Ramro Nepali 7

&= l7s eP l7s / al] 7s eP al] 7s nv] L al] 7snfO{ ;RofP/ n]v M

s_ …nf} kf¥of] km;fb †Ú syfsf syfsf/ uf]/vaxfb/' l;+x x'g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ rt/' ] ;fyL;Fu st} hfFb} lyof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ rt/' ]n] af6fdf tLg bfhe' fO ;fyL e]6\of] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ rt/' ]sf] gofF sk8f;Fu p;sf ;fyLx¿ nf]leP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ rt'/] ;fFRr}sf] d"v{ /x]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

*= s;n] s'g ;dodf eg]sf] xf], d'v}n] hafkm b]pm M

s_ xfdL cfˆgfcfˆgf syf ;'gfcf}F .

v_ l7s 5, d]/f] klg ;xdlt 5 .

u_ d}n] uP/ bO' { 6f]s/L cfFk l6k]F .

3_ d]/f] pd]/ Ps dlxgf klg k'u]sf] lyPg .

ª_ ;d'b|sf 7n' f7'nf df5f ;d'b|sf] lkFwd} x'G5g\ .

r_ ;db' |sf] lkFwd} Ps yk' |f] ;'s]sf bfp/f vf]h]“ .

(= tnsf k|Zgsf] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ tLg hgf dflg;;Fu rt'/]sf] e]6 s;/L eof] .

v_ /flt ;T' g] a]nfdf Ps efOn] s] k|:tfj /fVof] <

u_ rt/' ]n] lsg d ltdLx¿n] syf ;'gfPkl5 dfq syf ;'gfpF5' eGof] <

3_ rt/' ]n] ;a} ckTofl/nf] syfnfO{ lsg x'g ;S5 eg]/ l:jsf¥of] <

!)= 5f]6s/Ldf nv] M

s_ h]7f bfOn] ;'gfPsf] syf

v_ dfOnf bfOn] ;'gfPsf] syf

u_ sfG5f efOn] ;g' fPsf] syf

3_ rt/' ]n] ;'gfPsf] syf

96 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf Pp6} zAb bfx] f¥] ofP/ n]v M

gofF ± gofF Ö gofFgofF ;fgf ± ;fgf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

vfgf ± vfgf Ö vfgf;fgf v]tL ± v]tL Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

s'/f ± s/' f Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ tftf] ± tftf] Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

syf ± syf Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 7'nf ± 7n' f Ö ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= tnsf pvfg / pvfgn] lbg] cy{ k9 M

s_ cfkmn" ] vg]sf vfN8fdf cfkm}F kg{' Ù

csf{nfO{ ;d:off kfg{ vf]Hbf cfkm}F Tof] ;d:ofdf kg'{

v_ OGb|sf cufl8 :ju{sf] aofg Ù

hfGg] dfG5]sf cufl8 ghfGg]n] km'tL{ nufpg'

u_ s/' f] / s'nf] htf nUof] pt} hfG5 Ù

s/' fnfO{ cfjZostfcg;' f/ abNg ;lsG5

3_ h;n] dx sf9\5, p;n] xft rf6\5 Ù

kl/>d ug]{n] kmn kfpF5

ª_ gfRg ghfGg] cfFug 6]9f] Ù

ghfGg]n] c¿nfO{ bf]if nufpF5

r_ cuN' 6fn] xfg]sf] ss' '/ lahn' L rlDsbf tl;{G5 Ù

Psk6s 7Ss/ vfPkl5 dfG5]n] r]T5

5_ af/ jif{ ss' /' sf] k'R5/ 9'ª\u|fdf xfn] klg afª\ufsf] afª\u} Ù

hlt l;sfP;DemfP klg p:tfsf] p:t}

#= dflysf dWo] s'g} rf/ pvfgnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ .

$= kf7df Pp6f pvfg k|ofu] ePsf] 5 . pSt jfSo vfh] ]/ n]v .

%= ltdLn] ;'gs] f dflysf afxs] kfrF cf]6f pvfg vfh] ]/ nv] .

97/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

cEof;leqsf] kf7

ltgLx¿n] sf/vfgf t ;f/] t/===

s'g} 7fpdF f Pp6f :jfyL{ hldgbf/ lyof] .
To; hldgbf/sf] 3/dfl:t/ Pp6f lu|n
sf/vfgf lyof] . Tof] lu|n sf/vfgfaf6
kmnfd lk6]sf] / sf6]sf] emsf{] nfUbf]
cfjfh cfO/xGYof] . To;} u/L p;sf]
3/tlNt/ kmlg{r/ agfpg] sf/vfgf
lyof] . Tof] sf/vfgfaf6 klg lbgel/
h;f] sf7 lr/s] f] / vfk] s] f] lbSs nfUbf]
cfjfh cfO/xGYof] . To;}n] hldgbf/
pgLx¿n] To; 7fpFaf6 sf/vfgf ;f¿g\
eGg] rfxGYof] .

hldgbf/sf] rfxgfnfO{ tL sf/vfgf ;~rfnsx¿n] /fd|/L a'ems] f lyP . Ps lbg lbp;F f]
lu|n sf/vfgfsf] ;~rfns p;sxfF cfof] / eGof,] æhldgbf/ ;fxa † d ef]ln sf/vfgf
;fb}{ 5' .Æ

Ps} l5gkl5 kmlgr{ / sf/vfgfsf] ;~rfns klg cfof] / eGof,] ædflns ;fxa † dn} ] ef]ln
sf/vfgf ;fg{] lg0fo{ u/]“ .Æ

hldgbf/ cToGt v;' L eof] t/ k|s6¿kdf eg] c;n l5ds] Lx¿ u'dfpFbf b'Mv nfus] f] s/' f
atfof] . Tof] ;fFem hldgbf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ eJo efh] klg v'jfof] .

t/ uha eof] . kmnfd lk6s] f] / sf7 lr/]sf] cfjfh cfPsfc] fPs} eof] . hldgbf/ 5Ss
NE`^ FIpJI@ JIV@ QI2^ V
I@ De
J N IRI@

s]xL l5gd} gf]s/ cfof] / eGof], æxf] dflns † pgLx¿n] sf/vfgf ;f/]sf] t ;xL /x5] t/
lun| sf/vfgf kmlgr{ / sf/vfgfdf ;/5] / kmlgr{ / sf/vfgf lun| sf/vfgfdf .Æ

hldgbf/ lhlNnof] t/ 3g 7fs] ]sf] / sf7 lr/]sf] cfjfh eg] cfO/x\of] .

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ k9 M

;~rfns M ;~rfng ug]{ JolSt

lg0f{o M lgwf]Ù 6ª' \uf]

k|s6 M k|ToIfÙ b]lvg]

eJo M Hofb} 7'nf]

98 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 lzIfsn] k9\g'x'G5 . ltdL Wofgkj" {s ;'g .

#= tnsf jfSox¿ s'g cg'R5b] af6 l6lkPsf xg' \ < nv] M

s_ d ef]ln sf/vfgf ;fb}{ 5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ pgLx¿n] sf/vfgf ;f/]sf] ;xL /x]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ hldgbf/ pgLx¿n] sf/vfgf ;f¿g\ eGg] rfxGYof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ kmnfd lk6]sf] / sf7 lr/]sf] cfjfh cfPsf]cfPs} eof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ª_ d}n] ef]ln sf/vfgf ;fg]{ lg0f{o u/]F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

r_ Tof] ;fFem hldgbf/n] pgLx¿nfO{ eJo ef]h klg vj' fof] . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

$= s;n] egs] f] xf] < n]v

s_ hldgbf/ ;fx]a † d ef]ln sf/vfgf ;b{} 5' . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ xf] dflns † pgLx¿n] sf/vfgf ;f/]sf] t ;xL /x]5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ dflnsf ;fx]a † d}n] ef]ln sf/vfgf ;fg{] lg0f{o u/]F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= cEof;leqsf] kf7sf] klxnf] cgR' 5]b >'ltnv] g u/ / kf7 x/] L cfºgf uNtLx¿ eP
cfkm}F ;Rofpm .

^= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ pko'St ;+ofh] s /fvL Pp6} jfSodf ;Z+ n]if0f u/ M

s_ hldgbf/sf] 3/dfl:t/ lu|n sf/vfgf lyof] . hldgbf/sf] 3/tlNt/ kmlg{r/
sf/vfgf lyof] . -/÷cyjf_

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

v_ lu|n sf/vfgfsf] ;~rfnsn] ef]h vfof] . lu|n sf/vfgf rflxF ;/]g . -/÷t/_

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

u_ 3fd nfUof] . hf8f] x6]g . -tfklg÷clg_

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

3_ pgLx¿ cfh :s'n cfPgg\ . pgLx¿ aflx/ uPsf 5g\ . -t/÷lsgeg]_

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

99/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffsf ;Dk"0f{ ljBfyLx{ ¿ b'O{ ;dx" df ljeflht xf]cf] . ca k|Tos] ;dx" af6 PsPs
hgf ljBfyL{ cfcfºgf] ;d"xn] egs] f zAbx¿ n]Vg sfnf]kf6L÷;]tf]kf6Lsf] glhs
hfcf] . ca ba' } ;dx" lar zAbfGtfIf/L v]n . zAbfGtfIf/L v]Nbf Wofg lbgk' g{] s/' fx¿
lgDgfg;' f/ 5g\ M

!= x/]s ;dx" n] s'g} lrhlah, 7fpF jf hgfj/sf] gfd dfq eGg kfpg]5 .

@= zAbsf] cGTodf hg' dfqf;lxtsf] cIf/ x'G5, ToxL dfqf;lxtsf] cIf/af6
;?' x'g] gofF zAb eGgk' g]{5 .

#= csf]{ ;d"xn] eg]sf] kGw| ;]s]G8leq gofF zAb eGg'kg]{5 .

$= zAbx¿ bf]xf]¥ofpg kfOg]5}g .

%= zAbsf] clGtd cIf/sf] x|:jbL3{df Wofg lbg'kb}{g .

h:tM} ;dx" –! ;d"x–@

snd dnfO{

Onfd d;nf

nfxfg gl/jn

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ ltdLnfO{ dg kg{] Pp6f r'6\lsnf n]v . ltdLn] nv] s] f] r6' l\ snf sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ klg
;'gfpm .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

100 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

kf7 !!

uf]g' emf / kl08tx¿

kf7 ;'? ug{c' l3

õ dflysf b'O{ cf]6f lrqdf s] ;dfgtf 5 <
õ dflysf bO' { cf]6f lrqdf s]s] leGgtf 5g\ <

zAb / cy{

cxfe] fUo – /fdf| ] efUoÒ pQd sd{ sds{ f08 – ljjfx, at| aGw, cflb wfld{s sfo{
l;sj' f – lk9F LÒ eO' t“ nfsf] dn" 9f]sf ;“us} f] >fk – ;/fkÒ s;}nfO{ clgi6 xf];\ egL lbOg]

a]sf/L aflx/L a:g] 7fp“ ufnL
– sfd gePsf]

101/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

dn" kf7

uf]g' emf / kl08tx¿

uf]g' emfsf] 3/cufl8sf] af6f] eP/ kl08t wdf{gGb / kl08t cfTdfgGb st} uO/x]sf
lyP . pgLx¿ uf]g' emfsxfF g} vfgf vfg] ;/' n] uf]g' emfsxfF k;] .
ufg] ' emf M b'a} kl08t dxfb] odf d/] f] k|0ffd †
ba' } kl08t M gd:sf/ †
uf]g' emf M clg stf kfNg'xbF' } <
wdfg{ Gb M kNnf] ufp;F Dd dfq .
uf]g' emf M kNnf] ufpFdf k'/f0f 5 ls s;f]

kl08tHo" <
cfTdfgGb M xf]xf] † xfdL ToxfF k'/f0f jfrg ug{

lx8F ]sf †
wdfg{ Gb M t/ kNnf] ufpF cem} bO' { sf;] 6f9f

5 . lx8F b\ flxF8\bf yfls;lsof] /
efs] klg nfUg yfNof] . To;n} ] ltdf| ]
3/df Ps l5g la;fP/ vfgf vfO{cf/] L lx8f}F eg/] otf k;]sf lg †
ufg] ' emf M cxf] † of] t a]; eof] lg . oxfxF ¿ h:tf] dxfkl08tx¿sf] ;]jf ug{ kfpg' t
d]/f] cxfe] fUo g} xf] .
cfTdfgGb M ltdLnfO{ o:tf] efUo kf| Kt xf];\ eg]/ xfdL ltd|f lt/ k;s] f .
uf]g' emf M Ps l5g oxfF -l;sj' flt/} b]vfpFb}_ a:g'xf];\ . d t'?Gt vfgf tof/ kfl/xfN5'
x} .
kl08tx¿nfO{ l;sj' fdf a;fP/ uf]g' emf vfgf tof/ kfg{ efG;fdf uof] .
bfp/f lng aflx/ lg:sFbf ToxfF wdf{gGb dfq lyP .
vfO] t † cfTdfgGb kl08t <
wdfg{ Gb M vf]nfdf gx' fpg uPsf] 5 .
uf]g' emf M kl08thL † tkfO{“x¿ h:tf] ljåfg\ / wflds{ kl08t t xfd|f] ufpFdf sf]xL hGdg
;ss] f] lyPg / kl5 klg ghGdn] f eg]/ d/] f aa' f s/' f ul//xg'xG' Yof] .
wdfg{ Gb M tkfO{x“ ¿ h:tf] xfO] g, tkfO{“ h:tf] eg g ufg] ' . Tof] g'xfpg uPsf] kl08t
t gfd dfqsf] kl08t xf] . To;nfO{ Pp6f Znf]s klg z'4;Fu pRrf/0f ug{
cfpFb}g .
ufg] ' emf M -5Ss kb}{_ To;f] eP pxfnF fO{ lsg kl08t eg]sf t <
wdfg{ Gb M Tof] d/] f] 6f9fsf] efO kg]{ dfG5] xf] . Tof] Ps ;do Psbd a]sf/L lyof] .

102 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

To;}n] To;nfO{ d}n] d;uF } k/' f0fx¿df nh} fg yfnF] . clg t ;an} ] p;nfO{ klg
kl08t eGg yfn] . t/ Tof] t uf?] xf] uf]? † ae' m\of} uf]g' <

ae' m]Fa'em]F eGb} uf]g' km]l/ efG;fdf h'6\g yfNof] . s]xL a]/kl5 aflx/ lg:sFbf
ToxfF wdf{gGb lyPg . g'xfpg uPsf] cfTdfgGb g'xfO{cf]/L cfO;s]sf] /x]5 .

ufg] ' emf M xfO] g, wdfg{ Gb kl08t klg g'xfpg hfge' of] ls stf hfg'eof] <

cfTdfgGb M sf] < Tof] wd]{ uwf < uof] xfn] f lg g'xfP h:tf] ug{ vfn] flt/ .

uf]g' emf M /fd/fd † Toqf 7'nf kl08tnfO{ uwf kf] eGge' of] t <

cfTdfgGb M uwfnfO{ uwf geg]/ s] eGg] < Tof] t dxf 7u xf] . Tof] t d/] f] ;fy nfu/] dfq
kl08t sxlnPsf] . To;nfO{ k/' f0fsf] Pp6f dfq cz+ klg k"/f cfpFbg} .

uf]g' emf b'a} kl08tsf s/' f ;'g]/ crDddf k¥of] . p;nfO{ Pp6} ufpFsf,
;Fu;Fu} lxF8\g], ;Fu;Fu} sd{sf08 / ;Ktfx k'/f0fdf lxF8\g] kl08t egfpFbfx¿sf]
tl/sf dg k/]g . df}sf kgf{;fy Psn] csf{nfO{ gdfGg], guGg] / Psn]
csf{sf] s/' f sf6\g] tL kl08t sxlnPsfx¿nfO{ p;n] dgdg} kf7 l;sfpg]
lgwf] u¥of] . To;}n] s]xL a]/kl5===

uf]g' emf M dxfkl08tx¿ † efG;f tof/ eof] . leq} kfNgx' f;] \ †

ef]sfPsf kl08tx¿ ld7f] vfgfsf] sNkgf ub}{ wf]tL km]/]/ vfgf vfg leq
k;] / lksf{df a;] .

uf]g' emf M -yfnel/ xl/of] 3fF; / kfgLdf
lehfPsf] s]xL rgf wdf{gGbsf]
cufl8 /fVt}_ of] rflxF tkfO{s“ f]
vfgf † -csf]{ yfnel/ p:t}
xl/of] 3fF; / g'g xfn]sf] e;'

rflxF cfTdfgGbsf] cufl8 /fVt}_
of] rflxF tkfO“{sf] vfgf †

wdfg{ Gb M -l/;fpFb}_ s] u/]sf] ufg] ' † t/] f]
lbdfu t l7s 7fpdF f 5 .

cfTdfgGb M -emf]lSs“b}_ xfd|f] oqf] a]OHhtL † xfdL tFnfO{ >fk lbG5f}F .

ufg] ' emf M -zfGt :j/df_ dxfkl08tx¿ † o;/L gl/;fpgx' f];\ g . d}n] t tkfO“x{ ¿n]
egc] g';f/s} vfgf /flvlbPsf] 5' . -wdf{gGbnfO{ cf}“NofpFb}_ pxfFsf] cg';f/
tkfO{“ uf?] /] . -cfTdfgGbnfO{ cf}FNofpFb}_ pxfFn] eGge' Psf] tkfO“{ uwf /] . d}n]
ToxL cg';f/sf] vfgf /flvlbPsf] 5' . o;df l/;fpg'kg{] sf/0f g} s] 5 † n
ca v'?v?' vfgx' f];\ .

uf]g' emfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ kl08tx¿ cSsgaSs eP . pgLx¿sf] sfnf] cgx' f/
emg\ sfnf] eof] t/ Pscsf{nfO{ lz/ p7fP/ x]g{ klg ;s]gg\ .

103/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx? z'4;uF pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

kl08t wdf{gGb cfTdf/fd k|0ffd l;s'jf

ljåfg\ Znf]s ;Ktfx efG;f cSsgaSs

@= tnsf zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

k|0ffd ;/fkÙ g/fd|f] xf];\ egL lbOg] ufnL

l;sj' f ljjfx, a|taGw cflb

a]sf/L gd:sf/Ù clejfbg

sd{sf08 /fd|f] efUo

cxf]efUo 3/aflx/sf] a:g ldNg] 7fpFÙ lkF9L

#= tnsf kb tyf kbfjnLn] s] cy{ lbG5g\, hf8] f ldnfpm M

leq kfNg' a:g' dhL{ xg' ' eft vfg'

;r' L ug'{ ;'Tg' :gfg ug'{ 3'Dg'

jfrg ug'{ leq cfpg' ljr/0f ug{' eGg'

/fh xg' ' lb;flk;fa ug{' ;jf/L xg' ' hfg÷' cfpg'

;s' nf ug{' k9\g' eh' f Ho'gf/ ug'{ g'xfpg'

$= g]kfnL efiffdf dfG5]nfO{ ljleGg kz'sf ;fªs\ l] ts gfdn] klg lrGg] ul/G5 . tnsf
kz'n] dfG5s] f s]s:tf ljzi] ftf ;ª\st] u5{g\ <

uf]? ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ afFb/ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

uf}k|f0fL ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xfQL ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

pNn' ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;k{ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

5]kf/f] ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ :ofn ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;x+ ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;'Fu/' ÖÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

-l7s ;dodf l7s sfd gug]{, d"v{, ;f]emf], /fhf, s/' f km]g]{, df]6f] tyf alnof],
rsrs] tyf ;fdfg laufg]{, kmf]xf]/L, lr;f] tyf b'i6, w"t{, _

%= tnsf k|tLsfTds zAb / cys{ f] hf]8f ldnfpm M

dxfef/t vGrj' f s'Des0f{ hfnL

s0f{ jL/ bj' f{;f s'/f}6]

xg'dfg 7n' f] n8fOF o'lwli7/ ;t' fxf

ch'{g bfgL gf/b l/;fxf

cu:tL eSt zs'gL ;TojfbL

104 /fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!! Wofgk"j{s ;'g / tnsf dWo] s'gsg' zAb k|of]u ePsf] 5 < ;'gfO kf7df
ko| f]u ePsf hltdf /]hf nufpm M

Olg:k]S6/ c;O{ df]6/;fOsn Nofk6k

sn/ sf/ l6eL km];as'

chL{ SofDk; sfg'g kmf]6f]

gub SoflG6g nQfsk8f :sn'

@= s;n] egs] f] xf] < kQf nufpm M

-s_ Olg:k]S6/ ;fk † d]/f] t a/afb} eof] .

c_ xGbg]n]

cf_ k|x/L lg/LIfsn]

O_ tSd] a'9fn]

v_ Pp6f s'/f r}F KofRr} gegL d]/f] dv' lrnfPsf] lgs} ePg xf} .

c_ xGbg]n]

cf_ k|x/L lg/LIfsn]

O_ tSd] a9' fn]

u_ clg s;/L rf]¥of] t <

c_ xGbg]n]

cf_ k|x/L lg/LIfsn]

O_ tSd] a'9fn]

#= ltdLnfO{ dg kg]{ Pp6f r'6\lsnf ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;g' fpm M

$= ufg] ' emfsf] clGtd ;j+ fb /fdf| cIf/n] ;f/ M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

%= …uf]g' emf / kl08tx¿Ú ;+jfb sIffdf tLgtLg hgfsf] ;dx" agfP/ jfrg u/ .

105/fd|f] gk] fnL sIff &

^= s;n] eg]sf] xf], hf8] f ldnfpm M

wdf{gGb kl08t kNnf] ufpFdf k/' f0f 5 Ò

cfTdfgGb kl08t lxF8\bflxF8\bf w]/} yflsof]

uf]g' emf Tof] t d]/f] ;fy nfu]/ kl08t sxlnPsf]

&= kf7 x]/L 5'6]sf zAb e/ M

s_ kNnf] ufpFdf k/' f0f 5 ls s;f] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ <

v_ xfdL ToxfF ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ug{ lxF8]sf .

u_ Toqf 7'nf kl08tnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ kf] ÒÒÒÒ t <

3_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ † efG;f tof/ eof] .

ª_ xfdL tFnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ lbG5f}F .

*= 5f6] f]5l/tf] pQ/ b]pm M

s_ kl08tx¿ sxfF hfg nfu]sf /x]5g\ <

v_ kNnf] ufpF slt 6f9f /x]5 <

u_ uf]g' emfsf a'afn] s] s'/f ug'{x'GYof] <

3_ wdf{gGb kl08tsf] cfTdfgGb s] ;fOgf] kbf]{ /x]5 <

ª_ uf]g' emfnfO{ s] s'/f dg k/]g <

r_ uf]g' emfn] kl08tx¿nfO{ uf]? / uwfsf] vfg]s/' f lbg'sf] vf; sf/0f s]
xf] <

(= nfdf] -tLgb]lv ;ft jfSo;Dd_ pQ/ bp] m M

s_ kl08tx¿ uf]g' emfsxfF lsg k;]sf /x]5g\ <

v_ kl08tx¿n] s]s:tf] cf/f]k Pscsf{nfO{ nufP <

u_ uf]g' emfn] kl08tx¿nfO{ lsg / s;/L kf7 k9fof] <

!)= uf]g' emfn] kl08tx¿nfO{ uf]? / uwfs} h:tf] vfgf lbP/ kf7 k9fpg' l7s lyof] ls
lyPg < kfFr;ft jfSodf cfºgf] ts{ bp] m .

106 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7af6 …aÚ k|of]u ePsf kGw| cf]6f / …jÚ k|of]u ePsf kfrF cf]6f zAb gbfx] f¥] ofO{
n]v .

@= tnsf zAbnfO{ jfSodf ko| fu] u/ M

k/' f0f, pQL0f{, k/LIff, Gofo, zNolqmof, cfo

#= pko'St sf/s /fvL jfSo k/" f u/ M

s_ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ u[xsfo{ u/]F .

v_ ltdLn] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ lrg]gf} .

u_ p;n] ÒÒÒÒÒÒ lxsf{P/ ;k{ df¥of] .

3_ d k"hfsf ÒÒÒ ÒÒÒ kmn" l6K5' .

ª_ lstfa ÒÒÒÒÒÒ /fv]sf] 5 .

$= tnsf jfSonfO{ sf]i7sdf lbOPsf ;ª\st] sf cfwf/df kl/jt{g u/ M

s_ 5f]/f] /fd|/L k9\5 . -:qLlnª\u_

v_ efO cfof] . -ax'jrg_

u_ d 3/ hfG5' . -t[tLo k'?if_

3_ gfltgL /fd|/L gfR5] . -kl' nª\u_

ª_ tkfO{“ otf cfpg'xG' 5 . -cgfb/fyL{_

r_ pgLx¿ v]Ng hfG5g\ . -Psjrg_

%= ;sds{ / csd{s lqmof M

s] / s;nfO{ eg]/ k|Zg ubf{ pQ/ cfpg] jf sd{ lng] lqmofnfO{ ;sd{s / sd{
glng]nfO{ csd{s lqmof elgG5 .

h:t} M

;sds{ lqmofo'St jfSo csds{ lqmofo'St jfSo

s_ efO vfhf vfG5 . s_ efO /fd|/L gfR5 .

v_ ltdL syf k9\5f} . v_ ltdL l56f] bu'5f}{ .

u_ d ltdLx¿nfO{ syf k9fpF5' . u_ ltdL 3/df a:5f} .

^= csd{s / ;sds{ lqmofkb 56' o\ fpm M

k9\5, gfR5, ;T' 5, xfF:5, bu'5{, v]N5, af]nfpF5, lgbfpF5, n8\5, plk|mG5

&= kfFrkfrF cf]6f csds{ / ;sd{s lqmofkb /fvL jfSo agfpm .

107/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

cEof;leqsf] kf7

ukmufkm

lxpFb ofdsf] ;do . jfª\rs' pgLsf] lgs} df]6f] sf]6 nufP/ st} hfbF } lyof] . af6fdf
kª' dfª;Fu p;sf] e6] eof] .
kª' dfª M cxf] jfªr's † ;f/} hf8f] nfUof]

ls Sof xf] < lgs} df6] f] n'uf kf]
nufP5f} t <
jfªr's M xf] t † lxpFb ofddf hf8f] xF'bg} t <
ltdL t kftn} n'ufdf lxlF 8/xs] f
5f} . hf8f] nfu]sf] 5}g <
kª' dfª M oltsf] hf8f] t s] hf8f] † xfdf| ]
7fpdF f t crfSnL hf8f] kf] x'G5
t . dWo lxpbF df t olt hf8f]
xG' 5 ls xfdLnfO{ vfgs] '/f vfg}
uf/f] x'G5 . rkl:6sx¿ klg
6a] nd} 6flF ;Psf x'G5g\ . yfxf
5 < ltgLx¿ hd]sf x'G5g\ lg †
jfªr's M xf] / < afkm /] †
kª' dfª M clg xfdL c¿n] afn] ]sf s/' f klg lj/n} dfq ;'G5fF} . lsgeg] w]/} h;f] zAbx¿
sfgdf k:gc' ufa} lar}df hDb5g\ .
jfªr's M To;f] eP t udL{ ofddf ltdLx¿sf] 7fpdF f t c;fWo} xNnfvNnf x'G5 xfn] f .
x}g t <
kª' dfª M lsg / <
jfªr's M lsgeg] lxpFb ofddf lar}df hd]sf zAbx¿ kUnG5g\ xfn] f lg .
!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] cy{ k9 M
ofd M ;doÙ dlxgf
crfSnL M Hofb} w]/}Ù c;fWo}
rkl:6s M lrlgofFx¿n] vfgf vfFbf vfg]s'/f d'vdf xfNg k|of]u ug]{ dl;gf

n6\7Lx¿
lj/n} M Hofb} sDtLÙ clncln

108 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

@= cEof;leqsf] kf7 gx/] L tnsf ;j+ fbnfO{ !, @, #=== nv] L qmddf /fv M
- _ xf] t † lxpFbofddf hf8f] x'Fb}g t < ltdL t kftn} nu' fdf lxFl8/x]sf 5f} .
hf8f] nfu]sf] 5}g <
- _ lsg / <
- _ dWo lxpFbdf t olt hf8f] xG' 5 ls xfdLnfO{ vfg]s/' f vfg} uf/f] x'G5 .
rkl:6sx¿ klg 6]and} 6fFl;Psf xG' 5g\ . yfxf 5 < ltgLx¿ hd]sf x'G5g\
lg †
- _ To;f] eP t udL{ ofddf ltdLx¿sf] 7fpFdf t c;fWo} xNnfvNnf x'G5
xf]nf . x}g t <
- _ clg xfdL c¿n] af]n]sf s'/f klg lj/n} dfq ;G' 5f}F lsgeg] w]/}h;f]
zAbx¿ sfgdf k:gc' ufj} lar}df hDb5g\ .
- _ xf] / < afkm /] †
- _ lsgeg] lxpFb ofddf lar}df hd]sf zAbx¿ kUnG5g\ xf]nf lg .
- _ cxf] jfªr's † ;f/} hf8f] nfUof] ls Sof xf] < lgs} df]6f] n'uf kf]
nufP5f} t <
- _ oltsf] hf8f] t s] hf8f] † xfd|f] 7fpFdf t crfSnL hf8f] kf] x'G5 t .

#= cEof;leqsf] kf7nfO{ bO' { hgf ldn/] clego ub{} ;+jfb u/ .
$= tnsf lgkftx¿ ko| f]u u/L jfSo agfpm M

t M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
kf] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/] M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
lg M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
Sof/]M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
nf} M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

109/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ tLgtLg hgfsf] ;dx" agL tnsf dWo] s'g} Ps zLifs{ df 5f]6f] ;+jfb tof/ kf/ .
cfºgf] ;d"xn] tof/ kf/s] f] ;j+ fb clego u//] sIffsf c¿ ;fyLnfO{ klg b]vfpm M
s_ v]ns'bsf] dxŒj
v_ 6]lnlehgsf] pkof]u
u_ jghª\unsf] dxŒj
3_ 5f]/f5f]/L a/fa/L
ª_ 5'jf5t' gu/f}F .

l;h{gfTds n]vg

õ ;fd"lxs lqmofsnfkdf lbOPsf zLif{sx¿ dWo]af6 -t/ ;fd"lxs lqmofsnfkdf cfkm"n]
tof/ gkff/]sf dfq_ sg' } Ps zLif{sdf !%) zAbx¿;Ddsf] Pp6f ;+jfb tof/ kf/ .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

110 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

kf7 !@

;fFRr} † :ju{ hfg] 9fs] f g} xf] <

kf7 ;'? ugc{' l3

õ ltdLn] e|d0f u/]sf s'g} rf/ :yn / tL 7fpsF f] ed| 0f ldlt n]v M

ed| 0f :yn ed| 0f ldlt

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

zAb / cy{

cf>d – Clifd'lg, ;fw';Gt a:g] ;fgf] s'6L k~r dxfkfk – kf“r cf6] f dxfkfkÒ kfr“ cf6] f 7'nf] kfk
3dfOnf] – 3fd nfus] f] ufa] 4{g kj{t – ufO{sf ufa] /af6 agfOg] ltxf/df k"hf
n]s – kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu ul/g] kj{t
bf]efg – bO' { gbL ldns] f] 7fpF o1zfnf – o1 ug]{ 7fpÒ“ xf]ds0' 8
/geN' n – cndnÒ låljwf tkf]el" d – tk:of ug{] e"ld
cgsG6f/ – PsfGt / b'u{d :yn bj] el" d – b]jtfx¿sf] el" d
kj| z] åf/ – leq k:g] 9f]sf ;xofqL – ;“u} ofqf ug]{ ;fyL
dxGt – ;GtÒ ;fw' k/fk"j{sfn – w/] } klxnfsf] ;do
xfO;Grf] – cf/fdÒ 9'Ss cv08o1 – lg/Gt/ o1
a6's – afnsÒ s]6f] cfe] mn] – 5fof
emGsf/ – ld7f] cfjfh

111/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

dn" kf7

;fRF r} † :ju{ hfg] 9fs] f g} xf] <

cxf † :juå{ f/L cf>d † – th] k|sfz >i] 7

slt /dfOnf] † slt 3dfOnf] † d kSs / 5Ss
k/]F .
;sLg;sL n]ssf] af6f] pSnbF f ysfO nfUbf]
/x5] . xfdL ysfOn] r/' ePsf 5f“} . ºofQ emfn] f
ldNsfP/ YofRr eO' Fd{ f a:ofF} . :ju{åf/Lsf] lr;f]
xfjfn] ysfO stf efUof] stf † ;fFRr} † :ju{
hfg] 9fs] f -:juåf/_ h:t} kf] /x]5 :juå{ f/L .

jgkfvf xl/ofnLn] 9kSs} 5 . ufOa{ :t' rl//x]sf
5g\ . r/fr'?ªu\ L lr/lr/fO/xs] f 5g\ . wk" bLk
/ km"nsf af:gfn] dg} nf]EofO/x]5 .
xfdL lxhf] dx]Gb| /fhdfus{ f] efn'jfªaf6 df]6/df r9o\ f}F . xfdLnfO{ leª\uLahf/ kU' g' lyof] .
leª\uLahf/ Ko7' fgsf] df8L -df08j_ / lemd?s gbLsf] bf]efgglhs} /x]5 . xfdL ToxfF af;
a:ofF} . ToxfFaf6 :juå{ f/L kU' g tLg 306fhlt k}bn} psfnf] nfUg'kbf{] /x5] . laxfg xfdL klg
;sLg;sL psfnf] nfUofF} .

sl/a @,!@@ ld6/ -^,(^) lkm6_ cUnf] n]s pSng' ;lhnf] lyPg . tk} lg xfdLnfO{ ToxfF kU' g
kl;gf r'xfpg} k¥of] . klxnk] lxn] :juå{ f/L;Dd} k}bn lx8F \gk' Yof{] . /fKtL c~rnsf] Tof] cgsG6f/
ns] df k'Ug df]6/af6f]sf] ;l' jwf lyPg . clxn] ToxfF k'Ug w/] } ;lhnf] ePsf] /x5] .

:ju{åf/L cf>d Pp6f ;fgf] ufpeF m“} nfUof] . o;}sf] gfdaf6 :ju{åf/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt g} ags] f]
/x]5 . xfdL k|jz] åf/af6 leq k:ofF} . :ju{åf/Ln] xfdLnfO{ d';S' s xfF;/] :jfut u¥of] . zª\vsf]
ld7f] cfjfh ;'lgof] .
To;kl5 xfdL sf7] f/L dxf/fh -dxGt_ a:g] 3/tkm{ nfUof}F . xfnsf dxGt gd{bfgGb lu/L zfGt
:jefjsf xg' 'xbF' f] /x]5 . pxf;F uF s/' fsfgL eof] . pxfFn] uf;F af;sf] Joj:yf ul/lbg'eof] . xfdLnfO{
xfO;Grf] eof] .

clg dg nufP/ :ju{åf/L rxfg{ yfNof}F . ToxfsF f e08f/ 3/, k':tsfno, leIf', ;Gof;Lx¿ a:g]
s6' Lx¿, k'hf/L / 5fqx¿ a:g] 3/x¿ klg PsPs u/L 3D' of}F . Ps 5p] df afnj]bf>d klg
bl] vof] . oxfF a|fxd\ 0f a6s' x¿nfO{ jb] k9fpg] ul/Fbf] /x]5 .
ç zflGt † ç zflGt †† sf] cfjfh;uF } 306sf] emGsf/n] xfdLnfO{ cfglGbt t'Nofof] .

uf}zfnfx¿df Ps ;oeGbf a9L ufOa{ :t' kflnPsf /x5] g\ . rp/el/ ufOa{ :t' otfptf rl//x]sf
bl] vGy] . tL ufO{a:t' cfsfzaf6 k/]sf] kfgL hDdf u/]/ agfPsf] kfv] /Ldf kfgL vfO/x]sf

112 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

lyP . Psl5g ufO{a:t' rl//x]sf] /dfOnf] dfGb} xl] //x\ofF} . si[ 0f eujfg\ st} d'/nL ahfP/ ufO{
r/fO/xs] f 5g\ ls h:tf] nflu/xo\ f] . d kNofsk'n's otfptf xb] {} lyP,F ;fdG' g] ufa] 4g{ kj{t g}
bl] vof] . ufa] / g} ufa] /sf] yk' f| ] nufP/ agfPsf] ufa] 4{g kjt{ df ltxf/df 7n' f] k"hf x'Fbf] /x5] .
3D' b}lkmb}{ xfdL o1zfnf k'u]5fF} . of] oxfsF f] vf; cfsif{s dlGb/ /x5] . 5fg] z}nLsf] cf7 sg' f
ePsf] of] o1zfnf x]b{} /fdf| ] /x5] . o;sf gf} cf6] f sf]7fdWo] dfemsf] Pp6f 7'nf] o1 -xjg_
s'08df cfuf] an]sf] bl] vof] . dV' o k"hf / xfd] -xjg_ eO/xs] f] /x]5 . oxfF x/]s lbg j]bkf7 /
o1 -xf]d_ ul/Fbf] /x]5 .
d t ;fRF r} tkfe] l" d / b]je"ldd} k'u]sf] cg'ej ug{ ku' ]5' . dg ;f/} zfGt aGof], xb[ o rf}rf} eof] .
æo:tf] cgsG6f/ 7fpdF f o:tf] kljqel" d †Æ d 5Ss lyPF . dn} ] ;xofqL ;fyLnfO{ ;fw] F] klg . t/
p;n] klg s] yfxf kfcf];\ . clg ToxfsF f d'Vo k'hf/L xl/x/ l/hfnhLnfO{ g;fw] L/xg ;s]gf}F .
ædflg;x¿ :ju{nfO{ b'Mv;'v sx] L gePsf] 7fpF 7fG5g\ . To;n} ] cfkm" d/]kl5 :ju{ k'Ug] OR5f
/fVg] u5g{ \ . To:t} OR5f / sfdgf /fv/] k/fk"j{ sfndf ;f/] hgf Clifx¿ oxfF ku' ]5g\ . oxfF
pgLx¿n] tk:of u/5] g\ . cv08 o1 u/]/ dl' St klg kfP5g\ . To;} an] fbl] v of] nf]s :ju{åf/L
-:ju{ hfg] 9fs] f_ sf] gfdn] kV| oft ePsf] xf] .Æ
xfdL pgsf] s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'Gg yfNofF} .
æTo;kl5 of] el" d w/] } jif;{ Dd cfe] m]ndf k¥of] . 3gf jghªu\ nn] 9flsof] . glhss} f ufpFn]x¿sf]
ufO{a:t' r/fpg] 7fpF eof] . ufO{uf7] x¿ aGg yfn] . t/ w/] } kl5 Ps hgf dxfTdfn] of] kljq
el" dnfO{ kml] / lrgfP . pg} dxfTdfn] !(%! ;fndf oxfF cfP/ cf>d agfPsf x'g\ .Æ k'hf/L
l/hfnhLn] eGge' of] .
pxf“sf s/' f ;G' bf;G' b} lbg 9lNs;s5] . xfdL ;an} ] hf8f] cg'ej u¥of“} .
æcxf] † ;feF msf] cf/tL ug]{ a]nf eP5 . hfcfF} lxF8\gf;] \ .Æ k'hf/L cl3cl3 nfUge' of] . xfdL
kl5kl5 nfUofF} . ;fFemsf] cf/tL Hofb} /fdf| ] / /dfOnf] xFb' f] /x]5 . cf/tL ;lsPkl5 ;a}
k'hf/Lx¿ ldn/] ehg, r'8s\ fdf gfrufg ubf{ /x5] g\ . /flt xfdL kfx'gf3/df uP/ cf/fd u¥ofF} .

efl] nkN6 Gofgf] 3fddf cfª tGsfpFb} cf>dsf]
dn" åf/sf] tfd|kq k9\g kU' of}F . nl] vPsf] /x5] –
ælatf{ u7' Lsf df}hfx¿sf cfDbfgLaf6 >L ke| s' f
rn] fkr| n] fx¿n] ;f] o1sf] sfd rnfO{ a;L vfg,'
o;df s;}n] nfe] LkfkL u/d] f k~r dxfkfk
nfUg5] .Æ
cfxf † :juå{ f/L cf>dsf] lgod s8} /x]5 . xfdL
bz] sf] Pp6f cdN" o ;DkbfnfO{ ;DemFb} cf/] fnf] emg{
yfNof}F .
;fFRr} † :ju{åf/L :ju{ hfg] 9fs] f g} xf] t < v}
sl' Gg † d o:t} /ge'Nndf k//] kfOnf rfln/xs] f]
lyPF .

113/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAbx¿ z4' ;Fu pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

:ju{åf/L, cf>d, 9kSs}, bf]efg, cgsG6f/, emGsf/, /ge'Nn,
k|j]zåf/, uf“;af;, a6's, k~r, uf]a4{g, ;xofqL, cv08,
@= tn cy{ 5g\ . l7s zAb 5fg/] n]v / k9 M

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ Clifd'lg, ;fw;' Gt a:g] 7fpF
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ 3fd nfu]sf]
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu
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ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ leq k:g] 9f]sf
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ ljleGg afhf, 306Laf6 lg:sg] ld7f] cfjfh
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ tk:of ug]{ 7fpF
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ b]jtfx¿ a:g] 7fpF
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÖ w]/} ;docufl8

k|j]zåf/ 3dfOnf] b]je"ld n]s emGsf/

cf>d k/fkj" { tkf]e"ld bf]efg

#= Pp6} cy{ gcfpg] zAbdf ufn] f] 3/] f nufpm M

s_ /ge'Nn /dfOnf] cndn låljwf

v_ dxGt ;Gt dflg; ;fw'

u_ Joj:yf k|aGw aGbf]a:t Joyf

3_ xfO;Grf] bM' v cf/fd 9S' s

ª_ a6's a6j' f s]6f] afns

r_ o1zfnf o1s0' 8 o1:yn kf7zfnf

$= tnsf zAbsf] pN6f] cy{ lbg] zAb n]v M

cf]/fnf] c;l' jwf czfGt ckljq udL{

;fFem u'? bfgL gs{ v08

114 /fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!@ Wofgkj" {s ;'g / tflnsfdf ldNg] zAbx¿ e/ M

ljZjnfO{ cfslif{t ug{ ;Sg]

kf| s[lts :ynx¿ wfld{s, ;f+:s[lts :ynx¿

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= ;'gfO kf7–!@ k'gM ;'g / 5'6]sf zAb /fvL vfnL 7fpF e/ M

s_ oxfFsf ljleGg :yfgx¿ ÒÒÒÒÒ tyf ÒÒÒÒÒ b[li6n] ljZjrlr{t 5g\ .

v_ g]kfndf k|fs[lts b[li6n] ljZjsf ÒÒÒÒÒ cfFvf nf]Eofpg ;Sg] ;of}+
ÒÒÒÒÒ 5g\ .

u_ g]kfn wfld{s tyf ;f:+ s[lts b[li6n] klg ÒÒÒÒÒ Wofg lvRg} ;Sg]

ÒÒÒÒÒ xf] .

3_ o; b]zn] ljZjnfO{ ÒÒÒÒÒ g} ÒÒÒÒÒ ;'Gb/ kf7 k9fPsf] 5 .

#= ltdLn] hfg rfxs] f] t/ clxn;] Dd hfg gkfPsf] sg' } Ps :yfgsf af/d] f ;fyLx¿nfO{
atfpm . Tof] :yfg ltdLnfO{ lsg dg k5{ < sf/0f klg b]pm .

$= kf7af6 lgDgfg';f/sf j0f{ nfus] f bO' {bO' { cf]6f zAb l6k M

v M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ 3 M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

5 M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ em M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

7 M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ y M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

km M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ e M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

s M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ u M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

6 M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ 8 M ÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒ

-sg' } j0f{ nfu]sf zAb kf7df gkfOPsf aflx/af6} klg /fVg ;lsg]5 ._

115/fdf| ] g]kfnL sIff &

%= …dn" kf7Ú sIffdf ;a}n] kfnk} fnf] ;'Gg] u/L k9 .

^= l7s pQ/df l7s lrgf] nufpm M

s_ :ju{åf/L sg' c~rndf kb{5 <

c_ jfudtL cf_ d]rL O_ dxfsfnL O{_ /fKtL

v_ ofqL :ju{åf/Ldf k'Ubf dxGt sf] lyP <

c_ :ju{åf/L afaf cf_ sf]7f/L dxf/fh O_ gd{bfgGb lu/L O{_ uf]a4{g afaf

u_ ofqL :ju{åf/L k'Ubf ToxfF dV' o kh' f/L sf] lyP <

c_ :ju{åf/L afaf cf_ xl/x/ l/hfn O_ gd{bfgGb lu/L O{_ sf]7f/L dxf/fh

3_ o; kf7df :ju{åf/Lsf] ofqf ug]{ sf] xg' \ <

c_ :ju{åf/L afaf cf_ xl/x/ l/hfn O_ gd{bfgGb lu/L O{_ t]hk|sfz >]i7

ª_ dxfkfts eg]sf] s] xf] <

c_ dxfg\ kfq cf_ 7n' f] kfk O_ dxfb]j O{_ 7n' f] kft

&= hf8] f ldnfpm M

s_ leª\uL ahf/ ltxf/df k"hf ul/g] uf]a/sf] kj{t

v_ :ju{åf/L ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt :ju{åf/Lsf afnsnfO{ j]b k9fpg] 7fpF

u_ d"nåf/sf] tfd|kq lemd?s gbLsf] bf]efg glhssf] ahf/

3_ :ju{åf/L afnj]bf>d :ju{åf/L tLy{:ynsf gfdn] /x]sf] uflj;

ª_ uf]a4{g kj{t :ju{åf/L cf>dsf] lgod n]lvPsf] tfd|kq

*= pQ/ bp] m M

s_ ofqLsf] ysfO :ju{åf/L ku' ]kl5 s;/L efUof] <

v_ :ju{åf/L s:tf] /x]5 <

u_ klxnf / clxn] :ju{åf/Lsf] ofqf ubf{ s] leGgtf kfOG5 <

3_ ofqLnfO{ :ju{åf/Lsf] uf}zfnf b]Vbf s:tf] dx;;' eof] <

ª_ s'g ;dob]lv To; 7fpFnfO{ :ju{åf/L eGg yflnPsf] /x]5 <

r_ k'hf/L l/hfnn] ofqLnfO{ :ju{åf/Lsf af/]df s]s] hfgsf/L u/fP <

5_ cf/tL ;lsPkl5 k'hf/Lx¿ s] ubf{ /x]5g\ <

h_ ofqL lsg /ge'Nndf k/] <

116 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7af6 kf“rkf“r cf6] f cg's/0ffTds zAb / ;o+ S' t zAb vfh] ]/ nv] .
@= kIf egs] f] sfnsf] ;"Id ljefhg xf] . e"t sfnsf kfFr kIf 5g\ M

s_ d 3/ uPF . -;fdfGo et" _
v_ d 3/ hfFb} lyPF . -ck"0f{ e"t_
u_ d 3/ uPsf] lyPF . -k0" f{ et" _
3_ d 3/ hfGy]F . -cEo:t e"t_
ª_ d 3/ uP“5' . -c1ft et" _
-pm ljBfno cfpF5 . jfSonfO{ et" sfnsf kfrF cf6] } kIfdf ¿kfGt/0f u/ ._
#= jtd{ fg sfn / eljiot\ sfnsf kIfsf jfSo k9 M
s_ d 3/ hfG5' . -;fdfGo jt{dfg_ s_ d 3/ hfg]5' . -;fdfGo eljiot\_
v_ d 3/ hfFb} 5' . -ck0" f{ jt{dfg_ v_ d 3/ hfFb} x'g]5' .-ck"0f{ eljiot\_
u_ d 3/ uPsf] 5' . -k"0f{ jt{dfg_ u_ d 3/ uPsf] xg' ]5' . -k"0f{ eljiot\_
-…pm ljBfno uof] .Ú jfSonfO{ jtd{ fg sfn / eljiot\ sfnsf tLg cf]6} kIfdf
¿kfGt/0f u/ ._
$= sg' sfn / kIfsf jfSo xg' \, lrg]/ nv] M
s_ xfdL v]Ng uof}F . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ v_Tof] emu8f uYof]{ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
u_ pgLx¿ cfpg]5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ 3_ ltdL 3/ hfFb} 5f} . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ª_ ltgLx¿ v]Ng uP5g\ .ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ r_ pgLx¿ k9\b} lyP . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
5= d}n] v]n]sf] lyPF . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ h_ pgLx¿n] k9]sf 5g\ . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
%= lgDg lqmofkb ePsf jfSo kf7af6 vfh] /] nv] . tL jfSo sg' sg' sfnsf xg' \ <
gfd nv] M
/x]5, ePsf 5f}F, a:of}F, lxF8\g'kYof]{, /x]5g\, b]lvGy], x]b}{ lyPF, k'u]5f}F, nfUg]5,

117/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

cEof;leqsf] kf7

:joDe"sf] e|d0f

æl56f] u/ † uf8L 5'6g\ } nfUof] .Æ
aa' fn] xtf/ nufpg'eof] .
Tof] lbg laxfg} :joDes" f] ed| 0f ug{] xfdf| ] sfoq{ md lyof] . xfdL xtfl/bF } uf8Ldf r9o\ f}F .
xfdL k:gl] alQs} uf8L lxFl8xfNof] . uf8L df5fkfv] /L, afnfh,' jg:ynL x'Fb} :joDes" f]
klZrdk6l\ 6 /f]lsof] .
æcxf] † sqf] a'4 †Æ
5p] d} ePsf] a'4sf] dl" t{ bV] g]lalQs} d/] f] dv' af6 kml' :sxfNof] . uf8L rqmky 5f8] ]/ kg' M
cufl8 a9o\ f] / s]xL psfnf] x'bF } :joDe" :tk" sf] kl5lNt/sf] kfls{ªdf cl8of] .
uf8Laf6 cfn] ]/{ xfdL e¥ofª plSng yfNof}F . s]xL a/] d} xfdL :joDe" :t"ksf] cufl8 pleg
kU' ofF} . ToxfF y'k|} bzg{ fyLx{ ¿ :tk" jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf lyP .
æcfd] dfd]kfd] x'd\ †Æ
/ftf n'uf nufPsf Ps xn' leIfx' ¿ xfd|} cufl8af6 :tk" sf] kl/qmdf ug{ yfn] .
æcfxf † slt /fdf| ] ;x/ † pm Tof] k/ bl] vPsf] eLd;]g :tDe xf]Og <Æ d~h'n] :joDe"sf]
k|fªu\ 0faf6 bl] vg ;]tf] :tDe bv] fpFb} v;' L JoSt u/L . ;fFRr}, ToxfFaf6 gf/fo0flx6L
b/af/, l;x+ b/af/, xg'dfg9fs] f b/af/, Po/kf]6{, sLlt{k'/ ;a} k|:6 b]lvbF f] /x]5 .
d :joDea" f6 bl] vg] sf7df8f}sF f] bZ[ o lgofln/x]sf] lyPF . d/] f] xftdf ePsf] k|;fbsf] emf]nf
afFb/n] n5' /] nUof] .
118 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

!= tnsf zAbx¿sf] kof{ojfrL zAb cEof;leqsf] kf7af6 vf]h]/ nv] M

3d' 3fd M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km]l/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;F9L M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;do M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

w]/} M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ltyf{n' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

sk8f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ vDaf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

:ki6 M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ s/ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

@= kf7af6 lgDg j0f{ nfus] f PsPs cf]6f zAb l6k M

; M ÒÒÒÒÒ z M ÒÒÒÒÒ

a M ÒÒÒÒÒ If M ÒÒÒÒÒ

g M ÒÒÒÒÒ ` M ÒÒÒÒÒ

o M ÒÒÒÒÒ P M ÒÒÒÒÒ

#= Ps zAbdf pQ/ n]v M

s_ s;n] xtf/ nufpg'eof] < v_ n]vsn] s]sf] dl" t{ b]Vof] <

u_ uf8L s] 5f]8]/ cufl8 a9\of] < 3_ :tk" jl/kl/ sf] 3'ld/x]sf lyP <

ª_ d~hn' ] s] b]vL < r_ n]vssf] xftsf] k|;fb s]n] n'5\of] <

$= cEof;leqsf] kf7 dgdg} k9 .

%= tnsf jfSox¿nfO{ sf]i7ssf cfwf/df kl/jtg{ u/ M

s_ xfdL :joDe"sf] bz{g ug{ uof}F . -Psjrg_

v_ d]/L alxgL kf7zfnf hfG5] . -axj' rg_

u_ Tof] s]6f] lgs} /fd|f] /x]5 . -:qLlnª\u_

3_ lbbLn] ld7f] vfgf ksfpge' of] . -kl' nª\u_

ª_ ltdLx¿ km6' an v]Ng dg k/fpF5f} . -t[tLo k'?if_

r_ d}n] ;a}nfO{ 3/df af]nfPsf] 5' . -låtLo k?' if_

5_ pm /fd|/L uLt ufpFb} 5] . -k|yd k'?if_

119/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

;fd"lxs lqmofsnfk

õ sIffsf ;ft hgf ;fyLsf] gfd n]v . ca pgLx¿n] e|d0f u/]sf bO' b{ O' { cf6] f dlGb/
/ tL dlGb/x¿ ePsf] 7fpFsf] gfd;dt] pgLx¿nfO{ g} ;fw] ]/ n]v M

qm=;=+ ;fyLsf] gfd dlGb/sf] gfd / 7fpF dlGb/sf] gfd / 7fpF
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ª_ -5f]/fåf/f_ 3/ agfOG5 . ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

129/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

;fdl" xs lqmofsnfk

õ kfFrkfrF hgfsf] ;dx" ag . ca x/]s ;d"xn] tnsf vfnL 7fpdF f l7s gftf;DaGwsf
zAbx¿ nv] . h'g ;d"xn] ;aeGbf klxn] l7s gftf;DaGwsf zAbx¿ el/;S5, ToxL
;d"x ljht] f aG5 .

5f]/fsL >LdtL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfdfsf bfh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

bfhs' L alxgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ >Ldfg\sL lbbL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

>LdtLsL cfdf M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ a'afsL lbbL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

>LdtLsf efO M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ a'afsf xh/' af M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

>Ldfg\sL alxgL M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5f]/Lsf ;;'/f M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

alxgLsf >Ldfg\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ cfdfsL efph" M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

a'afsf legfh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ 5f]/Lsf] gflt M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ
5f]/Lsf >Ldfg\ M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ >Ldfg\sf bfh' M ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

l;hg{ fTds nv] g

õ …d/] L cfdfÚ zLif{sdf Pp6f sljtf n]v cyjf !%) zAb;Ddsf] Pp6f lgaGw nv] .
ltdLn] n]vs] f] sljtf jf lgaGw sIffsf ;fyLnfO{ klg ;g' fpm .
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ
ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ

130 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

kf7 ;?' ugc{' l3 kf7 !$

kfgL

õ dflysf kmnkm"n / t/sf/LdWo] ;aeGbf a9L kfgL sg' df xf]nf <
õ dflysf kmnkm"n / t/sf/LdWo] ;aeGbf sd kfgL s'gdf xfn] f <

zAb / cy{

PSsfl; – crfgsÒ cs:dft\ /lQ – slQ klgÒ yf/] }
Kof;
e08f/ – ltvf{ 36F} f] – df6fsf] kfgL /fVg] 8Nnf] ef8F f]
xfxfsf/
– ;|ft] Ò sg' } s'/f hDdf ul/Psf] 7fp“ ul| Gy – uf7F f]

– cefj df+;kz] L – df;+ lk08Ò z/L/sf df;'sf 8Nnf

131/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

d"n kf7

kfgL
–zfGtbf; dfgGw/

cfu“ gdf v]ln/xs] f] ;fgf] gfgL PSsfl; 3/leq k:of]
/ ækfgL kfgL †Æ eGb} p;n] kfgLsf] ef“8f] vf]h/]
3636 kfgL vfof] . To;kl5 pm kml] / aflx/ vN] g
uof] . xfdLnfO{ l5gl5gdf lsg ltvf{ nfU5 x“ <
cl:t cfdfn] udnfdf kmn" sf] af]6 /fK] ge' PYof] .
cfh slt lbg eO;Sof] af6] /fk] ]sf] t/ af]6 eg]
/lQ klg a9s] f] 5g} , af]6sf kftx¿ cf]Onfpg yfn]
h:tf] b]lvG5g\ . Tof] b]v/] cfdfn] eGg'eof]– æHof,
kfgL xfNg g} la;F]{5' d}n] † clg s;/L a9n\ f t
la?jf <Æ kfgL ePg eg] la?jf lsg a9\bg} <
kftx¿ lsg cfO] nfp“5g\ <
v]taf/Lsf] df6f] klg kfgL 5}g eg] lsg k6k6L
km6' 5\ < kfgL ePg eg] df6f] lsg 9'ª\uf h:tf] ;f/f] xG' 5 < af]6, la?jf, hLjhGt', dfG5],
vt] , rp/sf] df6f] ;anfO{ kfgL geO{ xb'“ f] /xg] 5 .
cl:t d]/f ;fyLsf] efOnfO{ kvfnf nfu]Yof] . p;sf] cg'xf/ t lrGg} g;lsg] kf] ePYof],
ufnf :ofKk ;'ss] f, cfv“ f leq;Dd u9s] f / :j/ bas] f] . c:ktfndf k'¥ofPkl5 8fS6/n]
p;nfO{ bV] g]lalQs} eg]– æz/L/sf] kfgL w/] } ;'ls;s5] . nf,} l56\6} kfgL lbg'k¥of] .Æ
To;kl5 8fS6/n] p;nfO{ ;nfOg kfgL lbP . lhpleq kfgL k;]kl5 d]/f ;fyLsf efOsf]
cg'xf/ la:tf/} pHoflnof] .
kvfnf nfUbf lhpleqsf] kfgL kvfnfl;t hfb“ f] /x5] . udL{ dlxgfdf lx“88n' ubf{ jf
sfd ubf{ klg xfdf| ] z/L/leqsf] kfgL kl;gf eP/ aflx/ lg:s“bf] /x5] . ;f; kmb] f{ dfq
klg rfl} a; 306fdf xfdf| ] lhpleqsf] b'O{ ;o u|fd hlt kfgL aflx/ lg:sb“ f] /x5] . cem
/f“}sf KjfnKjfnaf6 xfdLnfO{ yfxf g} gx'g] lsl;dn] xfd|f] z/L/sf] slt kfgL afkm eP/
lgl:s/x]s} x'G5 . z/L/leqsf] kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'“b} uPkl5 xfdLnfO{ kfgLsf] Kof; nfUg
yfN5, egf}“ ltvf{ nfUg yfN5 . To; a]nf xfdLn] kfgL vfg kfPgf}“ eg] xfdL yfS5f“} dfq
xfO] g, xfd|f] z/L/sf] jhg klg 36\5 . kvfnf nfUbf kfgL kfPgf“} jf vfPgf}“ eg] xfd|f]
/utdf ePsf] kfgL klg kvfnfl;t lg:sG5 . To;kl5 /ut afSnf] xg' yfN5 / xfdLnfO{
;f; km]g{ ;dt] uf/f] xg' yfN5 . cxf] † z/L/leq kfgLsf] dfqf 36b\ } uof] eg] t xfdLnfO{
;f; km]g{ dfq uf/f] x'g] xf]Og, xfdL la/fdL g} kbf{ /x]5f}“ .
xfdf| ] z/L/leq kfgL sxf“ hDdf eO/xG5 t < xfdLn] vfPsf] kfgL klxn] cfGb|fn] ;f;] /]
lnG5, To;kl5 z/L/leqsf kfgL e08f/x¿df hfG5 . tL e08f/x¿ egs] f df+;kz] Lx¿,

132 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

u|lGyx¿ x'g,\ To;kl5 /utdf hfG5 . kl;gfu|lGyx¿df x'g] kfgL rflx“ /utsf] kfgL hfg]
xf] . Sof uha † of] t clxns] f] ;x/ahf/df h:t} kf] /x]5– kfgL6\ofª\sLsf] kfgL hldgleq
la5o\ fOPsf kfOksf hfnfaf6 3/3/sf wf/fx¿df uP h:t,} z/L/leq klg hxfh“ xf“ kfgL
rflxG5, Toxf“Toxf“ e08f/x¿sf] kfgL cfkm}“ k'Ubf] /x]5 . clg kfgL gePkl5 ;x/df xfxfsf/
xg' ] eP h:t} z/L/leq kfgLsf] dfqf 36k] l5 ;f; km]g;{ dt] xfdLnfO{ uf/f] x'g]/x]5 .
xfdL ;G' tnf vfG5f“} . ;G' tnf ld7f] x'G5 . ;'Gtnfsf] ld7f] eg]sf] o;leqsf] /; xf] . /;
gePsf] ;'Gtnf ld7f] x“b' g} . ;G' tnfsf /;df kfgL xG' 5 ls xb'“ }g < kmnkmn" df, t/sf/Ldf
;ayf]sdf s]xLgsx] L kfgL /x]s} xG' 5 . cfn' sf6b\ f To;leq kfgL b]lvG5, Kofhdf klg
/; x'G5 . gl/jnleqsf] kfgL s:tf] ld7f] xG' 5 † kml] / v/ah' f x]g;{' \ t † Tof] t 3}6“ f] h:t}
slQ kfgL To;leq, afa} † kfgL t htftt} /x]5 . xg} , dflg; cfºgf] lhpleq /xs] f]
kfgLsf] e/df dfq slt lbg;Dd kfgL g} gvfO{ afR“ g ;S5 < a9Ldf ;qc7f/ lbg;Dd
dfq afR“ g ;Sbf] /x5] . r/f / ls/fx¿sf lhpdf klg t kfgLsf] e08f/ xf]nf lg < xf],
ltgsf z/L/df klg kfgLsf] e08f/ xG' 5g\ . ltgLx¿sf z/L/df ePsf kfgLsf e08f/n]
bO' { lbg;Ddsf nflu sfd u5{g\ .
To;f] eP kfgL t ;a}nfO{ clt cfjZos s/' f /x]5 . xf] t lg, kfgL ePg eg] g dfG5]
x'G5, g r/fr?' ªu\ L g,} g ?v xG' 5, g kft g} . To;f] xf] eg] ?vla?jfn] kfgL s;/L vfG5
t < ?vla?jfn] kfgL dfq xf]Og, o;nfO{ rflxg] vfgf klg o;sf h/fn] vfG5 clg a9L
ePsf] kfgL o;n] kmfN5 . cxf,] o; s'/fdf t ?vla?jf klg dflg; h:t} kf] /x5] t † csf]{
s/' f, hlt hLjhGt' xfdL cfsfzdf pl8/x]sf bV] 5f“} jf hldgdf lxl“ 8/x]sf jf al;/x]sf
b]V5f}“, tLeGbf klg a9L kfgLleq a;]sf x'G5g\ . ltgLx¿ kfgLd} hlGdG5g\, x's{G5g\ / kfgLd}
d5{g\ . To;}n] ltgLx¿sf] t s'/} ugk{' /]g . d'Vo s/' f] kfgL ePg eg] t xfdL af“Rg} ;Sb}gf},“
s'g} hLj klg af“Rg ;Sb}gg\ .
xg} , To:tf] sg' } hLj 5}g, h;nfO{ kfgL vfg'kb{g} < sx] L hLjx¿ 5g,\ h;n] xfdLn] h:t}
3636 u/]/ jf ss' /' n] h:t} NofkNofk u/]/ kfgL vfb“ g} g\ t/ ltgLx¿ xfjfdf ePsf kfgL
vfG5g\ / afR“ 5g\ . xfjfdf klg kfgL x'G5 / < xfjfdf kfgL s;/L /xs] f] xG' 5 <
xf], xfjfdf klg kfgL x'G5 . hf8f] ofddf d'vn] ;f; tfGbf xfdL lhaf| ] / 3f“6L;Dd g} lr;f]
ePsf] cg'ej u5f{“} . clg ;f; 5f8] b\ f xg] {';\ t PskN6 xfdf| ] emo\ fnsf l;;fdf, To;df
kfgL b]lvG5 . 5fP] / xg] {';\, t, nf} To;df klg t kfgL 5 . ;f; tfGbf / km]bf{ klg xfd|f]
;f;l;t kfgL leqaflx/ x'“bf/] x5] . clg zLt egs] f] s] xf] t < Tof] t xfjfdf ePsf] xfjf
h:tf] kfgL, To; a]nfsf] lr;f] tfkqmdn] ubf{ kfgL eP/ v;s] f] t xf] lg †
cxf], kfgL t xfdLnfO{ geO{ gx'g] s/' f kf] /x5] . xfjf h:t} xfdLnfO{ kfgL klg plQs}
rflxb“ f] /x5] . of] s/' f dflg;nfO{ slxn] yfxf eof] xf]nf < pm hGd]b]lv g} p;n] kfgL vf“b}
cfO/xs] f] 5 . kfgL vfO/x5] ' eGg] g} yfxf gx'b“ fgx“'b} p;n] kfgL vf“b} cfPsf] 5, h;/L Pp6f
aRrfn] d cfdfsf] bw' vfO/x5] ' eGg] yfxf gxb“' fgxb'“ } cfdfsf] b; wf/f bw' vfb“ } vfPsf]
x'G5 . vfln s] eg], vfgk] fgL s:tf] x'gk' 5{, Ps hgf dflg;n] lbgel/df slt kfgL vfgk' 5{
eGg] s'/f dfq p;n] la:tf/} kl5 yfxf kfp“b} u/]sf] xf] .

133/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

zAbe08f/;DaGwL cEof;

!= tnsf zAb z'4;“u pRrf/0f u/ / sfkLdf ;f/ M

PSsfl; k6k6L :ofKk Kof; cfjZos tfkqmd
df+;k]zL u|lGy 3}F6f]
/lQ xfxfsf/ e08f/

@= Pp6} cy{ cfpg] zAb;u“ hf]8f ldnfpm M

PSsfl; ufF7f] Kof; 5]/f}6L

xfxfsf/ la?jf /lQ df+;lk08

u|lGy crfgs df;+ k]zL ltvf{

af]6 cefj kvfnf yf]/}

#= vfnL 7fp“df ldNg] cgs' /0ffTds zAb /fv M

s_ ltvf{Psf] ;fgf] s]6fn] kfgLsf] efF8f] vf]h]/ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kfgL lkof] .

v_ kf]v/Lsf] kfgL t ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ ;s' ]5 .

u_ udL{n] ubf{ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ kl;gf cfof] .

3_ xfd|f] emG8f lxdfndf klg ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ km/km/fO/x]sf] 5 .

ª_ sIffdf ljBfyL{x¿ ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ xfF;] .

r_ Tof] s]6f] PSn} ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ /f]O/x]sf] 5 .

5_ lbgel/ s'b]sfn] d]/f v'6\6f ÒÒÒÒÒÒÒÒ un]sf 5g\ .

kmtSs, w?' w?' , :ofKk}, 3636, unn, vnvnL, km/km/

$= jfSo agfpm M

Hof kvfnf zLt emdSs
cfFvf 5Ng' s/' f vfg'
v'q'Ss dfof dfg'{

%= 6S' sf agfO{ sfkLdf nv] M

vfg' vfg'
s/' f sf6\g' sfg ;dfTg'

ldNg' sf6\g'

/fVg' xfNg'
gfs arfpg' xft yfKg'

sf6\g' 5f]8\g'

134 /fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &

afw] / cleJolSt;DaGwL cEof;

!= ;g' fO kf7–!$ Wofgkj" s{ ;'g / v08 -s_ / v08 -v_ sf jfSof+zx¿ hf8] L cy{k0" f{
jfSo agfpm M

v08 -s_ v08 -v_

s_ …kfgL hLjg xf]Ú s;}sf] ljleGg 5g\ .

v_ kfgLlagf sg' } k|f0fL dfq xf]Og t/n :j¿kdf b]vf k5{ .

u_ kfgLsf ;|f]t / :j¿k o;n] afkmsf] :j¿k lnG5 .

3_ ;fwf/0f hLjgdf kfgL o; egfOdf ;Totf 5 .

ª_ kfgLnfO{ ttfof] eg] jg:klt hut\sf] klg sNkgf ug{ ;lsb}Fg .

@= ;'gfO kf7–!$ km]l/ ;'g / pQ/ bp] m M

s_ kfgLlagf sg' s'/fsf] sNkgf ug{ ;lsFb}g <

v_ kfgLnfO{ ;fwf/0f cy{df s'g ¿kdf lnOG5 .

u_ /f;folgs b[li6n] kfgL s;/L ag]sf] x'G5 <

3_ sg' } kfFr cf]6f kfgLsf ;|f]tx¿ pNn]v u/ .

ª_ kfgLsf :j¿kx¿sf] af/]df atfpm .

#= b]lgs ¿kdf ltdL slt / slxn] kfgL lkp5F f} < sIffsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ atfpm .

$= …dn" kf7Ú sf cg'R5b] x¿ kfnk} fnf] k9 . kf7df ga'ems] f kbkbfjnL jf jfSo eP
ltgdf /]vfª\sg u/ . To:tf /]vfª\lst kb, kbfjnL jf jfSosf] af/d] f lzIfsnfO{
;fw] ]/ :ki6 xfp] m .

%= tnsf] cgR' 5]b dgdg} k9 / /fdf| cIf/n] sfkLdf ;f/ M

xf], xfjfdf klg kfgL xG' 5 . hf8f] ofddf dv' n] ;f; tfGbf xfdL lha|f] / 3f“6L;Dd
g} lr;f] ePsf] cg'ej u5f}{“ . clg ;f; 5f]8\bf x]g'{;\ t PskN6 xfd|f] em\ofnsf
l;;fdf, To;df kfgL b]lvG5 . 5f]P/ x]g{';\, t, nf} To;df klg t kfgL 5 . ;f;
tfGbf / km]bf{ klg xfd|f] ;f;l;t kfgL leqaflx/ x“'bf]/x]5 . clg zLt eg]sf] s] xf]
t < Tof] t xfjfdf ePsf] xfjf h:tf] kfgL, To; a]nfsf] lr;f] tfkqmdn] ubf{ kfgL
eP/ v;]sf] t xf] lg †

135/fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

^= Ps jfSodf pQ/ bp] m M
s_ v]taf/Lsf] df6f] s;/L km6' \5 <
v_ xfdLnfO{ Kof; lsg nfU5 <
u_ z/L/leq kfgLsf] dfqf sd eP s] x'G5 <
3_ dflg; kfgL gvfO{sg slt lbg afFRg ;S5 <
ª_ ss' '/n] kfgL s;/L vfG5 <
r_ ?vla?jfn] kfgL s]af6 vfG5 <

&= Ps cg'R5b] df pQ/ nv] M
s_ kfgL ePg eg] la?jf lsg a9\b}g <
v_ z/L/sf] kfgL s;/L aflx/ lg:sG5 <
u_ xfdLn] vfPsf] kfgL s;/L z/L/sf ljleGg efudf k'U5 <
3_ xfjfdf klg kfgL xG' 5, k|:6 kf/ .
ª_ xfdLn] kfgL s;/L vfO/x]sf x'G5f}F .

*= kfgL ePg eg] s] xf]nf < Ps ;o zAb;Dddf nv] .
(= kfgL zLifs{ df Pp6f lgaGw nv] . o;sf nflu lgDg abF' fdf la;b]lv lt; zAb;Dd

nv] M
s_ klxnf] cg'R5]b

-kl/roM kfgLsf] kl/ro / ;|f]t_
v_ bf];|f] cgR' 5]b

-pkof]uM kfgL s'gs'g sfdsf nflu rflxG5 <_
u_ t];|f] cg'R5]b

-kfgLsf] :j¿kM t/n, 7f];, Uof;, /ª_
3_ clGtd cg'R5]b

-lgisif{M kfgL gx'Fbf s] xG' 5 < kfgLsf] ;bk' of]u s;/L ug{'k5{ <_

136 /fdf| ] gk] fnL sIff &

Jofs/0f;DaGwL cEof;

!= kf7sf] clGtd bO' { cg'R5b] k9L lgDg lgkft k|ofu] ePsf PsPs jfSo sfkLdf nv] M

g}, t, nf}, lg

@= vfnL 7fpd“ f l7s lgkft e/ M

s_ ÒÒÒÒ ltdL kf] cfP5f} t . -P÷kf]_

v_ pgLx¿ ÒÒÒÒ 3/ uP5g\ . -Hof÷t_

u_ ltdL l56f] cfpm ÒÒÒÒ . -P÷/]_

3_ ltdL /fd|f] k9 ÒÒÒÒ . -kf]÷n_

ª_ ÒÒÒÒ ltdLn] klg o;f] eGg ldN5 . -n÷kf]_

#= tnsf lgkft k|ofu] u/L PsPs jfSo agfpm M

/], t, lg, kf], Hof, n

$= pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h;/L jfRo kl/jtg{ u/ M

s_ d eft vfG5' . dåf/f eft vfOG5 .

v_ efO 3/ hfG5 . u_ pm syf k9\5 .

3_ efO u[xsfo{ u5{ . ª_ 5f]/f] l56\6} ;T' 5 .

%= pbfx/0fdf b]vfP h;/L jfRo kl/jt{g u/ M

s_ -efOåf/f_ vfhf vfOG5 . efO vfhf vfG5 .

v_ -cfdfåf/f_ sfd ul/G5 . u_ -ljBfyL{åf/f_ sljtf kl9G5 .

3_ -dåf/f_ u[xsfo{ ;lsG5 . ª_ -5f]/Låf/f_ /fd|/L gflrG5 .

^= tnsf jfSosf] kb;ªu\ lt ldnfO{ n]v M

s_ cfdf 3/df cfOg\ . -cfb/_

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ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ ÒÒÒÒÒÒ

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;s;s nfUg' – hfGg dg nfUg'
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nfnfafnf – 7'nf] lk/Ò /Gsf] l67 nfUg' – bof nfUg'
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t?gL – ;a;} u“ ldNg] ;'Joj:yf – /fdf| ] aGbfa] :t
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nfn' u?' ªn] d[To'nfO{ l;dnsf] ?vleq k;fP/ dflyNnf] tnfdf nu]5 . dT[ on' ] nfn' u'?ªsf]
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ul/xfN5' lg, lrGtf ugk{' bg}{ egL js} 0' 7af6 tn cfl] nP{ 5g\ . a9' fsf] e]if lnPsf lji0fn' ] nfn'
u?' ªsf] 9fs] f cufl8 ku' ]/ p;nfO{ ;fw] 5] g\, æo;/L oltsf jif{ aflF r/x“bf ltdLnfO{ ysfO
nfus] f] 5}g <Æ

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8/5?] jf x'g ;'xfp5“ s] t < o; ;[li6nfO{ rnfO/fVg] xf] eg] x/s] n] cfºgfc] fºgf] st{Jo
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pQ/bfloTj kG5fpg vf]h]sf]df nfhdg{' eP5 . t/ lji0f'n] 9f8; lbb“ } eg5] g\, æcfºgf]
kbaf6 /fhLgfdf ug{] s'/f] ltdL g;fr] , a? cfºgf] sfd /fd|/L ug{ ltdLnfO{ ss] f] vf“rf]
k¥of], dnfO{ eg .Æ

d[Ton' ] Ps l5g;Dd lgwf/ v'DRofP/ ;f]r]5 / nfdf] ;f; tfg]/ eg5] , ædnfO{ ;an} ] b]Vg
;Sg] ePsn} ] d}n] oltsf si6 emN] g'k/]sf] xf] . x] eujfg\ † dnfO{ s:tf] zlSt lbg'xf];\ eg]
d ;;+ f/nfO{ bV] g ;s“" t/ dnfO{ eg] ;+;f/sf kf| 0fLx¿ s;n} ] klg bV] g g;s"g\ .Æ

lji0f' eujfg\n] dT[ o'sf] OR5f k¥' ofOlbP5g\ / t cfh;Dd klg xfdL sf]xL klg dT[ on' fO{ b]Vg
;Sb}gf}“ t/ pm eg] ;;+ f/sf ;f/f kf| 0fLx¿nfO{ /fd/| L bV] g ;Sg] x'gfn] p;n] rfxs] f] a]nfdf
h;nfO{ rfxo\ f] 6kSs l6k]/ nfb“ } g} 5 .

145/fd|f] g]kfnL sIff &