BQS554_ASSIGNMENT 1_AAP2244B_GROUP 1

PROPOSE SYSTEM
FOR A MULTI-
STOREY SMART
HOME

BQS554 AP2244B
GROUP 1
BULDING SERVICES II

PREPARED FOR:

DR. NOOR AKMAL ADILLAH ISMAIL

GROUP
MEMBER

INFORMATION ABOUT GROUP
MEMBERS

SITI NORFATIHA BT CHE ABDULLAH NASRUL AQIL BIN AZAHAR

2021393337 2021393355

MUHAMAD ILHAM SHAH BIN NORAZUWA

2021393773

MUHAMAD ARIF ASYARUDDIN BIN TENGAH NUR AMEENAH BINTI ZAINUDDIN

2021196659 2021504945

TABLE OF 01
CONTENT
03
INTRODUCTION 05
MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM 08
10
APPLICATION 12
INSTALLATION PROCESS 13
14
ADVANTAGES 17
PROBLEMS / DISADVANTAGES
19
FUNCTION 20
CONNECTION 23
POSITION IN THE BUILDING 27
BUILDING REGULATION 29

FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM

APPLICATION
FIRE PTOTECTION SYSTEM
INSTALLATION PROCESS

ADVANTAGES
PROBLEMS / DISADVANTAGES

TABLE OF 30
CONTENT 32
33
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
35
FUNCTION AND CONNECTION 37
PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM 40
BUILDING REGULATION 42

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 43
44
APPLICATION 50
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM 51
INSTALLATION PROCESS 55

ADVANTAGES 58
PROBLEMS / DISADVANTAGES 59
FUNCTION AND CONNECTION 61

PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
SPACE IMPLICATION

BUILDING REGULATION

TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM

APPLICATION
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
INSTALLATION PROCESS

TABLE OF 65
CONTENT 66
67
TELECOMMUNICATION SYSTEM 69
71
ADVANTAGES 73
PROBLEMS / DISADVANTAGES
FUNCTION AND CONNECTION 76

PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM 77
SPACE IMPLICATION 80
83
BUILDING REGULATION 84
85
VENTILATION SYSTEM 87
89
APPLICATION 90
AIR-CONDITIONING SYSTEM 91
92
INSTALLATION PROCESS
ADVANTAGES

PROBLEMS / DISADVANTAGES
FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM
SPACE IMPLICATION

BUILDING REGULATION

CONCLUSION
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION

1.0 INTRODUCTION

The primary function of buildings is to provide shelter to its
occupants but in our modern world, all building should be
designed in such a way to provide an environment where
peoples can feel comfortable, work, live and achieve.
Basically “building services” is what make the building
comes to life i.e., what makes the building work. They
contribute largely to the sustainability of the building.
Building services are the systems installed in buildings to
make them comfortable, functional, efficient and safe.
Building services might include such as building control
systems, energy distribution and Energy supply (gas,
electricity and renewable sources such as solar, wind,
geothermal and biomass).

Building should be design with features to provide better
lighting, comfortable space, temperature and air quality,
convenient power and communication capability, high
quality sanitation and reliable systems for the protection of
life and property. Building services are mainly divided into
mechanical, electrical and building operation system. They
are all very important and should be put into consideration
during planning, designing and construction.

Today with the advancement of sciences and technology,
all those building services listed above are more modern
and became indispensable for buildings. As an example,
certain types of building such as department store or
industrial buildings are almost 100% dependent of
electrical lighting, ventilating an and space heating and
high-rise buildings rely on vertical transportation and high-
speed pressure for water supply.

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INTRODUCTION

1.2 CASE STUDY BACKGROUND

TRX Residence consist of two tower, which is Tower 1 and Tower 2. At tower 1,
there are few type of suite such as A1 Smart Suite, B3 Elite Suite, B4 City Suite and
C1 Comfort Suite which is the biggest suite with 1022sq.ft that come with 3
Bedrooms and 2 Bathroom. Meanwhile, at tower 2, there are A2 Flexi Suite, B1
Premium suite and B2 Signature suite.
For this modern and smart housing in Malaysia, they provide many facilities such
as Function Hall, Reading room, indoor playroom, outdoor lounge and recreational
park at Facilities podium Level 7, TRX Residence. Moreover, at rooftop level 50, it
consist of Gymnasium, wading pool, swimming pool and also pool deck. For this
case study, we decided to analyses few building services from this TRX Residence.
TRX Residences is located at the capital city of Malaysia which is Kuala Lumpur.
This building is situated at Jalan Utara in Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur. This
residence are near all around connectivity and accessibility with four (4) major
highway such as MEX. It is 800m distance to Pavillion Kuala Lumpur and 1.8km to
Petronas Twin Towers. TRX Residences is set to be the only premier integrated
residences in the Tun Razak Exchange with direct connections to the shopping
mall and MRT interchange. Prices begin from RM 1M. TRX residences will be where
the city’s financial elite community and ex-pat professionals call home.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.1 THE APPLICATION

The construction of mechanical A car that glides in a vertical shaft
facilities in a building has become to transport passengers or freight
a requirement in recent years. between the levels of a multistory
The authority's regulation is structure is known as an elevator.
another important component Electric motors, with the help of a
that contributes to the counterweight, propel most
widespread installation of building contemporary elevators through
services. For example, any a system of wires and sheaves
structure with more than five (pulleys). The elevator, by allowing
stories must have an elevator, access to taller structures, played
although this service did not a crucial role in shaping the urban
become mandatory until the early architecture of many
twentieth century, and it is contemporary cities, particularly
primarily a social status symbol. in the United States, and it
This is a privilege that we have promises to play an increasingly
taken for granted. The important role in future city
introduction of machinery in the growth.
late nineteenth and early
twentieth centuries resulted in
significant changes in the building
construction sector.

We take TRX Residence as the

case study for our report. As for

topic under mechanical handling

system, we choose electric lift as Such lifting platforms were
unsuitable for passenger usage
our subject. We will explain the due to the low dependability of
the ropes (usually hemp) being
components, installation, used at the time. In 1853, an

advantages and problems

regarding this machine.

By: SITI NORFATIHA BT CHE ABDULLAH 0
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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.1 THE APPLICATION

American named Elisha Graves Otis invented a safety system that allowed the
passenger elevator to be built. When strain was removed from the hoist rope, Otis'
invention, which was displayed at the Crystal Palace Exposition in New York, had a
clamping mechanism that grasped the guide rails on which the vehicle travelled. In
1857, the Haughwout Department Store in New York City installed the first
passenger elevator; powered by steam, it rose five storeys in less than a minute
and was a huge success.

The introduction of the elevator is definitely one of the most important aspects
in the growth of urbanization.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.2 INSTALLATION PROCESS

Installation is the process of transforming a raw product into one that is ready to
use. Different systems, obviously, necessitate different sorts of installations. While
some installations are basic and uncomplicated and may be completed by non-
professionals, others are more difficult and time-consuming and may necessitate
the assistance of professionals. The installation of the elevator will necessitate the
use of specialists in this scenario.

1. Site Preparation

First, the technician will check to see if the location
where you want the lift put is suitable. There
should be sufficient room for you to work securely
without disrupting your workflow. Both levels'
flooring must be strong enough to sustain the lift
system when it is fully loaded.

2. Set The Column in Place

The columns will be bolted and guided into place.
The column's function will be to support the weight
that will be directed from elevator components
such as the platform and door. A strong column
can help to balance the elevator's movement and
can handle huge weights.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.2 INSTALLATION PROCESS

3. Adding The Carriage

To guarantee that the carriage is set in the exact
area to climb up the columns evenly and level,
outlines will be created on the floor and walls. The
carriage is positioned inside the columns exactly as
the markings indicate.

4. Installing The Counterweight

The counterweight decreases down on the amount
of braking required by the elevator. Consider what
would happen if there was no counterweight: a
highly overloaded elevator car would be hard to
draw upwards, but on the way back, it would tend
to speed to the ground on its own if there wasn't
some kind of powerful brake to stop it. The
counterweight makes controlling the elevator car
considerably easier.

5. Add elevator machine on the
top of The Platform

On all types of traction elevator equipment, a
traction machine is applied. A traction machine's
standard components are a motor, drive sheave,
brake, and machine bed plate. To turn the drive
sheave, the traction machine motor spins the drive
sheave shaft. The hoist ropes pass over the driven
sheave and pull the car through the hoist path as
the sheave moves.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.2 INSTALLATION PROCESS

6. Rising The Drive base for
Mechanical Lift Installation

The drive base will be hoisted into place on
top of the columns if a mechanical lift is being
installed. The drive base will be bolted in
place and afterwards welded to the supports
once the motordrive has been properly
installed.

7. Wiring The Electrical
Component

All of the wiring that allows your lift to go up
and down will be taken care of by the
specialist. This will make it simple to
activate the lift with the touch of a button.
They'll also ensure that the lift is in good
working order and that any of your
employees can use it safely.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.3 BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

THERE ARE 3 EXAMPLE ADVANTAGES OF USING IT :

Installation of a security system for a high-rise INCREASE THE
buildings is crucial and necessary nowadays, SECURITY
especially for multi-story smart homes, to ensure the
safety of the building's residents. In this instance, the SYSTEM FOR
construction of elevators at a multi-story smart house ALL FLOOR
is critical and can serve as a form of building security.
Elevators are one of the security measures that may
be provided to building residents. Elevators can help
limit access to specific levels by employing electronic
devices such as access cards. Non-guests will be
prevented from accessing the building, and guests will
be protected against harassment, theft, and damage.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.3 BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

Comfortable to Use

Increase High Efficiency to People Elevator technology may also provide
better comfort to persons who wish
The elevator system was designed to to rise to a higher level. It can also
handle the increasing amount of save individuals from becoming
individuals wishing to move to the fatigued while going to the next level.
next storey of a building. This is Because of its creative and adaptable
because elevator technology allows design, the elevator will deliver a
individuals to go quickly to the next comfortable ride. Mechanical
floor without having to wait a long technology will reduce movement
time. As a result, it can help to reduce vibrations and noise, allowing
crowding in the waiting area. passengers within the structure to
Elevators with smart energy modes enjoy a quiet, fast ride. People will like
serve to boost transportation the accommodations since they are
capacity while also improving pleasant and convenient to operate.
people's efficiency in elevators. The
typical travelling time from one
location to another can be reduced
by thirty percent when using
elevators instead of staircases.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.4 PROBLEM OF THE SYSTEM

INCREASING COST IN MAINTENANCE WORKS

When we consider the lift's life- building and the type of elevators
cost, we may expect it to be high utilized.
and costly. Long wait times and
frequent breakdowns are both Maintenance labor can sometimes
uncomfortable and indicative of be considered dangerous and
wear. Overheating, excessive unsafe. The total number of people
energy use, and a low power who died as a result of
factor may not be visible issues, maintenance work had risen to
but they have hidden 1800. The most common causes of
consequences. According to death are falling from a great
Hussey (2019), clients pay height, becoming trapped between
between RM 16,000 and RM the cab and the shaft, being struck
45,000 per year to maintain and by a device, and electrocution.
operate the elevator. The precise
figures are determined on the
number of elevators in each

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.4 PROBLEM OF THE SYSTEM

People with Special Needs

With 897,639 persons,

Malaysia's special needs

population accounts for 3% of

the country's population (DOSM,

2018). Despite the fact that the

number appears to be

insignificant, we cannot deny High Installation Cost

them the ability to utilise public When compared to

facilities, including elevators. constructing stairs, the initial

We've seen persons with cost of installing an elevator

disabilities struggle to use during the construction

elevators in some situations. phase is higher. One of the

Some disabled persons find that services that required a

the lack of a railing in the large sum of money to build

elevator cab is inconvenient and was the elevator. The

inaccessible. People who have number of elevators in a

balance problems have a high-rise structure is

difficult time using the facilities. determined by the number

They are more likely to fall of storeys projected. The

during the operation since there more elevators that are

is nothing to touch and hold on placed, the taller the

to assist them maintain their structure becomes. As a

balance when utilizing the result, the cost of

elevator. construction services that

the customer must give is

indirectly increased.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.5 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

FUNCTION

CORE SERVICE FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING

High-rise buildings require a technology that will allow
them to move vertically while being safe and
comfortable. Nowadays, technology has offered a safer
means to go from one floor of a structure to another. As
a result, the elevator became a necessary service that
was sometimes required to be installed in a high-rise
building. It had evolved into a vital function for a high-rise
building that aided in the circulation of people
throughout the building. Because it is an essential
function for multi-story commercial buildings, a modern
commercial building frequently has many elevators for
the services in the building.

AS A VERTICAL TRANSPORT TO MOVE

Elevators are machines that help people or things move
from one level of a building to another by moving
vertically between the floors of other structures. It
provides the building with vertical transit that moves
quickly to the top floors while providing a comfortable
platform. In this project, the transportation is self-
ascending and descending and is powered by electricity.
After passengers press the elevator's button, it will
operate automatically. Because of the electric supply,
there is no need for human power to elevate the
platform.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.6 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

CONNECTION

MODULE READER

All designs will receive the The reader is located within the
appropriate power regulation elevator's access control system
circuitry and structural integrity and is used to scan credentials. The
from the module. For example, as a access control system decides
consequence of the controller's which levels are accessible based
authenticity result, it was used to on the door access control
send a control signal to the credential. Using access control
elevator's buttons. software, certain persons may be
permitted access to particular
CONTROLLER floors on specific days and times.

A controller is a manually or
automated elevator control
mechanism. It regulates the slave
device's relay and checks and
matches the credentials scanned
on the reader with the access
groups. Normally, the controller
reduces the power to the
regulating system to between 12
and 24 volts. Except for the motor,
which requires 3-phase power, the
elevator's controlling component
and fixtures are powered by a low-
voltage power source.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.7 SPACE IMPLICATION

Location of the building position for the elevator shaft. The
shaft should not eat into the space
of existing rooms, and it should not
be incompatible with the building's
aesthetics or structural integrity

Elevators, when placed correctly, Based on our case study, the
may increase the aesthetic and elevator or electrical lift were
real estate value of your located nearby the staircase. As
building. Consider the fact that a complement to the main
when seeking to contact a staircase, this position might be
certain living individual, positioned close to or near the
elevators are the first thing that main staircase. If there is
springs to mind. Elevators enough room in the centre of
connect a visitor's or resident's the medium-sized main
line of sight from the lobby to staircase, it may also be placed
the destination. A well-placed there.
elevator system is the finest way
to gain access to businesses, Moreover, if we can see to
opportunities, products, or even location of the elevator, it also
medical treatment. Elevators, in near with the building's outer
this sense, should always be face, where the elevator can be
easy to locate, enter, and spend brought up to a balcony, a
time in. corridor, a private repos, or
direct building access. This
After that, the elevator engineer Position is use when you want to
must decide on an appropriate. maximize the use of space
inside of the building.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.7 SPACE IMPLICATION

The first consideration in elevator As a building gets bigger and bigger,
installation is the building's practical additional zones are necessary for the
needs, such as the amount of space elevators to operate effectively.
available within the structure. Taller or Furthermore, if a building requires 3 to
high-rise buildings, in general, require a 4 zones for elevators, it may have
larger proportion of core area to achieved the next level of practicality.
accommodate elevators. This core Elevators will simply begin to take up
space may be lowered by incorporating too much room, rendering buildings
various methods and technology into inefficient. If the building must be raised,
the building's design. In low-rise the next best option is to stack two
structures with less than four stories, a vehicles on top of each other and use
single elevator group usually services all the same hoist system. The double deck
of the levels. Furthermore, elevators in elevator is a device that can handle
high-rise buildings with more than 12 journeys of up to 90 storeys
floors are frequently divided into areas
(Peters, 2019).

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.7 SPACE IMPLICATION

while also accommodating high transport capacity and reducing floor space. A typical
elevator takes up around 25 square feet of space in a structure. The floor plan may be
affected by the elevator mechanical system. For example, if the model necessitates a
machine room, more space is required. A pit of around 8 inches is required for most
elevators. The number of elevators in a building is determined by the number of people
who use it and the building's requirements. These criteria may be divided into two
groups: whether the elevator will be utilized by ambulant persons or whether it will
require additional space for wheelchair users.

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.8 BUILDING REGULATION

The Malaysian Lift Regulations are based on the British Standard BS2655,
which was created under the Factory and Machineries Act 1967. The
requirements for the installation of passenger and goods lifts went into
effect on February 1st, 1970. The building services on which the Lift
Regulations are based have undergone several amendments in order to
improve regulation. The Department of Occupational Safety and Health
(DOSH) is the regulatory agency in charge of enforcing the Lift Regulations,
and it has issued directives to include several key elements from the most
recent standards that aren't covered by the Lift Regulations. One of the
numerous responsibilities of the Department of Health and Human
Services is to provide permits to operate (PMA) to elevator and escalator
owners.
The elevators design shall comply with the “Safety Code for Elevators and
Escalators” of latest edition ASME A17.1 with amendments and Uniform
Building Code (UBC). Therefore, the Working Group on Lifts and Escalators
under the authority of the Industry Standards Committee on Mechanical
Engineering has recommended the adoption of the EN Standard as a
Malaysian Standard. This Malaysian Standard is the first revision of MS
2021-1, Safety rules for the construction and installation of lifts - Part 1:
Electric lifts

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MECHANICAL HANDLING SYSTEM

2.8 BUILDING REGULATION

In the Building Regulations 2010, part M of the building regulations deals
with the accessibility and use of buildings. The Approved Document M (Part
M) stated the direction on elevators in all types of buildings, explain that
reasonable provision must be made for the people to gain access to and
use the building's facilities. Whilst in the Part B stating the guidance of fire-
rating elevators or the area surrounding them as well as complete details
on firefighting and evacuation passenger elevators. The general
requirements for elevators must be comply such as in selecting the most
suitable lifting device. It is need to be taken carefully to ensure it is fit for
purpose considering the relevant elevators and Health & Safety
Regulations. Any building that needs to comply with Part M recommended
to have the minimum footprint size as follows:

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.1 THE APPLICATION OF SYSTEM

In terms of building, fire protection is alert the fire department so it can
the technique of preventing or respond to the fire. In environments
mitigating the ignition, development, such as hospitals, the safety system
and spread of fire, as well as its alerts workers so that they can
impacts across the built environment. respond to a fire emergency.
The fire protection system is one of
the important things that all buildings Normally, fire takes place without
should have because incidents of fire
spread can happen at all types of warning and may cause building
buildings and the difference between
the buildings is how the fire can be
occupants to have limited time to
stopped from spreading. This system react either to distinguish the fire or
will be the first one that stops the fire
from spreading and maybe can save to escape (N. H. Salleh & A. G. Ahmad,
the people inside the building
without any injury and also can buy 2009). A fire break can cause death if
time for the people in the building to
escape from the fire. A fire the situation is not handled well
prevention system that is correctly
designed, implemented, managed, because people who are trapped in
and maintained may minimise the
losses associated with an undesired the fire break cannot escape from
fire in any facility. Property and, most
significantly, human lives have been smoke produced by the fire and
lost as a result of these disasters. The
fundamental objective for building gases in the air.
and fire code requirements for fire
prevention systems is to provide The building design also gives an
early notification to building impact on how the system work and
occupants so they may escape the the building must have an exit route
building and to and be well designed in order to slow
down the fire from spreading.
Strategic placed alarm and sensor will
give more advantages to the people
in the building to escape from their
place when the fire break happened.

By: MUHAMAD ARIF ASYARUDDIN BIN TENGAH 1
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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

Nowadays, a bad accident can happen anywhere because of negligence by the
people themselves. Fire is not the thing that we can take it easy because this
element can take life away and every year there are reported death caused by the
fire break. Fire can be produced by three elements which are heat, oxygen, and
fuel. These elements interact with one another, this is referred to as a 'fire
triangle'. If one of the crucial components is absent, there will be no fire. there are
two types of fire protection usually use which are passive and active protection.
Both are effective to protect people in the building to escape from the fire break.
Passive fire protection is to control the spread of the fire by using material control
or by erecting physical barriers to the passage of flames or smoke. Frequently
used in walls, floors, ceilings, beams, columns, and shaft enclosures constructed to
a specific fire-resistant grade. Passive fire protection is designed to control the
spread of the fire, divide the fire room or space into sections and Provide exiting
systems for occupants to evacuate the building safely.

Next, is active fire protection which is commonly used in building in Malaysia.
Active fire protection is needed to control fire in the building and it also can help
people inside the building to escape while fire breaking. Fire can be controlled or
extinguished manually or automatically. The usage of a fire extinguisher is covered
in the manual. A fire sprinkler system is one example of an automatic method.
Automatic suppression systems are typically seen in big commercial kitchens or
other high-risk environments. This system can help to reduce loss in the building
and also be the first one who controls the fire breaking situation in the building
before firefighter arrive.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

MULTI-SENSOR DETECTOR

A fire detector is one of the active fire protection systems that are commonly used
in the building. There are a lot of types of detectors in the market but the best
detector is a detector that has a multi-sensor. Multi-sensor can work for a variety
of situations that maybe can be a reason our building is in the fire. Fire detection
systems are intended to offer early notice of a fire's occurrence and allow proper
firefighting action to be done before the situation spirals out of control. Detectors
are intended to respond when the ambient temperature or rate of temperature
rise reaches a predefined threshold. The detector can be our life savior when fire
breaking happened in our building. the sensor in the detector can detect smoke
or heat. Any sudden temperature increase that matches the predetermined alarm
criteria will cause an alarm (Li, 2011). Each sensor has its own job to detect any
dangerous situation in the building such as a sensor that can detect smoke in the
building. Smoke detectors are intended to detect a fire while it is still smoldering
or in the early stages of spreading.

Smoke contains particulate particles. When a fire breaks out, this particulate
matter rises into the smoke detector, causing it to sound an audible alert.
Ionization and photoelectric smoke detectors are the two types. Ionization smoke
detectors detect small quantities of smoke, but photoelectric smoke detectors
detect smoke faster and more sensitively.

Lastly, the important sensor in the detector is a sensor that can detect flame. A
flame detector is a sort of fire detection device that activates a siren or buzzer in
reaction to a firelight. When a fire starts, it emits several forms of light, including
infrared, visible, and ultraviolet light. Flame detectors are intended to detect the
light emitted by a burning object. Flame detectors are normally more expensive
than both smoke and heat detectors, but they are very accurate and dependable.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.2 FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A fire sprinkler system is an active fire prevention technology that consists of a
water supply system that provides enough pressure and flow rate to a water
distribution pipe system that fire sprinklers are attached to. Fire Sprinkler Systems
are designed to save lives and are not supposed to protect structures. The
majority of buildings that suffered fires and were successfully protected by fire
sprinkler systems were controlled solely by the fire sprinklers.
WET PIPE SPRINKLER SYSTEM
This type of automatic sprinkler is one of the common types of sprinkler used in
the building. A wet pipe system is one that water is kept in the sprinkler pipes at all
times. When a sprinkler is activated, the water is immediately thrown onto the fire
because each sprinkler head is triggered individually, water damage is reduced in
the case of a false alert. This will help the situation when the sensor failed to detect
the situation happened in the building.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.3 INSTALLATION PROCESS

Multi-Sensor Detector
The emergence of multi-sensor detectors exemplifies how fire detection systems
have progressed through time. Multi-sensor detectors, which are designed to
detect smoke, heat, and/or CO, assist decrease random errors by comparing the
inputs from numerous sensors before determining whether the source of the
input is a real fire or one of many false alarm scenarios.
STEP 1 :
Choose detectors with the label of a trustworthy testing facility.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.3 INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 2 :
Install smoke alarms in each bedroom, outside each sleeping space, and on each
floor of the house; if you have a basement, install a detector there as well.
STEP 3 :
Install alarms in the living room, near the stairwell to the higher floor, or in both
locations on levels without bedrooms.

STEP 4 :
To reduce false alerts when cooking, smoke detectors should be positioned at
least 3 meters away from cooking equipment.
STEP 5 :
When installing linked detectors, it is critical that all of the alarms come from the
same manufacturer. It is possible that the alarms will not sound if they are
incompatible.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.3 INSTALLATION

Multi-Sensor Detector
TESTING

Test the multi-sensor detector once the installation is finished.
The detector should be maintained in accordance with the manufacturer's
recommendations.
To keep the detector operating properly, follow the manufacturer's cleaning
recommendations. The instructions are either included in the packaging or
may be accessed online.
detector with non-replaceable components 10-year batteries is intended to
last for up to ten years. If the alarm chirps, indicating that the battery is low,
immediately replace the complete smoke alarm.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.3 INSTALLATION

AUTOMATIC SPRINKLER SYSTEM

Heat-sensitive heads are installed on the pipe at regular intervals and
discharge water when a predefined temperature is attained at any head.
In the main supply, a stop valve is fitted, and drains are supplied. When water
flows, an alarm can be attached to the system to send local and distant signals.
Water from the proper source is sent to an autonomously regulated pump,
which subsequently feeds the system's primary control valve.
The alarm valve, which separates the sprinkler systems from the supply, is
located just above the main control valve. When a sprinkler is activated, this
pressure drops and the valve opens due to the extra water pressure beneath
it, enabling water to flow into the system to replace that released by the
sprinklers.
Water is running up a vertical riser and then to the main distribution pipes at
each ceiling level in the protected premises when passing through the valve.
It travels from the main distribution pipes to the distribution pipes and range
pipes, where the sprinkler heads are installed. It is then directed at the
sprinklers that have been activated by the hot gases coming from the fire.
As a result, the sprinkler serves as both a detection and a distributor, and its
opening activates the sprinkler system automatically.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.4 BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

Multi-sensor Detector
Multi-sensor detectors have a lot of benefits to the user especially consumers who
want their house on top of safety and proven in practice.

1.Variety of sensor 4. False Alarm
Multi-sensor detectors, which are The inbuilt microprocessor analyses
designed to detect smoke, heat, and the firing characteristics of the single
CO, assist decrease false alarms by sensors automatically. Fires will be
evaluating the inputs from numerous identified earlier and more reliably,
sensors before determining whether and will be distinguished from
the source of the input is a real fire or disturbance characteristics, reducing
one of many false alarm scenarios. false alarms. The multi-sensor
detector detects and compensates
2. Available in the market for long-term phenomena such as
Nowadays, multi-sensor detectors pollution and ageing.
can be found everywhere on the
market because the demand by the
user is high and proven effective in
handling fire break situations.

3. Maintenance
A multi-sensor detector can easily
maintain and the cost for
maintenance can be reduced
because the detector's batteries only
need to change after 10 years.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.4 BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

Automatic Sprinkler System
An automated fire sprinkler system is proven effective to control fire break in the
building and this is why this system most used in the building. The benefits of the
system are: -
1.Automated
As we know, sprinklers will automatically release water if there is a situation that
triggered the alarm. As a result, fire suppression is quick, and no human
involvement is required.
2. Property Damage
When fire breaking situation happened, the sprinkler will automatically release the
water. The fire will not able to spread to another area easily because the sprinkler
reduces one of the three elements which are fire. The building can be saved and
less damage.
3.Water Use
Sprinkler systems consume far less water than hydrants and hydraulic hose reels.
The sprinkler will release less quantity of water because their holes are small and
that amount can control the fire break situation.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.5 PROBLEM OF THE SYSTEM

1.Multi-sensor Detector
One of the major problems for the detector is the installation of the detector itself.
Need wiring work in to make sure the detectors are functioning. Cannot be
installed by ourselves and needed the skill to install this detector. If the detectors
are not installed correctly the sensor will not give the input to the alarm during fire
break. Usually, battery for the detector is 10 years, this period will make the user
forget to change the battery.

2. Automatic Sprinkler System
Aside from the significant initial installation expenses, another important element
to consider is continuous maintenance and repairs, as well as the associated
expenditures. Irrigation systems include a lot of moving parts that need to be
adjusted and replaced on a regular basis. Sprinkler heads can become misaligned
and may need to be readjusted manually to maintain appropriate coverage of the
zones they were meant to water. They may also be destroyed during ordinary yard
maintenance, such as mowing, and will need to be completely replaced. Pests and
invading tree roots have been known to destroy subterranean sections of
irrigation systems, resulting in costly repairs and grass damage since elements of
the system will need to be dug up to access and fix damaged pipes.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.6 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

Multi-Sensor Detector

1.Initiating Devices 3. Indicating Appliances
Initiating devices are components of The indicating appliances are the
an alarm system that detect smoke components of the system that
or fire. All of the detectors are sound the alarm and notify the
mounted on the building's ceiling. inhabitants to a fire threat. Indicating
devices include horns, chimes, bells,
2. Fire Alarm Panel and, in rare cases, strobe lights for
The user interface and core the disabled and elderly.
monitoring and controlling element
of the system is the fire alarm 4. Power Supplies
control panel. It has a display that The power supply cover the primary
shows the current status of the fire power from the breaker, as well as
alarm system as well as a touch pad batteries as a backup for 24 hours.
that allows onsite workers to
programme, troubleshoot, quiet, 5. Indicator Device
and reset the system. Devices include visible LED indicators
that reveal which zone of a building a
fire alarm was activated in.

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3.6 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

Automatic Sprinkler System

1. Frame 4. Orifice
The major structural component that The orifice through which
holds the sprinkler together is the extinguishing water passes is the
frame. The water supply piping is machined aperture at the base of the
linked to the sprinkler at the frame's sprinkler frame.
base. The frame secures the thermal
linkage and cap and provides support 5. Deflector
for the deflector during discharge. The deflector is attached to the frame
Standard and low profile frames, as on the opposite side of the orifice. Its
well as flush and hidden mount aim is to split up the water stream
frames, are available. emitted by the orifice, resulting in a
more efficient extinguishing pattern.

2. Thermal linkage

The thermal linkage is the component

that regulates water release. Under

normal circumstances, the

connection keeps the cap in place

and stops water flow. However, when

the connection is subjected to heat, it

weakens and the cap is released.

3. Cap
The water tight seal is provided by
the cap, which is situated above the
sprinkler orifice. It is kept in place by
the thermal linkage and falls from a
position once the linkage heats up to
allow water passage. The caps are
made entirely of metal.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.7 PRINCIPLE OF THE SYSTEM

1.Multi-sensor Detector
The starting devices outlined above are how a fire alarm system identifies a fire.
The fire alarm panel is linked to the system's starting devices through 2- or 4-wire
circuits. This circuitry enables the control panel to monitor the condition of its
initiating devices, often by zone, and determine if the devices are in normal or
alarm mode. The control panel displays these readings on its display panel. When
a fire starts, the smoke or heat will activate one of the starting devices, or
someone will engage the manual pull station, alerting the fire alarm system to the
fire and putting it into alarm mode.

2. Automatic Sprinkler System
Fire sprinklers function because high temperatures activate the sprinkler system.
When a fire starts, the air just above it warms up quickly. This heated air rises to
the ceiling and spreads. When hot enough air hits a sprinkler head, it sets off a
chain reaction. The majority of sprinkler heads have a glass bulb filled with a
glycerin-based liquid. When this liquid comes into touch with hot air, it expands.
When the liquid swells, it shatters the glass boundaries and triggers the sprinkler
head. It is critical that the water in a fire sprinkler system be pressured. This
permits the water to spray outward in an arc, thereby extinguishing the fire and
preventing it from rekindling.

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FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

3.8 BUILDING REGULATION

In Malaysia, fire safety is governed by the Uniform Building By-law (UBBL) 1984
under the Streets, Drainage and Building Act 1974. A fire-safe building should be
consider as one that provides adequate means of escape, adequate facilities for
fighting fire i.e. including adequate water supplies and access for fire fighting and
brigade vehicles, and adequate property and business protection (Yahya
Mohamad, 2009). The ionisation smoke detector is the most often used form of
the smoke detector. To detect smoke, these detectors use an ionisation chamber
as a source of ionising radiation. They are widely used since they are inexpensive
and can detect little amounts of smoke created by any sort of flame.
Based on the Department of Standard Malaysia(2009), the sound level provided
should be such that the fire alarm signal is immediately audible above any
ambient noise. The sound used for fire alarm purposes should be the same in all
parts of the building. The sound of the fire alarm should have a minimum level of
either 65 dB(A) or 5dB(A). These are minimum levels should all buildings must
have if the building installed a fire alarm.
The testing session should have approval between the user and the installer. The
approval will be given after the approving body give passed the testing session.

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3.8 BUILDING REGULATION

For public safety, fire sprinkler systems must be examined on a regular basis,
according to fire rules. Alarm testing, water flow and pressure, and control valve
performance will all be inspected. A visual check is also performed to ensure that
all sprinkler heads and pipework are corrosion-free, appropriately orientated,
supported, and have adequate clearance to efficiently fight fires while not
interfering with traffic or illumination during an emergency. All valves should be
properly labelled and sealed, and system calibration checks should be performed
on a regular basis. Regular inspection process ensures that your sprinkler system
is in good working order and ready to respond in an emergency. The majority of
alarms in current Malaysian systems will also notify the local fire department,
which must be confirmed. This includes inspecting the plumbing and drains to
ensure that there is enough water volume in the event of a fire.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.1 THE APPLICATION OF SYSTEM

Alternating current (AC) and direct A direct current (DC) is an electrical
current (DC) are the two forms of current that travels in a straight line.
electricity. Both are necessary for our Direct current sources include
modern devices to function correctly. batteries, solar cells, fuel cells, and
Different types of current flow in a certain modified alternators. A
circuit are described by the rectifier that converts AC to DC may
designations AC and DC. In direct also "make" DC electricity from AC
current (DC), the electric charge power. Most gadgets depend on DC
(current) only travels in one direction. power and utilize DC power sources
In alternating current (AC), on the such as batteries since DC power is
other hand, the direction of electric more reliable in terms of voltage
charge changes on a regular basis. delivery.

The current flow shifts from positive The voltage in an AC circuit
to negative as electrons move in periodically reverses because the
either a positive (upward) or negative current in the circuit changes
(downward) direction. This is known direction. The capacity to convert
as the sinusoidal AC wave, and it is voltage levels with a component (a
produced when power plants transformer) is one of the reasons AC
generate AC electricity using was selected as the dominant
alternators. method of long-distance
transmission. In AC, the current flow
changes from positive to negative as
electrons travel through it.

Difference between DC and AC voltages

By: MUHAMAD ILHAM SHAH BIN NORAZUWA 3
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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.1 THE APPLICATION OF SYSTEM

We will employ AC power as an electrical current for our proposed project. The
electrical market, on the other hand, is dominated by AC; all power outlets carry
AC electricity into buildings, even if the current must be converted to DC power
right afterwards. This is because DC cannot travel the same distance from power
plants to buildings as AC can. It is also simpler to make AC than DC due to the way
generators revolve, and the system is often less costly to run with AC.

Example of DC Power

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

Electrical energy is valuable because it is simpler to transport and distribute than
other energy sources, such as mechanical energy. The kind of distribution in big
buildings is governed by the building's type, height, supply cable length, and loads.
The following categories may be found in the distribution system:

1. THE SYSTEM OF VERTICAL SUPPLY (RISING MAINS)

Rising Mains

There are numerous types of vertical supply systems, including single rising main,
grouped supply, individual floor supply, ring main supply, double feed supply, and
others. In this configuration, there is just one main line to the top level, which
distributes to each floor independently. Typically utilized in situations when a high
level of supply security isn't necessary
To get the high voltage supply as near to the load centers as practicable,
transformers are placed on the top level, or if required, additional transformers
are placed on one of the intermediate floors. In these cases, transformers with
non-flammable insulation and cooling are employed. The height and form of the
rising mains are governed by the size and shape of the structure, and enough

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

shafts for installing cables and bus ducts must be supplied in consultation with the
building design.
A rising electrical main is an electrical main that delivers power to each floor of a
commercial property. An electrical distribution board will deliver energy to each
level, and individual electricity meters may be installed each floor. Before
ascending the whole vertical length of the building, electrical cable typically passes
via ground wires.

2. THE HORIZONTAL SUPPLY (DISTRIBUTION AT EACH FLOOR LEVEL)

Individual Floor System Supply

A distribution board is an electrical supply system component that distributes an
electrical power source into different circuits in a single enclosure while also
providing a protective fuse or circuit breaker for each circuit. On most current

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.2 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

boards, a primary switch is generally present, as are one or more residual current
devices (RCD) or residual current breakers with over current protection (RCBO).
Vertical supply, which is a rising main, is the most ideal electrical distribution
method for our proposed building. In multi-story commercial buildings, rising
electrical mains are a kind of power and energy distribution system. In this
configuration, just one main line runs to the higher level, and it distributes to each
floor independently. It's not particularly well-known, but it's easy to create and run,
and it's often used in regions where a robust supply security system isn't a
concern. The varying loads of distinct levels are balanced out, and just a tiny main
L.V board is needed, which is one of the system's benefits.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.3 INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 1 :
To begin, the power is supplied by a 13.8kV utility. Because it is cheaper, large
building owners will buy power at high voltages.
STEP 2 :
The power will then be scaled down from 480 to 277 volts via the transformer. This
transformer may be placed on a pad outside the building or within the structure in
a transformer room.
STEP 3 :
After that, the power is sent to switchgear. The switchgear's primary job is to
securely and effectively transmit energy to the numerous electrical closets around
the building.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.3 INSTALLATION PROCESS

STEP 4 :
The power will go via a major feeder or buzz after leaving the switchgear. The buzz
or feeder is a heavy gauge cable capable of safely and effectively transmitting high
amperage current throughout a structure.
STEP 5 :
Another step-down transformer will be installed in each electrical closet, lowering
the electricity from 480/277 volts to 120 volts for convenience outlets. The
transformer will then feed a branch panel, which will regulate a number of branch
circuits that run throughout the structure.
STEP 6:
Finally, each branch circuit will have power to meet a subset of electrical demands
in this area, such as lights, medium stalls for room networks, or energy to
appliances.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.4 THE BENEFITS OF THE SYSTEM

EASIER MOUNTING SMALLER SIZE FOR RISING MAINS.
Because all functions are Rising mains must have the same
managed by a system operator, size as the current rating of the
the operation and coordination of appropriate riser switch at the
such a system is very easy. The circuit's origin, and they must be
operating goals were to supply adequately designed to fulfill
excellent electricity to a customer demand. If the demand is 100
with almost constant voltage and watts, the grouped rising main will
frequency, while also assuring break into a group, lowering the
dependability and overall size of the rising main in contrast
economy to achieve a low cost. to a single rising main.
Power prices were "regularized"
and based on real expenditures.



SUITABLE FOR HIGH RISE BUILDING
In a multi-story building, the main electrical power lines are those that are
placed throughout the structure. Main power supply cables will typically
enter the building below and will be accessible inside the building by a
specially constructed raceway, access duct, or electrical room, depending on
the kind of structure. There will normally be a tap-off at each level to give
electricity to the individual floors of the building. The rising mains will extend
the whole height of the structure.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.5 THE PROBLEMS OF THE SYSTEM

LARGER POWER DISTRIBUTION LOAD BALANCED WITHIN GROUP

BOARD System designers and electricians

A panelboard, breaker panel, often try to balance loads

electric panel, DB board, or DB throughout a three-phase

box is another name for a distribution system during

distribution board. It is a construction. Electricians build

component of an electrical supply equipment and split kilovolt-

system that separates an amperes into phases such that

electrical power source into each phase carries the same

subsidiary circuits and provides a amount of load, albeit this is very

protective fuse or circuit breaker unusual (Barnett, 2009). The load

for each circuit in its own is balanced within a group while

enclosure. Because the power utilizing the rising main supply
supply is split inside a group, each system, which increases the
challenge of balancing it as


group separated by the grouping
floors requires a bigger power compared to a single rising main

distribution board. supply system.

LOW ELECTRICAL SUPPLY SECURITY
The capacity of a system to offer and sustain a regular power supply to a
customer is known as security electrical supply (Electrical Authority, n.d).
One of the issues with expanding main supply is the lack of electrical
security during distribution. For this planned skyscraper, grouped rising
main supply systems are envisaged. This sort of system has a poor level of
electrical supply security (AlMashat, n.d.). Any issue with the electrical supply
system will have an impact on the power on the floors that have been
grouped.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.6 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

SWITCHBOARD
The purpose of a switchboard is to transfer power from one place to another.
It consists of various electronic components that assist in the operation of
electric circuits, such as circuits, controllers, and busbars. It has switchboards
and electrical panels. Installed switches on each panel inside the switchboard
may be used to reroute the power. By stopping or switching circuits' flow, it is
possible to control or appropriately steer them. It's also used as a circuit
indicator, detecting the electrical current intensity of circuits. A switchboard
must send the same amount of power as it receives in order to function
(SFGATE,2017). The main switch room and the low voltage switch room are
both equipped with switchboards in this proposed structure.

The bus, overcurrent protecting
devices, enclosures, external



coverings, and the frame of the

switchboard are all components.
Connections and a series of circuit
breakers, busbar, and other auxiliary
electrical equipment are located
within the switchboard. Circuit
breakers are overcurrent protection
devices that may be turned on or off
or pushed to reset electrical current.
The electrical current will then be sent
to each level of the building by a
busbar linked to the switchboard.

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ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

4.6 FUNCTION AND CONNECTION

SWITCH GEAR
The purpose of switch gear is to distribute electricity to various sections of a
facility, as well as the electrical loads inside those regions, utilizing circuit
protection devices such as fuses, circuit breakers, or switches. It has the ability
to terminate short circuits and faults without affecting other circuits (Relectric,
2017). As a result, it is possible to supply continuous electrical delivery. It
safeguards the building's equipment by limiting the amount of current flowing
through the system and establishing safe limits (Eaton, n.d.). This equipment is
placed in the planned building's main switch room.

Switch gears are made up of a series
of circuit protection devices that are
connected together. All of these
devices are placed and connected to a



switch gear, which serves as a

centralized collecting point for all of
them. These constructions are
erected in groups of one or more
individuals. In contrast to a
switchboard, which allows each panel
to divert power, switch gear protects
and isolates electrical equipment from
the rest of the system. Busbars are
linked to a switchgear, which is made
up of a variety of breakers and fuses
that are used to disconnect various
pieces of equipment.

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