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Row Bar Row Bar

Rows are numbered from 1 onwards and
keep on increasing as you keep entering data.
There are 1,048,576 rows in excel 2010.

Column Bar Column Bar

Columns are numbered from A onwards and
keeps on increasing as you keep entering
data. After Z, it will start the series of AA,
AB and so on. There are 16,384 columns in
excel 2010. The last column heading is XFD.

Status Bar

This displays the sheet information as well as
the insertion point location. From left to right, this bar can contain the total number
of pages and words in the document, language, etc.

Saving a File

After creating an excel file you have to save your
sheet. Following are the steps to save an excel file.

Click the File tab and select the Save option.
A save as window will appear.

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S e l e c t Location

Folder File name
name

Save button

File type

Enter the file name, which you want to give to your sheet and select a Save as
type.

Finally, click on the Save button and your sheet will be saved with the entered
name in the selected folder.

Note If you want to save this sheet with the same name, then you can
simply press Ctrl + S and if you want to save with new name you
can use save as option or press F12 Key.

Moving with Mouse

You can easily move the insertion point by clicking in your text anywhere on the
screen. Sometimes if the sheet is big, then you cannot see a place where you want
to move.

You can scroll your sheet by rolling your mouse wheel, which is equivalent to
clicking the up-arrow or down-arrow buttons in the scroll bar.

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Moving with Scroll Bars
As shown in the below screen, there are two scroll bars: one for moving vertically
within the sheet, and another for moving horizontally. Using the vertical scroll bar,
you can do the followings:

Scroll up

Vertical Bar
Horizontal Bar

Scroll down

Move upward by one line by clicking the upward-pointing scroll arrow.
Move downward by one line by clicking the downward-pointing scroll
arrow.
Move on next page, using the next page button (footnote).
Move on previous page, using the previous page button (footnote).
Use Browse Object button to move through the sheet, going from one chosen
object to the next.

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The following keyboard commands, used for moving around your sheet.

Keystroke Where the Inserton Point Moves
Forward one box

 Back one box

 Up one box

Page Up Down one box

Page Down To the previous screen
To the next screen
Home
To the beginning of the current screen
End To the end of the current screen

You can also a move a box by a box or a sheet by a sheet with the help of following
key combination.

Key Combination Where the Insertion Point Moves
To the last box containing data of the current row.
Ctrl +  To the first box containing data of the current row.
Ctrl +  To the first box containing data of the current column.
Ctrl +  To the last box containing data of the current column.
Ctrl +  To the sheet in the left of the current sheet.

Ctrl + PageUp

Ctrl + PageDown To the sheet in the right of the current sheet.

Ctrl + Home To the beginning of the sheet.

Ctrl + End To the end of the sheet

Moving with Go To Command

We can use the following steps to move with go to command.
Press F5 key or CTRL + G to view the Go To dialog box as given below.

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Click on the special button to display the Go To Special dialog box.
Now, you will get the following screen.

Select the required option and click on the OK button to apply .
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Quick Learn

 The Microsoft Excel is a software developed and manufactured by
Microsoft Corporation.
 The Ms-Excel allows the users to organize, format, and calculate data
with formulas using a spread sheet.
 The flashing vertical bar is called the insertion point and it represents the
where text will appear when you type.
 Rows are numbered from 1 onwards and keep on increasing as you keep
entering data.
 There are 1,048,576 rows and 16,384 columns in excel 2010.
 Columns are numbered from A onwards and keeps on increasing as you
keep entering data.
 After Z, column name will start the series of AA, AB and so on.
There are 16,384 columns in excel 2010.
 The status bar displays the sheet information as well as the insertion point
location.

Creating New Worksheet

We can see three blank sheets on the Microsoft
Excel. The following steps explain you how to create
a new worksheet if you want to start another new
worksheet while you are working on a worksheet,
or you closed an already opened worksheet and
want to start a new worksheet.

• Right click the sheet name and select the Insert
option.

• Now you’ll see the Insert... dialog with select
worksheet option as selected from the general
tab.

• Click on the Ok button.

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You can see the sheet as shown below to work.

New sheet
Note

You can use a short cut to create a blank sheet by using the Shift+F11
keys and you will see a new blank sheet similar to the above sheet.
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Hiding Worksheet

Right Click on the sheet name and select the Hide
option. The sheet will hide from the sheet area.

Unhiding Worksheet Scan Here

Right Click on any sheet name.

Select the Unhide... option.

For video tutorials

Select the sheet name in the unhide box.
Press the Ok Button.

Delete Worksheet
Right Click on the sheet name and select the Delete option.
The sheet will get deleted if it is empty, otherwise you’ll

see a confirmation message as below.

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Press the Delete Button.
Now your worksheet will get deleted.

Close Workbook
Click on the Close Button as shown below.

Close window

You will see a confirmation message to save the workbook if it is not saved.

If it is saved the work book will be closed.
Opening a File

Click on the File tab and select an open option.
Browse the file and find it that you want to open.

After you select the workbook from the file name, click on the open button.
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Inserting Data

For inserting data in the MS Excel, just activate the cell, type text or number and
press enter. You can practice the following format at your lab.

Inserting Formula

For inserting formula in MS Excel, click on the formula bar and enter the formula
then press the enter key.

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Modifying Cell Content
For modifying the cell content just activate the cell and enter a new value or text
and then press the enter key.

Delete with Mouse
Select the data you want to delete.
Right Click on the sheet.
Select the delete option to delete
the data.
A list of delete options will appear
as below.

Select the required option and click on the OK button to delete.
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Delete with Delete Key

Select the data you want to delete.

Press the Delete button from the keyboard then the data will be deleted.

Selective Delete for Rows

Select the rows, which
you want to delete with
mouse click.

Right click to show the
various options.

Select the Delete option
to delete the selected
rows.

Understanding the Row and the Column

The row runs horizontally while Columns
column runs vertically. Rows

Each row is identified by a row
number, which runs vertically at the
left side of the sheet.

Each column is identified by the
column header, which runs
horizontally at the top of the sheet.

In MS Excel 2010, row numbers
range from 1 to 104857; in total
1048576 rows, and columns range
from A to XFD; in total 16384
columns.

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Navigation with Rows and Columns
You can go to the last row by clicking CTRL + Down Navigation arrow.
You can go to the last column by clicking CTRL + Right Navigation arrow.
What is Cell?

Cell is the intersection of rows and
columns. Cell is identified with the
combination of the column header
and a row number. For example A1,
A2, C5, etc.
In the right side box, the cell is located
at the word keyboard. So, the cell
address of the keyboard is B5.

Copy Paste
Select the cells that you want to copy and choose copy option after right click
or press CTRL + C.
Select the cell where you need to paste this copied content.
Right click and select the paste option or press CTRL + V.

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Copy Paste in Special Way

You may not want to copy everything in some cases. For example, you want to
copy only values or you want to copy only the formatting of cells. Select the paste
special option as shown below.

Prepare data as given above and copy it.
Place your cursur on the required cell where you want to paste then press
right mouse button.

A list of option will appear as above.
Choose the paste special option as given above.

You will get the another dialog box as below.

Select the required paste special option and click on OK to apply it.

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The various options available in paste special are :
All: Paste the cell’s contents, formats, and data validation from the

Windows Clipboard.
Formulas: Paste formulas, but not formatting.
Values: Paste only values not the formulas.
Formats: Paste only the formatting of the source range.
Comments: Paste the comments with the respective cells.
Validation: Pastes validation applied in the cells.
All using source theme: Paste formulas, and all formatting.
All except borders: Paste everything except borders that appear in the

source range.
Column Width: Paste formulas, and also duplicates the column width of

the copied cells.
Formulas & Number Formats: Paste formulas and number formatting only.
Values & Number Formats: Paste the results of formulas, and the number.
Merge Conditional Formatting : This icon is displayed only when the copied

cells contain conditional formatting.
Transpose: It changes the orientation of the copied range. Rows become

columns, and columns become rows. Any formulas in the copied range are
adjusted so that they work properly when transposed.

Basic formula calculation in Excel

A formula is an equation that performs a calculation. Like a calculator, Excel can
execute formulas that add, subtract, multiply, and divide. All the formulas must
begin with an equals sign (=).

Excel uses standard operators for equations, such as a plus sign for addition (+),
minus sign for subtraction (-), asterisk for multiplication (*), forward slash for
division (/), and caret (^) for exponents.

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Practical Section
Task -1
Create a table as below in Ms-Excel and save it under your name.

Birat Book House

Birtamod, Jhapa

Book Name Edition Quantity Rate
475/-
Blooming Science 2075 400 275/-
425/-
Gateway Computer 2074 200 325 /-

Maths Zone 2076 300

Social Studies 2075 150

Task -2
Prepare a bill format sample as below.

Click on the cell where you want to display the formula (G6, for example)

Type the formula that you want to calculate (=E6*F6 and press enter), for
example.

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The formula will calculate and the value will be displayed in the cell G6.

Now click and drag the formula to display the value in each cell.
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Task -3
Prepare the bill format as below.

To calculate discount:
Place the cursor on H6 Column.
Type (=G6*10/100), where 10 is the percentage for discount.

To calculate Vat:
Place the cursor on I6 Column.

Type (=G6*13/100), where 13 is the percentage for tax amount.
To calculate Total:

Place the cursor on J6 Column.
Type (=G6-H6+I6).
You can copy the formula for other cell.
To calculate Grand Total:
Place the mouse on J10 column.
Type (=J6+J7+J8+J9)
After applying the formula you can get the windows as below.

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Practise the following and analyze the formula.

AB C
Show Formula
1 Data Result =5∧3
= POWER(5,2)
2 125 =POWER(A3,A4)
=5∧(-3)
35 25 =SQRT(25)
=25∧(1/2)
42 25 =SQRT(A10)
=SQRT(AB)
5 0.008 = SQRT(ABS(A9))

65

75

8 25 5

9 -25 5

10 5

Quick Learn

 A cell is an intersection of a column and row.
 Navigation buttons allow you to move to another worksheet in an Excel
workbook.
 A formula is the combination of values (numbers or cell address) and
math operators (+, -, /, *, =) into an algebraic expression.
 A simple formula in excel contains one mathematical operation only.
 Formulas can be created by using either numbers or cell address in the
definition.
 Each new workbook in excel has three worksheets named Sheet1, Sheet2
and Sheet 3 at the starting window.
 A formula is an equation that performs a calculation.

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Evaluation Activities

1. Fill in the blanks with correct words from the text.
a. 1, 2, 3, 4 etc. are name of …………….in excel.
b. There are total …………….rows in excel 2010.
c. There are …………..default worksheet available in excel.
d. We can open a file from ……………menu.
e. Title bar is located at the …………….of the document screen.
f. New, print and help command are available in ………….tab.
g. ………..symbol is used for multiplication in excel.
h. In MS Excel 2010, row numbers range from 1 to ……………..
2. State whether the following statements are true or false.
a. Ms-Excel is operating programme.
b. There are 100020 columns in excel 2010.
c. Cell is a intersection of rows and columns.
d. + , - * and ^ are the relational operators.
e. There are six default work sheet with excel 2010.
f. We can also copy the formula by using a file menu.
g. The font changing and size changing option is available in Page Layout
tab.
h. We can use F5 key for Go To command.
3. Write down the function of the following shortcut key.
a. F5 b. CTRL + c. CTRl + S d. CTRL + S

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4. Write down the steps to perform the following task.
a. To save a worksheet.
b. To insert a worksheet.
c. To modify the content of the cell.
d. To delete with the delete key.
e. To delete a row.
5. Answer the following Questions.
a. What is Microsoft Excel?
b. What are the features of Excel- 2010?
c. For what purpose can you use file tab?
d. Write down the name of the views button available in excel 2010.
e. What is the use of the status bar? Where is it located in the screen?
f. Write down the steps to unhide the work sheet.
g. What is opening a file?
h. Define the term cell.
i. What are the various options available in paste special?

Project Work & Activity

a. Prepare a simple bill format including Item Code, Item Name , Quantity
and Rate.
b. Calculate total amount and discount amount.
c. Calculate grand total by using excel formula.
d. Add any 3 new worksheet.

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9Lesson Working with Microsoft
PowerPoint 2010

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

• define presentation software.
• explain the features of presentation Programme.
• write about the components of PowerPoint Windows
• tell about various shapes and graphics.
• use tables on PowerPoint correctly.

Lets Update

• The PowerPoint was created by Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin.
• It was designed to facilitate visual demonstrations for group
presentations in the business environment.
• It initially named “Presenter”, was created by Fore thought Inc.

Introduction

The PowerPoint is a complete presentation graphics
package developed by Microsoft Corporation. It is a part
of Microsoft Office package. You can produce a
professional looking presentation by using this.
PowerPoint offers word processing, outlining, drawing,
graphing, and presentation of management tools.

The PowerPoint uses a graphical approach to presentations
in the form of slide shows. This programme is widely used in various areas. It is
an effective tool for training purposes also. When you create a presentation using
PowerPoint, the presentation is made up of a series of slides. The slides that you

create using PowerPoint can also be presented as overhead projectors too.

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It can be also used to create a slide show which is an electronic presentation that
runs in a computer. A presentation is a combination of slides, hand-outs, notes,
and outlines all in one file. You can add text, graphics, photos, clip art, sound, and
video to your slides.

Features of PowerPoint

1. It allows the users to create virtual slide show presentations displaying text,
images, shapes and videos.

2. Customization features for the PowerPoint lets users to add animated effects
to the content and transitions between slides.

3. Sound clips can be inserted to play an audio during presentations.

4. Slides are printable for use as hand-outs and projector transparencies.

5. Users can edit, add and delete slides as needed. Scan Here

6. It provides basic slide templates such as schedules
and diagrams.

7. It also offers ready-made themes with professional
images, font groups and preselected colour schemes.

Starting PowerPoint For video tutorials

We can start the PowerPoint with various
ways. We can use the following steps to start a
PowerPoint.

Click on the start button.

Choose All programs.

Select Microsoft Office and choose the
Microsoft PowerPoint 2010 from the list
of options.

Now you will enter the system of the
PowerPoint.

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The First PowerPoint Windows

Quick Access Home Title Bar Slide Area Help
Ribbon
Toolbar

File Tab

Slide bar Zoom options

Components of PowerPoint Windows

Home Tab: This bar allows you to edit Slides, Fonts, Paragraph, Drawing
and Editing.

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Insert Tab: This bar allows you to add Tables, Images, Illustrations,
Links,WordArt, and Media Clips.

Design Tab: This bar allows you to edit how your presentation will look.
It includes features such as Page Setup, Themes, and Background Styles.

Transitions Tab: This bar allows you to edit Slide Transitions, Effects,
and Transition Timing.

Animations Tab: This bar allows you to add custom animations to your
presentation. You can select from Preview, Animations, Advance Animation,
and Animation timing.

Slide Show Tab: This bar allows you to select how your presentation will
be displayed. From here, you can start your Slide Show, Set Up your Slide
Show, and Adjust Monitor Settings.

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Review Tab: This bar allows you to Proofread, Translate Languages,
Comment Slides, and Compare your Presentation.

View Tab: This bar allows you to set the View of your Presentation, Create
Master Views, Show/Hide Features, Zoom, Switch from colour to Grayscale,
Adjust Windows, and Add Macros

Creating a new presentation
Click the File tab, and then click on New.
Click on the Blank Presentation, and then click on Create.

Apply a template or theme from those built-in with the PowerPoint 2010.

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Saving a Presentation

ving a presentation
Click on the File tab, and then click on the save or Save
As option.
A save as box will display as below.
In the File name box, type a name for your PowerPoint
presentation.
Finally click on the Save button.

Note

The PowerPoint 2010 saves files in the PowerPoint Presentation
(.pptx) file format. To save your presentation in a format other than
.pptx, click the Save as type list, and then select the file format that
you want.

Opening a presentation

Click on the File tab, and then click on Open button.

In the left pane of the Open dialog box, click the
drive or folder that contains the presentation that
you want.

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In the right pane of the Open dialog box, open the folder that contains the
presentation.

Click the presentation, and then click on Open button.

Inserting a new slide 127

To insert a new slide into your presentation, use the
following steps.

Click on the Home tab and go on Slides group.
Click the arrow below New Slide.
Click the slide layout that you want.

Adding shapes to the slide

Click on the Home tab.
Select the Drawing group.
Click on the shapes that you want.
Click any where on the slide, and then drag to
place the shape.

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Scan Here

For video tutorials

Note

We can see various shapes such
as recently used shapes, lines,
rectangles, basic shapes, basic
arrows, equation shapes, flow
chart shapes, star and Banners
shapes, callouts and action
buttons in the PowerPoint 2010



To create a perfect square or circle (or constrain the dimensions of other
shapes), press and hold the SHIFT key when you drag.

Viewing as a slide show

To view your presentation in Slide Show view from the first slide, use the following
steps.

Click on the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide
Show group.

Click From Beginning option.

To view your presentation in Slide Show
view from the current slide.

On the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide Show
group, click From Current Slide.

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Printing a Presentation

Click on the File tab, and then click on the Print option.
Under Print What, do one of the following:

To print all slides, click All.
 To print only the slide that is currently displayed, click
on Current Slide.
 To print specific slides by number, click Custom Range
of Slides, and then enter a list of individual slides, a
range, or both.
 Use commas to separate the numbers, without spaces.
For example: 1,3,5-12.

Under Other Settings, click the colour list, and select the setting that you
want.

When you finish making your selections, click on the Print button.

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Working with font attributes

In PowerPoint, we can change the font style, colour, size, etc. as in Microsoft
Word. To apply this all we can use the below options.

To get the above box you can click on the Home tab and move on Font group. The
below are the details of the above group. You can click on the drop down list to see
the more options on each icon.

To change the font name. To change the font size.

To increase or decrease the font size. To clear all previous formatting.

To make the text bold, italic, underline To apply the character spaceing.
and insert text shadow respectively.

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To insert strikethrough line on the text. To change the text as upper case, lower
case, sentence case, etc.

To change the font colour. To show the font dialog box.

Inserting table on the slide

Select the slide that you want to add a table.

On the Insert tab, in the Tables group, click on Table.

In the Insert Table dialog box. Click and move
the pointer to select the number of rows and
columns that you want, and then release the mouse
button.

Note

After the selection of the
table as in the left side dialog
box, you can create the table
with 8 columns and 5 rows.
You can also insert the table
manually.

Inserting table manually

Click on the Insert Table, and then enter a number in the Number of columns
and Number of rows lists.

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To add text to the table cells, click a cell, and then enter your text. After you
enter your text, click outside the table.

To add a row at the end of a table, click inside the last cell of the last row, and
then press the TAB key.

After we apply it we can see the table as below.

Working with images on PowerPoint
Adding images to your presentations makes your presentation more interesting.
Pictures, clip art, and screen shots can be inserted into PowerPoint to help you
effectively communicate your ideas.
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To insert an image from a file:
Select the Insert tab.
Click on the Picture command in the Images

group.
The Insert Picture dialog box appears as

below.

Select the location that contains your pictures.
Select the desired image file, then click on Insert.
The picture will appear in your slide as below.

To insert an image from Clip Art 133
Select the Insert tab.
Click on the Clip Art command in the Images

group.
The clip art options appear in the task pane to

the right of the document.

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Enter keywords in the Search for: field that are related to the image you want
to insert.

Click the drop-down arrow in the Results should be: field.
Deselect any types of media you do not want to see.
Click on Go button.

To insert clip art:
Review the results from a clip art search in the Clip

Art pane.
Select the desired image.
The clip art will appear in your slide.

Tips for creating an effective presentation

While preparing a presentation, your slide must
be clear so that you can demonstrate it in a very
effective way. There are few tips for making
your slide effective which are listed below.

Minimize the number of slides.
Choose a clear type font name and font
size.

134 New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6

Do not explain more as a paragraph text.

Keep your slide text simple.

Use visuals to help express your message.

Make labels for charts and graphs understandable.

Check the spelling and grammar errors.

Quick Learn

 A PowerPoint is full featured presentation programme that is used to
design presentation for various purposes.
 The PowerPoint Window has toolbars and panes that helps to quickly
create presentations.
 The standard toolbar contains shortcut buttons for the most popular
commands.
 The task pane is located on the right side of the computer screen, this
pane allows you to select tasks in different categories and allows you to
quickly enhance your slides in a few steps.
 The PowerPoint offers Design Templates to make it easy to create an
attractive presentation
 The default font or text type is Arial in PowerPoint.

Evaluation Activities

1. Fill in the blanks with correct words.

a. ……………..is a complete presentation graphics package developed by
Microsoft Corporation.

b. PowerPoint is a part of …………… package.

c. PowerPoint uses a ……………approach to presentations in the form
of slide shows.

d. The slides that you create using PowerPoint can also be presented as
overhead …………………….

New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6 135

e. You can add text, graphics, photos, clip art, sound, and……….. to your
slides.
f. …………allow you to edit Slides, Fonts, Paragraph, Drawing and Editing.
g. ……………..allows you to edit Slide Transitions, Effects, and Transition
Timing.
h. Review bar allows you to Proofread, ………….,Comment Slides, and
Compare your Presentation.
i. We can insert picture from ……….tab.

2. State whether the following statements are true or false.
a. The PowerPoint is a presentation software.
b. We can use the PowerPoint for attractive presentation.
c. The status bar is located at the top the PowerPoint windows.
d. You can click on the Slide Show tab, in the Start Slide Show group to display
the text or pictures in slide show.
e. You can use the F6 function key for slide show.
f. We cannot delete the slide from the PowerPoint.
g. The PowerPoint 2010 saves files in the PowerPoint Presentation (.pptx) file
format.

3. Write down the steps to perform the following task.
a. To save a presentation.
b. To insert a new slide.
c. To add the shape in the slide.
d. To insert an image from a file.

136 New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6

4. Answer the following questions.
a. What is a PowerPoint programme?
b. For what purpose can PowerPoint be used?
c. What are the features of the PowerPoint?
d. What are the components of the PowerPoint Windows?
e. What are the steps to view as a slide show?
f. Name various shapes available in the PowerPoint 2010 programme.
g. What is the purpose of inserting images in the presentation?
h. Write down the steps to insert a table on the slide.
i. Which menu can you use to insert the picture?
j. Write down the tips to create a better presentation.

Project Work & Activity

a. Prepare at least ten slides about your school and show them to your
teacher.
b. Prepare any five slides about your family.

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ICT, Ethics and Cyber Laws

Unit

2

This unit covers the following lessons.

Lesson 10 Introduction to ICT and computer ethics
Lesson 11 Introduction to computer virus
Lesson 12 Introduction to Internet

10Lesson Introduction to ICT and
Computer Ethics.

Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:

• define ICT and computer ethics.
• tell the uses of ICT.
• explain the application areas of ICT.
• list out the computer crime.
• tell the ethical issues in computing.
• write briefly about the cyber law of Nepal.

Lets Update

• Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone.
• SIM card stands for Subscriber Identity Module. It is a chip inside
most modern cellular phones that stores information your phone
needs to communicate.
• The first SIM card was developed in 1991 AD.
• The first handheld mobile phone was demonstrated by John F.
Mitchell and Martin Cooper of Motorola in 1973 AD.

Introduction

Information can be sent, broadcast and exchanged from one place to another
with the help of technology. Communication is not possible without the use of
technology. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to all the
technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media and audio-visual
processing. These days, ICTs tools are very important and powerful for us to do
our daily activities. Information Communication Technology can be defined as the
set of technological tools and resources used to communicate, create, store, and
manage information.

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ITC covers various technologies including telephones, mobiles, tablets,
computers, Internet, etc. as a basic component of ICT. These days ICT are used
in almost every field like in education, banking, industries, medicine, science
and technology, insurance, e-commerce, etc.

Modern civilization has become so complicated and sophisticated that one has to
be competitive to survive. This compels the people to keep themselves informed
of all types of happenings in the society.

The following are the Uses of ICT
Send and receive the information with the help of the internet.
Distance learning and online education.
Online health service and medical advice.
Online business and shopping.
Online communication like video conference.

Application areas of ICT

ICT at Banks

These days banking sectors are massively using the
ICT tools to provide the services to their customers.
Banking sectors are using mainframe computers to
maintain their customer accounts by dealing with
transactions generated as a result of withdrawals
and deposits. Most of the financial activities are
being controlled and handled with the use of
technology at banks. Banking sectors are using the
computer because of the following reasons.

To provide an online banking, mobile banking, ATM services, Internet banking,
SMS banking, etc.

To control the entire banking system, activities and transactions.

The uses of ATM at banks are:

to withdraw cash,

140 New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6

to check an account balance,

to order a statement or print a statement,

to order a cheque book, etc.

The advantages of using ATM at bank:
Banks can minimise their operating costs down because fewer employees are

needed.
Customers have 24-hour access to their accounts and seven days in a week;
No need to carry large amounts of cash.

ICT in education

Technology has already changed the world, including
the way we learn and teach. These days ICT tools are
mostly used in schools, colleges and in higher studies
for teaching learning activities. Teaching learning
process is almost impossible without the use of ICT
these days. Technology can bring many benefits to
education such as using mobile devices, laptop, projector, computing tools, etc. to
improving the participation and interaction of students during teaching activities.

In school, ICT tools are used not only for the teaching learning activities but
also it can be used in other sections of schools like in accounting, attendance,
administration, networking, etc.

ICT in Health sector

The role of Information Communication and
Technology is rapidly increasing in health
sector. Information and communications
technologies (ICTs) can play a vital role in
improving health care for individuals and
communities by providing new and more
efficient ways of accessing, communicating, and

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storing information. ICTs can help to bridge the information divides that
have emerged in the health sector in developing countries between health
professionals and the communities they serve and between the producers of
health research and the practitioners who need it. Through the development
of databases and other applications, ICTs also provide the capacity to
improve health system efficiencies and prevent medical errors.

ICT in communication

Using technology in communication is essential
these days. It is now part of our lives. People
communicate through emails, faxes, mobile
phones, texting services, video conferences,
video chat rooms and social media channels.
Technology has completely changed the way
of communication among the people. There is
an impact of communication even in business.
These days, every business uses technology in
its own way to reach the media and targeted consumers. Also, businesses have
embraced technology by enabling communication within companies and among
investors and suppliers. With the increased use of social based networks, people
can create new relationships and also connect with friends.

ICT in Entertainment

ICT has now become an integral part of the
entertainment. They are used for creating special
effects and also in editing videos. They are used to
create full-length movies with cartoon characters.
They are also used in multimedia presentation. ICT
related tools help in composing, editing, recording and
reproducing music and sound effects. The computers
are used in sports to analyze the movements of
sportsperson and to find faults in the movements and
optimize them so that maximum efficiency is achieved. Special 3D, 6D, 8D and so
other types of animated movies are possible due to the ICT tools.

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Quick Learn

 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) refers to all the
technology used to handle telecommunications, broadcast media and
audio-visual processing.

 Information Communication Technology can be defined as a set of
technological tools and resources used to communicate, create, store, and
manage information.

 These days banking sectors are massively using the ICT tools to provide
the services to their customers.

 The role of Information Communication and Technology is rapidly
increasing in health sector.

 These days, every business organizations uses technology in its own way
to reach the media and targeted consumers.

 ICT has now become an integral part of the entertainment.

Computer Crime

Computer crime is a new social and personal problem in our society, therefore,
we must know that what computer crime is. Computer crime is the criminal
activities that are created with the help of a computer, computing devices or
network. Computer crime includes acts in which you use a computer or a network
to harm someone else either by stealing data, spreading a virus, hacking someone’s
computer, etc.

Computer or cybercrime includes hacking, copying of the copyright material,
child grooming, stealing and misuse of confidential information of someone else ,
making a computer virus and so on.

Some types of computer crimes are listed below.

Spam: Sending many mails to people in order to conduct commercial benefits.

Fraud: A dishonest way to make someone to do a loss which could make a profit
for you in any case e.g. make a false webpage of a bank to retrieve information of
account of someone.

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Offensive contents: Websites such as blogs publishing political, social or religious
information which could be suitable for one group but is harmful for the other.

Harassment: Mail individual or a particular group and make offence on the base of
age, sex, caste, religion, etc. These things are also done in chat rooms.

Malware and virus: Creating tools to harm the computer of others.

Hacking: Controlling computer of others and stealing information, data or use it to
conduct a crime.

Ethical issues in computing

Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behaviour of a group or individual.
Computer ethics is a set of moral principle that regulate the use of computers. Some
common issues of computer ethics include intellectual property rights, privacy
concerns, and how computers affect society. Here are some commandments of
computer ethics.

Do not use computer to harm others.
Do not use computer for illegal works.
Do not use the computer to steal documents.
Do not use computer to bear false witness.
Do not use other people’s intellectual property without any permission.
Do not look around in other people’s computer file and their work.
Do not use and copy pirated software and programme.
Always think about the social consequences of the programme that you are
writing or the system you are designing.
Always use a computer in ways that demonstrate consideration and respect
for your fellow human.

Cyber Law in Nepal

The government of Nepal announced “The Electronic Transaction and Digital
Signature Act-Ordinance” known as “Cyber Law” on 30th Bhadra 2061 BS
(15 September,2004). It was approved as the Electronic Transaction
Act-2063 only on 4th December 2006 AD. It was formulated mainly to legalize
different trading activities through the global computer network and to

144 New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6

give a boost to the e-government activities. It contains a strong provision of
punishment against cybercrime according to the nature of the crime.

Quick Learn

 Computer crime is a new social and personal problem in our society these
days.

 Ethics is a set of moral principles that govern the behaviour of a group or
individual.

 The government of Nepal announced “The Electronic Transaction and
Digital Signature Act-Ordinance” known as “Cyber Law” on 30th Bhadra
2061 BS (15 September,2004).

 Do not use and copy pirated software and programme because it is an
ethics regarding computing.

Evaluation Activities

1. Choose the best answer from the given alternatives.

a. ICT stands for .

i. Information Computing & Technology

ii. Information Communication & Technology

iii. Information Communication & Techniques

b. ICT can be used in .

i. Banking sector ii. Educational sector iii. Both sector

c. Which of the following services is possible with the help of technology?

i. ATM at bank ii. CCTV system ii. Both

d. Which of the following is related with computer ethics?

i. Copying intellectual property without any permission

ii. Buying technological devices iii. Providing ICT knowledge.

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e. Which of the following is computer crime?

i. Spam ii. Fraud iii. Both

2. State whether the following statements are true or false.

a. These days the uses of ICT is increasing in every field.

b. ICT covers various technologies including telephones, mobiles, tablets,
computers, Internet, etc.

c. Cybercrime may include wider terms like hacking, copying of the
copyright materials, etc.

d. Cyber law was introduced in Nepal in 2060 BS.

e. We should not use computer for illegal works.

f. Fraud is not included in computer crime.

3. Fill in the blanks with correct word/ phrases.

a. …………………………. refers to all the technology used to handle
telecommunications, broadcast media and audio-visual processing.

b. ………………can be defined as the set of technological tools and
resources used to communicate, create, store, and manage information.
c. These days banking sectors are massively using the ……………… tools to
provide the services to their customers.

d. …………………..have now become an integral part of the entertainment.

e. …………………. is a new social and personal problem in our society these
days.

f. ……………….. is a set of moral principles that govern the behaviour of a
group or individual

146 New Gateway to Computer Science Book-6

4. Answer the following questions.

a. What is an ICT ? Write down the uses of ICT.

b. Write down the application areas of an ICT.

c. What is the role of ICT in banking sector?

d. Explain the role of ICT in communication.

e. Define computer crime.

f. Write down the types of computer crime.

g. What is computer ethics?

h. Write any six commandments of the computer ethics.

i. Name some technological devices that you know.

Project Work & Activity

a. Prepare and conduct a speech competition on "The role of ICT in education
sector".
b. List out the technological devices that are used at your school and prepare
a short report.
c. Collect any 10 ICT related articles / news from different newspaper and
paste them in your schools notice board.
d. Take a short interview with your computer teacher and principal about
what types of technological devices are they using at their home or even at
school.

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11Lesson Introduction to
Computer Virus

Learning Objectives

At the end of this lesson, the students will be able to:
• define the computer virus.
• tell the types of computer viruses.
• list out the symptoms of computer virus.
• write about preventive measure from the virus infection.

Lets Update

• In 2008 AD, Mocmex a dangerous computer virus was found. It was a
Trojan that was traced to a digital photo frame.
• The “I love you” virus, also known as the “Love Bug” infected more
than a million PCs in 2000 AD.
• The first version of Kaspersky Lab’s antivirus software was developed
by Eugene Kaspersky in 1989 AD.

Introduction

The term ‘computer virus’ was first formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983.
A computer virus is a computer programme that can copy itself and infects a
computer without the permission or knowledge of the user. A virus consists of a
set of instructions that attaches itself to other computer programmes, usually in
the computer’s operating system, and becomes a part of them. A virus is usually
designed to execute when it is loaded into a computer’s memory.Viruses spread when
the software or documents they get attached to are transferred from one computer
to another using a network, a disk, file sharing methods, or through infected
e-mail attachments. Some viruses use different stealth strategies to avoid their
detection from anti-virus software.

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I love you,Yankee Doodle, Nimda, Morris Worm, Conficker, Storm Worm, SkyNet,
Zeus, Mydoom, SQL Slammer, Melissa, Pikachu, etc. are the popular and the
dangerous computer viruses.

How does computer virus spread?

A virus can be spread by opening an email attachment, clicking on an executable
file, visiting an infected website or viewing an infected website advertisement.
It can also be spread through infected removable storage devices, such USB
drives. Once a virus has infected the host, it can infect other system software or
resources, modify or disable core functions or applications, as well as copy, delete
or encrypt data.

Quick Learn

• A computer virus is a computer programme that can copy itself and infect a
computer without the permission or knowledge of the user.

• A virus consists of a set of instructions that attaches itself to other computer
programmes.

• A virus is usually designed to execute when it is loaded into a computer’s
memory.
• I love you, Yankee Doodle, Nimda, Morris Worm, Conficker, Storm Worm,
etc. are the popular and the dangerous computer viruses.
• A virus can be spread by opening an email attachment.

Types of viruses

File infector virus: Some file infector viruses attach themselves to programme
files, usually selected .com or .exe files.

Macro viruses: These viruses specifically target macro language commands in
applications like Microsoft Word and other programmes.

Overwrite viruses: Some viruses are designed specifically to destroy a file or
application’s data. After infecting a system, an overwrite virus begins overwriting

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