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ZLATNE NITI
GOLDEN THREADS

Tapiserije s alegorijskim prikazima mjeseci iz The tapestries with allegorical depictions of the months Goran Tomljenović © Hrvatski restauratorski zavod / Croatian Conservation Institute
Riznice zagrebačke katedrale izrađene su u radio- from the Zagreb Cathedral Treasury were made in
nici Charlesa Mittéa na dvoru lorrainskog vojvode Charles Mitté’s workshop at the court of Leopold I, Duke
Leopolda I. u Nancyu. Parove mjeseci povezu- of Lorraine, in Nancy. Pairs of months are connected
ju prizori sezonskih poljskih radova. Središnje with scenes of seasonal agricultural work. The central
prikaze monumentalnih arhitektonskih perspekti- displays of monumental architectural perspectives are
va okružuju maštoviti prepleti bujnih girlandi voća surrounded by imaginatively intertwined lush garlands
i povrća, vaza s cvijećem i cvjetnim baldahinima, of fruits and vegetables, vases with flowers and floral
gusto ispunjeni životinjama te mitološkim i fanta- baldachins, densely filled with animals and mythological
stičnim bićima. Predlošci za tapiserije pripisuju se and extraordinary beings. The patterns for the tapestries
bolonjskom arhitektu, slikaru i scenografu Fran- are attributed to Francesco Galli Bibiena from Bologna,
cescu Galliju Bibieni koji je od 1707. do 1710. bio an architect, painter, and scenographer, employed at the
angažiran na lorrainskom dvoru. Nakon vjenčanja Lorraine court from 1707 to 1710. After the marriage of
Leopoldova sina Franje III. s Marijom Terezijom, Leopold’s son Francis to Maria Theresa, these opulent
raskošne tapiserije stigle su u Beč, a putova- tapestries arrived in Vienna, and, travelling through
nje europskim dvorovima završile su u Zagrebu various European courts, ended up in Zagreb after 1761.
poslije 1761. godine. Izniman rad francuskih This exceptional work of French weavers, created accord-
tkalaca nastao prema Bibienijevim nacrtima i ing to Bibiena’s sketches and scenographic imagination,
scenografskoj imaginaciji darovala je carica Marija was gifted to Bishop Franjo Thauszy by Empress Maria
Terezija biskupu Franji Thauszyju u znak zahvale Theresa as a token of gratitude for his support during the
za potporu tijekom Sedmogodišnjega rata. (VB) Seven Years’ War. (VB)

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MEĐIMURSKA POPEVKA
FOLK SONGS FROM MEĐIMURJE

Međimurska popevka dio je baštine međimur- Međimurska popevka, or folk songs from Međimur- Petra Slobodnjak © LADO Ansambl narodnih plesova i pjesama Hrvatske / LADO Natonal Folk Dance Ensemble of Croatia
ske regije i prepoznatljiv simbol nacionalnog je, is a part of this region’s heritage (on the far side
identiteta stanovništva toga područja. Iako of the Mura River), and recognisable symbol of the
je povijesno gledano bila pretežito solistički national identity of the inhabitants. Even though
vokalni izričaj koji su njegovale žene, danas historically such songs were considered predomi-
ga izvode i muškarci, pojedinci i skupine, nantly a solo vocal form for women, today they are
u vokalnim, instrumentalnim i vokalno-in- also performed by men, individually and in groups, in
strumentalnim aranžmanima (UNESCO-ov vocal, instrumental, and vocal-instrumental arrange-
Reprezentativni popis nematerijalne kulturne ments (UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible
baštine čovječanstva). Tekstovi se bave ljubav- Cultural Heritage of Humanity). The lyrics primarily
nim temama, predodžbama vezanim uz pučku deal with topics like love, concepts related to folk
pobožnost te zavičajnom tematikom uz nerijet- piety, and the homeland motif, with a frequently
ko istaknut domoljubni sentiment, a po tonu su accentuated patriotic sentiment, while their tone is
u pravilu melankoličnog prizvuka. Popevka generally melancholic. Popevka songs are performed
se izvodi u nizu društvenih prilika, te se može during various social occasions, and can be consid-
smatrati jednim od temeljnih izgradnji i njego- ered one of the fundamental means of developing
vanja osjećaja identiteta i kontinuiteta stanov- and protecting the identity and continuity among the
ništva Međimurja, što pogoduje prenošenju population of Međimurje, beneficial for the transfer
znanja i vještina na nove generacije, zahvaljuju- of knowledge and skills to new generations through
ći angažmanu pojedinaca i kulturno-umjetničkih the engagement of individuals, folk ensembles, and
društava. (MD) cultural and art societies. (MD)

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UMJETNOST VELIKE GESTE
ART OF A GRAND GESTURE

Slikar Edo Murtić (1921. - 2005.) nacionalnu Painter Edo Murtić (1921 – 2005) integrated Croatian Edo Murtić, Highway, 1952. | Goran Vranić © Moderna Galerija / National Museum of Modern Art
kulturu integrirao je u europski pokret antifašiz- national culture into the European anti-fascist move-
ma i potom visokog modernizma. Njegovi su ment, and later into high modernism. His works have
radovi izloženi u najvažnijim svjetskim muze- been exhibited in the most prominent museums in the
jima. Prepoznatljiv gestualni slikarski izraz world. His recognisable gestural painting expression was
formira se za njegova boravka u SAD-u i Kanadi formed during his stay in the United States and Canada
(1951. - 1953.), gdje na njega utječe apstrak- (1951 – 1953), where he was influenced by abstract
tni ekspresionizam. Ciklusom slika Doživlja- expressionism. His painting cycle Experiences of America,
ji Amerike, ‘putopisom’ brze vožnje urbanim a “travelogue” of a fast drive through urban territory
teritorijem s markerima progresa, u kojemu featuring markers of progress in which he connected
povezuje figurativno i apstraktno, slikarstvo the figurative and the abstract, painting with stains and
mrljama i potom kaligrafskim linijama, počinje then calligraphic lines, are considered the beginning of
‘vrijeme Murtić’, epoha njegova golemog utje- the “Murtić era”, an epoch of his immense influence on
caja na nekoliko generacija slikara u domaćem several generations of painters in the Croatian context.
kontekstu. Primorskim motivima Nove slike With his coastal motifs of New Paintings in the 1980s,
1980-ih, hrvatski mediteranski krajolik izdigao he raised the Croatian Mediterranean landscape to the
je do nacionalnog simbola. Muralima od status of a national symbol. His murals made of enamel,
emajla, mozaika i keramike ostvario je ideju mosaics, and ceramics accomplished his idea of placing
izlaska umjetnosti u javni prostor te sinteze art into public space, as well as the synthesis of art and
umjetnosti i arhitekture. (SK) architecture. (SK)

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ZAGREBAČKA KATEDRALA
ZAGREB CATHEDRAL

Zagrebačka biskupija osnovana je potkraj 11. Diocese of Zagreb was founded at the end of the 11th Nenad Gattin © Institut za povijest umjetnosti / Institute of Art History
stoljeća, a ispod današnjega gotičkog tijela kate- century, and earlier layers have been found below the
drale potvrđeni su stariji građevinski slojevi. Kate- present-day Gothic form of the cathedral. Over the years,
drala Uznesenja  Blažene Djevice Marije i svetih the Cathedral of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin
kraljeva Stjepana i Ladislava pretrpjela je tijekom Mary and the holy Kings Stephen and Ladislaus has been
povijesti  potrese, požare i ratove. S  1500 m² damaged in earthquakes, fires and wars. With a surface
površine, više od 30 m širine, ispunjena  vrijed- area of 1500 m2, a width of more than 30 m, and many
nim umjetninama, bila je spomenik ambicije valuable works of art, it was a monument to the ambi-
zagrebačkih biskupa koji su pripadali najmoćni- tion of the bishops who were among the mightiest lords
jim feudalcima kraljevstva. U 16. stoljeću kate- of the kingdom. In the 16th century, the cathedral was
drala je  zaokružena tvrđavom, koja je u mirnija surrounded by a fortress, which was transformed into a
vremena pretvorena u raskošnu nadbiskupsku luxurious archbishop’s palace during peaceful times. In
palaču. U  17. stoljeću dograđen je renesansni the 17th century, a 70m-tall Renaissance bell tower was
zvonik, visok 70 metara. Godine 1880. katedra- added. In 1880, the Cathedral was badly damaged in an
lu je teško oštetio potres. U obnovi koju je vodio earthquake. During the renovation led by the Cologne
Herman Bollé, rodom iz Kölna, sačuvano gotičko born Herman Bollé, the preserved Gothic body was given
tijelo dobilo je djelomično neogotičku ovojnicu, a a partially neo-Gothic outer layer, and two 105m-tall bell
pročelje dva zvonika, visoka 105 metara, prema towers, designed according to an idealized medieval
idealiziranoj srednjovjekovnoj slici. (ŽČ) image, were added to the façade. (ŽČ)

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MEDIČARSKI OBRT
GINGERBREAD PRODUCTION

Iako je iskon medičarskih vještina moguće potra- Under the influence of Central European culture,
žiti u djelatnosti pojedinih srednjovjekovnih gingerbread-making skills have become a branch
europskih samostana, pod utjecajem srednjoeu- of a craft existing within individual families for
ropske kulture formiraju se kao grana obrtništva generations, although it is possible to look for their
koja generacijama egzistira unutar jedne obitelji. origin in certain Medieval monasteries. Ginger-
Medičari izrađuju svijeće i proizvode od meda, a bread craftsmen also make candles and honey prod-
na području sjeverne Hrvatske njihovi su najka- ucts. In Northern Croatia, their most recognisable
rakterističniji proizvodi licitari, kolači od medenog product is gingerbread, or honey cakes, made in
tijesta u brojnim oblicima (UNESCO-ov Repre- various forms (UNESCO Representative List of the
zentativni popis nematerijalne kulturne baštine Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity). They
čovječanstva). Bojeni su jestivim bojama zagasi- are painted with edible paint in non-intense shades
tih tonova te ukrašeni na poseban način, ovisno o and decorated in a particular way, depending on the
osobnom ili obiteljskom stilu pojedinog obrtnika. personal or family style of the individual craftsmen.
Najpoznatiji oblik je svakako onaj licitarskog srca, The most famous form is certainly the gingerbread
nekad omiljenog dara s proštenja, kao never- heart (licitarsko srce), once a favourite gift during
balnog izraza naklonosti par excellence, koji feast days, representing a par excellence non-verbal
se u suvremenosti prometnuo u jedan od najpre- expression of love, which has become one of the
poznatljivijih simbola regionalnog i nacionalnog most recognisable symbols of both regional and
identiteta. (MD) national identity. (MD)

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Nina Koydl © Etnografski muzej / Etnographic Museum

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KUPA – KORANA – DOBRA – MREŽNICA – UNA
KUPA – KORANA – DOBRA – MREŽNICA – UNA

GRAD U ZVIJEZDI
STAR-SHAPED TOWN

Nakon što se pokazalo da obrambeni sustav, In 1579, when it became obvious that the defence © Digitalni tisak
zasnovan na srednjovjekovnim utvrdama, ne system based on medieval fortifications would
može zaustaviti osmanlijska osvajanja, nadvojvo- not be effective to stop Ottoman conquests, Arch-
da Karlo II. Štajerski donio je 1579. odluku o podi- duke Charles II of Styria made the decision to build
zanju moderne utvrde na prostoru između Kupe a modern fortress between the Kupa and Korana
i Korane. Utvrda, koja je obuhvaćala i gradsko Rivers. The fortress, which also encompassed an
naselje, nazvana je po svojem osnivaču Carlstadt. urban settlement, was named Carlstadt (Karlovac),
Talijanski vojni inženjeri projektirali su pravilnu after its founder. Italian military engineers designed
šesterokutnu tvrđavu unutar koje je uspostavljena a hexagonal fort with an orthogonal street network.
ortogonalna mreža ulica. Središte je činio veliki The centre had a large square, as a suitable place for
trg, mjesto postrojavanja vojske, na kojem su s army mustering, and where Franciscan and Orthodox
vremenom podignute franjevačka i pravoslavna churches, the headquarters building, and an armoury
crkva, zgrada zapovjedništva i oružana. Karlovac were eventually built. Karlovac is the earliest Europe-
je najraniji europski primjer poligonalnog utvrđe- an example of a polygonal fortification with a planned
nja s planiranom shemom blokova. Potkraj 17. urban design. The moats, still visible today, were
stoljeća dodani su i danas vidljivi opkopi. Smještaj added at the end of the 17th century. Its location on
na četiri rijeke (Kupa, Korana, Mrežnica i Dobra) i four rivers (Kupa, Korana, Mrežnica, and Dobra) and
na cestama koje su vodile do mora, izgrađenima the intersection of roads from the 18th century that
u 18. stoljeću, omogućio je znatan gospodarski lead to the coast, enabled a significant economic
razvoj Karlovca. Projektu Zvijezda u školi dodijelje- development of Karlovac as a town. The Star in School
na je Nagrada Europske baštine / nagrada Europa Project won the European Heritage Awards / Europa
Nostra. (NB) Nostra Awards. (NB)

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RASKOŠ MINIJATURA
SPLENDOUR OF MINIATURES

Prema narudžbi pomoćnoga zagrebačkog George of Steničnjak (also known as George of
biskupa Jurja iz Steničnjaka (poznatoga i kao Topusko), auxiliary bishop of Zagreb, ordered a
Juraj od Topuskog), u Zagrebu je izrađen misal missal that was made in Zagreb. It is a true small
koji je pravo malo likovno svjedočanstvo raskoši artistic testimony to the splendour of the treasuries
riznica srednjoeuropskih katedrala oko 1500. of Central European cathedrals around 1500. It was
godine. Oslikala su ga dva sitnoslikara nepozna- painted by two unknown miniaturists whose names
tih imena, ali u povijesti umjetnosti određena art historians determined according to the client.
prema naručiteljima. Stariji kasnogotički sitnosli- An earlier Late Gothic miniature painter, called the
kar, zvan Majstor biskupa Jurja, uresio je misal Master of Bishop George, decorated the Missal with
narativnim prizorima i bogatim, silovitim preple- narrative scenes and the rich, forceful intertwining of
tima vitica i povijuša, kakve nalazimo u krugu tendrils and vines, like the ones that can be found in
njemačkih umjetnika Martina Schongauera ili the circle of the German artists Martin Schongauer
Israhela van Meckenema. Sitnoslike drugoga or Israhel van Meckenem. The miniature paintings
slikara, zvanoga Bakačev Monogramist, dugo of another artist, called Bakač’s Monogramist, have
su bile pripisivane Jurju Juliju Kloviću, ali one long been attributed to George Julius Klović, but in
su djelo renesansnoga umjetnika koji je dovršio fact they are the work of a Renaissance artist who
oslik za jednoga od biskupa iz obitelji Bakač- completed the painting for one of the bishops in the
Erdödy – kardinala Tomu ili njegove nećake Ivana Bakač-Erdödy family – Cardinal Toma, or his nephews
ili (najvjerojatnije) Šimuna, zagrebačkog biskupa John or (more likely) Simon, the bishop of Zagreb
od 1518. godine. (SC) from 1518. (SC)

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© Zagrebačka nadbiskupija, Riznica zagrebačke katedrale / Zagreb Archdiocese, Treasury of the Zagreb Cathedral

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67

SEGESTICA – SISCIA – SISAK
SEGESTICA – SISCIA – SISAK

Na mjestu današnjega Siska, na desnoj obali The present-day Sisak developed on the location of Miroslav Kiš © Cropix
Kupe, postojalo je keltsko naselje Segestica, dok previous settlements. The Celtic settlement of Segestica
se na lijevoj obali razvila Siscia. Kad je Oktavi- was on the right bank of the Kupa River, while the later
jan (kasnije car August) osvojio oba naselja, Siscia developed on the left bank. When Octavian, later
Segestika je izgubila na važnosti, a Siscija je Emperor Augustus, conquered both settlements, Segesti-
postala rimski logor i civilni grad. Bila je sredi- ca lost importance, while Siscia became a Roman military
šte prerade željeza koje se koristilo za izradu camp and later a major civilian city. It was a centre for
oružja za vojsku na dunavskom limesu. U gradu processing iron used to make weapons for soldiers on
je djelovala kovnica novca, a ondje je bila smje- the Danubian border (limes). The city also had an imperial
štena i riječna flotila. U 9. stoljeću u Sisku su mint, and the Sava River fleet was stationed there. In the
stolovali knezovi koji su upravljali savsko-drav- 9th century, Sisak was ruled by princes who governed the
skim međurječjem, a nakon doseobe Mađara region between the Sava and Drava Rivers. Afterwards,
mjesto je izgubilo na važnosti. S vremenom su Sisak lost its importance due to the arrival of the Hungar-
Sisak i okolica postali vlasništvo Zagrebačko- ians. Eventually, Sisak and its surroundings became the
ga kaptola koji je u 16. stoljeću, zbog osman- property of the Chapter of Zagreb. In the 16th century,
lijske opasnosti, prema nacrtima milanskog due to Ottoman danger, the Chapter built a Renaissance
arhitekta Petra podigao renesansnu utvrdu s fortress with round towers, based on the designs of archi-
okruglim kulama. Kod te se utvrde 1593. vodila tect Pietro de Mediolanus. The Battle of Sisak was fought
bitka koja je bila prekretnica u ratovima protiv near this fortress in 1593, which represented a turning
Osmanlija. (NB) point in the wars against the Ottomans. (NB)

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PUČKA PREDVORJA RAJA
FOLK VESTIBULES TO PARADISE

Kapela sv. Martina u Starom Brodu, premda Although, the Chapel of St Martin in Stari Brod was only Goran Tomljenović © Hrvatski restauratorski zavod / Croatian Conservation Institute
je podignuta u 17. stoljeću, sažima povijest built in the 17th century, it summarizes both history and
i zemljopis: u drvenoj građi i starim postup- geography: a wooden structure built using old methods of
cima gradnje – koji su jednaki onima kojima construction – the same ones used to build both houses
su podizane kuće i svi gospodarski objekti – and all outbuildings – a memory was preserved of oak,
očuvan je spomen na šume hrasta, graba, lipe hornbeam, linden, and beech forests that “covered” this
i bukve koje su ‘pokrivale’ taj dio Europe i bile part of Europe and were the source of lumber (and fire-
izvor drvne građe (i ogrjeva) te hrane (žirova- wood) and food (acorns, hunting). It also commemorates
nje, lov). Spomen je i na ljude koji su stoljećima the people who for centuries built arks for themselves and
sebi i svojem blagu gradili korablje za plovidbu their livestock to travel through life, and in the end the
kroz život, a onda i onu najveću, Božji hram. biggest one, the temple of God. The artistic works in the
Likovna djela u kapeli sv. Martina i njezin titular chapel of St Martin, and its patron saint – whose feast-
– u čijem se blagdanu i čašćenju skriva i keltska day and worship reflect a Celtic tradition – bear witness
tradicija – svjedočanstvo su prijenosa visokih to the transmission of elevated art sources that were used
likovnih izvora kojima je stvarana kršćanska to create a Christian iconography in popular imagination,
ikonografija u pučku domišljatost s raskošnim with a lavish impression of the vestibule to Paradise. The
dojmom predvorja Raja. Obnova kapele očuvala conservation of the chapel preserved the memory of the
je spomen na samo drveno srce Europe, pa je taj very wooden heart of Europe, and this accomplishment
uspjeh nagrađen Nagradom Europske baštine / was awarded the European Heritage Awards / Europa
nagradom Europa Nostra. (SC) Nostra Awards. (SC)

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SREBRO GVOZDANSKOG
SILVER FROM GVOZDANSKO

Zrinski su velikaški rod koji je potjecao iz središ- The Zrinski were aristocrats who came from central
njih hrvatskih krajeva u zaleđu Zadra. Nakon što Croatian regions in the hinterland of Zadar. After the
su 1347. od kralja dobili Zrin, pretvorili su tu king gave them Zrin in 1347, they turned the impor-
važnu utvrdu u blizini rijeke Une u svoje novo tant fortress near the Una River into their new seat. By
sjedište. Proširujući posjede, stekli su i utvrdu expanding their estates, they acquired the Gvozdan-
Gvozdansko. U njezinoj blizini bili su rudnici sko castle with lead and silver mines in the vicinity,
olova i srebra, što je Nikoli III. omogućilo da which enabled Nicholas III to start minting his own
počne kovati vlastiti novac još 1521. Kovnica je coinage as early as 1521. The mint produced coins of
izrađivala kovanice različitih vrijednosti. Ljepo- various values. The thalers, made by Sebastian Rieder,
tom izrade ističu se taliri, djelo Sebastiana a skilled engraver of dies, stand out for their beauty.
Riedera, vještog gravera kalupa. Iako je kovnica Although the mint ceased working in 1534 after the
prestala s radom 1534., nakon smrti Nikole III., death of Nicholas III, his son Nicholas IV kept the
njegov sin Nikola IV. sačuvao je kalupe i 1554. dies and revived its work in 1554. The mint operat-
oživio njezin rad. Kovnica je radila do 1566., kad ed until 1566, when Nicholas IV, the famous defend-
je Nikola IV., slavni branitelj utvrde Siget, izgubio er of the Sziget fortress, lost his life in a final heroic
život u herojskom jurišu koji je zadivio tadašnju charge, greatly impressing the Europe of that time,
Europu, ali je time zaustavljeno napredovanje and also terminating the progress of the Ottoman
osmanlijske vojske prema Beču. (NB) army towards Vienna. (NB)

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© Ljubo Gamulin

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SNAGA VODE
POWER OF WATER

Hidroelektrana Ozalj (popularno zvana Munjara) The hydroelectric power plant in Ozalj (popularly called © Sana Vitas
najstarija je hidroelektrana u kontinentalnoj Munjara = Lightning Bolt) is the oldest hydroelectric
Hrvatskoj. Danas je ona spomenik kulture, a u plant in continental Croatia. Today, it is a cultural
povijesti Karlovca godina njezine izgradnje 1908. monument, while the year of its construction in 1908
navodi se kao međaš u razvoju industrije. Izgra- is cited as a milestone in the development of indus-
đena je u doba uspješnog karlovačkog gradona- try. It was built when Ivan Banjavčić was mayor of
čelnika Ivana Banjavčića. Svoj historicistički arhi- Karlovac. Its historicist architectural exterior, similar to
tektonski plašt, sličan srednjovjekovnoj utvrdi, a medieval castle, was designed by the famous archi-
duguje glasovitom arhitektu Hermanu Bolléu. tect Herman Bollé. The hydromechanical devices were
Hidromehaničke uređaje postavilo je poduzeće installed by F. M. Voith of St Pölten in Austria, and the
F. M. Voith iz St. Pöltena, dok su strojevi za proi- turbines for producing electricity came from Weiz. The
zvodnju struje stigli iz Weiza. Elektrana je izgrađe- power plant was built on the waterfall of the Kupa River
na na ozaljskom slapu rijeke Kupe. Od 18. kolovo- in Ozalj. Its turbines have not stopped working since
za 1908. njezine turbine nisu prestale raditi. (IČ) August 18, 1908. (IČ)

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SLOMLJENI PEJZAŽ
BROKEN LANDSCAPE

Na brdu Čukur iznad Hrvatske Kostajnice nalazi se Broken Landscape memorial, the result of a collabora- © Bosnić+Dorotić
spomen-obilježje Slomljeni pejzaž, rezultat surad- tion between the sculptural artistic expression (Petar
nje umjetničkog, kiparskog izričaja (Petar Barišić) Barišić) and architectural profession (NFO studio), is
i arhitektonske struke (studio NFO). Ta oprostore- located on Čukur hill above Hrvatska Kostajnica. The
na memorija na Gordana Lederera (1958. - 1991.), memory of Gordan Lederer (1958 – 1991), photogra-
fotografa i snimatelja koji je poginuo na radnom pher and cameraman killed by a sniper while he was
mjestu, pogođen snajperom dok je snimao hrvat- filming Croatian soldiers during the Homeland War,
ske branitelje u Domovinskom ratu, nalazi se na is located on the exact place where he died. This
samom mjestu stradanja. Tu su autori postavili is where the authors placed an oversized lens – a
predimenzioniranu leću – izgubljeni objektiv, lost camera lens, the cameraman’s only “weapon”.
jedino snimateljevo „oružje“. Staklo leće simbo- The glass in the lens is symbolically fractured by a
lički je oskvrnuto jednim metkom, kadrirajući single bullet, framing the idyllic environment – the
kroz slomljeni okvir idilični okoliš – snimateljev last thing the cameraman saw – with a broken frame.
posljednji pogled. Karakter kontemplacije doziran The character of contemplation is accompanied with
je vijugavom prilaznom stazom, koncipiranom a winding path, designed as the life journey of the
kao životni put poginulog. Lokacija spomenika deceased. The location of the monument dislocated
dislociranog od grada kompenzirana je neoče- from the city is offset by an unexpected segment –
kivanim segmentom – odbljeskom, vidljivim iz reflection visible from the Una Valley in sequences,
doline Une u sekvencama, u ranim jutrima kad se in the early mornings when the sun is reflected in
sunce s istoka ogleda u slomljenoj leći, suptilno a broken lens from the east, subtly reminiscent of
podsjećajući na sam spomenik, Gordana Ledere- the monument itself, Gordan Lederer and the loss
ra i čin stradanja. (ID) of life. (ID)

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PUT KULTURE ŽELJEZA
PATH OF IRON CULTURE

Industrijska baština izniman je povijesni i kultur- Industrial heritage is an extraordinary historical and © Gradski muzej Sisak / Sisak City Museum
ni resurs koji je obilježio razvoj grada Siska. cultural resource that has marked the development of
Geostrateška pozicija Siska vezana uz blizinu the city of Sisak. The geostrategic position of Sisak in the
izvora željezne rude na Zrinskoj gori utjecala je proximity of an iron ore mine on Zrinska Gora Mountain
na kontinuitet života od prapovijesnih razdoblja has influenced the continuity of life from the prehistoric
i rimske Siscije sve do današnjih dana. Taj „Put period and Roman Siscia until the present day. This “Path
kulture željeza“ Sisak ističe na europskoj karti of Iron Culture” highlights Sisak on the map of Europe
i stvara poveznicu s kulturnom rutom Vijeća and creates a link to the Council of Europe’s cultural
Europe „Central European Iron Trial“. Tvornice route “The Central European Iron Trail”. Factories such
kao što su Željezara, Rafinerija i Segestica, odre- as Željezara, Rafinerija and Segestica defined the course
dile su razvojni put ne samo grada Siska nego i of development not merely of the city of Sisak but of the
cijele županije i šire regije. Industrija s dugom whole county, and even the wider region. Its industry,
tradicijom i vrijedni primjeri industrijske arhitek- with a long tradition and valuable examples of industri-
ture, razvijena svijest o važnosti očuvanja i vizija al architecture, as well as developed awareness of the
razvojnog potencijala rezultirala je otvorenjem importance of preserving and envisioning its develop-
„Holandske kuće“, prvog informativnog centra mental potential, has resulted in opening the ”Dutch
namijenjenog prezentaciji industrijske baštine u House”, the first info-centre intended for the presenta-
Hrvatskoj. (VČ) tion of the industrial heritage in Croatia. (VČ)

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ŽIVOT NA SEDRENIM BARIJERAMA
LIFE ON TRAVERTINE BARRIERS

Naselje Rastoke, smješteno u neposrednoj blizini Rastoke, a settlement located in the immediate vicini- © Vedran Božičević
Plitvičkih jezera, razvijeno je na prostoru niza ty of Plitvice Lakes, developed on a series of separated
razvedenih sedrenih barijera preko kojih se rijeka travertine barriers over which the Slunjčica River flows
Slunjčica ulijeva (rastače) u rijeku Koranu. Radi into the Korana River. This is a unique union of vernac-
se o jedinstvenom spoju tradicijske arhitekture ular architecture and a picturesque landscape filled
i pitoresknog krajobraza ispunjenog slapovima i with waterfalls and rapids. Rastoke has always been the
brzacima. U Rastokama se oduvijek mljelo žito iz natural matrix of the water network, travertine blocks,
okolnih sela, a prirodna matrica vodene mreže, and islets required using traditional forms of building,
sedrenih ploča i otočića uvjetovala je tradicional- and the place where people from the surrounding villag-
ne oblike gradnje. Koristeći se vodenom snagom es milled their grain. Using the power of water to fuel the
za pokretanje mlinova, čovjek gradi i popravlja, mills, man builds and repairs, disassembles and builds
razgrađuje i opet gradi, uvijek samo onoliko koliko again, only according to his need: using rocks and wood
mu treba: kamenom i drvom koje nalazi u okolišu from his surroundings, he builds mills, houses, barns,
gradi mlinice, kuće, suše i staje te diskretnim and granaries, and discretely forces the water towards
zahvatima na vodotocima tjera vodu na svoj mlin. his mill. This settlement is an extraordinary example of
Rastoke su izvanredan primjer stoljetne tradicije; a centuries-long tradition whose fundamental values
jedinstvo prirodnog fenomena te skromnog, ali derive from the unity of a natural phenomenon and a
skladnog, jednostavnog i funkcionalnog graditelj- modest but also harmonious, simple and functional
stva čini njegovu temeljnu vrijednost. (MI) construction. (MI)

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KNEZ IZ BOJNE
PRINCE FROM BOJNA

Nalazi franačkog mača i luksuznoga groba u The discovery of a Frankish sword and other luxuri-
kojem je pokojnik bio pokopan omogućuju nam ous grave goods with which the deceased was buried
uvid u najstariju povijest Hrvata. Pozlaćene enable insight into the earliest history of the Croats.
ostruge, privjesak od gorskoga kristala, zlatnik The gilded spurs, rock crystal pendant, gold coin of
bizantskoga cara Konstantina V. i odjeća prot- the Byzantine Emperor Constantine V, and clothing
kana zlatnim nitima nedvojbeno upućuju na woven with golden threads undoubtedly indicate
to da je pokojnik pripadao elitnom sloju koji that the deceased belonged to an elite stratum that
se uzdigao potkraj 8. i početkom 9. stoljeća i arose at the end of the 8th and the beginning of the
na velikom dijelu nekadašnje antičke Dalmaci- 9th century, and created the Croatian princedom ruling
je stvorio hrvatsku kneževinu. Cijeli kompleks over a large part of the former Roman Dalmatia. The
toga nalazišta daje nam rijetku sliku o izgledu i entire complex of this site offers a rare image of the
životu jedne lokalne zajednice smještene unutar appearance and lifestyle of a local community located
i oko utvrđenoga nalazišta. Daljnja istraživanja within and around the fortified site. Further excava-
omogućit će nam još bolji uvid u karakter toga tions will enable a more complete insight into the
naselja i njegovu sudbinu u turbulentnim vreme- character of this settlement and its fate in the turbu-
nima tzv. mračnih stoljeća o kojima još uvijek lent period of the so-called Dark Ages, about which we
znamo premalo. (NB) still know too little. (NB)

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Ljubo Gamulin © Hrvatski restauratorski zavod / Croatian Conservation Institute

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83



MIRNA – RAŠA – RJEČINA – KVARNER
MIRNA – RAŠA – RJEČINA – KVARNER

ZVONČARI
BELL RINGERS

Tijekom pokladnog vremena na području During the carnival, groups of men in the Kastav area © Ivan Kosić
Kastavštine skupine muškaraca obilaze vlastita march through their own and surrounding villages
i susjedna sela odjeveni u ovčja runa, nerijetko in processions, clad in sheepskin throws, frequently
maskirani te opasani zvonima, prema kojima masked and girded with bells, which is why they are
su i prozvani zvončarima (UNESCO-ov Repre- called bell ringers (UNESCO Representative List of the
zentativni popis nematerijalne kulturne baštine Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity). Although
čovječanstva). Iako njihov izgled i pojedini their appearance and some elements of customary
elementi običajnih praksi variraju od skupine do practices vary from group to group, their mutual char-
skupine, zajedničko im je da se kreću na specifi- acteristics are their specific movements, leaping and
čan način, skaču i sudaraju se jedni s drugima, bumping into one another while producing noise with
pritom proizvodeći buku zvonima kojima su the bells girded around their waists. Having arrived
opasani. Nakon dolaska u središte sela, počinju in the centre of a village, they gather into a circle and
se zbijati u krug i ritmičkim kretnjama boko- rhythmically move their hips, ringing their bells louder
vima zvone sve jače i jače, dok ih domaćini ne and louder until the hosts offer them refreshments,
ponude okrepom, nakon čega nastavljaju svoj after which they continue on their way. Despite the
put. Unatoč očiglednoj magijskoj podlozi koja obvious magical foundation, interpreted as a symbol-
se interpretira kao simbolički čin protjerivanja ic act of banishing winter and invoking spring, the
zime i zazivanja proljeća, suvremeno značenje modern meaning of the bell ringers is above all visible
zvončara prije svega je vidljivo u uspostavljanju in the establishment and maintenance of strong inte-
i održavanju snažnih integrativnih veza unutar i grative links within and among the communities from
između zajednica iz kojih proizlaze. (MD) which they come from. (MD)

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BAŠĆANSKA PLOČA
BAŠKA TABLET

Bašćanska ploča je najduži sačuvani glagoljički The Baška tablet is the longest preserved Glagolitic © Damir Fabijanić
natpis uklesan u kamen. Izvorno je bio uzidan u inscription carved into stone. It was originally immured
crkvu sv. Lucije kod Baške na otoku Krku, a danas in the Church of St Lucia near Baška on the island of Krk,
se čuva u Zagrebu, u zgradi Hrvatske akademije and today it is on display in Zagreb, in the building of
znanosti i umjetnosti. Glagoljičko pismo došlo the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts. The Glago-
je u Hrvatsku oko 900., a osmislio ga je bizantski litic alphabet had been invented by the Byzantine priest
svećenik Konstantin da bi pisanje bolje prilago- Constantine so as to make writing better adapted to the
dio slavenskom jeziku i tako poticao kristijaniza- Slavic languages, and in this way promote the spread
ciju. Iako je glagoljica isprva bila rasprostranjena of Christianity. It arrived in Croatia around the year 900.
među mnogim Slavenima, na kraju se održala Although the Glagolitic alphabet had originally been wide-
samo u Hrvatskoj, gdje je korištena zajedno s spread among many Slavic nations, it was preserved only
latiničnim i ćiriličnim pismom. Važnost Bašćan- in Croatia, where it was utilized together with the Latin
ske ploče nije samo u tome, nego i u sadržaju and Cyrillic scripts. The importance of the Baška tablet
natpisa. U njemu se spominje hrvatski kralj lies not only in the above mentioned, but also in the very
Zvonimir (1074. - 1088.), koji je redovnicima content of the inscription. It mentions the Croatian King
benediktinskog samostana darovao neku zemlju. Zvonimir (1074 – 1088), who had gifted certain lands to
Natpis je oko 1100. dao sastaviti opat Držiha, a the monks of the Benedictine convent. The inscription
poslije ga je još jednom bilješkom dopunio opat was composed around the year 1100 by Abbot Držiha,
Dobrovit. (NB) and later Abbot Dobrovit added a note. (NB)

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DVOGLASJE TIJESNIH INTERVALA
TWO-PART SINGING AND PLAYING

Dvoglasje tijesnih intervala (UNESCO-ov Repre- Two-part singing and playing in the Istrian Scale Petra Slobodnjak © LADO Ansambl narodnih plesova i pjesama Hrvatske / LADO Natonal Folk Dance Ensemble of Croatia
zentativni popis nematerijalne kulturne baštine (UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural
čovječanstva) kompleksan je vokalno-instrumen- Heritage of Humanity) is a complex vocal and instru-
talni folklorni izričaj koji njeguje hrvatsko, talijansko mental folk expression preserved by the Croatian,
i istroromansko stanovništvo na području Istre Italian, and Istro-Romanian population in Istria and
i Hrvatskoga primorja s pripadajućim otocima. the Croatian Littoral with the Kvarner islands. It is char-
Karakterizira ga specifičan način dvoglasnog pjeva- acterised by a specific type of two-part, partly nasal
nja, djelomično nazalan, s nerijetkim improviza- singing with frequent improvisations and vocal varia-
cijama i vokalnim varijacijama, dok pjesmu prati tions, while the song is accompanied by an instrumen-
instrumentalna podloga tradicijskih glazbala, poput tal background of traditional instruments like the sopila,
sopila, roženica i miha (gajdi). I danas je taj speci- roženica and miha (wind instruments). This specific folk
fični izričaj dio životne svakodnevice, neizostavan u music remains a part of everyday life, and can always
svečanim prilikama, poput svadbenih svečanosti, be found at formal occasions like wedding ceremonies
te na drugim privatnim i javnim okupljanjima. Za and other private and public gatherings. Its successful
njegovo uspješno očuvanje zaslužni su mnogi poje- preservation can be attributed to a number of individ-
dinci (pjevači, svirači i izrađivači tradicijskih glazba- uals (singers, musicians, and traditional instrument
la), mjesni glazbeni sastavi i kulturno-umjetnička makers), local bands and folk ensembles, and cultural
društva. (MD) and art societies. (MD)

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PULSKA ARENA
PULA ARENA

Arena u Puli sagrađena je u 1. stoljeću, u The Arena amphitheatre in Pula was constructed in Alfio Klarić © Arheološki muzej Istre / Archaeological Museum of Istria
vrijeme vladavine cara Vespazijana. Njezino the 1st century, during the reign of Emperor Vespasian.
ime dolazi od naziva za borilište u središnjem Its name (Arena) comes from the Latin word harena
dijelu amfiteatra, što dolazi od latinske riječi (sand), used in the fighting grounds (palaestra) in the
harena (pijesak). Među danas sačuvanim amfi- central part of the amphitheatre. Amongst the amphi-
teatrima, pulski je po veličini šesti u svijetu. theatres preserved today, Pula is the sixth largest in the
Pretpostavlja se da je mogao primiti oko 20.000 world. It was suggested that it could fit around 20,000
gledatelja. Njegova duža os dugačka je oko 133 spectators. Its longer axis is around 133 metres long,
metra, a kraća 105 metara. Borilište je dimenzi- while the shorter one is 105 metres long. The dimen-
ja 67,90 x 41,60 metara. Najveća visina plašta sions of the palaestra are 67.90 x 41.60 metres, while the
je 32,45 metara. Do danas se izvorno sačuvao maximum height of the exterior wall is 32.45 metres. The
monumentalni vanjski plašt amfiteatra. Izgra- monumental exterior wall of the amphitheatre has been
đen je od kamenih blokova, raščlanjen dvama preserved in its original form. Built out of stone blocks,
katovima arkada, s ukupno 72 luka u svakom it is divided by two floors of arcades, totalling 72 arches
nizu, dok najgornji, treći kat ima 64 pravokut- in each row, whereas the uppermost third floor has 64
na otvora. Specifičnost pulskog amfiteatra rectangular openings. A specific feature of the amphi-
su i četiri kamena tornja sagrađena s njegove theatre in Pula are four stone towers, built on its external
vanjske strane. (DK) wall. (DK)

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UMIJEĆE SUHOZIDNE GRADNJE
ART OF DRY-STONE WALLING

Umijeće suhozidne gradnje očituje se u tehnici The art of dry-stone walling refers to the technique © Damir Fabijanić
izrade raznih konstrukcija od kamena bez of making various stone structures without the use
primjene vezivnog materijala. Razvijeno je u of binding materials. It was developed in the coastal
primorskim i planinskim (dinarskim) područ- and mountainous (Dinaric) areas of Croatia from
jima Hrvatske od prapovijesnih vremena do prehistoric times to the present day (UNESCO Repre-
današnjih dana (UNESCO-ov Reprezentativni sentative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of
popis nematerijalne kulturne baštine čovje- Humanity). Although structures made using the
čanstva). Iako su strukture izrađene tehnikom technique of dry-stone walling are mainly part of the
suhozidne gradnje uglavnom dio ruralnog krajo- rural landscape (serving traditional farming and food
lika (u službi su tradicijskog privređivanja i proi- production), they are not unknown in urban areas.
zvodnje hrane), nisu nepoznanica ni u urbanim The hairs of this building art are not only members
sredinama. Baštinici nisu samo članovi ruralnih of rural communities, in which they play an important
zajednica u kojima imaju važnu ulogu, nego i role, but also professionals in the construction sector.
profesionalci u graditeljskom sektoru, a vještina The skill has been passed down from one generation
se prenosi s generacije na generaciju primar- to another primarily through practical application in
no praktičnom primjenom u skladu s potreba- accordance with the needs of the local community,
ma lokalne zajednice koje proizlaze iz metoda derived from methods of spatial management related
gospodarenja prostorom u odnosu na poseb- to specific features of the environment. The project
nosti okoliša. Projekt proučavanja i primjene of studying and transferring dry-stone walling knowl-
suhozidne gradnje dobio je Nagradu Europske edge won European Heritage Awards / Europa Nostra
baštine / nagradu Europa Nostra. (MD) Awards. (MD)

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RIJEČKA SINAGOGA
RIJEKA SYNAGOGUE

Od stotinjak sinagoga što su tijekom povijesti Amongst about a hundred synagogues that existed Goran Tomljenović © Hrvatski restauratorski zavod / Croatian Conservation Institute
postojale u Hrvatskoj, posljednja sagrađena je in Croatia throughout history, the one in Rijeka, which
ona riječka, koja je i danas u izvornoj funkciji. was constructed last, is still in its original function.
Židovi su u Rijeci prisutni od 1436., a ta orto- Jews have lived in Rijeka since 1436, and the Orthodox
doksna bogomolja u Filipovićevoj ul. 9 sedma je house of worship at 9 Filipović Street is the seventh
u slijedu koju je židovska zajednica, dominantno in row that the Jewish community, predominantly of
talijanskoga i mađarskoga podrijetla, sagradila u Italian and Hungarian origin, erected in the city. A few
gradu. Sačuvano je nekoliko projektnih rješenja design solutions for the house of prayer have been
molitvene zgrade, pri čemu je 1932. izvedena preserved, and an avant-garde version was built in
avangardna inačica koju su potpisali riječki inže- 1932, designed by Rijeka engineers Vittorio Gyözo
njeri Vittorio Gyözo Angyal i Pietro Fabbro. Objekt Angyal and Pietro Fabbro. The structure has a distinct
je soliterne impostacije, jednostavnoga izduženog articulation, and a simple elongated volume, while the
volumena, a dojmu moderniteta pridonosi asime- asymmetrical cubist composition of the western façade
trična kubistička kompozicija zapadnog pročelja with its prominent staircase, an entrance “over the
s istaknutim korpusom stubišta, ulazom ‘preko corner”, and windows in the Art déco style all contribute
ugla’ i prozorima Art déco stilizacije. Interijer je to the impression of modernity. The interior is minimal-
minimalistički oblikovan, s postavom obrednog ist, with a display for ritual furnishings in the spirit of the
mobilijara u duhu ortodoksnoga ritusa. (ZK) Orthodox rite. (ZK)

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APOKSIOMEN
APOXYOMENOS

Kad je Belgijanac René Wouters zaronio u more When Belgian René Wouters dived into the sea near Ljubo Gamulin © Hrvatski restauratorski zavod / Croatian Conservation Institute
nedaleko od otoka Lošinja, nije mogao ni sanjati da the island of Lošinj, he could not even dream that he
će biti zaslužan za jedno od najvažnijih arheoloških would be responsible for one of the most important
otkrića u hrvatskom akvatoriju. Na morskom dnu discoveries of Croatian underwater archaeology. A
ležao je već gotovo dvije tisuće godina 192 cm visok 192 cm tall bronze statue of Apoxyomenos (an athlete
brončani kip apoksiomena (atlet koji sa sebe struže wiping sweat and dust from himself after a competi-
znoj i prašinu nakon natjecanja). Nakon zahtjevnih tion) had lain on the seabed for almost two thousand
konzervatorsko-restauratorskih radova (ovjenčanih years. After demanding conservation (awarded the
Nagradom Europske baštine / nagradom Europa European Heritage Awards / Europa Nostra Awards) in
Nostra), u kojima su hrvatskim stručnjacima which Croatian experts were aided by colleagues from
pomagali kolege iz Firence, vrijedni se nalaz mogao Florence, the valuable find could be analysed. A mouse
analizirati. U kipu je pronađeno gnijezdo miša nest with organic material was found in the statue,
s organskim ostacima koji su, uz ostale analize, helping to determine the age of the statue. It is now
pridonijeli datiranju, pa se danas pretpostavlja da je believed that it was cast in the 2nd or 1st century BC
kip izliven u 2. ili 1. stoljeću pr. n. e. u Grčkoj prema in Greece, according to an older Hellenistic model. It
starijem helenističkom uzoru. Bio je ukrcan na brod was loaded onto a ship sailing to the northern Adriat-
koji je plovio prema sjevernom Jadranu, pa je vjero- ic, and was likely thrown into the sea during a storm.
jatno za oluje bačen u more. Taj izuzetni kip, jedan This extraordinary statue, one of only two completely
od dva cjelovito sačuvana brončana apoksiomena, preserved bronze Apoxyomenos, is on display in its
ima svoj muzej u Malom Lošinju. (NB) own museum in Mali Lošinj. (NB)

98 VJEČNE VODE: ŽIVOT & LJEPOTA / ETERNAL WATERS: LIFE & BEAUT Y

MIRNA – RAŠA – RJEČINA – KVARNER / MIRNA – RAŠA – RJEČINA – KVARNER 99

EKOMUZEJ BATANA
BATANA ECOMUSEUM

Batana je vrsta karakterističnog rovinjskog ribar- A batana is a type of characteristic fishing boat © Ljubo Gamulin
skog čamca koji je iz niza razloga – prije svega from Rovinj, which for various reasons, particular-
zbog uloge u tradicijskoj ekonomici – izuzetno ly because of its role in traditional economy, was
važan za baštinu i identitet lokalne zajednice extremely important for the heritage and identity
(UNESCO-ov Registar dobrih praksi očuvanja of the local community (UNESCO Register of Good
nematerijalne kulturne baštine svijeta). Projekt Safeguarding Practises). The Ecomuseum project,
Ekomuzeja jedinstven je pristup u očuvanju a unique approach to the preservation of the herit-
ukupne baštine Rovinja, koji je iniciralo lokalno age of Rovinj, was initiated by the local population
stanovništvo, a ostvarili su ga renomirani struč- and implemented by renowned experts in accord-
njaci u skladu s potrebama zajednice. Ekomuzej ance with the needs of the community. The Batana
Batana služi kao kolaborativna platforma kojom Ecomuseum serves as a collaborative platform to
se prikazuje proces izrade plovila i relevantnih showcase the process of production of the vessels
ribarskih aktivnosti, demonstrira se izrada, održa- and relevant fishing activities, demonstrating the
vanje i popravak batane u radionicama brodo- construction, maintenance, and repair of batana
gradnje, organiziranjem regate, sudjelovanjem u boats in shipbuilding workshops, organising regat-
sklopu javnih manifestacija te raznih projekata na tas, and participating in public events and various
lokalnoj, regionalnoj, nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj projects at local, regional, national, and internation-
razini, čime se na inkluzivan način aktivno radi na al levels, thus actively working for the preservation
očuvanju pomorske baštine, očuvanju životne of maritime heritage, everyday life, and the identity
svakodnevice i identiteta lokalne zajednice. (MD) of the local community. (MD)

100 VJEČNE VODE: ŽIVOT & LJEPOTA / ETERNAL WATERS: LIFE & BEAUT Y