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ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY

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- n::1VlGln~1'l'J':: (The Cranial or Head Cavity)

- m'J~eJn (The Thoracic or Chest Cavity)
- 'lieJ~vreJ~ (The Abdominal or Belly Cavity)

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1. 1::'U'Um::~n (The Skeletal System)

.2. d"::'U'!J1;b'We:ieJ'W~vieJ~lJlm~m::t'lf1 (The Soft Parts covering the Skeleton)
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3. d"::'U'U1Vl~ b1Cl'W'lJeJ~lGl~1Pl (The Circulatory System)

4. 1::'U'UVlICll~ (The Respiratory System)

5. 1::'U'Utl1::6'l1'Vl (The Nervous System)

6. d"::'UmieJCleJ1Vlld" (The Digestive System)

.7. d"::'U'UU6'l6'l1'J:: bb~::lil'U~'Wrl (The Genito - Urinary System)

8. 1::'U'U~eJlJHvleJ (The Endocrine System)
9. 1::'U'Uf'Uf'nllJi~nihf1'l'J' (The Special Senses)

1. S::UUflS::~fl (The Skeletal System)

tl1::neJ'UIii''JCl m::~mbJfl~ (Bones), m::~f1e:ieJ'W (Cartilages), b~'Wbb~:;b~eJ~lJ-lieJ (Ligaments & Capsules), -lieJl9ieJ

(Joints or Articulations)

Vllhnl.Ja\'ms:~n fia

1. btl'Wlfm-;il~'lJeJ~-;il~fllCl 1~m~1tl-;il~eJ~11ii'

. .~ ~

2. bYieJClmbGl::'I"lCl~6b'We:ieJ'W b'li'W b'B~ml'W-'I"lCl'ls111g1 ~\Pl~f1 iGli
~

3. bYieJ1'JeJ~n'WeJ1Cl'J:;~IAQJ11'W-;iI~fllCl iil~btl'Wel'W1Pl1ICl b'li'W n:;lV1~n~1'l'J'::-iJeJ~n'W6'llJeJ~, m:;~n.ffifll1'1-iJeJ~n'W
tleJ\PlbbGl:;vr'Jl~ iGli

4. btl'W~ bf11:;fl\Pl'lJeJ~n~l~ bdeJ 'Vlll~bfll~eJ'W1m11ii'

.5. tld":;f1eJ'U btl'W-lieJ~eJii b~eJ~lJ-lieJfl\Pl 'li'JCl1'Wfll1 bfl ~eJ'W1Vl'J

6. tnCl1'Wm:;~nii1'lJm:;~n (Bone marrow) ~IVlf'U'li'JCl6'l11~ dhl b~El\Pl bbGl:;iifjl~ bbflGl b~CllJ (Lime salts) El~l'W

.~'Jm:;\Plf1

•

L

msl.lguWfJ1U1a : S1IJn1fJUO\JlS1

~,"!J ----!--+,f.--'-'~ 4-+-+------ m=~n~1I11ln

n~:~ni,"~a~ih,"lln ---+-:f-+--i---H" --'---+------ m:~n~lf1.,~LL;l~

n..:~mm~a~ih,"!ii~n~," -+-~-'------ m:~n~lf1.,~iiil'"
~~_'_:_h+----- n~=~n~lf1.,~illl!l
;;illl::1'1'10 -...J::tl==~;:;;:;
: g + - - - - - ;Jllfliln
m~\hl --'-+,....",'---~
\,

,\
-'r',:;...\- - - - n..::~mJil1!1LL'Il,";),"1,"

,-,-':;...\- - - - m::flmJil1!1LL'Il,";),","iln
\\k\i'~,\ ..~
\. _ _ 'IlillJll
.
'-I • •
n,.:~nlJil
, !, _,. _

J•,.iJ\\~"y;"?.\:"~');},}\,:.,:~_'\0\ __ n,.::~nd1iill
\.,

. . , - - - - - - - - m=~n9i'"'111

m=~O!'yh - - - - - - - - '

n.,::~nd1!vh ------'<i-#.:.,

s:uuns:l(]n (Skeleton System)

rflsuns:~nEl1vIlLiuElElnl~IUU 3 cbu Aud

n. 6l1'W'JJ€l..:!~hlY:: 1~bbri m::lPlnn::1Vl~nA~lY:: bb~::m::lPln'VI1!1 (Skull & Face Bone) "1~"1

.'II 'II

'JJ. 6l1'W'JJ€l..:!~h~11~bbri 'm1..:!Eln '1l€l..:!Vl€l..:! bb~::5":!b~..:!ml'W (Thorax. abdomen & pelvis)
A. 6l1'W'JJ€l":!bb'JJ'Wbb~::'JJ1 (Upper & lower limbs) "1~"1

-;.j'1'W1'Wm::~n~..:!Vll.JlPlt'W~VlQjih~1QJb~'lJ1(ilb~l.Jvi iilh:;a,nru 200 ~'W (1~~1l.Jm::~nml'.Jt'W~ 1J,~:;m:;~m~n"l 'it":!€l~1'W
b~'Wn~ll.Jbtr€l (Sesamoid Bones) 'lJ1..:!bbvi..:!)

6l1'U'JJ'el-:lf.'hlY: 1~bbfi m::~nn::1Vl~nA~lY:; 8 ~'W. m:;~nVlih 15 ~'W (ffiA'Wt'Wiim:;~n~1.lbfi€lmj'1 1 ~'W (m::~n

1el€l€ll'.J~ (Hyoid Bone))

•

n1S11YUWB1Ula : SlIJn1mJ8IJISl

~1'W"llB-:jth~11~bbri m:;\Y1fl~'!.l'VI~'l 33 ~'W (bbtJ'lbth.J~'d'W~'WAeJ 7, ~'d'WeJfl 12, iii'd'WbeJ'd 5, iii'd'Wb~'lml'W 51'dlJn'Wbu'W
~
bb~'W1A'l1'iJ~lJ bbiil:;~'d'Wr1'Wfl'lJVl1m'll'l ~'W), ~'W
~ 4 m:;\Y~1flVltJleJrl 1 lileJ'W'iJiillmU'Wm:;\Y1~rleieJ'WbbVliillJ (t'WtJ) , m:;\Y~1fl'lJ1A1'l 24

~'W, m:;\Y1flb~'lml'W 6 ~'W ('lJl'lA'Whlllm:;\Y1rlt'WtJ)
~~

~1'W"llB-:jbb"ll'W1~bbri m:;\Y1f!G'l:;ufl 2 ~'W, m:;\Y1fl1Vl'iJiill~1 2 ~'W, m:;\Y1fl~'Wbb'lJ'W'lll'liil:; 1 ~'W, m:;\Y1fl'iJiilltJbb'lJ'W'lll'liil:;
'lJ 'lJ 'U 'lJ

9.1 • ~ \Lo'
2 ~'W, m:;~fl'lleJlleJ lleJ bbiil:;i'l111eJ'lll'liil:; 27 ~'W

1>'l1'W"llB-:j"ll11~bbri m:;\Y1fl~'W'lJl'lll'liil:; 1 ~'W, m:;\Y1fl'iJiill~'lJl'lll'liil:; 2 ~'W (VltJlbb'll'lbbiil:;UeJ'l), m:;\Y1fl'llm'vh bVll bbiil:;
~~ ~

~ 26 ~~'W, m:;~rlS1:;U1Vi'db'Ih 2 ~~'W

U'dbVll'lll'liil:;

'WeJfl~lflm:;~f1bb61d ~'lll~'l~ b~~'d'lleJ'ln'lJm:;~flAeJ 'lleJ~eJm:;~flbblJ'lJ~1'l1 ~6hflt!J1~bbr1 'lleJ1Vl6l 'lleJAeJrl 'lleJ~eJ

'lleJi.d'l"lfl 'llelb'Ih 'llelbVll 'lleJ~eJm:;\Y1fl~'!.l'VI~'l "1iil"1 'lleJ~mlrl~\Y1~\Y1n'W~dtJb~m)flJ'lleJ (Capsules) bbiil:;bB'W (Ligaments) ~m:;\Y1fl
'U 'iJ ~ 'U

eieJ'W1eJ'l1lJ (Fibrocartilage) 1:;w;h'l'lleJ~eJ m:;~fl~d'W~1'l1 1l~'iJbb{i)rl~1'ln'W1'iJ b'Ii'W m:;~rlmd m:;~fli'W m:;~flbblJ'W

m:;~rl~'iJbb'iJiilfl1 "1iil"1 (~~'iJ~ 1. 2, 3, 4)

.,.,f1~:;~flU1J'U

:J.Jeh11illfl~1,"'YI,"1

fl';j:;~mt1J'!-I

:J.Jel-(!1"illn~hu'YI~\'I

ns:~nVi:J1Vla ua:ns:~nuuu

u"

•

n1SLlgUWS1U18 : S1IJn18UaIllS1

IHf+----- m=~na=ih

..n":::~fi'!J1

3-Iel.:J~h'U'YiU1

..n,.:::~n1l1

3-Iel.:J~1'U'Yisr.:J

s...un 3

ns:~mJ1

•

msLl51UWEl1U1a : S1UmEllJOlJlS1

n,..~nilll1a~

ih"fI"illl - 7

n'J=~na"l1ft~
ih"I1Tl~lln - 12

n,..",nallI1IN
II1"IIl'l-5

! / J 1 - - - - Il1l11i~nTl"
(5~)

sLln 4

v

2. s::uucbuaaun.u.ia.Y.i.ufASUOS::fvlO (The Soft Parts covering the Skeleton)

l#1bbr1

n. ~hvl1r~ (The Skin)

'lJ. b~m~e>1#1~1Vfir~u.g:d'lJil''U (The layer of Subcutaneous Tissue and Fat)

fl. mm" Jb'U.KeJ (The Muscles)

~1Vfir~ dj'U~~tJflfl,1,'llJ,vie>~"rh~mtJm~'Ue>n bbti~ bU'U 2 .ff'U f>1eJ
- .ff'UVfir~nl'V'f~'1 (Epidermis)

- .ff'tJ'llfir-:Jbb'l1 (Dermis)

~1Vfir~'tJ~mlJvihljJ'lJ'U b'li'U ~hile> ~hb'l11 Vfir~nl'V'fhOl~Vf'UllJlnfl11'tJ~b1ru~jJ'lJ'Ubfie>'tJ 3 b'Yh Vf1,'le>~ b~€>l9WJe>tJ
bb1,'l~tJillltJtJd~6'lI'V1'tJ~nru~ ~-:JmJ~n1,'l-:JltJfl11'tJ~nru~jJ'lJ'U 1#1Vfir-:Jnlvf~ljJ'Vie>~e>lJ bVf~e> (Sweat Glands) 'VieJ~e>lJl'lJil''U
(Sebaceous Glands) Vf1,'leJm~e>~~"e>tJ jJt:JlJ 'lJ'U b~'tJ jJtJ1,'lltJtJd~6'lI'V11''tJmllJ~"g,fnltJ~6"'llJeJ-:J ~1Vfir-:JjJVfUI~tJnfl1,',llJ'71-:Jm~ vie>
~,lJeJ1m~-nI-:J1#1 -n'tJ~h~'lJe>~ b~tJe>e>n~nfl'.71-:Jm~ bbill~-n'tJJld1lJ~-:J bb'7fil!,9l'tJ1-:Jmh~ l~~mdd~ bVf~Vfie> bU'U bVf~e> mlJlru'lJe>~
bVf~eJ~d~bVf~eJeJfl~IVf1'WJ1VfQj tJd~lJlru 1 1/21tJ'U~ (Pint) ~eJ 24 -i1~-:J

•

L

mstJl!UWfJ1U18 : ~h\Jm8UaIllS1

I II

III IV

a:)8:):mEllUUE)\)nS~)\)anna:ria\J\>1mJ1\JV1INina\J1L1lJ1\JV1a\)

•

mstJ2UWS1U1a : S1IJmSU€lIJlS1

bdf) b~f)1~N1Vlu~ bbt'l::l"113JU mjt~-KuVlU~ b1.Vft'l~1tl buw;buvivl1t~~1~m~~d~~1~ b1.'llU'll1nt'l~ ai-Kul'lliJu~~~~e.J~"ln~
~~

-Kun~1~ bde.J 'Vi1VlU1vi bUU btJ1::1e.J~~1J bb~::iJe.J~nUe.J1m::-n1~t~ bn1J~m;'1m1~~e.JU'lle.J~~1~m~ bb~::~::~~e.J1Vl11~11f)~ 111i

b~e.Jm~~1~m~~e.J~m1 tUbdm~e.Jt~Vlu~n1'V'l~16b'Wviai'll'W aiVl~e.J~lt'lVi~wmJ, 1?ie.J~'1l~'ll'W, n~1~bde.J~~'ll'W, ~e.J~l'lliJ'W, 1?ie.J~

bVl~e.J, tl1::~1'V1 .,~., (~~tlvi 5)

sth15

u

iiiJv1l1\)-s:uu,buElEluMAC!uns:~n

.3_
".------- Oil11lL'llllO"lztjmlUilO

Uil=O"lZtj0l'l'lUil1lj1

• 3.
---'IIi'lt----'---Oil11lI\liJ9I\I'II1

sLlfi 5.1

v

na1Ulua (Muscular System)

•

msLlj!UW81U1a : ~h\)n1fJ1JE)\JlS1

fl~l~bil£) ihhtl':;~lru 2/5 "lJID~thVl1rn~1 Vhb~'lI~fl1lO1ilhU~h~"l LijU~tl'lI~-11U3.n n~l3.JbilIDiiI"lMU.n:Mb~Vn:;ilIID _

fl1''VI~~1 b'V~IUI1D"AliJUimbb'Gml::;b;b•"~.l.UJ~~"AllJUn~~tlbGlillI01vV::1h.~bil~lIbDf~"i.l,J~Im~''VIb~Rb~".IlJD,l'UV.11.'1Vn.1U1'1~~J~IVDI~0 1''lIbI'.~VmI,mm:h.;u~~.nhV~Il"tll b~IDn~l3.J bilID'VI~~1 (Contraction)

~., .,.¥::. tl
Gll101"lJID~nGlllJbUIDVI~illeJ~ Gllmm:;
~:;t'lUb"lJl

~~nUeJ~bR~IDU1'V11b-nl'V11nU n~l3.JbileJiian'l!tru:;R~l101m~ ~~~n~:;iim'~~~1 (Tone) eJ~Ul~ b~eJiim:;~n~n tlGll101"lJeJ~

m:;~nvl~n~~~fl~:;t.ln~~b-nI3.J1LfllOlnU bfl":;bb'~&)~"lJeJ~n~l3.JbileJvI~~~1ID~ (~~tlvl 5.1)

fl~l~bd€lbbti'&€l€lfll~d:Ju 3 't'I1fl R€l

fl. n~l~bilf)vlenli~eilul~"lJf)~~~t~ (Voluntary M.) 'I-17eJn~l3.Jbilf)6'I1U (Striped Muscle) lIh:nU1l1ul~fl1'F11u~~~~

fm"lJeJ~ill3.JeJ-:lbb6'l:;tl':;illlV11"lJ~u'I-1a-:j b'liU fl~l3.JbileJ~13.J~1, VI'1-:jf)fl (Chest) ,::w"h-:l'lieJ-:j.ffiFl'-:l, VlUl\1eJ-:j, Vla-:j, bb"lJU, "lJ1 ~-:j~f)U

tl6'l1101"l ~::b7mb~mNn6'lImilub~ubDU (Tendon) vlm~m~u1~~1101 ilIeJ fl~l3.JbileJ'lJeJ-:jUm~ufl~1~ ii~-:jVl3.l~1h::mru 240 iT~

'1J. 1l~lllbilf)vlf)~U£)fleilU1'Ol~~h (Involuntary M.) Vl1IDn~l3.Jbilflb1I01U (Unstriped M.) ~hUb'VItlidjueJ1m:;1l1I01bU

b'liU luc.Ju-:j"lJeJ~VI1-:jb~Ufl1'V11', c.JU-:j'1Jf)-:jVl6'lID~L6'lVi~, 'VieJ1t91 "161"1 'Vi1~1Ubilu~ill':;'.nnm'R1UI"l3.J'1JeJ~ill3.JeNbb6'l:;~t91h ~-:jbU

_ ..:1\ _ AI>

b16'11'V16'1U bb6'l:; b16'11~UVI'eJ'VI3.J~ illt91

R. flI;h~bilf)~1h (Cardiac M.) bilUfl~13.Jbilel'v!hJeJlOItuei1u1~"lJeJ~~t911'Ol tl':;neJu-11ubilu~1b'Ol 'Vi1~1U1l1101b~fl1'R1UR3., J
~

'1JeJ~tl':;ill1V1~t91Lumi

3. s::uulVial5auuemfaViUl (The Circulatory System)

tl':;fleJU~1101 ~1h (Heart), Vl6'leJ~LGlVit91 (Blood Vessels), bb6'l:;L6'lVit91 (Blood), 'VI6'leJ~J'b'VI~eJ-:j (Lymphatics) bb6'l:;J,
bVl~eJ-:j (Lymph) fl1'OlbbU~eleJ1l1~bilu 2 ,:;umieJlOIilIeJ

1. ,:;UUfl1,1'V16'1b1I01U"lJeJ-:jL6'lVit91 (The Circulation of The Blood)
2. ,:;uUfl111V16'1b1I01U"lJeJ-:jJ'bVl~f)~ (The Circulation of The Lymph)

S~uun1s1V1aI5aulla\1raViUl

iieJ1'm:;vlbflIOl1-neJ~ReJ L6'lVit91 ~1h bb6'l:;'VI6'leJ~L6'lVi~
16'lVi~ bilU"lJeNbVli;nvflVl6'l1Ub1I01UeJ~tU~1b'OlbbGl::VlGleJ~L6'lVit91 iii'lbb~~ ~U ii'lViBbilu~1-:j n~UFl11 1illn~f)1OI b'VIilm1l11
J,tl1::3.J1ru 5 b'Vil iii'lbb~-:jill~b~eJ~-hu1tJi.u'VI6'leJ~L6'lVi~ bbt91-:j bb6'l:;iii'l bbt91-:jR&i, b~mhu1tJi.u'VI6'leJ~16'1Vi~~1 b"1l6'l~ bb6'l:;bilflb~ID!?lI-:j"l
bflm-neJ-:jnuL6'lVit91"lJru:;vI~.J1u1tl~I3.J'VIGleJt91L6'lVi~~eJlOI Lt91lOliiJlb'VI~eJ-:jfl1UeJ~1eJU"l bilflb~eJ bb6'l:;b"1l6'l~c.JU-:jVl6'leJ~16'1Vi~ ~eJlOI bilu
~1n6'l1~bum1 bb6'lmtl~IOIUfl1'V11'bbGl:;thmVl"lJeJ~bi'llOl tTUReJ L6'lVi~theJeJll'iib'OlU eJ1'V111 J, bb6'l:;bn~ID bb1 1tJi.~b"1l6'l~ bc.J1c.J6'lI'1!
bilufla~-:jlu bbGl:;'lieJ3.Jbb"1l3.JilhuvI·lh~t91"lJlt911tl bb~1U1Rl1ueJu1t91eJIDn1"1l~ bb6'l:;"lJeJ~ bi'llOl'Ollmilflb~eJfla1Jb-n13.Jlbu16'1Vi~ beJl1tl

,hmVleJeJn

bU~1-:jfl1I01'Ol:;m6'lVi~eJ~tl':;mruieJIOIGI:; 9 "lJeJ~J''V1Un~1 RuvliiJ''V1Untl,:;mru 50 nn. ~:;m6'lVi~tl1:;3.Jlru 4,500-

5,000 6'IU."1l3.J.

16'lili~ti1:;n€liJ~1~
- Jlb~eJt91 (Plasma) bilU'1JeJ-:jb'VI6'l1billi'lbVl~eJ-:jel8U ~-:jii
- bijt91b~8t91 (Blood Corpuscles) bilUb"1lGl~b~n"l Vl6'lII01~1U~16'l81018~

ti1 !'~f)~ ii1t91njj1t91vlbilutl1:;LIOI"1l'll!?le:d1~mlOl b'liU f)1V111v1tieJmb~1 bfl~eJbb~ .nil~3.JnUb;ffeJhFl 1~U11Ub'OlU
.. ,. 1U ,.

(Fibrinogen) J, btflOl~~1n!?l83.JH'VieJ vi b7I01n1111eJ1'13.JU bb6'l:;Ue:lfl~lnifnii"lJ8~ bi'llOl'Ol1fl~1-:jfl1I01v1~eJ~U11tl'Vi16'l1101v1~u Vl1mh 101 bVi

eJeJnVl1~iJillilll1:; N1V1U~ 'VI7eJtl8~ b~IDLGlVit918IDfl3.J1UIDn'VI6'lIDt91L6'lVi~ ~:;113.J~1n1Jbni~b~8~ 'Vi1b~bb-ii-:j~1bilu~3.J

b:iJ~b~f)~'II!~miJ~16'lVit91 iidj~L6'lVi~bbt91-:j bij~LGlVil9l'lJ11 bbGl:;bnim~eJ~

.biJ~r6'l~IPlU~'l (Red Blood Corpuscles) 1tln6'l3.JR~'101'Ol1U 1911-:jnGl1~b11 e)IDU bb6'l:;Vt91'VItiu iiill1'~-:ji1b'V1~mJill3.J
~

8~1l110111..1 b1101n11 ffi3.JLnGliiu (Haemoglobin) 'ViI1~ii~ b'VI~f)~eiIDU bb~b~8113.J~1nU3.J1n"l ~:;~f)~ b~U djui'I bb~~ ill11ilb~8

113.JnUIDIDn'iib'OlU~:;iii'lbb~~~~ bb!?lfj"113.JnUFI,1lJIDU1~8f)fl1"1ll9i~:;iii'lbbt91-:jR~' b~~b~8~bb~~illi1-:j-11u'Ol1n1"lJm:;~n bURutln~
~

'Ol:;i1Lij~b~f)~bb~-:jtl1::3.J1ru "1l1101/'VItlj-:j = 5,000,00014,500,000 ~1!?lID GllJ.3.J3.J.

•

mSU5!UWfJ1U1a : S1\Jn1ERJElIJlS1

£iJ~ranl1l'1Jld (White Blood Corpuscles or Leukocytes) il~1.J11~bI,~:::'lJU1~bI,~f1\9h~nu 'lJU1~1~fl';hdJ~1~~~

bb~~ ilU1 bA~tl~Vtrt~Vti€lVt~ltl5utu b<Jj~~ b~m mh'V118€lU ~11~'Olln1'lJm:::~fHb~:::liifl~thVt~€l~ l'i'lVtU1v1liim~\!J3€lbdA bb~:::
~~

~~bI,1.J~n1.J~€l~v1b-n16H1~mtl il-;ilU1U1.J":i:::~1ru 5,000-7,000 b;j~/~'IJ.~~. tUAu1.Jn~
~
£n1!9HNeJiPl (Platelets) 'lJU1~b~nf)':hb;j~1~~~bb~~ 1~ilu1brY~tl~ ~11~'Ol1n1'lJm:::~n l'i'lVtUlv1'1l1tlt~~~~bI,-iJ~~1

b~€l1Vt~fl€lnmuflnVt~fl~1ii1~~ Vtim~fltl1~lutU'lJ€l~Vt~€l~1ii1~~bfi~bdA~U n'Ol:::bb-iJ~~1~":i~,~,ru djU~~b~€l~ tUAu1.Jn~'Ol:::

ilbn~~b~€l~1.J":i::~1ru 2,000,000 b;j~/~'IJ.~~. lii1~\1l b~€l€l€ln~1u€lnVt~€l~1~~\1l'Ol:::bb-iJ~~1 bUU~~111tllu 3-5 U1Vi'luAu1.Jn~

1~~\1l ilVtU1v1tJlfl€ln'ilb'OlUUfl1mAv1Vt1tll'Olb-nl11.J1u1.Jfl~11.Jt~bdm~€lliil~'l l'i'lm":i~U~n1.Jfl1Vtl":il~bUU'V'l&r~~lU bb~:::

tJ1b1,n~A1~'IJ€lu1l?!€l€ln1<Jj~'Ollmdm~€l11.J~~1.Jfl~ b~m~flm~€ll?!bfl1 CO2 fl€lnbl,1;hr'IJ 021Vt~ 1l?!tlm":il'i'1~lU'lJ€l~b;jl?!b~€ll?!bI,l?!~
A1'IJA~fmof1-a:::~'lJA11~1€lU111tllu11~mtll~A~€ltltu€lruVl.flii1.Jn~R€l 98.4 fl~A1rJ1 b-au1fl~ vh1~11~mtl'1l~!J3u 'tl1fl1Vll-a11.J
q 'lJ • 'lJ 'I

l~b<Jj~~liil~'l iJel~nu b!J3€ll-aA tJl~~bI,1.Jiiln1.JiiI€l~v1 b-n1~11~mtl11.J-nmhtl€lelnll?!tl b;jl?! b~ell?!'lJ11

i'Jh bUuel1'm:::v11.J-a:::nel'IJ~U~1tln~1~ bd€lv11~mJt~ei'1U1'Ol~~l'Ol .fI1tllul'V'l-a~il~~el~ ~1.J11~A~1tl~€ln1J1~~€l~tu

'1l€l~€lm:::Vlrj1~1.Jell?!~~~€l~-n1~ ~-a~n~1~m1~€lnlu-a:::~'IJ-al1U~ Vlun1.J-a:::mru 300 nf~ ilb~€l~~.fI1tlU€lm~tlnrjl "b~€l~~
qq

vhl'Ol" vht'Olbbjj~el€ln1~bUU~n'1i'1mb~:::~n'lJ11 ~nVlrt~il 2 ~€l~ 'lJUbb~:::6h~ vhh~n'lJ11f'IJ1~~~1'11'Ol1n11~mtl~1b-n1~€l~'lJU

'lJ11 bb~1 ~~11.J iT~~el~6h~'lJ11'Ol1n,rU'Ol:::~~11.J~1.Jell?! b~€lrJ€ln bellA1~'IJ€lU1l?!el€ln1<Jj~€leln bb~1f'IJ belleleln'il b'OlU'Ol1ntN ~~lu1.J€ll?!
~q

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q

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bb~:::~1~ n'IJ~elu b~€ll?! bbl?!~eleln'Ol1nVf11'Ol ~~11.J~ bdm~€lliil~'l 'lJel~11~mtl ~~Vl~l?!dbUU11.Jl~tlm-ati'IJ~11'h~1U'lJ€l~Vf11'Ol
~

Vf11'Ol'Ol:::ti'IJ~1 2 Af~ (i'l~b~tl~~uVf11'OltJ~1~v1Vlu1eln'IJ~bdruVf11'Ol) 1l?!tl~€l~'lJU'lJ11bb~:::i1tl'Ol:::ti'IJ~1~1el~n'IJ1~b~€l~~~~1tu

~el~~1~'lJ11i1tl b~€lVf11'Olti'IJAf~v1 2 b~€ll?!1'11'Ol1n~el~~1~'lJ11'Ol:::~nil~11.Jv11.Jel~ ~1Ub~€ll?!bI,~~'Ol1n~€l~~1~i1tlti'IJ~1n'Ol:::~n
~~

il~11.J bttl~~1~mtl\1l1~Vl~el~b~el\1l bb~~ l'i'11~Vl~€l~ b~el~bb~~'lJtl1tl~1\1l1~~~Vl1:::m-ati'IJ~1'lJ€l~Vf11'Ol ~~~1~1-a~A6h1~~1~

~1uIii1~'l 'lJ€l~11~mtl ~-a~1'11b1,Vttl~v1Vtiil€l~ b~€l~bb~~~U~1€l~tf1~tl1VtU~ b~tlnrj1 ~'¥'l'Ol':i (Pulse) ~~il€l~~niil::: 11 ,l?!'lJel~

11~mtl lwJ1Vl~Vf11'Ol'Ol:::b~u1.J":i:::~lru 60-70 Af~liielU1V11ub~n'Ol:::blii'ub~1nrjlRel1.J-a:::~1ru 100 Af~Iii€lU1V1 b~nlum-a.n

Vf11'Ol b~U b~'J1.J-a:::~lru 150-160 Af~Iii€lU1V1

Vt6l£)~161Vit9l il 3 '1lU~ ~£)

- Vl~fll?!l~~~bb~~ (Arteries)
- Vl~€l~1~~t9l1'11 (Veins)
- Vl~eJ~l~~(;1llJmJ (Capillaries)

VtSlel~lSlVl(;1 bb~~ bUUVl~fl~lGl~t9lv1f'IJl~Vl~ bb~~'OllnVf1h 11.J bttl~ bd€l b~€l1ii1~'l 'lJeJ~~1~mtl 1.J-a:::nfl'IJ~1tln~1~ bdfl b~tl'IJ

~~ bb~:::Vll?!~11~~1n 1~il~U111tllu eJ€ln'Ol1nVf1h~ni1tl~1~ il'lJU1~lVltlJ~~~ b~tlnrj1 bflfl€l-1~l (Aorta) bb~1 bb(;1mb'lJU~

bl,tlnflfln b~nGl~11.J(;11~~1~'IJ'Oluil~n1ofru:::A~1tl b~U~ltl b~tlnrj1 Vt~€l~l~~~llJeltl Vl~eJl?!1~Vl~'Ol1nVf11'Ol11.JrJ€ln b~el~~1.J€l(?) b~tlnrjl

Vl~eJ~ b~fll?! bb~~1.J€l(?) (Pulmonary Arteries) 1~bbrJ'IJb~fl1~ilb~fll?!

Vt Slel (;1bSlVlt9l1'11 bUUVl~€l(?)b~~t9l~f'IJ1~~t9l'Ol1mdm~mhuVl~€l(?)l~~t9lllJeJtl b-nl~1~Vf1h~n'IJU'lJ11 il'lJU1l?!lt9l~U'l

t9l1~~1~'IJ bb~:::ilVt~eJ~lGl~t9l~tJl1~~(;1'IJ~~'Vlt'Ol1f11.J€l(?)~1~Vf1h~ni1~'lJU b1~nrj1Vt~ell?! b~eJ(?)1'111.JeJ(?) (Pulmonary Veins) il I
q~
I
v.JU~'IJ1~nrj1Vl~fl(?) b~fl(?) bb(?)~ 'Ol:::bI,rJ'IJb~el1~ilb~€l(?) .fI1~lUVl~€l(?) b~flt9l1'11il~wrUb~€l~ (Valves) iJlmVl~n&r'IJ ~~ilmj~1n
~ I

'IJ~b1ru'lJ1 bbiil:::n~l~ bdeJ Vl~fll?!b~fl~1'111Vt~~ b-nl~Vf1h b~tlnrjlVl~fl(?) b~fl(?)1'11 (Veins) Vl~fl(?) b~fl(?)1'11Vil1.J~'IJ1~il~Ub'1lud I~

Vl~fl(?) b~fll?!1'11il~1f1nrj1Vl~fl~b~fl(?)bb(?)~mn bbjj~flfln1~bUU 2 <Jj~ Rfl<Jj(?)11ii'~1Vlu~ bl,Gl:::'Ml~n ~~b~uri11.Jn'IJVl~fl(?) b~fl(?)bb~N I
'II q q 'lJ ~

(Superficial & Deep Veins) I

Vt Slel~16'lVi~eJeW bUUVl~ell?! b~f1~1n'lJU1(?)dl~1.J-a:::mru 1/3000 01 btBel~liifl1.J~1~~(?)'lJ€l~Vl~fl(?) b~fl(?) bb(?)~n'IJ ~1U ,I

'lJUVl ~fl~ b~fll?!~l m-a bI,~n b1.J~tlUfl1Vll-a'Ol1n b~fl(?) ~ bdfl b~fl bl,iiI:::'lJfl~ b~~'Ol1n bdel b~fl ~ b~eJ(?)'Ol:::eJ1Uv.JU~'lJfl~Vl ~el~ b~el~ llJel~
~~

~~'IJ1~bI,iiI:::1.J-a:::f1€l'IJ~U~1m<Jjiil~b~~~nu bUUbbm b1~~ b~~1 b;j~lii1Vit9l'lJl1n~1~1-a~eJ1U'Ol1n b~fll?!11.J~ bd€l b~el11ii''V11~v.JU~'lJfl~
~

Vtiilfl~b~fl~llJeJ~ (~-a1.J~ 6)
~~

•

6

n1sl.l11UWfJ1U1a : S1IJ01EJUElmS1

..

Ulil6lLf.ih'l
ililfl;.a1f1mh

t02

slln 6 .slln 6.1

v s:uulV1alJEJufaViP1 (Circulatory System)

s:uulV1alJEJufaViP1 (Circulatory System)

1 tiLfl1'ii 'VIii! b1tlU"lJiNlli!iiil9l311 u"h~fl1 tI bl.tl'leJeJn1~d:iu 3 'ii:::umimJ ReJ

1. 'ii:::UUlii1ViIil1Vl6'H1tJuVf111l (Systemic Circulation)

2. 'ii:::uulii1ViIil1Vliilb1tJUlihulleJliI (Pulmonary Circulation)

3. 'ii:::uulii1ViIil1Vliilb1tJw·hutllu (Portal Circulation)

4:::U11lli1Vi1i11Vliii b1tJ'lJVi'11t1 Vl1h"lleJ'loH1mh:! (Left Ventricle) UUVlliltll11ii1biilViIil bblil'lviu16',l'Vl~~ bblil'l6'I1ii b..v111J1'IJ
Vliil'ellil b~'ellil b'el'eleJ1~1 (Aorta) bba1m:::'.ntJ11l1i11~Vliil'ellilb~'el1ii bl.1iI'lvi bblilnft'lr11'IJeJeJn11l~eJ1tJ1:::bl.iiI:::th'IJ\Pi1'l'1 'lJ'el'l~1'ln1tJ lli1tJ
eJ1'IJ'Vl1'lVliil'ellii b~eJlileJ'eltJ ll~'eltJ'eleJn'1l b'Ol'IJ bl.iiI:::'el1Vl1'iiviti'eltJ bba1b~nu b'll'el b~eJ\Pi1'l'1 'lJeJ'l~1'lmtJ bl.i;h~'u b'el1rn1ueJ'IJ11i1'eleJn1"ll\9l
bl.iiI:::'lJeJ'lb~tJ~U"l 'OI1m;:lm~eJ\Pi1'l"l fl~1Jb-D1~Vliil'ellilb~eJliI~11Vliilfl~u11l~Vl1b'Ol b~'elIil~~bblil'lI'l~11Vliilb-D1~Vl1b'Ol"ll'el'l'lJ11U'IJ (Right

Auricle) bba1tlf1UUiil'l11l"lleJ'l'lJ11~1'l (Right Ventricle) (mllvl 6.1)
~/ ~~

d:::1111lIi1ViIil1Vllilb1tJ'lJtb'IJtI'ellil Vl1b'Ol"ll'el'l'lJ11~1'l'Ol:::UUtll11~b~'el1il~1 b-D1aVliil'ellii b~eJliI bblil'l ll'elIil~'lbl.tJneJ'eln11lall'eliii
~~

f('l6'l'el'l..v1'loH1tJ bl.iiI:::'1J11 Vliil'ellil b~eJliI bl.1iI'l1l'el1il'Ol:::bl.liln bb'lJ'IJ'l b~niil'l"l b'IJll'elIil'Ol'IJbU'lJVliil'ellii b~'ellil eJeJtJaeJ~eJ~'ii'elU"l ~'liil~b'IJlleJliI

t11bVl~eJ'tJ1iI1'1htJ
b~eJliI~1ii'Ol:::1iI1iI b'el1'eleJn'1l b'Ol'IJ'OI1fl'el1n1flvlVl1tJh b..v111leJt~J1'IJ,tNiiI~ bl.iiI:::1'l1tJI'l11ueJ'IJ11i1eJeJn1"ll\9l bbiil:::'lJ~'l b~tJ
~

vl'ii:::bVltJ1~b-D111J1'IJ~'liil~ b~'elIil'Ol:::n~u~~ bl.~N6'lIillVliiln~u b..v111J1'IJVliil'ellilb~'el1il~11l'el1ii n~u11l~Vl1b'Ol"ll'el'loH1tJu'IJ (Left Aurice)

bba1t,]nUUiil'l~"lleJ'l'1i1tJIii1'l

d:::UUl1i1Vilil1VlIiI b1tJ'IJ~1'IJi11 b~eJlilvflVliil~1'011flm:::b'Vn:::'el1Vl1'ii ~11~ ~1~ bbiil:::tIlmieJ'IJ 'OI:::'ii1~n'IJb-D1aVliileJliI b~eJliI
~

~1er'IJb~m~tIl1J (Portal Vein) ~'lb~m-D111J1'IJiu'OI:::bl.liln~'lr11'IJ6'l1'lJ1eJeJmtl'IJVliil'ellilb~'elIil~'eltJ bU'lJ1iI1'lhmeJu"l b"lliil~'lJ'el'ltllU

b~eJlilii'Ol:::1l~'eltJ'el1Vl1'iib~tIlU biiu6'l:::6'l~ 'lJeJ'lb~tJ1J1'l"llilliib~tIluvi1ii11tJ bl.a1 b~eJliln'Ol:::1Vliilb-D1~Vliil'ellii b~fllil~1'lJ'el..:jtllU (Hepatic Vein)

11lb..v1VliileJlilb~eJliI~1bVlqJ (Inferior Vena Cava) vlb..v1~Vl1h"ll'el..:j'lJ111J'IJ~'el11l

•

mSU51UWEl1U1a : S1Un1E1tJamS1

s:uUn1s1Vl815aUlJB\JlhIVlaBu

lb::flm.J~1tJ l.h'Vl~D{j 'Vl6lD~t1"lb'Vlt'iD{j 1J.6l::liimJt11b'Vl~D{j

t11b'Vl~D{j (Lymp) 1i~b'Vl~D{j 1it]'V1~dj'U~1{jflD'U 1~3.n.nmb'UthtJ'Ut11bt'iD~ 1idj~b~D~·1.m t11b'Vlt'iD{jvl1'Vl'li1'vM'U

1Pl1fl6l1{j1VlDDfl'il b'Ol'U 1J.6l::m'Vl1~'Ol1fl b~D~ bb~{j ~h'U b-D1 ~ b'1!6l~\ii1{j"l bb6l::U1 bmrn1uD'Ul~DDfll'1!~nU'1.ID{j b~tJ\ii1{j"l 'Ol1fl b'1! 6l~

b-D11tl~m::1J.6'l16lVi{9l

'Vl6lD~t11b'Vl~D{j (Lymphatic Vessels) t11b'Vl~D{jl'Vlm1tJ'Ultlvh:i1{jfl1tJl~tJ'V11{j'Vl6lD~b~fl"l b~tJfli1 'Vl6lD~t11b'Vl~D{j

'li{j:IJ1~1:IJn'Ub-D1btJ'UvlD1'VltY 2 viD el'U'Vlti{jU1t11 b'Vlt'iD{j'Ol1fl~1'U'1.I11'1.1D{jiib~:: iii1rlD bb6l::bb'1.l'U'1.I111tltlt'iDm-D1~'Vl6lD~bt'iD~~h

1'VltY{9l~{jl'Vltl6l111'1.1d1 (Right Subclavian Vein) BflvlD'Vlti{jb~tJfli1 'Vl6lD~t11b'Vl~D{j'V1~d{jDfl (Thoracic Duct) ~{j~'U'Ol1fl

~1'U'VlU1'1.1D{jm::~fl ~'U'Vl~{j ~d'U bD1-DD~ 2 ~1'U:lJ1-D1{j'VlU1m::~fl ~'U'Vl ~{j~1'U~ b'Vl~mf{j'Vl:IJ~'1.ID{j11{jfl1tJltltl t'iDtJ b-D1 ~
'Vl6lD~ b~D~~h1'Vlqj"{9l~{j1'Vltl6l1"hh'1tJ (Left Subclavian Vein) " "

liiD:lJt11 b'VliiD{j (Lymphatic Glands) btJ'UliiD:lJfl6l:IJ b~fl"l D~ btJ'!.Jfl~:IJ"l 1'U~::'Vli1{j'V11{j'1.lD{j'Vl6lD~t11 b'Vlt'iD{j btJ'U~::tJ::~1

11{jfl1tJ b'li'U ~-rmb1 iii1rlD 11'1'U'1.I1 "1€1"1 liiD:lJt11b'Vlt'iD{jbtJ'U~6'li1{jb:ij~16lVi{9l'1.l11'Jju~VlbA~ ~D ~:lJl~'.B'm'l {Lymphocytes)

\iiD:lJvl1'VlU1~b'VlljD'Ui1D:IJ!Kfl«{9l~ AD b~Dhl'l
"

'I'Ift£lGlft3Jt~n (Bronchus & Bronchioles)

• <l ..fl'l13J~'UIl1!Jl'it

'II£l"t!J£l'l!3JlI£lGl 755 3-1.3-1. lI~£lVl

sLifi 7

v

s:uUVI1s1v (Respiratory System)

•

L

ms1l2uUJ81U1a : ~:h\Jm8UEl\JIS1

4. s::uuYl1alv (The Respiratory System)

a5ao:lna:ltlun1svl1al~ lfillri

fl. thfl 'OI\!fl Ut'l::fl'YJ£Jl"lfl (Mouth, Nose and Pharynx)

'lJ. fl1iifl~b~V~ (Larynx)

I"l. Vlt'lfl~l"lfl (Trachea), Vlt'lel~t'llJ1V1Qj (Bronchus), Vl6'lel~iillJb~fl (Bronchioles)

~. llel~-K1V, 'lJ111lfl~-K1Vjj 2 fli'l'lJ llel~'lJ11jj 3 fli'l'lJ mv1'tJjj~~6'llJ (Alveoli) b~fl"1 mflmV~ellJ1'011flVl6'lfl~6'llJb~fl
llfl~jj~mfru::1"l ~1V~el~J1fl~1'tJVI":i1~elfl ~~jjI"l11lJfl~~'tJmv1'tJUflVfl11'lJ":i":imml'1 llel~fl~1'tJvhr~rl'lJRelVl":i1~elfl'lJtnv bfl~

1~1~ bb~ti~VI~1~mlJVI":i1~elflvl'lJmVflflflVl~elV'lJ6'I~ jj b~fl~lJllfl~~lJml
'I 'iii q 1U
VI':i1~f)fl (Thorax) bbiil::m::u~iillJ (Diaphragm) b~fl~'tJVVl1V1'011'tJ6'llJfl~«~m":i6'l~lJ1~1lJll":i::6'l1V11'lJ~'tJVI~~~Vl":i1~flfl

bbiil::m::U~iillJ 'I'h1~Vl":i1~elfl'lJV1V m::u~6'llJVlVel'tJ6'I~ bn~'1lfl~11~lJ1fltE'tJmv1'tJ'vm~elfl m1lJ~'tJUflViil~flfl llfl~n'Ol::'lJmv

~1mlJVl":i1~flfl ~~fl1ml'1 b-n111l'Ol'tJn~~N6'llJ (Vl1V1'01b-n1 Inspiration) b~m'l":i1~ElflV'lJ~1t'l~ m::u~ t'llJVI~~1tE'tJn'Ol::ii'lJ1JEl~
'U 'I . 'I

-n'lJiillJElflfl11l'Ol1flfl,~iillJ (Vl1vhelElfl Expiration) (mllvl 7)
~~

m'UJRf) (Pharynx) jj ~nlfru::I"l~1Vm1V biJ'tJi;h'tJvlVl1~ b~'tJfl1V11":i Uiil::VI1~ b~'tJVl1V1~lJ1'S1lJn'tJ bb~1 bbvnn'tJ11l1"l'tJ6'I::VI1~

El1V11":i1ut'tJVl6'lel~mVl1":i (Oesophagus) ~~ biJ'tJVl6'lel~n~1lJ bilEl b~V'lJ bb~'lJel~~1'tJVI~~ 6l1'tJiillJVl1V1'01'01::~·h'tJm4fl~ b~V~ (Larynx)

bb6'l::Vl6'lfl~l"lfl (Trachea) ~~mj-n~1~VlU1N1'tJVl6'lfl~iillJiil~61f~l~,iillJ1'tJllfl~

fl~f)~ ~~!J~ (Larynx) mj~fl11l'Ol1n11"l'tJ~'tJ\9l":i~ b-n164V16'1fl~l"lel (Trachea) ":i1l'S1~1"l~1tlm1V 1l":i::flfl'lJtE'tJ~1tlm::~m.ifl'tJ
~ 1U .v
1U

9 ~'tJ ~fln'tJelV~1Vba'tJbbiil::n~1lJbilEl vh1~bl"l~fl'tJ1V11tE'tJiil~1~ mtl1'tJih~fllJn'lJElV \9l":i~1l1nVl1~b-n1fliiifl~b~tl~jjt'tJtJ~Vliilel~6'llJ
'U 'lI 'I 'U

(Epiglottis) biJ'tJm::~mjEl'tJbiJ'tJbbN'tJI"l~1V1'lJ1~ ~~'OI::'Vhm":itJ~Vliilel~6'llJb1iil1n~'tJfl1V11d iJEl~n'tJ1lJ1~fl1V11dVl~fl~~~'tJ1~
~

(vll31'1liillJfl1ml'1) N1'tJ6'I~1ut'tJn~fl~b~tl~ '1'1'11~bn~1J'tJ~":i1tl mv1'tJniiiEl~b~tl~jj6'l1Vb~V~ (Vocal Cords) ~~'OI::VI~fl'tJVI~fl~~

'1'1'11~bfi~ b~tl~~h~61 1~ 6'l1tl b~v~jj~'1J11~flV'OI1nVlu111lVl~-:!~1lJ bb'tJ1'tJel'tJjjm::~m.ifl'tJ bbiil::n~1lJ bilEll"lfltl~-:!{-:!1~bll~V'tJ b~tl-:!
I ~ ~

Vliilf)~I"lf) (Trachea) bbiil::Vliilf)~iillJ (Bronchus) Vliilfl~l"lmiJ'tJn~1lJbilm~V'lJ1l":i::nEl'lJtE'tJbiJ'tJ'vlElV111l":i::lJ1ru 4 d11"l~-:!

jjm::~neiel'tJ":ill~h U ll":i::mru 17-20 1J'tJ ~-:!el~ biJ'tJi'tJ 61 ~1'tJVlU1 ~1UVI~-:!jjn~1lJ bilBtJ~~iilB~'OI'tJbiJ'tJ'V1El~-:!jjb~mJf1vljj'lJ'tJ
'U 'U 'U 'U
I

(Ciliated Epithelium) 1JB~mv1u 1l6'l1tl~1~'1JEl-:!VliilEl~I"lB bbtlnElBmiJ'tJ 2 bb'lJ'tJ-:!-K1tl'1J11b~Vn11V1iilEl~iillJ1V1Qj (Bronchus)

b-n1 ~llEl~,.f~6'lfl~-n1-:! 1UVl6'lEl~iillJl"l-:!jjm::~neiEl'tJI"l~~1-:!niilaJ~-:!el~~iilel~VI1~ bb~1 bbtl-:! bbVnElEln biJ'tJ bb'1JU-:! b~n"1 6'1~ b~tln11

Vl6'lEl~iillJb~nuiil::Vl6'lEl~6'llJ~eltl (Bronchioles) ~":i-:!1l6'l1V6'l~'OI::bbtl-:!ElElmiJ'tJn~aJfI-:!iillJ (Alveoli) ~nlfru::I"l~1tl~1-:!B~U~1V11''lJ
" . 'i 'i 'I

~1tlElEln'll b'Ol'tJ u6'I::1"l11'lJEl'tJ1~BEln1'1Jli1n'lJ bii~liil~~ bb~-:!

1lf)~ (Lungs) llEl~Eltl1'tJVl":i1-:!Eln,.f~6'lEl~-n1-:! ":i1aJElVn'lJ'«11'01 VliilEl~b~fl~ "1t'l"1 bilBllfl~jj~nlfru::ij~Vl,vUmmbt'l::1"l~1tl
~ ~

~El-:!J1 'OI::t'lBvJ11u":i1vlln~ llEl~ettW'lijjI"l11aJ'OIlld::aJ1ru 5,000 6'I'lJ.'1JaJ. f11":iVl1tlhb-n1bb~iil::I"l{~lld::mru 500 6'I'lJ.'1JlJ. u~
~ 01;:: ,

fi'1V11tlhtl11"1 ~n"1 El1'01~~iillJ b-n111l1~n~ 1,000-1,500 iil'lJ.'1JlJ. VI~flmnn11,r'tJ 1ul"lulln~'OI::Vl1tlhb-n1ElElnll":i::mru

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Central Postcentral gyrus sensory area
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Hypophysis (Cranial N.)

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and tract

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4. Trochlear

5. Trigeminal motor
trigeminal sensory

6. Abducent

. Facial

9. Glossopharyngeal

11. Spinal accessory

Spinal cord

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CRANIO - SACRAL - THORACO - LUMBAR -
PARASYMPATHETIC SYMPATHETIC

INHIBITS HEART --~
DILATES ARTERIOLES / / /
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J~..-/
STOMACH MOTILITY & ',,- STIMULATES LACRIMAL
SECRETION STIMULATED
PANCREAS STIMULATED '~i

INTESTINAL MOTILITY STIMULATES SALIVARY FLOW
STIMULATED
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BLADDER CONTRACTION INHIBITED BLADDER WALL

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§un 12

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Vff)~eYmt'l1J b'lltJ bb~~tif)t.l1tJm:bm:en'VI1~ bb~~1.ffl'V1'rlf)t.l1111rul~rl UWl 'VI1f)lJ:b~~1J1~'1lilWi

•

.. msl.lguWfJ1U1a : S1IJn18lJ€lIJlS1

'l'\.l1 ft1'l1 ----\.\+ .+1#----- "Li)elel'a~1

mt-----vlel'~

I + - I - I - - - - - - - + _ vlelUGfGf1.::;

sun 13

v

s:uuCaa13: (s:UuiJun18Caa13:)

7. s::UuOaa10:: ua::auwu~ (The Genito - Urinary System)

rnd"~'WlPlltl (Oxidation) 'lJel~ dlel b~ell1h~'l1'W11~rntJ ~m.J'l'h1VfbnlPl'lJel~ b~tJjf'W '1i~-;.il dj'W~el~<jf'IJ~ltJeleln1tl'Olln11~rntJ

1~bbrl fll'~'lJel'W1lPleleln1'll\9l til bn~md m~tJ '1~'1 rnd"<jf'IJ~1tJ'lJel~b~tJeleln'Olln11~rntJli 3 'I'm Flel 'I'11~tlellPl 'I'11~~lJ'VItJ~
'"
bb~:;'1'11~11?l Flmmi:l6'l6'l11:;

d":;UUi:l6'l6'l11:: tld":;nelU~1tJ 11?l ('l'iel11?l'1i~liel~ 2 'ifl~) m:;b'rn:;i:l6'l6'l11:; 'l'ieli:l6'l6'l11:; 11?l li 2 'ifl~ el~I?ld"~U1nru

If'Wbel1'ifl~'l m:;~n~'W'VI~~ 1'Wd":;~U~fld"~~ 11 ~~m'" li'lJ'WllPltJ11tld":;l.nru 4 il1~1?l 'VItJntld":;~nru 4 elel'W'lllibtl'"~eln~:IJ'VI'W1

bb~:;lib~ell9l:IJ1:IJln 11?l'l'lI'V1Ul~nGt'Wmel~bm'lJel~b~tJ b'li'W m~tJ br1~md til eleln'OllnlG'lViI?l bti'Wtili:l6'l6'l11:;<jfmJi'W'l'iel11?l '1i~'Ol:;
iiU11Pl~1bti'Wd":;tJ:;'l G'l~1tl~m:;b'l'n:;i:l6'l6'l11:;bti'W'VItJlPl'l '"bb~1<jfu~lm·h'W'l'ieli:l6'l6111:;eleln1tl'Olln11~rntJ (~~tl 13) b~elli.

e)'WI?ld"lmnlPlt1u11?l b'li'W flnm:;bb'l'1n flmb'l'1~ fln~~ 'VI~elm:;lPln~fld"~Vi'fWh ifnlimnT~~elflel~I~d"'Wbbd"~ t111~l?lltJ~'WVinm'Olli~
'U '\I qJ <U

mrnd" b~ellPll?ln1'W1~ 'VI~elm'Ol~ltJi:l616111:;li b~ell9l 'VI1el~n'i2l'ru:; b'VIiiel'Wtil~l~ bilel1~

~_ _ _ _ f1"j~~'I'l1=i1!IiI1'l~
(Urinary Bladder)

nT.:~nli''l'''~1' -~:----T'~ I \ L - - - ~~'1i1n1~
(Seminal Vesicle)
(PuDic Bone)
'-f---4'---- 6(iPirlo~~atnaVtle~1Gnland)
1Iv1~vliNlI1
_ _ _:A-~...l,- , •X
(Corpus Sponglosum)
vlllU!I!l1'l: 'I'lilU1~'IIil'll1tJ
(Urethra)
(Vas Deferens)

1...-_ _ 'I'l'l1'W1Un

(Anus)

,.,U~iI~tlil1!1
(Prepuce)

;J,J..-_ _ _ IN;)IlI'f1~

(Scrotum)

§un 14.1

El:)83:auLifu~(j1tJ

•

mstJgUUJtl1U1a : S1IJn18UElIllS1

s!uuauwu~ tJS!nEluv)Jat15aJ!aUwu~tJElmt\)lnalla!Vlcg\) (Genital 0rgans) nEl~mauElnlla:malutiElmlEl\)

e)'Jm::~1J~t.I~'llI~ (Male Sex Organs) 1~bbrl ~1~~f'i (i:ibbvi~'V'l'eJ~th)~m~lt.1 2 bbvi~ b1~lb~'eJ~1tJ1~b-lllm~::'t'm~1Pl1

bbiil::bb-ii~:fft.l1~) i:ivi'eJi:I~~11::~lt.1-ll1~1~ (bfjt.l'Vm~lt.1'1l'eJ~,Jlrn~~1~) ~fle)ru'VI::~~'eJ~1t.1~~e)ru'VI::i:i 2 ~fl (1J1~flt.lr11~'eJ~1t.1

'li'eJ~Vi'ei~ 1 iilfl ~~btJI~e:l'eJ~1t.1{l~e)ru'VI::~flb~m-vm~bb~~) bfjt.lri~"h:j1Pl1b;ffm'rlA'llI~ (m~~-Spermatozoa) bbiil::1I'eJ":i1~t.lb'rlA']jl~
." 'II II 'U q

b;ffm'rlA']jl~~lfl~fle)ru'VI::~::{lfl~~~.ht.lvi'eJ'eJ~~ (Vas efferens & Vas defferens) b-lll11liJ~{l~,Jlrn~ (Seminal Vesicles)II
. .l~~i:i,Jlm~~1J'eJ'eJfl~I~lnl'i'eJ.~~ntJImn (Prostate Gland) b-lllmtJIsi'eJbt~~b~ml~,Jlm~ti1J~1 ,Jlrn~fi~::'I'i~'eJ'eJfl~I'Vl1~vi'eJq
'lJ 'U

i:I~~11:: (~"l1l 14. 1)

vim,M'Il

....---------(Falloplan Tube)

1'1'17~3lfl~n : - - _ iJn3lfl~n
(Uterine Cavity) (Salpinx)

3lfl~n Fimbria

(Uterus) ~~~~_ _ 'M'Il

Lgil~3lfl~n - - - (Ovary)

U1n3lflan _ __

(Cervrx)

sLlfi 14.2

v

'eJ1m::g!l1J~t.I~tJlQJ~ (Femal Sex Organs) 1~bbrl 'eJ1m::m~t.I'eJfl ~~i:ibbfl~ltJ1qj bbfl~b~fl ~~flg:j~'eJ~~ m~lt.1'li'eJ~fliil'eJ~
(Vagina) btJIil'eJ'li'eJ~fl~'eJ~i:i'li'eJ~i:I~~11::mbtJ~'eJ'eJn vi'eJi:I~~11::'1l'eJ~~tJlQJ~m11l":i::~lru 1-1 1/2 d1 ~lnm::b'rll::i:I~~11::

. . .iil'eJ~1~m::~n~1btJIthm)f1~lri'li£l~i:I~~11:: (vi'eJi:I~~11::'1l'eJ~~'llI~m1fl';h~lfl m1~~'eJ~~I~~f'i) ~~iilfl (Uterus) bfjt.l

n~l~bd'eJribb-ii~bb":i~bbiil::tJ~1Pl1'eJ£lfl1~~lfl ~ll"lI~A~I~~n'll~~ vi'eJ"'r~1'li bbiil::1Jfl~~~n (Fallopion Tubes & Salpinges) "'r~1'li

....(Ovary) bbiil::b~lt.1~ (Mammary Glands) (~":i1l 14.2) "'r~1'liN~~1'libb~::1I'eJf(~'l.JtJliill~'llU~
.

8. s~uuAaulsria (The Endocrine System)
1l":i::fl'eJ1J~1mi'eJ~l'il~"l riNg:j~~I":ibfli:i b~~fl11 "fl£l":i1~'I.J" :fft.l~1 bb~1.1Ji~ b-lll~m:: bb~liilVi~11lviltJ1Ulri'1m~{;\t.llt.1~l~rn~

~1t.1l'il~"ll'i'eJ~btJI6hil'11ii:ivi£ll~1I'eJ":i1~t.I~lt.1'eJ'eJflmbtJlij'eJt.ll'i'eJ~btJI~'eJ l'i'eJ~,Jl~l~ "1~"1 ~~b~~fl11 "l'i'eJ~Hvi'eJtJI:S£ll'i£l~-11ii:ivi'eJ"
l'i'eJ~HvimtJIsilil1~bbrl

1. l'i'eJ~1'rlbil~iil (Pineal Glands) 'eJ~1t.1~~'eJ~

.. .2. l'i'eJ~ri'Vl~'Vl1~ (Pituitary Glands) tJI:S'eJl'i'eJ~l~~~fN 'eJ~1~~~'eJ~

3. l'i'eJ~1fS":i'eJ~1il (Thyroid Glands) 'eJ~I?l":i~tJlUltJ1~'eJ~iil~ l~~flm::b~'eJn
4. l'i'eJ~'rll":il1fS":i'eJ~1il (Parathyroid Glands) 'eJ~~'eJ~-llI~'1l'eJ~l'i'eJ~1fS":i'eJ~1il i:i 4 n'eJt.lb~fl"l
5. l'i'eJ~1mr~ (Thymus Glands) 'eJ~1t.1'Vl":i'N'eJfl m~.ff1~11~
6. l'i'eJ~1'eJ~b~'Vl'eJ'eJ'V'lbb~~bfl'eJ1bbflt.l~ (Islets of Langerhans) bfjt.lfl~~b']jiil~m::~I~'eJ~1t.1lPl1JfJ£lt.l (Pancreas)

.7. l'i'eJ~tJI~1fl11?l (Suprarenal Glands) fl":i'eJ1J'eJ~1Jt.I~'eJ~1Jt.I'1l'eJ~1I?lbbl'iiil::-lll~ fl~l~tJI~1fl
.

8. iilfle)ru'VI:: (Testes) bfjt.lflsi~b']jiil~m::~I~'eJ~1t.1iilfle)ru'VI:: ~il~lI'eJf(~t.lb'rlfl'lll~
'U q 'U 'U

9. "'r~1'li (Ovaries) bfjt.lfl~~b']j~~1t.1"'r~1'li ~il~lI'eJf(~t.lb'rl!'1tJ1QJ~
l'i'eJ~l'il~"l btJIsilil i:itJIul~bbl?lfll'il~nt.l11l vilm":im1Jfl~rn":ib~~flJb~1Jll?l'1l'eJ~"lI~rn~ rn":ibN1NiillfIJ m":im1Jflm::~1J
,Jl~l~ bbfl~b'il~~ 11lbbl?l~b'il~~ l']jb~~~ It.11~ViI?l "1iil"1 bb~::l'il~fii:irn":ivil~lt.1ll":i::~lt.1nt.lbrl'eJ1l":i::l~'llthm~"lI~rn~~1~ 1Pl1'eJ~1~
l'i£l~1~~~'eJ-iI ~il~lIm1~t.lb~mn1Jf11":ib~~fIJ b~1J11?l'1l'eJ~~I~rn~ (~Ii:i~lfl11lvil1~';h~rn~ltJ1f1J11?l ~~mfl ~IU'eJ~11lfi
~::b~~ bbfl":i::) ll":i::~lt.1n1Jrn":i b~~fIJ b~1J11?l'1l'eJ~e)ru'VI::bbiil::"'r~1'li l'i£l~,Jlt.1~ m1Jfl~rn":itil~i:I~~11:: vil1~fl~l~ bd'eJ b~~1JtJI~~1

~~~fltJI~1Pl1 "1iil"1

•

msllJ;1UW81U1a : S1Un181J8mS1

l?ien.J1u":ieW~ 6'lil-1J~e)'~1~UFl1lJl'J~m":ibe.JIe.J~I~ (tru~ntl) '1J~-IJ"lI-1JmtJ (Metabolism) Fl11~m::tl~m::btl"ll ml~
b~~~b@ilJ1lJl'1J~-IJ6'I~~-IJbb~::6'I@ii1~~1 .,~.,

1?i~~rn":i11f:j":i~tJ~ 6'lil-1J~~":i1~umlJl'J~":i::~lJ bbFl~ b~tJ~bU1~VilJl (~IU~tJltl bfi~m":ibn7-1J'1J~-IJn~l~bil~ -Knm::liJn ~1
~lnltlbfi~m":iel~ub'V'l~tJ m::~...n~n.~ltJ '1J11ri-IJ n~l~bil~l~ijml~~-IJ (Tone)

l?ieJ~'lIl~1flllJl 6'lil-1J~~":i1~u "bb~~~UI~U (Adrenaline)" 'it-IJm::~ub~'Vl~~~b~~~'Vl~~1 vhb~~lJ btl~VUln~1Flb~U~lbUU
til~n~fl~1Fl6'lb-L'l~m::bb6'l1~VilJlbr1~bUU'V'ltr-IJ-IJIU mlJl'J~m":ib'1iFlI":i1lJllJb~":ilJl Fl1lJl'J~":i::~lJ1tlbbI1l6'lb~V~bb~::1'1lb~V~bU1~ViI1l '1~'1

I?imJlel1;h~V1'1 tU~1JejelU mlJFl~":i::~lJtilm~bU1~ViI1l br1elb~"lI-1JmtJb'1i6'lil-1J'V'ltr-IJ-IJIU ~lijlJfli1~U "au'1l~u" (Insu-
•v

lin) UfltJltl ~:: bfi~hFl b1J1'Vl11U b'V'l":iI::ijtiI11l1~bU b~el~6'.I..-.IJ ~lmflltltil~n ~bU b~~~U~V~-IJ B1~ bfi~B1fl1":i~flFll;} (":i::~lJ

tiI11l1~tln@itl":i::~lru 80-120 ~n. %)

l?ieJ~b'WA elru,,:: 6'lil-1J~~i1~Ub'V'lA"1!IV (Testosterone) Vhb~"lI-1Jmmb-n-IJbb'N ij'VlU1~bFldl b~V-IJ~11 bb~::ijfl1m::b'V'lA
b~~~ b@ilJ1lJlbUU"1!ltJ

1-IJ1"1i 6'lil-1J~~d1~u'Vl~IV"1!iJ~v1vhb~b~m-l~~~n b~~~ b@ilJ1111 b~~l"1i~n'Vl~~ b~~1"1il;}wmde.J6'I~~u~vhb~I?i~~tiIU~ b~1~
'1Jl:J1V~1 br1~6'lil-1JtiIU~biv-IJ'llI1l":i Vhb~"lI-1JmV6'ldV-IJI~ ~~U1~ b~V-IJbb'Vl~~ ijb;}IU~ ij~1V1::b'V'lAb~~~b@ilJ1muUb'V'lA'Vlijj{j
~lijlJfl":i1~Ub'V'lAvt-IJ6'lfl{j"1!iJ~~ln'V'lfl"l nu B1~ij~1V1::b'V'lAvt{j 2 b'V'lA - m::bVlVbb't1 (Hermaphrodites) b~flFl~fl~~ln't1~{jbb~

~1'1lVl1 (Pupil) - - - - - , ~~,---+-- '1I£1Il'll'91' (Lacrimal glands)
J.;''Il9n (Iris) --~ ~:T--,--h,.--I~1.I~.m9l-ltJ'II (Upper Lid)

m:r..n'l1 (Cornea) ~~~~

~J191' (Lacrimal ducts) -~~
.'Jl"o+4..........:1'"

+-------..,--,ff"'++r-- ~!l'll"l1iNI"£I~"~fi (Lacrimal sac)

!J1'1lVl1 (Iris) --+W~~ = - - - 'ililiull1Vl (Retina)
m:'iln9l1 (Cornea)
&tJiiilnVl1tJ'Il (Upper lid) ~~5:~~~~~~- tJT.:iif1~91' (Optic nerve)

U01V11 (Lens)

- - - +ItJiiil",l1Ih~ (Lower lid)

&il£lVl'''11 (Sclera) - - - " r l i ' ' i l
.. x .. ..

mI1IlL'Il£lfl~UmVl' ---+f.ll-~

(Ciliary muscle)

•

n1SU51UWEJ1U1a : S1IJ01EJU8\J1S1

9. S~UUSUA01u§amiilffl:} (The Special Senses)

e)'~iJ1~l'UI'l'Jl),Ji~flv:ibf1l3' 1~uri t1l1-1~\i1'IJ 'I;1-1~!i'IJ b~~NI ~~fl-1~fl~'IJ ~'IJ-i'~~~h~., nl'ln~1tl'Vl~m~fl),J b~tJ1tl n'l'l1tVi

bn~bti'IJI'l'IJv:ifl1":i'Vl1~ml),Ji~flv:ibf1l3' b"li'IJ t1l1Ufl~ 'Vl'Vl'IJ'Jfl i~i
~~
~1 (Eye) ":itl'm~fl~),J ~~fltJ't'IJbUIt1l1'11fl~fl~l'Vl~flfhl3'~ iitl":i~~I'V1~lbb~~'Vl~fl~b~fl~~IM),Jfl~),Jlb'lhlil~'Vl~~ (Optic
~~

Nerve & B1.Vv) ~dl~'l!iiifl t1l1~1 t1l1'11l'J 3.il'IJt1l1 ~fl),JJlt1l1 'Vlfll'UJlt1l1~~1tJ1'IJ~~fl b~'lJli1un'Jt1l1 m~~flt1l1 fl~l),Jbdfl~~
b~'lJii1 thiiflflt'IJ~fl(9n (Vitreous) ~fll'UJl1'r1 (Retina) iifl~l),Jbilfl~flt1l1dl'Vll'Ufl~flflt1l1fl~6 ~~ nlfl~l),Jbilfl'Vli1~b~tJ1tl

'I'l1t~\n~t1l1b'Vl~ (Squint) (mtl~ 15) "lifl~'Vliil'J'IJ'lJflfl "lifl~'Vliil'J'lJfl~l~ bb~~"lifl~'Vliil'J'lJt'IJ bbn'J'Vl m~~fl'Vl iitl":i::~I'V1tb~~
,,~ 'U 'U 'U 'U 'U 'U
'Vl (Ear) tl":i~flflU~'JtJ tU'Vl
'U 'U

'Vl~fl~b~fl~ i~i

"lifl~'Vl6'l'J'IJ'lJflfl ~~I'l~1tl-nl~'VlUI bb~::I'l~ ~~ b'J~I~::tVf"lifl~'Vlt1l":i~~~~fl~~~tU'Vl;j'IJ-nI~U'IJ u~::1tl-nl~'Vl~~ "lifl~'Vl iil'J'lJdu
<U 'U 'U 'U "

~'JtJ b~fl~ii~fl),J~tf~ ~~-KU~'Vlflflfl),Jl tl~ltJ~~'11fl~"lifl~'Vl~lfl~I'IJ'lJflfl1tl~'IJ bbn'J'Vl~~I'l~ltJVlU~fl~f)~~tjj~~~f)V (EarDrum)
'U 'I 'U 'U 'U

"lifl..:!'Vliil'J'I..!fl~l..:! flVVl~":!bbn'JVl ii'Vl1~~f)nut'IJI'lf)'VI1~'Vlf) Eustacian Tube iim::~flVl 3 a'IJ iiif) m::~fl~f)'IJ
'U 'U 'U 'U 'U 'U

fl~::~fl~~ fl~:~fllfl~'IJ
~~

"lifl..:!'Vl6'l'J'IJ1'1..! m:~fllfl~'IJ~::~~~f)num::~mif)'IJ~tll'l~ltJVlf)tJ'Vl1fl (Cochlea) bb~~ii Semicircular Canal dl'Vll'ui
'U 'U 'lI 'U 'U

':hlohl3'::f)tJ't'IJ'Vl11Vl'IJ Vlfl'lJ::b),J'IJ ~~~fl1 t1l:bbl'l~'liltJ 'lJ'J1 (Equilibrium) iitl~~m'VIl'Ub~tJ~bb~~I'l'JI),J~i~mJ11tliil"~),Jf)~
~

(Auditory N.) (~~tl~ 16)

~),Jfl (Nose) ~lm~),Jflb-nl1tlii'lJ'IJ~),Jfl b~flU~),Jflt1l~~fl~l~tff~~),JfliibbllJ'l.Jfr'IJ~),Jfl~~~fl~"lif)":! (Septum) ~'JtJm::~mif)'IJ
"U '1.1 'II 'lI 'I 'U 'U 'lI 'U

bb~::b~f)),Jfl iill'IJ'Vl1~'1iI~tJfl~),JfliiVl~U 3 Vl~U b1tJfl',h Concha t1l~":!~~~),Jflilm::~fl~~~),Jfl{lfltl'JVlU~tJ~I'l~),Jf)V Jl1tJt'IJm~1~
'U 'lI 'U III 'lI 'U 'I 'lI

m::~fl~":!'Ol~fliit1l1'lhtJ'11f)~'VlIllf)~b~f)~Nf)tJf)~ b~mbt1lflf)f)flb~f)~1'Vl1llf)f)fl'Vl1~'Ol~fl b1tJfl';h b~f)~rilb~1 (Epistaxis) tl1ll1tJ

tl~::~I'V1l'Ufl~'lJf)~-nl~U'IJ~~1~!lI'IJfl::1Vl~fl (Olfactory N.) (~~tl~ 17)
~'I..! (Tongue) ~'lJdj'IJfl~l),Jbdflbti'IJbbllJ'I..! tlfll'l61),J~'Jm~f)~fl~..:!iitl~ltJtl~::~I'V1l'Ud~~IM),Jf)":! (Taste Buds) 11'l'IJ~'IJ~~

f)vnu'lJlm~1m~l..:! ~'lJl'Ud~ btl~m b~),J Vl'Jl'IJ 'lJ),J b~~ ifl'IJ ~'J),J~~~),Jt:r~ bblll::I'l'Jl),Jif)'lJb~'IJ (~~tl~ 18)
'lI . 'lI'U

Semicircular canal-r=":Ht---" r - - - - ,j1l~\,!a1,"1," (Inner ear)

ttl\'! (Pinna)

,j1l~'I'Ia"l,"ml1~ (Middle ear)
.. • ~• .;. T
"~iln'lt~n'llil," mi=~nVl~ m=~n Ininl !l1l!lI!laV (Cochlea)

rlr-+f4~~~~""--lln"l\,! (Ear drum)

,jil~~Il\,!a"l,"na14ntlt,"!l1l
(Eustacean tube)

Semicircular canal --1._-Jo

!l1l!llftaV (Cochlea)

~~ljJ!fVRJ1uau~~~~~11~n1lj

.slh~ 16

I!l

•

fl1SUSIUUlfJ1U1a : ~h\Jn18lJamS1

n7:~ni~lllJn . . . . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - r mnT.:l'1'1an

(Olfactory nerve) ~~*------:;A":S'O;:~---- tJa111tJT.:"1Y1i'1Jnii'U
"1,j1lJ'1'1ailIilLiiillil~illl
(Capillaries plexus) (Olfactory nerve)

L'I'l"1'UU;;\I _ _:.:::j._ ~~---,~:"""---I--- L'I'lIil,'UDil'U (Soft palate)
(Hard palate)
-IP~,@;;J....--+---- i'U'rl (Uvula)
if'U (Tooth)
i'""'1I~~~--+--- n71l1f1il (Pharynx)
i'U (Tongue) ---:).....:~>,..,
+>=----'1---- i'UiJlil'l'llilillila~ (Epiglottis)

\~~~_-\_ _ _ n7~n.rn'l'liii'~ih'Uti'Uflil

(Cervical spine)
:el~T=~=-.......l't-- miil"LRlI~ (Larynx)

('lT'llirlilliala~Chea)---------~ :......,,~~.....lt<I:O<:::~--- '1'1li1ilflil1'l'l1"i
(Esophagus)

n7::tlni~lllJn

(Nasal Bone)

mi'UIf'U,jil~lllJn

(Nasal Septum)

'I'I1tJhi.ln~ '""1Jrn::nGl'Uel1~1"3
~uiJ~'I'Iail~.uuiJ~
'1'11"L9iua31'l'l1£11'ilLiJ~ 'fl1"L9iua3-l'l'l1£11'iliJ~

§un 17 l~£I~uiJ~'I'Iail~a3-1

vyn lIa:m\Jl~UVl1BTv

§un 18
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- T~lIJ\Jlaa\)msvnaT\)
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llao~~a\)U1U1U~aEl~au

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h1~\tl~ (~llvl 7-12) (~tl~ib'VlFlilFlm"ae)11l1n)
~Lifi 7 Tffij~Vi~uL.lOe:llla:(:bjj{ujr'iU
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tVftlfltlttlvhfi1Jiilfl~.n~ (Safety or Recovery Position) 1~~tVftlfltlI'1';h 1?I::bbl'l{JVlu111J-n1..:!t~-n1{JVlii{J (Coma Posi-
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tVfVl1~t'Ol1~ bbiil::ilfl..:!ri'uma€l'1&rmJ1iil1~ enb~~tI VI~m~fl1?l .,iil'1 (~1Jfi 13-14)

§un 13 ri1UElUA:hl1l:11AUVlU1 (COMA or Semi-prone Position)

§l.In 14 UElUI1l:11AU (LATERAL Safety Position)

.5. N"tI1~b~Ul'lm1~'OI::iienma'1ifll'l (Shock) l~hJ1flnufl~ l'lfl{J~t1ilfl{Jri'Ubbiil::bbru'lJ

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(bb'll{Jri't11'l11lJ bUUI'l11lJ1111l:J) n1atl1~ b~t1fil'lfl{J~t1'll1~ bVI~flriflU~U 1~bbri

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RESPIRATORY & CIRCULATORY SYSTEMS

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2. 1l1'lVl1!.11'OlVl~~ B = (BREATIITNG)

3. Vl1hVl!.,l~b~'W C = (CIRCULATION)

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n1saaUIllU~af1 (Unconsciousness)

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- 1€l~tllbtJ'lJfll3- ('!J1~'I'l::i'il3-) (Toxemia & Septicemia)

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•

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- LlJ1LVI~1
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- L~lJ1~ViIn1lJg;jlJfl~u.lnn (Apoplexy)
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m'J::lii'u~lJLVI~'J (Hepatic Coma)

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1. Vlil~iil~hL~::liVl~h~~"lJ1'J (White Unconsciousness) l~LLri 'rldnv\lim"a'15flfll LiilJ~lJVlU1ii~ Lt!ifl~(9ln1lJ .,~., ~'I'l'Ol"a

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n11tln~

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+ - - - -......"""I'"""'ek---- Longitudinal
fissure

Frontal lobe --...f-........- J,..:iI-.;l,...----- 1. Olfactory bulb
and tract
Hypothalamus
Hypophysis 2. Optic nerve
3. Oculomotor
Pons 4. Trochlear
Medulla 5. Trigeminal motor

Occipital lobe trigeminal sensory
6. Abducent
7. Facial

8. Acoustic
9. Glossopharyngeal
10. Vegus
11. Spinal accessory
12. Hypoglossal

Spinal cord

•

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BLEEDINGS OR HAEMORHAGES

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'llfl"lfil1Jfl"l'Ol::Vl~l9lvi1"l1'U rl'U\JI1V

- V(11~ ~1Vliilfll9lbt!ifll9l~:U '111I9leJafl~b'Ol'U fl~11Jbtla~11'OlnI9l1v ~11'OlVl~l9lb~'U fil1Jfl"l'll1I9lbt!ifll9l rl'Ut9I1V

- bt!ial9laflfl'Ol1flVliilal9l b~eJl9l UI9l"lVlUfl'll119l'Ol::litll Ul9lo(! fill9lrj"lflflfl bU'U'~::V::"l 1~-or~Vl1::n:Ufll'n~'U'llfl"lV(11~ ~1Vl6lfll9l bt!ifll9l
bbl9lo(!lVl~'ll119l e:n'OlbtllHlji1t911~1l1vl'U 5 'U1Vi ~1~11Jbt!iflI9l13.i'l1'U

- bt!ifll9laflfl'Ol1flVl61fll9l b~fll9l~1V1'll119l'Ol::li~ bbI9lO(!rl~11Vliilflflfl1J1 b~flV"ll3.irjo(! bU'U-orO(!Vl1:;; 'Uflfl'Ol1flVl6'lfll9l b~al9l~1:U~ b1rurlfl'll119l
e:n~rJo,(! bU'U";i:;;V:;;1~-or"lVl1::n:umdVl1vh

- bt!ial9leJeJfl'Ol1flVl6'lfll9lbt!ifll9l~avUfl'll119l~1bU'U1J1l9luN61tJl9ln~::lim";im1Jbbiil:;;bqjV1rl~1V1bivfl11~eJb~fll9loHO(!'Ol:;;f>iflV"l bil~v'U
~1fl~ti1b~'Ubu'UbqjV11:ul~ ti11f116'l bVlt!ifl"l U~1'Ol1"l~'UVl1vlilVl1J19l1l1vl'U 7-15 1'U ~1bU'U1J1I9lUN61btJl9l 'Ol:;;iibt!ifll9l

lVl61tjj~flafl1J1 VI b~Vfl11 bt!ial9laafl~:U"l

01SmOlaal1l

bb1.i"laflfll~bu'U 2 ']jill9l fifl m";it91mt!iaI9l1l1v'Uafl U6l:;;fl1";it91mt!iflI9l1l1vl'UVl;m~fll9llflfll'U

a1Il1S(J80Il1Sl1lmaa~ (El1Il1SI~EI:)I"lU !JaR)

1. N1VluO(!~11il~l9liil>3'Y,1nVi ~"lbfl!9l1~VlVlU1 ~1Ji:lil1fl i'U bilt!iafl!9l1~1'Ul'U b~:U e:hila

ht'U2. b1V'Uill1:l3-:;; VlU1ill9ll9l1ii11V Vl11'Ufl'U Vltfl m:;;Vl1ml11J1fl
'II

3. iibVl~flflan~1~1 t911~~1b~'U'111'U il6l1vliflil6'l1m1h~l9lb~'U

4. ~1hb~'Ub~1.1ff'U ~'V'l'Ol";ib~'Ub~1.1ff'U bbl1ib1J16'l"lfl111.lfl~

5. Vl1Vhb~1 bb6'l:;;~'U"l rl~1VVlfl:U

6. fil6'l:UVl1Jl9lfil~ bb~1nt9l1V

Il1SU2Ul!lfJ1U1aIl1S!71maa~rnfJUafl (Arrests of Haemorrhage)

1. fl {?lVl~eJii:u (Direct Pressure) fl1";iflI9lVl~fl1i:Uiil"l:U'U~1 UVluo(!Vlli b~fll9lflflfl1~bbu'U~1vilflVl~fl~1fi1:;;fl1I9lVl'V'lflVl11~

~

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fl.

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fl1'OlH~1~'UIM.J~~'U'VnJ1~bb'lJ'U"l HVI~nn1"H'li'Ub~mntJm~1~b~J11V1~flfln'Ol1ml1tJtJ1-:J (1l.n"1ltJ~flfln) m~'Vhl~tJ

.m~Htidi]fl i]fl Vlifl~1~~fl1~ ~tJVltJn~~-:J1tJtJ'UbbN~ bb~d1"li'~1~'U1~bb'll'U'Ol'Ub~flWlVltJ~1V1~ bb~dtJ16i-:Jbb'ViVl~ 51
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1'U~~Vl11-:JVI1-:JiJ-:Jii b~fl~flflmJ1n~'U 1~"li'~1~'Ufi'tJ1~bb'll'Ul.nn~'U€in mh bbnbfl1~1~'Ub~l.Jflfln 115t1'bn'Um~~1l.J

.b~fl~l~tJ~d1tJvn~N~~~~•~ bb~'UVl1-:Jm~bb'ViVl~ b'li'U m~N1I1lWln~fl-:JH115tn'U~~tJ~bb~n m~'Vi1 b'li'UtlbrlHUtJtJ ~1tJ

VI ~fl~ b~fl~~Un'ln~1~b'li1l.J1V11n'U flWl"~VI~fl~ b~fl~11.n~b~fl~1V1~flflnl.J1 b~fl~"lIfl-:Jrl'UtJn~ ulflflflnl.J1'UflnVl ~fl~ b~fl~
b~fl~'Ol~bb~-:JlIld1l1tJ1'U 3-5 'U1Vi il~tf'U51V1~fl~b~fl~b~nUn"ll1~ bwtJ-:Jm~utJn~1~bb'll'U~n 5-10 'U1Vi b~fl~n'Ol~VI~~
(~~tJ~ 24) fl1'OlHm1l.Jb~'U"lIfl-:JJ1bb-n-:Jm~

.2. fl1~tJn1~!i"I-:Jn11~::lIltJi11~ (Elevation) l'U1..I1-:Jmru~ilmil'U ii1..l1W1 bbN~~ bb"ll'tJVlifl"ll1hil.J1nUn ii b~fl~flf)n bbl9lVl1
~1~~fl1W11a.i1~fi''U Vlifli]fl1a.i!il~fl1W1 nfl1'Ol1"li'1fltJn6id'tJ~ii b~flWlflflmr'tJ1~~-:J~'tJn";hid1'"1 bti'tJm~-tdrl~1d bb~d1tJ'vn
~1~~fl1W1l.J1'Vi1~1l.J1fl~ 1 I9lfl1tJ

3. nWl~~ (Pressure Points) 1'Umru~mil'U~ii1..l1~bbN~1V1qi b~fl~flflnmfl bb~~1a.iii~1!i1~fl1~ Vlifl~tlmru~"li'n~

1..11~ bbN~1a.i~~fl1~ nfl1'Ol1"li'115fl~tJ'tJVI~fl~1~~~ bb~-:J1V1qiVi1tl~1..I1~ bbN~,r'U1~bb'VltJ~~m~~fll91~-:JtJ~bdru~VI~fl~ b~fl~

bb~-:J~'UmfltJb~tjd'VIU-:J ~-:J'"1~Hrl~1~'Vi'"1~1~ iimj~n~~ 11 ~~"lIfl-:J-:i1-:JmtJ b'li'tJ 1..I1~bbN6'I~bb"ll'tJ~fl'tJ1MflAfln~~fl
'IJ 'it 'I 'U

m~'"1fl1..l1~ fl1'"1n~ 6'I-:J1tltJ'U'VI~fl~l~Vi~~~-:J'lifl~tJAflfl ~1'tJ1'tJ'Ol'tJ'VI6'lfl~ bb'VltJ 'VIifl1..l1~ bbN~1V1qi~tidiifl nfl1'"1UtJ

Vl6'lfl~16'1~~~'li1-:Jlrl'tJifT«-:J~fl-:J1~bb'W'U bb~d~-:J1~'VI1~1~~fll~l.J1tl~bbN6'lbb6'l~~'U1~bb'W'tJtJl6i-:Jbb'ViVl~l9lfl1tl (~dtl~ 25)
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4. rn~oiJ'tJ"1l::b'tJ1~ (Tourniquet) 1'Umru~ii1..l1~bbN6'lntJbb"ll'U "lI1 b~fl~flflnl.J1n'"11mbN6'lbVldfl::Vl1:: 'VI~fliim~~nin
-:idl.!1?11tJ Vlifl bb"ll'U"lIl"l11~~fltJ-:ifl-:J bb-:i-:J 1a.i~11.nd~1"li'115fl~~'U1~bb'W'tJ1~ b'Vi~1~'"1~tld~ b~tJl.Jlfl~'U'"1'tJm'"1~flfl1~" ~fl-:J

1'K115oiJ'tJ"1l~ b'U1::'VIifl1"li'brl~fl-:JoiJ'tJ"1l:b'U1~ l~tJ1~!i1l bbVl'W-:J~'Ol~oiJ'tJ'1l~ b'tJl: mj~~-:J~iim:~mifl'tJ b~tJd~fl b'VIUfl'liflAflfl

.6l'1V11tJ bb"ll'tJ bb~~ bVlUflid b'lh6l'1'V11tJ"lIl 6id'tJfltJmru~'li1'tJrndoiJ'U"1l~ b'tJIlI~fl1'"11"li'~1~1"l.J bVl~tJl.J" ~l b~~VlUl~tJVltJ

Vlifl6l1tJtJ1-:J ~1~'UbbN6'I .,~., ~ll.JH6'ld~ b~flfl ~ltJ1'Vl~1 b'Vi~1:'Ol~1..I1~e:idVlU-:J'Ol'tJ"lIl~bti'UbbN~1~b~fli'Ubb1.J'tJl.Jln~'U

(mhtJl1151~bVlumbN~~1l.JVl~b'li1id1'Oll.Jl1'li~11Jb~fl~ '"1~1a.i1~N~) (~~tl~ 26)
II 1111

5. il1V1Sle.J~bi'ie.J~(}.je.JtJQfl"ll1~ b'li'tJ ~m~fl~ rl~~'lh'tJ .J1ml.J 1~"li'rld1l.Jb~'U-or~lbb'li'VIifltld~rltJ'tJ1'U"l ~1l.J'tJd~rl~-:J

.58f11SiJU!j~IU1: (Tourniquet) biJtJ1fjMlff1t1'lJf)..:jfl1d~1~ b~f)Vl b~f)1a.im~1dnH1Bv1mh'd~1 bb~'d1f?i
~tJVltJ~1!i11l.JbVl~tJl.J'Ol'tJbti'UN'tJb~ntJ1drl~ltJ~1~'tJbbN~"1lU~,yd'U Vlie.Jbb"ll'tJb~flbb"ll'UtJ1dVl~fl"lllm-:Jbfl-:J"lI1tJ1dm~ bb~dtJl

1tl~'UdfltJ bb'lJ'tJ'VI~e.J"lIl~~fNmdbVlufl'liflAflnVli€l bVlUfl b'lh ~'UVI'd-:J~fltJ bb~dNfltll.J tJl1,yb'VIUtJd bb6'l: bb-n-:J'Vifl'Ub~ntld~mru 6-8 ifd
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.(Vlifl~-:Jrl~ltJrl~-:J)
l.Jldl-:J1~6id'tJtl6'l1tJ'li1-:J'VId-:JmJt"J'tJtll.J Nfltll.J~l~~tJ 6'lltJ1,ytn~ bb'W'tJ bb~d bil.J'VIl.J'Utl6'l1tJ1,y€ifl~1'tJVld-:J1tl
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~1l.J b~l.J'tJ1Wm 1~~1~'W1~ bb'W'tJ~'tJVlflVi'Ol'tJ b~fl~VltJ ~ ~-:J Nntl 6'11!:J1,yill1l.l.Jb~Vll.J'Wn ~tJ ~'tJl.Jl Vll ~1 ~~fll~tl~rl6'll.J~'tJ1..I1~ bbN 6'1
q 'I 'U 'I 'I

tJ16i-:Jbb'ViVl~ mh~mltJ-:J1'U1~bb'ViVl~Vld1tJ";hb~11~'Vhm~i'W"1l~b'U1:11I?1d!:J

Il1SU2IJWS1U18mSfimae£'lfnslu 18Elfifiniu

md~fl b~€l~1l1tJ1'tJ vmtJ1~'"11flfl1m~"lI€l-:Jmd~fl b~fl~ 1a.i~1l.J1dbll.Jfl-:J b~'W11?1I?1d!:J~1 tY'tJ~flmmd"li'€lrltY'Wbfl-:J bb6'l~'Ol~ii

fl1m~~'tJ bb~-:J~'tJVlflVi1'tJd~Vl11-:JtJ16i-:J b'Vi~l~b~fl~iJ-:Jflflfl€l~ b~€ltJ'1 'Ol~~€l-:JitJtJ16i-:J bb'ViVl~Vlifl1d-:J'Vi!:Jl1..116'11~m11 brlflNll1l~
q 'I 'U I

6'I-:J1tJ'l'ilm~ill.J b~€l~ bb6'l~thtJ b~fl~VI~ bbVI'U1~fi''tJmd1'W~~Vl11-:JVI1-:Jm~fl1~tl:il.J'VitJl1..116'11tl~dtJ fi€l

1. iJ€l-:Jn'tJbb6'l~bbnfl1fl1d"li'flrl 1~tJ"lItJ1mrl~€l-:Jbbl9l-:Jfl1tJl~'VI6'ldl.J 1~mll.JfltJ~'W 1~mil'Vil::tJ~nrutl6'l1!:Jiifltl6'l1mvh
1~'Wfl'Wd1tJ ill'V1lJ~ ~~1~'tJ€l'Urli1V1ifl'Wfl'tJ~: bbrl-:JlIld

2. tJ6'lfltJ1'"1~ibtJ fl~11~~'tJb~'tJ~n1'"1 'Vi11~~-:JtJ
3. €l~11~€l:hVl1-:Jtl1fl illiifl'Wm1m~mntJ'li€l-:JVf€l-:J bb6'l:ill'Ol~~fl-:JN111l~1V1qi
4. 51V1~~Vl1tJ1'Ol 1tJ'Vilfl1~NltJtl€l~ i11'"1V1~~n'lidtJ'tJd~id1'"1~dtJ

. .5. fl~11~tJ1111d-:JVI~flm~~'Wi11'"1 b'Vidl:'"1~'Vil1~id1'"1 b~'tJbb'N b~€l~flflflmn~'tJ

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msVi1Ulaa~ n. (Direct Pressure)

1. - annS:fl1l:1Via \lUl:l1EJlllJaamJamll1uJulIlUaAaaan
- aEhT~uJ1naanuJu~fll:)rluuJ1uJUlJnjja c.l':lutlaIJS1IJmfJV1SaUlnaIJlDu

Fl
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iu

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msnfl du uJUrlUUlSlJlIlUanlaaflaan (DIRECT PRESSURE)

,vb sun 24
u

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msuguw81U1C:l : mSflmaafl

mSVl1lJiaafi 1:1.

lunsruQnl5unVl1ilha:a1f11u1~ ltiinflVlaafiraYiV!IIf1\)ltiillulu~flns:fln
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~~riA:Jsn~VlaEl~raViflll~\JVi1UraViflnsrUqnIQU

§ufi 25

Il1SUUIj:IU1: (Tourniquet) A.

IIcl:JllJntOElU 1 UU 2. Tl3"luIVlUEl:J1 :n\JuUUUlOElU
IIcl:JllJnantOElUVlU\J

3. Vl4uruIUU:J\JnauTVilluu (mSUUIj:IU1:MI~tiUlltlUVlSEl(J1lri1du)

UU\)UlliEl~Vlfj~ .sufi 26

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