ตะลุยโจทย์ Basic Grammar (1)

Exercise 3
u-fl 'slnce' niio'for' t$rttttsnrielil#

1. fi 6 oe-nesrufr urirurn n-utu*s dufi eo n-ufi"u rlfl nnar (for) nars-ilufrr
2. d ar asa"utrilfifi e:unq ar"naia uuaauilnns-r (for) uruufir
3. a-u"lu'lfifirhngnr-naiaur,aafiusi (srnce) n 2oP
4. atunn#rusi (stnce) uf,rnposi'uf

5. ilanrar'lfifaerunrma"snqufitnaa$or) il1ilulfl
6. naia$"lfifeeunrur*a-sua#rwi (stnce) rdar+4arnuiliiufia
.7 ilaurirosa"illfiugissr$n"%il'uflnna"r (for) 25 -ilufia
8. fl$1sras%1{q0riu#r+"lfiusissrun'uu, #ruri (stnce) 2005
9. +h1fi'fea$iils1ilfisd{shee) a'ufi arqfitnt

10. u-nr5auneirdtfidtmu-s6lan-uilrfiusi (stnce) fiT Tusrf,rufia

Exercise 4

)u
unenf,1noilxQnn0{

1. nau{o c qnrorffinErfurna'sornfrq@ ar
2. asroufra dolafinruiinfstar{dtfitlu6r.".aurrtfr reiou'itat'tfr (weeps) rauo
3. cnarffo 4ouuidratnanta'fuad (ts sleePlng) aeiraunaur+s
4. bnorffo a-utriarnranaan'lrlffrruon'lfi $reT ca'uetth$rilri66q (have not flntshed)
5. bnauffo a-urhdsq:fl! (am seetng) 4orngra{qrrehuqs# alnecd${anrrutolqnrlfiut't
G. bnarfia fiuflrpra'suanfkrrdnprurle:dtnelndn#q (has succeeded) lnnra-tluttr4nuvu
7. anorfra lnfufihatota"ulh(goes) {T sruTosan1neldre{esdrfl1s
8. cnat{o do4r*il'Hmrufr (have done) 4ororoo;oan}le1nfiosdtfi

nr4atowi BASIC GRAMMAR 153

9. 6au{o a q rxal@ a{oh n r a ni m o u fiIil r+Ia n r a t o s 4 or ii o & r,r u n' rr 1{

10. nor{a a s{rl1ila1fl1?rf,T riar+fr qrxo;sanh (go) ffisuan

11. narffa c dnfrtrer pr udtfinnmilrr (tras vrcnea) fr 11 uu.nr ara oa'rufie
12. srarffa d 16'r uradra"rficr?o[r (ls conslderln g) n,rer a # ou cirufl r+s I as q-fi

13. narffa d ah@rimnrreernrrrm'sucimaunen4rnariiaimurufi e

14. flau{a a nasoh rfiqnlgoes) aarTan

15. qarffa a ilatoilurirdr{o ftas Just bought) riTura-fltrei larririra-rarrfsoqjiir.rhTr+nauf,

16. ihl(gQHauffo a r,,rr n ul uffr fi+ 6s uuaTrr n #rl o r tia y d a s pr evs

17. qailffa c uenrardralrfi (are havtng) narardunduruadrrurnn"ui6Tarnarf,(nei{una*f

18. qauffa a tre6urdarrn (eat) unsfrouacalrrasirslnrnurcriifieatrofiniau

19. Hauffa a d"rr a u r a sq rufi ndn (smel Is) fi aukaer fi 6ee r["rn a u o Jtatr6 a

20. enorffo c a"u rltrnrs{Sq (ha v fl n I shed) 15 a ria er ufrr a"ilfl f a u fr e y'[rJ un u ui r+ n-l q or
21. Hauffa b andrerasilanrarfi prrrurirfi'6 fl aiauqndr (remembers) "lfr'lndsrlnoeirr

22. c,,a:Uilab +"ud'm1rrh (am cookln g) a,nrrauffr a g'l*, a ud E n dn orq4 ruri osTfl eu rldtfl e.l
23. qaufio c adruarru-qf, anrdr#u'lrl%suanu-uUhilrra(do_lolbelong)qrx

24. na:uila a {{rrludsfi arsntr naiautn (speaks) nrurara'rrld nrurdnluuasnrrrgoeuir

25. sraufio d fl ?nt?@ rirnotrasurnmtfl r+mardasrnauufrr

26. fiauffo c e*n-unauf qnrng@rinruyrusfr"ufi rudordtre'rrdn1

27. aa:uila b *oafuaqjdtnu" *urrdrairdou (ls repatrlng) anrotrrracrluTamn'

28. Houffa c a"ua-nnruerilnfi6asfi"'a"riHE{haveseen)u-r+urdriafr'.rnrvsu5r

29. natfia b dlfi )a'ulsi ar u m n a a n'[rL m a u
ahdralree (a m wa r t n g fdrtfl e rflr^r ri'ru a qi

uf30. narffa b e n'fir H a a"uft"lrifi (have not had) Ta n.rd iie s nare d ail {a u afi-ra'r

1,54 A' {nr"oatri 4nroirg

Post Tenses

Exercise I

6an1ftrr past slmple ralrrisrlnNdu

1. t(ruen|-rl iiufr r a"r+h
rja v wr rl a"s n qu1u rirsriu n q nu"n ai a

2. *rhtfln (was) fisiiirtto6sl

3. ahag' (was) n"lrdantasa"udasnil

4. flrnre1rBJgilifl (vlslted) aoruiiiirlT au1qal'lnil,rel

5. lu1n1rf,r uanua,6'n (walked) lilmruntntttmssirs{un?{aanoail

6. lup1ufiu uenuerllil-(rued) tfierear"t

7. aTnrrlnvu6 (was) adrsuTurlanle

8. xuLisn (dtdrotroh) urnnir'la

9. udnrnrar'lfid$ (sa\d {sfiur"["rfraeasT u

10. eot@ drsr'nnqou-naiar+iiai1+rurdltutia

Exercise 2
6en1ftl past slmple niio past contlnuous ro{fYt-go1dHt2'ilall

1. a'r+tn (saw) nraurisir-%uudrlaalfluprfsuennar+da'urirdla, rfgeg' (was llvlng) tilfireadn
2. elndratnn (was ratntng) 6r-{uvuilenr?'rosdntnle (dectded) dotaqid,unaanfl'sdrsilrer
3. eilrhsifi (were you dolng) oJlenaudqtHutqrn-n{H (haPPened)
4. a-urirairis$ (was wrtttng) Eman-rddTmrasa"r+aqjnaufrteiau&na-(ealled) urtrduuaE
5. urnre.rn',ratrtio (were dtscus$ng) rlqrT rirr{r+iirirsruaqinauiiTtunaduraaulJsmed)

lorqan"turntarfieEl

6. uauoq{'dratr-um (was drlvhg) tasilesurflnoufrentasn'ttn (htt) fiuld

nrqaTovrei BASIC GRAM 155

7. teiauFn (was) qntqn"uli'reilln6seunesr&neior.r'lfiri,rufieri"rr,rruin (dropped) uazdu

(started) 5or'[ri

Exercise 3

GenHgrr past slmple r6a past perfect relniisrl$r{du

1. dauiiaheucrn (!eft) ertrtnsla-n a"il1ft6$xt1il (had been) ilegrrri?.te&r6afirer#su5a

-2 u,{fifuJhad he-drunk) rfi sdtilfi ienufiariariiu,raenqrn 0eft) ait'[r.r

3. noufiilantermf,r (got) iitiru urnrerrfin (saw) 'jrtprer.rlsor$'lfiqnEn (had braken)

A

'ril't$,t
lilv

tfl
0 fl ftilfl J taeJt neo

maa tt-r+n n

4. +h@ dra-u'lfiriru-sramen-nr os ahdrunrs (had Iost) qunas fl's a'u

nsrglu (trted) dqsars uQu Fi,r arfl rerir iin-fi Fr.r Fl.r?

5' nar+fitrnuernrft (arrlved) iiri,urasfidau r.mnrardnrru (dtscovered) .imaiau'lfr'

rhernte (had coo ked) fi"a ri.rlihl'r^n n rer fepl Uia s ufi r

Exercise 4

1. norfro d ahd'dlerufi (was takng) qa$fi oorTflas{rflr

2. narffa a frtrenrorq'uleirrahLqlar.turriauuasqunesfltH,r:hlGorl{uent) iiu'r+nr'oiriiufia

3. marffo b tTaoud'mtFn (was feeltng) trsurn ucin6iau"lfin"a8u1eiiquaan'hlffrsuano_ci6

4. norffa b a"uframtr(wanted)fr os'hl.i,rerd"ruciil"rn'urfi uil.rnrfi u"[r.t

5. narffa b n ou f-iloa"uuu t u nf.sal uan rai a udrdlEn (was standlng) aqjiia;ufi as

rai o

6. narffa a nru iln n-ufieyaarisina usiru' o6 unrdtr (read) n+i'sfr a

7. qouffo d ua urnrasJnnan (used to getuP) usirfl1$r' am oiliinria ur'n a qj iifi
8. nouffa d
ullu"uarnrfi q omfi a'ld'eanlrjuf,e (had al ready l"ft) n a ufi a-r+ur n-s

9. narfra a eilnhrfl€rhffihod(wereyoud naurfr,rlersrf,rru'ar.uf

10. marfra d rlilun ; nr rir
a u n rn--eq n rfl u'i rl n e#n n u'[6'trEuJhadLaken) fi r+-s f, a r a s n
fi

156 o? {nfaanf lnroSrg

11. natffa b n ou n-,n zu l.lrreur a urlratftg$ (was studyl n g) nrtr a"lnqtoqi

12. norffa a ?rnr?ftl{rfl a1rrfl 1nmu1ilfl asilannnrdied$ (flnlshed) rdaeaefr1usiizuruan
13. narfia c nor+iia-udTdqq(waswatchlng)Tyren?trf rfr asn6srta;4fi oil-i

14. fiouffo a nn{a (bou g ht) a nfl u ei'o"il'ln ei d a 16 a u iiu6e usi n{ri tFi o tr a t uh u r n wi rla u"n
15. nauffo b a'u ua rri"rh q n'tu a: ntu t nu ii a'tdT ft rh (wa s cookt n g) ar tratf,r oqi

16. notffo d qr t as+--u{ur{# (had been smokt n g) ufl uueard6r-r.lufien a udurT r6n4ttr+d4a

17. Hauffo a a'uhildhtldtdnl-eall) rnr 4 ord arT r+fi' u,ar gtnaFfnfr os a"*Gler
18. fiorfra a urrrira-seaenToradrarlasdrfl T saqjnoufr urnloartrfrs (attacked) u$r

19. nailffa b a-uufi udrqntrarasa-udratnenna'u(wassleePlng)ahdsn"er8utq'laiilqnulr

20. eauffo c rdaelrfi"renua'r'[rla-sfifianinr"rliiu"reillsu?isflfr{dflanre'r'trina'1il6fft{h€dn'f

vlslted) rioutrlT#

21. notffa d riouiirrnua,r'lto1 ndoulfiea (had been waltlnd uenrarddn, fi eolrlrfl uuaar

a'rarfe1usufir

22. nau{o a er 6atn ru of Tn d'u t? dnrru (dt scove red) n-e r.t o nr6nrtu-rl a.Ft. 1492

n@23. Har{a d reudaEiiid{udarfioudufir fr r1uuaariounrirf

24. notfra c *.Cr* (t "a *.ftt"n) ennursfi'rau-un-s{o-onTerior*ftud4otnrfilfia"rnrenatnd't
25. notfra b
ndauriraithn'tlndseT n (was cleanlng) frosil'st6irleauf,tffiur?lcrsur.lan{unre"r

26. grou{a c +11'tfidE ftad aSked) ?{2ntfl'tttltl'11{artrerirtarapre'triaufiurntrr'lfiHounnal

27. 9',a:Uila c q *r, q ntu na. Er"[fi64n (had-leek€d) rJ e; q 1 n t'r u ri a u due n nT a a n'[rl

28. natffa b uennnm(came)tdsufl ante1fi aretp,e'sfl a$fi ilenualarrflsa-cfl uffi osu6arn"r+

29. crauffa b ofiitu{uenr)'lTari"rlnfr+'lurieri'utqnamiiaiTuerT

30. natna c 4nruanS{fi"fiarnra{yts) traaeirsquuaufr o-tdu5r usin6iailfftfirrfl traToEI

dnrgeolufir

sraqatoYrd BASIC GRAMMAR 757

Future Tenses

Exercise I

rn-ur.tflIsn1f;afl gmrifrra'wtll'ua:niisrr'qnfrertundar

1. A: prr*asrnflruoibfi

B. aruq:ro (wtll have) uquriitn"rflane'l

2. A: muaiff, nrrfi aau #ufi"uaicjs rura-uois 1ua v o dn1ilfi a s ne-r8

B: od1n"sra1ilr,asac'u arue;fr{ar$ (wtll do)'lfruaiuor

3. A: 6ra fiprunonfs qnrrira-reolnaoqjniontrir

B: td ahaodrtruoerrira-rurfisuA'rua a-r+esfln (wlll open) il?e,r,{

4. A: ri,r'[u4rxorralripTprr.lufern6"ofirrir1ai;

B: 6u aheilildsil (wtll vts[) nrda{laaard'ari"rriruuSalfiiu

5. A: q rr0s,rnenrruotrrari,r iiri,ru +'ruuar1n qaudasfi"n-u'[nu aia

B: rfiunmaraoiifi a"ue:rh (wttl brtng) "teritilfrae

6. A: qu"u8fiErrhaanumrnmdosrilflmndra

B: lq r*^l n mr6a sri au ua ; a"uesTrnf?sn (wt l phone) u6,rtrrh ii prerru rr aa on-Er

Exercise 2

rn-au*Taolf;gngtnffiaa'wt I l' r6e -won't, ua:n6arlnal6t

Iesu5atsitle:rfl$ (wlll schools be) niulalr+ar.nnn Tnn? dsaglua-a 14 -rJua;arrflaaqj
lunqsaouoau fipraratproufiudrTesrsetunre:fia'nrog (wlll probably be) unnciltaanliladrsilln
ernltltSErulllfloquh ""ufinp{il (wtll go) Iesr6s%u6i#{nrriasflu-re-l.rwi.nrvu Ea rnlfuo-qrd uan
utmsf?s$ (wlll work) frterun6ornaafierqaddlrsr6sr+ usiilrnuvrerhifi (won't have) nrerjruuas
4rur"t,'unu.ae:rfl$ (wlti be) riuar+oi ahaod{asrAeruear+r'hlr6suulnn.j{ugaufi- usiarfl.aqELi
(won't be) oeogarrn"

1s8 oa. {na"oanf lnrofry

Exercise 3

tdenlillliqnfrar

1. A: "4rxfiasnratfra"urira4r*1ru"

B: "tai torqrxna"t ear{%q:riag (ls golng to help) ,{e{ros'

2. A: "4r*fiasnraeYrdrr6anruilEnalr'

B: ""aruesra (wlll have) nruilufied'une1"

3. A: "ri,luqnrdrdrudflsi'rrisrosqn+ei;"

B: "aruq:flrr (am golng to have) ortmnarsrinn"tqndTeralnqirasaru"

4. A: -a'u,ftfl ufr'asilan-uaora-ilfi"'
b: --zuilfl 'ra{s&aaitfi.ur,rnufi.1r*u orrfi' urierruqsndunr (wll l be) lun,rafl a-s'

5. A: *uarunrerasqrxdmaht'unqnuhaiou6oaJta"

B: "+-ueihdeil (am gotng to vlslt) ilauaitasa-'ulfluraardardrua,-uuavqc'tilfiorif,s'tilfiaeodn'

Exercise 4

Je

6On619eUllQn9A.{

1. bnarffa ahd'rpqthahcj[rra (wlll call) rrqr*r"ufiiia"u"tfidtrireprmeashurfi'rs

2. dqouffa narfi"rosaiurqrf nouc:un (ull be flyhg) aqimfiaurrdegteuonuaufinesn'jrs

nra6nrrs}luadgl"%

3. cnor{a nesrttlr6iruvuqfiri"rrr+-nrurn a'nes6a (wtll carry) rlru*s1t1n#r+1frqr*uas

4. cnaufio frasiltTfiuradnriau qrxrrn'jratne:nn (WIl lt r€tn) lnu
5. bcrauf,o *a6{frosnraundrn-rqr*' *nqnmronroadrarare;Trm (wlll cal!) trtoan"r+fifr'jTs'

6. dflarffa riauqr*o;nairur rdautar4nrnsqsaen6$it (wlll have left) }Juerfir^tadrfieru5r

7. cgroufra il?nr?1@ 4nraqjnouiiankanfis

8. dnar{a "ililn'nsrauf,rr6oTuruqsfi"u;' ""talvrufiter arue;rirat{rlr$ (wlll be worklng)

nouf,tu6nTus'

g. caor{o *a-unecn,rprli"'rerrn" "arue:r'r (wlll gel) adlarur1fi4rxdu rorldnniari"rtrfids'

nrqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 159

10. nauffo c nailrfidne;#flftt (wlll start) nousrtusnar

11. natffa d nar*raoaeifr fi rdruratosa"uqsna'!flr (wlII return) luEnErLuT fi

12. nat{a c utn"uiianT fiu;! a"ue:slail (wtII be weartng) G"ou6nrnn3uprs

13. norfra c rirkr q nr"[+i l alfiq il dasais a"uunledrmrq:des (wt Mel p) q or

14. narffa b nfiitTdruqrfi fl anre, eg$a$mEsnsm (wl I I be lylng) u il{1trfl ,ts na a o r"tfu

15. norfro d uuuau'imrnreTqlLitd$l (won't have flntshed) sruri'sflunriaurearfi"rosfuuqrf

16. Hauffa c nqorroeirnan6suu'oqoru,rn-sdd qnras+"uegrhs1!$a$rCiJsti (wll be sleeptng)

17. notffo d d.n-,rr"tu*u ^n"r"lri..n (*on't 1.""")'trt'lruToa'leifi 4ol
18. norfra d 4 nru, rE'uuaru'lfif,Bilqs d amrq:'tdlfi{r (won't be dotn g) a Jtedd.ro-rglnea n

19. nar{o c a-uoo'jrnresiler(wtllfl nd)drsrufihrautqdourrlnir--ull

20. norLffo b *a'uoan}lnrsr+an.tru1fi urerca-$1sifirtilrag' "acit4eo}luas +he;lffiu (wtll lend)

rtr+urinnuas"

21. Hor{a c nour6erTus ilrnuaT c:rfidtaa (wlll be waltlng) nSost-urasuanntdnrrsarrn-s

22. norffa d otinratu 4n #r.t r6n tler n uq"qflfim (wil ! have spent) rtur oqnrrrar o'hlufia

23. narffa b aha!&JtuflLsend) SmarrprornhqEiah'ltnsTasuaudahrff ru-n

24. nar{o c urarfJl)[auerd a unri, a"uqsrr6nrfl6$ (wt I I be enJoyln g) n"rfunq nr'naio r+

25. Hauffa d raTfl uilsuFiiluurnaufriTrus"lulfi aruc:drotd$ (wtll be playlng) {nrLoanhrdoul
26. srouffa c nlgc[)uuralof9irasilnri, eofue:rfiduw^-n (wtll have saved-)r "u6HE-l-fiprarnu-snduoaaard

27. narila d ocirlvrenra'uasfi'irsraaruilorTnsn-sriiss ahcgrha'qrhm$od (wrll be workrng)

28. nor{a c a"u pr adran t'rar asfl enuares (wl ll be) eeaua;fiii a6asl$#ni'1.ifl il{
29. narffo c ahe:ri?s (wt I I he I p) 4 rx rh fi d ah rf rler ee n ra fi"66e f,"u
30. narffo d nrs1urdss ilanuere:rrlfid$ (wtll have flntshed) n-rnreuiumufid

160 n?. 6n?GNl.[ flnrQ?ru

Possive Voice

Exercise I

err.t"aanEl actlve tf;iflnEl passlve

1. This activity will be done by the children.

nane?ilfl se0nfl 1 [nau??a']nn"l

2. The ball was thrown by the player.

qntaalfiqnth{oa{uiu

3. This book is studied by these girls.

fl il--sd 0taeJ 1{n n a'l % [aelmntJ?1 6u{1fl 41il

4. A good meal has been prepared by the cook

nfratnrefi"a o a o u'lfi q n r.tq sTo a vi a

5. The dishes were washed by my wife.

o'ruqn fiT sTnaneeart a s a"$

6. The bread is ealen by the dog.

tuuflsonfiuTaa{n"t

7. The robbers will be arrested by the police

Teeer q no't q uTn Eit61nfir d sirem

8. This house was built by mY father

rr utra-'suond't1€fl il [n go ol1'101 a{ ilrr

9. A decision was made by the managers.

n T a n-n fr ulo q nf,"r 1 aTa et uaa rnfi tl"'n n ra

10. Four books have been written by him.

tr ut f, a ?i ui ulfi q n rfi s ufr1{To a urr

11. This tree was planted by my grandfather

fr u'tfr fi u dtfi q n r1 q nTo a q rurl t o I a'u

12. Tquhmet$asc4l[cneiqdneilunttfl-'wulaostasfineneunrnbilryelseveral people

EnzqalcYrei BAslc GRAMMAR

Exercise 2
esrtdanqil passtve Ifrlflfl?il aclve

1. Peter will wear this sweater.

fi'fl rn o de s d e il 6"a n-r+ r r+m n-r

2. Mr. Green teaches the biology class

Friln?ft6ail2{,1{2afls,l

3. The thieves stole the money

Tq e n a r er pnr rTu s r, u'hj

4. The children have done the work.

6 1Yledri"rlT urd.ideR."%u5r

rdn

5. Tom is going to see that film.

fl aars rtilnl?ls $ ndr6or #il

6. My sister painted this picture

1,t61?1ASil1-[21A?U1{

7. Many people watch this program.

9a li3t 1 ft 8l1El o?,tEl fl 1?1-{v
il FI

8. rlames will send the letters.

re u dq r6ise a fi u,rcrilrn fi'

9. Paul organized the party.

ilaaso{,11{[afl{

10. Millions of tourists visit Paris.

ulilr+"n ri o s rd fl r fl a,r s 6,r u o rE' Er a{ t il n ar il 1T d

11. An architect designed our house.
d ntl rin frm u's16'a anurufi1ilfl 0 {?,r2fl r?,r

12. Steve took this photograph.

dHll0mnl?t1{oi

762 6tf 4na"oani' 4nrofrg

Exercise 3

rcr-e$iTsnlfraaporifiaaErJ past slmple ua: passlve re,{fl?^go1d[tt2.Qlall

traaarnu'lfiQnr,rurfin (were seen) naurlnqnuffr}.ttutjtuta-stu*uuunt uii#r+aTrfaaqi

m'o6u# rfirrri,riisireeoQnlrra6sn (were called) rarfllntrlatlfisodrmrnrsruTn tTafitu*lQflq"u

lXlwas caughfl 'lunhfi {rs6nnuru*sralnfltrl usinr,qnfllgl-a (was found) 'ltlaiflr tranus{

gnrlrda (were taken) "lrlEr-ran']fisireaqiiiirilrnurrQnderelr$ (were questloned) uennirTotr

char@r6rfi ri'rd girarq ilrsfi fis trad a s nr ufi"Qnnd,nnr (we re lu fr a nrtqaneeu

Exercise 4

GanrlT naudqnfror

1. cnarffo ru-l;larreiru3ngnffi (are used) Tnc'r"nfesn,ra{},rafltr.

2. dnarffo ri'nfaauiira6aaaarn{dffifir{wos-glven) tunraf,nmtu"rliiu5r

3. dnaufio frfrtfia-urou6renrirda (were taken) dsTesvrsrilra1nerudtrririio"t$rfie
4. cnarffa enenrni'n-r+#r+en{t (ls drtven) tna{rfudfioariu

b. cfiaufia na'snrrasoraraQnilrlf;rasnrg (was damaged)'lurt4auurqu-nudadasdrur"triou

6. bnarffa ornrerirsl"lfiqnetfi{t'$ (have been b,t|t) tnflnrndr€"lff

7. nat{o d u-rt-ilufionTnuaclfiotoelilen%'$ Tnaqr*aratas+"u

B. dct ailffa +"ulfffu (om+Uve-n) tastfrgiiudtidu'tua"urfi atas+1u1n1-rJ

g. cnouffo e@ "lrler-ssruf#es rir1u4or6ilultdv

b10. nor{a m6ase'nameirfi"gdf,lere used) lun'reardudeuilesnaualn,arirslr{'rfiean"r+

c11. nalffa ilrnulrQntq (were told) tfrag'lurhutuaatrjrsdufinu'rq

d12. Hailffo ri"ril6xrorurn,nde (s drunk) lue;t'iTsnredsuris

c13. Hoilffa qnlQndr (were taken)'liltes6erilloeran[oadreilasd']flrr

d14. nar{o fi?iad1e'tarf,u'tfiqnfi{ (has been hlre4 Tosflu-sBafiufidnesan6uaare,trfis

nrqalowi BAslc cRAMMAR 163

15. Haufio a I*rrsrur16'ea-u'l?ililacdunleornreri.xrulairfludsiienu-so-u.hfiolfi (ts requtred)

16. qouffa a fr aml as a-uends (was sent) 6 uar ailey nar n ur n-u,a" ar.,r* '

fi

17. qauffo d qrE*qdruar+*Tnqnrtfl f;rn-nrsn(arecaused)Tnsnrefuqiiia-ufl erel

18. norffo c r1u ri'ls Ie (were cance led) Tn e fl rsil fl .ri ilfl r a-er r% a sq r nlai fi ff(auan s

1lfiengn6'n

prarardu1quffr??aJutEr

19. narfia c %"nr5g unn n %q;'lfifir (wt I I be g t ven) ii ar,l'1flua ran?ait+

20. Haufra b Graruou+r)nlaonfir8"a u6 n rn n ii fi ar Er r uu r fr 4 Tn a rd a u a fi n I o s a-*r

21. narffa c s1u rusnil nq:enri'ltfrdfrti (wl I I have been com p leted) nral%raalfrrTer s

?0{tct%21.[%

22. sa\ila a tnrlec ufl Ftd fi fg' aurfnr nrau6 a n nvsila; oru1a u 6ene'nf$ (are heId) 1 n 1?irL
23. narfra b
zuan1?dou loaqrunraitrnma.snqr

fl0s?{?nt?1

24. na:uila b n rirsirrQn{T lf,unn (was broken) tn aufinfrrra { nfi s ii rir a's*i,,r^1 nr aa oqj
25. narfia c utunJ n;qnnru (ts drunk)'lufi{eisfi1s-ilrir

26. natffa a uA alfiqn$ G[as-bowht) to a il a il fl a-s e r n fi n r n nm r r-a d ar n fi uuti rr ud a #rt n r t{ii ufi

27. na:uila d qnqn#r (have been told) hloqjnralurirunaoodruf,r

28. moilffo a 4 uh@'l uu usi a v filTo suri rir tr+ t nr y fr udr r a.! rir a-s a Ei

'lu rirsfil tr g ar,fnaia u

29. narfra c n t"sf, a rl nuiu'lrem'il 0 #ulfignritr (hav e been rea4 Toa ueror il'nfea ur a surnrar

30. aorfra d {2"n tfi od'rs1'lfienft (have been wash"d) ri a r+ rirura-r rhs fl 1%

1,64 ae. 4na'oanf 4nro6rp

Conditionol Sentence

Exercise I

1

1. fir4nraara qr*q:ufllr (wtll solve) fl{Un1"[d
2. qrxoriroJta firqnrerrrrm"a (wtn) daTnfitutis
3. a'usvflrlao'hl firu"nnrn-s (arrtves) Featxa'l
4. frrarnrdfau +"u*r"nirtn (oPen) nrirsirs
5. ufinntraovuir+{mtaa firqr*nqotruTn (lets) }r?ntirr
6. frrqrx"lultmut6"ss flentineg8n (wtll be) finnr"r
7. ahovTretrrqr* fira'ufi (have) ura'r

Exercise 2

2

1. a'uenilsruG"nr firqorriru (lnvlted) dt
2. firqrxlnnru, o-snqrg1fi6 qnrq:flrn$ (would earn) lfiurnt-"u
3. anrasorxqs{T rtu{qtra firqrxttr(geve) rtuutr'tr]
4. fir4r*rlrosahaanrira-snrs ulres (would be) fi41nruufisuosn*r+

5. aruqs{i-f,n-d.Yfiu f'rTqn^rtqn (,st.oPPe-rd\ ) {r.4t"4)

6. fiTnriauurqcguo ndauestf; (would gtve) a-uuriqr*

.7 a-%qsf,"a6"au6nunnsi'xlnsi firahfi (had) tir+aqlrirs

Exercise 3

3

1. firqzuurTnaanur+ei' qr*asq;rh:fls"e (would have saved) uaa'l 165
2. il?nt?'rrr{euaqiiirhr+ firelnnn (had ralned)

nrqalerd BASIC GRAMMAR

3. fr"r+"ufdmeiautea ahrNq:dr (would have sent) oanl#lt'hindauufir
4. ,rnr"."^urrorn-s#rndrfi- fi,rurnrarrrn (had caught) an'turiiar g Truuffr
5. firahf,drqrurir#sur a"r+nNeitil (would have gone) a'rLqrxdau.rufi uufir

6.- nnrnle;l\dvcau -unmnateltudr fr'rqunaon (had fllled) urruad- ufel
7. fi1ant1sfla{?,nnre.rdsndrd Hlam:'tdlfl$ (would have been) eiraao

Exercise 4

1. firnr'tri (Unless) roTru a-uo;hi1an-rnr6nuaer

2. ft 0D qrula"narreal ilxfl rfl1q,aanuar+nrr'lttncr'leiaapror

3. fir (ll) nrioulaie"nfiostasneior+b1u{tr+asrfiau rrruueita.rfi6iauayffinTneo

4. r6nloullrdaarrerrro'lua-ur^rqsf, dretu"lri (unless) Hna{il1

5. (f)ilrn ralq Jteifi a Jleyrr un-suaa fir ue nrer'l*r'[rl-,t*.t afurdrfi n

Exercise 5

1. marffa b firufi n{nf soudl+im's'lqfen% traiaue:Liih$ (wr[ not pass) nredarprevsf

2. narffa b r*ntr drf(ate)fiT q ar"n ri,x 1 ru,rnnsu fi araeanrr os n nroa q 6 n
3. narffa d
4. natffa a ffir trei aulfiilrnr (had fol lowe0 pi.ruu clr'rr os +-ll tr ri a u nso cil rn-sr6rnd.r
5. Hauffa d
6. malffa b nrrqrhifi fl 1s'[fis1 il?ir*s frT n r'lrirde (srarts) ar awrmr+ rirlu n, u fi-
fi'ruenra,rfi us u n-n n-eu rn n-irf r^,nrerqihJ (would go) {unrilau Hd
qrxe: (wlll get) 6'ar fir4rx'leimaorfiuurnruro#

7. Hau{a d frrah'lfiqerqaoutugSq a-ilnsegrfifl (wourd have seen) fiafiouarof,
8. marfia c tr res'trirfl $ (wou Idn't be) u-n fi rh fr 6 ni u fi"uafl ft H,ilsiln? n fl o ar a dr s n ilh
9. qauffa a
4 r*o ; r^rr #rltt n"r q nr frealn u fir 4 rxhJgo) d r r s fl ,r o

766 ne. qnfoarf 4nuo6rg

10. eailffa b frT "t T r+dasnrt (wa nts) }]la s 6 fl rr +-u q c r"il e n'til eis uo a ii +t'r, m s
-"t

11. narffa d ft q rxldln{had-spoken) 1a d r s {r n ei a r+ o r q v tffdo 4 r*1rl ufir

12. rnoufra b a n 1 o r fi n m u 4 fr'r ur n ut rltil-(ruere) rii ar1ufu n e; a u"n uai a

13. Eauffa c dnrunrani-n-Prqsdfru firdnrllarnrptd (had been)

14. Hauffo b firu{ruranr (comes) ranurrfl %aatd'ra"urira"taeie;r'jrrrlatlu

15. crauffa b fr1 fi ar I a silrnuarirutr+ nevr fi" Tdtq: (wt I I be) fi Enrer {r urn
16. Hauffa c a-r+e:riru (wou ld I nv lte) rfi a ut as a-t 1n upr frr a"uarrl'a o g'lufir t refifl n qi
17. narffa d frranxrfliras?,renuerln-(had spoken) nrura-snqr*lfrd utrprsqsl6'rru61rirlr]ufra

18. Hauffo b ilauesroufl rsriasrdsaeauTan frrutrenerse"a (won) darnfi uutil

19. matffa b q odq q a'[si a a nernhsilnrula firuvih' (doesnl) ff,n 6fu
20. Hauf,a d ft amrleifi o#rgqr ur^l rdmr na ra.ru nrsq:snTfl (would have forgtven) tr1elerufia

21. k)ftnau{o b tr ei o ue s n 1 d1'[rl t u er a u6dn1u16' tr ai a r+lai e os (boo ntal5uri rfi u 1

22. aa:uila c firurrhialr'lue-uf r^n nraT qilna (wt II phone) nrutrlurirsdu

23. narfra d rloresrl,l (would you do) oJta firqolvrlneu utriiufi rulilfiretNuilr+eniles{irfl rs

24. fiau{o c fir ahlffi n-(had heard) ri 1 eil s r n eofa r n 1 rl q"il n t q v fl nau cl o m"e u r fi ael

25. not{a b frr q r*'tairfi a r+alu a-r+et6u (w I I forget) iie sfi s6 $r a fismr

26. natfra b rfifi mnn n (had) eu #n n-r+ ur n ul r o ;'[t] url a dat rfifi a
-"d

27. ciia:uila c fi rfr dmtara-ut(knew)iEnmn-uaottdauesfi"aensilsi'dno"il

28. natffa d frrurr'lfiaanuailfl 1{sr?{tlfl ttrnsq:]bir*rn (wouldn't have mIssed) rfr fl efi %

29. grauffa b ou 1u??n1At?{asilrlr{unr rtqO.-(dt odlStOp)\ c!isu4 fretdliirtlrna9'rnitt,+n?"u a-u--uq_v-1T-_fltudsFl'raae

?@30. Horffa b fi r u-n feen+m air dttte sr 6cm n rx o To e s lr ulfi uri r{ a n til't

*qrl.rri gAsrc cRAMMAR g

Non-Finite Verb

Exercise I

rgililflIaolf;enrgr*Inalflp tnfl nllve r6e gerund rasnA?d$tl6rl

1. aeirEut'nnon (to tell) riraurinnfiaer
2. "druoarhinaaoueYrir'tdf,r (maklng) nararfi nuarorirsl
3. uanuttirdrufqttmradouuh$ (to pass) fla{?,r?flrlr1
4. fl ai a r+ ri1a"rfi eranrmtailn (bet n g) durfl n r as {uaanrur+
5. fidrrrrasahuu6nmrSun"rntrdn (walklng) rilunarsdrshlu
6. nrr'laidrumndcr{e (to Uuy) ansusi'#nF]-1.r"[fi
.7 rdaqrxraSof,"un"rnrtrh (dolng) nrarit+rasnrx Trema-rry
8. udaulrosalrsihf,r.r'ledqJtil (ro go) lilahsrd
9. uilr+ruarrosa-url4ueoCn:rru (to see) +-u6n

10. utruur drhairfrnlt:.L(golng) n o r+dnnrira-s tru a qj

Exercise 2

railfficTsalfrenrgmfinatfgil tnfl ntlve rie gerund rosnis{$alr6u

1. reiauaulo'h+ntain(plavhg)wrufid

2. r^ran ur tfi o u a"utfirhjto_do) sru frtfrtr u ou nr{ 1fl

3. Jat)fl r+6"randtrsflasneior+1frCI-(tq rdaufi'aa

4. qndrsratmldtra"rntmn (comtng) ara

5. qnrnqnev4'umrtf;riFg(ta_study) ru-ns-"r+

6. rdnfftT arJe;duprarud,u$etuntrdouahn (passlng) na€rfl.r
. g)7 a-il rira-s mvsy fir nus nr n aantrlrj (got n fl ?€a oil o a r+

E o?. Ftn?-carri unrofrg

8. +-u"leidraneof'n?rnrlfiar{to-eome) n"ta"u'lfi
9. )q rxuei r a r a"ue"tlerlff n"t ntten (bet n g n"n Q"s te s

10. u6prur+sd1a-u!fui1 (lolenl) ailrdnwufudslnei

Exercise 3
$r-ertes1anlfrgepr*1na1ilErt eI nf I n I tl v dia g e rund re{fitg-o1.t,tt2.|ltall

1. aeirSudn:{a (to buy) tru"s;lafiu{
2. a-uq uhifi fl rsSuntt'tdsfin (seet n g) fl smlfl $ na"luenLael
3. rfinfitmtqnrin (playtng) !nuoata-so'tnnreu6rLiiqtu?{n0{rlrr

4.'luecr.irr fl ,ts'lr]riiastrei urnrarrq or^t'nudadeitildgil (to vt stt) q r*qst a s a1u

5. ahuf,alot're:froluds (to say)'jT qr*aatltthiinn
6. a-u 6 o.jr4 r*o vuaate nhnramn (tel I tn g) amu a-u tr"stru nt ar q oruritt't

Exercise 4

1. Hou{a c d I -t?2'1111{0El flxnmlna{x-sih.tiiilttanileg6i'lflrs%s q"ililaetfiueoilas{,rrrsrira"stl

(comlng)

2. notffo d r6n{traua;r6n{n {sri T s'ilu t atntafll (l lstenlng) mrar

3. g)Harffa d o- ulf, n ar t u*s'f 'rTer str+nrerir (dol n rn re tir u t a I ut

4. narffa c 4r*o;o'sufi ao"ltrude;fi ie$(dropptng)qane{reiau'ufi"asluneiaslfr ahnuoer
5. nat{o b qoraa, nrin (playtng) urnuriar.iT erdtru

6. srauffa c uen rarrira"s 6 odT e:th'$mq (traveI tng) Toereo'lu

7. qotffo a nttdhilnr g)pr nrfi un n ar a ii 6 riT sln u dr teYt tr +-"u
not ca( I I I n

8. noufra c a-rrn-ianriaerhiqorueirat+-utfi {to-g[e)arlrg,ma'uaan}irdera{1s%on

nzqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR L69

9. HA1l10 a rfar eo-u.)aaf;frnmfi as uvtfifl oilr{1$ (worklng)

o ft*td10. nauffa b ,r.ur*r U.E atnerir iinh fi 1 a.r?a1fl 116 %uri r nr.l*s

11. narffa d q rxrJev dr fl rg mr'lo'[n u1unratn (speaklng) nrlr a-s nqu

12. marffa c arar Eru dq:{o (to buy) q a nlfrrfi a rlrle-urfi nurtrud,r?fl a {ar}r

13. qaufra b a'u"laid.urenins6s (to waste) *a{unmilfl reru a 6u.rer#a s fiIuri 4 r*'tfr'
14. narfro c toeaaue"r*rldrflr (entertng) uTturilr+usineimdrurrlruld'riro;'le'lrrua*r

15. norffa d ahdrlffilasrdf,Jploy|ng) {n n rn a u a-uer-srfl ur6n

16. Ha!fra a r)(toao-i

ufr orrr
a s a"%rdil a fi qsriae a"%{an repa t ano-negrugu c[r a s ah

17. marffa c tdr%1srasa"%prrona"ra"utr1ril{1il@#ari4owirtiocrfl u'hl"lfi

18. narfio b qhdrer"lillfrn'unresn (fal llng) tr4arfnq r*

19. Houffa a ah6alo n1nldft (not I lstentn g) riru% s ?ir1 as n rxila r or a'u rn1ilq e n
20. narffa b
21. narffo b fllnuarrita"sqsaanlilflruamrariruonriru qrxournihftadir-(to3h) niLr,,ranrer'l6r

clhu11ud1$hsr)uilastfie|ruulri,rurnter'jr@eufisna%8sfirns.|

f22. qauffo a urnnrn"o8ulon'q;"lrt(togo)u6ardalu6iumvrfiir^rasehfl

23. narfra c '[61'r.]eofigor'netflrg (rntemuoflng) ahnauiiahrira-eilsrsrua6rrsoJlerrsacirr

24. na:uila b r^nnue'r'[r]uaugiufla-sqrnflanuartdSef"un-unrrhnrrerlge,In (cleanlng) fiasne-a
25. narffa c udnoon-Juhu6suflSnr6asntrner (looktng) q6rFr? fit^rrnutr'lrifr'asnrefiq;Eorrirnrer

26. Hailffa b aht aTnrgnri ouuri n ai o uu4rdode ggafl fiJ (to accept) il-r.r

27. na:uila c 4 rufi ar a fl a {rfl r'lfifr'.ruuvrnrs (to eat) oTrrafi'fi n auadrn aea adr

fl r28. flaufla d a { 1ua c ni o ri1 a"s 6 o n"r+drelunifl (g ett I n g)'[ u u6 a n fi n u r er

29. narfia d ttd-s{-fei 1td,-nhra-anafl {lsrasndaudr@ rnr"hf,au1

30. {fi hnalffo c qh o s r n q c rn a u q r*d (to_brlng) fi a 4 a ufi a e n-r ar S n nirrrri(n ei r o sila n ral u r fi a a

770 a? (nfinrf 4nro6rg

Modol Verb

Exercise I

,fraur;tnffira 'can','cantt','must' tlii0'mustntt'

t. A rvu-'u' dulfidfefm&anD ri1 neru dc ar arlo st as 4"1+'[fi
a.rrr1lrraset1fl

2. aJtrira-snntu-n qmfros (must) dT autasqr*"ltfira

3. uuadru+m (can) -lr+n*r+frr+1ettfi uri4u"ntiaram (eanD

4. urnrarfros'bi (mustn't) u6nnan"lff(uaaudlatar*s

b. oafi$unfle{1n ulrtridrertm (can't) kiuilrdtnriloa"lfiGurn

6. uenutrfres (must) }liior+romriufi' mnrefuifiNun"Huatr

7. urnuarfiaetrn o-snyr+urnuetdtelrutm (can) rnTuu{ueittn'r+}.1'lfitra'rcrfl"r+

8. r.l-nriastiiaafret (musf) ri, trisf ou6urn'rs"[r.tfirs$l'oilenutr'lrlgirsilesuflFl

9. mhlntaadotlri (mustn't) duah4ntaafiesfiarlotilrnurr

10. roouilurHnnrenfias roalhidurm-(can't) rTutfi"alfi usiunadfltm (can) duuerlfi

Exercise 2

1. frr-tiidar (must) nqaufradrgrulnr"lileareaLflr+fruor

2. 4or@ ilTau"lilfirs alueJteinn

3. a-litrifipaT a-r+del (must) oan'lrlufirtumrr*f n*ru'rra'uesilalnaolnerdlailerdlflrs

4. q nrdrntm (Cou ! d) e o ri. fi tt'lff(fr a"r+ n a r+ ii a"r+l+i a -a'[d[t u
5. qrxqlairiaaduaa qnrnaa (should) "lrliluuilntius

6. 3dt*irqiii,j." nriauame: (mt ght) r6unrs'lr]nqslr-aaufie ahffleifitrfi aunh

7. qnl@fiarsrqiarflFldruauurntt{dil gfl"ouacl

n;qaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR

8. fiTqrxfr'ornrefeauffroalontro-snqu'l#nriasupraia qr*d,rrtnfrar (need) #s'le
9. noardrutm (can) reitunur+a'lfreiauffrsd ah#r+n-rrrraqjrualnlfurqn{o#r.torri

10. 'r'ranuarrootrurfl (May) oan}Lu{ien6ildt6'lrru" "[6' uri4r*ftlLi (mustnt) na'rLenfin"

Exercise 3

rnlnffi :Tantf;aurlmfdaaniardrgn'rru,l:dil

1. u6nomq: (may) ilrsruusissrura{fl2flra1 uciflenn,rfflsiuu'lq
2. qnuvuarnrlaiuur a-uarutm (can) f,i'lfi
3. narasahdnrhflarlfl a"r+frer (must) frrrua
4. ahl aIfl uu a urir,rr nrerlUetrrrm{ean1) il 1s1 ur6"fl s I a s q r*Tua-uqs dt6'
5. +hnrtae: (Sha I l) f,"o ntaxu n a u6fnl#lnu a-uufi udr q nrejs ufi u}t
6. qrxnar (should) fr er'l$in"rra1euT n*iuf a-u6n-jru-ilevLfl udsfr .irsurn
7. "truoerhidrntm (could) Mir+filst%lfiHauiireiouarqfil$ril usirror+fi"rdaudtrtm (can)

I Yrd

t6t1{tooeJln

Exercise 4

1. Hauffa b darerasa,-rdretm(can)Tnnrura'snquuaanruraJr&r*la16'eraioeuln

2. }jnorfra c
qd,aJa d EI et t u uh #nr-l.r

ar"uril u rfr a s fi 6 u r n 6 a w u-r q rx oae (shou ld)

3. narffo d u"urira"sesd.ruufia a"r+d,uilnfror (have to) }]ufr'atuq ouf

4. norffo a ua uurfres (must) ff,nrd a nurer rin-il s,rrr I a s fl 6i a u-ur+rrl' aurnofs 1

5. Hailffo b 4 orrir a"s a ;}t adr s il"r fl 6 a-u stril"m (ca n)'[t n-u q rx fir alA'tn u

6. d) fHaufro c { u"n r a r a"%alrilam (cou I
n a ;Ta olfi 4 s u r n n a r+ fi u-u a.r q rTo a n dr

7. nouffo d a"ues'l$islerriufr"rttar+ri'rdanruildnufietrfl*sr?on qnrfrer (must) uorduuul

8. nauffa b uhlfl upraruaYr qrxfrer"tri (must not) uan'lpremsrfi srn-rn-u

@ oa. (nfsanf rlnreirg

9. nailfro c fi Lil r+tesfl fl rura fr n urira-sr+ a r+u'n o qj n"sriuuqrxnat (shou ld) a glu oerardst

10. crauffa b d) u+-rlnae! (Cou I q a n-t 4 rx#n r r+ a fl'ldtr fi t r s a ei r s fr dr ri'ru rfi o n-it
11. Haufra d
f q"@a-u fr as nraofl n-ilqild orru usi fi 'rn'rl4u

12. narfra d q orfrosti (mustn't) 4u1 r-oii fi uhril um n rla o o rpr5

13. fd)crauffo c a-r uula'h q rxq: (wou I a-n n 1fl Er il fi d6 a s n'u er o n d a e{ uael

14. natfra a sf'ulidffim-(ead) 6rlcrnlnra'lfr'itirlnrriar+6susissrun'un'r ut'rrflunuTiuirxrn

15. Eauffa c zururo (lvlav) fl a drfl n"u Fr rxafi aldtnar eraYr

16. natffa b -4 r*q: (wou ld) rir a c'latu d n']nnmn{uul a"u a"ufr a snreriruu ;rirt a s a rx
17. Eauffo d
qoidor-tri (mustn't) 6uiiq;rirartl?a0ne'rnunlarlmour6aTus

18. Hailffo c ilxnrfl 10 anq1na0r+Fror{F ar+ilrerdru urnnrrdsnra (should) u,lfiriifi ufirlr+r tud'

19. : d)aarffa d q rxnee (Cou I iil o n riT ci 1 strin u a eilfr'tn er ffr s1u ufi"er"%60

20. natffo b +'r+frasnta(would)iie;f,"aTnen-F{riqu6arn"r+dtilfl i{rhutara-"u

21. narfro b aul'Inaarafrer(must)prrou{ut"nrlan"snaaotaar

22. natffa c +hnsq: (Cou I d) t oi a rdartd ut u rii t t a s alu mI a Pr"[d[n u
23. mauffo a qorcg$ilould) fsrfiere'lflufi1esqil"o111etflsdasuoeecfl'irsryxnei'trirl'lfiruael
24. nat{o d ilen ralorqe: (ml ght) }L q n o u6dnfrraJut g o n n ilanteret-€'tsiunls uacl
25. Houffo c ef 'utiararm (eanr)'lfi fi u 4 rx'[6 q oru a a ; 1 o n-s n*u"ldltr u
26. narffo d qr*aat (should) rruar-ntat1tfi orfirqrufrasnrafi dtnrufr u{suas

: {fi2/. F|A\nA b q rrlnee (Cou I d) nti"'ufi r+ a'u d u #n ufi'r't6'[t u

28. crarffo c X6framrt (would) iiquhdsutuufi arlnEaudndauaqiii fi r1u
29. crarffa c esorn-afanltridrutm (eouldnl) #u1fi6nrnrda-r.tiiufia clo%fi"ilanutr6s-"turn
30. Hauffo d r6nnriruuanfi"drfitda(haveLo) fi ur+ouriou 7 Tusnfs urnutrfi t6sunou 8 Tus

*oErwqaTonci BASIC GRAM

Reported Speech

Exercise I

1. John said (that) he had seen that movie on Wednesday.

q 0fi $fl I rlv st?ctJ?a!%Ur{uau?A [ilm[1{f

a12x'ttlt't [otatnlilEIfl

2. Susan said (that) the train would probably arrive on time

tqrunriradranlr{orqe;u'tfisn?{r?a1

3. The man said (that) he had to finish that report by ftve o'clock.

trfl frfi"n 6ire'j'rucr'rof 1r{Ir.l6'a s riralas.ril#rllr1ra6e ri a % frrTusdu

4. Mr. Brown said (that) he didn"t drive a car in the rush hour.

q nrr em rfn riredttrki r"ua ntu d'rTer s ues rir u

5. My brother said (that) he didn"t want to carry my books.

riasilarar+"fl neimd,usrkifi osnmfi esfi arrl'sfr aqrara-r.l

Exercise 2
rilCe$rhltson'e"trrfi frAtnErrffi itsnr'*rArtnilri,r

1. She asked her boyfriend iflwhether he lived with his family

teiannraruiluruurasreiou'irHr'lfi orrl'soeinirnearna-rtosnntt6a'[ai

2. John asked Sandra iflwhether she was listening to him.

{re a ?iu n rer u o a,r'i r tr ri a u ri,r a"sfl s m,r a ei n 6 o"[ei

3. He asked me what I was doing at the weekend.

nnorua"il'irahecf ras'[eTHa"ilrsprdod'rln,rr{

4. My mother asked me where my umbrella was.
"qrxuainT na"u'jreutasa-iloeidt

5. She asked Tom what kind of films he liked watching.

nciaunru rau'itrr{ar{arn1ileunfilasmfllo

@ oa. 4nfoanf rlnuoiq

Exercise 3

Iildc${"!Tgodohrf, fraglrrfl tt:tand*rntrlne+dr

1. My father fold me to keep all the windows closed.

Ail?ra' u 0nilsil?1'Oq[^?'1ilo111['l9l'l€11fl 1111{

2. The robber told the woman to give him her money.

teailann'ilfl fi sff r+'r+' j'r1ridsrtulosnaioulfi uriutr

3. She told her husband not to forget to take his key.

rriatt andrfi torteiau'ir'lulfrfiurirqrguotasuit'l'hlfiaa

Exercise 4

taenfn9eufl)eQn9a{

1. Hailffad fl?flrflluanlnntatitlenutru{uguld)'leirhuh6n

2. bqau{a qrxnqtawriaunrua-udrrriausrrlsad (ltved) iiu'utr5o'lai

3. narffa a urruonq'udtt,@ nrfletufif#asfi"ufi?

4. anorffa trrnurira"sdsderjlodn{tfirrfiq{had) ufirn6aer"s

5. fiauffa c qnrnqranu6nfd n"ru3uiirrnnTfioqi

6. cflailffa qr*rltas+-unriTedrutTdn (woke) r+atusiuf,Tnqudua

7. eau{o d eadendm'irmTcitil (would go) {unmeunflui'uqsn*u

8. bnarffa 4ornqtameiar+neimdlnaiaudrritndaq (had to) rirnrtrirurrnnfu
9. narffo a qorilorosttrn6ila'irnTdretm (could) 1a'lfiarrunt*r
10. norffa c 'luri'neil,jtlrfromt (wanted) iiqshdautdoultortrr1ua,"tnqo4n#lenr{

11. bcrauffa frdralasa-r+r6ar+a-udr@ iiqvfirn'lafl1%

a12. nouffa lat-ari'nrurdsr fiirnda$'tfiaan (she parked) antastraiar'ilTf,tnt

13. narffa b uouurtona-t1flilrru-(to-meet) utudhan'rfiao'lu

nr4atcrf BASIC GRAMMAR 775

ritr read)14. FOUflO A druu n o n a"r.r'jT -r-t rm a du"n( n r+"s f, a a qj ri a u 1

15. Hauffa d uq a#n 6irad1rnrdrat6gn (was studytn g) nrur a-rnqra cirsn uhl$ I r*sr+'il

16. dh fnailffa d urr n ri r a'i rua u o gfl
gene)(had ii a u.r +r fi r{.ud a n r+*s rielru s ri a u n rir

17. Hauffa c an{lerrosalrnaim'hutrq:rlr (would do) lfi6fi4nlunradarfun-aan

18. Hauffa b urdnoruah'jrrir'lru*'nframr(lwanted)fr esr6fl r+nrulala&sstd

19 qoilffa d urnn'r neira'iT mnutrldardh (had J.!ved) aatunqrururrfl nnarutru#a

20. narfro c urrndrrjtrr@ rlaruii ad osr-u ri a r+

21. norffa b treiouneim"jrqrxrretostreia%qitil(wouldgo)rlaasfl Fldnlu'lna-uqsn-"r+

22. nouffa b ; trsnrua"u'jra"uo4lvdl dmnu"s8ofi nfqu(hadllnlshefltr6aer"s
fr

a"u'ir@23. Eauffa c re t+ust a u ar fl rarfl s tJrn u'n

24. Eouffa d rfr a ilfirur a surnrernaim,irn rxilor a srei ailriilsien (had dbd) sr' a-rlri o u
25. nauffa d fitrnri'ra'irtr ei a rlfias (had been wamrnd a-unmrurfi rndtr ur rietru su5r

26. Eouffo b ilum adn rire'ti)tr.rfilnnon (got) r1 n rf,rn our6oTar s

27. aa:uila a rriauorara"udti'rlua"uLilil(hodd0 ufisuqonursn-sreiourflumarurrrurnrr*.of,

28. norffo a 4 nrnvgr"smarsuanilanual.ir@ ilHU aa1udarr

29. marffa d a a tu on qh'j1 nei o rudrn,rmnr'td (cou Id come) tud u r+tr+

30. qau{a d Aod- r a s a"un rira'itlT q:rhnT eri, r+dfq (would have fl nlshed) ri a ufr ah urn-s
ufr o u

L76 ne. 4na"mnf qnuoirp

Adiective

Exercise I

6anl

1. u6nlnruffon1nuandr,aSnstos (deltctous)
2. ea?iiluasfl aasirsff tfi ilil-nu6sildtalqet$mt (serlous) uT nr's{
3. rrsaeirsdsnfiunsn (good) a-alufiasna''l
4. e)r?l er s 6r il Fr-? ilvilrl s qudurn (te rrl b I +'r'la?r u"ntr'lfi
5. neiouqnteatc (nervous) triau"hilfiqhdu{ealm) uaa

Exercise 2

i ndnlfrdr qorrhrfaadrtnucia:rh;IsFr

1. ?{?nn'ryr1ila'nrmint{ho0 ua;un6asdudnl (cool)
2. a'uufi etue a rilrurnrnam (long) att tu-rfi s 4 nrilr I ar a'ndfi sqilmu#2 (e lderly)
3. rfin{t{s{f,nrYqratq (nervous) riotnreaatn#rdrotu (tmPortant)
4. a-${f,nrnfinrndag (tlred) uasfla-stasa"%fiun (sore)
5. qrxngdtnm (angry) as1ntdntrsd$rn (naughty)

Exercise 3

16onltpdqnfrer

1. uhri'xnrrlflnarntc (surPrtslng) iindou'leitfiarrmu6"ers
2. }r?nrfl Tn 6 $ri,rsFninnntaa (worrled) urnn a l{iiHrhilfi n d't-ru'rtiT+
3. Tosilnau5aa-rr'l$i6nmlnn# (frEhtened) n ouiia'r'rtnnruaumdneitrfrg
4. nrauri nts t-ur"^l a a ni o uffrssT dndn (excttln g) a"r+arlnnhu"u
5. 16 n u-n fas $ 6 a d r fi nrtud a s fi'ei a u ff r srird{n-(emugng)

naqalonei BASIC cRAMMAR 771

6. -rlrn adtri uprfl fl q nunua ; urrlairafl ilo a Jhrau iinrente (l nteresfl n g)
7. ilauasusiflasa"+lFnnnte (shocked) mr'auennrrlfifiurirr
8. {tr oarff,nnrnrfrn (exclted) u rn of l 1 n-rnre}l rJeyrr pt drfg.ouu6n,t
9. fahfrnar-nnfr (dtsappor nted) n"il nrlrs$ qdraas a-r+ nro mfslTdr uhe y 6 ndrf

10. riT'[uqnrdsonrfiautiilnru'onurs (bored) aqjuaua f,irras4rxnrru'o Cbortng) urnofslrao

Exercise 4 nefinlE)t1t a1?011i1T [119fl [nEiuarfl a nulctu
ft'*Flr?-'r.r1ns?fl tl[q]ld%YlElauaua-Jdntumr
riiardrn'urhrlomhrritnardulfrgnfi'or
uu prln frr'lnar 8uq s fi fi a1 nruils
1. The wonderful new Thai restaurant fir u ras6 u o'rarrirurifl d€'Ifi ni
2. The old brown wooden table
3. The expensive red silk tie {r{sdmxrrunln6f(e6
4. The big old Chinese house
5. The nice young Korean woman

Exercise 5

rSennhneudqndel

1. narffa a nmflunffiranrarre*fiadrfi"trdnfr (exetng) urn
2- bqauffa fid'Hnloreornttlnsdn1us;a?oa (nrce ltttle That) aqjiir-ealar
3. cnorffo frrrernTrdsdsfrnfin (porsonous) uffr'lrl rera1qu3sflin16'
4. anorffa q6raun.rn6ardarufiu{ffiiu'urdalofin.reriiqr*ff,n
5. dglouffa fl"rliirrxaunr+-sfrauiufi"'uhnrdutq (tnteresflng) urn
6. bnauffa ost;n'mrCr (careful) ufiauufi" u-ufau
7. anarffa Teriuqrtir (sad) errn rfinaJlef,hn'unntria
8. bnotfia a"unqdruhriauffTorrfiu, ntq (embarrasstng) iiorfroslorionrirnejarnu
9. cqauffo a"uuhoaFnil*trilT (nervous) 1r+dotrnraofrrrdsoarlneilaqjr-ioaoe's

L78 oa. 4na"oard lnuofq

b10. 60u{0 dfir^tqmfior.erh?fl (aDgpy) na'se'rniiut'1"lfifiudriiriastr€llasu$1n6im

11. natffa c dtletasa-il6oyjrnranirur$-s;lafiuftfludrf,nrnntlq (dePresstng)

12. narffa a 6n{n{r1narrnnflqile-nnqtrrsnriinir{nniannlnri (handsome new Amertcan)

13. nouffa c ahtreft'jrerudulorna'jrahqfirdnf (attracttve)

14. natffa b flaaFnente (lnterested)'lr+fir{rlnrJe;unt

a15. ooufia fiu6asris (loud) 6ia6r+f, qr*"[6fiuu"u1nu

c16. aot{a tttsoe'snren-ttenmaunarl6ilorstfl%dsiiaingfls (dangerous) a{rn

d17. qauffo 4cxqslasa-'u6n'j.rn,er6r+lrtutttfludsdnrnionoara (relaxlng) urn
a1g. narffa ufin11nnut*fufaar+u'usirsn6aroarn (lntelltgent)

b19. nar{a rdaurjrucras+:%ugiss'tun-ur{selratrarfrrCrsnqe (beautlful young Greek)

uda'hiuruu,f,

b20. nalffa dmdrlrargnuufir nrarirduorrr+arqLiluilradtnqenfiln*siirirrrrnn# (scary)

c21. Bau{a dufrnfrnrrUle (annoyed) uaarii'ru4trlttftu#,ro,tra

a22. aartila riosdmtara--r+a'ru'ldu8"ofiriientg (Urrgtrt) aqiueao
a23. claufia uagrritn{aaanursurutratmfudarenur6saffidm (beautlful sllm Brazlllan)

b24. natfia rirs{nfrrsrornra?irstrluusiasrifl reiar+u-nFnnueum (exhausted) aqirioul

a25. eoufia uorlirlaurnuvuq{rffiaa (deltctous) a"u,ad'nqnldtts{

b26. fiou{a a'rfrnerudn (confuseo dolpra#nerunrurirnruarnl

. a27 na:gfua dolrntanfudr+dfiasnrentenaaqdouadrqqiqC{ (sertous)

c2g. $ouna nra'tils'rdnTrf,(vailrirsnrdnrdn (exclttng) oqimua lunu*slfiufiuflr
c bla2g. narfia u6trreruauuqrtu-ea*fiil*r1u6nr (small

b30. marffa lr+rltuunpldneYgaurinr ortrmfitrnrkiurm (exPenslve) nid'uluqTerl

nrqalerri BAslc cRAMMAR L79

Adverb

Exercise I

6atd1n"rlrJdTanrtfrqnfror

1. Peter has never been there before.

-rlun oe'[ainEilr.tiiri$errri auuaEr

2. I usually buy vegetables from the night market
i-lu%evlnXtar{una1' {'ls1n malonalsFt% oEt6e{a

3. We ate our sandwiches extremely quickly.

uanr?lnruu"duri5tri'r+aeiternrSrurn

4. The girl was slightly injured in the accident.

n.d-n?aa tfi rUalsev$l?uularaud tand traeaernqtEu.6mn

5. I was totally confused by everything in the lecture

ahf f, n#tauIoaf,"urf, sn-u1n6is1naei,rsfr lfi rfu elnnrauaesra

Exercise 2

tfiilildlsatfieqroitnalfldrr'egtnesrdrtngrJdpnfi er

1. frErunreirfi?ra-sqned,rsu,r1 (quletlv)

2. ddral os q-rld.ril1?n?{afl .lu,r a-snqu'lfiadt6 (well)
3. srlri.ra"s$irlfi Frfaddi{or{nleelg
4. u6nlrira"s#unheshfinnu{r (happrly)
5. urrdrnrerirresh{f,auoeu (carefully) a{rua
6. oolneer"renes'rdr1 (slowly) urnndrf,
7. t.raratauod,r.tranrfr (raptdly) nrn
8. qr*ngnrtnred,rrtuTr (angrlly) u,rn
9. a"* dr u re n rir ur,i?r n n-n nvs rl u o *r air dtfiodrsiraoraJeaory)

180 ne. 4nfoanf 4nrofrg

10. uaa ri'rsruaeitnrin (hard) urntusl"'tufl ilss1u1fl si ta lulr

11. 4r*ilotasa"#soei+tmnr*r (fast) uT n

12. ur n ur r trvr { ti a u nr ut a-s n qtathqnlqiittaret y)(se rl ou s I el 1 n

13. ohrfi u fiaen-u q nmrlrufiadleomplerely)'lur6 '
ar fi

14. nai ar+*r"nlnaei'xruT 1 (softly) n"tL 4nl a staia u
15. darrr astrei aurir+'leto fiulfiadtlnrrr: (ueaum lly)

Exercise 3

1. usiruauoefufr1 (slowly) uaJteidrnranmT ur"unassitr'tfi
2. lu ri'u6 o n rirm or1rff o a araeiruetoot (ca reful ly) uda iiur, q s'lfi aataitr
3. 16nfitrererasrfiu'j1hifianflrrei'jr-uairililr nlqsdrurenffrernurl'lfiedtlaanm$aU$

4. f-i;arfiiss,dttrnucir (qubkly) u{rrf,uf'suastusnraudsfl"il
5. r?41 l.rfl a€?'Hllqsn a-uo rrira-srirsruoriT tfi nra'ruclr (haPPl ly) oefl udr% l a s ah

Exercise 4

1. notffa b ?6rfl0{ili{rdErHiaa'r1{il a-ntm-s'ilrirsdruren'daaru"u'lAoaimoufo-(+rcttv)

2. y)natfra c a'uf f, n dt d uod'nfnrfu (co m P I ete I n-u rirn r u fi a 1 n $ a { 11' r
3. Harffa c rdanlr as a-uuas a'$d a ilffi'ruiilnrtrr a-snqulfioi't{.-dteotGas!.|y)

4. Hailffa b y)fi T q orr-u e n srirtr.t?gurfl (rec kl ess l 4 or o r o il a; d t q t?nr 4'tfr'
5. adt6 (uell)Houffo b vq-rl t o u fr q s ki r 16 a r n a n ua v rirlfi {n u t"ruer a"r+uei ru6 a s n a n'lfi

6. crouffa a q r*il a t a s +'u rir m u aeirqn$"n (ha rd) u m ua s fi ta atjr s ria nel el r

7. Harffa b oar omrir a'sd asua sodtente (brt ghtly) t ufr arfi rTtes

8. mauffs b ar*fras#slqaeirserrnfrrqrxfr'asnraiiqs{Turtfilnt-o#(rttfiodtgndac{eorcetly)

Enaqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR

9. Hauffa d qr*nea6rruqt+iiruorruraodta:u6sn (carefullg

aitilrn10. Hauffa c a"r+ d o "j rst T n a r n"r n,r u #ulfi t r ry a al n (ext re m e ly)

11. narffa b ev ; qohes edfar| h€+ln?fl

fr r"uft
6ol y)n w
n n"re n do o s r ufl u (a n g rl I

12. fiauffa a , a errura.uei:rnn-n (hard) ur n n ou fi urtdum urid usi urdfi % $i'n tus#u a

13. norffa b T6'tf,finTnao $1hirererfiufi uuiu"lfiodrsdrud (badly) niufibel

14. pnarffo a
!ate)re il du'r fi sta s u6ar+ gtrs ( a qj r.i a a 1'lu 1 fuo-u nd

15. Hauffa c uanrerdu{arasaarafi fi ilrnra.rhoui'oauq"adru,hat{reat1y)

16. nou{o d nrur a"snquuasnlr.rH aee{-l+rfi errTar n"ua6hhffiot@losely)

17. y)nor{a c ahrfi aue: (nea r I d t+ n u"s fr a rai u ii q ofl riah ru re u ufr'a
18. Eaufia b ntildu, nufrJvr"r?nue' luln rlrltal inr etretoenari,Ir$ieJ nma (smoothly)

19. srauffa c frutr{T rartnai,xf,t (s|owly) ufl ary arn1dfi ufis

20. marffo b u6pr araru nfi3tlaifi ilm (terrtb lv) dlfiri'r n ru uo nler

21. flaula c 46rFrarll€Jlenudoa4nedrrf,nre$ (ctearly) flrnnrxe;n6imdufl eilqf
22. na:uilab ah6ndr4r*'lfr'tff qrnr,{-i+u,rnufi u'lrthriald{bely)

lso a
n ld'eYr
23. y)qauffa c 6
a n rr u a tr ra adt rwn"n (se rlous I q r n a uE rfl n

24. Hauffo d nrxnan ;tnuog'r{flTfl (angrtlD tdufi nliilntr+

25. Hauffo a trarlnodrsaresf: (fast) urnrBaeunacfl'ra-il'l$idruranuff r'lefl 6io%lfi
26. Hauffa b flrunnrirarsadrrfi*ft (totaUy) ornur4a;nn

27 aaufla a ilrnnrna"renn-srirun-n(late)aqjrauotue"ungn4n#rJot{

28. narffa d 6?1__1a-i.l"H. asn1, Alf-l-ilnfla€' r?ldErt?8J1;tgfla-{Eta?[ilaautrlralqrx qrxnalilfrUfiFla}l?nrI,l

adrlfi n-ne'lnn6 (pleasantI y)

29. norffa c nr ur a"s n q u r o s n r rir a"s u"oru rl 1 q a a a r? a'r n rrynlfiorirsd{vell) u r nlr+ H a u fi"

30. narffo a mTqFrouhr6sufiJ-6.lfi o %airlnn-n(tra.a)

da(ufr+r6surr1fefl

g n?. fin2m}l ilnrasnt

Comporison

Exercise I

1. nmrourrsTnetanilag6irflrsfimnrQnnir (cheaPer) nra6umsTnsan'tr^l
2. ra"sornrqnu-naiau a'uFnnrdosum{$ (more tlred) n'j1nar+dauqvlrJrf,et6n
3. 4orriaulotras (more slowly) nuaa
4. neiaufiorsmriiargn'4n (the most beauttful) iia"umfltfiuulme
5. qr*flru'jrorrunerrt{fittqid4a-(the-blggesl) 'lr+aett46ao"nema6anreaestn
6. tl"rr*ritr.e,nm.n{und, (ro." f.t.naly) maufitriaua-luflr+ufinwraume
.7 r1a*r a s q nrq6rss (better) u rn n'ruoi 4 r*"lfidn1fr.fl uas tfi sur5fl uia'r
8. u-%Lilr+fi"aiieioeddn (the most dellctous) iia"r*'lfiue,ern,uurrflr+uearuru
9. dtradurindr (elder/older) tasa-ulfrrirsrufifiu1flutra'r 4 -tufirlumtufi"

10. turaaoror+iiriT smiifi arr'ilfi ilecdunmnifrsdtto (the least)

Exercise 2

a-u}Lrr'naiar+i'unqo#ia-rtiiufra udu-%'lfinarflLflilnarilfirsflc frasdTasueutasa-lr (1) rfinndr

(smaller) frosiiag'lr+nruiir.tern4luuairu-r1uur*T a'uao'jru-ilufluf,osiifiturn (2) r6nd{n (the
smallest) I1aTesueeruafl dnruarnrdfiueiurnfies u-tfiarnrpl (3) nnmndr (colder)'lua"snqt6n
trsfirnlnfiri'uTaluaudnilanann u't+rirs (4) gnmnd{n (the dlrttest)'lr+ueenr{1et1rnY''{fiuAUr*
,n.rr.'urag arrmfi (5) mnrunqn'jr (more expenstve) {iq"%Fr'toFta'tTuasa"ilff1$ifitRilrfissila r"ll
nfisa-l+'hlf,-arasiifrrsdeeuf,ufirur4wu*suava'uriruqn-ilufin u'rrLfluuen-uli (6) fieraT unsddn (the
most expenstve) tu6.ruu'uuas ucieisii (7) uaedT sd{n (the worst) lutaenrn'sttarofida ah
rirru-sflorhlfl,pflrsuaylsidruranraurrsna-rrit+lfi u-urirruflur,-utrqofnaiaud (8) eirudd{n (the
most horrlble)'luBiatasa"iluafl fi u6flr

m;qaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 183

Exercise 3

rn-urta:tsnlfren1tr*Inatf,{oqafl ft rr

1. rninrionnir (younger than) rouuaseafq

2. eodquacflauurindr (older than) rnio

3. oadorn"nd{n (the heavtest) tureeorrnnu

4., rauf-r!f.rm-rhurrnir (ltghter) oado

5. eafodsn'da (the tallest) luraanrlnnu

6. oa&urinfi (older) rou

7. nirrlfrbilhrnfiasn+l (less money than) flau

8. eado'tfia"lGnn,rnn,h (more money than) noer

9. riTulouo?^dnr 6nn,i,r (smaller than) rjrunasflast

10. rirutasoafa@ turaanrfirura{ilfl a?r

Exercise 4

rSoncrnoun'qnfrer

1. cHauffo nqsnr^rrrflurfiarf(nqjii4ouaamyunnddn (the most crowded) t%rlayrflrt'lne

2. bqaufra turmaruanrard.uou q-lrorufiilaudro;firsuriasddn (the least)

3. narfia c ahenu"sflolfiEai(betted noridtililhaureuneuah
; u*-:Xffi*4t ;;,-;
una,asdouahrurn

5. cHaufra r,lrntetdnrrs'lfiaeqrSeTaflansuei' usiilanrerLh-r+rrr'lfieaorSrnd,rurn (much)

tosndaru$

6. bHauffa {dtai4rrpriu-nfiorqs$ar2n+r Oonger) frii4ulna
7. dnarffa qr*ngnaim.jrsrurasah6n'{n (the best) tufur6su

8. dnotffa 'larpidaauTflnfirlfialtor, ndlriqflJ{n (most srccessful) lunaarna-rroucp

9. bHauffa oafutl"lorurrmesnn'fu (as softly as) d{rflflasuj,r

784 na. 4na"oanf 4nuofrg

10. Hailfra c urnuer drutu'r8 afi u{riasfl mnfi (more ofted urntermet riruri't'l

11. graufro d oout nr asnr o et uugn'j1 (worse) t astt au fr ufir

ruantareg

a q. o o- / rr-e-.-r+. f n-"u$ au
(as) $12 -\ a-
HOUflA C ? n s il sl FIr+ r+ rr ul u ile s Ln fl tA er e nlr+n'fu 9i

13 6t011fl0 c amr??fl 1etfi a?n'urhltgrha nfufl udr ii rirdnlqd{n (the most tnterestt n g)

fAla1- {merYmeufl{31'l

14. Hauffa d #q{iia:nnmsd{n (the most dangerous) lu1and otfi otn

15. nau{a b Tlrfi a?'1silfitilcarse'a6irua$u'rnwirn'fu d (the same...as) t aulfi

16. notffo b nirnre}lu-n ai a u ii n na 6 (bette r) n ra}l u"n ai a u ii 4 nrr

17. narffa c nrefi 4tnm6dT o'run'h (more I m Portant) naru u's a'ldter gu tnu'n
18. fiauffa c ioraru6nurini'r (older) ueitasutrurn

19. Eouffa b fr tT er I a s+-il fi o sn.r6"arflh fr fi rrnrT unqd{n (the most exPenstve)'lufru

20. nauffa d ilrn nrr ar taia ufi B6grn"$rYu (the same...as) ta s a:il

21. narffo c utrufl rrfisluu-nr^1muaaiifi da6sld{n (the most famous) lutan

22. re y)natffo d a-il a a n f i't a-s n T a erj'rqlrirgna{n (m o H a u fi"tfl e1 s a'il rnq n 4 rL q tr-eu5r
re gu l a rl

23. natffa b r,rafl r?l a arsl?atu'nd'r{4 s a'rqus6era*a, nn'h (wlser) n un rlrudre

24. notfia a n q's 6 a ui u dhi r+r a r+lowirn'u (so...as) n risf a ki u rluu

25. fiaufra c fi rilraci6tna-stunuufi urnuararrl'aoqitit+lasilentetral@

26. nat{o b ;;;;;r;"-**,** uar' oqqior+-r, iiusr

mos27. aa:uila d 'loi]u6euflueraufiarnadf,(ffnhtnsn&a'hlflmfl'4n (the 'luilactilFluu$

28. notffa c ilaa{usetr-ariogn+l (fewer...than) teud

29. nat{a d a-ufi aqs iirn'nd{n (the heavtest) uasfi a sirer I oe a-$fi aE n do sq siinraa

(mor30. grarffa c TtilTnrriTfi"tEnaneursnfi fl0s1{?nr?1

wqalonci BASIC GRAMMAR l_85

Preposition

Exercise I

rsnd,tnriodtfi?B'at','on' fiiilo'ln'

1. on Saturday 6. lD summer 11. ln the 19th century
(raneaeuii ls)
((ua"r.uara) C(r+qniou)
12. al midnighi
2. ln tJuly 7. al Christmas
.J
(uu6ounan4rnar) (urixn6dei'u,ra)
Imailrfla{ail.)
3. ln 2009 8. ln the evening
13. on September 14
(r-rl 2009) (unauufiu)
Gur",xfi 14 n"uurau)
4. al/on the weekend L at half past two
14. at noon
(u riari'u n g o4o#r1 oti) (mar+r-iraaarTusnfs)
(tJfia%lflas?1{)
5. at 9 o'clock 10. at night
15. on Monday morning
(naurfrrTur) (nounarrau)
(nauuf,reho"urfl

Exercise 2

HililfiTgnlfianrgaofdeanhqrrunr'qnfros

1. uanmrurissrunhn' (ln) ruaruaacrh${'aEi8ritiiu5a

2. firfrsrr+torahaqir' (on) fi+dr r1asiidaurfrs (on) tarua
3. allfirdar+outr%*r{isarrIfla-rtl(tn) nairi,n+6nluristru*stodn-u (nead t.rafls
4. fi enerupi'oirur%fl a1fl ahsaooqjur (on) ouudrerfi"'

5. a"r+ fi o erarffin ur.r an 1n a *d a"*urtse,fisd (tn) r.tac ffi dfiIfl il p,e"suf, n
6. uanrer e-omurE"uufu at) fir r r or ur.les rirfi' a 6 r+d'

7. acire,ura"*'lur"ur^rqrfih; ahorleioqjd (at) ryru a'uovaqid ("t) rjluraseafu
8. un 6 a qfi uxrn-sn' (at) dur ur^urir ffr'lta ar rirTu r

9. ("t)uar6uasln ar ursfl nil-n fr nurr' anrrirnfl ra-s d rfrrdo

[[ na. 4nfsani r4nuoin;

10. a-u'hiflrlrer+Lflunaruruu5r a-uuttdauprevs4ofrrad (at) sruudssruraslflri'
11. ilrnuerneae;lufird (at) tarueern"un'Tur

12. nr4onrrrdurJr.ilfrfi mrru6fl%d{t ) nqsuror6nrilutrartfis-rl

13. finurrluaTrennurun' (at) nmudasnaudfcr
14. ru'ardnfft, aaarnr+arT n-sd (at) Tasnrilar+Fd urnutrffeaufrrot
15. turlfiuflotrirultrqj finr+n"ttninmtfirn (on) tar

Exercise 3

raurh:TaFfl f;enltruifiaanhqlrunr'qnfr ot

1. qnrdruranuasrfiunxolanan (at) nars6ufrrfiasfitrTtas
2. riasdrrrara'r+orrl'aaqjr' (at) ri'ruratii 810 nr+uu6o#u
3. n nrs as oadn{u'n n urr su'r fi ffi a s1 a silrn uarud ar a1u(h) o4lu'lfrara
4. naulu'tfiaqiiifib{ail,*,fi" urmvna-us{rh-(h) frT urfi
5. zuanmurisr-ilfir{roqir' (on) flrirfla-stasflrisf,afiuf
6. arflnraTren-Flridduflutarufunen (at) 6.30 tn (rn) riasrfir+
.7 ueudii,ts.rilfiil'nglaanfl'r#iln1ri o-sr+vuurrdstarLdec?fnaiar+h (alon) rirsr?r+trqa{o#r.tnrt{
8. tanllrn'r?n0{+"r+"t+itfiaqjr' (at) rirvrutuait+f teiataqjd (at) rirr+

9.'turi'uasnearloahraqnraan'ltmr+uiuh (tn) rirsuflu1
1o. u-narqrfl ur6aso"fl fiarfl do#nlriur^]mtaaun (on) fr'atouu

Exercise 4

1. anarffo rSrrnrl n-"tanun (on) en'hluas enrila-lsvaanufia
2. dsrouffo urnuelsvlrliianlfianlrltas{b$enufin{i

Emrqatond BASIC GRAMMAR

3. Foufio a la"u u"n e c'hl da er q nr q nmi tr a s +-u1u(on) r"u a T fi n dria s il r er
4. marffa c ta"sorn{T (dol n g) srur asurrdSqufrr -ilun addsu"nai au

5. (h)fiarffo c ufi n fi { r aua n uyr+a"s n s dru d'r o gllu das fl 6 a Hl 6i.r

6. h4n) glu{n)norffo d
nru +-u er a s rfi u pr a a r ne'r r s r ri a fr'a s a e'r

7. nar{a b a'Hil-nr'rilamrao'rn-rnaouna'rflasa-uh(an)r"unidsiula

r)8. crouffa d u a n ur r cislu'lfi rir vn+ a Jleua arilnram (fo d,r u e"mu6'a

9 HAUflA C nru"n e c"hlfi 1u. r*tos-(by) en q'naaru1uaQ#au

10. narffo d g{t+ri'ral fi oufiatu n us1L(h) fi ol os raia u

11. ofta"rufuaflnarffa a {En+ n a u'[ri fi o nTn ua n uil u t a s
m r{ n r aE d un

12. Eauffa c a"ufiudaupruyr.l*s{ittfluu-nf,nurd (at) errrirara-em4snri-s1r-(ln) ila;mrta-snr1u

13. Hailffa b iltnralrila-se;hia{lfinnar (for) nu-s#rlnrri ilrnuereana'uarrlua"ud g n-uerlEru

14. Eau{a d a"r-r'[ai{ ar nmu6u rrshaJby) anhlfro u

15. flaufla a q"ilrfr lrSsuir',nrrra"snqr&L(on)1nr"r+o'urfua;r"ur1o

16. HAUflA C riastrsrosq'fi rfi otu(tn) Gailn-usreu tt 2010

17. EAtflA a q ruuri r a s o rurir a"r e ; n a"u s{,rq1n (fro m) f,r u 6',r

18. qarffa d fl rnre1iluilc{nuurnuraheaitf(durhg) mnre,ru-naqjdn?€a0ila afl
19. r)qau{a d a r r*r e"n a a s a a T n s a qjsfl nraa,r (fo fl ar sf, a s-il
20. Haufro b q"$ d'r s r il1u fi a r fi"fi uparjfur) n 6s frTil r ufr e
21. narfra d ornrplrinnurahj$unourqrt6n,rfl +lulnn,jr6aun'usrsil
22. norffa c qr*rhadlefiugi (stnce) sfirlersrffre'r+#
23. morffa a n4rumonnJdfl uuilarh{h) etnraarsii 1g

24. narfro b ornrp{rnurerurn nrxnaadauuil"anauriauaan"lU (golng) fr1sfl an

188 a?. Fln?satil flnrstfl

25. fiauffo c tra{fi?T a-reaqndsr{r (to) qn
26. eauffa c udaurasa'uflfin'tririoerdluaurhlildurlng) rirfradau
27. natila d urra r u ra n;j s"qrn (ft om) ii dhJd!-Gd Tu a tinr cfl il fir ilr fi
28. gouffa a uou{f;nrdotruranhnrtft (Istentng) rdosammu 1
29. nauffa b raianaarraaqn*ilnnsr (for) nfsfrTersufierirunarsd1apJft
30. nat{a b a'uln'tfi uo a q rxua a ft usi (s t nce) ur n ue.rlrr n-u ii rlr-ea d a a o sil iiufir

EGffirrI BAarc CRAMMAn

Coniunction

Exercise I

rgfl il?lts ntfreur;mffiaa coo rd I nate co nJ u nct I on r'qn fror

1. ahnaerit"4tm6a (or) d#nrt+u#ouarrrarir6
2. raiau"ttfri'n+6rmarerirr usi (but) ffleidrarrantrroJlefi'trriautou'[6'uaer
3. -rlunadfi'arnmiiesrEanrfl %n'nroar6o (or) rfl uff(ue"ua.rtalu
4. lnnutarriar{1errasa"il urlarsrrlfi d's6uo: (and) tardaanr6a
5. alunntrmh nl#n (so) nraudsfr+mufiddsqnunrfin
6. lurififinrdacin-?t1%*{ un; (and) nr#uuh16'6urn
.7 1 "t.r*fr', un."us urirr n-rnuu (so) naia ndse'rL mt+t+a fl r?a,r
8. a flrn ??a a fl il rfl ua rTfl erf'iayia slt n+rr:ir (for) q r*aro 6ru u"r'lunrsra-s

9. ddrrIasa-r.lllfllenufiqyEi.rr.lfirrierrflLfl%nlurpJa-s$ld ugi (but) ar-ua,rnufiulrl

1 O. a"uf,?hriarT rx o rrr*s ua: (and) uanrarfi 6 n u-n firan-n

11. ffinelaioiaa4nruurnrh usi (UuO arrmad{.rsta?oEr

12. nnmud n s n o u6dn n na nu6 n-srEu (so) r^n n re,re slillu fpr uaYr.r un

Exercise 2

rgu ffi iTs olfieurgaoidra co r re eI a t I v co nJ u nct I on r'qn frar

1. 4rxov6'as6an6aut:rjrs (etther) it1f, einsrflSo-ilfr nf(r+nrnfaailfi fir

2. {ir{uhether)a1ilei a-u a fl r n frfl %nr ur ter a e uh 116 a nr ur d nl u n'uur

3. fi'rraiar+fi ura'rufiersila nriar+o;ltnus (both) aar+nauuacilrSd

4. qrxilotosqrxua;prrxu+ilasqrxrirrfibi (Nelther) una'Ififir+qrxuair+filerlr+mer

5. urnternaatseilSfreveraua"u:hi6gluoi{nolodg qnriaurasurnral ucia'sararlrlfisloufistos

il?nt?1afla2El

190 o?. FIn26N% ilnrs?fu

Exercise 3

1. q-il.frrfl$fraltet:iliefl$ rdadir (so tnat) alt+qsdrureoaauait+"lfi
2. do (When) nr*na-uesqlnnremurrsufir !{?ntrlqre{'tttrLrLrrdalorquflrgnrn"u
3. ufiir (Althougtr) umtrerurn nrhitrua'fln1uaa
4. r*rr:,jr (Because) Nurira-sqsnnturir+fi' rp*neer{reuunfi n'trlfieel1ts
5. uaunqilaiarurenun-a-sn6iauqr*ilalarut'r'lfi ufidr (although) utrl6flarflrufiarsaetsufir
6. a-.uezhilorn-r*r.r e*n.h (untll) urrqstolfltluds{iu,rfiraslil
7. "truoerlorarnh,ir (as lf) naiau{'hneiatrira's1nu6asa;teaqi uritriaul+i{r6aruaa
8. qr*dretrenruruffrarnr-teu1ulfi eflulnd (as long as) qorlailnaJteuaa
g. a-uleidruraof,-aenen+ci'Fl-ilutu nonrtaqrn'h (unless) 4zuilatasa"ulfra"tfiurtr'l

10. dr 0D urnuerhid'tu.ron.ot'lfiraet tlrnuerdrrumnq?14n1?Flauufdndnrrttter"etdtfi
11. +--uortnatrr4muailosa--u n-nfid (as soon as) a'r+'lfinaTtri'ralfiarn-"tqrxilotasa"r'l
12. +-.%rira-ses"hlf,'oa.rrreturfiurhfi*' rdsddr (so that) ahes't$ifiaslIr+riutqn{nd'rJn, ri

Exercise 4

1. bmar{a srudtfidurir,auuilul$i6 n-snun (so) a-ufira-lslasflrsrt'lneiaqi
2. anarfio ufidr (Though) Hnhi{finaule'tut6asn1{n-? ullfi sasriisrhtupraurfrdsr
3. cnauffa a-urlfruaafrornirartulnl e$ndr (untll) qr*ourirsTulfroeirsdlppe
4. aHail{a reiaulaiarurenrrr{'sf,aiitraiaufiosn're1fr ntnun (so) flaiauqsEs{fiHsdraail-llrfis

lilunu

5. dnarfia tm{fi"rhd'suoutei'taqi nond (when) ilrnTqeurfir

ruqaTonei BAslc cRAMMAR 191

6. flallfla a ahurn-rrianraarnr'en'ir(sothat)a-ndrurannsn-rqnr'tATnudrun-r

7. narffa b o Y '-6 a "jtt'rq ; dr n r a u"ri r en al6' nanr3sern,j,r (u n l ess) 4 nr'tfi ra o u ua.r
a"u
lai

i uY l
d a-s lar a
e$nfi )narffa o,s ad8.un i-i n q
a s €a a o"r u"u a"n e v a (un t r I ah e y u.r o-s

9. Haura d a"ulaia"srfi se fi1 a nra a n'tilr.ruff rrn ar mh {rsu a n narutnd (as lon g as) q nrn a-r

utffriles{u n anilrsdarTur

10. HAUflO A orn,al+irfiu1unoufi"uriqrxrar6"oaq*n-aei'r'trifireuy dair (tn case) arnrpteud%

'lnnmr#s

11. norfio b drsnruau fiaair (whether) mroerrn"lildeuunr6adau#m{

12. HAUflO A o q nu,ra J)t ?1 l{.r?snfl tnror:r' (wtr I te) o4f a ufi 6auo-o

fi fi ri.x

13. norffa d uilr l t a rurrn ndru,rlhirfoud{notonry) fi uadaaari urifi (but a lso) n ei a6 n fir'l

fii14. narfia c
er rxe ;"[er'16'(r nilii ira l n e a n nonrdsqln'h ess)(un l q nro urt n * uTfiar r n

15. narffa b a"u qetrn"uir (as tf) e"g r r a fi fl rg tr 1 EJ,r fl ar, r Er

16. narffa d nr'elqmfi (S tnce) uh6u fi oufir r,,renre1s s'[$iaaHr16 n gi o"h]

17. gtoufia c uanrerar a srfi r+rFomsdr rorsd (as) ran rerrira-suo r+ ad6er t,rs fl r 6r
18. narffa b lranrqrlqclilGuudu n'nfir' (as soon as) a.rn.rrt6nsr

19. narffa c ahof*iluiie;fras'tr.tn-siirirrruriau*ar rden'fi (so that) ahecdruranrirarsst+

trig6eriaurftilacdu

20. narffa a ahe Jl+i ari rgr n&iq rx qTnan?tr[ nanr!ilgemfi (un less) n rurirnaruds ar ofi os

rasnrur3sriau

nrr:*r21. norffa b ut re r'[ei[r] q n r+-ser ar n-r ur n ua,r (beca use) rcj r m s o il r ri a u ufrr

22. fna:uila a u#a (Al thou gh) n tfl u{a ru-n e d fi q rx a ar r?nr u r ; au d 4 n urn fi ler'lfia=r r t+

23. marfro d rfi nu"nfesririra-sdrutru-sf aaa'lr+fr osaelnnann'(when)4r*rrgrff ru.r

24. sfi)ila a dtrn I a sahe rkiuiu4nr aa e$nd1 (unt l) nno rf,f, n 6n-1r

792 ne. (na"oan[ 4nro6ry

25. nat{o c ilr n re.r e nlid m ri r ar 1.,m urtar:d,r (because) er-r+ln}i ii s iiurn um #sm et
26. natffa b Hn#l'bi (netther) drflsn6a'lfiri,rungirufitdaflllo{tfll6geauiiuanutrfiflrgtr
27. $au{a d Umuri{Uor-onfg nrurdradrreYrnladunrro[ usiurrEt"susisnlerhiutillcdu

6nfirer

28. floufra c uenrerrila-se co a n"lil6$r6iun-uua 6 nond (when) ilnuiu nnas*.
29. nat{a a fr osnreirfi-d r oenduretuln uss (and) uanu"ufi ir6 iiu asrfi urfi os6n fiefl
30. nat{a d 4 ole fl rthi fi s d u.r +r fi {.r niu r? a 1 n? a n nenrf, aqrnfi (un l ess) q r*o r rillfi r5afi"u

nvqalonei BASIC GRAMMAR 193

Question Tog

Exercise I

e-uq'rirorufirsilrsTsadr$rarfi or{rn-url*Iandrnf,rsfi e

1. marffa e You can"t answer all the quesilons, can you?

4 or't+idruren q a r rir m u rurnu orlfi 'hitnar

2. norffo h You will help me to do the dishes, won"t you?

q rxozriea ahfrrselu'[u'hin6o

3. norfio d .lohn believes you, doesn't he?

o o tiuriia q nr 1u'hitr6o

4' Israrfro The teacher shourd exprain the resson, shourdn't he?

o r*nanraa6il1su ru6su lartrinio

5. qauffa i The boy didn't know the lesson, did he?
6nft ra'lrirffrteunr6au lritnu

6. noufra a Bob frightened you, didn't he?
7. narfra c
8. norffa g fl a r {T TrTq rxn n'lq n a-a lutriria

You can speak English well, can,t you?
q r*drnmnunnrrra"snqr'lfid lar}ir6 a

She couldn't arrange that, could she?
nei a r.l'tri arananeh nrauhlfi hitrar

9. qarffa b You won'l tell him, will you?

qr*oilrironrt.r ldtnar

10. nalffa f He shouldn't do it, should he?
nrhinrefruh 'tritnu

Exercise 2

rn-u*eitsatft f nrpoffiaarirotrf,rarJr jTgFr

E Fr?. r"r!rrbr.l+ ,rta?oJ

1. nmhitotulasq tihrr{do vsu)

2. Tauu^dn1daqiiirirs1u'lilahfi' tritm (ts ne)

3. qnra-r"l*itfiutu-sElofinf tritnu (have you)

4. @raulan*ra1e-sr,tduasdrilr+la

5. uanutr't*ildtrltunatrf,dn tritnu (dtd they)

6. qnrfrotnmtracbfl'lil@

.7 ua nrer rita-sq v o o n 6 umr st'ufl qffi" L&h6q{aren:tJe)
8. rfl oain{1ilfiq-$r%aEl H,rrlvlt+od
9. aeir6u6aprr.lar4ai; nnal'ltlr (wlll you)
@10. lriilkrari, ei'sq]nen-ariaqi
11. rnnr.lesurfisdqrSrffi"'@
12. **nrnu.u^uturirutalqr* @

13. dr+fi Hsdra+t-r-, #t lfi a-t nil on Ui[xn4dll you)

14. 6utrnit#nufirmoc flno{flil (shall we)

15. qrx'hiufi%qruuqlasahuas tdlnu (have you)

@

rqanrr;laattf,arrnufrrsil#Tsa

1. It doesn't look verY nice, does it?

u-uq'leiaru uT nwir'leras tdlnu

2. It's verY exPensive, isn"t it?

u-uar n ruulrrnraa lsl'ldfl 5a

3. The film was great, wasn't it?

nrfl er ufi ddasfi"era odeluliluacr "[+itri ffi a

EnrqaTond BAslc GRAMMAR

Exercise 4

dn1. HATflA A o..' a n a r+ tr ei a u Er-s ril $ n ei o r+bi-(wasnl) q ar o u r n r?i,r'h tdtfi u

2. HAUIO C uhu6auaYaqnnnu2"t nrysar&cr11{Elrfl Lfidn6a{|sdlhe)

3. srarffa b yenraru"n otrar?rrdri'uluriasilre Lildx6r(don:Lwq)

4. flaufro d mriaurroaildaer@

5. fl0ufla a ua#es"ldfirfi otritriuuuu tdlne (would he)

6. sroufla d a"uiilodrq r*a,re;udr o ;6uffit hldnfe (a ren't you)

7. HOUflA C urnrarna"rLurn-srjrufi nrar'oaufi"'L&tr6ojdrddr_we)

@8. Houffa b ilanmre u urEi r+ n"turnrer6,

@9. HAUflA C nrxfrarrruoJta#nfi uasria%fi nnrqcilrue r

10. narffo b q rufi fi adac{have) rf,u rJ a r ffas fi n t ri o fi rru lutri ni a

11. nouffo a urT e:ilr (wtll come) nhfiiinr"tfinarrdre lulinia

12. norffa c 'taifiuf,out?m rrrq nluir ufiiaa tdtnn (are there)

13. narffa b fl r n rr1 ri1 a-s s s fl"a n d o e o'u du {riur n ra.r htdn6o (a ren,t the9

14. Haufia c tdlrnq rxo sl*i fr a s n ratriQ n 1 r o s q or rJa ; u q m n-erd * u'u (wou rd you)

15. norfra d n-nndfurn (Ttm has returned) qrnfiraodnufrr'lrihin6o

16. natffa b r n n u u m y?.da * iie c'hl nh n a u fi16'r'lntrin6a (shou ldn,t they)
17. Hauffa b ua n rar fr a s"[rr nh ufial u n o u fi? a u n'q c ar s ln1d,iie (mustn't we)

@18. norfia c q r*qsr a s qrx}fjs{an fi s rlnah

19. qoufra d ry r fr l r o sm n re.rEi{were) ii d uer' a d'aTu r n u6a "h.tri n6 a

20. nouffa a oci'r6u fi'e sriru-neiles rr ril'lil fiaa sna€lne (wt II you)

796 en. 4nr"oanf lnuofrg

21. aou{o c "teiff(erearuran6ltnr"lfi'irfi oJtefi aua, er 1dltu-(eould-they)

22. aa:uila c dtT atas4oibi-(doesnl) tarLlourn tritter
23. qatffa a nrnuaroshisaulfrnrrfsunuenrfi n1iirfi nnd{fi tdhe-(wtlt rue)

@24. narffa d 'leiffheaqinaariranrEa{aT fi naea'rarltduan

25. Hauffa b nei audn (loves) iio cfi il6"4fir1fr4n 1ra s'[u'hit6a
26. natfra a q orlri na, tdT t$resenn-sfiTu r tdheJdqyou)

@27. sffi)ila b '(ne1 fi arerranur fi strfi m?Fln1ilfi
@28. matfra c n'r 01ss ufl el ofl-n d fi es fi 'i1s m snaittir r+
asufin1q"@29. natffa c fi r6nT eanTofl dreilesdrfl T sluufi

@30. mauffo b Tn n uilale n:uatafi o o nrurl a s?1?fl tll'l

rwqaTonei BASIC GRAMMAR 797

Finol Test

16onrhneur'qndor

d1. eou{a r+ht?sildrisfrdndasdrrunued (are)'lufi{risura{a-rl .r"r.flailfifia (;5) nflflr*

urnrrturritl"r+

rire6ilra n"dr students rilr+il*arur^rr4mrf nisrfinr+rurorfroqilr.lgrJufiref Fl-o are

riau Tom Lflnilecalilmnlrerd as6'a{fln6sr is iirLflr+ranr,ref

2. nauia b qrxlaifi na;rttar+vnwn (much)'hittrar

rire6urs ri,iT luggage rilr+rTeru-u'[u'[fr esfr'aslffluqilurarmnuorirdua nrnfiarnraudor

druar+niorjiu,rrx fraslfl much u1flElrefrr:+flfir

J. r adrlttr{worked)naute c 1
n 1 n u n a a n d a r--r-j ifr ' r u u -u rn fta ci fr r+ a r tnau# s fi"
ar

nlaol1g ilevTfl F fihuensnrena;rfrfi ffi aflsnuaceuasufi'atuafin fias?f, past s i mp eI (v.2)

4. neu{a d ilannr cirsl'r'rnh r"erar var rlr?'rrn1llel rl Frdgrgtnantr Gmustn g) nrn

alaolJls nratffrirqrurfi'n{fie#T qe1nn6fl1 amuse iisudosomunfmfapreruff?ln rdotf,tarEj

uru film tunaruflursdr r+r... fras?ffqrJ -ing

5. glau{a b r.f4r -a%rar q-ir 1ld-.dara.rt+ufrr urel,dre:fi (ln splte qD narufi"ufi se
r.tavlserfi"uaosprarurinuffsrosfionaril6ie%frr+uas6irflfr,rs ars6an'If, in spite of
riro6u,le
?-,r.a.J4Fta1ilfi atlElar uualecfr ... ffsnrararrdaarirurer

6. nsr{o c ah@lraamte Gurprsed) dt6'r#r+uuar6i unr 4r+-t

ri,ra6urs rfi oudosomanirianaruff,n tr+nmunrurcrdr flf,n... fi.oslffgu -eO

7 neu{a d r+hu6eruor+.}ftl,l+idrumnn6nuEasn,rmasr{r (maktng) prarufi ouaro16'

riro6urs ru'a'lflnfar avoid fiasnrufira V.ing fiflflp avoid making...

8. seuf,o a l+irfiasuriqntrsrasa-% ugierserero-sa-%firaii8n (am) rfifinrfldaaslnnmrdr+lna

3J1nfl1.[.1o1{

nire6urs nmtf,riruiioer not only...bul also... {fsnursn-s "leiufiasuci...usigr-s... fin6i'nn1e.jr

t6'o slf,nesrlfia a o pr fi'a s n-r tjec or u Fr-rfi a-s lu ti g"afl a m n 1ar ilas a1% I

E 6l? {na"oan[ lnuoSry

9. eotr{e b trLGoI)r*fir q rx fr a s n ra'lfr +h ri rs n{ 5 a q u 1n r +lu r+ s

nho6ug ffaf(ffilesterafiia"lrrf,"ti 1 udnsprarurflu"lrl'l6'(ufloqfut6oouroH tudfi'driltas

Main Clause hifiatfir.tasaruilrflfir uuarlaa'luqrhasilecTanrird's ue16s1f,n6s'l

call tuqrl V.1

10. neu{e d pr r*ne I ar a'r+lfi u ro-l fi at s rn fi ahea (had wa I ted) nr at rlil utr fiar fr r.n+ r

rlre6rns * l tu n., ofl ,r, 6 q {i rfi n t*uua s o U a sf i a u6 n nr q nra oftr u rer fi a slf, P a s P e r f e c t
.(f'"a V.S) t$iifi?{rnn'jrqsrfi offiruaseilasriounisr arri ved

11. neu{o a uenrqrdturaona?tu, ritrlfi u#ir (a|though) n r+r+q nri"rriru

rlra6uT g ffafi"rgosnrrur-auffsrasdasrLestandtdoatn-r+ riT riia+rfrnnfras 'lfruri although
ulrflgnruurfirsilasTan (S. + V.)

12. not{s c .andrarasa-nhs?h{r$ (used to work) iifi ucifl ziouhflfitirmr+iifi ufirlu"ufi"

rl, s6rns nraudnsunqnl?ilrcm) n^fl fi"iliuluaf?ietluil0oaagEl u[?a'lar'dli]r{u'l?r'aLnlf,arl S. + used to + V.1 lfifieEr

r+anrtfiaqrn Past SimPle (V.2)

13. nsu{o b -uf nd'6aJwas)?trdaludutorLnouiia"riaqidlerftern
Cra6tt udar]esorilLilrrdaitr rerfio'jruilur+ratuonflq{ dr$du{estflnfi?lritunrqnreof
tuo6e nfsrf,lfrasfr'asLflr+ was

14. neuf,s a a'r+ n a.j,r n o u riun admrd a s dt*ilanerrrulrsurirn"t (as e xpensl veas) *r' 6 a l u'u

nl, aAtrs nlanl-aaUtfiauna,unirn-r+tasrirqorrf,in{ uerlfiqrL as + adiective + as Toad

rir q orrhr tif(f, fi'a s a -a'luqrl rl n fi

15. nouia c q rxos"ldrftr (wou ld have seen) ernIild nrfn I os a'*ufir'jr a-$oqi iiu, ur arud a

rlT afina #rln, ti'fr ufir firqulfiqadrsei's1o
{of(ffrLestflnfiar."Lrn'uii 3 uaorsdriirflu'trL'ter16'luo-oa reroiruflr+fraslfftnerairr

If + S. + Past Perfect, S. + would have + V'3

16. nou{a a aeir6uCre:{r (to do) uut?tntrhfi?iourisoafu
dreitra dalfln6ar re membe r tnoarufi ure'jr qoof *jrezfroqrirostt fias'lf,Hrualrfiae
to + V.1 6s1ffqrl remember to do'..

nrqalonei BAslc cRAMMAR 199

17. ee!f,e d ufr'iruqufiitrfaauroiosa{ (fewer) ugiflriaufiraarfisaar (less) n.jrnrprrieruilufir

rhaftrrs ueinarufietrsecuflfiarln"$ 6o udorsdruaur6oilfutoriiriaeras usirarfiasoernurud
nlerarlfirs sr'a classes uiluureruruorf ds1f, few turfi+ndr no fewer uac$r'o

time rfluu.rru*1r'ter'lfr!ilsuilumnilqd"rduo sslf, Iittte lu#unfi ,a |ess

18. neria c rTa s trsr a s a"uegQnillTxn (wl I I be punlshed) ulrer crrrmnr6e ud aaruf

rheEtra ilavTaodtf,nSs'flunmilflursras passive voice aa rjeaorurflufinnnec?ir
:ilrfigrloa Verb to be + V.3 nrdslf, will be punished

19. neuie c qnr'leifrasnra"laanSerrdar6n htdnia (do you) (you don"t...)

Creftt,ts nratf, ouestion tag r6ori.rn,rerfr'ratavleerdoqjfia-silaslanil46a
raT fiafiflqr.tranuri,r ;ils'tfiuri do you

20. nouf,o d il1{ 1{{61 0r6t'$ot lfi e{ fl a{ a
rhaftns nretf,nia,r look forward fralmrudrelUi^tuyt to + N./V.ing tudfihsfr'aslff
to reading

21. sau{o a 4ordrdrrh (were you dotng) a:itao{ra'aarunaufr rlusrf,r

Cla6u,rg tnmudo{n{ H nrenfrda nrenes?irdrira-srfi ofi+Ill a 6 H fr'a slffp pa s co n t i n u ous

(was/we re + V. i n g) Tner#srnmir$r-nfi rimcuraariiuruau

22. caria a rirnre*rarfr ireuln uFiilenrarfiogn$ (few) drumn q au'tfi

dra6rns ffafi"uaprsprerert-oufftTqEflf,Fi, rdaar but mrnrerfiasnraneirrn-qonriodsrasyr'fidruau

riaaurn fr'0slfl few * urur.lir'lA'ur4mrf n,rnlff a few q;murgn-s uafirjrs

23. neuf,e b naiaul+iaT ruraohTasrisu"tfi' rdawrern (because of) arufi mnasen
nrudosrfiHflafinruarrfiasriru,ru fiastfl because of rilarsfi1ntfl because
dre6rng esfr'asnlilfirerilaetetn (S. + V.)

24. nau{o c nrura"snqr*r{tuttT iinrente (hteresfl ng) ittrf,s ahFnentq (lnterested)

[112{11{

rire6trg m'audnsnarufiane'jr ur... fias?flgrJ -ing 6a interesilng uavru'afi,asnreudor

narilfiurs-jr ff,n... fiaflf,grJ -ed na interested

200 ore. qnfoarf 4nro6rg

25. nau{e d naalnf,rtasilannliq-nfi 6iot*ft usi(strrce)trriar+e'"s1fl u#nd,

Cra6tre rrfi n1?ot-$-erf-l 3 cr>l{an-fi lracFirtfi ui{rqufisiloqu-u 6s1f, Present Perfect (has/
olti{

h"u" * V.3) uartr.rnfiosnramrpraTdru6urfinn*udala re,'lf, since + qadufiu

$osLtal fl6oa.rqtf,eruurfirerilastantuqrl Past Simple (V.2) fflfiurir+n"u

26. nauio b cl sl.Iy-l.tlrytoF-lfl ?.l-nsnVu asr+r.hdo-t-t4is^-$-- (/-w-^a- s w---rr$lt-lng) 5m aa g

draftns ,-::' .*-r"n''n,reofdrira-ssirrfinag.'luo-orn rarlf, Past Continuous (was/were + V'ing)
*"
rerlf, Past Simple (V'2)
uasuilailontflqnmrufil{surenrffru't

a22. sau{o utrlqan-r*.naufi"firerri'urna; nnal'tnu (shall we)'
ulfia 'ltnhuagnar*f"

Cra6uu nratf, Ouestion tag na-lrles1aniiudosnref'n{au iiss*ufiufieel Let us n5o

grJeia 6a Let's uarfiaslf, shall we

c28 Bauia *qor"lfif nrireaareernuqildlias'ttu" elnl$'l n%usia'il1dfu(recelYed)
ut+itae er-@

qaru'tgau-uai, 4ertasnIrfr ados6anrian"

dre6'rs fiafi-neilfisur4nraoi'frleirfin1*ur,aern"susio6monn-sflo1t"u e1lfl Present Perfect

(has/have + V.3) uacdolf, since frasnrufirnrlestnn Past Simple (V'2)

c29. neris "mnttrutfisnhur'olt (When)"

"6unrfidufir"

crefir,rc nrenrufi+rqn,rmf.i,rufiorn'ntudesraarlo uerlff When 'h.dfi"drurer'#stnnoln

n"r n ot d'irue nttrur fi s d af t ur fi iiufi a

d30. nerlio lu[iiarfiaiifiqirir$ur4sd uagHrfiLilfldft-n (ts known) 'lr+nqilnlnudf(t*gtu'

tttu-nf a s ii fi d a # a s Pn+ s

drefi,s rerfraslfl passive voice (verb ro be + V.3) rdasqrnlfl6aqnuflr+d{e"n

tunrrutursfla{n1?onn?s{r re16s1f, is known

nvquToYrd BAslc cRAMMAR 201

Irregulor Verbs

$s ffi s & {$ {s *s s$ s $s s & qF {$ s s 4$ {$ $$ €$ se

4t

I-tiigv;\