Ramro Nepali 7

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

c3f]/}, k|z;+ f, plxNo}, sNsnfpFbf, nvt/fg, /gfxf, ;Ghf]u, ckl/lrt,
alh|g,' v'qS' s, 6f]8\sf], hg;ª\Vof, ;'Joj:yf, km'?ª\u, pQ/bfloTj, 56' \sf/f
@= tnsf zAbsf] cy{ 5fg/] nv] / k9 M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ Ps lsl;dsf] ;?jf /f]u
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ z/L/df vl6/f cfpg] /f]u
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ dfofddtf gePsf]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ 7n' f] lk/
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ lji0f' eujfg\ a:g] 7fpF
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ bof nfUg'
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ /fd|f] aGbf]a:t
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ b]v]/ bof nfUg]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ vfg]s'/f gkfpg] cj:yf

lg7'/L /gfxf dxfdf/L lakm/ l67 nfUg'
;'Joj:yf clgsfn j}s0' 7 bogLo

#= tnsf kbfjnL / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

nvt/fg xg' ' hfGg dg nfUg'
dg cldnf] xg' ' l/; p7\g'
;vfk kfg{' cg'/f]w ug{'
eMIÎV U1J
OU4 E
9J

dVv kg'{ yfSg'
laGtL la;fpg' l;WofpgÙ' ;Sg'
;s;s nfUg' v;' L xg' '
$= 6S' sf / cy{sf] hf]8f ldnfpm M

df; 5g{ hfg' a]OHht ug{'
ldlt k'Ug' efUg'
sn' ]nd 7f]Sg' cfo' ;lsg'
gfs sf6\g' dg{'
%= g=+ $= sf 6'SsfnfO{ jfSodf k|ofu] u/ .

146 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;'gfO kf7–!% ;g' / l7s pQ/df /]hf nufpm M
-s_ Hof]ltifLn] sg' s'/f atfpg ;Sy] <
c_ ;Dk0" f{ u|xx¿sf af/]df
cf_ ;Dk0" f{ k|f0fLx¿sf af/]df
v_ Hof]ltifL crfgs sxfF v;] <
c_ vfN8f]df
cf_ s'jfdf
u_ s;n] Hof]ltifLnfO{ sj' faf6 lgsfNof] <
c_ Pp6f ;fgf] s]6fn]
cf_ k|x/Ln]
3_ Hof]ltifLn] ;fgf] s]6fnfO{ s] eGof] <
c_ d ltd|f] ;kgfsf] cy{ atfOlbG5' .
cf_ d ltd|f] eljio atfOlbG5' .
ª_ ;fgf] s]6fn] Hof]ltifLnfO{ s] eGof] <
c_ xh/' cfˆg} cufl8sf] sj' f b]Vgx' 'Gg .
cf_ xh'/ 3/cufl8sf] ?v b]Vg'xG' g .

@= ltdLn] ;'g]sf] sg' } Pp6f nf]ssyf sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm .
#= dn" kf7sf cgR' 5b] x¿ kfnk} fnf] k9 .
$= dn" kf7af6 kfFrkfrF cf6] f lgDgfg';f/sf zAbx¿ l6k .

…aÚ ko| fu] ePsf …/Ú ko| fu] ePsf …/k] mÚ nfus] f …l/Ú nfus] f rGbl| aGb' nfus] f

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

147/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

%= l7s jfSonfO{ h:tfsf] To:t} / al] 7s jfSonfO{ ;RofP/ ;f/ M
s_ nfn' 3fF; sf6]/ cfˆgf] kl/jf/sf] k]6 kfNYof] .
v_ sfn t ;fFRr}sf] /fIf; h:tf] lyof] .
u_ nfns' f] kl/jf/nfO{ SofG;/ /f]usf] dxfdf/Ln] ;vfk kfl/;s]sf] lyof] .
3_ nfn'n] kfFr jif{ nufP/ l;dnleq Pp6f /fd|f] 3/ agfof] .
ª_ nfn'n] sfnnfO{ 3/leq yg' ]/ /fv]5 .
r_ sfn yl' gPkl5 nfnn' ] sfnsf] sfd u¥of] .
5_ lxhf]cfh klg xfdL sfnnfO{ b]Vg ;S5f}“ .

^= pQ/ b]pm M
s_ nfn' u'?ª s;/L PSnf] eof] <
v_ nfn'sf ljrf/df sfn s:tf] xG' 5 <
u_ sfnn] nfn'nfO{ cfkm" sfn g} x'F eGg] s/' f s;/L k|dfl0ft u/L b]vfof] <
3_ b]jtfx¿ lsg eujfg\ lji0f'sxfF uP <
ª_ nfnn' ] eujfg\nfO{ s] eGof] <
r_ lji0fn' ] sfnnfO{ s] eg]/ ;DemfP <
5_ sfnsf] ljrf/df p;n] s] sf/0fn] bM' v kfPsf] /x]5 <

&= a9fP/ nv] M
s_ dfG5]n] cfkm" d¿FeGbf dg{ gkfOFbf] /x]5, afFr“e" Gbf afFRg gkfOFbf] /x]5 .
v_ o; ;[li6nfO{ rnfO/fVg] xf] eg] x/]sn] cfˆgf]cfˆgf] st{Jo k/" f ug'{k5{ .

*= ts{ lbP/ cfºg} efiffdf pQ/ bp] m -pQ/ la;b]lv krf; zAb;Dddf x'gk' 5{ ._ M
s_ ltdLn] sfnnfO{ b]Vg ;Sg] eP s] uYof}{ <
v_ nfn' u'?ª / sfndf ltdLnfO{ sf] a'l4dfg\ nfUof] / s;/L <
u_ nfn' u'?ªn] sfnnfO{ g5f]8]sf] eP s] xG' Yof] xf]nf <

148 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7 x/] L l7s lrgf] /fv M

s_ nfn'n] bfp/f sf6\g / a]Rg eg] 5f8]g5
v_ sfn dnfO{ e]6\g rflxF lsg gcfPsf] xf]nf
u_ d}n] tkfO{“nfO{ lrg]s} 5}g s;/L af]nfpg'
3_ nfn'n] 5Ss kb}{ ;f]w]5 s;/L lg
ª_ x] eujfg\ dnfO{ s:tf] zlSt lbgx' f];\ eg] d ;+;f/nfO{ b]Vg ;s"F
@= hf8] f ldnfpm M

k"0f{lj/fd lrGx < -k|Zg a'emfpg]_

k|Zgjfrs lrGx † -pb\uf/ jf ;Daf]wg a'emfpg]_

p4/0f lrGx . -jfSo k/" f ug]{_

cNklj/fd lrGx , -;dfg kb, kbfjnL 56' \ofpg]_

pb\uf/÷;Daf]wg lrGx – -kbkbfjnL hf]8\g]_

of]hs lrGx -ÒÒ_ -cy{ k|:6 kfg{ cfpg]_

sf]i7s lrGx æÒÒÆ -egfO h:tfsf] t:t} /fVg]_

#= pbfx/0fdf bv] fP h;/L jfSokl/jt{g u/ M

s_ pm 3/ uof] . pm 3/ hfnf .

v_ efO vfhf vfG5 . u_ a'af cfpg'xG' 5 .

3_ s]6fx¿ v]N5g\ . ª_ rf]/n] ;fdfg rf]5{ .

$= tnsf jfSonfO{ cf1fys{ jfSodf kl/jt{g u/ M

s_ ltdL k9\5f} ltdL k9 .

v_ tF n]V5;\ u_ ltdL 3/ hfG5f} .

3_ ltdLx¿ otf cfpF5f} ª_ tF /fd|/L k9\5;\ .

%= tnsf jfSonfO{ sf]i7sdf lbOPsf ;ªs\ t] sf cfwf/df kl/jt{g u/ M

s_ 5f]/f] /fd|/L k9\5 . -:qLlnª\u_
v_ efO cfof] . -ax'jrg_
u_ d 3/ hfG5' . -t[tLo k?' if_
3_ gfltgL /fd|/L gfR5] . -k'lnª\u_
ª_ tkfO{“ otf cfpg'x'G5 . -cgfb/fyL{_
r_ pgLx¿ v]Ng hfG5g\ . -Psjrg_

149/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

cEof;leqsf] kf7
gs{ / :ju{

Pp6f dfG5] dT[ o'kZrft\ ;f]em} lrquK' tsxfF
ku' ]5 . pm ToxfF k'u]kl5 lrqu'Kt p;n]
u/s] f] kfk jf wds{ f] axLvftf x]g{ yfn5] .
æPs l5g kVg';\ lrqu'KthL †Æ axLvftf
kN6fO/xs] f] lrqu'KtnfO{ /fS] t} To;
dfG5]n] eg]5 .
ælsg <Æ lrqu'Ktn] k|Zg u/5] .
æxg] ';{ \ lrquK' thL † d]/f] sd{sf] kmn t
dn} ] ef]Ugk} 5{ . t/ d]/f] sds{ f cfwf/df
d gs{ jf :ju{ hfg'cufj} d tL b'a} 7fpFsf] Ps emns x]g{ rfxG5' . s[kof bv] fOlbg ;Sgx' 'G5
ls <Æ
To; dfG5]sf] ljgd| cg/' fw] nfO{ l:jsfb{} lrqu'Ktn] p;nfO{ klxn] gs{nfs] n]vs] f] sf7] fdf
nu]5 . To; sf]7fsf] lardf Pp6f 7'nf] 6a] n /x5] . To; 6a] ndf k|z:t / :jflbi6
vfgs] /' fx¿ /flvPsf /x]5g\ . To; 6]andf /flvPsf vfgf eg] xftn] lems]/ vfg gkfOg]
/x5] . tL vfgf vfg rfxgn] ] ToxfF /flvPsf bO' { ld6/ nfdf 8f8' h:tf rDrfn] dfq vfgk' g{]
/x]5 . tL rDrfn] vfgf lgsfn] klg rDrfx¿ w]/} nfdf] ePsfn] d'vdf k;fpg g;s/] To;
6]an jl/kl/ a;]sf dflg;x¿ ef]s} eP/ ?Gr] cgx' f/ nfP/ dg{ nfus] f /x5] g\ .
To;kl5 lrquK' tn] p;nfO{ :ju{nfs] n]vs] f] sf7] fdf nu5] . To; sf7] fdf klg cl3Nnf]
sf]7fsf] h:tf] 7'nf] 6a] n, 6a] nel/ :jflbi6 vfgs] /' f / vfgf vfg] nfdfnfdf rDrfx¿
/x]5g\ . t/ ToxfsF f dflg;x¿ eg] xfF;v'; /x5] g\ . Pscsf;{ Fu ld7fld7f ukm ul//xs] f
/x5] g\ . lsgeg] ltgLx¿ tL nfdfnfdf rDrfn] Psn] csfn{ fO{ vfgf vj' fpFbf /x]5g\ .
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ k9 M

lrqu'Kt M od/fhsxfF dflg;x¿sf u0' fcju0' f, kfkk0' o cflbsf] /]s8{ x]g]{ b]jtf
axLvftf M b}lgs ¿kdf cfDbfgL vr{ b]vfpg] u/L n]lvPsf] lstfa
:ju{ M ;TsdL{x¿ d[Tok' l5 ;v' ef]Ug kU' 5g\ egL k'/f0fdf ljZjf; ul/Psf]

7fpFÙ cToGt /d0fLo :yfgÙ b]jnf]sÙ OGb|k/' L
gs{ M bi' sdL{x¿ d[To'kl5 b08 ef]Ug k'Ug] egL k'/f0fdf ljZjf; ul/Psf] 7fpFÙ

cToGt kmf]xf]/ 7fpF
ljgd| M Hofb} g'x]sf]Ù ems' ]sf]

150 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] clGtd cgR' 5]b /fdf| cIf/n] ;f/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= pQ/ n]v M

s_ lrqu'Ktsf] kl/ro b]pm .

v_ Tof] dfG5]n] lrquK' t;Fu s] eGof] <

u_ gs{nf]s s:tf] /x]5 <

3_ :ju{nf]s s:tf] /x]5 <

ª_ …cEof;leqsf] kf7Úsf] d'Vo cfzo n]v .

$= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

%= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ c1ft e"t sfnsf jfSodf abn M

s_ lrqu'Ktn] p;nfO{ gs{nf]s nUof] . lrqu'Ktn] p;nfO{ gs{nf]s nu]5 .

v_ pgLx¿n] ld7fld7f ukm u/] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ Pp6f dfG5] ;f]em} lrqu'KtsxfF k'Uof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ xfdLn] :ju{nf]s b]Vof}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ 6]andf :jflbi6 vfg]s/' f lyP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

r_ d}n] klg dflysf] syf k9]F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

151/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ= bO' {b'O{ hgfsf] ;dx" agL dflg;sf kfrF kfFr cf6] f /fdf| / g/fd|f afgLx¿ nv] M

/fdf| afgLx¿ g/fdf| afgLx¿

!= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ != ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ @= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

#= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ #= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ $= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ %= ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ :ju{ s:tf] x'G5 < sNkgf u/L !%) zAb;Dddf j0fg{ u/ .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

152 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

kf7 ;?' ugc{' l3 kf7 !^

ca|fxd lnª\sg

õ dflysf lrqx¿ s;s;sf x'g\ . pgLx¿ s'g If]q;uF ;DalGwt 5g\ < atfpm M

zAb / cy{

pb\uf/ – egfO pks/0f – cf}hf/Ò ;fwg
vfl/P/ – z4' eP/ lnnfdlaqmL – a9fa9df ul/g] laqmL
h'nfxf – sk8f aG' g] df]n – efpÒ b/
6x' /' f – cfdf jf afa' tyf b'a} gePsf c;x\o – ;xg g;lsg]
bx] fGt – dT[ o'Ò lgwg duh ;8\lsg'– kfun xg' '
;xfo – ;xfosÒ ;xof]u ug]{ b9[ lgZroL – cfºgf] ljrf/af6 k/ gx6g\ ]
em8s\ ]nf 5f/] f5f]/L – ;ft} fsf 5f]/f5f]/L pGd"ng ug{' – h/b} ]lv pvn] ]/ kmfNg'
jfT;NodoL – ddtfdoL kl| t1f – afrf
lknGw/] – w]/} bA' nfÒ] sdhf]/Ò nt' ] ;dys{ – ;dy{g ug]{
va6] – b'Anf]Ò nt' ] pbL{ – ;an} fO{ lbOg] hfgsf/L
r'/f] – leqL zlSt hldgbf/ – w]/} hUufhldg ePsf]
uGhfuf]n – le8ef8Ò xn' g/lkzfr – lkzfr h:tf] :jefj ePsf dfG5]

153/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

dn" kf7

ca|fxd lnªs\ g

b'MvLsf] 3/df dfq t/] f] af; xg' ] eP
x] OZ{ j/ † bof /fvL dnfO{ cem b'Mv b] .

-d'sG' b OlGb/f_

afns[i0f ;dHos" f] dflysf] pb\uf/ ca|fxd lnªs\ gdf l7Ss ldNg hfG5 . lnªs\ g ul/a
h'nfxfsf s'ndf hGds] f lyP . o;} ul/aLsf] cfuf]df ;g' em“} vfl/P/ ;o+ S' t /fHo cdl] /sf
h:tf] ljzfn bz] sf] ;f/] f“} /fi6«klt x'g k'u] .
caf| xdsf lktf yf]d; lnªs\ g ;o+ 'St /fHo cdl] /sfsf] s]lG6sf] eGg] /fHosf] Pp6f ufpd“ f
a:y] . oxL Pp6f em'kf| df ca|fxdsf] hGd ;g\ !*)( sf] km/j/L dlxgfdf ePsf] lyof] t/
cfºgf] sg' } vt] LkftL jf c¿ :yfoL cfosf] Joj:yf gePsfn] caf| xdnfO{ klg pgs} ;fydf
ef}tfl/g'kYof]{ . s]6fs]6Lsf nflu hxf“ cfºgf afac' fdf ToxL“ 3/ .
lnª\sg logsf] kfl/jfl/s gfp“ lyof] . kl5 pgL caf| xdeGbf a9L lnª\sgsf gfpa“ f6
k|Voft eP . logsL cfdf wflds{ :jefjsL lyOg\ . cfdfsf] oxL ;:+ sf/ dgdf k/s] fn]
lnª\sg wd{ / OZ{ j/df cf:yf /fVg] eP, t/ cfdfsf] rf8“ } b]xfGt ePsfn] pgL / pgsL
lbbL afns cj:yfdf 6'x'/f eP . 6x' /' fsf] ;xfo b}j eg] em“} lnª\sgsf afan' ] csL{ Pp6L
dlxnf;u“ ljjfx u/] . x'g t ;;+ f/df ;f}t]gL cfdf eg]sf Hofb} abgfd 5g\ t/ st}st}
o:tf ;ft} ]gL cfdf klg kfOG5g,\ h;n] dft[xLg em6\sn] f 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ cfºgf ues{ f
154 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

;GtfgnfO{ eGbf klg a9L dfof / k|d] u5g{ \ . lnªs\ gsf] ;fe} fUon] ubf{ tL dlxnf To:t}
jfT;NodoL / kY[ jL h:tf] ljzfn x[boL lyOg\ . To;}n] lnª\sg / pgsL lbbLn] cfdfsf]
ljofu] sf] Tolt si6 ef]Ug'k/]g . oL b'O{ 6'x'/f lbbLefOnfO{ pgn] cfºg} 5f/] f5f/] LnfO{ em“}
dfof u/]/ x'sf{Og\ .
caf| xd lnª\sg hGdbF f Hofb} lknGw/] / lemgf lyP . pgsf] z/L/ pd/] df klg Tolt
km:6fpg ;sg] / kl5;Dd pgL bA' nfkftnf / Hofb} va6] cg'xf/sf lyP . xf,] pgL cUnf
eg] emG8} bO' { ld6/eGbf klg a9L lyP . pgL cfºgf lktf;“u l;sf/ vN] g / kf}8L vN] g
hfg cToGt /dfpy“ ] . 3/df klg bfp/f lrg,{] 5fkf| ] agfpg sf7x¿ cf];fg]{ sfddf afa'nfO{
w]/} ;3fp k¥' ofp“y] . log} ldlxg]t / s;/tsf] sf/0fn] aflx/af6 To:tf lknGw/] / Vofp6]
b]lvP klg r/' f] eg] pgsf] a8f] bla{nf] lyof] . pgL a8f km'lt{nf / cf“l6nf lyP .
lnªs\ gsf afa' ul/a ePsfn] 5f/] f5f/] Lx¿nfO{ eg] h:tf] ljBfnodf lzIffbLIff lbnfpg]
aGbfa] :t ug{ ;sg] g,\ t/ lnª\sgdf 1fgsf] Kof; tLj| ePsfn] pgL kz| :t k:' tsx¿ k9\y]
/ pgnfO{ lstfaL 1fg rflx“ ;fgd} f lgs} kf| Kt e};ss] f] lyof] . ufp“sf] hLjg xg' fn] pgsf]
aflx/L ;dfh;u“ ;Dks{ lyPg, To;n} ] pgnfO{ ;x/sf] /demd / uGhfuf]nsf] k|ToIf
1fg lyPg . pgL cfºgf] / l5ds] dflysf] ;Lldt cfsfz / cfv“ fn] e6] ;] Ddsf] wtL{sf]
lj:tf/nfO{ x]/]/ To;eGbf k/ s] xfn] f eGga] f/] ;f]lr/xGy] . pgL slxn] cfºgf] 3/ glhs}
aUg] gbLnfO{ xb] {} To;sf] 6'ª\uf] sxf“ xfn] f egL cfZro{ dfGy] .
lktfsf ;fy gofg“ of“ a:tLsf] vf]hdf 8'Ng / gof“gof“ ufp“ / jftfj/0f 3'Dg pgL /dfpy“ ]
;fy} 5Ss klg ky]{ .

155/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

lnªs\ g klxnf]kN6 Ps hgf wgLsf 5f/] fsf] ;fydf ;x/ kU' bf Toxfs“ f lemlnldnL /
Toxf“sf cfw'lgs pks/0fx¿ bv] ]/ Hofb} rlst eP . pgL cfºgf] sft} "xnnfO{ zfGt ug{
;x/df 3'dL Toxfs“ f] ;a} s/' fsf] cWoog ug{ yfn] . TolQs}df Pp6f rf}af6fdf sfnf]
dflg;sf] lnnfdlaqmL x'g nfu]sf] b]v] . To; dflg;sf] 3f“6Ldf kzs' f] 3f6“ Ldf em}“ l;qmLn]
af“lwPsf] lyof] / Toxf“ le8df hDdf ePsf wgLx¿ p;sf] a9La9fp dfn] ug{ yfn]sf lyP .
lnª\sgn] o;/L dflg;nfO{ lnnfd u/]sf] slxNo} bv] s] f lyPgg\ . To;n} ] of] s] xf] eg]/
De
J 3V KJI GIOJ Xœ IZ@ ™@ ‡R[Iœ V@ XJ^ QIX@VI@ RI@ Iœ /GI O TP/Q@ DIœZ@VI@ GIOJ
sf] xf] <Æ
lnª\sgsf] kZ| gsf] pQ/df To; dflg;n] oxf“ sdf/fsdf/Lsf] lnnfdlaqmL xg' nfus] f] 5,
of] sfnf] sdf/f] xf] / p;sf] dflnsn] p;nfO{ aR] g vf]Hb} 5 . wgL dflg;x¿ t“5f8d5f8
u//] p;nfO{ lsGg vf]Hb} 5g\ eg]/ al] nla:tf/ nufof] . o;/L dfG5n] fO{ kz'em}“ laqmL ug{
nfus] f] bv] /] tL afns lnªs\ gsf dgdf a8f] b'Mv nfUof] . pgn] dgdg} cfkm;" u“ ;f]w–] s]
dflg;nfO{ klg kzh' :t} u/L a]Rg' Gofo xf] <
xf]Og, of] cGofo xf] . pgsf] cfTdfn] lrRofP/ eGof] . t/, csfk{] N6 klg pgn] o;} u/L
sfnf cfOdfO{ / nf]Ugd] fG5s] f] lnnfd ePsf] bv] ] . oL sfnf dflg; uf]/fx¿n] clkm| sfaf6
l;sf/ u/L NofPsf lyP . o;}n] uf/] fx¿sf] pgLx¿dfly dg nfuL Jojxf/ ug{ sfg'gL xs
lyof] . pgnfO{ c;xo\ eof] . o;/L wgLn] wgsf] andf csf]{ dflg;nfO{ sdf/f] tN' ofO{

156 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

kz'em“} Jojxf/ ug{' 3f]/ cGofo xf] . o:tf] sfg'g 5 eg] of] sfgg' xfO] gÒ s'sfgg' xf] . o:tf]
ky| fsf] gfz xg' k' 5{ . pgsf dgdf o:t} s/' f vN] g yfn] .
oltv]/ cdl] /sf cªu\ ]|hsf] kGhfaf6 kml' Ts;s]sf] lyof] / kh| ftGqjfbL Joj:yf Toxf“ lyof]
t/ Toxf“ rns] f] o:tf] s'k|yf lnªs\ gnfO{ kh| ftGqsf dv' sf] sfnf] bfuem}“ nfUof] . pgn]
cln k9]n]v/] cWoog u/k] l5 Toxfs“ f d} x'“ eGg]x¿nfO{ eg,] æsdf/f] eg]/ kze' m“} ar] lavg
ug{ kfOG5 < To;nfO{ kh| ftGq eGg' t k|hftGqsf] lvNnL p8fpg' xf] . s] o;n] tkfOx“{ ¿sf]
gfs sfl6Pg <Æ
ul/asf] 5f/] f lnªs\ gsf] s/' f s;n] ;'Gg] < Toxfs“ f wgL dflg;, 7n' fa8f hldgbf/
k“'hLkltx¿n] pgnfO{ jflxoft / duh ;8\ss] f] eg/] p8fpg yfn,] t/ pgsf] ljrf/n]
pgLx¿ leqleq 8/fpg yfn]sf lyP . To;sf/0f pgLx¿ lnªs\ gsf lj/fw] L eP .
t/ lnª\sg a8f b[9 lgZroL dflg; lyP . To;}n] pgn] dgdgdf Pp6f 8/nfUbf] kl| t1f
u/–] æd Ps lbg o; l3gnfUbf] ky| fnfO{ h/;} d]t pvn] /] kmfNg]5' .Æ
k|lt1f t u/,] t/ of] ;lhnf] s'/f lyPg . o;sf nflu pgn] oxf“sf hgtfnfO{ ljZjf;df
kf//] zlSt cfºgf] xftdf lng'kg]{ lyof,] t/ pgL lxDdtxf/f lyPgg\ . pgn] dflg;x¿df of]
k|yfsf] v/faL / cGofoaf/] rt] gf kmn} fpg yfn] . pgL oltan] f;Dd jlsn klg eO;ss] f
lyP . pgn] ul/a / c;xfosf kIfaf6 d'2f n8g\ klg ;'? u/] . pgsf] o:tf] dfgjLo sfo{n]
ubf{ cdl] /sfsf cfwfeGbf a9L hgtf pgsf ;dy{s eP / r'gfpdf pgnfO{ lhtfP /
cfºgf] bz] sf] /fi6k« lt agfP . Pp6f ul/a bfp/]sf] 5f/] f a'l4 / hgtfkl| tsf] Odfgbf/Lsf]
ann] Toqf] cd]l/sfsf] /fi6k« lt ag] .
/fi6«klt ag]kl5 t lnªs\ gsf] xftdf eg] h:tf] zlSt cfOxfNof] . kl5 pgn] tTsfn}
cdl] /sfdf sdf/fsdf/L ky| fsf] pGd"ng ug{ pgLx¿sf] C0f ;/sf/n] ltl/lbg] 3f]if0ff ub{}
k:| 6;u“ eg–] æcab]lv cdl] /sfdf sdf/fsdf/L lsgar] ug{ / dflg;nfO{ sdf/fsdf/Lsf]
¿kdf /fVg kfOGg . hf] o; sfgg' sf] cjx]ngf unf{ To;n] s8f ;hfo kfpnf .Æ
o; pbLn{ ] ;f/f ul/a hgtf / sfnfx¿sf] ju{ ;/sf/sf] kIfdf eof], t/ klg hldgbf/x¿
;/sf/sf] lj/f]wL eP . pgLx¿n] lnªs\ g ;/sf/sf] ckdfgsf] ;fy} hgtfdf bf; ky| f
sfod /fVg] rt] gf hufpg] k|oTg ub/{} x] . cflv/ o; s'/fdf lnª\sgsf] lht eof] . t/,
3l[ 0ft wgLju{ pgLbl] v cToGt lrl9Psf] lyof] . Ps /ft gfr3/df gfr xl] //xs] f] avt
log} dWo]sf] sg' } g/lkzfrn] lnª\sgnfO{ k5fl8af6 ufn] L xfg]/ dfl/lbof] .
c;n sfo{df o:t} lj£g k5{ / dfgjtfsf k'hf/L, ;Tosf eSt dxfk?' ifx¿ o:tf lj£gaf6
8Ubg} g\ / cfºgf] dxfg\ sfos{ f] 6'ªu\ f] nufpgd} k|f0f lbG5g\ . lnª\sg klg To:t} dxfk?' if
lyP / pgn] dfG5s] f] lgwf/af6 7n' f] snª\ssf] 6Lsf d6] \g ;ª3\ if{ u/] . cflv/ o;nfO{
;kmn kf/]/ d/] . 7'nf dfG5] ;+;f/sf] s'g} sg' fdf hGd] tfklg pgLx¿ ljZjs} eP/ /x]sf
xG' 5g\ .

-;fef/ M dx]Gbd| fnf sIff–*_

157/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M em6\s]nf lknGw/]
pb\uf/ ;f}efUo h'nfxf 6x' '/f c;x\o ;8\lsg'
va6] uGhfuf]n pks/0f lnnfdlaqmL g/lkzfr pbL{
b[9lgZroL pGd"ng k|lt1f ;fy{s

@= tn cy{ 5g\ . l7s zAbdf uf]nf] 3/] f nufpm M

z'4 x'g' vfl/g' dfl;g'

5f]/f5f]/LnfO{ em}F dfof ug]{ em6\s]nf jfT;NodoL

w]/} bA' nf] df]6f] lknGw/]

a9fa9 u/]/ ul/g] laqmL lnnfdlaqmL vl/b

w]/} hUufhldg ePsf] ;fx' hldgbf/

lkzfr h:tf] :jefj ePsf] dfG5] g/]z g/lkzfr

#= tnsf kbfjnL / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

pGd"ng ug{' afa' jf cfdf jf ba' } gePsf 5f]/f5f]/L

em6\s]nf 5f]/f5f]/L h'nfxfsf] kl/jf/

6x' /' f 5f]/f5f]/L lzIffsf] ltvf{
hn' fxf sn' w]/} cTofrf/
wfld{s :jefj h/}b]lv pv]n]/ kmfNg'
1fgsf] Kof; ;f}tfsf 5f]/f5f]/L
3f]/ cGofo wd{df ljZjf; ug]{ afgLa]xf]/f
$= Pp6} cy{ cfpg] zAb ;u“ } n]v M
pb\uf/ b]xfGt va6] pks/0f df]n k|lt1f ljzfn

b'Anf] cf}hf/ afrf 7n' f] efp egfO d[To'

%= tnsf zAbsf] ljk/LtfyL{ zAb nv] M

;v' L, c:yfoL, Joo, cgf:yf, b'ef{Uo, ;o+ f]u, vl/b, Gofo

158 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

af]w / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;'gfO kf7–!^ Wofgk"js{ ;'g / sDtLdf !@ hgf /fli6«o ljel" tsf] gfd nv] M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;'gfO kf7–!^ kg' M ;g' / l7s pQ/df /h] f nufpm M

s_ @)!* ;fndf slt hgf /fli6«o lje"ltsf] gfd 3f]if0ff ePsf] lyof] <

c_ !! cf_ !# O_ !^

v_ @)%% ;fndf s;sf] gfd /fli6«o lje"ltdf ;dfj]z ul/of] <

c_ df]tL/fd e§ cf_ zª\vw/ ;fVjf O_ kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{

u_ @)%^ ;fndf s;sf] gfd /fli6«o ljel" tdf ;dfj]z ul/of] <

c_ zª\vw/ ;fVjf cf_ efg'eQm cfrfo{ O_ aneb| sF'j/

3_ dxfu?' kmfNu'gGbsf] gfd /fli6«o lje"ltdf slxn] ;dfj]z eof] <

c_ @)%% ;fndf cf_ @)%^ ;fndf O_ @)^^ ;fndf

#= s'g} Ps hgf /fli6o« ljel" tsf af/]df ltdLn] hfg] hlt s/' f atfpm .

$= d"n kf7 kfnk} fnf] k9 .

%= d"n kf7af6 lgDgfg';f/sf zAb

;'?df bL3{ Osf/ nfu]sf zAb cGTodf x|:j Osf/ nfu]sf zAb

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

159/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

^= d'vn} ] hafkm bp] m M
s_ …ds' 'Gb OlGb/fÚ gf6s s;n] n]v]sf x'g\ <
v_ ca|fxd lnª\sg s'g b]zsf gful/s x'g\ <
u_ ca|fxd lnª\sgsf] hGd ePsf] clxn] slt jif{ eof] <
3_ ca|fxd lnª\sg cd]l/sfsf sltcf}F /fi6«klt xg' \ <
ª_ afac' fdf gePsfnfO{ s] eG5g\ <

&= 5f]6f] pQ/ b]pm M
s_ lnª\sgsL cfdfsf] k|efj s;/L lnª\sgdf k¥of] <
v_ ca|fxd lnª\sgsL ;f}t]gL cfdf s:tL lyOg\ <
u_ ca|fxd lnª\sg ;fgf] 5Fbf s:tf lyP <
3_ ca|fxd lnª\sg klxnf]kN6 ;x/ k'Ubf pgn] s] b]v] <
ª_ lnª\sgsf lj/f]wLx¿ s;/L a9] <
r_ ca|fxd lnª\sgn] s:tf] k|lt1f u/] <
5_ ca|fxd lnª\sg s;/L cd]l/sfsf] /fi6«klt ag] <
h_ ca|fxd lnª\sgn] s:tf] pbL{ u/] <
e_= ca|fxd lnª\sgnfO{ s;n] lsg df¥of] <

*= nfdf] pQ/ nv] M
s_ …6x' /' fsf] ;xfo b}jÚ eGg] plSt lnª\sgsf] hLjgdf s;/L nfu' x'G5 < :ki6
kf/ .
v_ ca|fxd lnª\sgsf] afNosfn s;/L laTof] < pgsf] zf/Ll/s, cfly{s cj:yf
s:tf] lyof] <
u_ Pp6f ul/a kl/jf/df hlGdPsf ca|fxd lnª\sg s;/L cd]l/sfsf ;jf]{Rr
kbdf ljhoL eP <
3_ cd]l/sfdf sfnfx¿sf] cj:yf s:tf] lyof] < ca|fxd lnª\sgn] pSt
cj:yfnfO{ s;/L tf]8\g ;kmn eP <

(= a9fP/ lt;rfln; zAb;Dddf k:| 6 kf/ M
s_ hg' b]zdf dflg;nfO{ sdf/f] agfP/ kz'h:t} a]rlavg ug{ kfOG5, To;
b]znfO{ k|hftGqjfbL eGg' t k|hftGqsf] lvNnL p8fpg' xf] .
v_ c;n sfo{df o:t} lj£g k5{ / dfgjtfsf kh' f/L, ;Tosf eSt dxfk?' ifx¿
o:tf lj£gaf6 8Ub}gg\ / cfˆgf] dxfg\ sfo{sf] 6ª' \uf] nufpgd} k|f0f lbG5g\ .

160 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf pk;u{ nufO{ kfr“ kfr“ cf6] f gof“ zAb agfpm M
s' ± sfg'g Ö s'sfgg'
lj ± of]u Ö ljof]u

@= kf7af6 …aÚ / …jÚ k|of]u ePsf kGw|kGw| cf]6f zAb gbf]xf]¥ofO{ n]v .
#= tnsf ljelSt nfu]sf PsPs cf]6f zAb kf7af6 vf]h/] n]v M

sf], /f], nfO{, df, sf, sL, n], gf], af6
$= l7s ljelSt e/L jfSo k/" f u/ M

s_ /fdÒÒÒ ;fyLx¿ cfP . -sf]÷sf÷sL_
v_ d]ÒÒÒ alxgL cfOg\ . -/f]÷/L÷/f_
u_ cfˆÒÒÒ efOx¿nfO{ af]nfpm . -gf]÷gf÷gL_
3_ d}n] ltdLÒÒÒ af]nfPF . -n]÷nfO{÷sf]_
ª_ ?vÒÒÒ cfFk em¥of] . -n]÷nfO{÷af6_
r_ pm 3/ÒÒÒ a:5 . -sf]÷n]÷df_
%= oL zAbx¿ s'g If]q;u“ ;DalGwt 5g\ < kQf nufpm M
pQL0f{, kf7\oqmd, d"Nofª\sg, pAhgL, v]tLkftL, afnL, Gofo, cbfnt, b08,
;hfo, ph/' , cfljisf/, j}1flgs, k/LIf0f, k|of]uzfnf, lj:kmf]6s, zNolqmof,
PS;/], lkmlhof]y]/fkL, cf}ifwL, cN6«f;fpG8, k/LIff, kf7zfnf, s'nf], lap

lzIff s[lif sfg'g lj1fgk|ljlw lrlsT;f

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
^= tnsf zAbdf …oÚ / …PÚ ldnfP/ n]v M
os, ostf, st{JP, eljiPt\, cfb/0fLP, uo/, op6f, P1, Pd/fh, dg'iP
&= tnsf zAbdf …5 / IfÚ ldnfO{ nv] M
s5\of, dfIff, le5f, If]p, lIf6f], Iffq, If]kf/f], bL5f, Iff]/f]
*= z4' kf/L ;f/ M
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v_ wlg au{ pgL b]lv cTPGt lr9Losf] lyof] . dfG5]n] dfG5]nfO{ sdf/f]agfpg'

3f]/ cGofP xf] .

161/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

cEof;leqsf] kf7

ca|fxd lnªs\ gn] k|wfgfWofksnfO{ nv] ]sf] lr7L

ff f g
kn|

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df g f / f/sf gg df g f / dfg f/
k g gg L s/f d/] f] f/] fn] /fd/| L f] nf f f L
g] f df gg d k / g f fg g] f k g g f d k g
g k g g g] s/f f g f] n] df kf sf] kf
n/ f k / d /L sdf sf] s n/ L d fg g] s/f
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nf fd f fs] f] / f g f] nf k s sf]
d sf/ f/] k f g f] gnf] fsf df / s] f /f df nf] gdf
g/f ]sf df/L / f] k f df k n/ ]sf k n sf] g / df
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nf g] g f] df sf] s/f g] f] f] sf d df k g
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f f f L / f] / f gf f L f g gf] n] f gf]
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d Lg f f] f fsf] n sf f k nfd f / f/f
k/ f g g] f] f] fk df k f f /
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kf sf] s
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jflif{sf]T;jdf cfkm" pkl:yt xg' g;s]kl5 k|wfgfWofksnfO{ k7fPsf] lr7Lsf]
cgs' l" nt cz+ ._

162 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ k9 M
;dlk{t M ;dk{0f ul/Psf]
lgi7fjfg\ M >4f /fVg]Ù lgi7f ePsf]
cljrlnt M g8udufPsf]Ù ljrlnt gePsf]Ù c6n

cgGt M cGTo gePsf]

w}o{ M ;xg] zlSt

k|kmN' n M v';L

nKsf M Hjfnf

cf:yf M lbn}b]lv hfu]sf] ;DdfgÙ cv08 ljZjf;

cfsfª\Iff M OR5f

lxtlrGts M lxt lrtfpg]Ù enf] lrtfpg]

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 Ps hgfn] k:| 6 cfjfhdf k9 / c¿n] Wofgk"j{s ;g' .

#= tnsf] cg'R5b] /fd|f cIf/n] sfkLdf ;f/ M

;a} dflg; Pp6} :jefj / ljrf/sf xF'b}gg\ . ;a} dflg; ;Rrf / Odfgbf/ klg
x'Fb}gg\ . oL s/' fx¿ d]/f] 5f]/fn] /fd|/L ae' mf];\ . p;nfO{ oxfF :jfyL{ g]tfx¿ dfq}
5}gg\, ;dlk{t / lgi7fjfg\ g]tfx¿ klg 5g\Ù oxfF ldqx¿ klg 5g\, zqx' ¿ klg
5g\ eGg] s'/f ae' mfpg'xf];\ . p;n] l;Q}df kfPsf] kfFr 8n/eGbf kl/>d u/L
sdfPsf] Ps 8n/ a9L dN" ojfg\ x'G5 eGg] s/' f ae' mf];\ . p;nfO{ xf/ / lht ba' }df
cljrlnt /xg l;sfpg'xf];\ .

$= pQ/ nv] M

s_ ca|fxd lnª\sgn] cfˆgf] 5f]/fn] s]s] l;sf];\ eGg] rfx]sf 5g\ < !%) zAbdf
n]v .

v_ l;Qd} f kfPsf] kfFr 8n/eGbf kl/>d u/L sdfPsf] Ps 8n/ a9L d"Nojfg\
x'G5 . s;/L <

%= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ OR5fy{ jfSodf abn M

s_ d]/f] 5f]/f] ;a} s/' f /fd|/L ae' m\5 . d/] f] 5f/] fn] ;a} s/' f /fd/| L ae' mf];\ .

v_ pm ;w}F cfzfjfbL /xG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

u_ pgLx¿ 3/ hfG5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

3_ d lr7L k9\5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

ª_ ltdL efUodfgL aG5f} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

r_ /flwsf km'6an v]N5] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ .

163/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ= sIffsf ;Dk0" f{ ljBfyL{x¿ rf/ ;dx" df ljeflht xfc] f] . ca x/]s ;d"xn] kf7 ;?'
ug'{cl3 lbOPsf rf/ hgf JolStdWo] uf]nf k|yfåf/f Ps hgfsf] 5f6] f] hLjgL agfpm .
cfºgf] ;d"xn] tof/ kf/s] f] hLjgL ;kmf / /fd|f] cIf/df kmf6] fs] kL ug{] kfgfdf ;f/ .
;Dej eP lrq klg 6fF; / ljBfnosf] k|bz{gLkf6Ldf /fv .

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ tnsf dWo] sg' } Ps hgf JolStsf af/]df !%) zAbdf j0f{g u/ M

s_ d]/f xh/' af v_ d]/L xh'/cfdf

u_ d]/f a'af 3_ d]/L cfdf

164 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

;g' fO kf7–!

nfUb5 dnfO{ /dfOnf] d]/} kfvf kv]/f]
lxdfnr'nL dl' Gt/ kfgL eg{] kFw]/f] .

n]s} x]¿F nfnLuF'/f; a]F;L x]¿F KofpnL
lk/tL a:g] k/]jf, lj/x af]Ng] GofpnL
lxdfn 5G' 5 a]ns' L lsls{6fsf] tfFtLn]
h'g]nL /ft latfpF5g\ ufpFbfufpFb} ;fyLn] .

;DemG5' d lxdrn' L cfF;s' f] l9sf v;fnL
of] la/fg' d'n'sdf a:b}g dfof a;fnL
gf} 8fF8fsf] kf/df k|Lltsf] b]z 5 d]/f]
dgdf 3fd gnfu] ;;+ f/} ;f/f cFw]/f] .

– dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]

kf7–@

oxfF ljleGg b]zsf d'b|fx¿ / ltgsf g]kfnL ?k}ofFdf ljlgod b/ lbOPsf] 5 –

x o'/f]lkog o'/f] ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF !@@
x cd]l/sg 8n/ ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF !)#
x a]nfotL kfpG8 :6ln{ª 8n/ ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF !#&
x c:6«]lnog 8n/ ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF &*
x ;fpbL c/]laog l/ofn ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF @&
x stf/L l/ofn ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF @*
x dn]l/og l/ª\u]6 ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF @%
x hfkfgL o]g !) a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF (
x o'PO{ lb/fd ! a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF @*
x sf]l/og jf]g !)) a/fa/ g]kfnL ?k}ofF (

165/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

;'gfO kf7–#

s'g b]z s'g pkgfdn] lrlgG5 <
x g]kfnnfO{ ;+;f/sf] 5fgf]sf] gfdn] lrlgG5 .
x rLgnfO{ /ftf] 8«fugsf] b]z eg]/ lrlgG5 .
x e'6fgnfO{ r6\ofªsf] b]z elgG5 .
x yfONofG8nfO{ d':sfgsf] b]z elgG5 .
x lrnLnfO{ sljx¿sf] b]z elgG5 .
x OlhK6nfO{ gfOn gbLsf] pkxf/ dflgG5 .
x ?jfG8fnfO{ xhf/f}F kxf8sf] b]z elgG5 .
x hfkfgnfO{ ;o" f{]bosf] b]z elgG5 .
x dª\uf]lnofnfO{ lgnf] cfsfzsf] el" d eg]/ lrlgG5 .
x blIf0f clkm|sfnfO{ OGb|]gLsf] /fi6« elgG5 .

;g' fO kf7–$

Ps lbg Ps hgf eb| dlxnf ;8sdf lxFl8/x]sL lyOg\ . crfgs dxfg\ snfsf/ kfAnf]
lksf;f];Fu pgsf] hDsfe]6 eof] . o; s|ddf pgn] elgg\, ælksf;f]hL † xh'/;Fu e]6
xg' ' d]/f] ;f}efUo xf] . o; e]6nfO{ clj:d/0fLo agfpg xh'/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] lrgf] lbg
;Sg'x'G5 ls <Æ
eb| dlxnfsf] cfu|xdf lksf;f]n] emf]nfaf6 Pp6f sfuh lgsfn] / cfwf ldg]6 hlt
;do vr{]/ To; sfuhdf Pp6f lrq agfP .
ToxL lrq pgn] tL dlxnfnfO{ lbP .
tL eb| dlxnfn] cfˆgf ;fyLx¿nfO{ lksf;f];Fusf] e]6 / pgsf] lrgf]sf] s/' f ul/g\ .

166 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

;fyLx¿sf] ;?' df pgsf] s'/f kTofPgg\ t/ ha ltgn] lksf;f]n] agfP/ lbPsf] lrq
b]vfOg\, pgLx¿ ;a}sf] dv' v'Nnfsf] vN' n} /x\of] . lsgeg] lksf;f]sf] sg' } klg lrq
b; nfv ?k}ofFeGbf sd d"Nosf] x'GgYof] .
æltdLn] t of] lrgf] xf]Og, b;f}F nfv kf] kfPsL 5f} t † gkTofP of] lrq ltdL cf6{
Uofn/Lx¿df n}hfpm t . ltdL b;f}F nfv kfpg ;S5f}F .Æ eb| dlxnfsf ;fyLx¿n] eg] .
geGb} tL dlxnf ;x/sf gfdL cf6{ Uofn/Ldf uOg\ / lksf;f]n] lbPsf] Tof] lrq b]vfOg\ .
lrq b]Vg]lalQs} Uofn/Lsf ;~rfns b;f}F nfv ltg{ tof/ eP .
To;kl5 tL dlxnf lksf;f] sxfF uOg\ / eGg yflng ælksf;f] dxf]bo † d tkfO{F;Fu
lrqsnf l;Sg cfPsL † dnfO{ cfˆgf] lziof dfg]/ l;sfOlbg;' \ g .Æ
ætkfO{F o; pd]/df cfP/ lsg lrqsnf l;Sg rfxg'xG' 5 <Æ lksf;f]n] ;f]w] .
ætkfO{Fn] lt; ;]s]G8hlt nufP/ agfPsf] lrqsf] df]n t b;f}+ nfveGbf w]/} /x]5 .
d}n] klg tkfO{F;Fu l;s]/ lrq agfPF eg] b; nfv geP klg, Ps nfv g} ;xL, jf
To;eGbf s]xL sd jf a];L t sdfpg ;S5' xf]nf lg . To;}n] l;Sg cfPsL .Æ eb|
dlxnfn] hafkm lbOg\ .
æ;Sg'x'G5 t/ d}n] h:t} o; If]qdf k}Flt;rfln; jif{ lbg'k5{ . s] tkfO{F Tof] ug{
;Sgx' G' 5 <Æ lksf;f]sf] hafkm ;g' ]/ dlxnfsf] dv' v'Nnfsf] vN' n} /x\of] .

;'gfO kf7–%

dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] hGd !(^^ sflQs @& ut] nIdL kh" fsf lbg l8NnLahf/,
sf7df8f}d+ f ePsf] lyof] . lktf ltndfwj b]jsf]6f / dftf cd//fHonIdLsf ;flxnf
;Gtfgsf] ¿kdf hGd]sf nIdLk|;fbsf] Gjf/fgsf] gfd eg] tLy{dfwj b]jsf]6f lyof] .
nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f g]kfnL efiffsf dxfg\ slj x'g\ . pgsf] sljtf …k"l0f{dfsf] hnlwÚ

167/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

!((! ;fndf 5flkPsf] xf] . lj=;+= !((@ df pgsf] rlr{t v08sfJo …d'gfdbgÚ 5flkof] .
pgsf] klxnf] dxfsfJo …zfs'GtnÚ eg] lj=;=+ @))# df 5flkPsf] xf] . pgn] hLjgsfn
el/df ^%) hlt km'6s/ sljtf, PSsfO; cf]6feGbf a9L v08sfJo, 5 cf]6f dxfsfJo,
bO' {cf]6f lgaGw ;ª\u|x, b'O6f gf6s, Pp6f pkGof; / s]xL syfx¿ /r]sf 5g\ .
dxfslj nIdLk|;fbsf] d[To' lj=;+= @)!^ ebf} @( ut] cfo{3f6df eof] .

;'gfO kf7–^

dxfef/tsf /rlotf Jof; xg' \ . pgn] rf/ cf]6f j]b / c7f/ cf]6f k'/f0f ;d]t n]v]sf
x'g\ elgG5 .
Jof; Clif k/f;/ / ;TojtLsf kq' x'g\ . ;TojtL :ju{sL >flkt cK;/f clb|sfsL
kq' L xg' \ . afNosfnel/ df5fh:t} ugfpFlyg\ . To;}n] pgnfO{ dT:ouGwf elgGYof] . t/
k/f;/ Clif;Fu e]6 ePkl5 pgsf] z/L/af6 6f9f6f9f;Dd ld7f] ;'uGw km}ng yfNof] .
To;kl5 pgnfO{ of]hguGwf eGg yflnof] .
ltg} ;TojtLsf] ljjfx ;d|f6 zfGtg';Fu eof] . zfGtg' xl:tgk/' sf /fhf lyP . pgsL
kj" {kTgL uª\ufaf6 hGd]sf b]jj|t hjfg / k/fqmdL /fhsd' f/ g} dxfef/tdf kl5 eLid
lktfdxsf gfdn] lrlgPsf 5g\ . zfGtg' / ;TojtLsf sf]vaf6 lrqfª\ub / ljlrqjLo{
gfds b'O{ 5f]/f hGd]sf lyP . lrqfª\ub uGwj{;Fusf] o'4df cNkfod' } dfl/P . ljlrqjLo{
klg cNkfod' } d/] . ljlrqjLo{sf b'O{ hgf ljwjfx¿af6 hGd]sf bO' { ;Gtfg g} w[t/fi6«
/ kf08' x'g\ . w[t/fi6«sf 5f]/fx¿nfO{ sf}/j / kf08s' f 5f]/fx¿nfO{ kf08j elgG5 .

168 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

kf7–&

tfk] uf5L w/dk'/ d}qL ;dfh,sf7df8f+}
;Ddfgkq

lktf >L d's'Gbk|;fb / dftf >LdtL /fwfb]jL sf sfG5f ;'k'qsf ¿kdf ldlt @)!& dª\l;/
% ut] hnhn]–$, t]x|yd' df hGdL tf]kuf5L–# ;dou9af6 k|j]lzsf k/LIff pQL0f{
ug{x' g' ] tf]kuf5L w/dk'/ d}qL ;dfhsf ;:+ yfks ;b:o, w/dk'/–* -xfn lzj;tfIfL
gu/kflnsf–!_, emfkf :yfoL afl;Gbf tkfO{F >L dx]zk|;fb bfxfn g]kfn ;/sf/sf]
ljlzi6 >]0fL -;lrj_ txdf sfo{/t xg' 'xG' 5 . tkfO{Fdf lglxt d]wf, nugzLntf tyf
s7f]/ ldx]gtaf6 k|fKt o; pknlAwn] tf]kuf5L tyf w/dk'/ Pjd\ l;ª\uf] d}qL ;dfh
uf}/jflGjt ePsf] 5 . o;/L JolQmut tj/af6 /fi6« tyf d}qL ;dfhsf] ul/df a9fpg
tkfO{Fn] k'¥ofpge' Psf] of]ubfgsf] pRr d"Nofª\sg ub{} of] ;+:yf tkfO{Fsf] ;:' jf:Yo,
bL3f{o' / lg/Gt/ ls|ofzLntfsf] sfdgf;lxt tkfO{FnfO{ of] ;Ddfgkq k|bfg ub{5 .

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
dfwjsd' f/ g]kfn xs{/fh /fO{
k"j{ k|wfgdGqL
-k|dv' cltly_ tf]kuf5L w/dk/' d}qL ;dfh
-cWoIf_

ldlt @)&#.)!.)$

169/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

kf7–*

tf/fn] eGbf ljZjdf a9L s] b]Vg ;S5' d
ls/0fn] eGbf km"ndf gf}nf] s] n]Vg ;S5' d
cd/fjtL zG" odf /Rg rfxG5' t}klg
dflg; h:tf] cd/ d}n] b]lvgF So} klg †

– /fi6«slj dfwjk|;fb l3ld/]

;'gfO kf7–(

xfdL jL/ 5f}F
t/ a4' ' 5f}F
xfdL a'4' 5f}F
/ t xfdL jL/ 5f}F
xfdL a4' ' geO{sg jL/ slxNo} xg' ;s]gf}F
xfdL dxfef/tsf] syfdf jl0f{t PsnJo xf}F
k|To]s lkF9Lsf] b|f]0ffrfo{n] xfdLnfO{ pk]Iff u5{
OGsf/ u5{ dfGg xfd|f] of]UotfnfO{
zlQmnfO{
/ cl:tTjnfO{ t/ xfdL ltg} b|f]0ffrfo{sf] d"lt{ agfpF5f}F
cfˆgf] em'k|f]cufl8
To;nfO{ k'H5f}F
9f]U5f}F
lg/Gt/ wg'lj{Bfsf] cEof; u5f}F
/ b|f]0ffrfo{sf] cGo sn' Lg
r]nfx¿eGbf a9L sz' ntf k|fKt u5f}{F .

– ;fef/M ek" L z]/rgsf] …xfdLÚ sljtfaf6

170 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

kf7–!)

Ps hgf Jofkf/L cfˆgf] uwfnfO{ b'O{ af]/f gg' af]sfP/ 3/ cfpFb} lyof] .
af6fdf Pp6f 7n' f] gbL lyof] . gbL tb{} ubf{ uwf lrlKnof] / kfgLdf aUg yfNof] . s]xL
a]/ au]kl5 uwf lsgf/df cfOk'Uof] . t/ uwf crDddf k¥of] lsgls p;sf] lk7\o'Fsf]
ef/L xn'sf ePsf] lyof] . gg' gbLsf] kfgLdf lan]/ sd ePsf] lyof] .
csf{] lbg klg Jofkf/L cfˆgf] uwfnfO{ g'g af]sfP/ cfpFb} lyof] . gbL cfOk'u]kl5 uwf
lrKn]h:tf] u/]/ gbLdf aUb} s]xL a]/df lsgf/df lg:Sof] . t];|f]k6s klg uwfn] To;}
u¥of] . t/ Jofkf/Ln] uwfsf] rnfvL a'lemxfNof] .
rf}yf] lbg Jofkf/Ln] uwfsf] lk7\oF'df skf;sf] ef/L afFlwlbof] . uwf gbLdf cfOku' ]kl5
;w}em}F lrKn]/ n8]sf] axfgf u¥of] . uwf gbLdf aUb} uof] . t/ o;k6s crDd eof] .
uwf gbLsf] lsgf/df cfpg} ;s]g . a? skf; leHb} uPkl5 To;sf] ef/n] uwfnfO{
kfgLdf 8a' fOlbof] .

kf7–!!

æOlg:k]S6/ ;fk † d]/f] t a/afb} eof] . rf]/n] t d]/f] 3/df ePsf] gub, ;g' , rfFbL,
nQfsk8f, Nofk6a, l6eL ;a} nu]5 . vf]hL ul/lbg'k¥of] .Æ xGbg] k|x/L lg/LIfssf]
cufl8 ?Fb} chL{ xfNb} lyof] .
æclg s;/L rf]¥of] t <Æ k|x/L lg/LIfs xGbg]nfO{ ;f]Wb} lyof] . stfaf6 xf] cln
cl3b]lv tSd] a'9f Tot}lt/ 8N' b} /x]5 .
ænfv] xf} xGbg] † Pp6f s/' f r}F KofRr} gegL d]/f] d'v lrnfPsf] lgs} ePg xf} † ca
…;kl/jf/ dgsfdgf bz{gdfÚ eg]/ km];a'sdf n]Vg] . kmf]6f] klg km];a'sdf xfNg] . cGt
ltd|f] 3/df rf]/ gk;]/ sxfF hfG5 t sfn vf]Hb} .Æ tSd] a'9fn] eGof] .

171/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

kf7–!@

g]kfn k|fs[lts b[li6n] ljZjs} Pp6f ;G' b/ b]z xf] . o;sf ;fy}F oxfFsf ljleGg :yfgx¿
wfld{s tyf ;f:+ s[lts b[li6n] ljZjrlr{t 5g\ . log} sf/0fn] a;{]gL nfvf}F ko{6sx¿
g]kfnsf] e|d0f ug{ cfO/xG5g\ .

g]kfndf k|fs[lts b[li6n] ljZjsf k|s[lt k|]dLx¿sf] cfFvf nf]Eofpg ;Sg] ;of}F :yfgx¿
5g\ . tLdWo] ;jf{]Rr lzv/ ;u/dfyf / kj" { d]rLblv dxfsfnL;Dd km}lnPsf lxdfno
>[ª\vnf k|dv' 5g\ . o;sf ;fy} sf7df8f}+ pkTosf, kf]v/f, lxdfnkfl/sf] b]z dgfª,
d:' tfª, ljleGg /fli6«o lgs'~h / jGohGt' cf/If cg]sf}+ gbLgfnf, /ftf tfn nufotsf
tfntn}of cflb klg sd 5}gg\ .

g]kfn wfld{s tyf ;f:+ s[lts b[li6n] klg ljZjs} Wofg lvRg ;Sg] b]z xf] . o; b]zn]
ljZjnfO{ Oltxf;b]lv g} ;lxi0f'tfsf] ;'Gb/ kf7 k9fPsf] 5 . zflGtsf bt" uf}td a4' sf]
hGdynf] nl' DagL, kz'kltgfy, :joDeg" fy, dl' Qmgfy, uf];fOFs'08, kj" {sf] kflye/fb]jL
b]lv lnP/, :ju{åf/L cf>d, vKt8 afaf wfdh:tf kljq e"ldx¿ g]kfnsf ;f:+ s[lts
w/f]x/ x'g\ .

kf7–!#

ut ;fnsf] 36gf xf] . Ps lbg d}n] d]/L cfdf;Fu Ps hgf cfkmGtsf] 3/ hfg'
lyof] . a'af 3/df x'g'x'GYof] . xfdL nlntk'/sf] PsfGts'gfdf uP/ dfOqmf]a;
r9\of}F . xfd|f] ofqfsf] b'/L sd x'Fb} lyof] . xfdL aL=PG8= aL= c:ktfnsf] 5]psf]
cf]/fnf]df k'u]sf lyof}F . xfd|f] jfxgsf] a|]s km]n eP5 . xfd|f] dfOj|mf] a;n]
5]p5fpsf oftfoftsf ;fwgnfO{ lxsf{pFb} cufl8 a9\of] . dfOqmf]a; cf]/fnf]
af6fdf ;'n'n' lrlKn/x]sf] lyof] . d}n] d]/f] d[To' cjZo b]v]F . d[To' cufl8 lyof] .
d[To'df d'vdf k'lu;s]sf xfdL ;a}sf] lbg alnof] ePsfn] xfd|f] dfOqmf]a; kmf]xf]/sf]
172 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

y'k|f]df 7f]lSsFbf dfq ;a} hgf xtf/xtf/ aflx/ lgl:sof}F . ;a}n] cfˆgf] Hofg arfpg
;kmn eof}F .
To; lbg d}n] hLjgsf] rqm ae' m]F . dflg;sf] hLjg clglZrt 5 . d[To' lglZrt 5 .
To;afx]s dnfO{ cfˆgf] dft[Tj k|]dsf] klg k/" fk"/ cfef; eof] . To:tf] cK7\of/f]
kl/l:yltdf klg d]/L cfdfn] dnfO{ cfˆgf] cª\ufnf]df Rofk]/ ;'/lIft /fVg ;Sbf] k|of;
ul//xg'ePsf] lyof] . o;af6 d}n] cfdfn] ulx/f] dft[Tjsf] cge' l" t u/]F .

kf7–!$

…kfgL hLjg xf]Ú s;}sf] o; egfOdf ;Totf 5 . kfgLlagf sg' } k|f0fL dfq xf]Og, jg:klt
hut\sf] klg sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g . kfgLnfO{ ;fwf/0f cy{df b}lgs ultljlwsf] clwsfz+
If]qdf k|of]u ul/g] t/n kbfy{ dflgG5 . /f;folgs b[li6n] eg] kfgL xfO8«f]hgsf] bO' {
dfqf / clS;hgsf] Ps dfqfsf] ;lDd>0f xf] .
kfgLsf ;|f]t / :j¿k ljleGg 5g\ . ;db' |, tfn, gbL, vf]nf, lxdfn, s'jf, Ogf,
6\o'aj]n, jiff{ cfln kfgLsf] ;|f]t x'g\ . ;fwf/0f hLjgdf kfgL t/n :j¿kdf b]vf k5{ .
oxL t/n :j¿knfO{ lr:ofof] eg] kfgL a/km of lxpF aG5 . oltv]t rflxF kfgL 7f];
j:t' h:tf] b]lvG5 . kfgLnfO{ ttfof] eg] o;n] afkmsf] :j¿k lnG5 .

kf7–!%

w]/} klxnfsf] s/' f xf] . Pp6f b]zdf Ps hgf cToGt} hfGg] Hof]ltifL lyP . pgL ;Dk0" f{
u|xx¿sf] af/]df atfpg ;Sy] . c¿x¿sf] eljio x]g{ ;Sy] . pgn] x]/]sf] k'U5 eGg]
;a}df ljZjf; lyof] .

173/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

Psk6s tL Hof]ltifL cfsfzdf tf/fx¿sf] cWoog ub{} cfsfzlt/ x]/]/ lxF8\b} lyP .
af6fdf Pp6f 7n' f] sj' f lyof] . pgn] sj' f b]v]gg\ . Hof]ltifL crfgs s'jfdf v;] .
Pp6f ;fgf] s]6f] ToxL af6f] eP/ lxFl8/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] Tof] b[Zo x]l//x]sf] lyof] .
s]6fn] a8f] sl7gtfkj" {s tL Hof]ltifLnfO{ s'jfaf6 lgsfNof] . HofltifL v';L eP .
HofltifLn] s]6fnfO{ wGojfb lbP .
56' \g] a]nfdf Hof]ltifLn] s]6fnfO{ eg], æafa' d]/f] 3/df hfcf}F . d /fd|f] Hof]ltif ljBf
hfGb5' . d ltd|f] eljio atfOlbG5' .Æ s]6fnfO{ emgSs l/; p7\of] / eGof], æxh/' cfˆg}
cufl8sf] sj' f b]Vg'x'Gg clg s;/L d]/f] Tolt 6f9fsf] eljio b]Vgx' G' 5 < d t d]/f] af6f]
nfU5' . xj;\ t gd:sf/ .Æ s]6f] cfˆgf] af6f] nfUof] .

;g' fO kf7–!^

cfˆgf] ;dfh, cfˆgf] /fi6« / l;ª\uf] ljZjnfO{ dxŒjk0" f{ of]ubfg lbg] JolQmx¿nfO{
/fli6«o lje"lt elgG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] ljleGg ;dosf !^ hgf JolQmx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf]
/fli6«o lje"lt dfg]sf] 5 . tL xg' \ –
!= /fhf hgs
@= ;Ltf
#= uf}td a4'
$= cz+ 'jdf{
%= c/lgsf]
^= /fd zfx
&= k[YjLgf/fo0f zfx
*= aneb| sF'j/

174 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

(= cd/l;+x yfkf
!)= eLd;]g yfkf
!!= efg'eQm cfrfo{
!@= df]tL/fd e§
!#= lqej' g jL/ljqmd zfx
!$= kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{
!%= zª\vw/ ;fVjf
!^= dxfu'? kmfNu'gGb
dflysf /fli6«o ljel" tx¿dWo] t]/ hgf /fli6«o lje"ltsf] gfd lj=;=+ @)!* df 3f]if0ff
ePsf] lyof] . kf;fªNxfd' z]kf{sf] gfd lj=;=+ @)%% df / zª\vw/ ;fVjfsf] gfd @)%^
df /fli6«o lje"ltdf ;dfj]z eof] . To;} u/L dxfu?' kmfNug' Gbsf] gfd eg] lj=;+= @)^^
df /fli6«o lje"ltdf ;dfj]z ul/of] .

175/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

sIff–&

l;sfO pknlAwsf] lj:t[tLs/0f

kf7qmd kf7 zLif{s ;g' fO÷ afn] fO k9fO
!= g]kfn} g/x]
™ zAbx¿df k|o'St pRrfo{ j0f{x¿ ;'gL ltgsf] leGgtf klxNofpg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /

™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{

™ d'Vo d'Vo s'/f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g

@= kf“r ?lkof“ ™ c¿n] eg]sf s'/f Wofgkj" {s ;G' g / eGg ™ dV' o dV' o s/' f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g
™ ;fdfGo df}lvs j0f{gx¿ ;g' L d'Vo s/' f atfpg

#= ;+;f/sf] ;aeGbf ™ c¿n] eg]sf s'/f Wofgkj" {s ;'Gg / eGg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /

;G' b/ b]z ™ ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;r" gfx¿ ;'Gg / eGg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{

™ ;–;fgf s/' fsfgL, ;j+ fb, k|Zgf]Q/ cflbdf k|efjsf/L 9ª\un] ™ dV' o d'Vo s'/f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g

efu lng ™ kf7df k|oS' t zAbx¿sf] cy{ a'emL k9\g

™ cfkm"n] b]v];'g]sf, cg'ej u/]sf j:t,' jftfj/0f / 36gfsf

ljifodf j0f{g ug{

$= c/lgsf] ™ ;fdfGo df}lvs j0f{gx¿ ;'gL dV' o s/' f atfpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ cfzocg';f/ k9g
™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAb e08f/ a[l4 ug{
™ l;nl;nf / xfpefp ldnfO{ af]Ng
™ eflifs df}lnstf klxrfg ug]{ u/L jStfx¿sf] cleJolSt ;'Gg

%= dg' fdbg ™ c¿n] eg]sf s/' f Wofgkj" {s ;G' g / eGg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z4' /
™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{

™ d'Vo dV' o s'/f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g
™ ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] df}g

jfrg ug{
™ kf7df k|o'St zAbx¿sf] cy{ a'emL k9\g

^= afns PsnJo ™ zAbx¿sf] z4' / :ki6 pRrf/0f ug{ ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /
™ ;fdfGo df}lvs j0f{gx¿ ;g' L d'Vo s/' f atfpg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{
™ l;nl;nf / xfpefp ldnfO{ af]Ng
™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAb e08f/ a[l4 ug{
™ ljleGg dl' b|t ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L ?lrk"j{s k9\g

&= ljb]zL ;fyL ™ ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;r" gfx¿ ;G' g / eGg ™ ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] df}g
dfOsnnfO{ kq ™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg jfrg ug{
™ cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;Gbe{ / k|;ª\u ldnfO{ df}lvs ¿kdf
k|Zgf]Q/ ug{ ™ ljleGg dl' b|t ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L ?lrk"j{s k9\g

*= dflg; ™ zAbx¿df k|oS' t pRrfo{ j0f{x¿ ;g' L ltgsf] leGgtf klxNofpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ cfzocg';f/ k9g

™ c¿n] eg]sf s/' f Wofgk"j{s ;'Gg / eGg ™ d'Vo d'Vo s/' f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g

™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAb e08f/ a[l4 ug{

(= jL/ kv' f{ ™ c¿n] eg]sf s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;G' g / eGg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /
™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{
™ cfkmn" ] b]v];g' ]sf, cge' j u/]sf j:t,' jftfj/0f / 36gfsf
™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ cfzocg;' f/ k9g
ljifodf j0f{g ug{ ™ kf7df k|oS' t zAbx¿sf] cy{ a'emL k9\g

176 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

nv] fO sfo{d"ns Jofs/0f zAbe08f/
™ kof{ojfrL
™ ;'g]sf, k9]sf ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ n]Vg ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj, ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ zAbx¿fO{ lnlvt ¿kdf pko'St 9ª\un] k|of]u gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft
™ kof{ojfrL
ug{ ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ l;ª\uf zAb

;dfwfg ug{ ™ cg's/0ffTds
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg
™ kof{ojfrL
™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z4' ;Fu n]Vg ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj, ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ cgR' 5]b, lr7L, lgj]bg, cge' j u/]sf j:t,' gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft ™ l;ª\uf zAb
™ kof{ojfrL
36gf tyf jftfj/0f ljifodf lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ zAbutM v/÷3/, 5/' f÷e/' f, 7f8]÷9f8], yfs÷wfs, ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ kf7df k|oS' t pvfg 6S' sfx¿sf] cy{ a'emL emn÷en, u/L÷3/L, af/÷emf/, 8a÷9a, aGg÷wGg, ™ cg]sfyL{
a/a/÷e/e/, h:tf zAb hf]8Lsf] pRrf/0f ™ l;ª\uf zAb
jfSodf k|of]u ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg ™ zAblgdf{0f ™ kof{ojfrL
™ kfl/eflifs÷k|fljlws
™ zAb, jfSo / kf7sf cz+ x¿ ;'g]/ n]Vg ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj, ™ cg's/0ffTds
™ cfkmn" ] ;'g]b]v]sf, cge' j u/]sf 36gf, j:t' gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft ™ pvfg, 6S' sf
™ ljk/LtfyL{
tyf jftfj/0fsf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ zAblgdf{0f ™ cg]sfyL{
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ l;ª\uf zAb

;dfwfg ug{ ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg ™ >'lt;d leGgfy{s

™ cfkm\gf] ?lrcg;' f/sf ljifodf df}lns /rgf ug{ ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj, ™ kof{ojfrL

™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of gfdof]uL, ;o+ f], lj:doflb, lgkft

;dfwfg ug{

™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z4' ;Fu n]Vg ™ lnª\u ;ª\ult

™ cfkm\gf] ?lrcg';f/sf ljifodf df}lns /rgf ug{ ™ jfSo kl/jt{g -lnª\u, jrg, k'?if, cfb/ /

s/0f÷cs/0fsf cfwf/df_

™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,

gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft

™ zAblgdf{0f

™ n]VolrGxx¿sf] k|of]u l7s;Fu ug{ ™ zAblgdf{0f
™ ;'g]sf, k9]sf ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z'4;Fu n]Vg ™ sfn -s_ jt{dfg
™ cgR' 5]b, lr7L, lgj]bg, cge' j u/]sf j:t', -v_ et"
-u_ eljiot\
36gf tyf jftfj/0f ljifodf lnlvt j0f{g ug{
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ zAblgdf{0f

;dfwfg ug{ ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg gfdof]uL, ;o+ f], lj:doflb, lgkft

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z'4;Fu n]Vg ™ z÷if÷;
™ zAbx¿fO{ lnlvt ¿kdf pkoS' t 9ª\un] k|of]u ™ UoF÷1
™ zAblgdf{0f
ug{
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ ;Defjgfy{
™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,
;dfwfg ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z'4;Fu n]Vg
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg

177/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

!)= nf} k¥of] km;fb † ™ zAbx¿sf] z4' / :ki6 pRrf/0f ug{ ™ k|ltlqmof lbg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿
™ c¿n] eg]sf s/' f Wofgkj" {s ;'Gg / eGg ;:j/ jfrg ug{
™ ;fdfGo df}lvs j0f{gx¿ ;g' L dV' o s/' f atfpg
™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAb e08f/ a[l4 ug{

!!= uf]g' emf / ™ c¿n] eg]sf s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;G' g / eGg ™ ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] df}g
kl08tx¿ ™ ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;r" gfx¿ ;'Gg / eGg jfrg ug{
™ ;–;fgf s'/fsfgL, ;+jfb, k|Zgf]Q/ cflbdf k|efjsf/L 9ª\un]
™ ljleGg dl' b|t ljB'tLo ;fdu|L ?lrk"j{s k9\g
efu lng

!@= ;f“Rr} † :ju{ ™ zAbx¿sf] z'4 / :ki6 pRrf/0f ug{ ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /
hfg] 9f]sf g} ™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{
xf] <
™ k|ltlqmof lbg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿
;:j/ jfrg ug{

™ ljleGg d'lb|t ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L ?lrk"j{s k9\g

!#= cfdf ™ zAbx¿df k|o'St pRrfo{ j0f{x¿ ;'gL ltgsf] leGgtf klxNofpg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /

™ ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;r" gfx¿ ;'Gg / eGg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{

™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;g' ]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ cfzocg';f/ k9g

™ kf7df k|oS' t zAbx¿sf] cy{ ae' mL k9\g

!$= kfgL ™ c¿n] eg]sf s/' f Wofgkj" {s ;G' g / eGg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /
™ l;nl;nf / xfpefp ldnfO{ af]Ng :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{
™ cg'ejsf cfwf/df ;Gbe{ / k|;ª\u ldnfO{ df}lvs ¿kdf
™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAbe08f/ a[l4 ug{
k|Zgf]Q/ ug{

!%= nfn' / sfn ™ sljtf, uLt, syf j0f{g / hLjgL ;'g]/ k|ltlj|mof hgfpg ™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ cfzocg';f/ k9\g
™ k|ltlqmof lbg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿

;:j/ jfrg ug{
™ ljleGg dl' b|t ljBt' Lo ;fdu|L ?lrk"j{s k9\g

!^= ca|fxd lnª\sg ™ zAbx¿df k|oS' t pRrfo{ j0f{x¿ ;'gL ltgsf] leGgtf klxNofpg ™ lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ ult, olt / no ldnfO{ z'4 /

™ ;~rf/ dfWodsf ;r" gfx¿ ;'Gg / eGg :ki6;Fu jfrg ug{

™ l;nl;nf / xfpefp ldnfO{ af]Ng ™ dV' o dV' o s'/f atfpg ;Sg] u/L ljleGg kf7 k9\g

™ ljleGg k|of]hgsf nflu lnlvt ;fdu|Lx¿sf] df}g

jfrg ug{

™ ljleGg ljwfsf kf7x¿ k9L zAb e08f/ a[l4 ug{

178 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

™ ;kmf / :ki6;Fu n]Vg / n]v]sf s'/f bf]xf]¥ofO{ ™ lnª\u ;ª\ult ™ ljk/LtfyL{
;Rofpg ™ jrg ;ª\ult ™ pvfg, 6S' sf
™ k'?if ;ª\ult
™ Jofs/0f;Ddt jfSo /rgf ug{ ™ cfb/ ;ª\ult ™ kof{ojfrL
™ kf7df k|oS' t pvfg 6'Ssfx¿sf] cy{ ae' mL ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj, ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ k|tLsfTds zAb
jfSodf k|of]u ug{ gfdof]uL, ;o+ f], lj:doflb, lgkft
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ zAblgdf{0f ™ kof{ojfrL
™ ljk/LtfyL{
;dfwfg ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg ™ l;ª\uf zAb
™ k|tLsfTds zAb
™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z4' ;Fu n]Vg ™ lnª\u ;ª\ult ™ sf]7]kb

™ ;'g]sf, k9]sf ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ n]Vg ™ jrg ;ª\ult ™ kof{ojfrL
™ cgs' /0ffTds
™ cfkm\gf] ?lrcg';f/sf ljifodf df}lns /rgf ug{ ™ k?' if ;ª\ult ™ pvfg, 6'Ssf

™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg ™ cfb/ ;ª\ult ™ kfl/eflifs÷k|fljlws
™ l;ª\uf zAb
™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,
™ kof{ojfrL
gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft ™ ljk/LtfyL{
™ kfl/eflifs÷k|fljlws
™ sf/s / ljelSt sf/s M stf{ / sd{ ÷sf/s

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z'4;Fu n]Vg ™ lnª\u ;ª\ult
™ Jofs/0f;Ddt jfSo /rgf ug{ ™ jrg ;ª\ult
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of ™ k'?if ;ª\ult
™ kIf -s_ ;fdfGo -v_ ck0" f{ -u_ k0" f{ -3_ cEo:t -ª_
;dfwfg ug{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg c1ft
™ pRrf/0f j0f{utM -v÷3, 5÷em, 7÷9, y÷w, em÷e,
™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z'4;Fu n]Vg ™
;g' ]sf, k9]sf ljifoj:ts' f] ;f/ n]Vg u÷3, 8÷9, b÷w, a÷e Wjlgsf] pRrf/0f_
-h_ 5÷If
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg
™ jfRo kl/jt{g -s_ st{[ -v_ sd{
™ cfkm"n] ;g' ]b]v]sf, cge' j u/]sf 36gf, j:t' ™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,
tyf jftfj/0fsf] lnlvt j0f{g ug{
gfdof]uL, ;+of], lj:doflb, lgkft
™ Jofs/0f;Ddt jfSo /rgf ug{ ™ zAbutM v/÷3/, 5'/f÷e'/f, 7f8]÷9f8], yfs÷wfs,
™ kf7df k|o'St pvfg 6S' sfx¿sf] cy{ a'emL
emn÷en, u/L÷3/L, af/÷emf/, 8a÷9a, aGg÷wGg,
jfSodf k|of]u ug{ a/a/÷e/e/, h:tf zAb hf]8Lsf] pRrf/0f
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg ™ `÷0f÷g
™ l/÷C
™ kbof]u / kbljof]u

™ ;ª\ult -s_ lnª\u -v_ jrg -u_ k?' if -3_ cfb/
™ jfRo kl/jt{g -s_ st{[ -v_ sd{
™ zAbju{ gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f, lqmofkb, lqmlj,

gfdof]uL, ;o+ f], lj:doflb, lgkft

™ n]VolrGxx¿sf] k|of]u l7s;Fu ug{ ™ ;ª\ult -s_ lnª\u -v_ jrg -u_ k?' if -3_ cfb/
™ kf7df k|o'St pvfg 6S' sfx¿sf] cy{ ae' mL ™ kIf -s_ ;fdfGo -ª_ c1ft
™ cy{ jf efj -s_ cf1fy{ -v_ ;Defjgfy{
jfSodf k|of]u ug{ ™ n]Vo lrGx M -s_ k"0f{ lj/fd, -v_ k|Zg lrGx -u_ cNk
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of
lj/fd -3_ pb\uf/ lrGx -ª_ of]hs lrGx -r_ sf]i7s
;dfwfg ug{ lrGx
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg

™ lxHh] ldnfO{ ;kmf / z4' ;Fu n]Vg ™ ljelSt k|of]u -n], nfO{, åf/f, b]lv, af6, df, sf], sf,
™ cgR' 5]b, lr7L, lgj]bg, cg'ej u/]sf j:t', sL, /f], /f, /L÷gf, gL_

36gf tyf jftfj/0f ljifodf lnlvt j0f{g ug{ ™ j0f{ ljGof; -s_ x|:jbL3{ -O, O{, p, pm_
™ kl/of]hgf sfo{sf] dfWodn] eflifs ;d:of -v_ o÷P -u_ a÷j -h_ 5÷If

;dfwfg ug{ ™ OR5fy{
™ kf7sf cfwf/df pQ/ n]Vg

179/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &