Modul Semarak Kasih - Biology Kertas 2 (Soalan)

BIOLOGI KERTAS 2

PENGENALAN

Program Semarak Kasih SPM 2020 ini merupakan inisiatif yang diambil oleh Jabatan
Pendidikan Negeri Sarawak untuk membantu calon SPM menghadapi peperiksaan SPM.
Modul Biologi Kertas 2 ini bersifat pembelajaran kendiri dengan berfokus kepada soalan
berformat SPM yang disusun mengikut topik. Dengan adanya modul ini, diharapkan calon SPM
2020 dapat membuat ulang kaji mata pelajaran Biologi dengan lebih berfokus. Calon
peperiksaan SPM digalakkan menggunakan modul ini untuk membuat ulang kaji dalam tempoh
cuti sekolah akhir tahun mulai 18 Disember 2020.

ISI KANDUNGAN Muka Surat
3 - 22
Bab Tajuk 23 - 52
2 Struktur dan Organisasi Sel 53 - 68
3 Pergerakan Membran Merentas Membran Plasma 69 - 95
4 Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel
5 Pembahagian Sel 96 - 119
6 Nutrisi 120 - 135
7 Respirasi 136 - 166
8 Ekosistem Dinamik 167 - 180
9 Ekosistem Terancam 181 - 195
10 Sistem Pengangkutan 196 - 211
11 Pergerakan dan Sokongan 212 - 228
12 Koordinasi dan Gerak Balas 229 - 247
13 Pembiakan dan Pertumbuhan 248 - 267
14 Pewarisan 268 - 281
15 Variasi

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|3

Section A
Bahagian A
Chapter 2 : Cell Structure and Cell Organisation
Bab 2 : Struktur dan Organisasi Sel
1 Diagram 1.1 shows part of cells organization in human.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada organisasi sel pada manusia.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1
(a) (i) Name cell Q.
Namakan sel Q.
…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) State the function of cell Q.
Nyatakan fungsi sel Q.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
….……………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(iii) Explain how organ R is formed.
Terangkan bagaimana organ R terbentuk.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|4
(b) (i) Name an organelle that is found abundantly in cell Q.

Namakan satu organel yang banyak terdapat di dalam sel Q.
……….………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(ii) Explain what will happen if organelle named in (b)(i) is absent in cell Q.
Terangkan apa yang akan terjadi sekiranya sel Q tidak mempunyai
organel seperti yang dinyatakan dalam (b)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
……….………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows an Amoeba sp found in freshwater pond.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan Amoeba sp yang dijumpai dalam sebuah kolam air
tawar.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Explain how does the Amoeba sp. moves .
Terangkan bagaimana Amoeba sp. bergerak .
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|5
(ii) Predict what will happen to the contractile vacuole if the Amoeba sp. is

placed in a concentrated salt solution .
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada vakuol mengecut sekiranya
Amoeba sp. dimasukkan ke dalam larutan garam pekat.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
….……………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020 KELANTAN
2 Diagram 2.1 shows a root hair cell.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu sel rambut akar.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name P and Q.
Namakan P and Q.
P: ……………………………………………………………………………..
Q: ……………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State the function of R.
Nyatakan fungsi R.
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|6

(b) (i) The cell in Diagram 2.1 cannot carry out photosynthesis. Why?
Sel dalam Rajah 2.1 tidak dapat menjalankan fotosintesis. Mengapa?

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Give an example of another cell similar to the cell in Diagram 2.1.
Berikan contoh sel lain yang sama seperti sel di Rajah 2.1.

…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(c) Explain the importance of root hair cell contain more organelle S.
Terangkan kepentingan sel rambut akar mempunyai lebih organel S.

……………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………….
…………………………………………………………………………………..…..
……......……………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(d) Diagram 2.2 show one method to make guava pickle.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan satu kaedah membuat jeruk jambu.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

Biologi Kertas 2

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|7

(i) Draw a labelled diagram of the condition of a guava cell after three
hours.
Lukiskan satu rajah berlabel keadaan satu sel jambu selepas tiga jam.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Explain how this condition happen.
Terangkan bagaimana keadaan ini berlaku.

…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………
…………….…………………………………………………………………..
….………………………………………..…………………………………….

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

3 Diagram 3 shows human’s cheek cell observed through an electron microscope.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sel pipi manusia di bawah mikroskop elektron.

P S
Biologi Kertas 2 R
Q

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|8

(a) Based on Diagram 3, name the structure labeled P and Q.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q.

P : ……………………………………..….……………………………………..
Q : ……………………………………..………………………………………...

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) P and Q involve in the process of enzyme synthesis. Explain the relation
between P and Q in this process.
P dan Q terlibat di dalam proses sintesis enzim. Terangkan hubungan
antara P dan Q di dalam proses ini.

….…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
……………………………………………………………………………….…….

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) (i) Cheek cell and onion epidermal cells are observed under light
microscope. Draw a labeled diagram of an onion epidermal cell
observed under the light microscope.

Sel pipi dan sel epidermis bawang dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya.
Lukiskan gambar rajah berlabel untuk sel epidermis bawang yang
dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

PROGRAM SEMARAK KASIH SPM 2020 JPN SARAWAK|9

(ii) State two differences in structure between a cheek cell and an onion
epidermal cell that is observed under the microscope.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur sel pipi dan sel epidermis
bawang yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop.
…………………………………………………………………………………
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(d) If structure R is removed from a cell. Explain what would happen to the
growth of the cell.
Jika struktur R dibuang daripada sel. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku
kepada tumbesaran sel.
……………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………..………
………….….………………………………………………………………………
…………………….….……………………………………………………………
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(e) Explain why meristematic cells have more organelle S compared to cheek
cells
Terangkan mengapa sel meristem mempunyai lebih banyak organel S
berbanding sel pipi.
……………………………………………………………………………..…………
………….…….………………………………………………………………………
…………….…………………………………………………………………………
…………………….….……………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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4 Diagram 4.1 shows the four levels of cell organization in human.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan empat aras sel organisasi dalam manusia.

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

(a) Name Level 1 and Level 2.
Namakan Aras 1 dan Aras 2
Level 1 : ……………………………………………………………………………
Aras1
Level 2 : …………………………………………………………………………..
Aras 2:
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) What makes Level 3 different from Level 2?
Apakah yang menjadikan Aras 3 berbeza daripada Aras 2?
……………………………………………………………………………….……..
….………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(c) Explain the importance of the system in Level 4 to human.
Terangkan kepentingan sistem dalam Aras 4 kepada manusia.
….…………………………………………………………………………………..
….………………………………………………………………………………….
………….………………………………………………………………………….
………………….………………………………………………………………….
………………………….………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………….…….
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) Diagram 4.2 shows a part of plant tissue.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada tisu tumbuhan

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

(i) Name X and Y.
Namakan X dan Y
X : ……………………………………………………………………….……
Y : ……………………………………………………………………….……
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State the function of X and Y in transportation process in a plant.
Nyatakan fungsi X dan Y dalam proses pengangkutan dalam
tumbuhan.
X : …………………………………………………………………………….
….……………………………………………………………………….…….
Y : …………………………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………...
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii) X is important for support in woody plant.
Explain how X is adapted for this function.
X penting untuk sokongan pada tumbuhan berkayu.
Terangkan bagaimana X diadaptasi untuk fungsi ini
….……………………………………………………………………….…….
….……………………………………………………………………….…….
….……………………………………………………………………….…….
….……………………………………………………………………….…….
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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5 Diagram 5.1 shows a part of cells organization in human.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada organisasi sel pada manusia

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

(a) (i) Name and state the function of cell P
Namakan dan nyatakan fungsi sel P
P : …………………………………………………………………………….
Function of cell P / Fungsi sel P:
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State how organ R is formed
Nyatakan bagaimana organ R terbentuk.
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(iii) State one function of organ R in human.

Nyatakan satu fungsi organ R kepada manusia.
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(b) Diagram 5.2 shows structure cell X and Y
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan struktur sel X dan Y

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

(i) Based on diagram 5.2, name the type of cell X.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2, namakan jenis sel X.
….……………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Explain the function of organelle Q
Terangkan fungsi organel Q
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(iii) State one similarity and two difference between cell X and cell Y.

Nyatakan satu persamaan dan dua perbezaan di antara sel X dan sel
Y.
Similarity / Persamaan
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
Difference / Perbezaan
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(iv) Diagram 5.3 shows a shoot tip.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan hujung pucuk.

Diagram 5.3
Rajah 5.3

The organelle P can be found in high density at the shoot tip in Diagram
5.3. Explain your answer.
Organel P boleh didapati dalam kepadatan yang tinggi di hujung pucuk
dalam Rajah 5.3. Terangkan jawapan anda.
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..
….……………………………………………………………………………..

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A / Bahagian A
Chapter 3 : Movement of Substances Across the Plasma Membrane
Bab 3 : Pergerakan Membran Merentas Membran Plasma
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, MPSM Pulau Pinang
1. Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2 show the movement of substances across plasma

membrane.
Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pergerakan bahan merentas membran
plasma.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

Name the parts labelled P and Q in Diagram 1.1.
Namakan bahagian yang berlabel P dan Q dalam Rajah 1.1
P:_____________________________________________________________
Q:_____________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(ii) Name the methods of movement of substances A and B through the plasma
membrane.
Namakan cara pergerakan bahan A dan B merentasi membran plasma.
Substance A / Bahan A :____________________________________________
Substance B / Bahan B :____________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii) State two differences between the methods of movement shown in Diagram 1.1
and Diagram 1.2.
Nyatakan ddauna perbezaan antara cara pergerakan bahan yang ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 1.1 Rajah 1.2.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) (i) Diagram 1.3 shows the condition of a plant cell which has been immersed in
distilled water for an hour.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan yang telah direndam di dalam
air suling selama satu jam.

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

The plant cell is taken out of the distilled water and immersed in concentrated salt
solution for another hour.
Draw the condition of the plant cell after one hour in the space given.
Sel tumbuhan itu dikeluarkan daripada air suling dan direndam di dalam larutan
garam berkepekatan tinggi selama satu jam berikutnya.
Lukis keadaan sel tumbuhan tersebut selepas satu jam pada ruang yang
disediakan.

Biologi Kertas 2

P R O G R A M S E M A R A K K A S I H S P M 2 0 2 0 J P N S A R A W A K | 25

(ii) Explain your answer in (b) (i) [2 marks]
Jelaskan jawapan anda dalam (b) (i). [2 markah]

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2[2mmarakrakhs]]

(c) Diagram 1.4 shows an area polluted with toxic wastes.
Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan kawasan yang tercemar dengan sisa toksik.

Biologi Kertas 2

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Diagram 1.4
Rajah 1.4

Explain how the toxic wastes affect the uptake of ions in the plants.
Terangkan bagaimana sisa toksik mempengaruhi pengambilan ion dalam
tumbuhan.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
Biologi kertas 2, Modul Perkembangan Pembelajaran SPM 2019 , Terengganu
2. Diagram 2.1 shows graph of changing in mass of potato strip label P, Q and R
against different concentration of sucrose.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan graf perubahan jisim jalur ubi kentang berlabel P Q dan R
melawan kepekatan sukrosa yang berbeza.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

Based on the graph,
Berdasarkan graf,
(a) State the type of solution that being used to immerse potato strip P, Q and R

Biologi Kertas 2

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Nyatakan jenis larutan yang digunakan untuk merendamkan jalur kentang P, Q
dan R.
P :______________________________________________________________
Q :______________________________________________________________
R :______________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(b) Explain why mass of potato strip at Q do not change.
Terangkan mengapakah jisim jalur kentang pada Q tidak berubah.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(c) Diagram 2.2 shows the condition of a plant and its cell in different situation X, Y
and Z.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keadaan tumbuhan dan selnya dalam situasi yang
berlainan.

Biologi Kertas 2

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Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) On Diagram 2.2, draw the condition of plant cell in situation Z.
Pada Rajah 2.2, lukis keadaan sel tumbuhan pada situasi Z.
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Name the process that occurs from situation Y to situation Z. Explain your answer.
Namakan proses yang berlaku daripada situasi Y kepada situasi Z. Terangkan
jawapan anda.
Process: ________________________________________________________
Proses
Explanation:______________________________________________________
Penerangan
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii) State two importance of situation X and Z to the herbaceous plant.
Nyatakan dua kepentingan situasi X dan Z pada tumbuhan herba.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(d) Several duck eggs are immersed in salt solution for two weeks. Suggest why the
eggs are still rotten?
Beberapa telur itik telah direndam dalam larutan garam selama dua minggu.
Mengapa telur itu masih busuk?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2018, MPSM Negeri Sembilan
3. Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 show two different types of movement of substances
across the plasma membrane.
Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan dua jenis pergerakan yang berbeza bagi
bahan merentasi membrane plasma.

Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1

Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2
(a) On Diagram 3.1, label the following structures :

Pada Rajah 3.1, label struktur-struktur berikut:
• Carrier protein, with letter P.
Protein pembawa, dengan huruf P.
• Phospholipid bilayer, with letter Q.
Dwilapisan fosfolipid, dengan huruf Q.

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) (i) [2 marks]
[2 markah]
Name the process of movement of substances across the plasma membrane
shown in Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2.
Namakan proses pergerakan bahan merentasi membran plasma yang ditunjukkan
pada Rajah 3.1 dan Rajah 3.2.
Diagram 3.1 / Rajah 3.1
________________________________________________________________
Diagram 3.2 / Rajah 3.2
________________________________________________________________
[ 2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Explain how amino acid molecules are transported across the plasma membrane
by the process shown in Diagram 3.1.
Terangkan bagaimana molekul asid amino diangkut merentasi membran plasma
melalui proses yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 3.1.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) Based on Diagram 3.2, state one example of a substance that moves across the
plasma membrane and its characteristic.
BmeermdabsraanrkpalnasRmaajadhan3.c2i,rinbyaahtaaknatnersseabtuutc. ontoh bahan yang bergerak merentas
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) Diagram 3.3 shows a method of preserving chilli.

Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan satu kaedah pengawetan cili.

Diagram 3.3/ Rajah 3.3
(i) Draw and label the condition of the chili cell after two hours.

Lukis dan label keadaan sel cili selepas dua jam.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Based on your drawing in (d)(i), explain how this happened.
Berdasarkan lukisan anda di (d)(i), terangkan bagaimana ini berlaku.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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4. Diagram 4.1 shows the condition of a plant cell that has been immersed in solution

A for 30 minutes. Diagram 4.2 shows the condition of the plant cell after being
immersed in solution B for 60 minutes.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan keadaan satu sel tumbuhan yang direndam dalam larutan
A selama 30 minit. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan keadaan sel tumbuhan selepas
direndam dalam larutan B selama 60 minit.

Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1 Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2

(a) (i) State the movement of substances across the plasma membrane as shown in
Diagram 4.1 and Diagram 4.2.
Nyatakan pergerakan bahan merentas membran plasma seperti yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 4.1 dan Rajah 4.2.
________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Define the movement of substances that mentioned in (a)(i).
Berikan definisi pergerakan bahan yang dinyatakan di (a)(i).
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(iii) State the types of solutions A and B when compared to the cell sap of the plant.
Nyatakan jenis larutan A dan B apabila dibandingkan dengan sap sel tumbuhan.
Solution A:________________________________________________________
Larutan A

Solution B:________________________________________________________
Larutan B

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Explain process that occurs to the plant cells as shown in:
Terangkan proses yang berlaku pada sel tumbuhan yang ditunjukkan pada
Diagram 4.1 / Rajah 4.1 :

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Diagram 4.2 / Rajah 4.2 :

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 4.3 shows the conditions of red blood cells in different solutions.

Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah dalam larutan yang berlainan.

Diagram 4.3 / Diagram 4.3
State and explain the process that occurs in Diagram 4.3 (iv).
Nyatakan dan terangkan proses yang berlaku di Rajah 4.3 (iv).
Process / Proses :_________________________________________________
Explain :_________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(d) Based on the Diagram 4.3, which concentration is the concentration of human
blood? Explain your answer.
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, manakah kepekatan ialah kepekatan darah manusia?
Terangkan jawapan anda.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

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[2 markah]

Section B
Bahagian B
Biologi Kertas 2, Modul Ulangkaji Berfokus SPM 2020 Johor.

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the structure of plasma membrane. The plasma membrane is
said to be selective permeable.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan membran plasma. Membrane plasma dikatakan bersifat
ketelapan memilih.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on the plasma membrane structure, explain the meaning of
“selective permeable”.
Berdasarkan struktur membran plasma, terangkan maksub ”ketelapan
memilih”.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows a bottle of pickled cucumber.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sebotol jeruk timun.

Cucumber
Timun

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

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Explain how natural preservation can preserve the cucumber for a long
period of time.
Terangkan kaedah pengawetan semulajadi supaya makanan itu dapat
disimpan bagi tempoh masa yang lebih lama.

[6 marks]
[6 markah]

(c) Diagram 1.3 shows leeches which is an ectoparasitic organism which feed
on animal’s blood.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan beberapa ekor lintah iaitu organism ektoparasit di
mana menghisap darah haiwan.
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

Explain how table salt is used to remove leeches from the human skin or to
kill the leeches.
Terangkan bagaimana garam boleh digunakan untuk memisahkan lintah
daripada kulit manusia atau membunuh lintah.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(d) A student carried out an experiment to determine the concentration of an
external solution which is isotonic to the cell sap. The student immersed the
potato strips in a different concentration of sugar solution in 30 minutes
time. Diagram 1.4 shows the graph plotted to show the change in mass
against concentration of sugar solution.
Seorang murid menjalankan eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan
larutan isotonic terhadap sap sel. Murid tersebut merendamkan jalur

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kentang di dalam larutan gula yang mempunyai kepekatan yang berbeza
selama 30 minit.
Rajah 1.4 menunjukkan graf yang diplot untuk menunjukkan perubahan
dalam jisim melawan kepekatan larutan gula.

Diagram 1.4
Rajah 1.4

Explain what happen to the cell at point Q and R.
Terangkan apa yang berlaku terhadap sel di titik Q dan R.

[6 marks]
[6 markah

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Section A
Bahagian A
Chapter 4 : Chemical Composition of the Cell
Bab 4 : Komposisi Kimia Dalam Sel
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, JPN Negeri Sembilan
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the different levels of organisation in protein structure.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan aras organisasi berlainan di dalam struktur protein

Structure X Structure Y Structure Z
Struktur X Struktur Y Struktur Z

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 1.1, name the level of organisation in the protein
structure of X and Z.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, namakan aras organisasi di dalam struktur
protein X dan Z.

X: _____________________________________________

Y: _____________________________________________
[2 mark]

[2 markah]

(ii) Explain the level of organisation of protein which forms the enzyme.
Terangkan aras organisasi bagi struktur protein yang membentuk
enzim.

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
[2 mark]

[2 markah]

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(b) Diagram 1.2 shows the organelles involved during the synthesis of an
extracellular enzyme.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan organel- organel yang yang terlibat semasa
sintess enzim luar sel.

Secretory vesicle
Vesikel rembesan

Golgi apparatus Transport
Jasad Golgi vesicle
Vesikel
Nucleus angkutan
Nukleus
Ribosom
Ribosom

Rough
endoplasmic
reticulum
Jalinan
endoplasma
kasar

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Explain the formation of extracellular enzyme.
Terangkan pembentukan enzim luar sel

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________
[3 mark]

[3 markah]

(ii) Give one example of the extracellular enzyme in human digestive
system. State the function of the enzyme.
Berikan satu contoh enzim luar sel di dalam sistem pencernaan
manusia. Nyatakan fungsi enzim tersebut.

___________________________________________________

___________________________________________________

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___________________________________________________
[2 mark]

[2 markah]

(c) Diagram 1.3 shows a gene mutation that occurs in the DNA strand
containing the base sequence CTC.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan mutasi gen yang berlaku pada rantai DNA
mengandungi urutan bes CTC.

Before mutation After mutation
Sebelum mutasi Selepas mutasi

DNA strand
Rantai DNA

Amino acid
determined
Asid amino
yang ditentukan

Synthesized
protein
Protein yang
disintesiskan

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

Based on Diagram 1.3, discuss how the mutation affects the formation of
the enzyme.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.3, bincangkan bagaimana mutasi ini memberi kesan
terhadap pembentukan enzim.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
[3 mark]

[3 markah]

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Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, SBP Malaysia

2. Diagram 2.1 shows two types of food, J and K
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan dua jenis makanan, J dan K.

JK
Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the class food for J and K.
Namakan kelas makanan J dan K
J : _________________________________________
K : __________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) What is the main function of food J in human body?
Apakah fungsi utama makanan J dalam badan manusia?
_______________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(iii) Explain the effect if an infant does not drink enough K.
Terangkan kesan sekiranya seorang bayi tidak minum K dengan
secukupnya.
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the breakdown of maltose that occurs in the ileum.

Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan pemecahan maltosa yang berlaku di dalam ileum.
Enzyme X
Enzim X

Maltose Two molecules of N
Maltosa Dua molekul N
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) Name enzyme X and molecule N.
Namakan enzim X dan molekul N.

Enzyme X: ____________________________________
Enzim X

Molecule N: ____________________________________
Molekul N [2 marks]

[2 markah]

(ii) Explain the chemical reaction shown in Diagram 2.2
Terangkan tindakbalas kimia yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.2

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

(iii) State the effect to the chemical reaction if enzyme M is not used.
Nyatakan kesan ke atas tindakbalas kimia jika enzim M tidak
digunakan.

_______________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

1. (a) Water is an important inorganic compound. Explain the importance of
water in cells.
Air merupakan sebatian inorganik yang penting. Terangkan kepentingan
air di dalam sel.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

(b) (i) Explain the structure of nucleic acid.
Huraikan struktur asid nukleik.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State the importances of nucleic acid in cells.
Nyatakan kepentingan asid nukleik di dalam sel.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) (i) Explain the effect of mercury in biochemical reactions catalysed by
enzymes.
Terangkan kesan merkuri ke atas tindakbalas biokimia yang
dimangkinkan oleh enzim.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Enzymes are widely used in everyday life.
Enzim digunakan secara meluas dalam kehidupan
seharian.

(ii) Based on the statement above, discuss the uses if enzymes in food
industries.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, bincangkan kegunaan enzim dalam
industri makanan.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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Chapter 5 : Cell Division Section A
Bab 5 : Pembahagian Sel Bahagian A

‘Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020, JPN Perak’

1 Meiosis is divided into two stages of cell division, which are meiosis I and meiosis
II. Diagram 1.1 shows part of the stages of meiosis in an animal cell.
Meiosis dibahagikan kepada dua peringkat pembahagian sel iaitu meiosis I dan
meiosis II. Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada peringkat meiosis dalam
sel haiwan.

Process R
Proses R

Structure S
Struktur S

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Name process R and structure S.
Namakan proses R dan struktur S
Process R/ Proses R
____________________________________________________________

Structure S/ Struktur S
____________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Explain the importance of process S.
Terangkan kepentingan proses S.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 1.2 shows a phase in meiosis.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan satu fasa dalam meiosis

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Name the phase of meiosis shown in diagram 1.2. Describe the chromosomal
behaviour during this phase.
Namakan fasa meiosis yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 1.2. Jelaskan perlakuan
kromosom semasa fasa ini.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Explain the effect on the number of chromosome if structure X malfunctions.
Huraikan kesan kepada bilangan kromosom sekiranya struktur X tidak berfungsi
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(d) Diagram 1.3 shows the development of cancer in a patient.
The cancer cells will spread and destroy normal cells around them. Cancer
that is not identified at an early stage can cause damage to the organs and
finally death.
Rajah 1.3 menunjukkan perkembangan kanser dalam seorang pesakit.
Sel kanser akan merebak dan memusnahkan sel-sel normal di sekitarnya.
Kanser yang tidak dikesan pada peringkat awal akan menyebabkan
kerosakan organ dan akhirnya membawa maut.

Diagram 1.3
Rajah 1.3

Cancer cells are formed after normal cells are exposed to mutagens.
Sel kanser terbentuk apabila sel normal terdedah kepada mutagen.
(i) By using suitable example, describe how mutagen causes the formation of

cancer cells.
Dengan menggunakan contoh yang sesuai, huraikan bagaimana mutagen
menyebabkan pembentukan sel kanser.
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(ii) Explain how radiotherapy method is able to control or stop the growth of cancer
cells.
Terangkan bagaimana kaedah radioterapi dapat mengawal atau menghentikan
pertumbuhan sel kanser
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

‘Biologi Kertas 2, Modul Berfokus Biologi Set B 2020, MPSM Johor’
2. Diagram 2.1 shows three stages of cell division, P, Q and R, in an animal cell.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan tiga peringkat pembahagian sel; P, Q dan R, dalam sel
haiwan.
.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Based on Diagram 2.1, name the type of cell division.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.1, namakan jenis pembahagian sel
________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah

(ii) Name the stages P, Q and R in the spaces provided in Diagram 2.1
Namakan peringkat P, Q dan R dalam ruang yang disediakan dalam
Rajah 2.1.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(iii) State the chromosome behavior at the following stages.
Nyatakan perlakuan kromosom pada peringkat berikut:

Stage P :
Peringkat P :

________________________________________________________

Stage R :
Peringkat R :

________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]
(b) Explain how cell division in (a) (i) can be applied to increase the

production of the orchid plants in a short time.
Terangkan bagaimana pembahagian sel di (a) (i) boleh digunakan untuk
meningkatkan penghasilan pokok orkid dalam tempoh masa yang
singkat.
_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]

[3 markah]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows normal cells develop to become cancerous cells.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sel-sel yang normal berkembang menjadi sel-
sel kanser.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

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Explain the formation of cancerous cell.
Terangkan pembentukan sel-sel kanser.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
‘Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, JPN Negeri Sembilan’
3. Diagram 3.1 shows cell X and cell Y undergo two different types of cell division.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sel X dan sel Y mengalami dua jenis pembahagian sel
yang berbeza
P

Q

Cell X / Sel X Cell Y / Sel Y

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) (i) Name the structures labelled P and Q.
Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q.

P: ______________________________________________________

Q: ______________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]
(ii) State one function of P.

Nyatakan satu fungsi P.

________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

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(iii) State the importance of cell division in X and Y.
Nyatakan kepentingan pembahagian sel dalam X dan Y.

X: ______________________________________________________

Y: _____________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) (i) Based on Diagram 3.1, state two differences in cell division between
Cell X and Cell Y.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3.1, nyatakan dua perbezaan dalam
pembahagian sel antara sel X dan sel Y.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(ii) Cell Y has been exposed to gamma rays which results in the failure of
formation of spindle fibre.
Sel Y telah terdedah kepada sinar gama yang menyebabkan
kegagalan penghasilan gentian gelendung.

Explain the effect to the formation of daughter cells of cell Y.
Terangkan kesan kepada pembentukan sel anak dari sel Y.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) Diagram 3.2 shows the growth of a lizard’s tail after being cut off.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan pertumbuhan ekor cicak setelah terputus.

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

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Explain the process above.
Terangkan proses di atas.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

‘Biologi Kertas 2, Modul PPD Pasir Gudang 2016’.

4. Diagram 4 shows nucleus of a parent cell and the nuclei of the daughter cells
after a cell division.
Rajah 4 menunjukkan satu nukleus sel induk dan dua nukleus sel-sel anak
selepas pembahagian sel.

Parent cell
Sel induk

Cell division
Pembahagian sel

Daughter cells
Sel-sel anak

Diagram 4
Rajah 4

(a) Based on Diagram 4,
Berdasarkan Rajah 4,

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(i) State the type of cell division.
Nyatakan jenis pembahagian sel yang ditunjukkan.

_____________________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Give two reasons for your answer in (a)(i).
Berikan dua alasan bagi jawapan anda (a)(i).

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(b) Explain the importance of the process to the living organism.
Terangkan kepentingan proses tersebut terhadap organism hidup.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks] [2 markah]
(c) (i) For a plant cell where 2n=4, draw the cell in the box below to show the
chromosomal behaviour during the stage of Metaphase I in meiosis.
Untuk satu sel tumbuhan yang mempunyai 2n=4, lukis sel tersebut dalam
kotak di bawah untuk menunjukkan perlakuan kromosom dalam
peringkat Metafasa 1 dalam meiosis.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(i) Explain the events during Metaphase I which contribute to variation in
organisms.
Terangkan kejadian semasa Metafasa I yang menyumbang kepada
variasi dalam organisma.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(d) Name two chemical substances which can cause cancer.
i. ______________________________
ii. ______________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(e) Uncontrolled meiosis leads to production of gametes with an abnormal
number of chromosomes. Name one disease caused by uncontrolled
meiosis.
Meiosis tidak terkawal mengakibatkan penghasilan gamet dengan bilangan
kromosom yang tidak normal. Namakan satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh
pembahagian meiosis yang tidak terkawal.
______________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

‘Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, JPN Pulau Pinang’

1. The concept of mitosis has been used in research to produce a better
quality and quantity of agricultural products.

Konsep mitosis telah banyak digunakan di dalam penyelidikan untuk
menghasilkan produk yang lebih berkualiti dan dalam kuantiti yang
banyak.

(a)(i) A group of researchers are keen to develop a cosmetics industry based on
a wild orchid species rarely found.
Based on the above information, name the technique which can be used by
the researchers to gain lots of raw material of the orchid plants.
Sekumpulan penyelidik berminat untuk memperkembangkan industri
kosmetik berasaskan satu spesis orkid yang jarang dijumpai.
Berdasarkan maklumat di atas, namakan teknik yang boleh di gunakan oleh
penyelidik tersebut untuk mendapatkan lebih banyak bahan mentah
tumbuhan orkid berkenaan.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Outline the processes involved in generating the orchid plants that you
mention in (a)(i)
Huraikan proses yang terlibat dalam penghasilan pokok orkid seperti yang
dikenalpasti di (a)(i)
[8 marks]
[8 markah]

(b) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the application in the
agriculture sector.
Bincangkan kelebihan dan kekurangan aplikasi teknik berkenaan dalam
sektor pertanian
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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‘Biologi Kertas 2, OTI 2008 Set 2, JPN Terengganu’

2. (a) “Dolly” the sheep was the first vertebrate cloned from the cell of an adult
. animal in 1997. That was a remarkable scientific breakthrough and it
gained interest and concern from around the world on the of cloning and
how it would affect humans.

“Dolly” si biri-biri merupakan haiwan vertebrata pertama yang diklon
daripada sel haiwan dewasa pada tahun 1997. Ia merupakan satu
penemuan saintifik yang amat bermakna dan telah menimbulkan minat
dan perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak di seluruh dunia terhadap
pengklonan dan bagaimana ia memberi kesan ke atas manusia.

i) Based on the statement above, explain the principles used in the cloning
technique.
Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan prinsip-prinsip yang digunakan
dalam teknik pengklonan.
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

ii) State the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.
Nyatakan kebaikan dan keburukan teknik tersebut

[7 marks]
[7 markah]

(b) Describe how cytokinesis occurs in plant and animal cells to produce two
daughter cells.
Terangkan bagaimana sitokinesis berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan dan sel
haiwan untuk menghasilkan dua sel anak.
[10 marks]
[10 markah]

END OF QUESTIONS
KERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

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Section A
Bahagian A

Chapter 6 : Nutrition
Bab 6 : Nutrisi

1. Diagram 1.1 shows the human digestive system.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia.

J

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, name the structures labeled J and L.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, namakan struktur berlabel J dan L.
J: _____________________________________________________________
L: _____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) (i) Explain the function of fluid released by J during food digestion.
Terangkan fungsi cecair yang dibebaskan oleh J semasa pencernaan
makanan.
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(ii) Name the class of food being digested in K.

Namakan kelas makanan yang dicernakan di K.
___________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
[1 markah]
(iii) Explain the digestion of the class of food which is named in 1(b)(ii) in K .
Terangkan pencernaan kelas makanan yang dinamakan dalam 1(b)(ii) di
K.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) Diagram 1.2 shows the transport of glucose in the liver and body cells.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pengangkutan glukosa dalam sel hati dan badan.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Based on Diagram 1.2, state the process involved.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, nyatakan proses yang terlibat.
___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

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(ii) An athlete started practicing for his cycling tour event. He cycles 40 km per
day. Explain what happen in his liver when the body of the athlete requires
energy.
Seorang atlet mula berlatih untuk acara berbasikalnya. Dia mengayuh
basikal sejauh 40 km setiap hari. Terangkan apa yang berlaku di hati
apabila badan atlet itu memerlukan tenaga.
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[3 marks]
[3 markah]

2. Diagram 2 shows the part of digestive system of goat.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan bahagian sistem pencernaan bagi kambing.

Omasum
Omasum P

Rumen
Rumen

Q

Diagram 2
Rajah 2

(a) (i) Mark (√) for the types of digestive system of a goat.
Tandakan (√) bagi jenis sistem pencernaan seekor kambing.

Rodent
Rodensia
Ruminant
Ruminan

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2