ตะลุยโจทย์ Basic Grammar (1)

20. Yesterday we went to an intenesting museum that we before.

a. didn't visil b. weren"t visiling

c. hadn"t visited d. wouldn'l v-isil

21. By the time we arrived, she _ for us at the train slalion for three hours.
a. waited
b. was waiting

c. will wait d. had been waiting

22. Christopher Columbus America in 1492.
a. discovered
c. had discovered b. was discovering
d. had been discovering

23. .lames was in Japan last month. He .Japan before.

a. never visiled b. has never visited

c. will never visit - d. had never visited

24. He _ five lelters to the manager by the time he finally received an answer

a. wrole b. was wriling

c. had wrillen d. would write

25. She _ lhe living room when she heard a slrange noise in the kitchen.

a. cleaned b. was cleaning

c. had cleaned d. had been cleaning

26. I them lo dinner sevenal tirnes before they accepted.

a. asked b. was asking

-c. had asked d. would ask

27. The leachers all the doors before they left.

a. locked b. are locking

c. had loc-ked d. were locking

28. They lo visit us many times when we lived in the same town'

a. come b. came
c. -will come d. have come

29. I swimming every day during the last long holiday.

a. go b. went

-c. was going d. had gone

30. The lady lerribly lll last year but she made a complete recovery
a. is
b. has been

c. was d. would be

fnrqaTcrei BAstc cRAMMAR

Future Tenses &

rTfitn1?6tl LUaUrnn

Future Tenses rarrerfis aillasFirnigrfi udosnaruaca-nuilsr as

um4n, aofdufi on-1fi uauron uriu'lfi,ilu 4 ilazrnneias 16'ud S i m p I e,

Continuous, Perfecl, Perfect Continuous fifte%nrafinuluac

q o oir a-n u rxc n ratff I a s ugi a c ila c m fl fi un n gi r s ri'u a a n'hl

Future Stmple rirjr1) tf,n"r nr 4 nreofyi a nmnes {'r iis sufi ofl*u'lr+ a il'r Fr Fr uhfi so o n,
(wtll/shall+ tnf.)
tomorrow, later, next week/month/year, this evening,
ntttflgrJ
be golng to + lnf. in five minutes, the day after tomorrow
n,ralt wtll uac shall
They will visit their grandfather lhis afternoon.

Please wait here. She will return in ten minutes.
He will have his hair cut this evening.
2)lf, n"rur4nmoirSanranasilfr b{'[fi r'rsupJ%ilrriailudse;er"ofl l+lq

na:riTTurnuiilo

I am tired. I think I will go to bed early tonight.
I oromise I will take oood care of vour car.
I will call vou in a few minutes then.

uardrarTentf, ls/am/are golng to + lnf. uyrr+ will n"rnr4nTanf

fi f ) scm^of3l Oil J- 1?Ie[x' ax€$$'r fi Lo ts2']ac
0n't?n?u?11fl lil4t.[1FtFl?t3tIIPJl{fl tail1+

r^fi8nffu (fineTuur+uoun'ir will) uriu

He is going to do his homework this evening.

My father is gqingLla_buy a new car next year.

I am ooino to meet mv friends tonioht.
II

n ITns fi a"nufia firq cudn s au1 pr uerfi fl uIf, w i I n"r rles orr+ iln Ft-r

usia're{ranlfl I / We + shall uru will "l6'(unaoiiirflunreufl"auflrg

ra#as taaqrgrn r6anrnaarurfir+ udilecalu6%1 + will niu

Shall we leave now?
-

Shall I ooen the window for vou?

WilLyou please be quiet?
Will vou aUoree with me?

E oa. {na-oan[ rlnuofrg

Fulure Contlnuous 1) tf,n-u nr qnrenir6a nranesf r fi rira-sq v rirrfi u a qj rx q oln q n tt n*s
(wlll be + V.lng)
rasnar o[uaulFrFl A an- {2-ilttastxa1fl; fl"lTHa \e[x[a, '] qstfcl l{tfi q cU
Future Perfecl
(wlll have + V.3) LsJ n1?r*%}t

Future Perfecl 6i'lt1{1+ag $lna{Fi'tll'{il4fl t?41f-l, {vo[s%??iloelot1x,El

Contlnuous We will be having a partyioror.ro* night.
(wlll have been
At 9 o'clock tomorrow, I will be traveling to Japan.
+ V.tng)
At this time on Friday .lames will be having lunch
i.., TIP
with Alex.
...i...
) oitf2 tff nh nr q n m Fa n mn a v ri'r d n r n'i rs a rfi o t*utu a % r n usil$i Fi a fl

Aul

tt%[a%fl?1q3tflo

A storm will be coming soon.

Will he be having time to do homework?

Will the students be doing their project?

ile[e{on-rrrnnrerxfiaan']?n?cfl1Y" trJi.1asoqEm-nflg uacQUa{n0r.[ant?lqnm6[

fir+s[uaurnn u"nfiritir before, after, when, by..., by the time,

as soon as, once, until tos6nufiqnrenir6anrenes{'lfiufiqn1eJil1

finzi'sIff Present Simple
We will have received your letter by tomorrow.

I will have finished the work before the deadline.

When he gets there, the film will have started.

'lflunaaun"r Future Perfect J^ g ;
uciu#udrsuaar Yltflnflil0e|1{mat1{0{

I will have been worklng here for twenty years

next Friday.
John will have been studying for months by the

time he takes his exam.
These kids will have been watching TV for five

hours by 3 p.m.

rfierion = Future Perfect t6a Future Perfect Continuous

iun-nfira:r = Present Simple

rwqalovrd BASIC GRAMMAR 55

Complete the sentences uslng 'wlll' and the correct verb ln the box.

do phone visit oPen have bring

1. A: What would you like to eat?

B. I a sandwich with cheese, please.

2. A: I'm very tired. I had a really busy day today and look at the kitchen.

B: Don"t worry. I the washing up for you, mum

3. A: Oh, someone is ringing the bell. Are you wailing for someone?

B: Yes, I think Sandra is coming. I the door

4. A: Why are you asking people to donate old clothes?

B: Well, I lhe flood victims soon.

5. A: Would you like lo come to my house for dinner and talk aboul this?

B: Good idea. I some wine.

6. A: Look! There"s smoke coming out of the photocopier.

B: You turn it off and I the safety officer

Exercise 2

Complete the texl ustng 'wlll- or'won't' and the verb ln parentheses.

What (be) schools like in the future? Thomas, who is

14 years old and lives in London, thinks they (be) probably
very differ^ent from schools today. -Children (go)
lo school only one day a

week, on Mondays. They (work) with compulers al school, but lhey (have)

any homework. The teachers (be) robots. I think the schools

(be) belter places than now, but the food (be) very good."

Exercise 3

Choose the correcl form.

1. A: *Do you want me to help you?"
B: "No, thanks. John (will help / is going to help) me..

2. A: *Would you prefer tea or coffee?-
B: -l (will have / am going to have) some coffee, please..

56 ae. {nfoarf Unraeru

3. A: -Why are you wearing your besl suit?"
B: "l (will have / am going lo have) lunch with my biggest customer."

4. A: 'l need to speak to you today."
B: 'l"m going out now bul I (will be / am going to be) back later."

5. A: "Whal are your plans for the holidays?"
B: -l (will visit / am going lo visit) my parents for a few days and then go shopping

in New York."

Exercise 4

Choose the correct answer,

1. I promise I you as soon as I have any news.

a. call b. will call

c. calli-ng d. will be calling

2. This time tomorrow Tom over the Atlantic on his way to Boston.

a. fly b. will flY

c. flies - d. will be flYing

3. Those bags look heavy. I one of them for you.

a. carry b. have carried

c. will carry - d' will have carried

4. The sky is a bit cloudy. do you think?

a. Does il rain b. Did il rain

c. Will it rain d. Would it rain

5. 'Alice wants to speak with you." "Please tell her lhat I her as soon as I'm free."

a. call b. will call -
c. called d. would call

6. By rhe time you relurn, your friend for California.
a. leave
b. left
c. will leave d. will have left

7. We for you when the lrain arrives.

a. will wait b. will have wailed

c-. will be wailing d. will be waited

8. *Let's meel at eleven o"clock lomorrow.' *Sorry, I al eleven o"clock."

a. work b. am working

c. will work d. will be w- orking

wqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 57

9. *l"m very thirsly." "l _ you something to drink. Coke or tea?"
a. get
c. will get b. have got
d. will have got

10. The concert _ at exactly 10 o'clock.
a. slarl
c. will start b. starts
d. will have started

11. Please wait here. My boss in ten minutes.
a. relurns
b. has relurned
c. returned d. will return

12. See you at the station! I _ a red jacket.
a. wear
c. will be wearing b. will wear
d. will be worn

13. Why don't you ask Jim for help? I'm sure that he _ you.

a. helps b. is helping

c. will help d. will have helped

14. Hopefully lomorrow, we _ on the beach all day.
a. lie
c. will lie b. will be lying
d. will have lain

15. We cerlainly _ all the work by this lime tomorrow.

a. won't finish b. won'l be finished

c. won'l be finishing d. won't have finished

16. Please don"t ring the doorbell when you get here. My baby _.
a. sleeps b. will sleep

c. will be sleeping d. will have slept

17. Don't worry. I _ without you.
a. leave
c. will leave b. don't leave
d. won't leave

18. You can visit me tomorrow. I _ anylhing important.
a. am doing
c. will do b. will be doing
d. won't be doing

19. I think he _ this work more interesting when he grows up.
a. finds
c. will find b. found
d. would find

5B o?. FIn2m?{ flnrasnt

20. 'l Can't go out because I haven't got any money." 'Don"t worny. I you some."

a. lend b' will lend -
c. lenl d. will have lenl

21. At 7 o'clock, we for lheir plane to arrive.

a. wail b. will be waited

c. will be wa-iting d. will have wailed

22. By the end of the week, this boy all his money.

a. will spend b' is sPending

c. has spent d' will have sPent

23. I you an email as soon as I reach my hotel.

a. send b. will send

-c. sent d. will be sending

24. This time next monlh I the holidays.

a. will enjoy b. have enjoYed
c. will be enioyin-g d. am enioying

25. Sorry, but I can'l come al 5. I football with my friends'

a. play b. have PlaYed
d. will be PlaYing
c. am playing -

26. By this time nexl year, .John ten thousand dollars'
a. will save
c. will have saved b. will be saved
d. will be saving

27. Don"t call me between 8 a.m. and 12 P.m. I

a. work b. am working

c. have worked d.-.will be working

28. I lhink our son rich and famous one day.
a. is
b. was

c. will be d. will have been

29. I you as soon as I finish this project.

a. help b. will be helPed

-c. will help d. will be helPing

30. By 12 o'clock, we PlaYing lennis.
a. will finish
b. will be finishing

c. will be finished d. will have finished

nrqatenei BASIC GRAMMAR 59

Possive Voice ilesort+0nn?zrilt
cI

,..r.r!rE!E*r.r r.r$ 5V"..oirc. e{

l,,,:,Cr:iO:.iN-rlC:-1Epf,.iii',ii 6a i61n tr+nrura-snqtuilsaanrfiu 216 6a Active Voice (rta;o,ru

). i .. . ,i: -.,.r;, ..,1,1 ii Voice (rJezoT ulfluffnnna;rir) nifl1flnFirqyaeflil
2,rr,,r,,,,,,, ,,,,r ,','.,ii:ii'i::,i
Ii ufluflnezriT uas Passive ociTsfi"rdaJa n-suunffu6gupraafrnula-nt6[;nralf,uaa
i: voice adrslaadrsfius1u i

",r ,.,',':i', ,,.'. ,:r .'..i, .r,i',.i n?,ra{umnci,rsrasugiagi6 uaa#sng'j,rufrra1estff tense drurutvsg"r+ 12 tenses

, .,i'. '. .,.,i,. i ! d'nre"tr.lasTaouuu Active Voice usire'r"hifipiu'lflriesTgouru Passive Voice

t

;;ir, 'ii ' i; ,, ,,i i n"t Perfect Continuous Tenses luiifi"dlaamflrfiflrud 9 tenses #trvr.l
* * o; i,! ";r3 ' ' -

ilfiunrras 1) Acflve volce 6a ilaclaniirlaso'rulflufrnes{rnfs1 rirnisrf,(f,qsfiahunrz

ueiTgn rflu transitive verb (nfarfrfineeuureosah) r6a intransitive verb

(/ n?afl ']f4l letJ-iln?aruruteasau=r\) dl [o, uI

n stiaplrsrdl.l

My sister laughed happily. (= intransitive verb)

My sister is reading a book. (= transitive verb)

2) Passlve volce aa riasTsniirlesarulfl %finnnes{rnffl r rirniaril(ffecfras

fi a"nunrarfl u t ransit i ve verb (niarfr fi neeuuraasa=r) wi,ruvu uavilacTa a

Passive fiTnesai,xiifrr5silfioseq{ir aa be + V.3 n-aacirsniu

A letler was written by ,y daughter.

He will be punished by the teacher. ..".
.
ntarlds$ ffi;;;ffi ail ;;,;T#' X;il ; v"';; t{i,tfi .o ;; ffi#'# ;"#i#n.
Actlve rfin i;;
n'redtildtgo . Our teacher ls buylng these books.
Passlve
1) ri, narurasrlasTsn Act ei v rsuntfl urJa;arfi rasilaclfl o passi ve

These books...

2) rder verb to be {isoel'lu tense roerrosrragTfln Active uayndrilayalnras

Passive Lfl umnilqffifolrrflqf uda'lf,nier{fieaanfias (qnrersrrirri'or"lt)

These books are being...

3) ur.Idauniarudurasrleytspr Active tfrrflu V.3 d.nre?r passive

These books are being bought...

) udu by + frnavrir (dsuflura;o,tura{ Active) uddru.taoayaan'lfi

These books are being bought by our teacher.

(#sunn'jrniarturlesTsn Passive ficiruauurnnd,r1r+ilacTero Active nr+-sn-aduo
n'ra1s'lfirdu verb to be ufrr'lt)

q oa. 4nfoand rlnro6rg

d....rdi**rexrsi***rriitr.i'..urrrir{.*r'*xi!rr.&r.i.&dri.vi**rir''rrririirrrrrrrr

Passlve iPresent Stmple
(be + V.3)
; S. + V.1 S. + is/amlare + V.3

IF....W...e...te' ach Tom. Tom is taught (by us).

Present Contlnuous

S.+is/am/are+V.ing S. + is/amlare being + V.3

We are teachino Tom Tom is beino tauoht (bv us).

Present Perfect S. + has/have been + V.3
Tom has been taught (by us).
S.+has/h6ys+V.3

We have taught Tom.

Pasl Slmple S.+was/were+V.3
S. + V.2 Tom was tauoht (bv us).
We tauoht Tom.

Past Contlnuous S. + was/were being + V.3
Tom was beino tauoht (bv us).
S.+was/wsps+V.ing
We were leachino Tom.

Past Perfecl S. + had been + V.3
Tom had been-lousht (by us).
S.+had+V.3

We had taught Tom.

iFuture Slmple S. + will be + V.3
S.+will +inf. Tom will be taught (by us).

We will teach Tom

Future Contlnuous

S. + will be + V.ing S. + will be being + V.3

We ullbe-leoehtng Tom. Tom will be being taught (by us).

Future Perfect

S. + will have + V.3 S. + will have been + V.3

We will have taught Tom. Tom will have been taught (by us).

rardrermn#srnfinre'lfl Tense rasilaslfln Passive Tosq!'lfiqrn Verb to be

uaslifrasuos V.3 !ilraqjn"r4afira urir+

His homework has been done by Paul. (= Present Perfect)

""""".""11::"?:.*::9.y""":.:"'"::.9.v""-'r.1ir;"(;"3"?:1."s"':r"r"'"]"

n;qalond BASIC GRAMMAR 67

Change the actlve to the passlve form.

1. The children will do this activity.
2. The player thnew the ball.
3. These girls study this book.
4. The cook has prepared a good meal.
5. My wife washed the dishes.
6. The dog eats the bread.
7. The police will arrest the robbers.
B. My father built this house.
9. The managers made a decision.

10. He has wrilten four books.
11. My grandfather planted this tree.
12. Several people saw the accident.

Exercise 2

Change the passlve lo the actlve form.

1. This sweater will be worn by Peter.
2. The biology class is taught by Mr. Green.
3. The money was stolen by rhe thieves.
4. The work has been done by the children.
5. That film is going to be seen by Tom.
6. This picture was painted by my sister.
7. This program is watched by many people.
B. The letters will be sent by .lames.
9. The party was organized by Paul.

10. Paris is visited by millions of tourisls.
11. Our house was designed by an architect.
12. This photograph was taken by Steve.

62 o?. Fln?sflil{ ?{nra?fl

Exercise 3

Complete the text ustng the pasl slmple and the passlve form of the verb ln parentheses.

Two men (see) breaking into a house in my slreet lasl night. The

police (call) and they arnived very quickly. One man (catch)

immediately. The other escaped, but he (find) very soon. Both men (take)

to the police station where they (question) separately by a

police officer. The two men (charge) with burglary

Exercise 4

Choose the correct onswer. -

1. Those books by our students.
a. use
c. are used b. used
d. will use

2. This clever student a scholarship lasl year.
a. gives
b. gave
c. was giving d. was given

3. The injuned to the hospital by the firemen.

a. lake b. took

c. were taking d. were taken

4. That car by a professional driver.

a. drives b. is driving

c. is driven d. has driven

5. The roof of the building in a storm a few days ago.
a. damaged
c. was damaged b. damaging
d. was damaging

6. The buildings by the carpenters.

a. build b. have been built

c. were b-uilding d. have been building

7. Those delicious chocolate muffins by my grandmother.

a. make b. made

c. was made d' were made

8. I a wonderful Present for my birthday every year.
b. am giving
a. give

- c. will give d. am given

nuqnTorei BASIC GRAMMAR 63

9. You _ to the party. Why didn't you go?

a. are inviled b. are inviting

c. were inviled d. were inviting

10. These machines to mix the ingredients.
a. use
c. have used b. are used
d. are using

11. They to slay in lheir houses during the storm.

a. tell b. rold

c. -were told d. were telling

12. A lol of water _ during the race.

a. drinks b. is drinking
c. has drunk d. is drunk

13. The children _ to school on the bus.

a. take b. took

c. were taken d. were taking

14. That journalist _ by an imporlanl newspaper.
a. hires
c. was hiring b. hired
d. has been hired

15. The advertisement slates that no working experience

a. is required b. was required

c. has required d. has been required

16. My sister a strange email yesterday.

a. was sent b. sends

c. was sending d. will be senl

17. Many accidents _ by dangerous driving.
a. cause
c. are causing b. causing
d. are caused

18. The events by the university because no one showed any interesl

a. canceled b. canceling

c. were canceled d. were canceling

19. Every studenl a username and a password.

a. gives b. is giving

c. will be given d. will be giving

64 m. 4nf$Nr[ Tnreeru

20. The most expensive jacket by ,y besl friend.
a. was buying b. was bought
c. bry d. bought

21. All work by five o'clock this evening.

a. will complete b. will be completing

c. will have been completed d. will have been completing

22. In the United States, elections for President _ every four years.

a. are held b. were held

c. are holding d. were holding

23. The exam results by our English leacher.

a. announced b. will be announced

c. are announcing d. will be announcing

24. The window by a couple of boys who were playing foolball.
a. broke
c. break b. was broken
d. was breaking

25. Champagne on New Year"s Eve.
a. drinks
c. is drunk b. has dr^unk
d. is drinking

26. The boal by Tom after he won the lottery lasl week.

a. was bought b. boughl

c. was buying d. buying

27. The chlldren to stay inside the house all morning.

a. tell b. have told

c. are te-lling d. have been told

28. The dogs daily by the housekeeper while the owner was on vacation

a. were fed b. have fed

c. were feeding d. have feeding

29. All lhe books in that lisl _ by our students.
a. have read
c. have been read b. reading
d. were reading

30. The vegetables _ before eating.
a. wash
c. are washing b. have washed
d. have been washed

nsgErTsrd BASIC GRAMMAR 65

Conditionol Sentence rlesTnnfdault

.CONCEPT ! Cond i ti ona I Se ntence 6a rlectsn iiuaosrt au'lttrSonrqararionh tas?l

i : rLarTe,nrlasmfl fi?ruranur-isaon1finarsilasmfl r"sutar.ilrdrfl uqf sn64fi

en, uLflr.ilfrfiqgufinfr"il uavrtar+ltf,teilflueisnfa'leifinarurflu'lrt'lfiiiqsffiofr"il

ffuSar.lprrafinulorluunnsirsnosrtoulnociasilesmfl uasqooirTnerdfrsnra
ot"{-n?-s't[o1il{u[o

dr$ila:naures 2r.tavta n rt a ulllaer t4a'lrittesn a u fiea a q ile gTs n n6 a ilests aeiaet deu lfiuri
rteilgnda$'[r
1) If-Clause 6o drufr uanrrtauhrionr4 rfl r+riruiifr"ufr'ufiae6itjr *if-

2) Maln Clause 6a dmfrudnsara

If you try hard, you will succeed.
If-Clause = If you try hard

Main Clause = you will succeed

He would be in time if he hurried.

If-Clause = if he hurried

Main Clause = He would be in time
(drunn'j'rfi'rarsritdan if lTfr%rlesTfl n qzfr'asfi urr6a{fi ilrer com m a (,) n'u

usi fi'rars i f lSnarsilasTen "[ai fiosfi mdosner'r€r comm a)

danhfnd t ao f;iar.l'[tfr udosnarultrlqfrudua n6anerarlfl r'lrIfi'hfirfi nrnnranitrio

tfln"lrflAlnr]qtu-u nmnasli'"rfi u-t--s*r,n=o$-HndesfrddSnutrnnraoitr?a6nnmnasrimr+-tu.fi-i- nfr uq'tetil't
niFsonrnn
uaua toelfrt$ififfasnui% naenf,lfffif{rero 3 Tnardfts aa

If + S. + Present Stmple, S. + Future Slmple
If the weather is fine, we will go to the beach.
If he begins tomorrow, he will finish it on Friday.

If + S. + Present Slmple, S. + Present Stmple (= neruo6s#e1t)
If water boils, it changes into steam.
If people are sleepy, they go to bed.

If + S. + Present Slmple, Imperattve (V.0 (= rird'sn6anmtaffas)
If your father comes, tell him the truth.
If you leave, please turn off the television.

66 n?. finxGaril l^rflra?fu

2 u'lttlrilfion-)h,-!-Gr{ a $ [r ?lu6 a r er ar n rt n5 o n e s ff r n n"u pn, ru rfl u o islu fl s q u"$

ufln'lrt"bilfi Terasa#rsf(f, 6o
tnrlequ"H
If + S. + Past Slmple, S. + would + V.l
3
should
rfln}tllitfi
could
tne6n
mlght
drdfinrerufiflrs
If I had some money, I would lend you.
nre'enriT *r lf
If she were a bird, she would fly around the world
(drrn n iT luut au"[r riuii 2 rarq g'lf,n6s'] w e re n"r r.la; aruln n"a)

aa-)rid rs 01{ lfl ?rud a r nmutt ultl'hr'lfi tr6omas ffru n-t oeret tiluqisl$ a 6 H tfl unra

ftf,a u u fi d s dt+r'lfi rfi orssu o 6stu a 6 gr Tn a s df r r 6o

If + S. + Past Perfect, S. + would + have + V.3

should

could

mlght

If I had known the answer, I would have told you.
If you had gone to bed earlier, you would not have

slept in class.

uo norn n'r'jr fi ufie s-sfi Firua arui ou'ltd u16 n'lfiuri

un l ess (= if...not) fi pnru fl anerjr fir...'[ei, r+anuElerorn'j't

He might get lost unless he knows the way.

= He might get lost if he does not know the way

/provided providing (that) ''1
suppose / supposing (that) | f= O finrrunatrerjr fir
in case / on conditln tr,"t-,J

Providing he comes, what will you do?

= If he comes, what will you do?

iJ#-

*.-+to,\

) uv

nrqalovrf anslc GRAMMARE

Exercise I

Complete the senlences wlth the Ftrst Condltlonal. the problem.

1. If you are clever, you (solve)

2. What will you do if you (win) the lottery?

3. I will catch the train if it (arrive) on time.

4. If it is hot, I (open) the window. them
disappointed.
5. The boys will play football if the teacher (let)

6. If you don'l go to the party, they (be)

7. I will ring you up if I (have) time.

Exercise 2 me.
more.
Complete the sentences wtth the Second Condtflonal.
it to him
1. I would go to the parly if you (invite)
2. If you spoke good English, you (earn) healthier.
3. Your child would lose the money if you (give) smoking.
4. If my grandfather exercised, he (be)
5. You would feel better if you (stop) it to you.
6. If she found the key, she (give)
7. I would buy a new jacket if I (have) some money

Exercise 3 time

Complele the sentences wtth the Thtrd Gondtflonal. her some flowers.
the 9 o'clock train.
1. If you had come by car, you (save)
2. We would have stayed at home if it (rain) to lhe ainpont to meet you
3. If I had known she was ill, I (send) in the form.
4. We would have anrived earlier if we (catch)
5. If I had known you were coming, I (go) a policeman.
6. You would have been accepted if you (fill)
7. If our son had been taller, he (be)

f oe. 4nfoanf Unrs6q

Exercise 4

Choose the correct one.

1. (lf / Unless) he apologizes, I will never speak to him again.
2. (lf / Unless) you are nol on time, they will leave without you.
3. (lf / Unless) she does not tidy her room, her mother will be angry.
4. The children will go to the beach tomorrow (if / unless) it rains.
5. We will nol have anything to eat (if / unless) we do not go lo the supermarket.

Exercise 5

Choose lhe correct answer.

1. If the girl does not study hard, she lhe test.

a. does not pass b. will not Pass

c. would not pass - d. had nol Passed

2. If you more vegelables, your skin would look better.

a. eal b. ate

c. will eat d. had eaten

3. If she my advice, she would have arrived earlier.

a. follows b. followed

c. would follow d. had followed

4. He will never find a ;ob unless he looking for one now.
a. starts
b. does not starl

c. will start - d. will not slarl

5. If we had more pocket money, we to the cinema.

a. go b. will go

c. wenl - d. would go

6. You fat if you do not stoP eating so much.

a. get b. will get

c-. would gel d. would have gol

7. If I had checked the bill, I the mistake.

a. see b. will see

c. would see - d. would have seen

8. He such a good athlete if he didn"t train so hard.

a. isn'l b' won"t be

c-. wouldn't be d. hadn'l been

naqaTovrel BASIC GRAMMAR 69

9. Will you take me with you if you _ to the beach?
a. go
c. will be going b. will go
d. would go

10. If Susan to go to school, I will drive her there.

a. want b. wanls

c. will wanl d. would want

'11. If you slowly, she would have understood you.

a. speak b. spoke

c. would speak d. had spoken

12. The children would be happy if they on holiday.
a. are
c. will be b. were
d. would be

13. The situation would have become better if the weather _ good.

a. is b. was

c. had been d. would be

14. If the boss lell him I'm in a meeting.
a. come
c. came b. comes
d. will come

15. If our team win this time, the coach very happy.
a. is
b. will be
c. was d. would be

16. I _ all my friends if I lived in a big house.

a. invile b. invited

c. would invite d. had invited

17. If our son English well, he would have got a good job.

a. speaks b. will speak

c. would speak d. had spoken

18. Tom would travel around the world if he _ the lolter^y.

a. wins b. won

c. will win d. would win

19. George won't come out of hospital if he _ feel beiler.
a. does
b. doesn"l
c. will
d. won"l

70 m. 4nfsruf InrqArU

20. If I hadn"t broken a promise, my girlfriend me.

a. forgives b. will forgive

c. would forgive d-. would have forgiven

21. She won"l flnd tickets for lhe concert unless she them soon

a. book b. books

c. doesn'l book d. won't-book

22. If he does nol come today, we him in the evening.

a. phone b. phoned
d. would Phone
c. will phone -

23. What if you found a bag full of money on a bus?

a. do you do b. will You do

c. -have you done d. would you do

24. If I _ the weather forecasl, I would have taken an umbrella with me.

a. hear b. heard

c. had heard d. would hear

25. Unless you remind me, I to send him an email.

a. forget b. will forget

c. forgot - d. would forget

26. If they an umbrella, they would go to the supermarkel.

a. have b. had

c. will have d. would have

27. If my sister how to drive, she would buy a car.
a. know
c. knew b. knows
d. will know

28. If he had left on time, he his flight.
a. would miss
c. would have missed b. wouldn't miss
d. wouldn'l have missed

29. If the neighbors making that awful noise, I'll call the police.

a. stop b. don't stoP

c. will stop - d. won"l stoP

30. If these students go to school, the teacher them a Proiect

a. assigns b. will assign

c. would assign d. -had assigned

E,artrrri BASIC GRAMMAR

Non-Finite Verb n6srl$i cr)

rr?t

ilflunflras Non-Fi nite Verb 6a nfenkiufi rilsfi ertrfl un6nr ueifrnfiliiad.rsiiilluilactsFr
lfiuri nru qrxrhrf nianisltrFlleoi firaur*rr"uiufiesnmf,nulorruunnsirsecfi.hs
n?91 Fi n ite Ve rb uaa N on-Fi nite Ve rb uasq noirn"rodrrn6srf(il(ulerasa#rsrirsl
Ifrlfi rdoe c"[6'({16'oci, s n n fi os

1) Ftnlte Verb (niarufr) 6a arJnfardrn"rgtosilasTsn ri,rnri,rdudosnferrarnra

u f,I a s il a g ar ua ; u.6a r+ g r.l'[t n r u n a'n n m o-s si a"hl
f. ilefrasil?so1l{ (ranmrinsauXmu)

2. Tense (o6n floqrh nSaau,rnn)
3. Voice (Active nio Passive)

She keeps the butter in the fridge.
We wanted to visit that museum next week.

2) Non-Ftntte Verb (niafuiufi) 6a qrlnfariiurernrr'rnia,r un'lu'lfiri,rrfirii

Lfl unislfl a"nrasilesTs n nf slhiufifi"eshiurtdfl %ail'trid'recaeieirunustnff nru
uilsaon'lfiutu 3 rLesmn'lfiuri

1. Inflntttve 6a grJnfenrfiar fi 2 ruo na qrtiifi ro rirrfir uasbifi ro drtrrTr
niu to go, to walk (= to + inf.) uac go, walk (= inf.)

2. Gerund 6a qr.tniariirnu -ing ritrririilflur{ruru rdu going, walking,

smiling, drinking, leaving, sitting

3. Partlclple aa qrjnfsliirstu -ing (Presenr Pariiciple) niu sleeping,
exciting n6anisldos 3 (Past Participle) udu written, stolen, used

nratf, ;;;;;#i;;*;ffi ;';rffi";'fl {6 a { u?umfl 1+yt.t?11{,1 l1rU t{O1 a olFfu{yt .' " " .
to + lnf.
;,;",r' il

afford ur."nn. deserve learn prepare
agree attempt fail
aim begin forget manage promise
hope
appear decide offer refuse

plan remember

Small children learn to swim quickly.

72 o?. Fln?$flil{ l{flrQfnl

.' .' . ;;tr''' Y ;;;;;#;iriffi;.;;;;;?,,' ffi' ;'i;. ; i;i,;ffi ;' . " " .
permit teach
flrt1+ lo + i advise encourage hire
lnf. i allow expect instruct persuade tell
i ask forbid invite Promise urge

: cause force lead remind want

: command get order require warn

t ffis mother allowed him to go camPing.

!!&r..**...t

n1'ti 1) 'lffnruna"sniaTrira n5o Modal Verbs ttin do, does, did, will, would,

lnf. shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, need, dare
Students must wear uniforms.

2) 'lf,nruna"snieniiudosnTee"l{ r{u hear, listen to, see, notice, observe,

watch, smell, let, make
She watched her son olav badminton.

n.retfl tf,unfi oulfl uriruril toeralerirnrTriililut?ufl 11{ naau t6anaeetfi rufla"suttutl

gerund Walking is a good exercise.

r.'.x&...".'.'.1r" I am interested in singing.

V. dnrudes nf^ q tY.aeu frasnru draqrJ gerund (V.lng)

srrl"ssia hlfr

gerund admit delay feel miss resist

anticipate deny finish postpone risk

appreciate delest forgive practice spend

avoid discuss imagine prevent suggest

compare enjoy involve quit tolerate

complete escape keep recall understand
confess excuse menlion rePort can"t help

consider fancy mind resent can't stand

n1'tfl ......."..1.r::.T.':.:.1.v"':1.1y:J9..-'"ry-I':.:.9:::;.
parllclpl e V.l n g (P resent Partlcl pb) Iffrtfi a uo'r4 nrrf,irf tslauru iitil il{nav rirnf a'r

'lnpnruflu,tgutt Active Voice
Those running dogs are mine.

V.3 (Past Partlclp|e)'lffunn ar+rirqrxrflirf rrarsilru fi Lfl il{qnnerrirniar
tuaerervatrsutt Passive Voice
The stolen car has been found.

E,rqetorri BASIC GRAMMAR

Exercise I

Complele lhe sentences uslng lnflnltlve or gerund forms of the verbs ln parenlheses.

1. Don't forget (tell) him the news

2. Sandra never admits (make) mistakes.

3. They managed (pass) lheir exams.

4. She is considering (be) a member of that club.

5. My sister enjoys (walk) in the rain.

6. He can't afford (buy) a car.

7. When you finish (do) your homework, call me.

B. My friends decided (go) on Saturday

L My boyfriend refused (see) me aoain.

10. He suggested (go) home when he got sick.

Exercise 2

Complete the senlences uslng lnflnltlve or gerund forms of the verbs tn parentheses.

1. She is interested in (play) tennis

2. They reminded me (do) my assignmenl

3. Cindy told her brother (wait) for her

4. The employee apologized for (come) late.

5. The teacher encourages him (study) harder.

6. The boy succeeded in (pass) his exam.

7. I'm looking forward to (go) to London.
with me.
B. I couldn't persuade him (come)
9. My mother can't stand (be) interrupted.

10. Jack advised me (rent) a new apartmenl.

Complete the sentences uslng lnflnltlve or gerund forms of the verbs ln parentheses.

1. Don"l forget (buy) the newspaper

2. I will never forget (see) the sea for lhe first time,

74 o?. Flnxsil% ?lnrasnl

3. The boy stopped (play) football afler his serious injury

4. On the way up to Chiang Mai, we stopped (visit) my uncle.

5. I regret (say) that you have failed your driving test

6. I think you will regret (tell) him all of your secrels.

Exercise 4

Choose the correcl answer.

1. Hurrv uo! We must run to the bus stoo. I can see a bus

a. comes b. came

c. coming d. is coming

2. Boys and girls enjoy to the music.
a. listen
c. to listening b. to lislen
d. listening

3. Jim soent an hour his homework.
a. do
c. does b. did
d. doing

4. Would you mind this letter in the box for me, please?
a. drop
c. dropping b. to drop
d. for dropping

5. Do vou fancv tennis this afternoon?
a. play
c. to playing b. playing
d. to play

6. We are thinking of by train.

a. travel b. traveled
d. lo lravel
c. traveling -
me?
7. Do vou have anv oood reason for
b. nol call
a. not calling d. not to call

c. not called

8. I persuaded my mother me permission to go out.
a. give
b. gives
c. to give d. giving

9. When Paul oot tired. he stoooed b. work
a. working d. works
c. lo work

E;qErt1 aAsrc cRAMMAR

10. He suggested _ dinner in a Chinese restauranl.
a. have
c. to have b. having
d. to having

11. Do you have any dlfficulty in _ English?
a. lo speak
c. spoke b. speak
d. speaking

12. I've forgolten _ flowers for my girlfriend's birthday.
a. bry
c. to buy b. bought
d. buying

13. I can"t afford time trying to explain this to you.
a. waste
c. wasted b. to waste
d. wasting

14. The lhief admilted the house but says he didn't take anything.
a. to enler
c. enlering b. enter
d. entered

15. I remember with dolls when I was a child.
a. play b. played
c. to play
d. playing

16. My friend offered to help me _ my motorcycle.
a. to repair
c. repaired b. repairing
d. for repair

17. My boss expecls me _ this work as soon as possible.
a. complete
c. to complete b. completed
d. completing

18. I can'l help _ in love with you.
a. fall
c. to fall b. falling
d. for falling

19. I regret to my falher's advice. He was right.

a. not lislening b. not listen

c. not listened d. nol to listen

20. We"re going out for dinner. Would you like _ us?

a. join b. to join

c. joining d. to joining

E oa. 4na-oarrf Inraeq

21. The lravel agenl advised us until August.

a. not waiting b. not to wait
d. not wait
c. nol waited -

22. They decided to Paris for their honeymoon'

a. to go b. going
c. go - d. for going

23. Please slop me when I am tr^ying to explain something.

a. interrupl b. to interruPl

c. inter-rupting d. lo interrupling

24. We wenl for a walk after we finished up the kitchen.

a. cleaned b. cleaning

c. clean d. to clean

25. The students avoid _ at lhe teacher if they don"t want lo answer a question.
a. look
b. to look
c. looking d. to looking

26. I apologized lo her but she refused it.

a. accept b. to accePl
d. accePting
c. accepled -

27. His doctor has forbidden him high cholesterol food.

a. eal b. eating

c. to eat - d. to eating

28. Lisa and David were considering married in June.

a. to get b. get

c. got d. gelting

29. The woman warned her young son the hol slove.

a. not touching b. not touch
d. nol to louch
c. not touched -

30. I would like to remind you some information aboul our new pr^oduct'

a. bring b. broughl
d. bringing
c. to bring -

wqalord BASIC GRAMMAR 77

Modol Verb n?6lfl'lt?Et

CONCEPT ; Modal Verb 6a n6fl'rdraEisilrurlflaaun"rniarfla-n tosuana-nrrxaras

ilas1fl n'i1lfl uriasTsniiuansnmuransrlesmfl'lo udu nerudrxmo a21e.l

,f rufl u n mur{t r+'[r.l'[6' nreo rflgu nmdu auuv ril r.l fru frr6s u nree odrra-n

nra'lfl naanenorluunnsirseyfl .hrnf elursel-rff(ff(nHGgsn-1.r

na"nn1?tf 1) lfl Voaal Verb nirilesarrrnnrit'l6Tnaleint?iaugrt

Modal Verb The teacher can teach for six hours a day.
2) ilesTanilfludo rn*r not ra's Modal Verb lfinhfi

She might not know where Peter works.

3) mfanrilo.tal ?.rs Modal Verb lsnrirrlasTso

May I ask you a question?
4) Moda I Ve rb rirmlrqisr"ritsifi qiladqnia ailroFl

can / could Our friend must go to Korea next year.

1)'lfluansnrrudrumn niaerrruu{tu'lr.t1fi

(' r{reT m) My daughter can speak Japanese very well.
2) tf(r+nretafas

Can you tell me where John lives?
3) lf, could rdouflr+nretaatru,rrr ro#as r6oraoerurfiu (an,run.jr can)

Could you tell me your name, please?
4) tfl could rilr+rrla6nras can

She could swim when she was five years old.

S) tfl Ue able to u?lrl can / could lff

wlll / would Your friend might be able to help you.

1) tffuaosnrenacf ,r n6anrrurfl u16'(rar+rprn

('q:) He will not lend me this book.

2) tff would rdaritr+nmtoios (4n.run-jr will)

Would you turn off the light, please?

3) lf, would rfir+grJadmtas will
I thought I would be lare.

78 ae. {ne"oar[ r1nro6r1

maY / mlght 1) tf(un'ratoat6uler

('omec) May I go home now?

must 2) tffuaorsnrrarutu'lrfld'luail1nn (may fiTanrdurnn'jr mi ght)

(- do{) She might pass the examination.

.".;;;.'. 3) tf, might riluqrJafinno{ may
(. druiln#ot)
They wanted to know if they might come later.
/shall should
l-.ro)o[{[1.[n']?dLsfi?- ou{Ftlr
('Frreq:)
used to You must be here before 10 o'clock.

('rrg) 2) tfruaornmarofrflu

Students must get up early and go to school.

3) tfluansnrruetr+le niaorT urilu"lr.ilfi

The boy must be mad to do this.

4) tf, must not tunrefiru danarattrura'ir fiaslai

You must nol walk on the grass.

5) tf, have to ryril rnust m'audasadnfl6aa%1na

ii iffi He h.a;;d' to go..to{;t;hielfdfie;n;tdist; yesterday. " ffi; ; ;;j "''

n; ;I ;r t;h*. ffi;',

My father needs to work very hard.

2) tffnrarfira not + inf. rdadap,erunuret'jr lri.f,uflufras

You need not wait any longer.

/1)'lf(r+nrerauaurls raot{U'ter tianretnmruufiu (ffn-u I we ni

Shall we meet at the universitY?
2) tf, ought to (= Eneo;) unu should "lfi

You ouoht to be more careful.

1)'lffudnrfi #un6odsiime{r1r+ahcr

People used to lhink that the earth was flat.
2) rmlf, be used to frarnTu6'ra N./V.ing finr1uflurs'jr rprafiilcia..

John is used to getting up earlY.

rwqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 79

Exercise I

Complele the sentences wllh'can','can't','must' or'mustn't'.

1. I"m very tired today. I clean my room.

2. It"s raining heavily. You take your umbrella.

3. A cat climb up a tree, but a dog

4. We pick the flowers in the park.

5. John is very short. He play basketball very well

6. We go to the bank today. We haven"t got any money

7. We are very hungry, so we eat a lot of sandwiches.

B. Tourisls take their passports when they go abroad.
9. Footballers touch the ball with their hands.

10. She is a small baby. She eat meal, but she drink milk.

Exercise 2

Ghoose the correct one.

1. Drivers (could / must) stop when the traffic lights are red.
2. You (may not / needn't) take your umbrella. It is not raining.
3. I have no time. I (must / may) leave now or I miss lhe bus.
4. (Might / Could) you water my planrs while I am away?
5. You don't look well. You (could / should) see a doctor.
6. tJudy is not at home. she (might / could) have gone to paris, I don't know.
7. There are plenty of tomatoes in the fridge. you (needn't / mustn't) buy any.
B. If you want to learn to speak English fluently, you (need / could) to work hard.
9. Tom (can / must) Play tennis quite well. I usually play with him every weekend.
10. ""(Should / Ylay) we go out tonight, please?' *Yes, but you (mustn't / couldn't) be late.'

Exercise 3

Complete the sentences wtth a suttable modal verb.

1. Jack come lo our wedding, but we aren't sure.

2. That dress is not expensive. I buy it.

f oa. {nfaanf r^lnuoirg

3. My hands are very dirry. I wash them.

4. I"m sorry but we come to your party tomorrow

5. I buy the lickets for lhe concert? I can see you"re too busy

6. You not be so nervous. I think il will be very easy.

7. Sandra notplaylheviolinwhenshewasfive,butnowshe-

play it very well

Exercise 4

Choose lhe correct ansvrer,

1. My sisler speak English and French very fluently.
a. may
c. has to b. can
d. could

2, It's a great town. You visit it some day.
a. could
c. should b. might
d. would

3. It"s oettino lale. I oo now.

a. can b. may
c. would d. have to

4. Anna get lired of her 1ob. It is so boring.

a. musl b. should

c.-has to d. need

5. Are you going swimming? I come with you, please?

a. Should b. Can

c. Musl d. Will

6. My dog jump very high when he was younger.
a. can
c. could b. may
d. might

7. I'm not going to pay ftve pounds for a coffee.You be;oking!

a. can b. might

c. should d. must -

8. It"s a secrel. You tell anyone about il.

a. can't b. musl not

c. may not d. don"l have to

fnrqa1cnd BASIC GRAMMAR

9. This is a hospital. People are resting, so you be quiet.

a. will b. oughl

c. should d. can

10. I have a quick word with you? Something important has happened

a. Must b. Could

c. Would d. Should

11. I wanled to talk to tlim yesterday, but I _ find him.

a. didn't b. wouldn'l

c. might not d. couldn't

"12. You _ smoke here. Il's a non-smoking area.

a. couldn't b. wouldn't

c. mightn'l d. musln"t

13. I"m sure you _ love this film. It's brilliant.
a. could
c. would b. can
d. mighr

14. I _ imagine why she married him. He's so stupid!

a. can"t b. mightn't

c. mustn'l d. shouldn"t

15. I speak ro Mr. Smith, please?

a. Should b. Would

c. May d. Mtghr

16. What _ you do in my situation? I need your advice.

a. musl b. would

c. could d. should

17. You _ forget to take the food out of lhe oven at seven o'clock.

a. wouldn't b. can't

c. couldn'l d. musln"l

18. They lefi London at three o'clock so they be here by now.

a. could b. would

c. should d. can

19. you open the window, please? It"s hor in here.

a. Need b. Must

c. Should d. Could

82 na. {ni'oen[ Unraiq

20. I like to buy lhe same television for my house.

a. could b. would

-c. must d. have to

21. The passengers wear their seatbelts at all times'

a. could b. must

c. can - d. may

22. I have more cheese on my sandwich?
b' Would
a. Must

c. Could d. Have lo

23. you mind buying two loaves of bread on your way home?

a. Would b' Could

c. Might d. Should

24. We _ go to the concert if the rain stoPs. We don't know for sure.

a. mustn"l b. have to

c. wouldn't d. might

25. I hear you. Could you please speak louder?

a. can b. must

-c. can't d' mustn'l

26. You eat many vegetables if you want to be healthy'

a. need b' could

c-. would d' should

27. you bring me a glass of cold water?
b. Could
a. Must d. Need
c. Should

28. .lulie like to visit Kyoto when she is in Japan'

a. should b. will

c.-would d. can

29. This rock band play very well last year. Now they are much better'

a. must b' should

c. couldn-"t d. can

30. The boys wake up earlier than 7:30 am. They have class at 8:00 am.
a. would
c. could b' can"t
d' have lo

wqalovrd BASIC GRAMMAR B3

Reported Speech rl asTs a fi' r;'r A'rutI n u I uai'r

.i:1, " R ;;;;;; " H;"liri' ;il .i,iaru .i;;;il ; ;. ;;;f;; d;;,;ffi ..

; d;.

il1ua1 nalmtrilas!lri.l-$rmJ5a{rumri"txaagdrs sirssln Direct speech f,suilu

rlaslanFirilnmesl loaerfi mdartrarlerFirp ueas1rlf,drdrmlodaffaprarerfi uo

ffr6pruneaq ndT i6n.renJ6surJactenFl',ruonrqfl ur.teaTsniiri,rn'rlnutdr
.) " " "'' " .' . .
;;;,i*;;;;ffi ;;t; il;u;ffirff ;;il ;d;;;ffi il;
nT?[tl8g1r -,l:Tr^"i ;")'

rJailsnFhfln 1) rirq n iirfl urlacTs n u a nr6ir n6o rJarTa n rJfr raa
I
2) ritXniir{ruilaaTsn F{1nrer
3) ritXndrfl uriaatanrild{

1) drlnrfln 1) lf, say Lflnn6elilrflrirrJarlann',r1o
2) tf, that Lflr.rn"rudauasndrrrrecTsnnrirn-urtecTernrirqa ({isoreaaaon'lfi)
rteitsauanEh 3) ft nfardr"frenlfl rlnfsludarfl qeu-il tr+rirlaa-sns1ff tense trru udfi1nifl ,r

tr6erI4-n{o nriT ril u a 6 fra rur.l6en+n'.rlotrilfl u Te n se udas odn Hril'lrl6nr'unr*s

anr5urdorXno-rudasiiLfl uef sraeratriodrdteiur]deruurlas

Sarah says, *l am a student.'

= Sarah says (that) she is a student.
Peter said, "These children are naughty."
= Peter said (that) those children ue_re na ughty.

Tense tloe said, *l write it." = .loe said he wrote it.

Joe said, "l am writing it." = tloe said he was writing it.

tloe said, "l have written it." = Joe said he had written it.
Joe said, *l wrole it." = tloe said he had written it.

i .loe said, *l was writing it." = tloe said he had been writino it.

Joe said,""l will write it." = rloe said he would write it

f na. {nr"mn[ 4nreirg

ntanldg$ now > then
Adverb
fi?a 0fl.'Ala$'l today / tonight > that day / that night
> the day before / the previous day
2) niTpuiln yesterday > the next day / the following day
> the previous week / the week before
ilaiTgndrore tomorrow
last week (month...) > the following week

next week (month...) > before

ago > that / those

this / these

here > there

She said, "l met him last week."

= She said (that) she had met him lhe previous week.

He said, *l lived here three years ago."

= He said (that) he had lived there three years before.

ttI t) ask (+ neau) / wonder (aifiar + naau) Lilunfs''ni'rflrirrJ*Tanrirln
/2) ttr if whether (dmehriroruiifr'asnrarirnat'jr /yes no) t6arrsqrJ

wh-, how (dT nahn"rnr+rdu1) uiiaeresfl 'hsilastfl nfl firn"rrlegTsnFi'luFt

3) 6aszirri'trirl%ra;tfl nFirnrruluei tfinareLilHilestanronririln6

4) frrn6arfr r{'nnliltniflrudosfl oqt"u tuniT qna"snslfl tense rau udfirnifl r

u4i.lu06fi qud. ud,osa46neru"\ke?inrh6tnt'ua
u a 'a. .J . r+ Tense
fr asnJbar+riT 1olfrufl
dT
snr?1{uilaToo{r?a{1 iiLflilq6sderansaiisdleinl?ienruilas

The teacher said, 'ls there anybody outside?'

= The teacher asked me if there was anybody outside.
My brother said, *Why are you so late?"

= My brother wondered why I was so late.

3) nlTlnrilu / /t) tf, tett order ask (+ naeu) uflunfertirnri'nla;Tanrirln
rhitgafi#{
2)'ld nam ;iluilu{a=t rird'r

3) nJ?ierunfs'flfr1fi% to + inf. (darilmrh&urlttanuir) tia noi to + inf,

(ud arfl u ri#'suttrJ4uda )

Sandra said, ""Turn off the light."

= Sandra told me to turn off the light.
My mother said, *Don"t lock the door."

= My mother asked me not to lock the door.

wqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR 85

Exercise I

Change the followlng sentences Into reporled speech.

1. John said, "l saw lhal movie on Wednesday."
2. Susan said, *The train will probably arrive on time."
3. The man said, *l have to finish this report by five o'clock.'

4. Mr. Brown said, "l don'l drive a car in the rush hour."
5. My brother said, 'l don'l want to carry your books."

Exercise 2

Ghange the followlng sentences lnto reported speech.

1. She asked her boyfriend, 'Do you ltve with your family?"

2. John asked Sandra, *Are you listening to me?-

3. He asked me, *What are you doing al the weekend?"
4. My mother asked me, *Where is your umbrella?"

5. She asked Tom, -What kind of films do you like watching?.

Exercise 3

Change the followtng sentences tnto reported speech.

86 oa. 4nfoanf Tnraeru

1. My father told me, "Keep all the windows closed''
2. The robber told the woman, "Give me your money'"
3. She told her husband, 'Don't forget to take your key''

Exercise 4

Choose the correct answer. not do it again'

1. They told us that they b' were
a. do d' would
c. will

2. Her teacher asked me if she there'
a. lives
b' lived
c. is living d' will live

3. He told me that he the film.

a. had already seen b. had seen already
d' has seen already
c. has already s-een
arrived yet'
4. Someone was wondering if Alex
b. has
a. had d' is

c. was

5. The teacher told the boys their money'
a. not waste
b' to waste not

c. nol to waste - d. to not wasle

6. My grandfather said that he always up early'

a. wake b' wakes

c. woke d' to wake

7. George said he to the cinema the next day'
a. goes
c. will go b' went

d' would go

8. Her teacher said she -- do her homework every day'
a. has to
c. will b' had to
d' was

wqaTenei BASIC GRAMMAR 87

9. His father said that he soeak three languages.
a. could
b. can
c. has to d. will

10. Mike sald he _ to visit his friends that weekend.
a. wanl
c. wanted b. wanls
d. will want

"11. My slster reminded me _ my homework.
a. forget
c. forgot b. not to forget
d. to not forget

1,2. Ronald asked Betty where _ her car.
a. she parked
c. she parks b. does she park
d. did she park

13. Anna told me _ Sandy at the train station.
a. meel
c. met b. to meet
d. meeting

14. Max told me that Peter often a book.
a. read
b. is reading
c. reads d. was reading

15. Jerry said he _ English a lot at that moment.
a. sludies
c. studied b. is studying
d. was studying

16. He said that Andrew to the sladium an hour before.
a. goes
c. has gone b. went
d. had gone

17. My son said he his best in lhe exams the next day.
a. will go
c. would do b. does
d. did

18. Mark asked me why to study French.
a. I want
b. I wanted
c. do I want d. did I wanr

19. They said rhey _ in Bangkok for a long time.
a. live
c. have lived b. lived
d. had lived

oooo o?. (nfoanf TnraArU

20. He said lhal he fish two days before.
a. doesn't eal
c. hadn'l eaten b. didn"l eal
d. hasnul eaten

21. She said that her teacher to Spain the next day.
a. goes
c. has gone b. would go
d. will go

22. My brother asked me if I reading the newspaper
a. finish
c. finished b. had finished
d. have finished

23. rlane reminded me so much junk food.
a. eat
c. not to eal b. eating
d. to nol eat

24. Our neighbor said that her father the previous year.
a. dies
c. died b. has died
d. had died

25. Lisa said she for me for over an hour.
a. waited
c. waiting b. was waiting
d. had been waiting

26. Peter said he uP every morning al seven o'clock.

a. gels b. gol
c. will get- d. would get

27. She asked me why I writlen to her for such a long lime.

a. hadn"t b. haven't
c. wasn"t - d. didn't

28. The leachers lold us football in the garden.

a. nol to play b. nol PlaYing
c. to not play - d. to PlaY nol

29. Alice lold me she lhat nighl.
a. come
c. can come b. comes
d. could come

30. My friend said he his homework by the time I arrived'

a. will finish b. would finish

c. will have finished d. would have finished

gwqalonci BAstc cRAMMAR

piror*d'trf
t

CONCEPT Adj ect ei v 6 o n'rq nrrflrf ritrrirfr tarafl 5a a 6urs riruru ria rirdaeuuru
s^
ur-islfl u 6 rlasmfl frriau
${0u4fl osantsnrsfl 0sa1$rilr6orirdaail1,l,ran{o1{

naaf, nurrrirfr uacsq"rufl $sqosni,rqnrrl'lrfusiasilasmfl arun-unmr6tu}n-u

r{rq rxrl'ur{ tfl naffi f,(flfl a,ta n'ru1rsrs rirururt6o rirdeeuuru

1) Proper n-o riTqnrrftn{f(f,uaosdrgtrfi nianrur urin Thai, Chinese, .lapanese,
AdJectlve American, British, Italian, German, French

Our neighbor knows the Japanese language.
My father has many American friends.

2) Possesslve r6 a niT q orrl'u{f(f,uao s narurfl ur{,mr o fi asms ffrsnfir '[fiuri
AdJectlve
my, your, his, her, its, ours, their
Your dictionary is on the desk.

Their parents work hard every day.

3) Interrogattve 6 a rir4 rurl'utif(f,ue nr rhnm fr arrrs ffrs fi flr Fr',ru1eru?iru'u lfiuri w h i c h,
AdJectlve what, ihose

Which way shall we go?

What book are you reading at the moment?

4) Descrlptlve iltrn-o rirq orol'llff(f,ua osa"nurxsyi a n nrduuEr a s Ft'r nin o l d, b ea ut i fu l,
AdJectlve
rich, expensive, clever, yellow, lazy

The rich man lives in this big house.

A clever student can answer this difficult ouestion.

5) Deflnlte ao rir4ud'ur{f( urv'irnu"lru ds"tru n6aa"u'[tru uriu rhis,
AdJectlve
that, these, those, such eauo-sriruannit r{u one, two, three uac

siro"tii rdr+ first, second, third

These students like to study English.
There were five people in the room.

6) Indeflnlte 6a rirorxrflr,rr{dteif,"railrstfrrfiuaeirsf'ouqu'j,rpru1ru iir'ltru miaa'r+lnu udu
AdJectlve
a"ah, ar".y, all, much, many, few, little, some, other

Susan bought some books yesterday.

**.. . " " . . . . p.: ""p.r:. .:.".T.:. P.::.q::... .'J. :".i :.: g. "1 . Pl. . . . . . .

90 a?. 6n26}l1{ }lnrQffl

Partlclple rrard'nrranlf, P a rt i c i p el nSa rirdafrsurern n6fl ttrqr*rlnfitfr ur.iufl

lfifrn AdJeclve Present Partlclple (V.rng) lflrdaurur+'unesrilnFen (Acti ve Voice)

We do not know that singing lady.
Past Partlcrple (V.3) lf,w'au, eru'unnnec{1nis'r (Passi ve Voice)

I

The punished student is my classmate.

drufintros ilanq'rnfi"Eft druT enlflri'tnierrfr udorareuofttianeru{fln niu interest,
AdJectlve
bore, excite, surprise, frighten, annoy, amuse tnafiqr-tniarn-sf

V. . {rlfr... This story interests me.
V.lng - nu This story is interesting to me. (= adj.)
V.3 . )frn-. I am interested in this story. (= adj.)

1,, 21slrld1Fyr1{13tTOnfl erlel

The handsome teacher walked slowly to school.
2) arurai's verb to be t6a linking verbs nir+ look, seem, feel,

smell, become, appear, sound, turn, grow, taste

These kids look happy today.
3) msra'sniT gaaruT u'Laiil"uailrs tdu som eone, somebody, som eth i n g,

anyone, anybody, anything, no one, nobody, nothing
Do you have someone special in your life?

flesnd$res niu afraid, alive, alone, asleep,

flafini AdJectlve ashamed, awake, ill, well
The children are asleep.

arqorhr{ff frestrrnrirrhnrawi, rr'n triu elde r, especia l, fo rm e r,
golden, inner, latter, middle, upper

John is my elder brother.

ntrtiiscdrn"u udolf, r;qorrl'nr{fl arerirtsrsriruratrirfisefr osr6ssairrl"uriar+ta"sn"s 1{
AdJectlve
*i,r*mrfri d'nunx ImTn I oTEl a ifrgtrB n'ruT e
brown
r r r r x r r * *s {r r * * x * x o r o x*! *x * r " a * * {xr t * * a r * x '..-"""-'t."sE&f,(8.

A nice bag

The new big black car

Her modern larg e Thai house

This dirty old red dress

Some P:.::lY"... young Italian girls
3 { tr.. *: * t t * r !

EnvqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR

Exercise I

Ghoose the correcl form.

1. The children ate the (delicious / deliciously) chocolates.
2. tlohn and Paul are both very (serious / seriously) students.
3. Something smells (good / well) in the kitchen.
4. Thal music sounds (terrible / terribly). I can't stand it.
5. She looked (nervous / nervously). She didn't seem to be (calm / calmly).

Exercise 2

Underllne lhe two adJecttves tn each sentence.

1. We had a hot meal and a cool drink.
2. I wrote a long lelter to my elderly aunt.
3. The girl felt nervous before the importanl exam.
4. I was tired and my back was sore.
5. The angry teacher punished the naughty boy.

Exercise 3

Choose the correcl form.

1. Ir was (surprised / surprising) that she didn"t come to the party.
2. We wene all very (worried / wor^rying) when he didn"t come home.
3. I don't normally get (frighrened / frightening) when I watch horron films.
4. The football match was quite (excited / exciting). I enjoyed ir.
5. The students thought the story was quite (amused / amusing).
6. Peter never stops lalking and he never says anything (interested / inleresring).
7. My parents were (shocked / shocking) when they heard the news.
B. Sandra is really (excited / exciting) about going to the United states.
9. I was (disappointed / disappointing) with the film. I had expected ir ro be be1er.
10. Why do you always look so (bored / boring)? Is your life really so (bored / boring)?

92 o?. dn?s0rl{ ?{flrarfl

Exercise 4

Put the adJectlves ln parentheses ln the correct order.

1. The reslauranl (new / wonderful / Thai)

2. The table (wooden / brown / old)

3. The lie (red / expensive / silk)
4. The house (Chinese / big / old)
5. The woman (Korean / young / nice)

Exercise 5

Ghoose lhe correcl answer.

1. The film we saw last niqht was very

a. exciting b. exciled

c. excitedly -. d. excitement

2. There's a reslauranl on the corner.

a. liltle nice Thai b. nice llttle Thai

c. Thai-nice little d. nice Thai little

3. If we eat things, we may die.

a. poison b. Poisons

c. poisonous d. PoisonouslY

4. You'll find cold drinks there whenever you feel

a. thirsty b. lhirst

c. lhirstily d. thir-s.tiness

5. I enjoyed the book. It was very b. interests
a. interest

c. interesled -. d. interesting

6. Be with this glass of milk. It's hot.

a. care b. careful
d. careless
c-. caring
7. Robin looks very What"s the matter with him?

a. sad b. sadness

c. sadly -. d. to be sad

B. I find il quite to talk in front of a group of people.

a. embarrass b. embarrassing

c. emba-rrassed d. embarrassmenl

En;qalerei BAstc cRAMMAR

9. I often get _ in new social situalions.
a. nerve
c. nervous b. nervously
d. nervousness

10. Steve seemed after he heard what his brother said.
a. anger
c. angrily b. angry
d. and angry

11. My brother thinks reading newspaper is _.
a. depress
b. depr-essed

c. depressing d. depression

12. All the girls fell in love with the teacher.

a. handsome new American b. American new handsome
c. new handsome American d. American handsome new

13. I hope other people think I look _. b. attracted
a. atlract d. attraction
c. attractive

14. Paul is in all kinds of sport.

a. inlerest b. interested
d. interesting
c. interestingly

15. Thene was a noise last night. Did you hear it?
a. loud
b. loudly
c. loudness d. very loudly

16. Sometimes, driving at night can be very _.
a. danger
b. dangers
c. dangerous
d. dangerously

'17. My uncle finds walking in the countryside very _.
a. nelax b. relaxed

c. relaxation d. relaxing

18. All the children in that class are b. intelligently
d. intelligence
a. intelligent
c. so intelligently

19. My neighbor recently married a _ woman.
a. young beautiful Greek
c. beautiful Greek young b. beautiful young Greek
d. Greek young beautiful

94 na. 4nfmrd qnrse{U

20. For many people, giving a presentation can be a .- exPerience'

a. scare b' scarY

c. scared d' scarilY

21. I get when people smoke in restaurants'

a. annoy b' annoying

c. -annoyed d' annoYinglY

22. My sister always wears clothes'
a. bright
c. brighlen b. brightly
d' brightness

23. Anna is a suPermodel.

a. beautiful slim Brazilian b' Brazilian beautiful slim
d' Brazilian slim beautiful
c. slim-Brazilian beautiful

24. At the end of a day's work, she is often b' exhausted

a. exhaust d' exhausting

c. exhausls

25. Those apples look May I have one?

a. delicious b' like deliciouslY
c. delicious-lY' d' so deliciouslY

26. I get -- when someone asks difficult questions'
confuse
a' b' confused

c. confusing d' confusion

27. This situation requires a investigation'

a' serious b' seriouslY
c. seriousness - d' verY seriouslY

28. Going to new Places is alwaYs b' excite
d' excitedlY
a. excited
c. exciting

29. The boss gave him a .- vase'

a. small Egyptian black b' black Egyptian small
d' Egyplian small black
c. small black Egyptian
as in Europe'
30. In the United States, food is not as
a. exPense b' exPensive
c. expenses d' exPensivelY

Ewqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR

Adverb ao1aan-(f ?91?rlu6}t

rAd v e rb n o rirnf e'riptunf ritr ri,rdtars fi ia aEurer Filn6fl nir4 r*rl'nr[ n6a

rfrnferrirtuor rdalfrarsacr6eoii{'nrquflFaaur;ania*sn-11 {r6anoraf,nu,rrT.rd
uagn"eadrsrasri, nisrirrroiugiacilacmr amn-srfirduacairufi l{starn,retff

n1n?91?FllJOrnzPt

1) Adverb a o rirnierrirtr* nff,(flueosa"nuorc fi 5a or nra ri,rIfrf'j.1fi n ua"nurucacir{'b

of Manner (How?) u"nasfr.rsfirs -ly niu quickly, badly, easily, carefully

2) Adverb Paul drives carefully but has a lot of accidents.
of Place
.**H*lv ;; ;#,''iw;#i)';;;;fr"...
3) Adverb
of Tlme 6a
"ri"r.n. sIPe.,.rgi*:r:"rr.rd.Yr3r.-".i^.:H:.s. ";;t;{T.#t,;+t on the noor.
4) Adverb di;'
of Frequency
there, somewhere, upstairs, downstairs, abroad
5) Adverb
of Degree You should wait for your daughter here.

Adverb They never traveled abroad when they were kids.

rla:mna'rr1 6a rirnfpj,tiurtrcnff(f,uansurar rirt (When?) uriu tonighr,

today, now, soon, yesterday, Iately, tomorrow

I think I will go ro bed early tonight.

.**?.Yk., . . . . . .
: ls.y:. .r3y. .?:.::. .* ::s. ....
" uaosn,ufi
n-arirnf 116on,*ilasri.tr6.rr-rr-rrri aawirtn (How
errt*tunff(f,

often?) rriu always, usually, often, sometimes, rarely, never

She has never done that before.

I*. . . . . . . .

;;i,(faon"rnffl
lirt"u*npi.fP(f.,yu:"a:a.s3aa*n*-srr,i,riT:"ri:f,:jr.rnj1n,"r"*. ".tyu":r:o[.-,u::;;j;fll. ".... .

r;,fi o

what degree?) niu very, rather, too, quite, nearly, so

We do not have very much money.

He speaks too quickly for me to follow him

1) udotnrentu niu when, where, why, how

Where are you going?

2) udnsnrenoua"r.r niu yes, certainly, definitely, absolutely
Could you help me? Definitely.

96 ne. 4na"oarf 4nrofrg

fi$s1) flre€ 3) uelonnmnarLr.lfrrdo u'dr+ no, never
Adverb Does he know where you live? Na.

4) udonnreqrru "lfiuri how
How pretty she is!

1) tfltaranirnfar (Verb)

t)ennifer plays tennis well.
2) lf,laT arirqrxrl'uf (Adjective)

Our teachers are very kind.
3)'lffraranirnfarirtr*nf (Adverb)

My parents drive very carefully.
4) lf,ramaEr5on{urir (Phrase)

These people lived nearly on the top of the hill.
5)'lffturanvsrLesTerndrluuT (Sentence)

Unfortunately, the weather was bad and we had to wait.

claffi$smq 1) a'xra"rrirnfaT
Adverb
Henrv walked slowlv.
2) arsrrlrnirn6fl 1 fl iaasfi 'jrsrirnfsrdoset"r

You should never do it again.

3) aTstrriT Adjective trSa Adverb

This question is really difficult.

4) ar"l5frur]actern $r'afrosnmnTue'"r

Yesterday I went to a football match.

5) rrsl5fr'rariesTso $r'ailasTerafil

He will come back tomorrow.

,i: il;{t ;in;#;ffiffi;;;#;;ffi; 1;,1.;;;il;;;il ;;';;;r;'''

fast, hard, high, late, low, right, wrong fiteroaalq'jrLfluritLesmfllo

"rn'" itrrar fr a s o'ir ri, uvu rTr ii rs r fl Fi'fl nlu il a ste Fr

r: 'I norn"work is hard. (= ad;. tuartnalsrir$1u homework)

..irttr.".*. The students work hard. (= adv. tileratersFl"lnial work)

aaqalord BASIC GRAMMAR 91

Exercise I

Put the senlences ln lhe correct order.

1. has / there / Peter / been / never / before

2. from / usually / vegetables / the night market / I / buy,

3. quickly / ate / our / we / exlremely / sandwiches.

4. injured / was / the girl / in the accident / slightly

5. was / by / totally / everything / rn the lecture / I / confused.

Exercise 2

complete the sentences wlth lhe comect form of lhe words ln parentheses.

1. These people are speaking (quier)

2. My sisler can speak English (good)

3. He is playing the guitar (nice)

4. The children ane playing (happy)
5. He always does his homework (careful)
6. You should drive more (slow)
7. The old man walks very (rapid)
B. The teacher shouts very (angry)
9. I can do all of these exercises (easy)

10. Paul works very in his new job. (hard)

11. My father runs very (fast)

12. They both study English very (serious)

13. I agree with you in this matter. (complete)

14. She always speaks to the child. (soft)

15. Her sister plays the violin (beautiful)

98 o?. 4na"$Nf qnra66u

Exercise 3

Complete the sentences uslng one of the words ln the box.

safely happily carefully slowly quickly

1. The turtle walked and couldn'l keep up with the rabbit

2. Mike chose the answers for his test so he would pass.

3. The boy saw there were no cars coming so he could cross the streel

4. The team ran towards the finish line lo win the race.

5. This time lomorrow I will be working in my garden.

Exercise 4

Choose lhe correct answer,

1. My car broke down yeslerday. I hope the mechanic can fix it

a. quick b. quickly

c. quickness d. very quick -.

2. I was confused by his difficult queslion.

a. complele b. completed

c. -completely d. complelion

3. Mv friends and I oassed the Enolish test

a. ease b. easy

c. easily d. very easy

4. If you drive you could have an accident.

a. reckless b. recklessly

c. veny r-e, ckless d. recklessness

5. I like to tell ,iokes and make people laugh. I tell lokes
a. good b. well

c. bad d. badly

6. My father works very and has very little free lime'
a. hard
c. so hand - b. hardly
d. hardness
7 The stars were shining
in a clear sky.
a. brighr
c. brightness - b. brightly
d. so bright

nsgEflsrEi BASIC GRAMMAR 99

B. You must work hard if you want to do this exercise

a. correct b. correclly

c. correcled d. correclness

9. The teacher explained the assignment _.
a. care
b. careful

c. careless d. carefully

10. I think he answered that question cleverly.
a. exlreme
c. extremely b. too extreme
d. very exlreme

11. The driver stared at the motorcyclist.
a. angry
b. angrily
c. anger d. very angry

12. Tom tries very when he plays tennis bul Martin always wins.

a. hard b. hardly

c. hardne-ss d. very hardly

13. The coach was angry. He had never seen his team play so _.
a. bad b. badly

c. worse d. badness

14. .lames often arrives _ for school on Mondays.
a. lale
c. later b. lately
d. lateness

15. We _ enjoyed rhe play we saw last night.

a. real b. reality

c. really d. so real

16. English and German are _ related.
a. close
c. closed b. closing
d. closely

17. I have finished the book you gave me.

a. near b. nearness

c. nearly d. very near

18. He's an awful driver. He never stops the car _.
a. smooth b. smoothly

c. very smooth d. smoothness

19. The grass grew _ because of the dry weather.
a. slow
c. slowly b. slowness
d. very slow

E na. {ne'oaf 4nrsaru

20. .lack is upset about losing his keys.

a. lerrible b. lerriblY

c. very lerrible d. so terrible

21. You should try to speak if you are giving a speech'
a. clear
c. clearly b' clearness
d. claritY

22. I lhink you have spent too much moneY b. latelY

a. lale -d. . later

c. lateness

23. The car was damaged in the accident'

a. serious b. seriousness

c. serio-uslY d. verY serious

24. Ihe teacher shouled at the naughty children'

a. angry b. anger

c. so angrY d. angrilY

25. Sara speaks so thal I can't understand her'

a. fast b' fastlY
c. ver y fasl- d. too fast

26. The house was destroyed in the explosion'

a. total b. totallY

c. a total - d' a totallY

27. They always get home on weekends'

a. late b. later

c. lately d' lateness

28. If you want tourists to visit your counlry, you musl treat them
b' Pleased
a. please d' PleasantlY

c. pleasant -.

29. His English is improving all the time. He speaks very now.

a. good b' best

c. well d' better -

30. David is the best student in class. He studies
b' hardness
a. hard
d' verY hardlY
c. hardly

nrqaTorei BASIC GRAMMAR 101

Comporison .dd

n1?ril?EtLJr?lEtu

r rt s {!q 1c i.r.11., is N';!e *x e 3. F

,liCONCEPT,ri,'.. , ... .. ..:, i.-..ir: .. .. .....r _* Comparison 6a nmtil-eauufiElrL 'luiifi"esfiu'rsfisn.reril-?Erurfisrrirprr*rl'r^r{'uas

1 ,,,,,-.,.'..,', rirnis,iuatunf lilsur.isoan'lfiiflu 3 qrJ "lfiuri rf,uaearuorr (Positive Degree)

,','r ,.':,',,-:11'.,,' 1':; riun'ir (comparative Degree) uarr'u4s4or (superlative Degree)
t-tto?tilnts*i!*
ge :o.a-{-a!Yi x_irc i N *q I s**nu

: nmtil-asuufrsuir"flaetunr rdare,tclne1utfrf'arquEirfu rarqv'lffFl"{1{"rlJnArru

: adJectlve / adverb

""""".:'.;I

fl?1
'r' ""' ' She speaks Chinese as fluently as her sister.
i nrani6crrufiarr"un'ir udasnmuilSfllrfisracfi.jrs 2 6ir urislflu 2 qtl 6a
; aa; / adv. + er + 1[6n (f,n'rr{marrrir6ur)

Tom is taller than Peter.

/more + adg. adv. + than (fln"rririifidasilsrsrir*"u1rl)

Tom is more handsome than peter.

fn6o4n xls{o udornmuriSflrrfiarestrirs 2 aiss*ulu ur_islflu 2 6a

/the + adJ. adv. + est C(frn"rAruarsri'u6aa)

John is the tallest boy in his class.

/the + most + adl. adv. (ffn"rririifidasr^rsrsrifrl'tt)

{..i,*!sn tl John is the most handsome boy in his class.
Fl'r1,rfl1{Flrofl?OtflsrF^ts{ er (,Vr-unar) rTa "i,""".'-'
nredfrlrir ;
*5r' est (rh4s4n) frrarir

tuargurflsu i shorl shorter shortest

iAdut:../ Adv. young i younger youngest

r. r r., ar..
| 2) ri.rxarsri'rdnaiifi deyrf,ss#u 1 fri shdzna 1 n"e tr1rqerm"adynn6n 1 m-eriau

big bigger biggest

thin thinner thinnest

/3^\")J rirfrasflretdts -er /-le tr1rau er l,v,Jest Brlola{?tletora -y 6asnJ6an

y rflr i fiaa

happy * happier ; happiest

simple I simpler simplest

4) il tfiusr-sr more (#r+ndr) ndo most (thasa o) nriTri'r

F i more useful ! most useful
; more quickly i most quickly
useful

quickly

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