QLASSIC SLIDE

DEFECT PICTURES

Plumbing fittings : Pipes

Joint not neat

Pipes not parallel
to building surface

102

BASIC M&E FITTINGS:

Plumbing fittings

Item Defect Group Standard Tolorence Assessment Tool
Joints and Gaps
No visible gap Visual
Consistent joints width and neat Visual
Joints properly sealed and marked Visual

Alignment and Evenness Aligned, levelled and straight Visual
Materials and Damages Visual
No visible damages/defects (i.e., chipping or
Functionality and Safety cracks) Visual
No stain marks (i.e., paint drops or mortar
Fittings droppings) Visual
Consistent color tone Visual
No operational defects Visual
No leakage at joints Physical
Securely fixed Visual and Physical
Fittings in working condition
Visual
Accessible for maintanance
Visual
All sensors covers properly sealed againts water
seepage Visual
Accessories Defects No missing accessories Visual
(Moveable parts: eg., screw, No visible damages/defects
capping, shower rose) Accessories with good fit and no stains Visual

103

DEFECT PICTURES

Plumbing fittings: Fittings

Poor jointing between pipe
and water tap (exposed pipe
jointing from internal wall)

104

BASIC M&E FITTINGS

Mechanical & Electrical fittings

Item Defect Group Standard Tolorence Assessment Tool

Installation ( include Joints and Gaps No visible gaps Visual
power point, telephone Consistent joints width and neat Visual
point, air-cond diffuser, Alignment and Neat patch-up for marking/penetration Visual
Evenness No visible gap between switches and walls Visual
fan coil unit, lighting, Aligned, levelled and straight Visual & Spirit level
smoke alarm, sprinkler Materials and Heights of switch and marks should be consistent Visual
Damages Visual
heads, CATV/CCTV No visible damages/defects
camera, speakers, alarm Functionality and No stain marks Visual
Safety Visual
system, etc ) Consistent color tone
No operational defects Physical and Visual
Physical
Securely fixed, functional and safe
Switch can properly function Tested Physical
minimum 1 Visual
time

Accessories Defects No missing accessories Visual
(Moveable parts; e.g No visible damages/defects
Visual
screw, capping, Accessories with good fit and no stains
switches button)

105

DEFECT PICTURES

Mechanical & Electrical fittings

Switches not aligned

Paint stain Visible gaps between
switches and wall

106

ARCHITECTURAL WORKS

• Internal finishing Form: (Basic M&E Fittings)

110077

DEFECTS
CLASSIFICATION

EXTERNAL WORK

108

EXTERNAL WORK

No. Elements

1. Link-way/Shelter
2. External Drain
3. Roadwork and parking bay on the ground
4. Footpaths and turfing
5. Fence and Gate
6. Swimming Pool
7. Playground
8. Court
9. Electrical substation
10 Guard House
11 Bin Centre

EXTERNAL WORK:

Link way & shelter

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Finishing No stain marks Tool 1 Floor
Consistent color and good paintwork 2 Column
Alignment and No rough/patchy surface Visual 3 Ceiling
Evenness Evenness of surface 4 Fixtures
Edge to be straight Visual 5 Basic M&E fittings
Materials and No visible damages/defects
Damages No missing or defective accessories Visual 110
No sign of corrosion
Functionality Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual
Joints and gap
Consistent joints width and neat Visual
No visible gaps for M&E fittings
Visual

Visual

Visual

Visual &
physical

Visual

Visual

DEFECT PICTURES

Linkway / Shelter

Crack and unevenness
of floor surface

111

EXTERNAL WORK

External drain: Drain

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 Drain 1
Finishing No stain marks Visual 2 Drain 2
No rough/patchy surface Visual 3 Drain cover 1
Alignment and Finishes must be even, level, aligned and Visual 4 Drain cover 2
Evenness consistent 5 Inspection chamber
Level and do not wrap or rock Visual
Material and No visible cracks and damages Visual
Damages
Free flowing and no water ponding, no Visual
Functionality siltation
Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual &
physical
Joints and Gaps Consistent joints width and neat Visual

112

EXTERNAL WORK

External drain: Drain cover/ Inspection Chamber

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 Drain 1
No stain marks Visual 2 Drain 2
3 Drain cover 1
Finishing No patchiness & brush marks Visual 4 Drain cover 2
No sign of corrosion on the drain grating 5 Inspection chamber
Visual
Drain grating properly painted
Visual
Finishes must be even, level, aligned and
consistent Visual
Alignment Level and do not wrap or rock
and Evenness Visual &
Physical
Cover to be level with frame
No visible cracks and damages Visual

Fixtures installed must be safe, secured and Visual
functional
Material and Visual &
Damages Physical

113

EXTERNAL WORK:

External drain: Drain cover/ Inspection Chamber

Defect Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Group Tool 1 Drain 1
2 Drain 2
Functionality Free flowing and no water ponding Visual 3 Drain cover 1
Visual 4 Drain cover 2
Drain grating to be safely and securely fixed and 5 Inspection chamber
functional Visual
Consistent joints width and neat Steel
Gap between drain covers measuring
tape
Joints and Gap between sides of drain 5-10 mm Steel
Gaps wide measuring
tape
Inspection chambers are level with surroundings 5-10 mm Visual & Steel
without depression and with tolerance of 20mm wide measuring
for protrusion tape

114

DEFECT PICTURES

External drain

Gap between drain covers not Gap between drain
within 5-10mm wide covers and side drain not
within 5-10mm wide

115

EXTERNAL WORK:

Road work & car park on the ground

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Finishing Tool 1 Road surface
No stain marks Visual 2 Road marking
Alignment and Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 3 Kerb
Evenness No rough/patchy surface 4 Road Sign
Evenness of surface Visual 5 Road Lightings
Materials and Edge to be straight Visual
Damages No water ponding Visual
No visible damages/defects Visual
Functionality No missing or defective accessories Visual
Joints and gap No sign of corrosion Visual
Securely fixed, functional and safe
Visual
Consistent joints width and neat Visual and
No visible gaps for M&E fittings
physical
Visual

Visual

116

DEFECT PICTURES

Road work & car park on the ground

Bituminous / Tack
coat stain

Visible crack on
kerb

Ponding due to Road marking not
unevenness according to
surface drawings

117

EXTERNAL WORK

Footpath & Turfing

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessmen No. Item
t Tool 1 Foothpath 1
2 Foothpath 2
Finishing No stain marks Visual 3 Turfing
Consistent color and good paintwork 4 Lighting
Visual Fixtures (eg. fixed benches,

Alignment and No rough/patchy surface Visual 5 signage, railing, etc)
Evenness Evenness of surface Visual
Edge to be straight Visual
No visible damages/defects Visual
No missing or defective accessories Visual

Materials and No sign of corrosion Visual
Damages No depression or bald patches Visual

Turfing done evenly, no dead grass or Visual
weeds
Functionality Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual and
physical
Consistent joints width and neat Visual
Joints and gap No visible gaps for M&E fittings
Visual

118

DEFECT PICTURES

Footpath & Turfing

Water ponding Turfing not
done evenly
Stain mark Visible crack
119

EXTERNAL WORKS

• External Work Form 1

112200

EXTERNAL WORK

Playground Standard Tolorence Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 Floor finish
Defect Group No stain marks 2 Playground equipment
Finishing Consistent color and good Visual 3 Lighting
paintwork 4 Side drain
Alignment and Evenness No rough/patchy surface Visual Fixtures (eg. fencing, fixed
Evenness of surface 5 benches, signage, etc)
Materials and Damages Edge to be straight Visual
Functionality Free flowing of water Visual 121
Joints and gap No water ponding with no Visual
siltation Visual
No visible damages/defects Visual

Visual

No missing or defective Visual
accessories Visual
No sign of corrosion
Securely fixed, functional and Visual
safe Visual
Consistent joints width and
neat
No visible gaps for M&E fittings

DEFECT PICTURES

Playground

Damages on playground Signages should
equipment be securely fixed
and no damages
Floor mat should be Compound
consistent in colour Lighting should be 122
tone, no damage and securely fixed and
no stain no damages

EXTERNAL WORK

Court

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 Floor 1 (Inside court)
No stain marks Visual 2 Floor 2 (Outside court)
Visual 3 Signages
Finishing Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 4 Basic M&E Fittings
No rough/patchy surface Visual Permanant Fixtures (eg., net post,
Visual 5 fencing, fixed bench, etc)
Alignment and Evenness of surface Visual
Evenness Edge to be straight Visual 123
No water ponding
Visual
No visible damages/defects
Visual
Materials and No missing or defective accessories
Damages
No sign of corrosion

Functionality Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual
Consistent joints width and neat Visual

Joints and gaps No visible gaps for M&E fittings

DEFECT PICTURES

Court

Water ponding Gate & accessories
should be free from
damages and function

124

EXTERNAL WORK

Fence & Gates

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Finishing Tool 1 Fence 1
No stain marks 2 Fence 2
Alignment and Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 3 Gate
Evenness No rough/patchy surface Visual 4 Basic M&E fittings
Evenness of surface Visual 5 Permanent fixtures
Materials and Edge to be straight Visual
Damages Piers and gate to be vertical, perpendicular Visual 125
and straight.Gate to be parallel and aligned Visual
Functionality No visible damages/defects
Joints and gaps No missing or defective accessories Visual
No sign of corrosion
Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual
Visual
Consistent joints width and neat Visual and
No visible gaps for M&E fittings physical
Visual

Visual

DEFECT PICTURES

Fence & Gates

Corrosion

126

EXTERNAL WORK

Swimming pool

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Finishing Tool 1 Fence 1
No stain marks 2 Fence 2
Alignment and Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 3 Gate
Evenness No rough/patchy surface Visual 4 Basic M&E fittings
Evenness of surface Visual 5 Permanent fixtures
Materials and Edge to be straight Visual
Damages No visible damages/defects Visual 127
No missing or defective accessories Visual
Visual
No sign of delamination
Physical and
No sign of corrosion visual
No chockage Visual
Securely fixed, functional and safe
Visual

Functionality Visual and
physical
Consistent joints width and neat Visual
Joints and gaps No visible gaps for M&E fittings
Visual

DEFECT PICTURES

Swimming pool

Crack & damages on
floor finishes

128

EXTERNAL WORKS

• External Work Form 2

112299

EXTERNAL WORK

Electrical Sub-station

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 External wall 1
Finishing No stain marks 2 External wall 2
Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 3 Door & Window
Alignment and No rough/patchy surface Visual 4 Fence & Gate
Evenness Evenness of surface Visual 5 Apron & perimeter drain
Edge to be straight Visual
Materials and Visual
Damages No visible damages/defects
No missing or defective accessories Visual
Functionality No sign of corrosion Visual
Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual
Visual and
Consistent joints width and neat physical
Joints and gaps No visible gaps for M&E fittings
Visual
Visual

130

DEFECT PICTURES

Electrical Sub-station

Inconsistent
colour tone

Damages on
door leaf

Paint stain
Visible crack

131

EXTERNAL WORK

Guard House

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 External wall
Finishing No stain marks 2 Apron & drain
Visual 3 Barrier
Alignment and Consistent color and good Visual 4 Door and window
Evenness paintwork 5 Roof
No rough/patchy surface Visual
Materials and Visual 132
Damages Evenness of surface Visual
Visual
Functionality Edge to be straight Visual
No visible damages/defects
Visual
No missing or defective Visual and
accessories physical
No sign of corrosion Visual
Securely fixed, functional and safe
Visual
Consistent joints width and neat
Joints and gaps No visible gaps for M&E fittings

DEFECT PICTURES

Guard House

Paint stain &
rough surface

133

EXTERNAL WORK

Bin centre

Defect Group Standard Tolerance Assessment No. Item
Tool 1 External wall
Finishing No stain marks 2 Floor
Consistent color and good paintwork Visual 3 Apron & Drain
Alignment and No rough/patchy surface Visual 4 Door and window
Evenness Evenness of surface Visual 5 Roof
Edge to be straight Visual
Materials and Fall in the right direction Visual 134
Damages No water ponding Visual
No visible damages/defects Visual
Functionality No missing or defective accessories
No sign of corrosion Visual
Securely fixed, functional and safe Visual
Visual
Visual and
physical

Consistent joints width and neat Visual
Joints and gaps No visible gaps for M&E fittings Visual

•DEFECT PICTURES

• Bin centre

Patchy at apron Crack on floor surface

135

EXTERNAL WORKS

• External Work Form 3

113366

Topic 3:

SAMPLING
TECHNIQUES

| ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
| BASIC M&E FITTINGS
| EXTERNAL WORK

137

3.1 METHOD OF SAMPLING

Impractical to Two (2) methods of
conduction full sampling:

assessment 1) GFA of Building

2) 10m length section or
per location for External
works

Samples are Adequately represents
distributed according the entire building
project
to weightage
Guidelines for
Components

138

3.2 SAMPLING TECHNIQUES

139

Step 1: Sample Calculation

Sampling Guideline for Architectural Work

No. Elements/ Items Gross Floor Min Max Remarks
Area (GFA) sample sample
per location

1a 70m2 700 Cat A/ landed housing
70m2
1b 500m2 600 Cat B/ stratified housing
Internal Finishes 30

1c 150 Cat C/ public building without CCS

1d 500m2 100 Cat D/ public building with CCS

2 External wall --
3 Roof
50% 50% from total no of units/block

--

4 Apron & perimeter drain - 2- 10m length section
per sample

5 Car Park/Car Porch -2 Car Park/Car Porch

Skim coat & - -- Declaration by
5a project architect/ SO

pre-packed plaster - 100% -
5b Ponding Test

Refer CIS 7:2014,Table 8 (Page 9) 140

Step 1: Sample Calculation

1. The Assessor shall calculate and determine the numbers of samples according to the
sampling guidelines as specified in CIS 7 (Refer to table 8 & 9 in CIS 7:2014)

Formula to calculate the sample:

Total no of locations to be assessed for Internal Finishes assessment
= GFA ÷ 70m² (for building Cat A & Cat B)
= GFA ÷ 500m² (for building Cat C & Cat D)

Example:
Given, Total gross floor area (GFA) : 20,000m2

Category Project : A

Total Sample = GFA (Gross Floor Area)
Factor By Category

= 20,000m2
70m2

= 286 samples (Ok < max.samples)

141

Step 2: Samples Distribution

Weightage by Sample Location & Building Category

There are 3 types of sample location for the onsite assessment are as follow:

Principle Location (P) Circulation Location (C) Services Location (S)

• Major functional areas • Passage space area • Utility areas
• i.e. Halls, rooms and etc.
• i.e. Lift lobbies, • i.e. Toilets, kitchens,
corridors, staircases and balconies, yards and etc.
etc.

Category A Category B Category C Category D
(Landed (Stratified
Location Housing) Housing) ( Public Building (Public Building
40 40
Principal (%) without CCS) with CCS)
Service (%) 40 40
Circulation (%) 60 60
20 20
15 15

25 25

142

Step 2: Samples Distribution

1. The Assessor shall calculate and determine the numbers samples location (P / S /
C) according to the sampling guidelines as specified in CIS 7 (Refer to table 9 in
CIS 7:2014)

Formula to calculate samples location (P / S / C):
Total sample location = % Sample location by category (P/S/C) x Total Samples

Example:
Given, Total Samples : 286 samples
Category Project : A

Principal (P) = 40% x 286 samples
= 114.4 nos. (let say, 114)

Service (S) = 40% x 286 samples
= 114.4 nos. (let say,114)

Circulation (C) = 20% x 286 samples
= 57.2 nos. (let say, 58)

143

Step 2: Samples Distribution

2. Assessor shall determine the numbers of samples unit to be assessed.

Formula to calculate samples unit:

Total units = Total sample location (Principal, Services & Circulation)

Total sample per unit (Based on Selection Samples to be assessed)

Examples:

Based on floor plan; Selection samples to be assessed; Calculation;

Principal, P = 8 Principal, P = 4 Principal, P = 114 / 4 ≈ 29 Units
Service, S = 6 Service, S = 4 Service, S = 114 / 4 ≈ 29 Units
Circulation, C = 2 Circulation, C = 2 Circulation,C = 58 / 2 ≈ 29 Units
(Note: The numbers of selection samples shall
determine by the Assessors)

144

Step 3: Selection Samples

3. Selection of samples location or samples unit should distribute uniformly as possible throughout
the project.

Example 1 (Landed housing):
50 unit 2 storey terrace house (5 block with 10 unit/ block). Based on calculation assessor shall
be carried out 10 unit terrace house. How to distribute uniformly throughout the project?

Total unit to be assessed : 10 unit terrace house
Total numbers of block : 5 block (based on site plan)
Samples distribution = 10 unit / 5 block

= 2 unit / block

Nos.of unit Nos.of block Total unit
5
2 10
2 unit / block 10 unit

Step 3: Selection Samples

Example 2 (Statified housing):
100 unit apartment 4 storey (4 block with 25 unit/ block). Based on calculation assessor shall
be carried out 20 unit apartment. How to distribute uniformly throughout the project?

Total unit to be assessed : 20 unit terrace house
Total numbers of block : 4 block and 4 storey each block (based on site plan)
Samples distribution = 20 unit / 4 block

= 5 unit / block

Given, 5 unit / block and 4 storey / block Level Nos.of Nos.of block Total
Samples distribution by level/floor unit unit
Samples distribution = 5 unit / 4 storey 1 2 4
2 1 4 8
= 1.25 unit / storey 3 1 4 4
Therefore, min.1 unit/ storey and max. 2 unit/storey 4 1 4 4
Total 5 unit 4
20 unit

Topic 4:

METHOD OF
ASSESSMENT

MODULE 1:

| ARCHITECTURAL WORKS
| BASIC M&E FITTINGS
| EXTERNAL WORK

147

4.1 Method of Assessment

Assessment involve:

Site Inspection

• Visual assessment
• Physical Assessment

Use assessment tools as specified in CIS

• To inspect for defect
• Tapping rod, Angle mirror & others

Use assessment tools as specified in CIS

• To measure the building element is within the
specified tolerance

• L-Square, Steel gauge, spirit level & others

148

CORRECT USE OF
ASSESSMENT TOOLS

149

LIST OF TOOLS
1 Taping Rod
2 L-Square
3 Steel Wedge
4 Steel Rule
5 Spirit Level 1.2m or 0.45m
6 Angle Mirror
7 Measuring Tape

150 150

Correct use of Assessment Tools

Door leaf Door frame

steel rule

steel rule/gauge to measure gap between door leaf & door
frame (tolerance in CIS 7: size of gap <5mm).

151