Modul Semarak Kasih - Biology Kertas 2 (Soalan)

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(c) The following statement is related to the health problems faced by Mr K.
Penyataan berikut adalah berkaitan dengan masalah kesihatan yang
dihadapi oleh Mr K.

 Gender: Male / Jantina: Lelaki
 Occupation: Gardener / Pekerjaan: Pekebun
 Age : 37 years old / Umur : 37 tahun
 Health condition :

Showing early symptoms of Musculoskeletal
Disease (MSD)
Keadaan kesihatan :
Menunjukkan symptom awal penyakit
tulang , sendi dan otot (MSD)

Musculoskeletal disease / Penyakit tulang, sendi dan otot
Musculoskeletal disease (MSD) consist of minor physical disability that affects
muscles, bones and joints. The risk of developing MSD increases with age.
Symptoms of MSD include:
 Muscle pain in the wrists, knees, shoulders and back
 Swollen joints
Preventive measures can be taken to prevent MSD. Lifestyle changes habits
and taking a proper diet can help make bones, muscles and joints stronger.
Penyakit tulang, sendi dan otot (MSD) adalah ketidakupayaan fizikal yang
mempengaruhi otot, tulang dan sendi. Risiko untuk menghidap MSD
meningkat dengan peningkatan umur. Simptom-simptom MSD termasuk:
 Sakit otot di pergelangan, lutut, bahu dan belakang
 Sendi bengkak
Langkah pencegahan boleh diambil untuk mengelakkan MSD. Perubahan
gaya hidup dan mengambil diet yang sesuai boleh membantu menjadikan
tulang, otot dan sendi lebih kuat.

Based on the above statements and your biological knowledge, suggest
various ways that you can advise Mr K to improve his health condition.
Berdasarkan pernyataan-pernyataan di atas dan pengetahuan Biologi anda,
cadangkan beberapa cara yang boleh diberikan kepada Encik K untuk
meningkatkan keadaan kesihatannya.

[ 10 marks / 10 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A
Bahagian A

Chapter 12 : Coordination and Response
Bab 12 : Koordinasi dan Gerak Balas
SBP 2016 (Kertas Percubaan)
1 Diagram 1.1 shows a reflex arc in human.

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan arka reflex pada manusia.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Name the nerve cells R and S.
Namakan sel-sel saraf R dan S.

R:…………………………………..…..........................................................
S:……………………………………..………………….................................

[2 marks/markah]
(ii) State the differences in the structure and function between nerve

cells R and S.
Nyatakan perbezaan dari segi struktur dan fungsi antara sel-sel
saraf Rdan S.
Structure/Struktur
……………………...……………………………………………………..

Biologi Kertas 2

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Function/Fungsi
..………..…...…………………………………………………………….

[2 marks/markah]

(b) (i) Explain the meaning of reflex action.
Terangkan maksud tindakan reflex.

……………………………………………………………………………
…..……………………………………………………………..…………
………………………………………………………………..………….

[2 marks/markah]

(ii) A man involved in an accident, his ventral root at X was injured.
Explain how the injury affects his action when he accidentally

pricked by a sharp pin.

Seorang lelaki terbabit dalam satu kemalangan dan akar ventral
pada X tercedera. Terangkan bagaimana kecederaan ini
mempengaruhi tindakannya apabila secara tidak sengaja tercucuk
jarum tajam.

…………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………..………………
………………………………………………………………..……………
…………………………………………………………………..…………

[2 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 1.2 shows a junction between two neurons.

Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pertemuan antara dua neuron.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

Explain the transmission of nerve information across the synaptic gap.
Terangkan pemindahan maklumat saraf merentasi celah sinaps itu.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………
……………………………………………………………………..……………
……………………………………………………………………..……………

[2 marks/markah]
(d) What organelles are abundant in nerve cells? Explain why.

Apakah organel yang terdapat dengan banyak di dalam sel saraf?
Terangkan mengapa.
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..
………………..…………………………………………………………………………..
…………………..………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………..……………………..

[2 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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SBP 2019 (kertas Percubaan)
2 Diagram 2.1 shows the transmission of nerve impules of reflex action.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan penghantaran impuls saraf bagi satu tindakan
reflex.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) Name neurons S and T.
Namakan neuron S dan neuron T.
S …………………...…………………………………………………………...
T …………………...……………………………………………………………
[2 marks/markah]

(b) State the differences between neurons S and T in terms of the following
aspects.
Nyatakan perbezaan antara neuron S dan neuron T dari aspek berikut:
Structure:……………………………………………………………………….
.
Struktur:………………………………………………………………………...
Function:………………………………………………………………………..
.
Fungsi:………………………………………………………………………….
[2 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Explain the reflex action shown in Diagram 2.1.
Terangkan tindakan reflex yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 2.1.
……………………………………………………………………..……………
………………..…………………………………………………………………
…………………..………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..……………
[3 marks/markah]

(d) Diagram 2.2 shows the negative feedback mechanisms in the
regulation of body temperature.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan mekanisme suap balik negatif dalam
pengawalaturan suhu badan.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) Based on Diagram 2.2, explain the meaning of homeostasis.
Berdasarkan Rajah 2.2, terangkan maksud homeostasis.
……………………………………………………………………..………
………………..……………………………………………………………
…………………..…………………………………………………………
[2 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(ii) Diagram 2.3 shows a man in the autumn season.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan seorang lelaki pada musim luruh.

Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3

Explain the response of his blood vessels during the regulation of

the body temperature. darahnya semasa
Terangkan gerak balas salur-salur
pengawalaturan suhu badannya.

……………………………………………………………………..………
………………..……………………………………………………………
…………………..…………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………..………

[3 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section B
Bahagian B
Percubaan Kelantan Kertas 2, 2020
1 (a) Diagram 6.1 show banana in two different situations, situation X and Y.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan pisang dalam dua situasi yang berbeza, situasi X
dan Y.

Diagram 6.1
Rajah 6.1

Biologi Kertas 2

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(i) Based on Diagram 6.1, which situation banana will ripe first?
Explain why.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.1, pisang dalam situasi manakah yang akan
masak terlebih dahulu?
Terangkan mengapa.
[5 marks]
[5 markah]

(ii) Bananas have been genetically modified through genetic engineering
and are known as genetically modified organism (GMO).
Give advantages and disadvantages of GMO bananas.
Pisang telah diubahsuai secara genetik melalui kejuruteraan genetik
dan dikenali sebagai organisma yang diubahsuai genetik (GMO).
Berikan kebaikan dan keburukan pisang GMO.
[7 marks]
[7 markah]

(b) Diagram 6.2 shows the seedlings placed with the tip of shoot and root
horizontally in the dark.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan anak benih diletakkan dengan hujung pucuk dan
hujung akarnya secara mengufuk dalam gelap.

Diagram 6.2
Rajah 6.2

Give similarities and differences of tip of shoot and root responses to
gravity.
Berikan persamaan dan perbezaan gerak balas hujung pucuk dan hujung
akar terhadap graviti.

[8 marks]
[8 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A
Bahagian A
Chapter 13 : Reproduction and Growth
Bab 13 : Pembiakan dan Pertumbahan

Modul PPD Pasir Gudang 2016

1. Diagram 1 shows the structure of plant reproduction organ.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur organ pembiakan tumbuhan.

Diagram 1 [2 marks]
Rajah 1
(a) Based on the Diagram 1, name the structures labeled.
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 1, namakan struktur yang berlabel.
A: …………………………………………………………………..
B: …………………………………………………………………..
C: …………………………………………………………………..

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) (i) Explain the function of structure A.
Terangkan fungsi struktur A.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]
(ii) Explain the process occur when the structure A reaches the structure B.

Terangkan proses yang berlaku apabila struktur A sampai ke struktur B.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………..

[3 marks]
(c) Explain how the development of fruits and seeds after process in (b)(ii) occur.

Terangkan bagaimana perkembangan biji dan buah selepas proses dalam
(b)(ii) berlaku.
……………………………………………………………………………………....
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]
(d) Suggest how to prevent the germination of structure A.

Cadangkan bagaimana menghalang percambahan struktur A.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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SMK Seri Intan, Kluang Johor.

2. Diagram 2.1 shows processes in the formation of cell Z.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan proses pembentukan sel Z.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) State the number of chromosomes in cell X and cell Y.
Nyatakan bilangan kromosom dalam sel X dan sel Y.

X : ______________________________

Y : ______________________________

[2 marks]

(ii) Explain what causes the difference in chromosome number between cell X
and cell Y.
Jelaskan apa yang menyebabkan perbezaan bilangan kromosom antara
sel X dan sel Y.
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(iii) Name the process of the formation of cell Z.
Namakan proses pembentukan sel Z.
____________________________________________________
[1 marks]

(b) Diagram 2.2 shows the cross-section of an ovary.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan keratan rentas ovari.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

Name the structures labelled P, Q, R and S.
Namakan struktur yang berlabel P, Q, R dan S.

P : ___________________________________
Q : ___________________________________
R : ___________________________________
S : ___________________________________

[4 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 2.3 shows the stages of oogenesis in humans.

Rajah 2.3 menunjukkan peringkat-peringkat oogenesis pada manusia.

Diagram 2.3
Rajah 2.3

Name the processes that occur in M, N and O.
Namakan proses yang berlaku di M, N dan O.

M : __________________________________________
N : __________________________________________
O : __________________________________________

[3 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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SMK Seri Intan, Kluang Johor.

3. Diagram 3 shows two types of twins.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan dua jenis anak kembar.

Diagram 3
Rajah 3

(a) (i) Name the types of twins X and twins Y.
Namakan jenis kembar X dan kembar Y.

X : ________________________________________

Y : ________________________________________ [2 marks]
(ii) Explain how twins Y are formed

Jelaskan bagaimana kembar Y terbentuk.

___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) State two functions of placenta.
Nyatakan dua fungsi plasenta.

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(c) State two differences between twins X and twins Y.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara kembar X dan kembar Y.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(d) Explain why twins X that are brought up by two different adopted families do
not have the same body size when they are adult.
Jelaskan mengapa kembar X yang dibesarkan oleh dua keluarga angkat
yang berbeza tidak serupa badan size apabila dewasa.

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

(e) Give two reasons why a woman who is pregnant should not smoke.
Berikan dua sebab mengapa seorang perempuan yang disahkan hamil tidak
patut merokok

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section B
Bahagian B

MRSM 2018

1. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows a human foetus in his mother’s uterus.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan fetus manusia di dalam uterus ibunya.

Diagram 4.1 [4 marks]
Rajah 4.1
Explain the function of fluid X.
Terangkan fungsi cecairl X.

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) Diagram 4.2 shows three healthy practices for pregnant woman.

Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan tiga amalan sihat bagi wanita hamil.

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Explain the effects on the development of foetus if these healthy practices
are not followed.
Terangkan kesan kepada perkembangan fetus jika amalan kesihatan
tersebut tidak diikuti.

[6 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 4.3 shows a female hormonal level and its relationship with ovary

and uterus changes during menstrual cycle.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan aras hormone perempuan dan perhubungannya
terhadap perubahan pada ovari dan uterus semasa kitar haid.

Diagram 4.3
Rajah 4.3

Based on Diagram 4.3, explain the relationship between the hormonal level with
the following processes :
Berdasarkan Rajah 4.3, terangkan hubungkait di antara aras hormone dengan
proses-proses berikut :

• Development of follicles
Perkembangan folikel

• Ovulation
Ovulasi

• Development of corpus luteum
Perkembangan korpus luteum.
[10 marks]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Chapter 14 : Inheritence Section A
Bab 14 : Pewarisan Bahagian A

Biologi Kertas 2,Percubaan SPM 2020, JPN Perak.

1. Diagram 5.1 shows the inheritance of two comb shapes in chicken. The
diagram shows the cross between a heterozygous Walnut comb chicken

with a homozygous Pea comb chicken. Walnut comb is dominant.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan pewarisan dua bentuk balung pada ayam. Rajah
menunjukkan kacukan antara ayam balung Walnut yang heterozigot dengan
ayam balung Pea yang homozigot. Balung Walnut adalah dominan.

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5,1

Comb shape is controlled by a pair of allele. Table 2 shows the alleles
involved.
Bentuk balung dikawal oleh sepasang alel. Jadual 2 menunjukkan alel yang
terlibat.

B : Dominant allele/ Alel dominan
b : Recessive allele/ Alel resesif

(a) Write the genotypes of the following chicken. [2 marks/markah]
Tuliskan genotip bagi ayam berikut.
S : ……………………...……………..
U : ..………..…...…………………...

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) (i) Draw a schematic diagram to show the trait of offspring produced
if S and V are crossed.
Lukis rajah skema untuk menunjukkan trait anak yang terhasil jika
S dan V dikacukkan.

[4 marks/markah]
(ii) State the phenotypic ratio from the schematic diagram in (b)(i).

Nyatakan nisbah fenotip berdasarkan rajah skema kacukan (b)(i).
…………………………………………………………………………………...

[1 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) (iii) Explain how traits among offspring in (b)(ii) can be produced.
Terangkan bagaimana trait dikalangan anak dalam (b)(ii) dapat
dihasilkan.

……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks/markah]

(c) Explain how we are able to obtain chicken with pea comb if both of the
parents are walnut comb.
Terangkan bagaimana kita boleh memperolehi ayam balung Pea jika
kedua-dua induknya ialah balung Walnut.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………........

[3 marks/markah]
Biologi kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020 JPN Johor.

2 Diagram 4 shows the inheritance of human blood group between Encik Ahmad and
his wife, Puan Ana.
Rajah 4 di bawah menunjukkan pewarisan kumpulan darah manusia antara Encik
Ahmad dan isterinya Puan Ana.

Parents: Encik Ahmad X Puan Ana
Induk: Homozygous B Heterozygous A
Homozigot B Heterozigot A

Offspring/ Anak Blood group AB Blood group B
Phenotype: Kump darah AB Kump darah B

Genotype:
Genotip:

Diagram 4/Diagram 4
(a) State the genotype of offsprings in the boxes provided.

Nyatakan genotip bagi anak-anak dalam kotak yang disediakan.
[ 2 marks/markah ]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) Explain the phenotypic ratio of the offsprings.
Terangkan nisbah fenotip anak-anak.
………………………………………………………………………………................
………………………………………………………………………………................
[2 marks/markah]

(c) (i) State which blood group of offspring could be a Universal recipient.
Nyatakan kumpulan darah anak yang manakah akan menjadi penerima
universal
……………………………………………………………………………….......
[1 marks/markah]

(ii) Explain your answers in (c)
Terangkan jawapan anda. Di (c)(i)
……………………………………………………………………………….......
……………………………………………………………………………….......

[2 marks/markah]
(d) Puan Ana is pregnant for the second time. She is Rhesus negative. The

foetus that she is carrying is a Rhesus positive.
Puan Ana mengandung buat kali kedua.Dia mempunyai Rhesus negative.
Fetus yang dikandungnya ialah Rhesus positif
(i) Explain the problems that will arise.

Terangkan masalah-masalah yang akan timbul.

……………………………………………………………………………….......
……………………………………………………………………………….......
……………………………………………………………………………….......
...................................................................................................................

[4 marks/markah]
(ii) Suggest one prevention that can be taken.

Cadangkan satu pencegahan yang boleh diambil.
……………………………………………………………………………….......

[1 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2018, JPN Terengganu dan SPM 2018.

3 Diagram 5.1 shows a dyhibrid cross between pure breeding rabbit R and S.
Phenotype for rabbit is black fur, red eyes while phenotype for rabbit S is white fur,
black eyes.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan kacukan dihibrid baka tulen antara arnab R dan S. Fenotip
untuk arnab R ialah bulu hitam,mata merah manakala fenotip untuk arnab S ialah
bulu putih, mata hitam.

Key:
Kekunci :
Allele B for black fur and R for red eyes are dominant allele.
Alel B untuk bulu hitam dan R untuk mata merah adalah alel dominan.

Rabbit R X Rabbit S
Arnab R X Arnab S

Parent’s phenotype : Black fur, Red eyes X White fur, Black eyes
Fenotip induk : Bulu hitam,mata merah X Bulu putih,mata hitam

Rabbit T
Arnab T

Offspring’s phenotype : All black fur, red eyes
Fenotip anak : Semua bulu hitam, mata merah

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

(a) State the genotype of rabbit T
Nyatakan genotip bagi arnab T.

………………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) Table 5 shows the Punnett’s square of the self-cross between of offspring’s in
F1 generation to form F2 generation.
Jadual 5 menunjukkan segiempat punnet bagi kacukan sesama sendiri anak
generasi F1 menghasilkan generasi F2.

Male gamete
Gamet jantan

BR Br bR br
Female gamete
Gamet betina

BR BBRR BBRr BbRR BbRr

Br ………… …………... ………….. …………..

bR …………. …………... ………….. …………..

br BbRr Bbrr bbRr bbrr

Table 5
Jadual 5

(i) Complete the Punnett’s square to show the genotype of offspring if
rabbit offspring is self-crossing
Lengkapkan segiempat Punnett untuk menunjukkan genotip anak jika
arnab dikacukkan sesama sendiri.
[2marks]

(ii) Based on Diagram 5.1 and Table 5, describe Mendel’s Second Law.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.1 dan Jadual 5, huraikan Hukum Mendel Kedua.

……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………

[2 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 5.2 shows a schematic diagram of genetic disease.
Rajah 5.2 menunjukkan rajah skema pewarisan bagi satu penyakit genetik.

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

(i) What is the characteristic of Down Syndrome offspring?
Apakah ciri bagi anak Sindrom Down?
……………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark/markah]

(ii) Explain how a fault in the formation of sperm cell can cause this genetic
disorder.
Terangkan bagaimana kesilapan dalam pembentukan sel sperma boleh
menyebabkan penyakit genetik ini.
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………
[3 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) Diagram 5.3 shows another example of a genetic cross.
Rajah 5.3 menunjukkan satu contoh lain bagi kacukan pewarisan.

Parent : Tall tree X Short tree
Induk Pokok tinggi Pokok rendah

Offspring : Tall tree
Anak Pokok tinggi

Diagram 5.3
Rajah 5.3

State the differences between this genetic cross in Diagram 5.3 with the cross
shown in Diagram 5.1.
Nyatakan perbezaan antara kacukan pewarisan dalam Rajah 5.3 dengan
kacukan yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 5.1.

Diagram 5.1 / Rajah 5.1 Diagram 5.3 / Rajah 5.3

[3 marks/markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

Biologi Kertas 2, SPM 2013
1 Diagram 7.1 shows a pair of homologous chromosomes. A characteristic is

determined by a pair of alleles. T and t represent the alleles for the characteristic of
height.
Rajah 7.1 menunjukkan sepasang kromosom homolog. Suatu ciri ditentukan oleh
sepasang alel. T dan t mewakili alel bagi ciri ketinggian.

Diagram 7.1
Rajah 7.1

(a) Based on Diagram 7.1, explain how the characteristic of height is determined.
Berdasarkan Rajah 7.1, terangkan bagaimana ciri ketinggian ditentukan.
[4 marks/markah]

(b) Diagram 7.2 shows the inheritance of haemophilia in a family.
Haemophilia is a sex-linked disease. The father is a normal male with
genotype XHY, while the mother is a haemophiliac female with genotype XhXh.
Rajah 7.2 menunjukkan perwarisan hemofilia dalam sebuah keluarga.
Hemofilia adalah pentakit terangkai seks. Bapanya seorong lelaki normal
dengan genotip XHY, manakala ibunya seorang wanita hemofilia dengan
genotip XhXh.

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Diagram 7.2
Rajah 7.2

Explain the probability of the offsprings to inherit haemophilia.
Terangkan kebarangkalian anak-anak mewarisi hemofilia.

[6 marks/markah]
(c) Diagram 7.3 shows the conditions of red blood cells of two individuals, P and

Q. Individual Q suffers from a genetic disease.
Rajah 7.3 menunjukkan keadaan sel darah merah dua individu, P dan Q.
Individu Q menghidap suatu penyakit genetik.

Diagram 7.3 / Rajah 7.3
Explain the difference in health between individuals P and Q.
Terangkan perbezaan kesihatan antara individu P dengan individu Q.

[4 marks/markah]
(d) Bacteria can genetically modified to produce insulin.

Explain the use of the insulin for a diabetic patient.
Bakteria boleh diubah suai secara genetik untuk menghasilkon insulin.
Terangkan kegunaan insulin itu bagi seorang pesakit kencing manis.

[6 marks/markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A
Bahagian A

Chapter 15 : Variation
Bab 15 : Variasi

Percubaan Kertas 2, MRSM 2019

1. (a) Diagram 1.1 shows a trait of ability to roll the tongue between two
individuals.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan trait kebolehan menggulung lidah antara dua
individu.

Individual P Individual Q
Individu P Individu Q

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(i) Name the type of variation of individual P and individual Q.
Namakan jenis variasi bagi individu P dan individu Q.

……………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark/1 markah]

(ii) State two factors causing the variations.
Nyatakan dua faktor yang menyebabkan variasi tersebut.

………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….

[2 marks/2 markah]
(iii) A student is unable to roll his tongue. He practices to roll his

tongue everyday but fails. Explain why.
Seorang pelajar tidak berkebolehan menggulung lidah. Dia
cuba untuk menggulung lidah setiap hari tetapi gagal.
Terangkan mengapa.

..................................................................................................

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..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................
..................................................................................................

[3 marks/3 markah]

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows a chameleon with a change in a habitat from A to
B.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan seekor sesumpah berpindah dari habitat A
ke B

Habitat A Habitat B
Habitat A Habitat B
Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Based on Diagram 1.2, explain how chameleon’s ability to
change colour helps it’s survival.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.2, terangkan bagaimana perubahan
warna membantu sesumpah untuk terus hidup.

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................

..................................................................................................
[3 marks/3 markah]

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(iii) Compare the varitaion shown in Diagram 1.1 and Diagram 1.2

Berikan satu perbezaan di antara variasi yang ditunjukkan
dalam Rajah 1.1 dan Rajah 1.2
..................................................................................................
………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………….

[3 marks/3 markah]
SUMBER : Modul PPD Pasir Gudang 2016.
2. Diagram 2.1 (a) and 2.1 (b) show different types of fingerprint and a group of

Form Five students with various body heights.
Rajah 2.1 (a) dan 2.1 (b) menunjukkan jenis cap jari yang berbeza dan
sekumpulan murid Tingkatan Lima dengan pelbagai ketinggian.

Diagram 2.1 (a)
Rajah 2.1 (a)

Diagram 2.1 (b)
Rajah 2.1 (b)

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(a) State the types of variation shown by the Diagram 1.1 (a) and 1.1 (b).
Nyatakan jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan oleh Rajah 1.1 (a) dan 1.1 (b).
Diagram 1.1 (a) : ____________________________________________
Rajah 1.1 (a)
Diagram 1.1 (b) : ____________________________________________
Rajah 1.1 (b)
[2 marks/markah]

(b) State two differences between the two types of variation in 1 (a).
Nyatakan dua perbezaan variasi yang dinyatakan dalam 1 (a).
1. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]

(c) Explain the importance of variation.
Terangkan kepentingan variasi.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[2 marks/markah]

(d) Mutation is one of the factors that cause variation. Diagram 2.2 shows two
types of chromosomal mutation.
Mutasi merupakan salah satu faktor yang menyebabkan variasi. Rajah 2.2
menunjukkan dua jenis mutasi kromosom.

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

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(i) Name the processes involved in the mutation of P and Q.

Namakan proses-proses yang terlibat dalam mutasi P dan Q
P : _______________________________________________
Q : _______________________________________________

[2 marks/markah]
(ii) Explain one factor that causes mutation.

Terangkan satu faktor yang menyebabkan mutasi.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks/markah]
(iii) Explain one bad effect caused by mutation.

Terangkan satu kesan buruk yang disebabkan oleh mutasi.
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[2 marks/markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

1. Diagram 2.1 shows types of variation in human.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan variasi dalam manusia.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) Explain the two types of variation in Diagram 2.1.
Terangkan dua jenis variasi dalam Rajah 2.1.
[10 marks/10 markah]

(b) Variation is the differences in characteristics between individuals of the
same species.
Diagram 2.2 shows some examples of variation in a few species.
Variasi ialah perbezaan dalam ciri-ciri antara individu untuk spesies yang
sama.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan beberapa contoh variasi pada beberapa
spesies.

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Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

Discuss the factors that can cause variation in the species and the
importance of variation in the survival of a species.
Bincangkan faktor-faktor yang boleh menyebabkan variasi di dalam
spesies dan kepentingan variasi dalam kemandirian sesuatu spesies.

[10 marks/10 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

Penasihat Editorial PANEL
Encik Abdul Rahman bin Bujang
Puan Haslina Marzoki Bidang Sains dan Matematik,
Sektor Pembelajaran,
Jabatan Pendidikan Negeri Sarawak

Senarai Ahli Panel SMK Sheikh Haji Othman Abdul Wahab
1 Ajibah binti Dolhan SMK Sadong Jaya
2 Hehiman bin Sakuan SMK Serian
3 Imelda a/k Nyaun SMK Bako
4 Juhaidah binti A.Wahab SM Sains Kuching
5 Melson Manggis SM Sains Kuching Utara
6 Mohamad Nadzrull bin Wahid SMK St. Elizabeth
7 Ngu Wee Ping SM Sains Kuching
8 Norshamsiah binti Samsudin SMK Sadong Jaya
9 Rohidin bin Rohim SMK Bako
10 Siti Azima binti Abon SMK Siburan
11 Siti Salwa binti Ismail SMK Bandar Samariang
12 Suhana binti Abang Abu Bakar SM Sains Kuching Utara
13 Vanessa anak Clement SMK Matang Jaya
14 Wan Hanim bt Wan Yahya@Wan Abdullah