2 According to the text on the previous page, answer the following questions. a. What is one of the worldÕs most magnificent waterfalls? b. Where can you appreciate art and architecture? c. Which city is known as the old Ôstone cityÕ? 3 Mark the correct statement about Ilha do Mel. It is acessible by car. It offers wild beaches and coastal walks. Language in Use Question Words 1 The following text presents some interesting facts about Brazil. Read it and mark the correct statement. Country Facts ¥ The name Brazil comes from a tree named brazilwood. ¥ Brazil is the only country in South America that speaks Portuguese. ¥ The capital city is Brasilia, while the largest city is Sao Paulo. ¥ Brazil shares a border with all South American countries except for Chile and Ecuador. ¥ Brazil covers 3 time zones. ¥ Around 60% of the Amazon Rainforest is located in Brazil. ¥ The climate in the majority of Brazil is tropical. ¥ There are around 2500 airports in Brazil. Available at: <www.sciencekids.co.nz/sciencefacts/countries/brazil.html>. Accessed in: December 2014. (Fragment). Brasilia is the largest city in Brazil. Brazil shares a border with Chile and Ecuador. Only Brazil speaks Portuguese in South America. 2 Go back to the text in exercise 1 and write questions about Brazil as in the example below. Use the question words from the following box. Where ¥ What ¥ How much ¥ How many ¥ How many a. Where does the name Brazil come from? ÒThe name Brazil comes from a tree named brazilwood.Ó b. ÒBrazil covers 3 time zones.Ó Review 4 149 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_148a153_Review4.indd 149 5/13/15 9:26 AM
c. “Around 60% of the Amazon Rainforest is located in Brazil.” d. “The climate in the majority of Brazil is tropical.” e. “There are around 2500 airports in Brazil.” 3 In each item below, put the words into the correct order to make sentences. a. live? / do / Where / you b. is / population / town? / your / of / What / the c. What / tourist / town? / main / in / are / your / attractions / the 4 Go back to exercise 3 and answer the questions. Countable and Uncountable Nouns . 5 Do you like acarajŽ? Read the ingredients of this traditional Brazilian food. Then, circle the uncountable items. Expressions of Quantity . 6 Complete the sentences below with How much or How many. a. states are there in Brazil? b. fruit juice do you drink a week? c. time do you spend cooking? d. languages can you speak? Available at: <http://southamericanfood.about.com>. Accessed in: December 2014. Vinicius Tupinamba/ Shutterstock/Glow Images Traditional AcarajŽ Ingredients ✔ 2 cups of dried black beans ✔ 1 small onion ✔ 2 cloves of garlic ✔ several dried shrimps ✔ 1 teaspoon of salt (or to taste) ✔ black pepper ✔ oil for frying Galvão Bertazzi/ Arquivo da editora 150 Units 7 & 8 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_148a153_Review4.indd 150 5/13/15 9:26 AM
Time for Fun! It’s time to play “5 Things” with your classmates. INSTRUCTIONS • Em cada rodada, complete os itens de acordo com o que se pede. Em cada rodada, há sempre cinco itens. Com seus colegas, escolha as categorias das rodadas 4, 5 e 6. • O vencedor de cada rodada é aquele que completar os cinco itens primeiro. Round 1 Name five fruits 1 2 3 4 5 Round 3 Name five green fruits or vegetables 1 2 3 4 5 Round 5 Name five 1 2 3 4 5 Round 2 Name five vegetables 1 2 3 4 5 Round 4 Name five 1 2 3 4 5 Round 6 Name five 1 2 3 4 5 Review 4 151 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_148a153_Review4.indd 151 5/13/15 9:26 AM
Thinking about Learning What can I do now? Talk about tourism in Brazil... Talk about food... Use question words... Use countable and uncountable nouns... Use expressions of quantity... Explore maps... Explore recipes... What words/expressions have I learned in units 7 and 8? Words/Expressions Words/Expressions in use What learning resources have I used in units 7 and 8? Dictionaries Glossary Language Reference in Context Extra reading Extra videos Vocabulary Corner Internet Other: What do I need to do in order to improve my learning? with confidence well with some difficulty Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora 152 Units 7 & 8 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_148a153_Review4.indd 152 5/13/15 9:26 AM
Traditional Clothing around the World (Second Part) Na unidade 7, você criou um mapa turístico. Leia a tarefa abaixo e siga as instruções para fazer um mapa temático de roupas tradicionais na segunda parte do Project 2, Traditional Clothing around the World. TASK: After having selected pictures of different items of traditional clothing from Brazil and other countries, it is time to display them on a map according to their place of origin. Include some basic information to identify each piece of clothing and show the thematic map to your school community and the world. 1. Produce it! In groups, organize the pictures of traditional clothing you selected in the first part of the project and review the basic information you wrote about each item (name, origin, historical and/or cultural aspects etc.). Search for a map on the Internet which shows the place of origin of each selected item of clothing and display the pictures on the map. Below each picture, write down the name of each item and, if possible, other interesting pieces of information about it (see example below). You can make a collage or a digital map. 2. Share it locally! Use the school board or the school website to share your map with other members of the school community. 3. Share it globally! Use the Internet to share your map with people from all over the world. 2B Think about it! Reflita sobre o desenvolvimento do projeto a partir das questões a seguir. Como você se sentiu ao pesquisar roupas tradicionais do Brasil e do mundo? O que você aprendeu sobre diferentes culturas com essa pesquisa? Como foi a exposição do mapa na escola? Como as pessoas reagiram ao mapa? Você faria alguma coisa de modo diferente? Em caso afirmativo, o quê? Scottish kilt • Originated in the 16th Century • Usually worn on formal occasions and at sports events • Adapted as an item of fashionable informal male clothing in recent years SCOTLAND Belfast Glasgow Edinburgh Prestopans Newcastle upon Tyne Gretna Green Aberdeen Perth Stirling Falkirk Ferness GRAMPIAN TAYSIDE HIGHLANDS ENGLAND NORTHERN IRELAND North Sea Orkney Islands Hebrides 5¼ W 55¼ N Shetland Islands ATLANTIC OCEAN North Channel 0 110 km N Michal Durinik/Shutterstock/Glow Images Banco de imagens/Arquivo da editora Project 2B 153 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_148a153_Review4.indd 153 5/13/15 9:26 AM
154 Internet Slang 2DAY 4EVER B4 BFF B4N bye for now CYA see ya / see you FYI for your information GR8 IDK I don’t know ILU IMO in my opinion IMHO in my humble opinion K OK LOL PLS SRY sorry THX / THKS TXT text U2 UR XOXO Y why ZZZ sleeping Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 154 12/05/15 10:58
Vocabulary Corner 155 Musical Instruments keyboard trumpet bagpipe harp My favorite musical instrument is . Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 155 12/05/15 10:58
156 Holidays Valentine's Day Labor Day My favorite holiday is . Leo Caldas/Pulsar Imagens Syda Productions/Shutterstock/Glow Images Zerbor/Shutterstock/Glow Images dwph/Shutterstock/Glow Images Poznyakov/Shutterstock/Glow Images Volt Collection/Shutterstock/Glow Images Alexandre Tokitaka/Pulsar Imagens Tiplyashina Evgeniya/Shutterstock/Glow Images Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 156 12/05/15 10:58
Vocabulary Corner 157 Action Verbs have lunch do homework have dinner go to school take a shower I usually at . Aleksandr Markin/Shutterstock/Glow Images bikeriderlondon/Shutterstock/Glow Images PathDoc/Shutterstock/Glow Images Steve Debenport/E+/Getty Images Ronnie Kaufman, Larry Hirshowitz/Brand X/Getty Images Ljupco Smokovski/Shutterstock/Glow Images Debbie Oetgen/Shutterstock/Glow Images MJTH/Shutterstock/Glow Images Eldad Carin/Shutterstock/Glow Images Doug Martin/Science Source/Getty Images Pavel Semenov/Shutterstock/Glow Images Debbie Oetgen/Shutterstock/Glow Images Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 157 12/05/15 10:58
158 The Body I have hair and eyes. nose shoulder mouth thigh knee toes /plural: Piotr Marcinski/ Shutterstock/Glow Images Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 158 12/05/15 10:58
Vocabulary Corner 159 Sports skateboarding cycling My favorite sport is . fstockfoto/Shutterstock/Glow Images Suzanne Tucker/Shutterstock/Glow Images Neale Cousland/Shutterstock/Glow Images Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock/Glow Images wdeon/Shutterstock/Glow Images Monkey Business Images/Shutterstock/Glow Images Sergey Golotvin/Shutterstock/Glow Images pirita/Shutterstock/Glow Images PhotoStock10/Shutterstock/Glow Images Abel Tumik/Shutterstock/Glow Images Sainthorant Daniel/Shutterstock/Glow Images Hugo Felix/Shutterstock/Glow Images Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 159 12/05/15 10:58
160 Clothes a cap a shirt socks a hat shoes shorts glasses a jacket underwear I’m wearing right now. [1] uremar/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] Tarzhanova/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] pbombaert/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [4] Steve Collender/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [5] Coprid/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [6] Rob Wilson/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [7] sagir/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [8] Karkas/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [9] Mindscape studio/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [10] Kutlayev Dmitry/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [11] PhotoNAN/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [12] kedrov/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [13] Evikka/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [14] mama_mia/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [15] Gemenacom/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [16] sagir/Shutterstock/Glow Images. [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [9] [13] [14] [15] [16] [10] [11] [12] [7] [8] Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 160 12/05/15 10:59
Vocabulary Corner 161 Tourist Attractions forest zoo bridge monument square The main tourist attraction in my town is . Ismar Ingber/Pulsar Imagens Fabio Colombini/Acervo do fotógrafo cifotart/Shutterstock/Glow Images Thiago Leite/Shutterstock/Glow Images Rubens Chaves/Pulsar Imagens Filipe Frazao/Shutterstock/Glow Images Inacio Teixeira/Pulsar Imagens Paulo Nabas/Shutterstock/Glow Images Ed Viggiani/Pulsar Imagens Palê Zuppani/Pulsar Imagens ostill/Shutterstock/Glow Images Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 161 12/05/15 10:59
162 Food Dairy Fruit butter grapefruit melon blackberries kiwi blueberries [1] Igor Kovalchuk/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] Alexandr Vlassyuk/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] Sommai/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [4] mexrix/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [5] Dionisvera/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [6] John Smith Design/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [7] unverdorben jr/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [8] Alex Staroseltsev/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [9] Maks Narodenko/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [10] Tim UR/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [11] Julia Ivantsova/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [12] svetok30/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [13] Viktar Malyshchyts/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [14] Valentyn Volkov/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [15] mama_mia/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [16] Anna Kucherova/Shutterstock/Glow Images. [1] [2] 3] [4] [5] [9] [10] [13] [14] [15] [16] [11] [12] [6] [7] [8] Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 162 12/05/15 10:59
Vocabulary Corner 163 Vegetables sweetcorn/corn/maize plums cauliflower potato eggplant/aubergine beetroot/beet onion swede/rutabaga/turnip okra/lady‘s fingers cabbage [1] Valentina Proskurina/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] Maks Narodenko/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] Aleksey Troshin/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [4] Egor Rodynchenko/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [5] George_C/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [6] Africa Studio/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [7] Anna Kucherova/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [8] Fatseyeva/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [9] Viktar Malyshchyts/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [10] Valentina Razumova/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [11] Egor Rodynchenko/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [12] Gavran333/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [13] Portogas D Ace/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [14] Hong Vo/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [15] Jiang Hongyan/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [16] Dmitrydesign/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [17] Africa Studio/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [18] xpixel/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [19] Jian Hongyan/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [20] Maks Narodenko/Shutterstock/Glow Images. [2] [3] [4] [5] [8] [7] [6] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [17] [18] [19] [20] [14] [15] [16] [1] Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 163 12/05/15 10:59
164 Grains Meat and Beans pork black beans ham beef pasta My favorite food is . crackers [1] Zurbagan/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] Asier Romero/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] ; nito/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [4] Inga Nielsen/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [5] PanStock/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [6] Brian Kinney/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [7] robynleigh/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [8] Danny Smythe/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [9] Dan Kosmayer/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [10] Kondor83/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [11] gosphotodesign/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [12] Juan G. Aunion/Shutterstock/Glow Images. [1] [3] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [4] [5] [2] Em inglês, existem palavras diferentes para denominar os animais e a carne que deles se obtém: do porco, obtém-se pork; do boi, beef. tip Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_154a164_Vocabulary Corner.indd 164 12/05/15 11:00
Language Reference in Context Review: verb to be, can, imperative Leia o texto a seguir e observe o uso do verb to be, do verbo modal can e do imperative. Available at: <http://stopcyberbullying.org/take_action/take_a_stand_against_cyberbullying.html>. Accessed in: December 2014. (fragment) No texto, o verb to be é usado na forma afirmativa (is) e na forma negativa (is not). • Usamos o verb to be para expressar ser ou estar. “The first place to begin an education campaign is with the kids ...” “silence [...] is not acceptable.” No texto, o verbo modal can, em “words can hurt you”, se refere à capacidade que as palavras têm de machucar as pessoas. • Podemos usar o verbo modal can para indicar: – capacidade. “Education can help considerably in preventing [...] cyberbullying.” She can swim very well. – permissão. Can I go to the toilet, please? Can I ask a question? Take a stand against cyberbullying Education can help considerably in preventing and dealing with the consequences of cyberbullying. The first place to begin an education campaign is with the kids and teens themselves. [...] If we can help kids understand how much bullying hurts, how in many cases (unlike the children’s chant) words can hurt you, fewer may cooperate with the cyberbullies. [...] We need to teach our children that silence, when others are being hurt, is not acceptable. [...] http://stopcyberbullying.org Reprodu•‹o/<www.stopcyberbullying.org> 165 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 165 12/05/15 11:03
No texto, o imperative é usado em “Take a stand against cyberbullying” para incentivar as pessoas a combaterem o cyberbullying. • Podemos usar o imperative para dar dicas, conselhos, alertas, ordens e instruções. Em frases negativas no imperativo, usamos don’t ou do not antes do verbo principal. Stop cyberbullying. Don’t suffer in silence. Speak up! Extra Practice Complete the following sentences with the words in the box below. can • can • is • are • block • report a. Cyberbullying a serious problem. b. Cyberbullying occur anywhere (at home, school etc.). c. In the US, cyberbullying have very serious legal consequences. d. Often, people who are victims also bullies. e. incidents of cyberbullying. f. the cyberbully’s email address or cell phone number. Available at: <www.helpguide.org/articles/abuse/cyberbullying.htm>. Accessed in: December 2014. Present Continuous Leia o texto a seguir e observe o uso do Present Continuous. THAVES, Bob; THAVES, Tom. July 27, 2007. Available at: <www.gocomics.com/frankandernest/2007/07/27>. Accessed in: December 2014. No cartum, as falas dos personagens estão no Present Continuous para perguntar (“What are you doing, Ernie?”) e descrever (“I’m trying to make every dollar count!”) o que Ernie está fazendo no momento da fala. • Usamos o Present Continuous para: – falar de ações que ocorrem no momento da fala/escrita. He is teaching Math right now. They are talking about money. © 2007 Thaves/Dist. by Universal Uclick for UFS 166 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 166 12/05/15 11:03
Language Reference in Context – expressar mudanças que ocorrem momentaneamente (tendências atuais). Green fashion is becoming more and more popular. Many people are wearing eco-friendly clothes these days. Forma afirmativa I am He / She / It is becoming popular. You / We / They are – Em frases negativas, usamos not depois do verb to be (am / is / are) e antes do verbo principal. I'm not wearing my school uniform today. She isn't working now. Forma negativa I am He / She / It is not becoming popular. You / We / They are (am not = ’m not ; is not = isn’t ; are not = aren’t) – Em frases interrogativas, usamos o verb to be (am / is / are) antes do sujeito. Are you wearing your school uniform today? No, I’m not. Is he working now? No, he isn’t. Forma interrogativa Am I Is he / she / it becoming popular? Are you / we / they Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa Yes, I am. No, I ‘m not. he / she / it is. he / she / it isn’t. you / we / they are. you / we / they aren’t. Veja, no quadro a seguir, as regras ortográficas para verbos terminados em -ing. Regras ortográficas para verbos terminados em -ing Exemplos A maioria dos verbos: verbo + ing do doing try trying Verbos terminados em e: verbo – e + ing come coming become becoming Verbos terminados em consoante + vogal + consoante: verbo + última consoante + ing stop stopping swim swimming Verbos terminados em ie: verbo – ie + y + ing die dying lie lying 167 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 167 12/05/15 11:03
Present Simple (I / you / we / they) Leia a seguir dois fatos sobre animais e observe o uso do Present Simple. Extra Practice In each item below, put the words into the correct order to make sentences. a. English. / studying / He / is b. phone? / the / Are / on / talking / you c. today. / her / isn’t / shoes / red / She / wearing d. games. / We / playing / are / computer Male lions sleep for twenty hours a day. Hippos use their sweat as sunscreen. Available at: <www.lolme.org/gifs/12-awesome-animal-facts/>. Accessed in: December 2014. As duas frases acima apresentam fatos sobre dois animais: leões e hipopótamos. Nelas, encontramos os verbos to sleep e to use na 3a pessoa do plural do Present Simple (sleep e use). • Usamos o Present Simple para: – falar de fatos e generalizações. Hippos typically live for around 45 years. Hippos eat mostly grass. – falar de rotinas, hábitos, ações do dia a dia. They always drink water. They have breakfast every morning. Forma afirmativa I / You / We / They live in Brazil. • Em frases negativas com I / You / We / They, usamos don't (= do not) antes do verbo principal. Note que o verbo principal está em sua forma básica. Hippos don't swim. Giant pandas don't hibernate. Forma negativa I / You / We / They don’t swim. Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora 168 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 168 12/05/15 11:03
Language Reference in Context • Em frases interrogativas com I / You / We / They, usamos Do antes do sujeito. Note que o verbo principal está em sua forma básica. Do hippos give birth in water? Yes, they do. Do giant pandas hibernate? No, they don't. Forma interrogativa Do I / you / we / they swim? Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa Yes, I / you / we / they do. No, I / you / we / they don’t. Extra Practice Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Present Simple tense. a. Snakes their tongues to help them smell. (use) b. Parrots vocal cords. (not have) c. A hamster’s teeth never growing. (stop) d. Western Hognose snakes dead when they feel threatened. (play) e. Dogs often when they are nervous or excited. (yawn) Available at: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. 5,000 Awesome Facts (About Everything!). Washington, D.C.: National Geographic, 2012. pp. 202-203. Present Simple (He / She / It) Leia o texto a seguir e observe o uso do Present Simple. DAVIS, Jim. Garfield. Available at: <http://garfield.com/comic/2013-10-31>. Accessed in: December 2014. Nos dois primeiros quadrinhos da tirinha, encontramos o verbo to sleep na 3 a pessoa do singular do Present Simple (sleeps). Note que esse tempo verbal é utilizado no texto acima para descrever que o gato vampiro dorme durante todo o dia (e noite). Forma afirmativa He / She / It sleeps all day. © 2013 Paws, Inc. All Rights Reserved/ Dist. Universal Uclick stock_shot/Shutterstock/Glow Images 169 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 169 12/05/15 11:03
Respostas curtas Afirmativa Negativa Yes, he / she / it does. No, he / she / it doesn’t. Veja, no quadro a seguir, as regras ortográficas para verbos na 3a pessoa do singular do Present Simple. Regras ortográficas para verbos na 3a pessoa do singular Exemplos A maioria dos verbos: verbo + s sleep sleeps buy buys eat eats drink drinks Verbos terminados em o, s, z, x, sh, ch: verbo + es do does miss misses buzz buzzes fix fixes wash washes catch catches Verbos terminados em consoante + y: verbo – y + ies study studies cry cries Exceção have has Extra Practice Complete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Present Simple tense. a. A cat 230 bones in its body. A human 206. (have) b. Adult cats 30 teeth. (have) c. A cat almost never at another cat. (meow) d. On average, a cat for about 12 to 15 years. (live) e. A cat about 100 different sounds. (make) f. Cats about 14 hours a day. (sleep) g. A cat against people to mark out its territory. (rub) Available at: <http://facts.randomhistory.com/interesting-facts-about-cats.html>. Accessed in: December 2014. • Em frases negativas com He / She / It, usamos doesn't (= does not) antes do verbo principal. Note que o verbo principal está em sua forma básica. Garfield doesn't sleep all day. The vampire cat doesn't attack people. Forma negativa He / She / It doesn’t sleep all day. • Em frases interrogativas com He / She / It, usamos Does antes do sujeito. Note que o verbo principal está em sua forma básica. Does the vampire cat sleep all day? Yes, he does. Does Garfield sleep all day? No, he doesn't. Forma interrogativa Does he / she / it sleep all day? Renata Apanaviciene/Shutterstock/ Glow Images 170 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 170 12/05/15 11:03
Language Reference in Context Object Pronouns Leia o cartaz a seguir e observe o uso do object pronoun it. Available at: <http://fitnessaustralia.groupsite.com/post/talking-to-thepublic-about-their-health-and-fitness>. Accessed in: December 2014. No cartaz, it se refere à palavra exercise. Os object pronouns correspondem, em português, aos pronomes pessoais do caso oblíquo. Costuma-se usá-los para evitar repetição. • Usamos esses pronomes para fazer referência a um termo anterior. – My brother is a talented swimmer. I admire him very much. – Marta is a famous soccer player. People call her “Pelé with skirts”. Veja, no quadro a seguir, os object pronouns. Subject Pronouns I you he she it we you they Object Pronouns me you him her it us you them object pronoun my brother (= he) object pronoun Marta (= she) Reprodu•‹o/Fitness Australia 171 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 171 12/05/15 11:03
Present Simple or Present Continuous? Leia o texto a seguir e observe o uso do Present Simple e do Present Continuous. DAVIS, Jim. Garfield. Available at: <http://garfield.com/comic/2013-11-26>. Accessed in: December 2014. Na tirinha, Jon utiliza o Present Simple para falar de ações e estados permanentes como o fato de ter um gato e de ele ser grande e laranja. Já o Present Continuous é utilizado para Jon descrever o que Garfield está vestindo naquele momento específico. • Usamos, geralmente, o Present Simple para ações permanentes como fatos, hábitos e ações do dia a dia. “Yes, I have a cat.” “Yes, heÕs big and orange.” “this signifies a rite of passage” • Usamos, geralmente, o Present Continuous para ações temporárias como mudanças e ações em desenvolvimento no presente. “Yes, heÕs wearing a necklace.” Extra Practice Complete each sentence below with the correct object pronoun. a. Exercise is good for your physical and mental health. Do regularly. b. Sarah Menezes is a Brazilian judoka. Do you know ? c. They can’t swim. Help ! d. Usain Bolt is a Jamaican sprinter. People know as “Lightning Bolt”. Extra Practice Complete the following sentences about the comic strip above with the correct form of the verbs in parentheses. Use the Present Simple or the Present Continuous tense. a. Garfield and Jon together. (live) b. Jon on the phone at the moment. (talk) c. Garfield always jokes. (make) d. Jon a blue shirt. (wear) © 2013 Paws, Inc. All Rights Reserved/ Dist. Universal Uclick 172 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 172 12/05/15 11:03
Language Reference in Context Question Words Leia as piadas a seguir e observe o uso de question words How e What. Q. How do bees get to school? A. On the school buzz. Q. What do planets read? A. Comet books. From: NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC KIDS. Just Joking: 300 Hilarious Jokes, Tricky Tongue Twisters, and Ridiculous riddles. Washington D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2012. pp. 32, 43. Na primeira piada, o pronome interrogativo how é usado para perguntar como as abelhas vão para a escola. Na segunda piada, what é usado para perguntar o que os planetas leem. Veja, no quadro a seguir, a ordem dos elementos em perguntas com questions words. Question word Verbo auxiliar Sujeito Verbo principal Complemento How do bees get to school? What do planets read? ///////////////////////////////////// How often does she watch television? Where can I catch the train? Extra Practice In each item below, put the words into the correct order to make sentences. a. do / know / bees / What / you / about / ? b. Where / I / buy / to / can / tickets / Corcovado / ? c. bike / her / How often / does / school / ride / to / she / ? Ilustra•›es: Galv‹o Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora 173 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 173 12/05/15 11:03
Sugary foods Like fat, sugar is a concentrated source of energy. It is found in foods such as jam, sweets, cakes, chocolate, and cookies. The psychological benefits of eating these foods are obvious – they taste lovely! However, too much sugar causes tooth decay, obesity, and mood swings so it is important to limit your intake. From: GRAIMES, Nicola. Kids’ Fun & Healthy Cookbook. New York: DK Publishing, 2007. p. 15. Countable and Uncountable Nouns Leia o texto a seguir e observe o uso do substantivo sugar. No texto, a palavra sugar aparece em “sugar is a concentrated source of energy” e em “too much sugar causes tooth decay”. Note que sugar é um substantivo incontável (uncountable), sendo utilizado no singular (no caso, acompanhado pelo verbo is) e com expressões incontáveis (no caso, acompanhado da expressão de quantidade too much). • Os substantivos podem ser classificados em countable (contáveis) ou uncountable (incontáveis). Os substantivos contáveis têm singular e plural. Os incontáveis são usados apenas no singular. Veja, no quadro a seguir, alguns substantivos contáveis e incontáveis do texto. Countable nouns Uncountable nouns sweets cakes cookies sugar jam chocolate [1] John Kasawa/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [2] Ivaschenko Roman/Shutterstock/Glow Images; [3] Evdokimov Maxim/Shutterstock/Glow Images limit your intake. Juice [1] [2] Jam Lollipops [3] 174 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 174 12/05/15 11:03
Language Reference in Context Expressions of Quantity Leia o texto anterior e observe o uso da expressão “too much sugar”. No texto, a expressão too much acompanha o substantivo incontável sugar e expressa ideia de excesso, exagero. No caso, se refere ao consumo de açúcar em excesso. • As expressões com much (como too much, not much e how much) são utilizadas com substantivos incontáveis. As expressões com many (como too many, not many e how many) são utilizadas com substantivos contáveis. Veja, no quadro a seguir, algumas expressions of quantity. Expressions of quantity + countable nouns Expressions of quantity + uncountable nouns too many = an excessive number/quantity not many = a few How many...? too much = an excessive amount not much = a little How much...? Extra Practice 1 Mark the sentence that contains an uncountable noun. a. Broccoli is rich in vitamin C. b. It’s important to eat vegetables every day. c. Eat an apple a day and keep the doctor away. 2 Complete the sentences below with much or many. a. How water do you drink a day? b. Don’t eat too salt. It’s bad for your health. c. How servings of fruit do you eat a day? Not . Galvão Bertazzi/Arquivo da editora 175 WTE_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_165a175_Language reference.indd 175 21/04/16 12:09
Este glossário apresenta uma seleção de palavras e expressões utilizadas no livro, acompanhadas do sentido com que são utilizadas nele. Algumas dessas palavras podem ser utilizadas em mais de um sentido. A achieve: atingir, alcançar add: adicionar, acrescentar ⇨ add up to: totalizar addiction: vício afraid: temeroso, com medo agree: concordar aide: ajudante, assistente allow: permitir alongside: ao lado (de) already: já amazed: admirado(a) amount: quantidade; quantia ancient: antigo(a) anger: raiva angry: zangado(a) appealing: atraente arrange: arrumar; organizar astonishing: assombroso(a) attend: comparecer a avenue: avenida average: média; médio avoid: evitar B backyard: quintal baggy: largo(a) barrier: barreira beat: batimento; bater befriend: fazer amizade com behave: comportar-se bench: banco blender: liquidificador blind: cego(a) blood: sangue ⇨ blood pressure: pressão arterial ⇨ blood stream: corrente sanguínea ⇨ blood vessel: vaso sanguíneo board game: jogo de tabuleiro bone: osso booklet: folheto boost: aumentar boot: chutar ⇨ boot out: mandar embora bothered: incomodado(a) ⇨ I’m not bothered (BrE): para mim tanto faz bowl: tigela breathe: respirar bright: brilhante broadcast: transmissão; programa buck the trend: ir contra a corrente busy: ocupado, atarefado buzz: zumbir 176 Glossary Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 176 5/13/15 9:26 AM
C candy: doce care: cuidado careful: cuidadoso(a), atento(a) carefully: cuidadosamente, atentamente carry: carregar, transportar ⇨ carry on: continuar; seguir em frente catchy: que pega fácil; fácil de memorizar cell: célula chain: corrente chalk: giz ⇨ chalk board: quadro-negro challenge: desafio; desafiar chant: canção chase: perseguir cheer up: animar-se chop: picar chorus: coro, em coro citizen: cidadão cliff: penhasco climb: subir; escalar close: perto, próximo; fechar(-se) ⇨ close by: perto coast: costa college: faculdade commissioner: comissário(a); encarregado(a) de um departamento communal: comum contest: concurso; disputa cope (with something/someone): dar conta (de algo); enfrentar algo/alguém costume: fantasia; traje típico cove: enseada cover: capa; coberta; cobrir; tapar cross: atravessar; cruzar current: atual customer: cliente cut: cortar ⇨ cut back: fazer cortes; reduzir cutlery: talheres D dairy: laticínio decay: cárie decrease: diminuir deep: fundo, profundo; muito profundo delighted: encantado(a) design: desenhar; criar device: aparelho; dispositivo dirt: sujeira; terra disease: doença dish: prato disorder: desordem; distúrbio display: exibir; expor draft: rascunho, esboço drench: ensopar drop: soltar; largar; abandonar drummer: baterista dry: seco(a) dune: duna E ease: aliviar edge: borda; margem either: qualquer um dos dois emaciated: definhado(a), caquético(a) embarass: constranger, envergonhar embarassing: constrangedor(a) embellish: embelezar Glossary 177 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 177 5/13/15 9:26 AM
empowerment: empoderamento endeavor: empenho; empenhar-se endurance: resist•ncia enhance: aumentar; melhorar; real•ar entry: entrada even though: apesar de exchange: trocar eyesight: vis‹o F fall: cair ⇨ fall apart: desfazer-se; fazer-se em peda•os feast: banquete; fazer um banquete feat: proeza, fa•anha feather: pena feed: alimentar fiber: fibra fill in: completar fingernail: unha da m‹o fit: caber, servir fitness: boa forma (f’sica) fizzy drink: refrigerante folate: ‡cido f—lico foreign: estrangeiro(a) former: antigo, anterior forward: para frente; jogador atacante ⇨ look forward to: aguardar, esperar (ansiosamente) fringe: margem; franja frozen: congelado(a) G gadget: aparelho, dispositivo gather: juntar get: receber; obter; conseguir ⇨ get along with someone: dar-se bem (com alguŽm) give: dar ⇨ give out: distribuir go: ir ⇨ go on: continuar, seguir em frente ⇨ go out: sair; apagar-se goal: objetivo goodness: valor nutritivo grain: cereais grove: arvoredo grow: crescer; cultivar ⇨ grow up: crescer guest: convidado; h—spede gum: gengiva; chiclete gut: intestino ⇨ gut feeling: intui•‹o H handicraft: artesanato handy: h‡bil hard: duro harm: prejudicar harmful: prejudicial, nocivo height: altura hem: bainha (da cal•a) hibernate: hibernar highlight: destaque household: domŽstico hug: abra•o; abra•ar huge: enorme hurt: doer, machucar hurtful: ofensivo, cruel 178 Glossary Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 178 5/13/15 9:26 AM
I improve: melhorar increase: aumentar; subir indulge: dar-se ao luxo/capricho (de algo) instead: em vez disso ⇨ instead of: em vez de, em lugar de issue: questão J jam: geleia jams: pijama jaw-dropping: de cair o queixo joint: articulação, junta joke: piada joy: alegria K keep: manter key: chave; fundamental kind: gentil, cordial knowledge: conhecimento L label: rotular landscape: paisagem lane: pista, faixa lately: ultimamente laugh: rir laze about/around: ficar à toa leisure: lazer length: comprimento lightbulb: lâmpada lighthouse: farol lipstick: batom lively: alegre, animado lock: trancar locker: guarda-volumes; armário lower: baixar luck: sorte lung: pulmão M major: principal manage: gerenciar marvel: maravilhar-se (com algo) match: relacionar, correlacionar matter: questão, assunto; importar meal: refeição measure: medir; calcular media: meios de comunicação medium: médio(a); meio might: pode (ser que) move: mover(-se); mudar(-se) de local ⇨ move forward: avançar muscle: músculo N non-profit: sem fins lucrativos northeastern: nordeste 0 office: escritório olive oil: azeite outfit: roupa, traje outlook: perspectiva outrageous: abusivo(a) overall: geral, total Glossary 179 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 179 5/13/15 9:26 AM
overcoming: superação own: próprio(a); possuir, ter ownership: propriedade P pace: ritmo paddle: remo; remar pain: dor pale: pálido(a); claro(a) parade: desfile park: parque; estacionar parking (lot): estacionamento pass by: passar (por) peanut: amendoim peel: pele; descascar perform: desempenhar; executar perhaps: talvez pin: alfinete; prender, segurar plain: liso(a); puro(a) pleased: contente, feliz plenty: bastante poetry: poesia polite: educado, gentil poll: pesquisa; votação pose: causar (problema, dificuldade) pour: despejar power: poder; luz, eletricidade print: impresso; imprimir promenade: calçadão (da orla marítima) proud: orgulhoso(a) provide: oferecer pulp: polpa (de fruta) purpose: propósito, objetivo push: apertar, pressionar; promover Q quack: fraudulento, charlatão queen: rainha quick: rápido(a) R rail: ferrovia; trilho rainbow: arco-íris raise: criar range: gama reach: alcançar realize: dar-se conta (de), perceber recipe: receita recording: gravação refuse: negar-se (a fazer algo); recusar, rejeitar rehearsal: ensaio relative: relativo; parente reliable: seguro, confiável relieve: aliviar replace: substituir report: relatar; denunciar rescue: resgatar, salvar resemble: parecer(-se) com resource: recurso rest: resto; descansar reveal: revelar rhyme: rima; rimar ribbon: fita rid: eliminar algo de algo ride: andar de; montar a rip: rasgar roar: estrondo; barulho; rugido; rugir role: papel 180 Glossary Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 180 5/13/15 9:26 AM
row: linha, fileira ⇨ in a row: enfileirado rush: correr S sand: areia scared: assustado(a) school board: mural escolar scratch: arranhar(-se) ⇨ from scratch: (começar) do zero screen: tela scrub: esfregar seam: costura self-esteem: autoestima sensitive: sensível serving: porção setting: configuração (informática) several: vários(as) shallow: raso(a); superficial shanty-town: favela share: compartilhar sharp: afiado(a) shave: barbear(-se); depilar(-se) shelter: abrigo, refúgio show: mostrar, exibir ⇨ show up: aparecer, dar as caras sight: visão silk: seda slang: gíria slice: fatia smooth: suave; uniforme; sem caroços smoothie: vitamina (bebida) snack: lanche sneeze: espirro; espirrar soap: sabão, sabonete soap opera: novela solely: unicamente solve: resolver sort: classificar source: fonte speech: fala; discurso spell: soletrar sponsor: patrocinador(a); patrocinar spot: marca; lugar spread: espalhar sprinter: velocista stand: permanecer ⇨ stand up to someone: fazer frente a alguém standard: padrão step: passo; pisar stitch: ponto; costurar store: armazenar, guardar; loja stormy: tempestuoso(a) straight: reto(a); em linha reta strand: fio strength: força, ponto forte stretch: estender(-se); esticar(-se) stroke: derrame sum: soma, total ⇨ sum something up: resumir (algo) support: apoiar; sustentar surround: cercar, rodear swallow: engolir swap: troca; trocar sweet: meigo, gentil; doce T tap: bater levemente tap dance: sapateado taste: sabor Glossary 181 Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 181 5/13/15 9:26 AM
tasty: saboroso(a) teamwork: trabalho em equipe tease: provocar, importunar teaspoon: colher de chá thick: grosso; denso thought: pensamento threat: ameaça threaten: ameaçar through: atravŽs de, por throughout: por todo, durante todo throw: atirar; jogar ⇨ throw away: jogar fora thunderous: estrondoso(a) tongue twister: trava-língua tool: ferramenta toothbrush: escova de dentes tough: duro(a); resistente; firme; difícil trac: trato trade: trocar tray: bandeja trim: aparar; podar trip: viagem turkey: peru U (be) unaware (of something): desconhecer algo unforgettable: inesquecível unspoiled: intacto(a); não destruído(a) upper: superior V vacationer: pessoa que está de fŽrias, turista value: valorizar; valor viable: viável W warning: advert•ncia wealth: riqueza weigh: pesar weight: peso well-being: bem-estar whenever: sempre que whether: se whistle: assobiar whiz: bater o liquidificador na velocidade máxima whole: todo, inteiro; integral wide: amplo(a) wild: selvagem wipe: esfregar; enxugar ⇨ wipe out: perder o controle wish: desejo; desejar wood: madeira wooden: de madeira worldwide: pelo mundo todo workout: ginástica, treino Y yet: ainda; contudo 182 Glossary Apple_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 182 5/13/15 9:26 AM
Este índice remissivo aponta os tópicos gramaticais trabalhados nos quatro livros da coleção. Os tópicos trabalhados neste livro são indicados pelo número da página. Os tópicos trabalhados nos livros do 6o , 8o e 9o anos remetem apenas a esses livros. adverbs of frequency 61 comparatives 8 o spelling rules for comparative adjectives 8o conditional sentences 9 o first conditional 9o second conditional 9o countable and uncountable nouns 141 expressions of quantity 143 Future with will 8 o genitive case 6 o Imperative 6 o ; 25 modal verbs 6 o ; 26; 9o can 6o ; 26 must, have to, should 9 o passive voice 9 o Past Continuous 8 o Past Simple 8 o ; 9o to be (was/were) 8o ; 9o regular verbs 8o ; 9o irregular verbs 8o ; 9o and Past Continuous 8o and Present Perfect 9o plurals 6 o prepositions of place 6 o Present Continuous 39 spelling rules for verbs in the -ing form 41 Present Perfect 9 o and Past Simple 9o irregular verbs 9o since/for 9 o Present Simple 59, 73, 93, 107; 8o and Present Continuous 107; 8o spelling rules for verbs in the 3rd person singular 74 pronouns 6 o ; 95; 8o object pronouns 95 possessive adjectives 6o reflexive pronouns 9o relative pronouns 9o subject pronouns 6o question words 6 o ; 127 superlatives 8 o spelling rules for superlative adjectives 8o there is/there are 6 o ; 25 verb to be 6 o ; 25 affirmative form 6o interrogative form 6o negative form 6o Index 183 WTE_Ingles_Vol7_PNLD2017_176a184_finais.indd 183 13/05/15 15:09
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