
BIOGRAPHY

Nur Anis Alisya binti Kamarol Zani is a postgraduate student at Universiti Malaysia
Pahang. She received her bachelor’ degree in Chemical Engineering (Honours)
at Universiti Malaysia Pahang in 2021. Her current research is interested
biocomposite material.

58

ADV16

Studies on Copper-Supported Catalysts for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis into
1,2-Propanediol

Irmawati Ramli1,2,*, Norsahida Azri1 , Mohd Izham Saiman1, Usman Idris Nda-Umar1,3
and Taufiq-Yap Yun Hin1,4

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat),
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

2Laboratory of Processing and Product Development,
Institute of Plantation Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

3Department of Chemical Sciences,
Federal Polytechnic, PMB 55 Bida, Niger State, Nigeria

4Faculty of Science and Natural Resources,
Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The catalytic conversion of glycerol into 1,2-propanediol is important in the valorization of biodiesel waste
to value-added products. The effective catalyst for this process is some transition metals, mostly CuO.
The catalytic performance of copper catalysts can be improved when they are disposed of on various
supports. Therefore, in this work alumina, bentonite, dolomite, montmorillonite, and talcum were used as
support where CuO was supported on them using the wet impregnation method and were assigned as
Cu/Al2O3, Cu/Bent, Cu/Dol, Cu/Mont, and Cu/Talc, respectively. BET surface area analysis showed that
both Cu/Al2O3 and Cu/Mont catalysts possessed high surface area. Unfortunately, these catalysts have
poor copper dispersion, instead, segregation of Cu clusters was displayed. Under TPR analysis, high
reducibility was given by Cu/Dol which is consistent with the small copper particle size. This coincided
with the catalyst's high acid capacity as determined by ammonia-TPD. Catalytic test in hydrogenolysis of
glycerol to 1,2-propanediol found that Cu/Dol exhibited better performance due to the copper and dolomite
species' mutual interaction. The findings from the various characterization tests showed that the presence
of copper species was essentially enriched on the dolomite grain surfaces, the redox properties, and
acidic properties of the catalyst were enhanced, as well as the formation of the small size of the catalyst
(Cu/Dol) contributed to the high conversion of glycerol (78.5%) and high 1,2-PDO selectivity (79%) with
low methanol production as the by-product at a reaction temperature of 200 C, hydrogen pressure of 4
MPa and reaction time of 10 h.

Keywords: copper; dolomite; glycerol; hydrogenolysis; 1,2-propanediol

BIOGRAPHY

Associate Professor Dr. Irmawati Ramli obtained her Ph.D. from University of
Manchester Institute of Science and Technology, England. She started her
profession at Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2000 and was promoted to Associate
Professor in 2005. She is the former Deputy Director of the Promotional Division,
RMC (2007-2009), Director of the National Science Centre, Malaysia Ministry of
Science, Technology and Innovation (2009-2014) and Head of Chemistry
Department, UPM (2014-2017). Her research interests are in the design and
synthesis of catalytic materials for the conversion of propane into acrylic acid and
for biomass transformations to fuels, fuel additives and fine chemicals.

59

ADV18
Influence of monomers on the properties of epitope imprinted sol-gel on silica

surface for adsorption of heparin

Nur Farhanah Samrat1, Lee Jia Yee1,* Azalina Mohamed Nasir1, Noorhidayah Ishak1,2, and Iqmal Tahir3
1Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Kimia, Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, Kawasan Perindustrian
Jejawi, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau Perlis, Malaysia
2 School of Chemical Engineering, Engineering Campus,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang Malaysia

3Laboratorium Kimia Komputasi AIC,
Departemen Kimia, Fakultas MIPA, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Heparin is a well-known anticoagulant drug which is commonly utilized in medical practice. However, the
extract heparin contained high risk of contaminant foreign impurity. Thus, molecular imprinting
technology is introduced for purification and separation of heparin. Here, an epitope heparin imprinted
polymer was prepared by using low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) as template model in three
different functional monomers of (3-Aminopropyl) trimethoxysilane (APTMS), (3-Mercaptopropyl)
trimethoxysilane (MCPTMS) and 3-(2-Aminoethylamino) propyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPTES) as
functional monomer while, Tetrarthoxysilane (TEOS) used as cross-linker under the sol-gel process. The
prepared epitope heparin imprinted polymer was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The AEAPTES-MIP had best imprinting
effect towards heparin with highest imprinting factor value (IF=3.10) compared to APTMS-MIP (IF= 2.18)
and MCPTMS-MIP (IF=0.13) due to its high stability and dual functional group created strong hydrogen
bonding. Moreover, epitope heparin imprinted polymer exhibited high selectivity towards macromolecule
heparin compared to LMWH. This proved successfully used as identification and selection of
macromolecule fragment for determines its biological activity role.
Keywords: epitope imprinted; heparin; molecular imprinted polymer; sol-gel process
BIOGRAPHY

Nur Farhanah Samrat is a Master (Ms.c) student in Chemical Engineering.
Currently work as Graduate Research Assistant in Faculty of Chemical Engineering
Technology, University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Sungai Chuchuh, 02100 Padang
Besar, Perlis. She obtained her degree in Biochemical-Biotechnology Engineering
from International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Gombak 50728, Kuala
Lumpur. Her research interest is in the polymer molecular imprinted (MIP) synthesis
field.

60

ADV21
A New Magnetic Catalyst on Mesoporous Support MCM-48 for the Biodiesel

Production: Cao-Fe3O4/MCM-48

M. Hilman Abdul Mustapa and Wan Nur Aini Wan Mokhtar
Department of Chemical Science,

Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
A cubic phase of mesoporous silica matrix (MCM-48) has received great interest and extensively used in
catalyst support field. The optimization on this support were carried out with synthesis of recoverable
heterogenous of magnetic catalyst which is CaO-Fe3O4/MCM-48 notable as CF/M-(x,y) with different
calcination temperature (x) and time (y) using a developed co-precipitation method by hydrothermal
autoclave. The structure and morphology of the samples and the states of calcium and ferum in the
materials were systematically characterized and analysed by FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, VSM, GCMS and
TGA. The possible formation mechanism of nano-magnetic catalyst was proposed based on the Stöber
process. According to optimization and characterization results the catalyst with 30CF/M-(550/6) has the
best activity. The results show that the catalyst exhibited good thermal and chemical stability and enabled
facile catalyst separation post-reaction and the production of high-quality biodiesel. The catalyst could be
recovered easily by external magnet and has excellent reusability for 7 times without significant decrease
of activity.
Keywords: MCM-48; Magnetic support; heterogenous catalyst; calcium oxide; Biodiesel
BIOGRAPHY

Muhammad Hilman was born on 12 December 1994 in Lumut, Perak. He
received the B.Sc. degree (Oleo chemistry) in 2016 and M.Sc. degree (Chemistry)
in 2019 from National University of Malaysia. Currently, he continued studies in
Chemistry for PhD level at same university. In research field, he experiences in
modifying natural rubber and synthetic rubber for oil pollution. In PhD studies, he
is focusing on development on heterogeneous catalyst using natural waste oil for
producing high yield of biodiesel.

61

ADV22
Synthesis of Ni-Mn Co-Doped MIL-125-NH2 for Enhanced Removal of

Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution

Sumiyyah Sabar1,* Siti Fairuz Azizan2 and Nur Shazwani Abdul Mubarak1
1Chemical Sciences Programme, School of Distance Education (SDE),

Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

2School of Chemical Sciences,
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Minden, Penang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Mn-Ni co-doped MIL-125-NH2 was successfully synthesized using the hydrothermal method with varying
Mn precursor concentrations. The nanocomposites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy
(SEM) with energy dispersive x-ray analysis (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-
ray diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), UV-Vis
diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and point of charge (pHPZC). The changes in physicochemical
parameters are discussed in detail. It was found that after doping with Mn and Ni, the shape of MIL-125-
NH2 became slightly different from the discoid shape, and the size was not uniform. Besides, the band
gap energy of Mn-Ni co-doped MIL-125-NH2 slightly increased from 2.66 eV to 2.83 eV. The
photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was evaluated using methylene blue (MB) as the model
pollutant. Co-doping with two transition metals showed enhanced photocatalytic reaction compared to Ni
doped and undoped MIL-125-NH2. The high photoactivity of Ni-Mn Co-Doped MIL-125-NH2 can be
ascribed to the effective spatial separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers, mainly due to the
synergistic effect of amino functionality and co-doping of the two transition metals.
Keywords: Co-doping; Dye Degradation; Hydrothermal Synthesis; Metal-organic Frameworks;
Photocatalysis.
BIOGRAPHY

Ts. ChM. Dr. Sumiyyah Sabar is currently the Deputy Dean (Research,
Innovation & Industry-Community Engagement) at the School of Distance
Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM). She obtained her Bachelor's
degree in Analytical and Environmental Chemistry from Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu (UMT) in 2007. She later completed her Ph.D. in Photocatalysis
at USM in 2013. Shortly after, she joined USM as a Senior Lecturer in the
Chemical Sciences Programme. In 2018, she underwent a one-year
postdoctoral study at the National University of Singapore (NUS), Singapore.
Her speciality is in environmental chemistry, green chemistry and material
chemistry.

62

ADV23
Statistical Analysis Optimization of 3-acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone as

Corrosion Inhibitor on Copper Metal in Corrosive Medium using RSM
Approach

Muhammad Ammar Mohamad Alwi1, Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad1, Izan Izwan Misnon2
and Erna Normaya1*

1 Experimental and Theoretical Research Lab, Department of Chemistry,
Kulliyyah of Science,

International Islamic University of Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Lebuhraya Tun Razak, Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In this study, 3-acetylpyridine thiosemicarbazone (3-APT), was synthesized and performed as new
corrosion inhibitor for copper metal in acidic media. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was utilised
to optimise 3-APT's inhibitory behaviour, while gravimetric measurements and electrochemical
impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were employed as the respond to examine the results. An about 93 %
inhibitory efficiency was achieved at the best optimum condition of temperature (42.90 oC), acid
concentration (2.38 M), inhibitor concentration (3.80 mM), and immersion time (18.97 hours). No
significant difference in inhibitory efficiency was found between the experimental and predicted RSM,
with a confidence level value of up to 97% being attained during validation. According to the findings of
the isotherm investigation, 3-APT obeys to the Langmuir isotherm, and the physio-chemisorption
adsorption processes are responsible for the ΔGads value of -34.76 kJ mol-1. Scanning Electron
Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) provide visible evidence of 3-APT's
inhibitory efficacy. Theoretical calculations were also performed, and the results showed that the high
stability energy gap between HOMO-LUMO (4.6891 eV) with other parameters like electronegativity,
global and chemical softness were consistent with the experimental outcomes.
Keywords: DFT, Electrochemical impedance, optimization, RSM, thiosemicarbazone
BIOGRAPHY

Muhammad Ammar Bin Mohamad Alwi is currently a PhD student with a
specialization in corrosion science study. He obtained his degree in Bachelor of
Science (Applied Chemistry) at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM)
Kuantan. The internship during the undergraduate study at Malaysia Refining
Company Sdn Bhd (MRCSB) have brought his interest in pursuing his PhD
research interest regarding the oil and gas field problems. The research was
supported and supervised by Asst. Prof. Dr. Erna Normaya and Assoc. Prof. Dr.
Norazmi Ahmad from IIUM Kuantan.

63

ADV24

Argentum Nanoflower with Quasi-Spherical Petal

Ullmazleiney Allmauzi, Faizal Mohamed* and Irman Abdul Rahman
School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Argentum has been extensively researched due to its intriguing physicochemical properties, which have
occupied daily routine needs all over the world. In this work, Argentum nanoflower (AgNF) with quasi-
spherical petals was synthesized using solid state-chemical reduction methods. Ascorbic acid is used as
a reaction agent, involving a basic heating procedure followed by drying and heating treatment. Each
characterization was carried out by comparing AgNF-PVA (argentum nanoflower synthesized using
polyvinyl alcohol) and AgNf-AA (argentum nanoflower synthesized using ascorbic acid), with AgNF-PVA
serving as the control. The surface morphologies of the obtained silver nanoflowers were examined using
field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and it showed nanoflower structures with quasi-
spherical petal structures. The X-ray diffraction technique (XRD) confirms the crystalline phase (more
than 95%) and size by Debye-Scherrer’s equation in a range of less than 40 nm for AgNF-PVA & AgNf-
AA and the crystal structure of Silver-3C (PDF 03-065-2871). The Ultraviolet-visible near-infrared (UV-
VIS-NIR) spectrum and Raman spectrometer indicated the presence of silver and metal oxide,
respectively, in the nanoflower structure. As a conclusion, the ascorbic acid managed to synthesize the
argentum nanoflower with a quasi-spherical petal. Overall, these findings provide economical and simple
methods to manufacture stable and quasi-spherical structures of AgNF with heterogenous nanogaps that
possess great potential to be applied in biomedical research and clinical diagnostic applications.

Keywords: Argentum nanoflower; Ascorbic acid; solid state-chemical reduction; Quasi-spherical;

BIOGRAPHY

Ullmazleiney Allmauzi developed an interest in production of silver nanoflowers as
her career path ambition to focus on theranostic applications. She obtained a
bachelor’s and MSc degrees in Nuclear Science from Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia and is now enrolled as a PhD degree student, running research on the
Potential Application of Silver Nanoflower in Medical Radiation. With fifteen years
of teaching experience in the educational institutions under the Ministry of Health
Malaysia, she has developed her journey by achieving her target of sharing
knowledge in radiation protection, physics radiation, behavioral science, patient
care, and research methodologies.

64

ADV27
Modern Trends in Polymer Bioconjugates: Design and Applications

Noor Faizah Che Harun1,* Nurul Aina Jamaluddin1 and Adrina Zulkifli1
1Universiti Kuala Lumpur- Branch Campus Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering

Technology, Lot 1988, Kawasan Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning,
78000, Alor Gajah, Melaka

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The rational model of polymer bioconjugation successfully linked the different entities and discovered
potential synergistic properties. Polymer bioconjugates have been practically studied for many years
exclusively for biomedical applications. Within the last few years, polymer bioconjugation become
important in many other emerging areas of material sciences. In this present review recent progress and
changes in the field of polymer bioconjugation, including the synthesis of polymer bioconjugations and
their applications are discussed details. This review describes recent progress and changes in the field
of polymer bioconjugation.
Keywords: Bioconjugate; Carbohydrates; Lipids; Peptides: Polymer Chemistry
BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Noor Faizah Che Harun is a senior lecturer in Universiti Kuala Lumpur branch
Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology (UniKL MICET).
She obtained her Ph. D in Environmental Chemistry and Engineering on March
2017 from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan. She interests in the
development of polymer bioconjugate including the synthesis of polymers for drug
delivery system research field.

65

ADV28

Gellan Gum-Fipronil Beads: Experimental and Release Study of Pesticide

Adila Mohamad Jaafar1,2,* Iman Faqihah Mohd Yusuf 1, Norhayu Asib3, Mazidah Mamat4
and Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah4

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science
2Unit of Chemistry, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agriculture Science

3Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

4Department of Science Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The gellan gum beads containing fipronil prepared by ionotropic gelation technique were studied on its
physical and chemical properties. Fipronil is one of the active ingredients found in numerous kinds of
pesticide products to control pests, specifically insects. Despite a variety of ways to apply the fipronil-
containing products on the soil of crops such as foliar spray, soil treatment and granular application, its
toxicity can be harmful to the environment. Hence, the incorporation of fipronil into gellan gum beads was
done to investigate the possibilities of using it to effectively prolong the release of fipronil and was
envisioned for further use to reduce the risk of agrochemicals contamination to the soils. The fabrication
of gellan gum-fipronil (GG-FIP) beads were achieved by using 1.0 g of gellan gum at different masses of
fipronil (0.002 - 0.005 g) and calcium chloride as the crosslinking agent. The FTIR spectra revealed that
both functional groups from the host and the guest species were present. CHN analysis showed that the
gellan gum loaded with fipronil showed an increase in the carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen contents due to
the successful incorporation of fipronil into the host. TGA thermogram showed that the prepared beads
experienced weight losses according to the concentration of the fipronil present in the beads. The release
profile of the fipronil from the gellan gum beads showed at least 4000 mins of release and the
effectiveness was confirmed by doing experiments using the GG-FIP beads to the real insect (weaver
ant) colony which was found to have totally disappeared in 7200 mins .
Keywords : fipronil; gellan gum; host; pesticide; release
BIOGRAPHY

Dr Adila Mohamad Jaafar is currently a senior lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia.
She teaches chemistry at Pusat Asasi Sains Pertanian and her research is
conducted at Faculty of Science, UPM. She graduated both her MSc and PhD from
UPM. She obtained her MSc in 2005 in the field of material science and her PhD in
2011 in the field of nano material. Her research interest focused on host material,
encapsulation and control release formulation. Her experience in host materials
include layered double hydroxides, carbon nanotubes, hydrogel, and metal organic
framework.

66

ADV29
Efficient Nanodelivery of Encapsulated Active Molecules via Sustainable

Reticular Materials

Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*, Nurul Farhana Ahmad Aljafree1,2 Norhayu Asib3, Umar Abdul
Aziz1,2, Nurul Akmarina Mohd Ahmad Kamal1,2, Muhammad Alif Mohamad Latif1,2 and Kyle E
Cordova1,2,4

1 Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2 Foundry of Reticular Materials for Sustainability (FORMS),
Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology,

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3 Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

4 Materials Discovery Research Unit,
Advanced Research Centre, Royal Scientific Society, Amman 11941, Jordan

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Applications of advanced materials as the novel supporting matrix for molecules and biomolecules
encapsulation have engendered incredible interest in the chemical and biotechnology communities.
Robust nanostructured forms possess a high surface area and micropores that can cause a high loading
and facilitate stability. New biodegradable Ca-based MOFs were synthesized and encapsulated with
fungicides for combating the fungal pathogen Ganoderma boninense. Lately, nanomaterials especially
reticular materials have been used in the targeted nanodelivery of therapeutics and diagnostics to
diseased tissues. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) were
used for nanodelivery purposes to encapsulate drugs in lung cancer pulmonary treatment. Molecular
simulation of molecules or enzymes encapsulated and behaving in reticular materials may offer a better
understanding of the design of future reticular materials. The selection of appropriate support materials
with tailored properties is critical for the anticipated application and future investigations should
endeavour to adopt logistic and sensible entrapment techniques. These could provide new perspectives
to the industrial sector.

Keywords: encapsulation; metal-organic frameworks; nanodelivery; reticular materials; sustainability

BIOGRAPHY

Mohd Basyaruddin is currently the Dean and Senior Professor of Chemistry at
Universiti Putra Malaysia and was appointed as Distinguished Visiting Scholar at
University of California, Berkeley. He received his Ph.D in Catalysis Chemistry in
1999 at the University of Southampton and continued his postdoctoral in structural
biology at the University of Edinburgh. His research areas include biocatalysis,
chemical biology, computational chemistry and nanobiotechnology. He is among
the pioneer chemists in this country to synergise experimental results with
theoretical insights. He has published more than 270 cited papers and 400
proceedings and filed more than more than 25 patents.

67

CHE01

Synthesis and Characterization of Selective Electrochemical Sensor Based on
Molecularly Imprinted Technique for the Determination of Picolinic Acid

Nur Asyiqin Zulkefli1, Nur Habibah Safiyah Jusoh1, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod2*
and Abdul Mutalib Md Jani3

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2* Advanced Nano Materials (ANoMA) Research Group, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia.

3 Faculty of Applied Science,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perak Branch, Tapah Campus, 35400 Perak

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Picolinic acid (PIC) is among the tryptophan (TRY) metabolites that plays an important role in the
development of some inflammatory disorders. However, despite some previously reported works on the
development of new methodologies for the rapid detection of the other TRY metabolites, there is no
similar reported work on PIC. Thus, in this work, we aim to synthesize a molecularly imprinted polymers
(MIPs) based electrochemical sensor that can rapidly and selectively detect PIC in an electrolyte. PIC
molecule, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (3-MPTS), and acetonitrile were sonicated together to
form the MIPs sol-gel solution and it was left polymerized on the surface of the screen−printed carbon
electrodes (SPCEs) at the room temperature for 24 hours. The non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were also
synthesized using the same methodology as the control without the presence of PIC molecule. The
characterizations of the sensors were carried out using field emission scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and cyclic voltammetry (CV). The MIPs
performance towards PIC was investigated using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in the linear range
between 1 to 5 mM, with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.6 mM (S/N = 3) and the limit of quantification
(LOQ) of 1.7 mM (S/N = 10). The rebinding analysis revealed the ability of MIPs to selectively detect PIC
molecules in the electrolyte. All of the results obtained successfully represent the potential of the
developed MIPs electrochemical sensor to be used for the selective determination of PIC by
electrochemical analysis.

Keywords: differential pulse voltammetry; electrochemistry; molecularly imprinted polymer; screen-
printed carbon electrode; sol-gel

BIOGRAPHY

Nur Asyiqin Zulkefli is currently a postgraduate student supervised by Assoc. Prof.
ChM. Dr. Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. She
graduated her bachelor degree’s study of Chemical Engineering Technology in
2018 and now is finishing her master degree’s study in 2022. She has a
considerable interest in chemistry as a teenager and now is continuously
developing her interest in technology development as a university student. In
Asyiqin’s free time, she loves to boost her personal development through online
courses and making new friends online.

68

CHE02
Synthesis of Nano Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Penicillin G Detection

Zulaiha Abdul Rahim1, Nor Azah Yusof2,*
1Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA),
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
We demonstrate the synthesis of nanosized molecularly imprinted polymer (nanoMIP) particles via a
miniemulsion polymerization strategy. Penicillin G, a beta-lactam antibiotic, is chosen as the template
molecule. The template was dissolved in the mixture of the functional monomer, methacrylic acid (MAA)
and crosslinking agent, Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The pre-polymerization of monomer-
template mixture was emulsified into miniemulsion with the droplet nanoMIP via sonication. The extraction
of the template successfully done, nanoMIP particles were obtained with an average diameter of 60-70
nm. The formation of recognition sites on the nanoMIP will be validated by the excellent binding capability
towards Penicillin G in the selective and competitive binding experiments and further immobilized on the
screen-printed electrode (SPE) for electrochemical sensing of Penicillin G.
Keywords: nanoMIP, Penicillin G; binding capacity; SPE; electrochemical sensor
BIOGRAPHY

Past: MSc in Sensor Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang
(2018), Present: PHD in Sensor Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),
Serdang. Research interests: Electrochemical sensor, Analytical chemistry

69

CHE03
Nano-Molecular Imprinted Polymer based electrochemical sensor for detection

of Ampicillin

Suhainie Ismail1, Nor Azah Yusof2,*
1Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2),
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Allergic reaction issues from beta-lactam antibiotics have become worldwide concern even though the
percentage of cases reported are small. Herein, a highly sensitive and selective nano molecular imprinted
polymer (NMIP) – based electrochemical sensor was fabricated for the determination of beta-lactam
antibiotic, ampicillin (AMP). NMIP was prepared using one-pot synthesis by nano-emulsion technique
before being incorporated with nanocomposites of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and gold nanowires (AuNWs)
on disposable and low-cost screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). The cooperation of the
CNF/AuNWs/NMIP provide excellent performance of the electrochemical sensor for the detection of AMP.
Cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique was applied to examine the fabrication of modifier on working
electrode surface. The quantitative measurement was investigated with electrochemical impedance
spectroscopy (EIS). The surface morphology was assessed by field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was carried out to analyse the size of
the nanomaterials. This study promotes fast electron transfer, sensitive, selective, low detection limit and
broad linear range compared to other approaches.
Keywords: nanoMIP, Ampicillin; binding capacity; SPE; electrochemical sensor
BIOGRAPHY

Past: MSc in Sensor Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang
(2019). Present: PHD in Sensor Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),
Serdang. Research interests: Electrochemical sensor, Analytical chemistry

70

CHE04
Overoxidation of Co-PEDOT/SPCE and Its Electrochemical and

Surface Properties

Nurul Izzati Shahariman, Rossuriati Dol Hamid*, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain and Yusairie Mohd
Faculty of Applied Sciences, MARA University of Technology, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In this study, screen printed carbon electrode was modified using conducting polymers of poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and cobalt (Co) as dopant. The electropolymerization of monomer
(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (EDOT) with cobalt were done using cyclic voltammetry mode in various
potential ranges (0 to 2.00 V). The electrochemical and surface properties of polymer were investigated
to study the effect of potential ranges in electropolymerization of EDOT and cobalt. The study revealed
that different potential ranges lead to significant changes in electrochemical, structural, and
morphological properties of the polymer film due to overoxidation. The properties of overoxidized polymer
were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray
(EDX), atomic force microscope (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy
(EIS) and cyclic voltammetry to calculate the surface area (ECSA) of the electrode. Partially overoxidized
Co-PEDOT were contributed to high conductivity and large surface area. It also exhibits abundant oxygen
functional groups and roughness. The partially overoxidized polymer also possesses superior
electrochemical performance due to synergistic effect between electrocatalytic properties of cobalt and
high conductivity of conducting polymer. These characterizations highlighted some novel properties that
may be beneficial for specific sensing applications.
Keywords: poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene), cobalt, overoxidation, cyclic voltammetry, screen printed
carbon electrode.
BIOGRAPHY

Nurul Izzati Binti Shahariman Bachelor of Science (Hons.) Chemistry (Forensic
Analysis) from UiTM (GPA 3.79). She is currently pursuing a master’s degree in
Electrochemistry at UiTM. conducting novel research on Cobalt as potential
dopant in EDOT electropolymerization, as well as the optimum parameters in
electropolymerization of the composites.

71

CHE05
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIP) for Domoic Acid Detection

Fatin Nabilah Muhamad, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki*, Marinah Ariffin and Azrilawani Ahmad
Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Domoic acid imprinted polymers (MIPs) were successfully synthesized by bulk polymerization method
using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as a functional monomer and ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate
(EGDMA) as a cross-linker. Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) were also synthesized using similar
procedures but without the addition of template molecules (DA). The presence of DA template in MIPs
and the absence of DA template in NIPs were proven by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR)
Spectroscopy. All MIPs analyses were done using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Binding efficiencies of
MIPs synthesized to domoic acid were determined using batch rebinding experiments where the
optimum mass and time obtained were 5 mg and 15 minutes respectively. The correlation coefficient
(R2) of NIP and MIP were 0.8989 and 0.9933 respectively. The calculated limits of detection (LOD) were
1.418 ppm and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 4.2983 ppm. Adsorption isotherm experiment indicated
that the Freundlich isotherm model yielded a better fit towards the equilibrium adsorption data.
Keywords: Binding efficiency; Domoic Acid; Marine Neurotoxin; Molecularly Imprinted Polymer; Sensing
system
BIOGRAPHY

My name is Fatin Nabilah Muhamad, a student at Universiti Malaysia
Terengganu. I am currently pursuing a master’s degree (Msc) of Chemistry, in
affiliation with Faculty of Science and Marine Environment (FSME). My research
scope lies in the development of biochemical sensor for marine biotoxin
detection. The main interest for the sensor development is to determine the
presence of domoic acid (DA) in shellfish tissue.

72

CHE06

Lipase/Reduced Graphene Oxide/Copper Metal-Organic Framework
(lipase/rGO/Cu-MOF) Electrode for the Detection of Organophosphorus

Pesticide (OPP): Optimization and Characterization

Nur Aina Izzati Mohd Mokhtar1, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi1,*, Siti Efliza Ashari1,2,3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Integrated Chemical BioPhysics Research, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

The detection of organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) is one of the early measures to protect the
environment and food security and to prevent pesticide exposure, which can have serious health
consequences. A lipase-based electrochemical sensor immobilized on a copper-centered metal-organic
framework integrated with reduced graphene oxide (rGO/Cu-MOF) was synthesized by a facile synthesis
method at room temperature. Response surface methodology (RSM) via central composite design (CCD)
was used to optimize the synthesis parameters, i.e., rGO weight, ultrasonication time, and lipase
concentration to maximize the current response for the detection of p-nitrophenyl acetate (p-NPA). The
results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that all three parameters were significant, while the
interaction between the ultrasonication time and lipase concentration was the only significant interaction
based on a p-value of less than 0.05. The optimized electrode with parameters of 1 mg rGO, 30 s
ultrasonication time and 30 mg/mL lipase concentration exhibited the highest current response of 116.93
µA using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and has a relative standard error (RSE) of less than 2% in validation,
indicating that the model is suitable to be used. It was characterized by field emission scanning electron
microscope (FESEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and x-ray
diffraction (XRD), where the integration of the composite was observed. The electrochemical and thermal
analysis showed that combining Cu-MOF with rGO enhanced its electrical conductivity and
thermostability. The rGO/Cu-MOF has a promising capability as an enzyme immobilizer for OPP
detection.

Keywords: Electrochemical biosensor, metal-organic framework, lipase, reduced graphene oxide,
response surface methodology

BIOGRAPHY

Nur Aina Izzati Mohd Mokhtar obtained her B.Sc in Industrial Chemical
Technology from Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. Currently, she is continuing her
studies in Master of Science at Universiti Putra Malaysia under the supervision of
Dr Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi. Her research interests are electrochemical sensor and
analytical chemistry.

73

CHE08
A highly sensitive acrylic-based biosensor utilizing anthraquinone redox

intercalator for A. minutum DNA detection

Siti Aishah Hasbullah, Emma Izzati Zakariah, Eda Yuhana Ariffin,
Department of Chemical Sciences,

Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM, Bangi,Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
A novel electrochemical DNA biosensor for highly sensitive and selective quantitation of A.minutum DNA
based on succinimide-functionalized acrylic microspheres (SAcM) has been successful developed.
SAcM was synthesized and serves as polymer support for DNA probe. The constructed DNA biosensor
demonstrated a linear response over a wide target sequence concentration range of 1×10‐12 to 1×10-6 M,
with a low detection limit of 1×10-13 M (R2=0.99). The DNA biosensor response was regenerable over
three successive regeneration and rehybridization cycles with reversibility standard deviations in the
range of 3.54% to 4.4% (n=4). The electrochemical DNA biosensor was applied to detect the presence
of A. minutum alga blooms in Sungai Genting, Tumpat, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Keywords: Alga blooms; A.minutum DNA; DNA biosensor; electrochemical; succinimide- microspheres
BIOGRAPHY

Siti Aishah Hasbullah obtained her first and MSc Degree from UKM, where she
worked with Prof. Dr Lee Yook Heng on ‘the fabrication of potensiometry
biosensor for detection of formaldehyde’ in 2005. She spent one year as a
Research Officer in the Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (work on natural
product synthesis) and Malaysian Agricultural Research and Development
Institute (work on biosensor development) in 2005 before moving back in
November 2005 to Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysian as a Tutor and temporary
lecturer in Chemistry Department. She received her PhD in Organic Synthesis
from Sheffield University, UK in 2011. She was a Senior Lecturer in the School of
Chemical Sciences and Food Technology from 2011 – October 2017 before being
promoted to an Associate Professor in October 2017. Currently she is Head of
Postgraduate Programme, Programme, Department of Chemical Sciences,
Faculty of Science and Technology, UKM.

74

CHE09
Immobilization of Antibodies on Conjugate Pad in Paper-Based COVID-19

Biosensor Development

Zainiharyati Mohd Zain*, Muhammad Asyraf Haiqal bin Mansor, Ahmad Faiz Najmi Mohammad
Tajuddin and Yusairie Mohd

Electrochemical Material and Sensor (EMaS) Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
One of the factors that affect the COVID-19 antibodies detection on paper-based sensor is the size of
nanoparticles that were spread out on the conjugate pad. This work found that gold nanoparticles
(AuNPs) less than 40 nm of size are suitable to be used as conjugation matrix. An optimum AuNPs size
enables interaction between captured SARS-CoV-2 antibodies towards the AuNPs on the conjugate pad.
The AuNPs were deposited on the paper through an electroless deposition technique. The Turkevich
method has been applied in successfully used trisodium citrate as reducing agent in producing the
AuNPs. Filter paper and glass microfiber filter paper were studied as conjugate pads. Optimization on
the concentration and volume of trisodium citrate were carried out because these parameters yielded
different sizes of AuNPs. UV-Vis absorbance peaks observed for 36 nm AuNPs were higher than 23 nm
AuNPs upon the conjugation with the antibodies. ATR FTIR absorbance spectra for the AuNPs-
antibodies conjugation proven the attachment between antibodies and AuNPs on the paper-based
sensor. Future work on other targeted antibodies such as IgG, IgA, and IgM on lateral flow assay will be
conducted. Deployment of paper-based biosensor at point of care situations will provide not only simpler
method of detection but also faster treatment planning. This is due to an intermediate antibodies’ stages
within COVID-19 infection where, within 8-14 days, IgM have the highest positive rates and at the late
stage (above 15 days) IgG have the highest positive rates in blood samples.
Keywords: Paper-based sensor, antibody, nanoparticle, Turkevich method, COVID-19.
BIOGRAPHY

Dr Zainiharyati Mohd Zain currently serves as Associate Professor at School of
Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi
MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam , Selangor Malaysia. She graduated with PhD in
Electroanalytical Chemistry), MSc Analytical Chemistry and BSc Industrial
Chemistry Minor Management (Hons), Universiti Sains Malaysia. She won many
innovations competitions with gold awards and research grants amounting RM 2
million in the past 5 years. Her research interest is DNA Biosensors, implantable
microelectrode for neurochemicals monitoring, forensics and chemical sensors.

75

ENV01

Recovery of Phosphate from Artificial Human Urine Using Magnesium-
modified Biochar

Yong Soon Kong1,* Nurul Fariha binti Mohd Idrus1, Nur Qursyna Boll Kassim2, Mohamad Azwani Shah
Mat Lazim3, and Robert Thomas Bachmann4

1Soil Assessment and Remediation Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences,
Universiti Teknologi MARA

2 Soil Conservation and Management Research Group, Faculty of Plantation and Agrotechnology,
Universiti Teknologi MARA

3 Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

4 Green Chemistry & Sustainable Engineering Technology Cluster, Section of Environmental
andPolymer Engineering Technology, Malaysian Institute of Chemical and Bioengineering
Technology,Universiti Kuala Lumpur

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Magnesium-modified biochar (MMB) used to recover phosphate from urine by struvite precipitation.
Pyrolysis of sawdust at 700C and subsequent impregnation with MgO2 produced MMB. Virgin and spent
MMB were characterized on Proximate analysis, surface morphology, elemental composition, specific
surface area and functional groups were conducted using thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA), scanning
electron micrography (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, surface area analyzer, and Fourier
transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, respectively. The batch sorption experiments were conducted
on MMB using artificial human urine (AHU), where residual phosphate was quantified by colorimetry.
Sorption data was analysed using various isotherm and kinetic models for elucidation of sorptive potential
and mechanism. Pyrolysis of sawdust produced a porous biochar with a high surface area. However,
mofification with MgO2 decreased the surface area of MMB, possibly due to the loss of micropore from
oxidation and deposition of struvite as confirmed by the SEM-EDX analysis. FTIR analysis shows the
presence of polar functional groups such as carboxylate, phenolate, and amide were mainly involved in
the Mg and phosphate adsorption. The phosphate sorption capacity for MMB was 9554.20 mg/g at a
sorbent/solution ratio of 0.1g/L after 120 min of contact time. Sorption of phosphate occured on a
heterogeneous MMB surface with a possible multilayer adsorption mechanism. Kinetic study suggested
that the sorption of phosphate by MMB were a chemisorption process. The presence of Mg in MMB aided
the formation of struvite in MMB, and enhanced recovery of phosphate from AHU. Spend MMB can be
recovered as fertilizer or immobilizing heavy metals in soil.

Keywords: oxidized biochar; magesium peroxide; struvite; sorption; phosphate; human urine

BIOGRAPHY

Assoc. Prof. ChM. Dr. Yong Soon Kong Dr Yong is a member of the Faculty of
Applied Sciences, UiTM. He is currently the Head of Ethics and Publication Unit,
Research Management Centre, UiTM. He obtained a PhD in environmental
remediation at the University of South Australia, and founded the Soil Assessment
and Remediation Research Group. His research interests are inorganic synthesis
and environmental remediation with value-added agricultural waste materials.
Modified agriculture wastes were used in the sorption/immobilization of toxic metal
ions from contaminated soil/water. He has utilized waste materials from cockles
and mushroom for remediation of metal-contaminated wastewater and soil.

76

ENV04

Heavy Metals Concentration change in the Muscle of Two Marine Fish
Species due to Spatial Variation

A. Jaya Sree1*, Srinivasulu A1, Tanushree panigrahi2, Jaganmoy Biswas3,
A. D. P. Rao1

1Department of Nuclear Physics,
Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India, 530003

2Department of Biology,
Gitam University, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India

3UGC-DAE-Department of Atomic Energy Consortium for Scientific Research, Kolkata, India

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Though fish is a rich source of nutritious food for consumption by the public; sometimes it may represent
as hazardous one for the health of mankind due to accumulation of heavy metals in higher concentrations
from the marine ecosystem, magnifying them in the food chain. In the present study, two different marine
fish species were collected from four locations along the coastal waters of Andhra Pradesh in India. These
samples were analyzed by using Energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) technique.
Concentrations of eight elements (As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se, Zn, and K) were determined in the muscle of
Ariomma indica and Dasyatus bleekeri collected from Visakhapatnam and Kakinada harbours besides
Pudimadaka and Bheemili locations. The obtained results were found to show considerable variation in
the concentrations of observed elements due to apparent spatial variation (four different locations).
Further, estimated daily intake and hazard quotients of all the elements mentioned above were evaluated.
The results showed that the concentrations of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) are above the threshold
limits. However, exposure to these heavy metals by the population depends on their dietary habits, and
continued exposure to heavy metals may cause adverse effects to the consumers. The current study
demonstrates that there is a need for continuous scientific and practical bio-monitoring of the heavy
metals accumulation in addition to trace elements in marine fishes along coastal waters of Andhra
Pradesh and suggest some remedial steps need to be taken up for reduction of pollution in the respective
locations.

Keywords: Ariomma indica; bio-monitoring; Dasyatus bleekeri; EDXRF; heavy metal

BIOGRAPHY

I am A. Jaya sree, currently working as a Research scholar (Ph.D.) in the
Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India. I am
presently working on the “Elemental Analysis of Marine Fishes in
Visakhapatnam and Kakinada”. I did M.Sc. in Physics (with specialization
Condensed Matter Physics) in the Department of Physics, and completed M.Phil
in the Department of Nuclear Physics, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam. My
research interests are Environmental studies and Elemental analysis by using
Nuclear Analytical Techniques. I worked as a faculty of physics in Aditya degree
college, Visakhapatnam. I also worked as a teacher in IIT foundation of
Narayana IIT schools, siliguri, West Bengal, India

77

ENV05
Vertical Distributions of Zn, Cd, Pb, and Cu at Tropical Coastal Sediments: In

case of West Coast of Peninsular Malaysia

Nazerita Lasumin, Khairul Nizam Mohamed* and Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
Department of Environmental, Faculty of Forestry and Environment,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The level and pollution status of Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu in sediment cores of Bagan Pasir estuary, Sungai Buloh
estuary, and the coastline of Port Dickson was assessed. Based on the vertical profiles of metals
concentrations, the order of metals’ concentration in decreasing manner was Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd at Bagan
Pasir and Sungai Buloh stations, while Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd at Port Dickson station. Most of the analyzed
metals were below the Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines and the effect range-low (ERL) at all
sampling stations. The results of geo-accumulation index, contamination factor and pollution load index
classified the sediments quality as unpolluted with studied metals with the exception of the element Pb
at certain depths of the sediment cores as well as historical pollution at bottom sediment at Sungai Buloh
station. Therefore, metal concentrations in the sediments of these stations were not at an alarming stage,
however, requires regular monitoring from the authorities to maintain sustainable management of these
areas especially at Sungai Buloh due to anthropogenic activities.
Keywords: Heavy metals, Bagan Pasir, Sg. Buloh, Port Dickson, Sediment Core, Pollution
BIOGRAPHY

My named is Dr. Khairul Nizam Mohamed from. I am senior lecture at Department
of Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia. My research focuses on trace metals
biogeochemistry with particular reference to bioactive metals (Iron and Copper). I
am interested in the chemical, biological, and physical processes which affect this
trace elements distribution and behaviour in both coastal and open ocean regimes.
My study combines speciation studies, trace metal uptake by phytoplankton and
analytical chemistry. The laboratory utilizes an electrochemistry technique in
analysing seawater samples. My research is to understanding the significance of
metal-organic ligands complexes to the biogeochemical cycling of metals in the
ocean.

78

ENV07
Spatial distribution of fallout radionuclides (137Cs and 210Pbex) inventories in

Langat watershed

Noor Fadzilah Yusof1, * Tukimat Lihan2, Norfaizal Mohamed@Muhammad1, Nurrul Assyikeen Md.
Jaffary1 and Nooradilah Abdullah1

1Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Kajang, Bangi, Selangor
2Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Fallout radionuclides (FRNs), namely caesium-137 (137Cs) and unsupported lead-210 (210Pbex) are
widely used to assess soil redistribution rates. Generally, soil erosion rates were estimated by the
comparison between individual inventory and reference inventory obtained from local fallout. The
objective of this study is to establish local reference inventory for both fallout radionuclides at the Langat
watershed. Fifteen individual soil cores were collected along the upstream to the downstream of Langat
watershed. Another three cores were collected at the reference location identified as reference inventory.
The activity concentration for both radionuclides was measured using gamma spectrometry system. The
radionuclide inventories were determined using bulk density and activity concentration. The mean
inventories for 137Cs and 210Pbex were 160 ± 5 Bq m-2 and 2040 ± 5 Bq m-2, respectively. FRNs method
shown to provide an alternative approach in documenting the spatial distribution of soil redistribution
within the Langat watershed.
Keywords: 137Cs, 210Pbex, fallout radionuclide, Langat, soil redistribution
BIOGRAPHY

Name: Noor Fadzilah binti Yusof. Phd degree: Doctor of Philosophy
(Environmental Science) in UKM year 2022. Master degree: Master of
Environmental Technology Management in UPM year 2016. 1st degree: MEng
(Hons) of Chemical Engineering in University of Nottingham (UK) year 2009.
Current position: Research officer in Radiochemistry and Environment Laboratory
(RAS), Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Research interest: Soil erosion, environmental
analysis in radioactive sample, radioanalytical, GIS modelling

79

ENV08

Detection of Multi-Class Antibiotics in Environmental Water Samples using
Paper-Based Analytical Device Prior to LC-MS Analysis

Mohamad Shariff Shahriman1, *, Sharifah Mohamad1,2, Nur Nadhirah Mohamad Zain3,
and Muggundha Raoov1,2*

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2University of Malaya Centre for Ionic Liquids, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Universiti Malaya Integrative Medicine Cluster, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute (AMDI),
Universiti Sains Malaysia, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected] /[email protected]

ABSTRACT

Ionic liquid (IL) was coated on the surface of commercial filter paper and was successfully developed by
using the dipping method, presenting a new cost-effective thin film. The newly developed paper-based
IL technique acts as adsorbent materials in a paper-based thin-film microextraction (p-TFME) analytical
device for the determination of fourteen representative multi-class antibiotics drugs in environmental
water samples. Besides that, the paper-based ionic liquid was characterized successfully by Fourier-
Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM),
Energy Dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-ray Powder
Diffraction (XRD) techniques. This developed method was pass-through optimization parameter
processes for the optimum extraction efficiency of antibiotics. Under the optimal conditions, the proposed
method was evaluated and applied to analyze antibiotics in environmental samples using a Liquid
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The validation method showed good linearity (0.1 µg L-1
- 500 µg L-1) with the highest coefficient of determination (R2 > 0.993, n = 3). The limits of detection (LOD)
and quantification (LOQ) of the developed method showed the lowest possible sensitivity of LC-MS
analysis within 0.05 µg L-1 – 4.52 µg L-1 and 0.15 µg L-1 – 13.6 µg L-1, respectively. The newly developed
paper-based ionic liquid for analysis of multi-class antibiotics under the p-TFME analytical device
procedure in various environmental water samples possesses limited sample volume and organic
solvent, fast extraction, is suitable as an in-situ procedure and good practicable used in the daily analysis.

Keywords: Paper-based materials; polymeric ionic liquid; multi-class antibiotic drugs; thin-film
microextraction; liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry; environmental water samples.

BIOGRAPHY

Mohamad Shariff Shahriman PhD student at Chemistry Department of Universiti
Malaya (UM), Malaysia. The first author of 3 scientific publications and co-author of
5 article publications. He received his M.Sc. degree in Separation Chemistry from
Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and his bachelor’s degree in Analytical and
Environmental Chemistry from the Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) in 2018
and 2015, respectively. Research interest: Analytical chemistry, separation,
development materials, antibiotics residues determination, environmental analysis
and others.

80

ENV09
Magnetic Graphene Oxide Incorporated with Fe2O3 for Efficient Removal of

Pb2+ from Aqueous Solution

Norhusna Mohamad Nor1, *, Nor Syazwani Mohamed Noor1, Nur Afifah Atikah Yaakob1 and Nur Alwani
Ali Bashah1

1Centre of Chemical Engineering Studies,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, Cawangan Pulau Pinang, Permatang Pauh Campus,

13500 Pulau Pinang, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The current research aim is to develop an efficient modified graphene oxide (GO) adsorbent for lead ion
(Pb2+) removal in wastewater. The GO was modified with Fe2O3 nanoparticles via co-precipitation
method. In this work, the effect of synthesis parameters of GO/Fe2O3 (Fe2O3 loading weight ratio,
synthesis time and calcination temperature) and adsorption parameters (initial Pb2+ concentration,
adsorption temperature and contact time) towards Pb2+ removal were investigated. The adsorption
experiment was carried out in a batch system. The synthesized GO/Fe2O3 adsorbent was characterized
by using TGA and N2 sorption-desorption analyses. The adsorption of Pb2+ using GO/Fe2O3 adsorbent
was analyzed using adsorption isotherms and kinetic study. It was found that the best synthesis
parameters are 1:0.5 ratio for GO/Fe2O3, 60 min of synthesis time and 400°C of calcination temperature.
The highest Pb2+ removal using GO/Fe2O3 adsorbent was recorded at 96%, with adsorption capacity of
49.85 mg Pb2+/g adsorbent. From the analysis, increasing the calcination temperature more than 400
°C, will decrease the growth and formation of GO/Fe2O3 which results in reducing the surface area.
Experimental results revealed that adsorption of Pb2+ using GO/Fe2O3 adsorbent fitted the pseudo
second order kinetic expression and was best described by the Langmuir isotherm with high correlation
coefficient (R2 >0.99).
Keywords: Adsorption, Graphene oxide, Magnetic adsorbent, Pb2+ removal, wastewater
BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Norhusna Mohamad Nor is currently a senior lecturer in the Centre of
Chemical Engineering Studies at UiTM Cawangan Pulau Pinang since February
2016. Dr. Norhusna received her undergraduate degrees as well as her MSc
degree from Universiti Teknologi Petronas, and her PhD from Universiti Sains
Malaysia. She published a number of technical papers in indexed Journals and
presented various academic as well as research-based papers at several
national and international conferences. Her research activities are currently
focusing on air pollution control & monitoring, adsorption & separation
technology, wastewater, biomass conversion, nanomaterials, and material
sciences.

81

ENV14

Separation, Identification and Characterization of Microplastics Found in the
Surface Water of Langat River, Malaysia

Ammarluddin Mohd Ali1, Sabiqah Tuan Anuar1,2,*, Wan Mohd Afiq Wan Mohd Khalik1,2, Maisarah
Jaafar1,2, Ku Mohd Kalkausar Ku Yusof1,2, Nor Salmi Abdullah3 and Yusof Shuaib Ibrahim1,2
1Faculty, Department of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2Microplastics Research Interest Group (MRIG),
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Water Quality Laboratory, National Water Research Institute of Malaysia (NAHRIM),
Ministry of Environment and Water, 43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Microplastics (MPs) are found across the world. However, there are relatively few investigations in
freshwater ecosystems, especially in Malaysia. In this research, the occurrence of microplastic in the
surface water with varying water quality, collected from Langat River, Malaysia, was investigated. MPs
were analyzed physically sorted according to their sizes, shapes, and colours using a stereoscopic
microscope coupled with an Axiocam microscopic digital camera. The size of MPs was categorized into
small size microplastic (1 µm-1 mm) and large microplastic (1 mm-5 mm). The most abundant particle
found in this study were fragment and fibres shapes. Other than that, the surface texture and elemental
composition of MPs including cracks, pit holes, and texture and adherence particles were examined using
a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX). MPs were
chemically observed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to characterized the functional
groups and to identified the associated polymers. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polystyrene, and
polyethylene terephthalate were recognized among the polymer types found in the samples. The present
findings revealed that the Langat River of Malaysia is undoubtedly affected by MPs of different sizes,
shapes, colours, and types, which may pose a potential risk to the river ecosystems.

Keywords: Langat, Malaysia, microplastic, polymer, surface water

BIOGRAPHY

My name is Ahmad Ammarluddin Bin Mohd Ali. I am master sciences student from
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. I did my earlier work during my degree on
chemical sciences, focusing on new anions receptors using amide ligand. Recently,
I am starting my research on microplastic in the ecosystem of rivers in Malaysia.
My project is about microplastic on the surface of water recover Langat River,
Malaysia. The water surface was collected with varying salinity: coastal, estuary,
and freshwater. Furthermore, the relationship between the water quality and the
occurrence of MPs was studied.

82

ENV15

Size and Organ-Specific Pattern of Heavy Metals in Longtail Tuna (Thunnus
tonggol) From Terengganu Waters

Norhazirah Abd Aziz1, Adiana Ghazali1,2, Sim Siong Fong3, Nurul Izzah Ahmad4, Ong Meng Chuan1,2,5*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

2Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

3Faculty of Resource Science and Technology,
Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

4Environmental Health Research Centre (EHRC),
Institute for Medical Research, Setia Alam, Malaysia

5Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Longtail tuna, Thunnus tonggol, belongs to a family of Scrombidae commonly served in special
Terengganu local delicacies such as the gravy of Nasi Dagang. This predator species is mainly found in
a shallow water environment. Terengganu is a state located at the east coast of Peninsular Malaysia
where the oil and gas industry being the major economic bolster. The rapid growth of urbanization, large-
scale developments and tourist attraction in this state could be one of the heavy metal polluting points in
Terengganu waters. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of six selected heavy
metals; copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), arsenic (As) and mercury (Hg) by using ICP-MS
in Longtail tuna muscle and three targeted organs namely gills, liver and stomach. The highest
concentration of Cu, Cd and Pb recorded in liver while As and Hg concentration were highest in muscle
samples. Meanwhile, Zn recorded highest concentration in gills sample. On the other hand, all heavy
metals have a significant positive relationship with the size of Longtail tuna (p < 0.05). Mercury (Hg) has
a strong positive relationship with fish size (r-value: 0.577). Meanwhile, Longtail tuna showed a clear
growth dilution effect for Cu and Pb, indicated by negative correlations between their concentrations and
fish length. This study provides comprehensive approaches to better understand the controlling factors
such as fish size and targeted organs in determining the concentration of heavy metals in Longtail tuna
fish.

Keywords: heavy metal; ICP-MS; pollution; South China Sea; Thunnus tonggol

BIOGRAPHY

Norhazirah binti Abd Aziz holds a doctoral degree in Marine Pollution specifically
in heavy metal pollution from Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Previously, she
also holds B. Sc (Fishery) and M.Sc (Marine Pollution) from the same university.
Her research focuses on metal content in marine organism which can act as
bioindicator and reflect the environmental quality. The heavy metal content in
commercial marine fishes can be identified to monitor the quality and safety of
seafood. Hence, the human risk assessment by consuming these marine
organism including fish can be estimated.

83

ENV17
Heavy Metals Determination in Sharks, Scoliodon laticaudus from Johor,

Malaysia

Ng Yenlin Erin1, Adiana Ghazali 1,2, Lavannia Ravikumar1, Yap Chee Kong3, Noverita Dian Takarina4,
Ong Meng Chuan1,2,5*

1 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

2 Ocean Pollution and Ecotoxicology (OPEC) Research Group,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3 Department of biology, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Seri Kembangan, Selangor

4 Department of Biology,
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Indonesia

5 Institute of Oceanography and Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Sharks collected from Johor waters were analysed to determine the levels of selected heavy metals and
their potential risks to human health. 25 sharks from Scoliodon laticaudus were purchased at the local
fisher’s market at Johor and kept at a low temperature before further analysis in the laboratory. At the
laboratory, samples were dissected into gills, muscle, fin, stomach, and liver and dried in an oven at 60
oC until dried. Then, the samples were then digested with Suprapur Nitric acid (HNO3) and the
concentration of selected heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Pb and Zn) was determined by using an
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS). The liver and stomach had the same
ascending concentration of metals whereby the order is Pb<Hg<Cd<Cr<Cu<Ar<Zn<Fe. For fins and gills
also have the same ascending order, Cd<Hg<Pb<Cu<Cr<Ar<Zn<Fe. While muscle is
Cd<Pb<Hg<Cu<Cr<Zn<Ar<Fe. The pollution load index (PLI) was used to indicate their level of
contamination. The average pollution load index for the above organs is 2.73, 1.75, 2.64, 2.45 and 2.75.
The PLI values indicate that the level of contamination is under control.
Keywords: ICP-MS; pollution load index; pollution; organisms; Straits of Malacca
BIOGRAPHY

Ng Yenlin Erin is a graduate research assistant pursuing her Master’s degree in
Marine Science at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Her research interests are
heavy metal pollution in marine organisms with particular emphasis on the
relationship between sharks and metal concentrations in the aquatic environment’s
pollution state.

84

ENV22
Effect of Foliar Application of Modified Molasses-Based Distillery Wastewater

on Brassica rapa L subsp chinensis Growth and Development

Nur Ain Atiqah Ramli and Nor Fariza Ismail*
Centre for Chemical Engineering Studies,
Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang,
13500 Permatang Pauh, Pulau Pinang Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
A pot experiment in a greenhouse was conducted to determine the effect of modified molasses-based
distillery wastewater (MDW) on growth and development of Brassica rapa L. subsp. Chinensis by foliar
application. MDW treatments were prepared at five different concentrations; 1:0, 1:10, 1:20, 1:30 and
1:40. Each treatment was compared with commercial fertilizer (N-P-K 15: 15: 15). The plant growth such
as plant height, number of leaves, length and width of leaves, and chlorophyll content has been observed.
The characterization of modified MDW and soil after MDW application were studied. The result showed
that at high concentration of MDW, the plant showed quantitively increase growth but slowly experienced
impaired growth. This study recommends using T3 (1:20) as foliar fertilizer for plants as it provides the
best nutrient requirements for plant growth. MDW was proven to contain high amounts of nutrients such
as phosphorus and potassium that are crucial for plant growth. Furthermore, heavy metal concentrations
in soil samples were at appropriate amounts and non-toxic to plants. After the application of MDW, soil
becomes fertile. Therefore, MDW is proven safe and effective to be use as organic fertilizer and foliar
application is an alternative method to enhance plant growth.
Keywords: Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis; chlorophyll; foliar; molasses-based distillery wastewater;
plant growth
BIOGRAPHY

Dr. Nor Fariza Ismail is a senior lecturer in the Centre for Chemical Engineering
Studies at the Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Pulau Pinang. She received
her doctorate degree (PhD) in Biochemical Engineering from Universiti Putra
Malaysia (UPM), Master of Engineering (Chemical) from Universiti Teknologi
Malaysia (UTM) and her first degrees in Bachelor in Chemical Engineering and
Bachelor of Science in Chemistry from University of Minnesota. She has been
teaching material balances and biological processes in wastewater treatment for
years. Her research areas are mainly in natural product processing,
phytochemistry, extraction and purification of bioactive compound, and
wastewater treatment and utilization.

85

ENV23
Evaluation of the Methane Potential Yield of Municipal Solid Waste

Nurzulaifa Shaheera Erne Mohd Yasim1,* Arnis Asmat1 Mohd Talib Latif2 and Faeiza Buyong1
1Faculty of Applied Sciences,

Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

2Department of Earth Sciences and Environment,
Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
In the last few decades, more attention is given in the reduction of methane emissions from landfill. This
reduction is amongst the most feasible and cost-effective measure by converting organic waste into
electricity energy through anaerobic degradation (AD). In the present study, the methane yield of
municipal solid waste produced in landfill was assessed using Biochemical methane potential (BMP)
assay. Methane yield of five different solid waste mixtures were identified through BMP assay. Mixture
A represented 74% organic waste and 26% inorganic waste and mixture B is a mixture of 72% organic
waste and 24% inorganic waste. Mixture C contained 60% food waste, 30% inorganic waste and 10%
garden waste, mixture D represented 30% food waste, 60% paper waste and 10% diaper waste and
mixture E is a mixture of 10% food waste, 30% plastic waste and 60% textile waste. BMP assay was
conducted in 250 mL of serum bottle with 70% of working volume, then, sample were incubated at 37 °C
for 37 days. BMP assay showed that mixture B has highest methane yield which is 310.91 ml CH4/g VS,
followed by mixture C, mixture D, mixture A and mixture E with the values of 269.61 ml CH4/g VS, 240.85
ml CH4/g VS, 229.91 ml CH4/g VS and 218.13 ml CH4/g VS respectively. For kinetic study, finding
revealed that modified Gompertz model fitted well to the predicted methane generation potential with
R>0.97. This paper provided baseline data for potential solution in municipal solid waste management
system in Malaysia.
Keywords: Biochemical methane potential; Gompertz model; Kinetic studies; Methane yield; Solid waste
BIOGRAPHY

I am a Senior Lecturer at School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of
Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Shah Alam); and teaching in
Atmospheric Chemistry and Air Pollution. I completed my BSc (Hons.) in
Chemistry and Master of Environment at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM); and
currently doing my Ph.D. in Science (Air Monitoring) at Faculty of Applied
Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA. My main research work includes the
determination of methane gas from landfills. I also work on the evaluation of
methane potential from organic waste.

86

ENV24
The Influences of Seasonal Monsoons upon Phosphorus, Chlorophyll-a and

Physical Characteristics of the Kelantan Waters

Azyyati Abdul Aziz*, Suhaimi Suratman, Ku Nor Afiza Asnida Ku Mansor and Fariz Syafiq Mohamad Ali
Institute of Oceanography and Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
The influence of the northeast and southwest monsoon on phosphorus distribution on the Southern coast
of Peninsular Malaysia is apparent. Nonetheless, little information is available on phosphorus variation
patterns during inter-monsoon, especially near Kelantan Waters. Data from three cruises on April, July
and November 2017, which represent the inter-, northeast and southwest monsoon, respectively, are
used to investigate the seasonal monsoon change in phosphorus (orthophosphate (PO43-), dissolved
organic phosphorus (DOP) and total particulate phosphorus (TPP)), chlorophyll-a and physical
characteristics in Kelantan Waters. The surface concentration of PO43-, DOP and chlorophyll-a during
the northeast monsoon were highest compared to other monsoon seasons, mainly in the area closer to
the land. This indicates that higher rainfall during the northeast monsoon resulted in increased land-
based runoff. Except for TPP, the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that all parameters measured in-depth
profiling were significantly different (p < 0.05) among seasons. We generally found depth profiling
distributions of PO43-, DOP and chlorophyll-a during the southwest and inter- monsoon were lower in
surface water and increase in deep water areas. In contrast, PO43-, DOP, chlorophyll-a and physical
parameters were typically well-mixed during the northeast monsoon, due to the strong wind than other
seasons. Overall, monsoon season is crucial physical process that affect the phosphorus distribution
pattern in the Kelantan Waters, especially during the northeast monsoon.
Keywords:; Intermonsoon; Northeast Monsoon, Phosphate, Dissolved Organic Phosphorus, South
China Sea.
BIOGRAPHY

Azyyati Abdul Aziz is a third-year chemical oceanography student at the Institute of
Oceanography and Environment Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). She
received a bachelor’s degree in applied chemistry from Universiti Teknolgi MARA
and a master’s degree in chemical science from UMT. She is interested in
oceanography, environmental analysis, marine and estuary science, and analytical
instruments.

87

ENV25

Discrimination of Gasoline Residues on Matrices Exposed to Varying
Durations and Monsoons in Malaysia Using Chromatographic and
Chemometric Techniques for Forensic Intelligence

Aidil Fahmi bin Shadan1,Naji A. Mahat2,3,* and Hafizan Juahir4*.

1Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Jalan Sultan,
46661, Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

3Centre for Sustainable Nanomaterials,
Ibnu Sina Institute for Scientific and Industrial Research,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia

4East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Arson is a crime that can cause massive property damages and the loss of lives. The issue of identifying
accelerants in arson investigations is exacerbated by significant evaporation and weathering of the
accelerants at high temperatures. Moreover, studies on chemicals fingerprints of ignitable liquid residues
for determining the source of fire from tropical countries (e.g. Malaysia), experiencing high daily rainfall,
temperature and humidity, remain unreported. Hence, this present research that attempted to
differentiate the burnt ignitable gasoline residue on matrices exposed at three different intervals during
the Northeast and Southwest monsoons in Malaysia acquires forensic significance. Gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of toluene, p-Xylene,
benzene, propyl-, benzene, 1-ethyl-2-methyl-, 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene and indane in all burnt matrices
analysed, with significant variations observed for samples exposed to 9-hour interval (p<0.05). In
addition, linear discriminant analysis (> 90% correct classification rate) was able to classify the types of
gasoline used as well as the monsoons, and specifically differentiated the samples exposed to 9-hour
period. While the findings supported the combinatory use of chromatographic analysis with
chemometrics for forensic discrimination of gasoline residues, fire investigators must be made aware of
the potential loss of important compounds should the period of collection of evidence exceeded 9-hour
post fire.

Keywords: arson; chemometric; chromatographic; gasoline; monsoons

BIOGRAPHY

Aidil Fahmi Bin Shadan is a Senior Chemist in the Department of Chemistry who
specialises in Chemical Safety and Health, as well as Forensic Chemistry
(criminalistics). He has worked in research laboratories, method development,
and high-tech instrumentation for the past nineteen years. He was in charge of
receiving and analysing crime cases, as well as reporting laboratory findings.
Chemometric chemistry and automated analytical instrumentation are two of his
research interests and areas of publication. In addition, he is working on a part-
time PhD in chemometric chemistry at Sultan Zainal Abidin Terengganu
University.

88

ENV26
Depth Profiling of Selected Physical Parameters in Lake Kenyir, Terengganu

Edmand Andrew Bedurus, Norensatila Abdullah, Nur Amalina Anati Abdullah and Suhaimi Suratman
Institute of Oceanography and Environment,

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Monthly depth profiling of selected physical parameters (temperature, pH, DO) was conducted in the Lake
Kenyir, Terengganu, Malaysia. The study was conducted to clarify the changes of the selected physical
parameters by depth, which may influence the behaviour of the aquatic life in the reservoir. Monthly
samplings were conducted from April 2014 to June 2015 at the western part of Lake Kenyir, Terengganu.
The findings showed that the temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) may change drastically at 10
– 15 m depth at most of the selected stations. Water transparency varies from ~2.7 m to 4.5 m. Total
suspended solid (TSS) showed obvious increment at 15 m downwards at 3 selected stations (T3: at the
middle part of Lake Kenyir, T7: near to Sultan Mahmud Power Station, T10: at the passage to Taman
Negara Terengganu) for almost every month. Interestingly, the chl-a was abundantly distributed at 15 m
– 25 m depth, especially from June 14 to Oct 14. It is suggested that monitoring of the selected physical
parameters should be carried out continuously for proper management of Lake Kenyir.
Keywords: Chlorophyll-a; depth profiling; Lake Kenyir; physical parameters; total suspended solid.
BIOGRAPHY

The presenting author is currently at the final stage of his PhD study. He
graduated with a master's degree in chemical sciences from the Universiti
Malaysia Terengganu in 2014. Currently, the author research of interest is the
distribution of nutrients in Lake Kenyir, Terengganu.

89

ENV27

Public Ambient Non Ionizing Radiation Exposure Level At Selected Area
Around Malaysia

Nurul Syazwani Mohd Zailani1, Nor Hazmin Sabri1,*, Roslan Umar2, Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali3, Roha
Tukimin4 and Nurul Husna Binti MD Khairuddin Pang1

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Nerus, Malaysia

2East Coast Environmental Research Institute (ESERI),
Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Gong Badak Campus, 21300 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3Faculty of Science and Technology,
Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

4Radiation Safety and Health Division,
Malaysia Nuclear Agency, Bangi, 43000, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Prioritizing sustainable environmental well-being is a worthwhile endeavour. Apart from water, air and
land pollution, a growing concern towards exposure to radiofrequency-electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF)
called non-ionizing radiation (NIR), particularly from telecommunications sources should be addressed.
NIR is one of the most common and fastest growing anthropogenic factors on the environment due to
advancement in wireless technology. In many countries, humans are protected from excessive RF EMF
exposure by safety standards that are based on guidelines by the International Commission on Non-
Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Whether the ICNIRP guidelines for humans is adequate to
provide protection to the environment is a subject of active debate. In this study, the measurement of
NIR exposure level in term of electric field (V/m) was conducted at selected sites around Malaysia based
on anthropogenic factor. The exposure levels were compared to the ICNIRP standard reference level
and they show good agreement with the recommendation limit. The exposure level shows an increase
trend with the increase of human activity. This study findings will help future RF-EMF temporal study to
monitor and control the exposure. This is due to the numerous study findings proved that and repetitive
exposure from RF-EMF has a negative effect on living things including humans, plants and animals. The
findings will also identify gaps in knowledge, recommend future research and inform environmental and
radiation protection authorities.

Keywords: Anthropogenic Factor; Exposure Level; Non Ionizing Radiation; Radio Frequency;
Electromagnetic Field.

BIOGRAPHY

Nurul Syazwani Binti Mohd Zailani obtained her bachelor degree in applied
physics from Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM). She interested in
electromagnetism study and involved in public non-ionizing radiation level
assessment in Malaysia for health monitoring purpose. She is now doing her
master study in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu under Nanophysics department
there.

90

ENV28

Radionuclides Content and Radiation Risk Assessment of Surface Soils
Surrounding Temenggor Forest Reserved, Gerik, Perak

Nursyairah Arshad1,2, Misbah Hassan1,2, Nor Aizam Adnan3 and Rozita Osman1*
1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam
2Institute of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam.

3Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Natural and artificial radioisotopes occurrence on the earth’s surface and the crust might raise concern
to the environment in terms of their radiation risk. Their occurrence in the environment can be measured
through the evaluation of soil from the targeted areas. This study aimed to assess the radionuclides
content including thorium-232, uranium-238 and potassium-40 in surface soil samples from Temenggor
Forest Reserved areas. The radiation assessment of the environment was done by calculating the
Radium Equivalent (Raeq), Absorbed Dose Rate (AD), Outdoor Annual Effective Dose (AED) and
External Hazard Index (Hex). The surface soil samples were collected from twelve locations surrounding
Temenggor Forest Reserved using a hand auger. The radionuclides content was measured using Energy
Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) Spectrometer and converted to activity concentration for the
risk assessment calculation. The activity concentration of 232Th, 238U and 40K was found to be in the range
of 28.92-179.92, 32.56-110.10 and 214.45-1083.38 Bq/kg, respectively. The values of Raeq, AD, AED
and Hex obtained were in the range of 103.90-312.17 Bq/kg, 49.99-149.65 (nGy/h), 0.06-0.18 mSv/y and
0.29-0.86, respectively. The results showed the activity concentration and radiation risk were higher than
the limit set by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR 2000)
at certain study locations. However, the AED and Hex were very low compared to UNSCEAR 2000 limit.
The high content of radionuclides might be caused by the types of soils and rocks as well as the
anthropogenic sources from past activity in this area.
Keywords: Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence; Perak; Radionuclides; Risk Assessment; Surface
Soil
BIOGRAPHY

My name is Nursyairah Binti Arshad. I’m graduates of Universiti Teknologi
MARA, Shah Alam in Master of Sciences (RESEARCH) Applied Chemistry
(Graduated on 2017). Currently persuade my study for Doctor of Philosophy
(Sciences), in the same university start from 2019 under supervision of Dr
Rozita Osman as main supervisor. I have a few experienced in research work
as Research Assistant collaborated with TNBR and Nuclear Malaysia. Been
involved in many sampling activities for environmental studies since my
degree for the past 9 years. Interested in environmental studies, radiation
energy and related fields.

91

ENV29

Assessment of Water Footprint in Selected Power Plants for Peninsular
Malaysia

Masitah Alias, Ahmad Rosly Abbas and Nurfaziera Rahim

Built Environment & Climate Change Unit
TNB Research Sdn.Bhd.

No. I Jalan Ayer Hitam, Kawasan Penyelidikan
45000, Kajang Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

By 2030, global demand for fresh water will outstrip supply. Increasing awareness of the importance of
fresh water usage is a crucial challenge to the long-term sustainability of the power generation sector.
Unlike fossil fuels, there are no sustainable alternatives to water. In response to the increasing population,
demand for natural resources has increased at an unprecedented rate. Due to limited availability and
unsustainable use, rising demand creates environmental issues. The situation is deteriorating as a result
of the compounding increase in water and energy use caused by the impact of climate change on the
surrounding atmosphere. The aim of this study is to establish Water Footprint and Water Impact Index,
as well as to propose mitigation actions for a more sustainable use of the fresh water resources. The
range of blue and grey WF from gas and coal-fired power plants is from 0.0261 to 0.0633 m3/MWh and
0.2033 to 0.2366 m3/MWh respectively whereas WF from hydropower reservoir due to evaporative losses
of water from reservoir for power generation is from 1.39-246 m3/MWh. The large variation of WFs at
hydropower reservoirs are mainly due to climatic factors, artificial lake surface, which is based on the
power plants infrastructures and geography as well as electricity output. For improvement, WFs for
thermal and hydropower production we are proposed to implement water reclamation in order to reduce
our dependency and risk exposure on water supply interruptions and preventing water loss in water
reservoirs.

Keywords: Water footprint, Water Impact Index, Power Generation, Water Reclamation, Floating Solar

BIOGRAPHY

Masitah binti Alias is a Principal Researcher in the Built Environment & Climate
Change unit at TNB Research Sdn. Bhd. Her research focuses on a particular
study to access alternative water sources, and she has also been trained by
Veolia Water Berhad to lead projects related to water reclamation to reduce
water footprint in the energy and industrial sectors. In 2018, she designed a
pilot mobile water treatment plant using green technology to treat a wide range
of water resources while also providing valuable reference data for the design
of a full scale and proof of performance before undertaking on large-scale
development of water reclamation plants using the MLD approach. Dr. Masitah
received her Bachelor of Science in Applied Chemistry in 2003 and her Master
of Science in Environmental Chemistry in 2005. In 2014, she received her PhD
in Applied Chemistry from UiTM Shah Alam, under the supervision of Associate
Prof. Zaini B. Hamzah. In her thesis, she developed a method for simultaneous
measurement gross alpha and beta in aqueous environmental samples. She
has also been a member of the Malaysian Institute of Chemistry (ChM
2085/2007), the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS), and the
Malaysian Nuclear Society (MNS) since 2008.

92

ENV32
Risk Assessment on The Water Quality of Sungai Buloh River and Estuary

Laily Hunawatun Sani1, Muhammad Aiman Ariffin1, Anati Wardina Johari1, Dzulaikha Khairuddin1, Meng
Chuan Ong2, Hasrolnizam Shaari3, Marfiah Ab Wahid1,*

1Micropollutants and Pathogens in Water Research, School of Engineering, College of Engineering,
Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor

2 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus,
Terengganu, Malaysia

3 Lembaga Urus Air Selangor, Tingkat 13, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, No 3, Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14,
40000 Shah Alam, Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
River water assessment is needed to establish the potential mitigation regarding the reduction of water
quality in the river and estuary. Therefore, this research aims to assess the water quality in Sungai Buloh
river and estuary, evaluate the potential risk using the Risk Quotient (RQ) approach, and determine the
mitigation for this problem. The assessment was carried out from February to June 2022 in eight (8)
sampling points alongside Sungai Buloh river and one (1) sampling point at the estuary, particularly at
the blood cockle farm. The results show that the turbidity, COD, ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3H), and copper
(Cu) exceeded the permittable limit of Standard Class II NWQS for Malaysia. The high loads of turbidity,
COD, NH3H, and heavy metals (copper and zinc) in the river were possibly sourced from industrial
effluents, landfills, and the residential area nearby. The RQ values of turbidity, NH3H, COD, and Cu were
indicating a high risk (H) of harming the river water and blood cockles’ ecosystem at the estuary.
Meanwhile, TDS and Zn contamination were categorized as moderate risk (M). The water quality
parameter, particularly the parameters with a high risk, must be mitigated and controlled to prevent a
severe and long-lasting impact on the river and blood cockles’ production. The recommended risk
mitigation includes the preventive approach, installation of a water quality monitoring station, and multi-
stage treatments for water pollution.
Keywords: Risk Quotient; risk mapping; Sungai Buloh river and estuary; water quality.
BIOGRAPHY

Marfiah Ab.Wahid is a senior lecturer at College of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam. She is a lecturer in Civil Engineering Studies. Her
study and course are focused on the field of the environment. Graduated in the
field of Civil Engineering with Bachelor's Degree at Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM) and pursued a Master's degree in Environment at Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM). She graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental
Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan.

93

ENV33

Mapping of Pollutants Inventory From Point Sources In Sungai Buloh That
Affect Cockles Using GIS Software

Muhammad Aiman Ariffin1, * Laily Hunawatun Sani1, Anati Wadina Johari1, Dzulaikha Khairuddin1,
Marfiah Ab Wahid1,*, Meng Chuan Ong2, Hasrolnizam Shaari3

1Micropollutants and Pathogens in Water Research, School of Engineering, College of Civil
Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor

2 Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Teregganu, Malaysia

3 Lembaga Urus Air Selangor, Tingkat 13, Bangunan Darul Ehsan, No 3, Jalan Indah, Seksyen 14,
40000 Shah Alam, Selangor

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Malaysia is a developing country and has a rapid urbanization and population growth. Hence, rivers in
Malaysia tend to be expose towards pollution from point and non-point sources. Malaysia is the largest
exporter of adult cockles in Southeast Asia. The production of cockles in Malaysia is dependent on the
quality of the river water. Sungai Buloh River is located near the cockle farming area, which is in Jeram,
Kuala Selangor. Several locations located at upstream of the river until the estuary was chosen as the
sampling location. The sampling was taken for approximately one month duration. In-situ and laboratory
analysis were conducted to determine the physical and chemical parameters of water. Total Maximum
Daily Load (TMDL) is the amount of pollutant loading entering the waterbody. The QGIS 3 Software was
used to portray the Total Maximum Daily Load at Sungai Buloh River. The Total Maximum Daily Load of
each chemical parameters was compared with the Class IIA/IIB of National Water Quality Standards
which is suitable for fisheries. Based on the analysis taken, chemical oxygen demand is the only
parameter that has high TMDL result compared to ammoniacal nitrogen, zinc, and copper. Thus, the
identification of Total Maximum Daily Load at Sungai Buloh River is important in this study. Proper
mitigation such as proper monitoring and public engagement needs to be conducted in reducing the
water pollution in Sungai Buloh River. This research aim is to identify the pollutant sources, concentration
of pollutants, and mapping the Total Maximum Daily Load.

Keywords: Cockles; Pollution; Total Maximum Daily Load; QGIS 3 Software; National Water Quality
Standards.

BIOGRAPHY

Marfiah Ab.Wahid is a senior lecturer at College of Engineering, Universiti
Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam. She is a lecturer in Civil Engineering Studies. Her
study and course are focused on the field of the environment. Graduated in the
field of Civil Engineering with Bachelor's Degree at Universiti Teknologi MARA
(UiTM) and pursued a Master's degree in Environment at Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia (UKM). She graduated with a Doctor of Philosophy in Environmental
Engineering from Kyoto University, Japan.

94

FAT02

Physicochemical and Sensory Analysis of Dried Rice Ball Meal (DRBM) Using
Brown Rice

Nur Ain Syuhada Zamri1, Nur Zafirah Roslan1 and Shahrulzaman Shaharuddin2,*

1Section of Food Engineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian Institute
of Chemical and Bioengineering Technology, Lot 1988 Vendor City, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah,

Melaka, Malaysia

2Plant Engineering Technology Section, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Branch Campus Malaysian
Institute of Industrial Technology, Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu, Bandar Seri Alam, 81750 Johor Bahru,

Johor, Malaysia
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Creating dried nutritious meal is an essential process, where such meal can be consumed during any
emergency scenarios such as war, disease outbreak, or natural disasters. The dried rice ball meal was
produced with brown rice as the main ingredient in this study. The objective of this study is to evaluate
the effect of brown rice percentage (83.3%, 87.5% and 90.0%) on the dried rice ball meal (DRBM). The
DRBM was prepared, shaped, and fried using an air-fryer. Physical analysis of the texture and colour of
the DRBM were conducted. Meanwhile, a chemical proximate analysis was carried out to determine the
moisture content, ash, fat, protein, carbohydrate, and energy. After carrying out the analyses, the sensory
evaluation by using the Hedonic scale was conducted with 50 panelists. The best result for physical and
chemical characteristics were obtained from the sample of 87.5% brown rice percentage. While the
sensory evaluation result demonstrated the values for 350g of brown rice (87.5%) sample were not
significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the highest score for all of the sensory attributes obtained by
the control sample. Thus, the sample of 87.5% DRBM had the best physicochemical properties according
to the analyses conducted, with a high acceptance rate by the panelists.

Keywords: brown rice; dried nutritious meal; air fryer; proximate; sensory

BIOGRAPHY

The name of the presenter is Nur Ain Syuhada Binti Zamri, a postgraduate
student in Master of Engineering Technology (Chemical Engineering) at UniKL
MICET, Melaka. She is also a graduate of Chemical Engineering Technology
(Food) in Bachelor. Spending almost 7 years in the Food Technology field, her
interest of research would be food analysis, along with its correlation with
microbiological studies.

95

FAT03

Application of 1H-NMR metabolomics to evaluate the relationship between metabolite
profiling and antioxidant properties of Malaysian stingless bee honey

Kok Suet Cheng1, Cheang Khai Ming1, Desy Fitrya Syamsumir2, R. Rudiyanto3, Wan Iryani Wan Ismail1,
Ahmad Nazif Aziz1, Faridah Abas4 and M. Maulidiani1*

1Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

2Institute of Marine Biotechnology,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

3Faculty of Fisheries and Food Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,
21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu

4Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This study presents the relationship between metabolite profiling and antioxidant properties of stingless
bee honey from different native species in Malaysia using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR)
metabolomics. Antioxidant properties such as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical
scavenging activity and total phenolic content (TPC) were measured from five different species including
Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, Tetrigona apicalis, Lophotrigona caniforn, and Tetrigona
binghami. In total, 32 metabolites of stingless bee honey were identified based on its 1H-NMR spectra.
Principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) were used
to discriminate stingless bee honey samples based on its species, while partial least squares (PLS)
model was used to correlate the metabolites with their antioxidant properties. According to the PLS-DA
model, H. itama samples were clearly discriminated from other species. G. thoracica and T. binghami
have the similar chemical characteristics whereas L. coniforn and T. apicalis shared their similarity. The
PLS model showed phenolic acids, amino acids (alanine, leucine, glutamic acid, glutamine, isoleucine,
valine, and tyrosine) and organic acids (citric acid, acetic acid, methylmalonic acids) were the main
metabolites that corresponding to antioxidant activity. Throughout the study, the native T. apicalis
exhibited the highest potential as antioxidant agent. In conclusion, 1H NMR metabolomics is a useful
technique in assessing the quality of stingless bee honey.
Keywords: Stingless bee honey;1H-NMR spectroscopy; metabolomics; PLS model; antioxidant; amino
acids; organic acids

BIOGRAPHY

Kok Suet Cheng currently is a postgraduate student (MSc in Natural Products) at
the Chemical Sciences Program, Faculty of Science and Marine Environment,
Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Her study involves the use of metabolomics
technique in the determination of bioactive compounds of honey from different
species using various analytical tools such as ATR-FTIR, NMR, HPLC and LCMS.

96

FAT04

4-Acetylpyridine Thiosemicarbazone as Multifunctional Food Spoilage
Inhibitor: Enzyme Kinetic, DFT and Molecular Docking

Nurul Amanina Hassanuddin, Erna Normaya Abdullah and Mohammad Norazmi Ahmad*

Experimental and Theoretical Research Laboratory, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic
University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang,

Malaysia.
*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Food safety is a very important topic nowadays as everyone is more aware about what they eat and
consume in order to have a healthy body. Thus, the concerned to find a safer food arise and had urged
the scientists and researchers to create something that can inhibit the food spoilage. Food spoilage can
undergo physical damage and chemical changes, such as lipid oxidation, color changes, taste changes
or undesirable flavours and odours resulting from microbial growth and the product’s associated
metabolism. Therefore, inhibitors are built to prevent the oxidation, microbial growth and also the enzyme
such as tyrosinase that can lead to food spoilage. They are also known as antityrosinase, antioxidant and
antimicrobial. Thiosemicarbazones and phenolic aldehyde are the compounds that can exhibit the
biological activities to inhibit food spoilage. In this study, synthesis of food additives by combining these
two bioactive compounds will be developed into one molecular structure. As the result, this multifunctional
food additives will be expected to prevent food spoilage. The effectiveness of this designed compound
will be evaluated by combining the experimental and theoretical approaches. Experimentally, the
synthesized compound will be analyzed using DPPH scavenging activity, in-vitro microbial activity and
tyrosinase. Theoretically, the mechanistic reaction of food inhibition spoilage will be assessed by studying
its types of interaction, binding affinity, and protein complex interaction stability using molecular docking.
Plus, DFT approach will be used to study the structure-activity relationship based on chemical properties
such as HOMO and LUMO. From the study, the potential of the synthesized multifunctional inhibitor will
be discovered.
Keywords: 4-acetylpyridine DFT; food spoilage; molecular docking
BIOGRAPHY

Nur Amanina Hassanuddin is a Master’s degree student from International Islamic
University Malaysia. Her research focuses on environmental and computational
chemistry

97

GRE01

Sodium Alginate Immobilized β-Cyclodextrin/Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
as a Hybrid Hydrogel Adsorbent for Perfluorinated Compounds Removal

Aiza Farhani Zakaria1, Sazlinda Kamaruzaman1,2*, Norizah Abdul Rahman1,3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia

2Natural Medicines and Product Research Laboratory (Naturmeds), Institute of Bioscience (IBS),
Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang Selangor, Malaysia

3 Materials Processing and Technology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology,
Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT
Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is one of the major perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) contaminating
the global water resources, and leading to a severe environmental problem. PFOS is considered
anthropogenic organic micropollutant that is ubiquitously found to be raw material to fabricate many
consumer products due to its high chemical stable C-F bond of the fluorinated chain. As the current
conventional water treatment fails to remove PFOS, a new green antecedent adsorbent is fundamentally
required to design to resolve water contamination challenges by developing an adsorbent based on hybrid
hydrogel technology. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the adsorption capacity
on sodium alginate immobilized β-cyclodextrin and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (SA-β-CD/CNTs)
hybrid hydrogel. Besides, the efficacy of the SA-β-CD/CNTs hybrid hydrogel was thoroughly investigated
with several operative variables such as adsorbent dosage, initial concentration, pH and contact time.
The optimum adsorption conditions that gave the highest percentage of 91.6 % for PFOS removal were
1000 mg of adsorbent dosage, 10 mg/L of PFOS solution, pH 5, and a contact time of 45 min. SA-β-
CD/CNTs hybrid hydrogel could be reused multiple times with no obvious decrease in the removal
efficiency. Hence, this work provides a feasible approach in developing a hybrid hydrogel adsorbent that
could be used as a high-performance adsorbent to remediate PFOS in water treatment application.

Keywords: perfluorinated compounds, adsorption, hybrid hydrogel

BIOGRAPHY

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) candidate, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Research
interests: Analytical chemistry, green chemistry, environmental chemistry

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