Modul Semarak Kasih - Biology Kertas 2 (Soalan)

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(ii) Name the part label P and Q.
Namakan bahagian berlabel P dan Q.

P: _________________________________________________________

Q: _________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) (i) Name the enzyme that produced by bacteria found in rumen.
Namakan enzim yang dihasilkan oleh bakteria yang terdapat dalam
rumen.

__________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(ii) State the function of enzyme that state in (b)(i).
Nyatakan fungsi enzim yang dinyatakan dalam (b)(i).

___________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

(iii) Explain what happen when food enter section P.
Terangkan apakah yang berlaku apabila makanan memasuki bahagian P.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) State two differences of digestive system between human and goat.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan sistem pencernaan antara manusia dan
kambing.

Digestive system in human Digestive system in goat
Sistem pencernaan manusia Sistem pencernaan kambing

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) Pak Ali breeds rabbit and goat. He found that his rabbit produced liquid

and soft faeces during night. The rabbits ingest their faeces pellets and
produced hard faeces.
Pak Ali memelihara arnab dan kambing. Beliau mendapati arnabnya
menghasilkan sejenis tinja seperti cecair yang lembik pada waktu malam.
Arnab ini memakan semula tinjanya dan menghasilkan tinja yang keras.
(i) Based on the observation, explain why rabbit need to ingest their faeces
whereas goat does not need to do that.
Berdasarkan pemerhatian ini, mengapa arnab perlu memakan semula
tinjanya manakala kambing tidak perlu berbuat demikian.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Digestive system of the rabbit is also involved in the digestion of cellulose.
State the part which store the cellulose-digesting bacteria in a rabbit
digestive system
Sistem pencernaan arnab juga terlibat dalam pencernaan selulosa.
Nyatakan bahagian yang menyimpan bakteria pengurai-selulosa di dalam
sistem pencernaan arnab.
___________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section B
Bahagian B

‘Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, MRSM’
1. Diagram 3.1 shows a stomach in a human.

Diagram 3.2 shows longitudinal section of the stomach wall.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan perut manusia.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan keratan memanjang dinding perut.

Oesophagus
Esophagus

Gland P
Kelenjar P

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.1 Rajah 3.2

(a) Explain what happens to the digestion process if gland P fails to function.
Terangkan apakah yang berlaku kepada proses pencernaan sekiranya
kelenjar P gagal berfungsi.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

(b) The balanced diet of different people is varied according to their lifestyle,
health condition and specific nutrition needs.
Gizi seimbang setiap individu adalah berlainan bergantung kepada gaya
hidup, keadaan kesihatan dan nutrisi khas yang diperlukan.

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3

Biologi Kertas 2

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Discuss the importance of appropriate balanced diet for three individuals in
Diagram 3.3.
Bincangkan kepentingan gizi seimbang yang sesuai untuk ketiga-tiga individu
dalam Rajah 3.3.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]
(c) Diagram 3.4 shows the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration in
a plant.
Rajah 3.4 menunjukkan hubungan antara fotosintesis dan respirasi dalam
tumbuhan.

Diagram 3.4
Rajah 3.4

Predict what will happen to the plant that constantly remains at the
compensation point.
Ramalkan apakah yang akan terjadi kepada tumbuhan yang kekal berada
di titik pampasan.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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2. (a) Diagram 4.1 shows an advertisement of a special menu served at SugarBun.

Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan satu iklan menu istimewa yang dihidangkan di
SugarBun.

Nasi Lemak Classic & Nasi Lemak Chicken Curry
Nasi Lemak is the Malaysia’s national dish that can be eaten at any time; eg. for

breakfast, lunch, tea break, dinner or even supper.
Nasi Lemak Classic consists of Santan rice and the essential condiments such as
sambal ikan bilis, fried peanuts, hardboiled egg, cucumber slices and tomato slices.
Nasi Lemak Chicken Curry consists of all the ingredients of Nasi Lemak Classic

served with additional portion of Chicken Curry.
The aroma and fragrant of these dishes comes from the cooked coconut milk in the
santan rice and the hot & spicy anchovies sauce of the sambal ikan bilis. Santan rice
is the long grain rice cooked in 100% pure coconut milk which is fragrant, tender and

fluffy.
The mingling of rich flavors and textures of the creamy santan rice, hot & spicy
anchovies sambal sauce, chrunchy peanuts, nutritious egg, fresh vegetables of
cucumbers and tomatoes make this dishes simply irresistible and craving for second

helping.
Nasi Lemak Klasik & Nasi Lemak Kari Ayam
Nasi lemak merupakan hidangan rakyat Malaysia yang boleh diambil bila-bila masa,
contohnya untuk sarapan, makan tengahari, minum petang, makan malam mahupun

hidangan tengah malam.
Nasi Lemak Klasik terdiri daripada nasi lemak bersama bahan-bahan istimewa
seperti sambal ikan bilis, kacang goreng, telur rebus, hirisan timun dan hirisan

tomato.

Biologi Kertas 2

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Nasi Lemak Kari Ayam mempunyai semua bahan seperti Nasi Lemak Klasik yang

dihidangkan bersama Kari Ayam.
Aroma dan bau wangi hidangan ini datang daripada santan kelapa yang dimasak
bersama nasi lemak dan pes ikan bilis yang pedas dalam Sambal Ikan Bilisnya.
Nasi lemak merupakan beras panjang yang dimasak bersama 100% santan kelapa

asli yang wangi, halus dan lembut.
Gabungan rasa mewah dan tekstur nasi lemak yang berkrim, sambal ikan bilis yang

pedas, kacang goreng rangup, telur yang penuh dengan khasiat, sayuran segar
timun dan tomato menjadikan hidangan ini begitu menarik dan mengidam untuk

merasa lagi kali kedua.
Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

Puan Sally has taken Nasi Lemak Chicken Curry during her breakfast. Explain
the digestion of the nutrients contain in nasi lemak along the digestive tract.
Puan Sally mengambil Nasi Lemak Kari Ayam semasa sarapan. Terangkan
pencernaan nutrien yang terdapat dalam nasi lemak tersebut disepanjang
salur pencernaan.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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‘Biologi K2, SPM 2011’
(b) Greenhouse is used to control biotic and abiotic factors to increase the yield

of crops. Diagram 4.2 shows tomato plants grown in a greenhouse.
Rumah hijau digunakan untuk mengawal faktor biotik dan abiotik untuk
meningkatkan hasil tanaman. Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan pokok tomato yang
ditanam dalam rumah hijau.

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Explain how the greenhouse influences the productivity of the tomato plants.
Terangkan bagaimana rumah hijau mempengaruhi produktiviti pokok tomato
itu.

[10 mark]
[10 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A
Bahagian A
Chapter 7 : Respiration
Bab 8 : Respirasi
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2019, MPSM Pulau Pinang
1. Respiration is a process that occurs in all living organisms. Diagram 1 shows two
individuals, P and Q in two different situations. P is sitting down while Q is running
in a 200 metre sprint event.
Respirasi ialah proses yang berlaku di dalam semua organisma hidup. Rajah 1
menunjukkan dua individu P dan Q dalam dua situasi yang berbeza. P sedang
duduk manakala Q sedang berlari dalam acara pecut 200 meter.

Diagram 1
Rajah 1

(a) Based on Diagram 3, identify the type of respiration for P and Q.
Berdasarkan pada Rajah 3, kenal pasti jenis respirasi bagi P dan Q.
P:_____________________________________________________________
Q:_____________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) (i) State two differences between the type of respiration that occurred in P and Q.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan di antara jenis respirasi yang berlaku dalam P dan Q.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(ii) Write the word equation for the type of respiration that ocurred in P.
Tuliskan persamaan perkataan bagi jenis repirasi yang berlaku dalam P.

________________________________________________________________

[1 marks]
[1 markah]

(c) (i) At the end of the 200 metre sprint event., the man in situation Q experienced painful
leg cramps due to muscle fatigue.
Pada akhir acara lumba lari jarak jauh, lelaki dalam situasi Q mengalami
kekejangan kaki yang amat sakit akibat kelesuan otot .

Explain why muscle fatigue occurs.
Terangkan mengapa kelesuan otot berlaku.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii) He then carried out the following actions
Dia kemudiannya melakukan tindakan-tindakan berikut:
● wearing his track suit
memakai sut trek
● taking a few long, deep breaths
menghela nafas panjang dan mendalam
● walk around
berjalan-jalan
Explain why the man in situation Q carried out the above actions.
Terangkan mengapa lelaki dalam situasi Q melakukan tindakan-tindakan di atas.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) The results of an investigation on the percentage of oxygen and carbon dioxide in
inhaled and exhaled air is shown in Table 1.
Keputusan penyiasatan ke atas peratus oksigen dan karbon dioksida dalam
udara sedutan dan udara hembusan ditunjukkan dalam Jadual 1.

Type of gas Inhaled air (%) Exhaled air (%)
Jenis gas Udara sedutan (%) Udara hembusan (%)

Oxygen 21.09 16.40
Oksigen

Carbon dioxide 0.03 4.10
Karbon dioksida

Table 1
Jadual 1
Why is there a decrease in the percentage of oxygen in the exhaled air?
Mengapa terdapat kekurangan peratusan oksigen dalam udara hembusan?
________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Biologi Kertas 2, SPM 2017
2. Diagram 2.1 shows a part of human respiratory system.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan sebahagian sistem respiratori manusia.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) (i) Name the tubes P and Q.
Namakan salur P dan salur Q?
P: ______________________________________________________________
Q: ______________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Explain a characteristic of P which is related to its function.
Terangkan ciri bagi P yang berkaitan dengan fungsinya.
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) (i) A heavy smoker is prone to persistent cough.
Explain how this habit reduces the effiency of respiratory system.
Seorang perokok tegar mudah mendapat batuk berterusan.
Terangkan bagaimana tabiat ini mengurangkan kecekapan sistem respirasi
berfungsi.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(ii) Explain another possible disease which may be suffered by the heavy smoker.
Terangkan satu penyakit lain yang mungkin dihidapi oleh perokok tegar tersebut.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(c) Give one suggestion on how to increase the ventilation rate during breathing.
Explain your suggestion.
Berikan satu cadangan bagaimana untuk meningkatkan kadar ventilasi semasa
bernafas. Terangkan cadangan anda.

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section B
Bahagian B

Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020, Kelantan
1. (a) Diagram 3.1 shows the respiratory system for fish.

Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sistem respirasi pada ikan.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

Explain how gills is adapted to increase the efficiency of gaseous exchange.
Terangkan bagaimana insang diadaptasikan untuk meningkatkan kecekapan
pertukaran gas.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) Diagram 3.2 shows a mechanism of gaseous exchange in fish.

Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan satu mekanisma pertukaran gas dalam ikan.

Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.2

(i) Explain the mechanism.
Terangkan mekanisma ini.

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Fish are exposed to infections of gill lice that cause their filaments to damage
and the operculum could not be completely closed.
Predict what will happen to inhalation mechanism of the fish.
Ikan terkena jangkitan penyakit kutu insang yang menyebabkan filamennya
rosak dan operkulumnya tidak boleh ditutup dengan sempurna.
Ramalkan apa yang akan berlaku kepada mekanisma tarik nafas pada ikan
tersebut.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(c) Diagram 3.3 shows some newspaper clipping about the earthquake that resulted

in the library ceiling for a school collapsed.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan sebahagian keratan akhbar mengenai gempa bumi yang
mengakibatkan siling perpustakaan sebuah sekolah runtuh .

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3

If you are in that situation you will definitely run out of the library quickly.
Explain how your breathing rate is regulated to adapt the panic situation.
Sekiranya anda berada dalam situasi tersebut pastinya anda akan berlari keluar
dari perpustakaan itu dengan cepat.
Terangkan bagaimana kadar pernafasan anda dikawal atur untuk menyesuaikan
diri semasa situasi cemas tersebut.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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Section A
Bahagian A
Chapter 8 : Dynamic Ecosystem
Bab 8 : Ekosistem Dinamik
KERTAS 2, SOALAN SEBENAR SPM 2012
1. Diagram 1.1 shows the consequences of change in a pond ecosystem
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan urutan perubahan pada ekosistem sebuah
kolam.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) Name process K and process L.
Namakan proses K dan proses L.
Process K/ Proses K : ______________________________________
Process L/ Proses L : ______________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(i) Explain how stage III is formed from stage II through process L.
Terangkan bagaimana peringkat III terbentuk daripada peringkat II
melalui proses L.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(ii) At stage III, farming activities are carried out near the pond. Explain how
the farming activity affects the ecosystem.
Pada peringkat III, aktiviti perladangan telah dijalankan berhampiran
kolam. Terangkan bagaimana aktiviti perladangan mempengaruhi
ekosistem.
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(iii) State two differences between stage I and stage IV.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara peringkat I dengan peringkat IV.
1._______________________________________________________
2._______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) A group of students carried out an activity to estimate the population of
plant P and plant Q in a school compound using the following procedure:
I. A quadrat (1m x 1m) is placed randomly at a site.
II. Plant P and Plant Q which are within the boundary of the
quadrat are counted.
III. Steps I and II are repeated five times as shown in diagram
1.2.
Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan satu aktiviti untuk
menganggarkan populasi tumbuhan P dan Q di kawasan sekolah
menggunakan prosedur berikut.
I. Kuadrat (1m x 1m) diletakkan secara rawak di kawasan itu.
II. Tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q di dalam kuadrat dikira.
III. Langkah I dan II diulang lima kali seperti ditunjukkan dalam
Rajah 1.2.

Biologi Kertas 2

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Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(i) Record the total number of plant P and plant Q in the five quadrats into
Table 1.
Rekod jumlah bilangan tumbuhan P dan tumbuhan Q dalam kelima-lima
kuadrat ke dalam Jadual 1.

Plant Total number
Tumbuhan Jumlah bilangan

P
Q

Table 1
Jadual 1

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Based on the result in 1(c)(i), which plant is dominant?
Berdasarkan keputusan dalam 1(c)(i), tumbuhan manakah yang
dominan?
________________________________________________________
[1 mark]
[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(iii) Give one reason for the answer in 1 (c)(ii)
Berikan satu sebab bagi jawapan dalam 1 (c)(ii)
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

KERTAS 2, PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2017, SBP
2. Diagram 2.1 shows a food chain in an ecosystem.

Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan satu rantai makanan dalam sebuah ekosistem.

10% 10%

Energy Energy
Tenaga Tenaga

Plant Caterpillar Bird
Tumbuhan Ulat beluncas Burung

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

(a) State the trophic levels of plant and bird.
Nyatakan aras trofik bagi tumbuhan dan burung.

Plant/ Tumbuhan:_____________________________________________

Bird/ Burung:_________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

(b) (i) Explain one role of bird in the ecosystem.
Terangkan satu peranan burung dalam ekosistem tersebut.
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(ii) Explain the flow of energy from producer to primary consumer in the food
chain.
Terangkan aliran tenaga daripada pengeluar kepada pengguna primer
dalam rantai makanan tersebut.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows another type of caterpillar. This caterpillar has hairs of
hollow bristles which release toxins from the poison glands.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan sejenis ulat beluncas yang lain. Ulat beluncas ini
mempunyai bulu berliang yang mengeluarkan toksin dari kelenjar racun.

Poison hollow
bristles
Bulu berliang
yang beracun
Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2
This type of caterpillar replace the caterpillar in the food chain in Diagram
2.1. Explain how the population of plants in the ecosystem is affected.
Ulat beluncas jenis ini menggantikan tempat ulat beluncas dalam rantai
makanan pada Rajah 2.1. Terangkan bagaimana populasi tumbuhan dalam
ekosistem itu dipengaruhi.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(d) (i) The organisms in the first trophic level absorb 15 000 kJ solar energy.
Energy loss at each trophic level is 90%.
Calculate the total energy transferred to the organism in the third trophic
level.
Organisma pada tahap trofik pertama menyerap tenaga suria 15 000 kJ.
Tenaga hilang pada setiap tahap trofik adalah 90%.
Hitung jumlah tenaga yang dipindahkan ke organisma pada tahap trofik
ketiga.
___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) State two ways in which energy may be lost in the food chain.
Nyatakan dua cara kehilangan tenaga di dalam rantaian makanan.

1.__________________________________________________________

2.__________________________________________________________
[2 marks]

[2 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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KERTAS 2, PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2020, JPN KELANTAN
3. Table 2 shows the hierarchy classification of maize and padi bukit.

Jadual 2 menunjukkan hierarki pengelasan bagi jagung dan padi bukit.

Classification Maize Padi bukit
Pengelasan Jagung Padi bukit
Plantae
Kingdom Plantae
Alam Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Phylum Angiospermae
Filum Liliopsida
Glumiflorae
Class Maydeae Cyperales
Kelas Gramineae
Zea
Order Oryza
Order mays
sativa
X
Genus
Genus

Species
Spesies

Table 2
Jadual 2

(a) (i) What is X.
Apakah X.
__________________________________________________________

[1 mark]
[1 markah]

(ii) Based on Table 2, give the scientific name of maize.
Berdasarkan Jadual 2, berikan nama saintifik bagi jagung.

_________________________________________________________
[1 mark]

[1 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2

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(b) A study on competition between maize plants and padi bukit was
conducted by a group of students.
Suatu kajian tentang persaingan antara tanaman jagung dan padi bukit
telah dijalankan oleh sekumpulan murid.

Diagram 3.1 shows the growth rate of maize plants and padi bukit planted
in two seedling trays.
Diagram 3.2 shows the growth rate of maize plants and padi bukit planted
in the same seedling trays.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan pokok jagung dan padi bukit
yang ditanam di dua kotak semaian yang berbeza.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan kadar pertumbuhan pokok jagung dan padi bukit
yang ditanam di satu kotak semaian yang sama.

The plants are given the same amount of nutrients, light intensity and
water.
Pokok-pokok tersebut diberi jumlah nutrien, keamatan cahaya dan jumlah
air yang sama.

Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2
Rajah 3.1 Rajah 3.2

(i) State two differences between Diagram 3.1 and Diagram 3.2 based on
the following aspects:
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara Rajah 3.2 dan Rajah 3.3 berdasarkan
aspek berikut:

Aspect Diagram 3.1 Diagram 3.2
Aspek Rajah 3.1 Rajah 3.2

Type of competition
Jenis persaingan

Explanation
Penerangan

Biologi Kertas 2

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[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Explain one abiotic factor that causes the growth rate of maize plants
higher than padi bukit in Diagram 3.2.
Terangkan satu faktor abiosis yang menyebabkan kadar pertumbuhan
jagung lebih tinggi berbanding padi bukit dalam Rajah 3.2.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]
(c) Diagram 3.3 shows a type of pest Green leafhopper, Nephotettix
nigropictus that sucks results of photosynthesis from rice stalks then
resulting in stunted rice growth.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan sejenis serangga perosak Bena hijau, Nephotettix
nigropictus yang menghisap hasil fotosintesis daripada batang padi lalu
mengakibatkan pertumbuhan padi terbantut.

Diagram 3.3
Rajah 3.3

(i) Explain the interaction.
Terangkan interaksi tersebut.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(ii) The farmer is advised not to use pesticide to control this pest population.

Explain why.
Petani dinasihatkan untuk tidak menggunakan pestisid untuk mengawal
populasi serangga perosak ini.
Terangkan mengapa.
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B
KERTAS 2, PEPERIKSAAN PERCUBAAN SPM 2019, JPN TERENGGANU
1. Diagram 4.1 shows a type of interaction between two organisms.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan sejenis interaksi antara dua organisma

Diagram 4.1
Rajah 4.1

(a) (i) Name and describe the interaction shown in Diagram 4.1
Namakan dan huraikan interaksi yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 4.1

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(ii) Diagram 4.2 shows the dynamic equilibrium between the population of rats
and owls.
Rajah 4.2 menunjukkan keseimbangan dinamik antara populasi tikus dan
burung hantu.

Diagram 4.2
Rajah 4.2

Explain how this interaction takes place in a cycle that keeps the population
of rats and owl in a dynamic equilibrium.

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Terangkan bagaimana interaksi ini mengekalkan populasi tikus dan burung
hantu dalam keseimbangan dinamik.

[6 marks]
[6 markah]
(b) Diagram 4.3 shows a food web in a paddy field ecosystem.
Rajah 4.3 menunjukkan suatu siratan makanan dalam ekosistem sawah
padi.

Diagram 4.3
Rajah 4.3

(i) Based on the above diagram, construct:
Berdasarkan rajah di atas, bina :
a) Two food chains from the food web.
Dua rantai makanan daripada siratan makanan.
b) A pyramid numbers consisting four trophic levels.
Satu piramid nombor yang mengandungi empat aras trof
[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(ii) Aphid is a pest for paddy plants.
How can the population of aphids can be controlled and explain the effect
of the control methods on the paddy field community.
Afid merupakan perosak bagi pokok padi.
Bagaimanakah populasi afid dapat dikawal dan terangkan kesan kaedah
pengawalan itu ke atas komuniti sawah padi.
[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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2.(a) Diagram 5.1 shows the mangrove swamp ecosystem.

Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan satu ekosistem paya bakau.

Diagram 5.1
Rajah 5.1

Mangrove tree is the main biotic component in the mangrove swamp.
Explain the adaptation of this biotic component in the extreme
environment.
Pokok bakau adalah komponen biosis yang utama dalam paya bakau.
Jelaskan adaptasi komponen biosis terhadap persekitaran yang ekstem.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

(b)

Diagram 5.2
Rajah 5.2

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Based on Diagram 5.2, explain the changes in habitat caused by pioneer
species, successors at every level of succession until a climax community
is reached.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5.2, terangkan perubahan dalam habitat yang
disebabkan oleh spesies perintis, penyesar pada setiap aras penyesaran
sehingga terbentuk komuniti klimaks.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

Chapter 9: Endangered Ecosystem
Bab 9: Ekosistem Terancam
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2013, Bahagian Pengurusan Sekolah Berasrama
Penuh dan Sekolah Kecemerlangan
1 (a) The statement below describes the sustainable development

Penyataan di bawah menerangkan pembangunan mampan

• Sustainable development is method to fulfill our demands for
natural resources, but it also balanced the need to sustain the
resources themselves
Pembangunan mampan adalah kaedah untuk memenuhi
keperluan kita terhadap sumber-sumber semulajadi tetapi
pada masa yang sama dissimbangkan dengan perlunya
sumber-sumber tersebut dikekalkan

• Sustainable development can be achieved by using technology
and non-technology approach.
Pembangunan mampan bolh dicapai dengan pendekatan
penggunaan teknologi dan bukan teknologi

Based on statement above, explain what measure can be taken to ensure a
balanced and stable ecosystem is maintained.
Berdasarkan penyataan di atas, terangkan langkah-langkah yang boleh
diambil untuk memastikan keseimbangan dan kestabilan ekosistem
dikekalkan.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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(b) Diagram 1.1 shows an ecosystem in Malaysia

Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan ekosistem di Malaysia.

Diagram 9.1
Rajah 9.1

Based on diagram 9.1, discuss why the ecosystem has to be maintained.
Berdasarkan rajah 9.1, bincangkan mengapa ekosistem ini perlu dikekalkan.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2018, Pulau Pinang

2. (a) Diagram 2(a) shows the scenery at one of the districts in Malaysia 25 years
ago. In order to fulfill the need of country development, the scenery changes
from 2(a) to diagram 2(b)
Rajah 2(a) menunjukkan suasana sebuah daerah di Malaysia 25 tahun yang
lalu. Untuk memenuhi pembangunan negara, suasana telah berubah daripada
rajah 2(a) kepada 2(b).

Diagram 2(a) Diagram 2(b)
Rajah 2(a) Rajah 2(b)

Discuss the good and bad consequences of the development
Bincangkan kesan baik dan kesan buruk dari pembangunan tersebut.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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(b) Read the story below
Baca cerita di bawah
Yati has completed her education for 7 years abroad and has returned to
her hometown. She was really surprised to see the rapid development that
took place in her village. Yati felt sad when she saw the condition of pond
where she and her friends used to fish because there is an agricultural area
run near the pond that is not properly managed. The water surface of the
pond is fully covered with small green plant.
Yati telah menamatkan pengajiannya selama 7 tahun di luar negara dan
telah kembali ke kampung halamannya. Yati sungguh terkejut melihat
pembangunan pesat yang berlaku di kampungnya.Yati berasa sedih
apabila melihat tasik yang merupakan tempat dia dan rakan-rakannya
memancing dahulu telah tercemar keran terdapat kawasan pertanian yang
dijalankan berdekatan tasik tersebut tidak diuruskan secara sempurna.
Permukaan air tasik tersebut kelihatan dilitupi tumbuhan kecil berwarna
hijau.

In your opinion, what is the condition of pond meant by Yati? Discuss the bad
effect of improper management of agricultural area to the pond
Pada pendapat anda, apakah yang dimaksudkan oleh Yati tentang keadaan
kolam tersebut? Bincangkan secara terperinci kesan buruk kegagalan
pengurusan kawasan pertanian yang sempurna terhadap tasik tersebut.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM Biologi 2019 Negeri Selangor, JPN Selangor
3 (a) Diagram 3.1 shows the two health conditions that emerges in the human

population due to exposure to excess ultraviolet rays from the sun. Human
activity has lead to a phenomena which causes these health condition to occur
more frequently.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan dua keadaan kesihatan yang muncul dalam populasi
manusia yang disebabkan oleh pendedahan kepada sinaran ultraungu
daripada matahari. Aktiviti manusia telah mewujudkan suatu fenomena yang
menyebabkan keadaan kesihatan tersebut terjadi lebih kerap.

Cataract/ Katarak Skin cancer/ Kanser kulit

Diagram 3.1/ Rajah 3.1

Discuss how the phenomena is harmful to the human and the environment.
Bincangkan bagaiman fenomena tersebut membahayakan manusia dan
persekitaran.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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Kertas 2, Biology SPM 2010
(b) Diagram 2.2 shows some human activities which releases carbon dioxide to the

atmosphere in an ecosystem.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan beberapa aktiviti manusia yang membebaskan karbon
dioksida ke atmosfera dalam suatu ekosistem

Diagram 2.2/ Rajah 2.2
Explain the effect of an increase in carbon dioxide concentration on the
ecosystem
Terangkan kesan pertambahan kepekatan karbon dioxide pada ekosistem
itu.

[ 10 marks ]
[ 10 markah ]

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Chapter 10 : Transport System Section A
Bab 10 : Sistem Pengangkutan Bahagian A

Percubaan Daerah Johor 2020

1. Diagram 1.1 shows a human body defence system that is quite effective against
different pathogens to prevent a disease infection.
Rajah 1.1 menunjukkan sistem pertahanan badan manusia yang cukup
berkesan terhadap patogen yang berbeza bagi menghalang sesuatu jangkitan
penyakit.

Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

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(a) Based on Diagram 1.1, our bodies have lines of body defence against
pathogens.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1, badan kita mempunyai barisan pertahanan badan
terhadap serangan patogen.
Explain how skin and mucous membranes act on the first line of defence
mechanism?
Terangkan bagaimanakah kulit dan membran bermukus bertindak dalam
mekanisme barisan pertahanan pertama?
(i) Skin / Kulit
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]
(ii) Mucuos membranes / Membran bermukus
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows blood cell Q acts on the second line of defence.
Explain the action of blood cell Q against bacteria.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan sel darah Q yang bertindak dalam barisan
pertahanan kedua. Terangkan tindakan sel darah Q ke atas bakteria.

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

[3 marks]
[3 markah]

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(c) Diagram 1.3 (a) and 1.3 (b) show the concentration of antibody in the

blood according to time after receiving different injection.
Rajah 1.3 (a) dan 1.3 (b) menunjukkan graf kepekatan antibodi dalam
darah mengikut masa setelah mendapat suntikan berbeza.

Diagram 1.3(a)
Rajah 1.3(a)

Injection P need to induce immunity to prevent disease
Suntikan P diperlukan untuk mencetus keimunan untuk mencegah suatu penyakit.

Diagram 1.3(b)
Rajah 1.3(b)

Injection Q need to treat disease
Suntikan Q diperlukan untuk merawat suatu penyakit
(i) Name the substances that are injected into the blood of
individual X and Y.
Namakan bahan yang disuntik ke darah individu X dan Y.
X : ______________________________________________
Y : ______________________________________________

[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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(ii) Explain the difference in the concentration of antibody in the
blood of individual X and Y after the second injection.
Jelaskan perbezaan antara kepekatan antibodi dalam darah
individu X dan Y selepas suntikan kedua.
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

Percubaan Pulau Pinang 2019
2. Diagram 2.1 shows the relationship between the blood circulatory system and

the lymphatic system.
Rajah 2.1 menunjukkan hubungan antara sistem peredaran darah dan sistem
limfa manusia.

Diagram 2.1
Rajah 2.1

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(a) Name the following :
Namakan yang berikut :
Vessel P / Salur P : ___________________________________________
Vessel Q / Salur Q : __________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(b) Explain the formation of fluid R.
Terangkan pembentukan bendalir R.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(c) 90% of the interstitial fluid leaves the blood must be returned to the blood
circulatory system.
Explain what will happen to the excess interstitial fluid failed to return to
the vessel P.
90% bendalir tisu antara sel yang keluar dari darah mesti dikembalikan ke
sistem peredaran darah.
Terangkan apakah yang akan terjadi sekiranya bendalir tisu tidak dapat
dikembalikan ke salur P.
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________
[3 marks]
[3 markah]

(d) Coronary or heart bypass surgery can relieve chest pain or angina. In the
operation, the surgeon uses a blood vessel from the patient’s leg, arm or
chest to bypass a narrowed section of a coronary artery.
Pembedahan koronari atau pintasan jantung boleh mengatasi sakit dada
atau angina. Semasa pembedahan, doktor mengambil salur darah
daripada kaki, lengan atau dada pesakit sebagai pintasan kepada arteri
koronari yang sempit.
Diagram 2.2 shows the human heart after the bypass surgery.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan jantung manusia selepas pembedahan pintasan.

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Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

(i) Based on your biological knowledge, explain how the narrow
section of the coronary artery occurs.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda, terangkan bagaimana
salur sempit pada arteri koronari terbentuk.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

(ii) Suggest ways that the patient should do to reduce the risk of heart
failure.
Cadangkan langkah-langkah yang perlu diambil oleh pesakit untuk
mengurangkan risiko kegagalan jantung.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
[2 marks]
[2 markah]

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Section B
Bahagian B

Percubaan MRSM 2019

1. Diagram 3.1 shows a part of human blood component.
Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan sebahagian komponen sel darah manusia.

Diagram 3.1
Rajah 3.1

(a) Explain the function of structure M.
Terangkan fungsi struktur M.

[4 marks]
[4 markah]

(b) Diagram 3.2(a) and Diagram 3.2(b) shows a blood circulatory system of
two organisms P and Q.
Rajah 3.2 menunjukkan sistem peredaran darah bagi dua organisma P
dan Q.

Diagram 3.2(a)
Rajah 3.2(a)

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Rajah 3.2(b)
Rajah 3.2(b)

Compare the blood circulatory system in P and Q.
Bandingkan sistem peredaran darah P dan Q.

[10 marks]
[10 markah]

(c) Diagram 3.3 shows a dialog between a doctor and a woman about the
importance of vaccinations for her child.
Rajah 3.3 menunjukkan dialog antara seorang doktor dengan seorang
wanita berkaitan kepentingan vaksinasi kepada anaknya.

Explain the effect of the child if their parents refuse to take vaccination.
Terangkan kesan kepada kanan-kanak jika ibu bapa mereka menolak
pengambilan vaksin.

[6 marks]
[6 markah]

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Section A
Bahagian A

Chapter 11 : Locomotion and Support
Bab 11 : Pergerakan dan Sokongan
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020, JPN Johor
1. Diagram 1.1A shows the normal part of the knee joint while Diagram 1.1B

shows the knee joint of a man with a health problem caused by an injury to X.
Rajah 1.1A menunjukkan bahagian sendi lutut yang normal manakala Rajah
1.1B menunjukkan sendi lutut seorang lelaki yang mengalami masalah
kesihatan yang berpunca dari kecederaan pada X.

X

AB
Diagram 1.1
Rajah 1.1

(a) (i) Based on the Diagram 1.1A, name tissue X.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1A, namakan tisu X.
…………………………………………………………………………....
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(ii) State the importance of X tissue in movement.
Nyatakan kepentingan tisu X dalam pergerakan.
……………………………………………………………………….……
[ 1 mark / 1 markah ]

(b) Based on Diagram 1.1B, describe the health problems faced by the man
when X is impaired.
Berdasarkan Rajah 1.1B, terangkan masalah kesihatan yang dihadapi
oleh lelaki itu apabila X tercedera.

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…………………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(c) Explain how the man's health problem can be overcome.

Terangkan bagaimana masalah kesihatan lelaki itu boleh diatasi.
…………………………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………..……....
…………………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]

R

Q
P

Diagram 1.2
Rajah 1.2

(d) Diagram 1.2 shows the amazing muscles and bones of a bird that allow
it to fly in the air.
Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan otot dan tulang burung yang menakjubkan yang
membolehkannya terbang di udara.
(i) Name P and Q.
Namakan P dan Q.
P:......................................................................................................
Q:......................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2markah ]

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(ii) Briefly describe the role of P and Q in the locomotion of birds.
Huraikan secara ringkas peranan P dan Q dalam pergerakan
burung.
..…............................................................................................…....
..…............................................................................................…....
…......................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2markah ]

(e) Explain the effect of the locomotion of bird if R is torn.
Terangkan kesan terhadap pergerakan burung jika R terkoyak.
….…..…............................................................................................…....
.....................................................................................................….........
…..............................................................................................................
[ 2 marks / 2markah ]

2. Diagram 2.1A shows the cross section of a water hyacinth and Diagram 2.1B
shows the cross section of a balsam plant stem.
Rajah 2.1A menunjukkan keratan rentas batang pokok keladi bunting dan
Rajah 2.1B menunjukkan keratan rentas batang pokok keembung.

P
Q

Diagram 2.1 A Diagram 2.1 B
Rajah 2.1 A Rajah 2.1 B

(a) (i) Name structures P and Q.
Namakan struktur P dan Q.
P:......................................................................................................
Q:......................................................................................................
[2 marks / 2markah ]

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(ii) Explain how structure P helps the plant in support.
Terangkan bagaimana struktur P membantu tumbuhan dalam
sokongan.
……………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

(b) Explain how turgidity provides support to the balsam plant.
Terangkan bagaimana kesegahan memberi sokongan kepada pokok
keembung.
……………………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………………..
[ 2 marks / 2 markah]

(c) Diagram 2.2 shows the structure of a knee joint in a human.
Rajah 2.2 menunjukkan struktur sendi lutut manusia.

Fluid S Patella
Bendalir S Patela
Tissue R
Tisu R

Diagram 2.2
Rajah 2.2

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(i) Tissue R is torn in an injury. Explain the effect to individual’s

movement of the limb.
Tisu R terkoyak dalam satu kecederaan. Terangkan kesannya ke
atas pergerakkan anggota individu tersebut.
……………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………..

[ 2 marks / 2 markah ]
(ii) Some elderly experience knee joint pain due to depletion of fluid S.

By giving one example of the knee joint illness, suggest one way to
avoid the problem at young age.
Sesetengah warga tua mengalami kesakitan pada sendi lutut
disebabkan kekurangan bendalir S. Dengan menamakan satu
contoh penyakit yang berkaitan dengan sendi lutut, cadangkan
satu cara mengelakkan penyakit ini pada usia muda.
……………………………………………………………………….….
…………………………………………………………………………..
……………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………

[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

12

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Section B
Bahagian B
Biologi Kertas 2, Percubaan SPM 2020, JPN Melaka

1. Diagram 6.1 shows the bone tissue of a 30 years old woman.
Diagram 6.2 shows the bone tissue of a 30 years old individual suffering from
osteoporosis.
Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tisu tulang seorang wanita berumur 30 tahun.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan tisu tulang bagi individu berumur 30 tahun yang
menghidapi osteoporosis.

Suggest ways to maintain the bone condition as shown

Diagram 6.1 / Rajah 6.1 Diagram 6.2 / Rajah 6.2

(a) Suggest ways to maintain the bone condition as shown in Diagram 6.1.
Cadangkan cara-cara untuk mengekalkan keadaan tulang dalam Rajah 6.1

[ 4 marks / 4 markah]

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(b) Diagram 6.3 shows a lateral view of a fish.
Diagram 6.4 shows the cross section of the fish at X showing the myotomes.
Rajah 6.3 menunjukkan pandangan sisi seekor ikan.
Rajah 6.4 menunjukkan keratan rentas ikan tersebut di X yang menunjukkan
miotom.

Dorsal fin
Sirip Dorsal

Pectoral fin Caudal fin
Sirip pektoral Sirip ekor

Pelvic fin Ventral fin
Sirip pelvik Sirip ventral

Diagram 6.3
Rajah 6.3

Diagram 6.4
Rajah 6.4

Based on Diagram 6.3 and 6.4, explain the adaptations for fish to move in the
water.
Berdasarkan Rajah 6.3 dan 6.4, terangkan adaptasi untuk ikan bergerak di
dalam air.

[ 6 marks / 6 markah]

Biologi Kertas 2