Online Vol 16 No 1 January March 2026

Quarterly InternationalJournal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic SciencesPeer Reviewed, Referred and with DOISJ Impact Factor 8.638Yoga Karmeshu KoshlamEditor in ChiefMs. Ruby SharmaPesyISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol. 16 No 1, January-March 2026

Quarterly International Journal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic SciencesISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394, VOL. 16, NO.1, January-March 2026Peer Reviewed, Referred and with DOI SJ Impact Factor 8.638Papers written in English/HindiEditor in ChiefMs. Ruby SharmaSudhir Surya Yoga College & Research CentreC-84, LIG Flats, Ashok Vihar Phase IV, Delhi 110052 Ph: 08733934440, 9868910376, 9990803459Email: [email protected]: www.mrdsect.onlinePesy

iiAbout the JournalPesy is a referred International, Quarterly and Bi lingual Journal of Physical Education, Sports Management and Yogic Sciences. It promotes interdisciplinary perspective to discuss issues of National and International Significance. Its regular features include research book editorial correspondence. All the Research papers are subject to a double – blind referring processand are published on the recommendations of referees and discretion of the editor. As far as the Research papers are concerned, the views or statements expressed in the Research papers are solely of the author and the editor is not responsible for the same.PURPOSES1. Cooperation in the exchange of information about Physical education, sports Management and Yogic Science Culture worldwide2. Development of both the physical and mental aspects of Physical Education, Sports Management and Yoga.3. Balance of advanced theories and common practices.AIMS1. To provide a medium for the exchange of information and an opportunity for cooperation and development among various countries worldwide.2. To promote the study of both and physical and mental aspect of physical education, sports management and yogic sciencesby using the advances in scientific research results.3. To establish a common foundation of theory based on the positive differences of various backgrounds.4. To develop interest in the significant study of various researchers.Printed and Published by Mrs. Ruby Sharma on behalf of Master Rameshwar Dutt Sharma Educational and Charitable Trust, A1-353, Blue’s Springfield Society, Opposite Gayatri Mandir Katamba, Pavlepur Village, Vadodara Gujarat 390019

iiiEditorial BoardPatronProf. Dr. R. ThirumalaisamyEmeritus Professor, Department of Physical Education, Alagappa University, TNFormer (Founder) First Vice Chancellor, TNPESU, Chennai, TamilNadu, India Mobile No. 9443326547, Email Id: [email protected] in ChiefMrs. Ruby SharmaAdvisory BoardDr. Chia Hua Kuo (Taiwan) Email:[email protected]: +886-2-28718288 ext.5802Catarina Isabel N. G. Abrantes (Portugal) Email: [email protected], Ph: 259350890 Dr. Essam Eldin Shaaban A. H (Egypt) Email id: [email protected]. Yousra Al-Sinani (Oman)Phone: +968 2414 1634Email: [email protected]. George Abraham(India)Mo: 99656 25502Email id: [email protected]. Inder Mohan Datta (India) Mobile No.: 9818330804 Email id: [email protected]. Nagendra Sharma (India)Email: [email protected]: 9412038902Dr. J. K. Thakur (India)Mo: 9421710105Email: [email protected]’s BoardProf. M Chandra Kumar(India)E-Mail:[email protected]: 9449040903Dr. A. Shenbagavalli (India)Email Id: [email protected]: 9443411072Dr. Kaukab Azeem (Saudi Arab)Mob. 00966 534097996Email Id.: [email protected]. D. Maniazhagu (India) Mobile No.: 9865204005Email id.: [email protected]://www.indianjournals.com/ijor.aspx?target=ijor:ijpesmys&type=eboardAll correspondence related to the Journal should be addressed to Head Office:-Mrs. Ruby Sharma (Editor in Chief)Master Rameshwar Dutt Sharma Educational and Charitable Trust, Regd. Office: C-84, LIG Flats, Ashok Vihar Phase IV, Delhi 110052,Head Office: A1-353, Blue’s Springfield Society, Opposite Gayatri Mandir Katamba, Pavlepur Village, Vadodara Gujarat 390019Ph: 08733934440, 09990803469, Website: www.mrdsect.in/pesy, Email: [email protected]

ivGUIDELINES FOR AUTHORSProcedureCommunicationPESY welcomes articles of interest representing original work, analytical papers and papers based on review of extensive literature on Physical Education, Sports Management and Yogic Sciences for publication in it. All communications should be addressed to the Mrs. Ruby Sharma (Editor).DeclarationEach article should be accompanied with a declaration by all the authorsthat I/They are the authors of the article in the order in which listed; and the article is original, has not been published and has not been submitted for publication elsewhere.It is the author’s responsibility to obtain permission in writing for the use of all previously published material, not that of the editor or publisher.ManuscriptManuscriptsshould be type/written (double spacing) on one side of the white A4 paper. These should normally consist of five to eight thousand words. The length of the full paper must be 8-10 single spaced (Books typed) pages. Please use Time New Roman Font with 12pt. size. (In adobePageMaker), Papersin Hindi language should be typed in Krutidev 40, 12pt. size in adobe PageMaker (Book Styled).Submission of ArticlesArticles should be sent by post or e-mail along with your brief bio-data and email Id. One hard copy along with the CD should be sent.Review SystemEvery Article will be reviewed by a masked peer review by two referees.The criteria used for acceptance of articles are contemporary relevance, contribution to knowledge, clear and logical analysis, and sound methodologyof research articles. The Editor reserves the right to reject any manuscript as unsuitable in topic, style or form without requesting external review.CopyrightThe author owns the copyright of the article until it is accepted by the Editor for publication. After the acceptance communication, the copyright of the article is owned by the PESY, C/o Master Rameshwar Dutt Sharma Educational and Charitable Trust, and should not be reproduced elsewhere without the written permission of the Editor and the authors of the article.Preparation of the Article TitlePageThe title page includes the title of the article, name/s of the authors, position/s their institution and e-mail address/s. repeat only the title on the first page of the article.AbstractThe first page of the article should contain an abstract of the article not exceeding 200 words.

vSpellingsUse British spellings in all case instead of American (Concise Oxford Dictionary).Underlining WordsWords underlined in a manuscript appear in Italics when typeset. Don’t underline words for emphasizing them.AbbreviationsA term to be abbreviated must, on its first appearance, be written out completely and followed immediately by its abbreviation in parentheses. Thereafter, the abbreviation may be used without further explanation.NumbersUse figures to express all numbers 10 and above. Use words to expressnumberslower than 10, and common fraction numbers that begin a sentence/title.NotesFootnotes should be listed as notes in an appendix and not typed at the bottom of the manuscript pages on which they appear.QuotationsVerbatim citation of fewer than 40 words may be incorporated in thetext, enclosed with double quotation marks. A quotation of more than 40 words may be displayed as a free standing block. Do not use quotation marks for the block quotation. Give the source of the quotation in the form of author’s last name, year and page number in parentheses.If you are using Graphs, Tables or any Type of Data in your research paper please give Source of that table, graph or data.Reference List1. The author should follow the APA style in to. The reference list at the end should provide complete information necessary to identify and retrieve each source. References sited in the text must appear in the reference list; conversely, each entry in the reference list must be sited in the text, both should be identical in spelling and year.2. An article published in journal may be listed as: Author’s last name,initials, year of publication, name of the article, name of the journal in italics, volume number, issue number in parentheses, and page number.3. An article published in an edited book may be listed in the followingformat: Author’s last name, initials, year of publication, name of the article, initial and surname of editors, Ed/s in parentheses, title of the book in italics, place of publication and name of publisher, separated by a colon.4. A book may be listed in the following manner: Author’s last name, initials, year of publication, title of the book in italics, place of publication and name of publisher, separated by a colon.

vi5. When a reference has more than one author, list all the author’s names.6. For an institutional report, write full name of the institute as the author. For a Government report, the author is the name of the country/state and the name of the Ministry/Department, separated by a colon.7. Arrange references in the alphabetical order.If information is missing in the reference, (?) will be inserted in the published paper.Important Information’s1. Acceptance of the paper will be sent through e-mail.2. All decisions regarding members on Editorial board or Associate Membership will rest with the Editor-in-Chief.3. For getting the copies of “Reprints’, kindly inform before the publication ofthe Journal. In thisregard, the fees will be charged from the author.4. Authors should submit their research paper/Article along with declarationform.5. Research Papers will be reviewed and will be published on the recommendations of the members of the Referee’s Board, the advisory board and experts of the subjects and the discretion of the editor.

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CONTENTSixS. No. TOPICPage No.1. EFFECT OF FARTLEK TRAINING COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT RUNNING-BASED HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE OF MEN SOCCER PLAYERSDinil S., Dr. D. Maniazhagu, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi1-112. STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS BETWEEN REMOTE PROFESSIONALS AND ON-SITE PROFESSIONALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDYDeepanshu Choudhary, Dr. Anu Sharma12-173. EFFECT OF BATTLE ROPE AND JUMP ROPE TRAINING COMBINED WITH LADDER DRILLS ON BODY COMPOSITION IN COLLEGE MEN STUDENTS Gopinath A., Dr. D. Maniazhagu, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi18-284. ISOLATED AND COMBINED EFFECT OF PLYOMETRIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC POWER PERFORMANCE OF MALE CRICKET PLAYERSK. Rajasekar, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi29-355. STUDY OF PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES OF SCHOOLSTUDENT IN NIPHAD TALUKAManisha Dhupchand Laghane, Dr. M.S. Rathod36-386. EFFECT OF LOW INTENSITY PLYOMETRIC TRAINING COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT MUSCLE RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ON SPEED OF JUNIOR ATHLETESManikandan S., Dr. D. Maniazhagu, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi39-467. EFFECT OF DROP BALL GAME TRAINING ON SELECTED MOTOR SKILLS AND SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS OF ATHLETES Nagsen Dyaneshwarrao Atkore, Dr. Abdul Waheed 47-548. EFFECT OF DIFFERENT NEUROMUCULAR TRAINING ON AGILITY OF JUNIOR ATHLETESShanthi S., Dr. D. Maniazhagu, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi55-639. EFFECT OF CONCURRENT COMPLEX TRAINING AND AEROBIC TRAINING ON VO2 MAX OF COLLEGE HANDBALL PLAYERSByju K., Dr. P. Kaleeswaran64-72

CONTENTSx10. INDIVIDUALIZED AND COMBINED EFFECT OF KETTLE BELL, AEROBIC TRAINING ON RESTING HEART RATE AMONG COLLEGE MEN KABADDI PLAYERS P. Nithish, Dr. M. Kalaiselvi73-8211. SPORTS AS A PLATFORM FOR BUILDING INCLUSIVE AND VALUE-BASED COMMUNITIESRohan, Dr. Amanendra Mann83-8712. EFFECT OF VARIED NEUROMUSCULAR TRAINING ON FLEXIBILITY OF SCHOOL ATHLETESSanthose T., Dr. P. Kaleeswaran88-94

EditorialxIt gives me immense pleasure to present the Volume 16 No.1 issue of PESY: International Journal of Physical Education, Sports Management and Yogic Sciences. With each volume, our journal continues to uphold its mission of fostering interdisciplinary scholarship and advancing both the physical and mental dimensions of education, sports, and yogic sciences. This issue brings together a diverse range of research contributions that reflect the evolving landscape of physical education and sports sciences. The lead article, Effect of Fartlek Training Combined with Different Running-Based High Intensity Interval Training on Anaerobic Endurance of Men Soccer Players, highlights the growing importance of innovative conditioning methods in enhancing athletic performance. The findings underscore how carefully designed training regimes can significantly improve anaerobic endurance, a crucial component in competitive soccer. Equally compelling is the comparative study on Psychological Well-Being of Young Professionals Between Remote and On-Site Professionals. In today’s rapidly changing work environment, this research provides timely insights into job satisfaction and burnout, reminding us that psychological health is as vital as physical fitness in sustaining professional excellence. Other contributions in this issue explore varied dimensions of sports science and physical education: from battle rope and jump rope training effects on body composition, to neuromuscular training for agility and flexibility, and the role of plyometric and resistance training in enhancing anaerobic power. Together, these papers reflect the journal’s commitment to publishing research that is both scientifically rigorous and practically relevant. Our editorial board and referees have ensured that each paper published here has undergone a thorough double-blind review process, maintaining the highest standards of academic integrity. I extend my gratitude to all authors, reviewers, and contributors for their dedication and scholarly engagement. As we move forward, PESY continues to serve as a platform for global exchange of knowledge, encouraging collaboration across disciplines and cultures. I invite researchers, educators, and practitioners to contribute to future issues, helping us build a stronger foundation for the study and practice of physical education, sports management, and yogic sciences.Warm regards,Mrs. Ruby SharmaEditor in Chief

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.11EFFECT OF FARTLEK TRAINING COMBINED WITH DIFFERENT RUNNING-BASED HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE OF MEN SOCCER PLAYERSDOI No. 10.5958/2278-795X.2026.00001.0Dinil S. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Physical Education &Health Sciences, Alagappa UniversityDr. D. Maniazhagu, Supervisor, Department of Physical Education &Health Sciences, Alagappa UniversityDr. M. Kalaiselvi, Co-Supervisor, Department of Physical Education &Health Sciences, Alagappa UniversityABSTRACT:Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of fartlek training combined with different running based high intensity interval training on anaerobic endurance of men soccer players. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 60 men soccer players who taking part in the inter collegiate level football tournament from University, Calicut Kerala. The age ranged between eighteen to twentyone years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the anaerobic endurance was tested by 300 yards shuttle run test and performance recorded in seconds. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by way analysis of co variance. The level of confidence was fixed at 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The one-way analysis of co variance showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in anaerobic endurance over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on anaerobic endurance was observed. The findings indicate that the selected training regimes led to significant improvement on anaerobic endurance.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.12Keywords: 1. Fartlek, 2. Sprint interval, 3. Pyramid sprint, 4. Anaerobic endurance 5. Ancova.INTRODUCTION:Many training programme have influenced in the game of soccer to enhancing the performance of the game (Plyometric, Interval and Resistance training). However, the fartlek training has most vital training to attacking the three major energy systems. It is a good way to train all three of the energy systems and also different muscle fibertypes because of the large variations in intensity. The fartlek, Swedish for \"Speed Play,\" Training method is an exceptional fitness tool that is excellent for soccer-specific conditioning. First used by runners, Fartlek features short bursts of all-out effort interspersed with less demanding longer intervals at a slower pace. The long-range benefit of fartlek training is an improved ability to adapt quickly to changes in intensity during perpetual motion, as on the football field. Fartlek helps to train player body to react to changing intensities which can be very important in some sports, especially team sports such as hockey, rugby or soccer. This type of training can improve both aerobic and anaerobic energy levels. In addition to runners, fartlek training helps players of field games such as football, soccer, rugby, hockey and lacrosse as it develops aerobic and aerobic capacities. Soccer is characterized by high aerobic demands interspersed with frequent bursts of anaerobic activity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) is considered a viable alternative to traditional endurance conditioning and offers the additional time-saving benefits of anaerobic training. METHODOLOGY: The experimental study enrolled 60 men soccer players who taking part inter collegiate level football tournament from University, Calicut Kerala. The age ranged between eighteen to twenty-one years, which were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using random sampling and divided into three intervention groups and a control group. The test items used to collect the anaerobic endurance was tested by 300 yards shuttle run test and performance recorded in meters. The 12 weeks of stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 60-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.13TABLE-1THE END RESULTS OF ANALYSIS OF COVARIANCE ON ANAEROBIC ENDURANCE OF EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUP(Scores in Seconds)Test FT FTSI FTPS CG SV SS Df MS ‘F’ Ratiop value Pre TestMean 41.92 41.91 41.86 41.92 Between 0.04 3 0.013 0.027 0.994S.D. 0.86 0.65 0.64 0.65 Within 28.39 56 0.51Post TestMean 39.18 37.32 35.83 41.94 Between 311.58 3 103.86 167.04* 0.00S.D. 0.81 1.00 0.61 0.66 Within 34.81 36 0.622Adjusted Post TestMean 39.18 37.32 35.84 41.94 Between 310.68 3 103.56 165.15* 0.00Within 34.48 55 0.62The pre-test means of anaerobic endurance were 41.92 and SD 0.86 for fartlek training, 41.91 and SD 0.65 for fartlek with sprint interval training, 41.86 and SD 0.64 for fartlek training with pyramid sprint training and 41.92 and SD 0.65 for control group. The obtained F ratio 0.027 was lesser than the table F ratio 2.77 Hence the pre-test was not significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the degrees of freedom 3 and 55. The post-test means of anaerobic endurance were 39.18 and SD 0.81 for fartlek training, 37.32 and SD 1.00 for fartlek with sprint interval training, 35.83 and SD 0.61 for fartlek with pyramid sprint training and 41.94 and SD 0.66 for control group. The obtained F ratio 167.04 was higher than the table F ratio 2.77 Hence the pot-test was significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the degrees of freedom 3 and 55. The adjusted post-test means of anaerobic endurance were 39.18 for fartlek training, 37.32 for fartlek with sprint interval training, 35.84 for fartlek with pyramid sprint training and 41.94 for control group. The obtained F ratio 165.15 was higher than the table F ratio 2.77 Hence the adjusted pot-test was significant at 0.05 level of confidence for the degrees of freedom 3 and 55. The results has clearly proved that there was a significant difference noticed among the experimental groups. To observe the superiority effect among the training group the Bonferroni multiple pair wise test was observed.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.14TABLE-2BONFERRONI PAIR WISE MULTIPLE COMPARISON ON AGILITY AMONG THE EXPERIMENTAL AND CONTROL GROUPFT FTSI FTPS CG Mean Differences P value 39.18 37.32 - - 1.85* 0.0039.18 - 35.84 - 3.34* 0.0039.18 - - 41.94 2.75* 0.00- 37.32 35.84 - 1.48* 0.00- 37.32 - 41.94 4.61* 0.00- - 35.84 41.94 6.10* 0.00(Significant at 0.05 level)Significant comparisons:1) The fartlek training and fartlek training combined with sprint interval2) The fartlek training and fartlek training combined with pyramid sprint3) The fartlek training with control group4) The fartlek training with sprint interval and fartlek training with pyramid sprint5) The fartlek training with sprint interval and control group.6) The fartlek training with pyramid sprint control croup.The mean differences values of above comparisons were 189.44, 183.18, 260.42, 6.26, 449.86 and 443.6 respectively, which is lesser than the p values of 0.05 level of confidence. Hence the above all comparisons were show the significant different improvement of cardio respiratory endurance.COMPARISON RESULTS:1) The fartlek training combined with sprint interval has better than fartlek training combined with pyramid sprint 2) The fartlek training combined with pyramid sprint has shown the second best than the fartlek training alone.3) The training also shows the least improvement on anaerobic enduranceDISCUSSION OF FINDINGS:The Twelve weeks of fartlek training (FT), fartlek training combined with sprint interval training (FT+ST), fartlek training combined with pyramid sprint training (FT+PS) resulted in greater

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.15improvements in anaerobic endurance compared to the control group. The following studies in line with the current studies.Nimeshkumar D Chaudhari (2017), his present study examined to examine the effect of sand running on speed and cardiorespiratory endurance among male students aged 18-24 years from Gujarat Vidyapith. The study highlights the effectiveness of sand running as a training method for enhancing key physical fitness components. Mansi Shingala & Yagna unmesh Shukla (2019), their study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of Fartlek training a Swedish method meaning speed play on cardiorespiratory fitness andmuscular endurance among young adults. The findings suggest that Fartlek training is more effective than conventional aerobic exercise in enhancing cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance in young adults. Yashoda Rani (2018), her study was conducted to determine the effect of Fartlek training on cardiorespiratory endurance and resting pulse rate among male kabaddi players. The results revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance and a reduction in resting pulse rate in the Fartlek training group compared to the control group. The study concludes that Fartlek training is effective in enhancing endurance and improving cardiovascular efficiency among kabaddi players. M, E., & R, M. E. (2014), their study explored to examine the effect of Fartlek training on cardiorespiratory endurance, breath holding time, and resting pulse rate among school boys. The results revealed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance in the experimental group, whereas no significant changes were observed in breath-holding time and resting pulse rate. The findings indicate that Fartlek training is effective in improving endurance but has limited impact on other physiological variables within the duration of the study. Anoushka Bhutada & Nidhi Ladha (2024), their research analyzed to investigate the effect of Fartlek training on cardiovascular endurance and speed among amateur basketball players. The results revealed a highly significant improvement in VO₂ max, indicating enhanced cardiovascularendurance, along with a significant improvement in speed performance. The findings suggest that Fartlek training is an effective method for improving both aerobic capacity and speed in young basketball players.Liang W et.al. (2024), their systematic review and meta-analysis compared the effects of Sprint Interval Training (SIT) and ModerateIntensity Continuous Training (MICT) on blood pressure and

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.16cardiorespiratory fitness in adults. Eight randomized controlled trials with 169 participants were analyzed. Results showed that SIT significantly reduced systolic blood pressure but had no significant effect on diastolic pressure, whereas MICT significantly reduced both. Both methods improved VO₂ max, with MICT showing slightly greater improvement. No significant difference was observed between the two training methods in overall blood pressure outcomes. Subgroup analysis indicated that longer SIT duration and shorter sprint intervals were more effective. The study concludes that SIT is an effective and time-efficient alternative that can complement traditional MICT. Taura N. Willoughby et.al. (2015), their investigation focused on to determine the effectiveness of a 4-week running sprint interval training (SIT) programme on aerobic and anaerobic fitness in young (20-30 years) and middle-aged adults (40-50 years). The study concludes that SIT is equally effective in enhancing aerobic and anaerobic fitness in both young and middle-aged adults. Dean N et.al. (2025), their research evaluated to examine the effects of sprint-intensity arm interval training on cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health in a 17-year-old boy with cerebral palsy. The findings suggest that arm-based sprint interval training is a safe and effective method for improving fitness in children with mobility disabilities. Further research is recommended to confirm these results.T. Madhankumar & D. Sakthignanavel (2015), their study aimed to assess to analyze the effects of continuous running and Fartlek training on cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance among football players. The findings indicated significant improvements in both cardiorespiratory and muscular endurance in the experimental groups compared to the control group. However, no significant difference was observed between continuous running and Fartlek training methods. The study highlights that both training approaches are equally effective in enhancing endurance performance among football players. Adapa Mohana Raju (2024), his present research assessed to examine the effects of circuit training and interval training on cardiorespiratory endurance and VO₂ max among long-distance runners. The study concludes that both training methods are beneficial, with circuit training offering a slight advantage in enhancing endurance performance. Wang S et.al. (2025), they evaluate the effectiveness of repeated sprint training (RST) compared to highintensity interval training (HIIT) on aerobic and anaerobic power among collegiate male rugby players. The study concludes that RST is

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.17more effective than HIIT for enhancing performance-related fitness components in rugby players. Ron Aldren B et.al. (2024), their investigation analyzed to examine the effect of Fartlek training on anaerobic performance among ultimate Frisbee players using the Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST). Results indicated that most players showed improvement in anaerobic performance after the training programme. However, variations were observed in fatigue tolerance among participants. The study concludes that Fartlek training is effective in enhancing anaerobic capacity, with limited influence on fatigue index, and can be used to optimize performance in ultimate Frisbee players. Arben Bici & Agron Kasa (2025), they The study was conducted to examine that the effects of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) incorporating Fartlek and change-of-direction (COD) exercises on aerobic and anaerobic capacities in young soccer players. The study concludes that HIIT combined with Fartlek and COD is an effective training method for improving overall fitness in young soccer players.Noor Aleem A S (2016), their study effectively examined the impact of fartlek training on key physical variables among college-level sprinters. The findings clearly demonstrated significant improvements in speed and anaerobic power among the trained group. Overall, the study highlights fartlek training as a highly effective method for enhancing sprint performance. Jose, Roy N & Sathyaraja, R (2026), their experimental study compared the effects of plyometric and fartlek training on key performance variables in basketball players. Overall, plyometric training proved superior for explosive performance, whereas fartlek training better supports cardiovascular endurance.Ibrahim Halil Şahin & Ali Osman Kıvrak (2025), they explored in the influence of isokinetic leg strength, balance, and anaerobic endurance on different phases of 100 m sprint performance. The findings highlight that multiple physical factors collectively contribute to sprint performance. Overall, maximum speed and sprint maintenance phases were most strongly influenced by these variables. Tongwu Y et.al. (2025), their study compared the effectiveness and consistency of three HIIT protocols APR, MAP, and SIT on physiological adaptations in elite male rowers. The findings indicate that SIT provides more consistent and reliable training adaptations compared to APR and MAP methods. Overall, SIT emerges as the most efficient protocol for maximizing performance and uniformity among elite rowers. Zhao, D.et. al. (2024), they research sought to determine that the effectiveness

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.18of low-volume, court-based sprint interval training (SIT) on anaerobic capacity and tennis specific performance in competitive players. The SIT group showed significant improvements in peak and average power, along with enhanced intermittent recovery performance. Notably, repeated sprint ability improved with reduced sprint times, indicating better sport-specific performance. SIT also resulted in higher training intensity, as reflected by greater time spent near maximal heart rate. Overall, SIT proved more effective than traditional endurance training in improving anaerobic fitness and performance in tennis players. Maximiliane Thron (2025), their study attempted to evaluate that the relationship between anaerobic speed reserve (ASR) and acute responses to short format high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in adolescent runners. Overall, the findings highlight the importance of individualized training based on ASR to optimize performance and reduce the risk of overload. Arun P J et.al. (2024), their research focused on analyzing that the effects of aided and resisted sprint training on anaerobic power among female Kho-Kho athletes. The findings revealed that both aided and resisted sprint training effectively enhanced anaerobic power. Overall, these methods are valuable for improving performance in female Kho-Kho players.CONCLUSIONS:1) Twelve weeks of fartlek training (FT), fartlek training with sprint interval training (FT+SI) fartlek training with pyramid sprint (FT+PS) resulted in greater improvements in anaerobic endurance compared to the control group.2) Among the three experimental groups, fartlek training with sprint interval training (FT+SI), produced the greatest improvement in anaerobic endurance, outperforming both fartlek training with pyramid sprint (FT+PS) and fartlek training (FT).3) The fartlek training with pyramid sprint (FT+PS) showed significantly greater improvement than the fartlek training (FT) group.4) The least improvement among the experimental groups was observed in the fartlek training (FT) group.5) The control group showed no improvement in anaerobic endurance among men football players.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.19REFERENCES:1. Adapa Mohana Raju (2024). Effect of circuit training and interval training on cardio respiratory endurance and vo2 max among long distance runner. ShodhKosh: Journal of Visual and Performing Arts, 5(6), 2672–2679, DOI:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i6.2024.46242. Anoushka Bhutada & Nidhi Ladha (2024). Effectiveness of 4-week Fartlek Training on Cardiovascular Endurance and Speed among Amateur Basketball Players. International Journal of Health Sciences and Research, Volume 14; Issue: 10; October, DOI: https://doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.202410023. Arben Bici & Agron Kasa (2025). Effects of 8-week HIIT (Fartlek) combined with Change of Direction (COD) training on aerobic and anaerobic capacity in 18-year-old soccer players. August 2025 Scientific Journal of Sport and Performance 4(4):557-569, DOI:10.55860/NBQI84534. Arun P J, Shibin Dev, Waseem Ahmad Bhat & Nalini B (2024). Influence of resisted and assisted sprint training on anaerobic power among women Kho-Kho players. E-ISSN: 2583-8296, Vol.2, No. 1, 2024, DOI:10.60081/SSHA.02.01.2024.193-1975. Dean N, Sinha T, Bright L, Ellison KM, Sayer D, Young R, Davis D, Rimmer JH, Lai B (2025). Sprint-Intensity Arm Interval Training May Improve Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Cardiometabolic Health Among Children With Mobility Disabilities: Case Report. JMIR Form Res. 2025 Oct 8; 9:e64440. doi: 10.2196/64440. PMID: 41061149; PMCID: PMC12507328.6. İbrahim Halil Şahin & Ali Osman Kıvrak (2025). Analysis of the phases of sprint in terms of isokinetic leg strength, anaerobic endurance, and balance. Journal of Men's Health. 2025. 21(10); 62-78, DOI: 10.22514/jomh.2025.127January 2019Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 13(2):86 DOI:10.5958/0973-5674.2019.00051.07. Jose, Roy N & Sathyaraja, R (2026.). A Comparative Study on Plyometric Training Over Fartlek Training on Speed, Agility, and Endurance among Collegiate Basketball Players. Medical Journal of Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth 19(3):p 251-256, March 2026. | DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_256_258. Liang W, Liu C, Yan X, Hou Y, Yang G, Dai J, Wang S (2024). The impact of sprint interval training versus moderate intensity continuous

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.110training on blood pressure and cardiorespiratory health in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PeerJ. 2024 Mar 14; 12:e17064. DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17064. PMID: 38495758; PMCID: PMC10944631.9. M, E., & R, M. E. (2014). Effect of Fartlek Training on Selected Physiological Parameters among College Male Athletes. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 3(4), 77–83. https://doi.org/10.26524/1441210. Mansi Shingala & Yagna unmesh Shukla (2019). Effectiveness of fartlek training on cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular endurance in young adults: a randomized control trial.11. Maximiliane Thron, Ludwig Ruf, Martin Buchheit, Sascha Härtel, Alexander Woll & Stefan Altmann (2025). Anaerobic speed reserve and acute responses to a short-format high-intensity interval session in runners. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. Volume 28, Issue 5, May 2025, Pages 408-417, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2024.12.01212. Nimeshkumar D Chaudhari (2017). Effect of fartlek training on speed and cardio-respiratory endurance of university men students. Int J Physiol Nutr Phys Educ 2017; 2(1): Pages: 273-275.13. Noor Aleem A S (2016). Effect of fartlek training on selected physical variables among sprinters. 2016 IJRAR June 2016, Volume 3, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)14. Ron Aldren B. Abustan, Zoe Bernadette C. Tolentino, Ma. Latiffa G. Villaluz, & Antonio F. Enriquez Jr. (2024). Effectiveness of fartlek training in anaerobic performance of ultimate frisbee players. International Journal on Management Education and Emerging Technology (IJMEET), 2(2), 61–73. Retrieved from https://ijmeet.org/index.php/journal/article/view/4115. T. Madhankumar & D. Sakthignanavel (2015). Effect of continuous running and fartlek training on cardio respiratory endurance and muscular endurance of football players. International research journal of physical education and sports sciences. ISSN: 2394 –7985 PEER REVIEWED ONLINE VOLUME: II ISSUE: II AUGUST 201516. Taura N. Willoughby, Matthew P.L. Thomas, Matthew S. Schmale,Jennifer L. Copeland &Tom J. Hazell (2015). Four weeks of running sprint interval training improves cardiorespiratory fitness in young and middle-aged adults. Journal of Sports Sciences. Volume 34, 2016 -Issue 13, https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1102316

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.11117. Tongwu Y, Jinghui Z, Chuanwei D, Zijian Z and Yuxiong X (2025) Supramaximal interval training using anaerobic speed reserve or sprint interval training in rowers. Front. Physiol. 16:1516268. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2025.151626818. Wang S, Tang J, Liu S, Li H, Li Q, Pan L, Chen Z, Liu C (2025). Improving of 6 weeks of repeated sprint training on the aerobic and anaerobic power of college-age male rugby players. Front Physiol. 2025 Jul 29; 16:1620197. DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2025.1620197. PMID: 40800733; PMCID: PMC12339488.19. Yashoda Rani (2018). Effect of fartlek training cardiac-respiratory endurance and resting pulse rate and kabaddi male players. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, Online ISSN: 2349-4182, Print ISSN: 2349-5979, Impact Factor: RJIF 5.72, Received: 30-12-2017; Accepted: 28-01-2018, www.allsubjectjournal.com, Volume 5; Issue 1; January 2018; Page No. 210-21120. Zhao, D., Liu, H., Yang, W. et al (2024). Effects of low-volume courtbased sprint interval training on anaerobic capacity and sport-specific performance in competitive tennis players. Sci Rep 14, 19131 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-70198-9

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.112STUDY OF PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL BEING OF YOUNG PROFESSIONALS BETWEEN REMOTE PROFESSIONALS AND ON-SITE PROFESSIONALS: A COMPARATIVE STUDYDOI No. 10.5958/2278-795X.2026.00002.7Deepanshu Choudhary, Research Scholar, Panjab University, Chandigarh.Dr. Anu Sharma, Supervisor & Associate Professor, at Post Graduate Government College for Girls, Sector 11, Panjab University, Chandigarh.ABSTRACT:Young professionals' psychological health has been greatly impacted by the quick transition hybrid work models. This study examined the disparities in job satisfaction and burnout between professionals who work remotely and those who work on-site. Forty participants, 20 of whom were remote employees and 20 on-site employees aged 25 to 35, from Nokia Solutions and Networks Pvt. Ltd., participated in a study. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (1996) was used to measure burnout, and the Job Satisfaction Survey (Bellingham, 2004) was used to gauge job satisfaction. Independent sample t-tests revealed no statistically significant differences between the two groups in terms of job satisfaction (p = .084) or burnout (p = .196). These results suggest that young professionals' levels of job satisfaction and burnout are not substantially impacted by their work environment, whether on-site or remote. Future research directions are discussed, including broader sampling and the inclusion of additional psychological variables, as well as implications for organizational practices.Keywords: burnout, job satisfaction, remote work, on-site work, psychological well-being, young professionalsINTRODUCTION: The emergence of hybrid work models in recent years has significantly changed the nature of work. For the psychological health of the workforce, these changes have presented both new opportunities and challenges. Emotional, mental, and social health are all parts of psychological well-being, which is a complex idea that greatly

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.113influences how people view and handle their personal and professional lives. The six main components of psychological well-being are selfacceptance, personal development, life purpose, environmental mastery, autonomy, and positive interpersonal relationships, according to Carol D. Ryff (1989). As workers deal with changing job structures, technology breakthroughs, and increased demands for work-life integration, Ryff's model is still very applicable today. Increased stressors like job instability, high expectations, and the need for constant adaptation are particularly affecting young professionals, and they may have an impact on their levels of job satisfaction and burnout. According to Maslach and Jackson (1982), burnout is a psychological syndrome that develops in response to ongoing work-related stress. It is typified by depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and a diminished sense of personal accomplishment. The World Health Organization (2019) acknowledges that unmanaged workplace stress can lead to burnout, highlighting the necessity for organizations to systematically address employee mental health. Another important factor connected to psychological well-being is job satisfaction. While Spector (1997) stresses job satisfaction as the degree to which people feel positively or negatively about their work, Locke (1976) defines it as a pleasant emotional state resulting from one's job appraisal. These psychological elements—job satisfaction and burnout—are essential to comprehending workers' general well-being in various work environments.OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to compare burnout between remote professionals and on-site professionals.The objective of the study was to compare job satisfaction between remote professionals and on-site professionals.HYPOTHESES:1. There will be exists no significant difference in burnout between remote professionals and on-site professionals.2. There will be exists no significant difference in job satisfaction level between remote professionals and on-site professionals.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.114METHODOLOGY:This study employed a quantitative research design to examine the relationship between psychological well-being between remote professionals and on- site professionals. A total of 40 professional divided into two group 20 remote professionals and 20 onsite professionals from Nokia solutions and Networks pvt. Ltd. A telecommunication company. Participants are in the age group from 25 to 35. Participants were selected using a simple random sampling technique to ensure a representative sample. For evaluate burnout and job satisfaction level of professionals. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire. (1) Maslach burnout inventory (MBI) was used for to check burnout level of professionals. which consisting 22 items, (2) Job satisfaction survey was used for to check job satisfaction level of professionals. which consisting 30 items. These items measuring burnout and job satisfaction level between remote professionals or on- site professionals. The survey was distributed online via google form and available for two weeks. participation was voluntary. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26, To compare the mean score between the two groups we are using t- test. The significance level was set at p< 0.05 to determine statistical differences.DATA ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE:Sr. NoVariables Tool used Developed by Year1 Burnout Maslach Burnout InventoryC. Maslach, S. E.Jackson, M. P.Leiter (Eds.)19962 Job satisfactionJob Satisfaction surveyBellingham, R. 2004

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.115FINDINGS:TABLE NO. 1Level of significance=0.05, From above table it can be seen that the mean burnout score is slightly higher for on -site workers (17.25) than for remote workers (14.20). However, the p-value (0.196) was greater than 0.05, indicating no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Therefore, the null hypothesis that there was no difference in burnout levels is not rejected. TABLE NO. 2Level of significance=0.05, From above table it can be seen that the mean job satisfaction score was higher for on -site workers (48.70) than for remote workers (41.10). The p- value (0.084) was still greater than 0.05, so the difference was not statistically significant. Again, the null hypothesis that there are no differences in job satisfaction was not rejected.Group StatisticsVARIABLE GROUP N Mean Std. DeviationStd. Error MeanDF T Sig. (2-tailed)BURN OUT ON SITE GROUP20 17.2500 7.74512 1.73186 38 1.317 .196WORK FROM HOME GROUP20 14.2000 6.87176 1.53657 38 1.317 .196Group StatisticsVARIABLE GROUP N Mean Std. DeviationStd. Error MeanDF T Sig. (2-tailed)JOB SATISFACTIONON SITE GROUP20 48.7000 13.14334 2.93894 38 1.777 0.84WORK FROM HOME GROUP20 41.1000 13.89396 3.10678 38 1.777 0.84

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.116DISCUSSION:The results revealed no discernible difference in job satisfaction or burnout between young professionals working remotely and those working on-site, indicating that work environment by itself does not significantly affect psychological well-being. This is in line with research by Wang et al. (2021) and Toscano & Zappala (2020), which emphasizes that elements like communication quality, organizational support, and autonomy are more important than location. Because the working conditions were the same for both groups, slightly higher burnout and job satisfaction scores among onsite employees were not statistically significant. Workload, control, and reward systems have a greater impact on burnout and satisfaction than physical workspace, as noted by Maslach & Jackson (1981) and Locke (1976). These results highlight how important it is for businesses to provide equal mental health support for all types of workers.CONCLUSION:In order to evaluate the psychological health of young professionals, the current study compared the levels of job satisfaction and burnout experienced by on-site and remote professionals. According to the results, there were no statistically significant variations in burnout or job satisfaction between the two groups. Onsite professionals had slightly higher mean scores for burnout and job satisfaction, but these differences were not statistically significant at the 0.05 level. This suggests that the psychological health of the professionals in this sample is not significantly impacted by their work environment, whether they are working remotely or on-site. It can be concluded that other elements, such as personal coping strategies, organizational support, the standard of the work environment, and personal lifestyle decisions, may have a greater impact on job satisfaction and burnout than the actual location of work. In addition to highlighting the significance of comprehensive organizational strategies to support employee well-being across all work settings, these findings add to the growing body of research indicating that remote work does not necessarily decrease or increase psychological strain or satisfaction.SUGGESTIONS:1.To improve generalizability, increase sample size and diversity.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.1172. Examine only female professionals or compare the male and female.3. To monitor changes over time, employ a longitudinal design.4. Add more factors, such as motivation, stress, and anxiety.5. Use a mixed-methods approach to get more in-depth information.6. Examine the function of coping mechanisms and organizational support.7. Incorporate hybrid workers into upcoming studies.8. Investigate cultural influences by conducting cross-cultural studies.REFERENCES:1. Locke, E. A. (1976). The nature and causes of job satisfaction. In M. D. Dunnette (Ed.), Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology (pp. 1297–1349). Chicago, IL: Rand McNally.2. Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1981). The measurement of experienced burnout. Journal of Occupational Behavior, 2(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.40300202053. Maslach, C., & Jackson, S. E. (1982). Burnout in health professions: A social psychological analysis. In G. S. Sanders & J. Suls (Eds.), Social Psychology of Health and Illness (pp. 227–251). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.4. Maslach, C., Jackson, S. E., & Leiter, M. P. (1996). Maslach Burnout Inventory Manual (3rd ed.). Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press.5. Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57(6), 1069–1081. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.57.6.10696. Toscano, F., & Zappalà, S. (2020). Social isolation and stress as predictors of productivity perception and remote work satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic: The role of concern about the virus in a moderated double mediation. Sustainability, 12(23), 9804. https://doi.org/10.3390/su122398047. Wang, B., Liu, Y., Qian, J., & Parker, S. K. (2021). Achieving effective remote working during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A work design perspective. Applied Psychology, 70(1), 16–59. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.122908. World Health Organization. (2019). Burn-out an \"occupational phenomenon\": International Classification of Diseases. https://www.who.int/mental_health/evidence/burn-out/en/

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.118EFFECT OF BATTLE ROPE AND JUMP ROPE TRAINING COMBINED WITH LADDER DRILLS ON BODY COMPOSITION IN COLLEGE MEN STUDENTSDOI No.: 10.5958/2278-795X.2026.00003.3Gopinath A. Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Physical Education &Health Sciences, Alagappa University.Dr. D. Maniazhagu, Supervisor, Department of Physical Education &Health Sciences, Alagappa University.Dr. M. Kalaiselvi, Co-Supervisor, Department of Physical Education & Health Sciences, Alagappa University.ABSTRACT:Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effect of battle rope and jump rope training combined with ladder drills on body composition in college men students. Methods: The experimental study enrolled 45 college men students from Kumaraguru Institute of Agriculture, Erode, Tamil Nadu, who were selected to carry out the research. The subjects who met the inclusion criteria were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided into two intervention groups and a control group. The body composition chosen a dependent variable and it’s observed through BMI by the participants before the training intervention. The stipulated training was provided to the participants for the period of 50-minute sessions for the three alternative days in a week. Statistical Procedure: To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t-test. The improvement percentage was assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test * 100.”. The level of confidence was fixed at 95%, and values below p<0.05 were considered significant. Results: The paired sample t-test showed a significant (p<0.05) improvement in selected dependent variables over the 12 weeks of stipulated training. Conclusion: The results indicate considerable significant improvement on variables was observed. The findings indicate that both the training regimes led to significant improvement on the Body composition namely body mass index through BMI formula. The jump rope training combined with ladder

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.119drills has produced a superior effect compared to the battle rope training combined with ladder drills. Keywords: 1. Battle Rope, 2. Jump Rope, 3. Ladder Drills, 4. Body Composition, 5. Percentage.INTRODUC TION:Physical training involves subjecting the organism to a training load or work stress that is intense, prolonged, and frequent enough to have a discernible or quantifiable training effect that is, to enhance the functions for which training is being done. Maniazhagu, Malar, and Manogri (2019). In modern civilization, resistance training methods have evolved significantly and there are several forms of training absence of traditional weights: bodyweight exercises and resistance bands, battle rope training for overall muscular strength and development. Resistance equipment, such as resistance ropes is essential for enhancing athletes' physical strength and motor function. These devices increase a person's power, velocity, and other athletic abilities by utilizing their body's mass and force , Pullen, J. L. Oliver, R. S. Lloyd, and C. J. Knight (2020). Battle rope exercises have acute impact on performance related parameters for instance shooting accuracy and pass speed thus can be effective during training session meant to improve technical ability under W. H. Chen (2018).Jumping rope is one of the top calorie burners on the planet, ranking up there in calories burned per minute with a vigorous basketball game, a sixminute mile run and 20 miles per hour bike ride. Jumping rope needs a rope and about four feet of horizontal space and eight fee of vertical space. Jumping rope can additionally use as a high intensity interval training workout. Stewart and J. Warner (2012). Because of the quick rebounding, jumping rope primarily works the foot muscles and joints. It may be regarded as a form of plyometric training to increase power and stiffness, two essential components of endurance-running performance Pinillos (2019). The ladder is a form of a physical training using stairs to train the agility of the legs and to harmonize movements in a balanced manner. The agility ladder is a training tool for coordination, speed, and agility. In this agility ladder, athletes can move their feet quickly in the right motion Rosdiana and Sidik (2023). Body composition refers to the specific, detailed proportion of fat, muscle, bone, and water in a person's body. Unlike body weight or BMI, which only provide a total mass number, body composition analyzes the ratio

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.120of fat mass to fat-free mass. The study will involve ladder drills on body composition components combined with battle rope and jump rope training. MATERIAL AND METHOD:For achieve the purpose of 45 students has divided into two experimental and a control group. The two training interventions group has enforced for the 12-week experiment that included battle rope training, jump rope training and ladder drills and to prevent injuries, the students were subjected to three preparatory training sessions (initial stage). The first week of this phase included 4 sessions (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday) that developed aerobic power and general fitness (drills without the external resistance). In the second week, the subjects underwent four training sessions (Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday) including general fitness, ladder and jump rope drills. The initial phase was finished, and the players took two days off. The tests were then conducted on a ground by the test volunteers. The athletes wore common running shoes made for practice. The tests began with a 25-minute warm-up that included three minutes of lowintensity running (30% of HRmax), two minutes of high-intensity running (60% of HRmax), three minutes of static stretching, seven minutes of general strength and explosive power drills (A and C skips, single-leg skips, ground bounces, jumps up with raising knees and feet), and three minutes of static stretching. The subjects then marched for one minute and ran two 10-meter sprints. After completing the warmup, the players were provided with detailed information on the research procedures. The tests involved by body fat percentage were taken. The detailed training description and load dynamics of both the training groups have given below.Battle rope training: Battle rope training typically uses ropes 12 to 15 m long, 3 to 5 cm in diameter and weighing 9 to 16 kg, with sets typically lasting 15 to 30 seconds including rest periods. The BR used in this study had a length of 15 m, a diameter of 4 cm, and a mass of 18 kg. The protocol for weeks 1 to 4 included 50 minutes of work-rest exercise (15 seconds on, 45 seconds rest) for a total of 30 sets. The protocol from weeks 5 to 8 included 50 minutes of exercise (20 seconds on, 40 seconds rest) with work-to-rest ratio 30 sets. The protocol from weeks 9 to 12 included 50 minutes of exercise with work rest ratio (25 seconds on, 35 seconds rest) for a total of 36 sets (Table 3). Battle rope

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.121training consisted of six BR exercises, with each approach including one standard exercise.DATA ANALYSIS:To process the results of the study, analysis of the data was done with the IBM SPSS Statistics 22 software. The statistics obtained were provided by paired sample t test. The improvement percentage were assessed by using the formula of “%Δ = (x post-test – x pre-test) / pre-test *100”. The level of confidence was fixed 95% and values below p<0.05 were considered significant.RESULTS:Body Composition Parameter:Table 1Effects of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope training combined with ladder drills on body composition parameterGroup Test Mean SD MD DF ‘t’ ratio p valueBR-LD Pre 24.15 0.44 1.95 14 15.56* 0.00 Post 22.20 0.29JR-LD Pre 24.29 0.58 1.95 14 15.90* 0.00 Post 22.33 0.46CG Pre 24.11 0.49 0.10 14 1.42 0.175 Post 24.22 0.410.05 level of significance. *Significant (p<0.01), insignificant (p>0.05)Battle rope training combined with ladder drills (BR-LD) had a mean and standard deviation of 24.15+0.44 and 22.20+0.29 before and after the test. The mean difference was 1.95. The computed t-test value (t=15.56*, p<0.01) was significant. It demonstrates that the body composition has significantly changed as a result of battle rope training combined with ladder drills (BR-LD). Jump rope training combined with ladder drills (JR-LD) had a mean and standard deviation of 24.29+0.58 and 22.33+0.46 before and after the test. The mean difference was 1.95. The computed t-test value (t=15.90*, p<0.01) was significant. It demonstrates that the body composition has significantly changed as a result of jump rope training combined with ladder drills (JR-LD). The control group (CG) had a mean and standard deviation of 24.11+0.49 and 24.22+0.41 before and after the test. The

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.122mean difference was 0.10. The computed t-test value (t=1.42, p>0.05) was insignificant. It demonstrates that the control group has not seen an changes in body composition. According to the above table, the 12 weeks of battle rope training combined with ladder drills (BR-LD) and jump rope training combined with ladder drills (JR-LD) have significantly changed body composition. The control group did not show any changes. Analysis of adjusted posttest mean values of experimental and control groups on body composition.Taking pre-test scores as a covariate, one-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to examine the adjusted post-test mean differences on body composition of battle rope training combined with ladder drills (BR-LD), jump rope training combined with ladder drills (JR-LD) and control group. This allowed for the testing of accuracy of the post-test mean differences among the groups. The same information is shown in table 1 (a).TABLE-1(a)Adjusted posttest mean differences of experimental and control groups on body composition (Scores in Percentage)Adjusted Post Test MeansSVSS DfMS ‘F’-ratiop ValueBRLDJRLD CG B39.82219.911 186.29*0.00 22.2122.2824.25W 4.38 410.1070.05 level of significance. *Significant (p<0.01), insignificant (p>0.05)The adjusted post-test mean values of experimental and control groups were displayed in table – 1(a). The adjusted post-test mean values of battle rope training combined with ladder drills (BRLD) was 22.21, jump rope training combined with ladder drills (JRLD) was 22.28 and control group was 24.25 The computed \"F\" ratio (F=186.29*, p<0.01) was significant. It shows that there was a significant difference among the groups on body composition. Additionally, to determine which training group showed the greatest improvement in body composition, the Scheffe's Post hoc test was employed. The same discussed in the table-1(b).

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.123TABLE- 1(b)Scheffe's post hoc test on body composition of experimental and control groups (Scores in Percentage)BR-LD JR-LD CG Mean DifferencesP valueValue22.21 22.28 ----- 0.07 1.0022.21 ----- 24.25 2.04* 0.00----- 22.28 24.25 1.96* 0.000.05 level of significance. *Significant (p<0.01), insignificant (p>0.05)Pairwise comparison of BR-LD and JR-LD: The adjusted post-test mean differences of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope training combined with ladder drills was 0.07. It was insignificant (p>0.05). It shows that both the groups have produced similar effect on body composition. Pairwise comparison of BR-LD and CG: The adjusted post-test mean differences of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and control groups were 2.04. It was significant (p<0.01). The pairwise comparison shows that, the battle rope training combined with ladder drills have produced greater effect on body composition. Pairwise comparison of JR-LD and CG: The adjusted post-test mean differences of jump rope training combined with ladder drills and control group was 1.96. It was significant (p<0.01). The pairwise comparison shows that, the jump rope training combined with ladder drills have produced greater effect on body composition. DISCUSSION:The pre and posttest means of the Body composition were found to be statistically different based on the measurement over time, as indicated by the results in Table 1. According the body composition was improved by twelve weeks of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope t raining combined with ladder drills.Research has demonstrated whether eight weeks of combat rope training improves many aspects of physical fitness. After training, the combat rope group outperformed the SR group in terms of upper-body AnP (mean power and fatigue index). As a result, BR training helps collegiate basketball players become more physically strong and enhance their shooting accuracy W. H. Chen(2018). The literature

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.124indicates that he findings of this study showed significant improvements in the voluntary capacity and body mass index of the experimental groups. Vital capacity was higher in the music jump rope exercise group than the stationary cycle exercise group, and body mass index was lower in the music jump rope exercise group than the stationary cycle exercise group. Yakout, A. Larion, and C. Popa (2017). According Alibrahim and A. K. Hassan (2024) effects of battle rope and elastic training on physiological and physical indicators in athletes participating in individual sports, these training methods are beneficial for athletes. Future studies should look into how this type of training affects biochemical indicators like hemoglobin and lactic acid levels, as these measurements are essential for understanding how the body reacts to intense training and its capacity for recovery. D. Maniazhagu, S. Malar, and M. Manogari (2019) found that the impact of circuit and battle rope training on school girls' speed revealed that both training methods enhanced the speed's characteristics. In the two training groups, the improvement was comparable. Research indicates that including a rope jump training program into school physical education classes has improved students' weight, fat ratio, speed, leg strength, and VO2 max after ten weeks of training. The development of these parameters in the children at this age was expedited and enhanced by the rope-jump training program, it can be said N. Eler and H. Acar,(2018). The research found that the integrative neuromuscular training (strength training, coordination exercises, jump rope training etc.,) combined with yoga and stretching exercises have improved the ability of speed in primary school children. Malar and D. Maniazhagu (2019)Overall, when comparing the results of jump rope training with ladder drills, it was found that the BR-LD and JR-LD: The adjusted post-test mean differences of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope training combined with ladder drills was 88.92. It was significant (p<0.01). It shows that both the groups have produced significantly different effect on cardio respiratory endurance. The conceptual research findings include two indicators: the ladder drill model and the pairing jump rope athletic training model both enhance the athletic ability of children, but descriptively, there is a difference in the enhancement of children's athletic ability between the two models of athletic training in schoolchildren. When it comes to children's athletic abilities, the ladder drill model of athletic training is superior to the pair jump rope model. Rohman, A. Cholid, R. Septiria,

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.125and A. L. Hakim (2019) According to the study, the performance of power ability was greatly improved by twelve weeks of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope training combined with ladder drills. The results of a study on the impact of battle rope exercises on college students' power and jumping abilities revealed that for female handball players looking to increase their power and leaping ability, the Battle rope is a very useful training aid Tang(2022), Research on the impact of jump rope training on the physical fitness of female students aged 9 to 10 has demonstrated that jump rope training improves female students' physical fitness M. Sohrabi Jahromi and M. Gholam(2015). According to the results of effects of jump rope training on explosive power in badminton players have found that the athletes' lower limb explosive power and speed can be significantly increased by incorporating jump rope training into their physical badminton training J. Tang (2020). There has been a stronger impact on upper body muscular endurance after six weeks of circuit and battle rope exercise. Battle rope training was proven to have a greater impact than circuit training. Maniazhagu, Thiyagachanthan, K. S. Sridhar, M. Kalidasan, S. Malar, and M. Manogari (2021). Over all BR-LD and JRLD: The adjusted post-test mean differences of battle rope training combined with ladder drills and jump rope training combined with ladder drills was 88.92. It was significant (p<0.01). CONCLUSION:This study aimed to assess the effect of battle rope and jump rope training combined with ladder drills on body composition in college male students. The results indicate considerable significant improvement on variables. The findings indicate that both the training regimes led to significant improvement on the body composition, namely, body fat percentage. The jump rope training combined with ladder drills has produced significant improvement on fitness enhancing components than the control group. The improvement in the jump rope training combined with ladder drills occurred owing to the fastest foot movements, coordination, and leg explosive movements. In contrast, the battle rope training combined with ladder drills correspondingly demonstrated an improvement, but to a smaller extent. Further research may be performed with long-term training methods of these training regimes and examine the effect across different sports participants.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.126REFERENCES:1. A. Hidayat, \"Effect of agility ladder exercises on agility of participants in extracurricular futsal at Bina Darma University,\" Journal of Physics: Conference Series, vol. 1402, no. 5, p. 055003, 2019. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1402/5/055003.2. B. A. Stockbrugger and R. G. Haennel, \"Validity and reliability of a medicine ball explosive power test,\" Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 431–438, 2001. [Insert DOI if available].3. B. J. Pullen, J. L. Oliver, R. S. Lloyd, and C. J. Knight, \"The effects of strength and conditioning in physical education on athletic motor skill competencies and psychological attributes of secondary school children: A pilot study,\" Sports, vol. 8, no. 10, p. 138, 2020. doi: 10.3390/sports8100138.4. B. Stewart and J. Warner, Ultimate Jump Rope Workouts. Ulysses Press, 2012.5. Cooper, K. H. (1968). A means of assessing maximal oxygen intake: Correlation between field and treadmill testing. JAMA, 203(3), 201–204 doi : 10.1001/jama.1968.031400300330086. D. Maniazhagu, S. Malar, and M. Manogari, \"Effects of circuit training and battle rope training on speed of school girls,\" Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 66–72, 2019.7. D. Maniazhagu, S. Malar, and M. Manogari, \"Effects of circuit training and battle rope training on speed of school girls,\" Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 66–72, 2019.8. Durnin, J. V. G. A., & Womersley, J. (1974). Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimation from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged 16 to 72 years. British Journal of Nutrition, 32(1), 77–97. https://doi.org/10.1079/BJN197400609. F. Pinillos, C. Lago Fuentes, P. Latorre Román, A. Pantoja Vallejo, and R. Ramirez-Campillo, \"Jump-rope training: Improved 3-km time-trial performance in endurance runners via enhanced lowerlimb reactivity and foot-arch stiffness,\" International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, vol. 15, pp. 1–7, 2019. doi: 10.1123/ijspp.2019-0529.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.12710. F. Rosdiana and D. Z. Sidik, \"The effect of resistance band ladder drill training pattern using interval and pyramid methods on aerobic ability improvement in futsal,\" International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 457–462, 2023. doi: 10.13189/saj.2023.110224.11. M. Azab, \"Effects of battle rope exercises on power and leaping ability in rhythmic gymnastics for female college students,\" Science, Movement and Health, vol. 19, no. 2 Supplement, pp. 266–271, 2019.12. M. Dharuman, N. V. Thiyagachanthan, K. S. Sridhar, M. Kalidasan, S. Malar, and M. Manogari, \"Effects of circuit training and battle rope training on upper body muscular endurance of school girls,\" Asian Journal of Applied Science and Technology (AJAST), vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 39–43, 202113. M. S. Alibrahim and A. K. Hassan, \"The impact of elastic and battle rope training on physiological and physical indicators in individual sports athletes,\" Journal of Physical Education and Sport, vol. 24, no. 9, pp. 1297–1304, 2024. [Insert DOI if available].14. M. Sohrabi Jahromi and M. Gholam, \"The effect of jump-rope training on the physical fitness of 9- to 10-year-old female students,\" Advances in Applied Science Research, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 135–140, 2015.15. N. Eler and H. Acar, \"The effects of the rope jump training program in physical education lessons on strength, speed, and VO2 max in children,\" Universal Journal of Educational Research, vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 340–345, 2018. [Insert DOI if available].16. S. Malar and D. Maniazhagu, \"Effects of integrative neuromuscular training combined with yoga and stretching exercises on speed of primary school children,\" International Journal of Physical Education Sports Management and Yogic Sciences, vol. 9, no. 3, 2019.17. T. Pramukti and S. Junaidi, \"Pengaruhlatihan ladder drill dan latihan ABC run terhadappeningkatankecepatanpemanjatanjalur speed atletpanjattebing FPTI Kota Magelang,\" Journal of Sport Science and Fitness, vol. 3, no. 4, 2014.18. Tang, \"Effects of jump rope training on explosive power in badminton players,\" Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, vol. 29, p. e2022_0627, 2022.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.12819. U. Rohman, A. Cholid, R. Septiria, and A. L. Hakim, \"Influence of athletic training with pair jump rope training model and ladder drill to increase ability kids athletic elementary school students,\" Advances in Health Sciences Research, vol. 35, Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Sport Sciences, Health and Tourism (ICSSHT 2019), 2019.20. W. H. Chen, H. J. Wu, S. L. Lo, H. Chen, W. W. Yang, C. F. Huang, and C. Liu, \"Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players,\" Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 2715–2724, 2018. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002601.21. W. H. Chen, H. J. Wu, S. L. Lo, H. Chen, W. W. Yang, C. F. Huang, and C. Liu, \"Eight-week battle rope training improves multiple physical fitness dimensions and shooting accuracy in collegiate basketball players,\" Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 2715–2724, 2018. [Insert DOI if available].22. Z. Yakout, A. Larion, and C. Popa, \"Effect of battle rope training on certain phy Seo K. The effects of dance music jump rope exercise on pulmonary function and body mass index after music jump rope exercise in overweight adults in 20's. J Phys Ther Sci. 2017 Aug;29(8):1348-1351. doi: 10.1589/jpts.29.1348. Epub 2017 Aug 10. PMID: 28878460; PMCID: PMC5574342.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.129ISOLATED AND COMBINED EFFECT OF PLYOMETRIC AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON ANAEROBIC POWER PERFORMANCE OF MALE CRICKET PLAYERSDOI No.: 10.5958/2278-795X.2026.00004.XK. Rajasekar, Ph. D Scholar (Part Time), Department of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, TamilNadu, India -630 001.Dr. M. Kalaiselvi, Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, TamilNadu, India -630 001.ABSTRACT:The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of plyometric and resistance training on the anaerobic power production of male cricket players, both individually and in combination. The study's participants were 60 (N=60) male cricket players who attended various universities in Tamil Nadu, India's Pudukkottai District. The four groups of fifteen subjects each were randomly chosen from the subjects (n=15) and included the control group, resistance training, combined resistance and plyometric training, and plyometric training. Ages 18 to 21 ranged for the subjects. Plyometric training, resistance training, combined resistance and plyometric training, and a control group (Group IV) were all performed in the trial. There was similar instruction for the experimental groups. The experimental groups received similar training three days each week for a period of twelve weeks. The Margaria Kalaman Anaerobic Power Test was used to measure the dependent variable, which was anaerobic power. Before and after the trial period, each person underwent anaerobic power testing. Data from the experimental groups was statistically evaluated before and after the experimental period using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). When the 'F' ratio for the adjusted post test means wasdetermined to be significant, the Scheffe's Post hoc test was employed to determine the paired mean differences. The level of confidence was set at 0.05 for each scenario. The experimental groups that had the most improvement in performance were those who engaged in plyometric

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.130training, resistance training, and combined plyometric and resistance training.Keywords: Plyometric Training, Resistance Training and Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training, Anaerobic PowerINTRODUCTION:Plyometric training is often referred to as reactive neuromuscular training. Loaded eccentric contraction is thought to prepare the contractile region of muscle for a concentric contraction by triggering and activating the monosynaptic stretch reflex. If eccentric contraction occurs more quickly, the stretch reflex is more likely to activate (Chhaya et al., 2015)Plyometric exercise is hypothesized to make use of the neuromuscular unit's stretch reflex and the serial elastic qualities of soft tissue. Mechanical energy is absorbed by a muscle during stretching. This power might be released as heat or stored as elastic energy in the muscles.Resistance training has two different meanings. On the other hand, elastic or hydraulic resistance is a specific type of strength training that creates this resistance using elastic or hydraulic stress. In the broadest sense, any exercise that involves a resistance to the force of muscular contraction is referred to as strength training. This page covers the more detailed explanation of elastic/hydraulic resistance training (Abraham and Shafeeq 2011).Resistance-based strength training pits each attempt against a specific opposing force generated by resistance (i.e. resistance to being pushed, squeezed, stretched or bent). Exercise is considered isotonic if a body part moves against the applied force. If a part of the body opposes movement during an exercise, it is referred to as isometric. Resistance training can increase the size and strength of skeletal muscles. When performed properly, resistance training can considerably improve both general health and wellness and functional outcomes.Resistance training's goal, according to the American Sports Medicine Institute (ASMI), is to \"gradually and steadily overload the muscular system so it gets stronger.\" Regular resistance training has been demonstrated to increase bone density, strengthen muscles, and tone them.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.131Contrary to popular belief, resistance training is not the same as weightlifting, power lifting, or bodybuilding, which are competitive sports that involve different types of strength training using immovable resistance (typically the body's own muscles or a structural element like a doorframe) as opposed to non-elastic forces like gravity (weight training or clinometric). Full range of motion is essential while undertaking weight training because muscular overload only occurs at the specific joint angles where the muscle is stimulated (Aglonu Ali, Gani Kratl, 2015).METHODOLOGY:Sixty (N=60) male cricket players who were enrolled at different colleges in the Pudukkottai District of Tamil Nadu, India, were chosen at random as the study's subjects. The subjects (n=15) were divided into four groups of fifteen each: resistance training, plyometric training, combined resistance and resistance training, and control group. The subjects ranged in age from 18 to 21. Plyometric training was done in Group I, resistance training in Group II, mixed resistance and plyometric training in Group III, and control training was done in Group IV. The experimental groups received similar training three days each week for a period of twelve weeks. The Margaria Kalaman Anaerobic Power Test was used to measure the dependent variable, which was anaerobic power. Before and after the trial period, each person underwent anaerobic power testing. In order to statistically evaluate the information gathered from the experimental groups, analysis of covariance was performed.RESULTS & DISCUSSION:The results of the Analysis of Covariance on Anaerobic Power of the pre, post, and adjusted test scores of Plyometric Training group, Resistance Training group, Combined Plyometric and ResistanceTraining group and Control group are presented in Table – 1.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.132Table – 1Analysis of Covariance on Anaerobic Power of Experimental Groups and Control GroupTest PTG RTG CPRTG CG SV SS df MS F ratioAdjustedPost Test Mean99.01 97.98 114.49 89.03Between 5029.84 3 1676.6120.03*Within 4604.45 55 83.72* Significant at 0.05 level of confidence, (Anaerobic Power Scores in Watts)Table value for df (3, 56) at 0.05 level = 2.76 Table value for df (3, 55) at 0.05 level = 2.78The adjusted post-test averages for the Plyometric Training group, Resistance Training group, Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, and Control group, respectively, are 99.01, 97.98, 114.49, and 89.03, according to the above table. For corrected post-test scores, the resultant \"F\" ratio of 20.03 was larger than the table value of 2.78 for degrees of freedom 3 and 55 needed for significance at 0.05 level of confidence for anaerobic power.The study's findings show that the adjusted post-test means of the Plyometric Training group, the Resistance Training group, the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, and the Control group in Anaerobic Power differ significantly from one another.To determine which of the paired means have a significant difference, the Scheffe’s test is applied as Post hoc test and the results are presented in Table – 2.Table – 2The Scheffe’s test for the differences between the adjusted post test paired means on Anaerobic PowerAdjusted Post-test MeansMD CI PTG RTG CPRTG CG99.01 97.98 1.02 9.6399.01 114.49 15.48* 9.6399.01 89.03 9.98* 9.6397.98 114.49 16.51* 9.6397.98 89.03 8.96 9.63114.49 89.03 25.46* 9.63 * Significant at 0.05 level of confidenceAccording to Table 2, the adjusted post test means for the

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.133Anaerobic Power differences between the Plyometric Training group and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, the Plyometric Training group and the Control group, the Resistance Training group and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group and Control group are 15.48, 9.98, 16.51, and 25.46, respectively. These values are higher than the confidence interval value of 9.63 at 0.05 level of confidence.The adjusted post test mean differences on anaerobic power between the Plyometric Training group and the Resistance Training group as well as the Resistance Training group and the Control group are further shown in Table 2 at 1.02 and 8.96, respectively. These values are less than the confidence interval value at 0.05 level of confidence of 9.63.The study's findings demonstrated a significant difference in anaerobic power between the Plyometric Training group and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, the Plyometric Training group and the Control group, the Resistance Training group and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group, and the Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group and Control group. According to the study's findings, there was no discernible difference in anaerobic power between the Plyometric Training group and the Resistance Training group, Resistance Training group, and Control group.The aforementioned statistics also suggest that the combined plyometric and resistance training group performed better in anaerobic power than the plyometric training group, the resistance training group, and the control group.The adjusted post test mean values of Plyometric Training group, Resistance Training group, Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group and Control group on Anaerobic Power are graphically represented in the Figure -1.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.134Figure: 1 The Adjusted post test Mean values Plyometric Training group, Resistance Training group, Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training group and Control group on Anaerobic Power CONCLUSION:The experimental groups that underwent Plyometric Training, Resistance Training, and Combined Plyometric and Resistance Training all had significant improvements in the chosen variable, Anaerobic Power. There were also noticeable differences in anaerobic power between resistance training, plyometric training, and mixed plyometric and resistance training. The results of the study showed that the combined plyometric and resistance training group was the most successful of the three training groups in boosting anaerobic power.REFERENCES:1. Abraham George and Shafeeq V A(2011), The Impact of Resistance Training on Jump Based Power Index, World Journal of Science and Technology, 1(4):28-32.2. Aglonu Ali, Gani Kıratl(2015), The examination of the effects of 8-week plyometric training on some physical fitness parameters of women handball players aged between 12-16 years old, International Journal of Human Sciences, 12(1):1216. Anaerobic Power Scores inWatts

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.1353. Chhaya Verma, Lakshmi Subramanium, Vijaya Krishnan(2015), Effect of plyometric training on vertical jump height in high school basketball players: randomised control trial, Int J Med Res Health Sci, 4(1):7-12.

PESY, ISSN Online 2278-795X, Print 2231-1394 Vol.16, No.136STUDY OF PHYSICAL CAPABILITIES OF SCHOOLSTUDENT IN NIPHAD TALUKADOI NO.: 10.5958/2278-795X.2026.00005.6Manisha Dhupchand Laghane, Research Student, M.S.M. College of Physical Education, Khadkeshwar, Chh. Sambhajinagar.Dr. M.S. Rathod, Research Supervisor, M.S.M. College of Physical Education, Khadkeshwar, Chh. Sambhajinagar.ABSTRACT:In Today’s modern era, the Impact of the progress in sports is evident in the Urban and rural sports life and their progress in it. But the facilities available to them are very and less due to Urban areas e.g. Apart from Kabbadi, their attitude towards physical education and sport has not change due to the availability of equipment and training for other sports and sports participation appears to be low, to bring to the researcher how their attitude towards sports as physical education and increase their physical ability, the researcher Felt the need for research on the study of physical abilities of school student in ‘Niphad taluka’.Keywords : Physical ability skill, School StudentINTRODUCTION:Since ancient human development has been taking place on the basis of new Research. This will continue to happen in the Future. In Indian human culture, body preservation, yoga, meditation and spiritually have been of great importance and they are still important Today. The reference to the Vedas, Purans and Ancient Indian Literature is important for this. The Vedas are the struggle of human beings to develop themselves through food and body, which has been going on unabated since ancient times. Human needs to stay pit to maintain their self-existence. Humans move from birth later they speak and learn, physical movement is necessary for proper growth and development the word “body” Humans get health, physique, strength, stamina, speed, orientation, flexibility and physical proficiency through the body.