combinepdf (2)

Std-IX

Wind

Subramani Bharati
Translated by A K Ramanujan

1. What are the things the wind does in the first
stanza?

Answer: In the first stanza the wind breaks the
shutters of the windows, scatters the papers, throws
down the books on the shelf and tears the pages of
the books.

2. What does the poet say the wind god winnows?
Answer: The wind god winnows and separates the
weak from the strong like the husk from the grain. It
crumbles anything that is frail-doors, houses, rafters
wood, bodies, lives and even weak hearts. Only the
strong and courageous can survive the force of the
wind.

3. What should we do to make friends with the wind?
Answer: To make friends with the wind we should be
physically and mentally strong. we should build strong
homes, joint the doors firmly, practise to firm the
body and make our heart steadfast.

4. What do the last four lines of the poem mean to
you?
Answer: The last four lines emphasize on the need to
be physically and mentally strong. The poet reiterates
that the wind will only destroy all that is weak as the
challenges of life break down only the weak and
cowardly. The strong and the courageous shine in the
face of adversity and emerge victorious. We can make
the wind our friend and use its strength to our
advantage.

VALUE BASED QUESTION
What message does the poet convey through his
depiction of the Winds destructive force?
Answer: The poet, Subramani Bharati has stressed the
need for man to be physically, mentally and
emotionally strong during adversities and challenges
of life. Just as the wind strikes with all its might and
destroys all that is frail in its path, similarly life
shatters those who are weak and cowardly. But those
who are mentally and physically strong are fortified
and protected against the destructive forces of
disasters. Winners are made of sterner stuff and do

not surrender before difficulties in life. They fight with
every bit of strength and eventually surpass all
hurdles that life challenges them with.

DAV School
Sree nandeeswarar campus

Adambakkam, Chennai-88

i.Answer the questions in 30-40 words:

1.Why did Aurangzeb ban the playing of the Pungi?
Ans: Aurangzeb banned the playing of the Pungi, due to its shrill,
unpleasant sound.

2. How is Shehnai different from a Pungi?
Ans: Shehnai has a better tonal quality than Pungi. It is made from a
natural, hollow stem, which is longer and broader than Pungi. Shehnai
is an improved version of the Pungi.

3.Where was the Shehnai played traditionally? How did Bismillah
Khan change this?
Ans: Shehnai was traditionally played in the temples of Varanasi.
Bismillah changed it by creating ragas and playing it on the Shehnai.
He brought it onto the classical stage.

4. When and how did Bismillah Khan get his big break?
Ans: The opening of the All India Radio in Lucknow in 1938 was a
big break for Bismillah Khan. He became an often heard Shehnai
player on radio.

5. Where did Bismillah Khan play the Shehnai on 15th August 1947?
Why was the event historic?

Ans: Bismillah Khan played the Shehnai at the Red Fort in Delhi, on
the 15th August 1947. He became the first Indian to greet the nation
with his Shehnai.

6. Why did Bismillah Khan refuse to start a Shehnai school in the
U.S.A?

Ans: Bismillah Khan was a true patriot. He did not want to leave
India, especially the banks of the river Ganga and settle elsewhere. He
visited the U.S.A many times, but he always missed Hindustan, when
he was abroad.

7.Find two instances in the text which tells you that Bismillah Khan
loves India and Benares.

Ans: Bismillah Khan loved India and Benares. He says that he misses
the holy river Ganga, when he goes abroad. While he is in Mumbai,
he thinks of only Benares and the holy river. When he is in Benares,
he remembers Dumroan. Thus, he was attached to India in all
respects.

Value based question.

8. How does the lesson ‘The Sound of Music’ bring out Bismillah
Khan’s deep love for his country?

Bismillah Khan is rightly credited with elevating the Shehnai to its
international fame. He observed his uncle Ali Bux and mastered the
instrument through rigorous practise. He would practise the Shehnai
on the banks of the river Ganga and create new ragas on it. His hard
work and determination took him to unbelievable heights. He was
awarded with the highest civilian award, the Bharat Ratna.

Bismillah Khan is a true inspiration to the young generation because
he was a true patriot. Though he travelled throughout the world and
was recognised worldwide, he never thought of leaving his
motherland and settling elsewhere. He was fond of Benares and

Dumroan. He remained rooted to the soil. He loved his country and its
rich heritage. He was a unique symbol of secularism, humility and
patriotism.

D.A.V. SCHOOL

SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS

ADAMBAKKAM – CHENNAI

CLASS :IX ENGLISH

The Sound of Music

Part 1- Evelyn Glennie Listens to Sound without Hearing It

I. Answer these questions in a few words or a couple of sentences each.

1. How old was Evelyn when she went to the Royal Academy of Music?

Answer

Evelyn was seventeen years old when she went to the Royal Academy of Music in
London.

2. When was her deafness first noticed? When was it confirmed?

Answer

Her deafness was first noticed when she was eight years old and it was confirmed
when she was eleven.

II. Answer each of these questions in a short paragraph (30–40 words).

1. Who helped her to continue with music? What did he do and say?

Answer

Percussionist Ron Forbes helped Evelyn to continue with music. He began by
tuning two large drums to different notes. He asked her not to listen to them through
her ears but to try and sense the sound in some other manner.

2. Name the various places and causes for which Evelyn performs.

Answer

Evelyn, with a hectic international schedule, gives solo performances at regular
concerts. Apart from these, she gives free concerts in prisons and hospitals. She also
accords high priority to classes for young musicians.

III. Answer the question in two or three paragraphs (100–150 words).

1. How does Evelyn hear music?

Answer

Evelyn heard music by sensing the notes in different parts of her body. When Ron
Forbes tuned two drums to different notes and asked her to sense the sound without
using her ears, she realized that she could feel the higher drum from the waist up and
the lower drum from the waist down. She learnt how to open her mind and body to
sounds and vibrations. It was sheer determination and hard work.

When she played the xylophone, she could sense the sound passing up the stick into
her fingertips. By leaning against the drums, she could feel the resonances flowing into
her body. On a wooden platform, she removed her shoes so that the vibrations could
pass through her bare feet and up her legs. She herself said that music poured in
through every part of her body. It tingled in the skin, her cheekbones and even in her
hair.

VALUE BASED QUESTION

1.What traits of Evelyn’s personality enabled her to overcome the challenge of
deafness?

Answer

Evelyn’s firm determination, her industrious nature and her clarity of aim or well
revealed in her statement. These values of her character have enabled her to overcome
her handicap of deafness very bravely. Although she developed hearing impairment at
a young age of eight only, she has never let it become a stumbling block in her way to
success.

Firmly determined to lead the life of a normal person, Evelyn never gave up her
passion for music. The encouragement and training provided by Ron Forbes paved the
way for her advancement and she stuck to the path with confidence. It was this
confidence and faith in herself that made her dare to audition for the Royal Academy
of Music, London where she received the topmost awards.

Evelyn is a workaholic. This helped her to toil hard, in fact much harder than the
classical musicians to bring percussion to the front stage in the orchestra. She believes
that no goal is unachievable for those who work hard and are focused on the goal. With
her earnest efforts, she moved from orchestra to solo performances and eventually
became an internationally renowned percussionist owing to her command over a large

number of instruments. She had the courage and confidence to trample down her
disability and move on without looking back.

Her firm decisions, her sincere efforts, her passionate labour and her untiring devotion
to music are a source of inspiration for the people with challenges.

STD IX
ENGLISH NOTES

THE FUN THEY HAD
( Beehive )

I ANSWER THE QUESTIONS IN A FEW WORDS OR
COUPLE OF SENTENCES

1.What did Margie Write in her diary?

Answer: Margie wrote in her diary dated 17 May 2157
that Tommy had found a real book.

2.What things about the book did Margie find strange?

Answer: Margie found that the pages of the book were
yellow and crinkly and the words stood still instead of
moving.

3.What do you think a tele book is?

Answer: A tele book is like our television screen which
has a million books on it and good for many more.

II Answer the questions in a short paragraph

1.Why did Margie’s mother send for the County
Inspector?

Answer: Margie’s mechanical teacher had been giving
her test after test and she had been doing worse and
worse so her mother sent for the County Inspector to
slow it down for an average ten-year level.

2.What did the County Inspector do to help her?

Answer: Margie was doing badly in geography because
the geography lesson was difficult to understand. And
this was making her hate her class but the County

Inspector smiled at her and told her mother that it was
not her fault but that the geography sector was geared
a little too quick. He gave her an encouraging pat and
an apple and geared the mechanical teacher to a ten-
year level.

3.What had once happened to Tommy’s teacher?

Answer: Tommy’s history sector had blanked out
completely so they had taken away his mechanical
teacher for nearly a month.

4.How does Tommy describe the old kind of school?

Answer: Tommy said that all children went to a
building called school where they were taught by real
(human) teachers, all the children learnt the same
lesson, they helped each other in their work and they
laughed and played together in the playground.

5.How does he describe the old kind of teachers?

Answer: The old kind of teacher were real teachers,
they did not live in the house but went to a building
where all the boys and girls came. They taught them in
the classroom. They taught all the children the same
thing if they were of the same age group.

VALUE BASED QUESTION

Schools today are more fun than the school in the
story. Substantiate

Margie’s system of education is completely
mechanised. She is taught by a mechanical teacher
who is geared by the county inspector according to her
level of learning, her school is a room in her house next
to her bedroom. she has no interaction with anyone of
her age group, she is lonely and sad.

The schools today are more fun because children have
an opportunity to care, share, adjust, empathise, and
adapt. They are taught by real teachers who can
empathise with them and help them more than a
mechanical teacher. Children go to a school building
where they learn and have a lot of fun while studying.

An ideal school is one where the latest technological
devices are extensively used by a human teacher who
can come down to the mental level of a student.





D.A.V. SCHOOL

SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS

ADAMBAKKAM , CHENNAI -600088

CLASS: IX ENGLISH

THE LOST CHILD - NOTES

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Question 1:

What are the things the child sees on his way to the fair? Why does he lag behind?

Answer:

The child sees a number of things which fascinate him on his way to the fair. First, he saw
toys at a shop. Then he saw a flowering mustard field. In the fields, the child saw dragon flies
bustling about on their wings and a lone black bee in search of sweetness from the
flowers. Then while walking on the footpath he was attracted by the insects and worms. As he
neared the village with his parents, he saw huge crowds of people going to the fair. The child
also came across a sweetmeat seller selling sweets like burfi and gulab jamun. A little further he
came across a flower seller who was selling a garland of gulmohar. Walking ahead, he saw a
man selling rainbow-coloured balloons. He also saw a snake charmer who stood playing a flute
to a snake. Finally, he saw a roundabout in full swing.

The child keeps lagging behind his parents because the child is fascinated by all the things

he sees on his way. At times, he stops to be able to buy toys and at other times he stops
to admire the beauty of the nature – collecting flowers, catching butterflies.

Question 2:
In the fair he wants many things. What are they? Why does he move on without waiting
for an Answer?

Answer:
The child wants many things in the fair. They are

A particular toy and all the balloons.

Burfi from the sweetmeat seller.

Garland of gulmohar.

A ride in the roundabout.

The boy moved on without waiting for an Answer because he knew that his request would
be denied at each step.

Question 3:
When does he realize that he has lost his way? How have his anxiety and insecurity been
described?
Answer:
He realizes that he has lost his way on reaching the roundabout. He stopped to observe it
moving in full swing, with men, women and children enjoying themselves on it. Watching them
intently he turned to his parents to ask for permission to go on the rounds but there was no reply
from them. He turned to look for them but they were not there. He looked all around but there
was no sign of them. A full, deep cry rose within his dry throat and with a sudden jerk of his
body he ran from where he stood, crying out in real fear “Mother, Father.” Tears rolled down
from his eyes. Panic-stricken, he ran from one side to the other, in all directions, knowing not
where to go. His yellow turban came untied and his clothes became muddy. Having run to and
fro in a rage, he stood defeated, his cries suppressed into sobs.

Question 4:
Why does the lost child lose interest in the things that he had wanted earlier?
Answer:
The lost child loses interest in the things that he had wanted earlier because he was panic
stricken on being separated from his parents. All he wanted was to be united with them. All the
things that attracted him in the fair no longer tempted him and now the only thing that mattered
was finding his parents.

Question 5:
What do you think happens in the end? Does the child find his parents?
Answer:
In the end the parents, who continuously kept checking to see if he was with them right from
the beginning of their journey may have suddenly realized that he was missing and come
looking for the lost child. The kind and understanding man who tried to console the little boy by
offering him various things at the fair may have also asked him for some description of his
parents and helped him to be reunited with them.

VALUE BASED QUESTION:

Question 6
“A child longs for toys, sweets and other things but not at the cost of his parents.”
Comment

Answer:

When the child realized that he had been separated from his parents , he started crying. Tears
rolled down his cheeks. His face was full of fear. He was panicked and ran here and there. His
yellow turban got untied. His clothes became muddy. He ran towards the shrine in search of his
parents. There was a huge crowd. Before he could be trampled under their feet, a kind-hearted
person picked him up in his arms. He asked him how he got there and where his parents were.
The child wept more bitterly and cried for his parents.

D.A.V. SCHOOL

SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS

ADAMBAKKAM , CHENNAI -600088

CLASS: IX ENGLISH

THE LOST CHILD - NOTES

THINKING ABOUT THE TEXT

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:

Question 1:

What are the things the child sees on his way to the fair? Why does he lag behind?

Answer:

The child sees a number of things which fascinate him on his way to the fair. First, he saw
toys at a shop. Then he saw a flowering mustard field. In the fields, the child saw dragon flies
bustling about on their wings and a lone black bee in search of sweetness from the
flowers. Then while walking on the footpath he was attracted by the insects and worms. As he
neared the village with his parents, he saw huge crowds of people going to the fair. The child
also came across a sweetmeat seller selling sweets like burfi and gulab jamun. A little further he
came across a flower seller who was selling a garland of gulmohar. Walking ahead, he saw a
man selling rainbow-coloured balloons. He also saw a snake charmer who stood playing a flute
to a snake. Finally, he saw a roundabout in full swing.

The child keeps lagging behind his parents because the child is fascinated by all the things

he sees on his way. At times, he stops to be able to buy toys and at other times he stops
to admire the beauty of the nature – collecting flowers, catching butterflies.

Question 2:
In the fair he wants many things. What are they? Why does he move on without waiting
for an Answer?

Answer:
The child wants many things in the fair. They are

A particular toy and all the balloons.

Burfi from the sweetmeat seller.

Garland of gulmohar.

A ride in the roundabout.

The boy moved on without waiting for an Answer because he knew that his request would
be denied at each step.

Question 3:
When does he realize that he has lost his way? How have his anxiety and insecurity been
described?
Answer:
He realizes that he has lost his way on reaching the roundabout. He stopped to observe it
moving in full swing, with men, women and children enjoying themselves on it. Watching them
intently he turned to his parents to ask for permission to go on the rounds but there was no reply
from them. He turned to look for them but they were not there. He looked all around but there
was no sign of them. A full, deep cry rose within his dry throat and with a sudden jerk of his
body he ran from where he stood, crying out in real fear “Mother, Father.” Tears rolled down
from his eyes. Panic-stricken, he ran from one side to the other, in all directions, knowing not
where to go. His yellow turban came untied and his clothes became muddy. Having run to and
fro in a rage, he stood defeated, his cries suppressed into sobs.

Question 4:
Why does the lost child lose interest in the things that he had wanted earlier?
Answer:
The lost child loses interest in the things that he had wanted earlier because he was panic
stricken on being separated from his parents. All he wanted was to be united with them. All the
things that attracted him in the fair no longer tempted him and now the only thing that mattered
was finding his parents.

Question 5:
What do you think happens in the end? Does the child find his parents?
Answer:
In the end the parents, who continuously kept checking to see if he was with them right from
the beginning of their journey may have suddenly realized that he was missing and come
looking for the lost child. The kind and understanding man who tried to console the little boy by
offering him various things at the fair may have also asked him for some description of his
parents and helped him to be reunited with them.

VALUE BASED QUESTION:

Question 6
“A child longs for toys, sweets and other things but not at the cost of his parents.”
Comment

Answer:

When the child realized that he had been separated from his parents , he started crying. Tears
rolled down his cheeks. His face was full of fear. He was panicked and ran here and there. His
yellow turban got untied. His clothes became muddy. He ran towards the shrine in search of his
parents. There was a huge crowd. Before he could be trampled under their feet, a kind-hearted
person picked him up in his arms. He asked him how he got there and where his parents were.
The child wept more bitterly and cried for his parents.

DAV School
Sree nandeeswarar campus

Adambakkam, Chennai-88

The road not taken

-robert frost

I. Answer the following:

1. Where does the traveller find himself? What problem does he
face?

Ans: The traveller finds himself in the yellow woods, at a point
where two roads diverge. He is in a dilemma. The problem he faces
is that he is unable to decide which road to take and continue his
journey.

2. Discuss what these phrases mean to you
(i) A yellow wood
This refers to the forest in the autumn season, filled with
withered leaves.
(ii) It was grassy and wanted wear
The road was full of grass, as very few people travelled
through it. It seemed to invite people to tread on it.
(iii) The passing there
It implies to the use of the path by passers-by or travellers.
(iv) leaves no step had trodden black

It refers to the fact that the leaves on the road had not been
crushed under the feet of the travellers.

(v) how way leads on to way

The poet tries to refer to the fact that one road leads on
to the other and there will be no looking back in life.

3. Is there any difference between the two roads as the poet
describes them?

(i) In stanza two and three
There is no difference in the roads as the poet describes in
stanzas two and three, except that the road he took was
covered with grass, which gave an impression of being
unused. Otherwise both the roads lay equally in front of him.

(ii) In the last two lines of the poem
In the last two lines of the poem, the poet says that he took
the road less travelled by and that made all the difference in
his life.

4. What do you think the last two lines of the poem mean?
Looking back does the poet regret his choice or accept it?

Ans: The last two lines bring out the theme of the poem. It requires
a lot of courage to take decisions in life. The poet decided to take the
road less travelled by and he feels that it has made all the difference in
his life. Since he thinks of the other road with a sigh, it is difficult to
say whether he is happy or sad with his decision.

Value based question:

5. The poem ‘The Road Not Taken’ presents a dilemma of a man
in a particular situation. Elucidate

Ans: The Road not taken by Robert Frost is a philosophical poem. It
deals with a simple situation in life. The poet travelling, through a
wood, reaches a point where, he is unable to decide his future course
because of the diverged roads, that lay before him. He is unable to
make up his mind, about the choice of the road. He gives it a careful
thought and tries to decide the consequence of each path. Then he
decides to choose the road less travelled by. He decides to save the
other one for some other day, though he realises that one way leads

to another and there will be no looking back. The poet feels that
many years after, he may think about his decision with a sigh. The
less frequented road would have made all the difference in his life.

The poet presents the difficulty of making a choice in life. We cannot
go ahead with varied choices available to us. We have to make a
choice and that determines our future. Only the future will reveal
whether the decision taken was right or wrong

.

DAV SCHOOL
SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS

CLASS : IX ADAMBAKKAM, CHENNAI-88
PHYSICS

PART C - GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

A. DISTANCE-TIME GRAPH:
(i) OBJECT AT REST:

(ii) UNIFORM MOTION:

Speed =
=
= 5 m/s.

(iii) NON-UNIFORM MOTION:

B. VELOCITY-TIME GRAPH:
(i) UNIFORM (CONSTANT) SPEED:

The following velocity-time graph shows the motion of a cyclist. Find (i)
its acceleration (ii) its velocity and (iii) the distance covered by the cyclist in 15
seconds.

• Acceleration = 0 m/ AB
• Velocity = 20 m/s C
• Distance covered = Area of rectangle OABC

» = OA * OC
» = 20 * 15

» = 300 m

O

(ii) UNIFORM ACCELERATION:
The given velocity-time graph represents a particle moving in a straight line.
Determine its acceleration and displacement at =2s.

• ACCELERATION = RP
Q
•=

•=
•=
•=
• = 15 cm/
• = 0.15 m/

• DISTANCE TRAVELLED = AREA OF TRIANGLE OPQ

= 1/2 * base * height

= ½ * OQ * PQ

= ½ * OQ * OR

= ½ * 2 * 30

= 30 cm

(iii) UNIFORM ACCELERATION , BUT u ≠ 0.
Find the acceleration and the distance travelled of a moving body at time 8
seconds using the given velocity- time graph.

Acceleration = m/s
40

= 30
=
= 20
= 3.75 m/ E

A
10

Distance travelled 2 46 D SECONDS
8
= area enclosed by the speed-time curve and
the time-axis

= area of trapezium OABD
= ½ * sum of parallel sides * height
= ½ * (10 + 40) * 8
= ½ * 50 * 8
= 200 m.

NUMERICALS:

1. The graph given alongside shows how the speed of a car changes with time:

i) What is the initial speed of the car ? S1 S2
ii) What is the maximum speed attained by the car ?
iii) Which part of the graph shows zero acceleration ? A
iv) Which part of the graph shows varying retardation ?
v) Find the distance travelled in first 8 hours. F

ANSWER: (i) 10 km/h (ii) 35 km/h (iii)BC (iv) CD

(V) Find the distance travelled in first 8 hours.

Distance travelled = Area S1 + Area S2

= Area of trapezium OABF + Area of rectangle FBCE

= {½ * (sum of parallel sides) * height } + { l * b }

= {1/2 * (0A + BF) * OF} + {BF * FE }

= {1/2 * (10 + 35) * 3} + {35 * (8-3)}

= {135/2} + {35 *5}

= 67.5 + 175

= 242.5 km.

2. The graph given below shows the position of a body at different times. Calculate the speed
ofthe body as it moves from:
(i) A to B (ii) B to C (iii) C to D

(i) A TO B :
SPEED (v) =
SPEED (v) =
=
= 0.75 cm/s

(ii) B TO C :

SPEED (v) = 0 cm/s
(iii) C TO D :

SPEED (v) =
SPEED (v) =

=
= 2 cm/s
3. A driver of a car travelling at 52km h−1 applies the brakes and accelerates uniformly in the opposite
direction. The car stops in 5s. Another driver going at 3km h−1 in another car applies his brakes
slowly and stops in 10s. On the same graph paper, plot the speed versus time graphs for the two
cars. Which of the two cars travelled farther after the brakes were applied?

ANSWER:
Initial speed of the car A u = 52 km/h
=52 ×

The car stops in 5 seconds =14.44 m/s
so, v = 0 at t = 5 seconds

(B) : Initial speed of the car B u=3 km/h
=3 ×

=0.83 m/s
The car stops in 10 seconds

So, v = 0 at t = 10 seconds
With the help of these initial and final points for both the cases, we can plot the graph of speed vs
time.

Area under the speed-time graph gives the distance covered.
∴ Distance covered by car A = Area of triangle OAD
=1/2 * OA * OD
= ½ * 14.44 * 5
= 36.1 m
∴ Distance covered by car B = Area of triangle OBC
=1/2 * OB * OC
= ½ * 0.83 * 10
=4.15 m

Thus car A travels more distance than B.

***********************



DAV SCHOOL SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS ADAMBAKKAM
CHENNAI

CLASS IX SUBJECT BIOLOGY

CHAPTER 5 : THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

PART – A : DISCOVERY OF THE CELL

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. Who discovered cell and how?
 Cell was discovered by Robert Hooke in the year
1665
 He observed cells in a slice of cork with the help of
primitive microscope
 Cork resembled the structure of honey comb
consisting of many little compartments
 He named it as cell
 Cell is a latin word meaning little room

2. Why is cell called structural and functional unit of life?
 The body of all living organisms are made up of
cells
 This shows that cell is the structural unit of life
 Each living cell has the capacity to perform

 Basic functions that are characteristic feature of all
living forms Eg. Heart function is to pump blood,
stomach function is to digest food and WBC kills
unwanted foreign particles

 So the cell is called the structural and functional
unit of life

EXTRA QUESTIONS :

1.Define cell theory and who proposed it?

 Cell theory was proposed by Schleiden in 1838 and
Schwann in 1839

 Cell theory states that all plants and animals are
composed of cells and cell is the basic unit of life

 Later it was expanded by Virchow in 1855
 He suggested that all cells arise from pre existing

cells

2.What precaution should be taken while taking a wet
mount of a specimen of an onion peel?

The following precautions must be taken while
preparing a wet mount of an onion peel:

 Hold the slide by its edges to avoid making it dirty
 Do not add excess stain on the specimen
 Mounting should be done on the centre of the slide

 Cover slip should be gently placed with the help of fine
needle to avoid air bubbles

 Folding of the peel should be avoided
3. What are unicellular and multi cellular organisms?

UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS:
When a single cell constitute a whole organism it

is called as unicellular organisms (uni – single) eg .
amoeba, paramecium, bacteria
MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS:

Many cells are grouped in a single body and
assume different functions in it to form various body
parts in a multi cellular organisms eg. fungi, plants and
animals

4. What are the levels of organisation in a body of a multi
cellular organism?

5. Draw various cells in the human body and name them
Diagram in page number 58 Figure 5.3

6. Draw a neat labelled diagram of compound microscope
Diagram in page number 57 figure 5.1
********************

PART – B :STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION OF THE CELL

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING:

1. How do substances like carbon dioxide and water move
in and out of the cell? Discuss.
 Carbon dioxide and water move across the cell by
the process of diffusion and osmosis respectively
 When the concentration of carbon dioxide is less
outside as compared to inside the cell, carbon
dioxide move outside i.e from a region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration
 When the concentration of water increases in the
cell as compared to its exterior , water moves
across the cell membrane from the region of higher
concentration to a region of lower concentration

2. Why is the plasma membrane called a selectively
permeable membrane?

Plasma membrane is called a selectively
permeable membrane because it allows the movement
of only selected molecules across it

3. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures
or breaks down?
 Plasma membrane is a selectively permeable
membrane that allows the entry and exit of selected
molecules across it
 If it ruptures the content of the cell will come in
direct contact with the surrounding medium and the
unwanted particles move freely into the cell and the
useful materials will find its way out of the cell easily
 This will seriously disturb the metabolic activities of
the cell and results in its eminent death

4. What is osmosis?
The movement of water molecules from higher

concentration through semi permeable membrane is
called osmosis or the diffusion of water or solvent
through semi permeable membrane from the solution
of lower concentration solute to a solution of higher
concentration solute

5.How does amoeba acquire its food?

 Amoeba ingests food by pseudopodia by the process
of diffusion

 Amoeba acquires its food endocytosis when an area
of plasma membrane comes in contact with food
particle , this contact induces the cell membrane to
put out tiny proto plasmic processes called
pseudopodia around the food particle

 Pseudopodia meet on the other side of food particle
and fuse

 In this way an internal vacuole called phagosome
containing food particles and a droplet of water is
acquired

6.Carry out the following osmosis experiment: Take four
peeled potato halves and scoop out each one to make potato

cups. One of these potato cups should be made from a boiled
potato. Put each potato cup in a trough containing water .

a. Keep cup A empty

b. put 1 teaspoon sugar in cup B

c. Put 1 teaspoon salt in cup C

d. Put 1 teaspoon sugar in the boiled potato cup D

keep these for 2 hours then observe the 4 potato cups and
answer the following :

i. Explain why water does not gathers in the hollowed
portion of B and C.

ii. Why is potato A necessary for this experiment?
iii. Explain why water does not gather in the hollowed

out portions of A and D

ANSWER:

i. Potato acts as a semi permeable membrane . the
cups of B and C are filled with sugar and salt
respectively and the other part in direct contact
with water. The concentration of water outside
the cup is higher than the concentration inside the
cup. So water moves from the region of higher
concentration to lower concentration inside the
cup.

ii. Potato A acts as the ‘control’ of the experiment as
it is very necessary for comparing the result of the

experiment . It shows that the concentration of
water on either sides are the same and does not
induce the movement of water
iii. Water does not gather in the hollowed portions of
potato cup A because it does not possess higher
osmotic concentration than the cells of potato.
Potato cup D is a boiled potato . On boiling potato
cells die and the membranes of the potato cells
lose their permeability. As a result when sugar is
added to the hollowed portion of boiled potato
cup D water does not come out from within the
potato cells into the hollowed portion

7. What does plasma membrane made up of ?

Plasma membrane is made up of lipids and proteins

8. What is plasma membrane ?
Plasma membrane is the outer most membrane

that separates the contents of the cell from its
environment.

*******************



DAV SCHOOL , SREE NANDEESWARAR CAMPUS , ADAMBAKKAM ,
CHENNAI.

SUBJECT : BIOLOGY CLASS : IX

CHAPTER 5 – THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

PART C : CYTOPLASM AND NUCLEUS

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING :

1. Differentiate a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell

PROKARYOTIC CELL :
 Size – generally small ( 1 to 10 micrometre )
1 micrometre = 1 thousandth of a millimetre
 Nuclear region not well defined and known as nucleoid
 Chromosome is single
 Membrane bound cell organelles are absent

EUKARYOTIC CELL :

 Size - generally large ( 5 to 100 micrometre )
 Nuclear region well defined surrounded by nuclear

membrane
 More than one chromosome
 Membrane bound cell organelles are present
2. Expand DNA and RNA

DNA – Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid
RNA- Ribo Nucleic Acid
3. What are genes?
The functional segments of DNA which carries the
information source for the next generation

4.what are chromosomes and chromatin fibre?

CHROMOSOMES: Chromosomes are rod shaped structures
present in the nucleus of the cell . they are the carriers of heredity

CHROMATIN FIBRES: chromatin fibre is an entangled mass of
thread like structure during its growth . the chromatin material gets
organised into chromosomes at the time of cell division

5. What is the role of nucleus in a cell ?
 Nucleus play an important role in cellular reproduction
 It plays a very crucial part along with the environment in
determining the way
 The cell will develop at maturity by directing the cells
chemical activity. It controls all the functions of the cells so ,
it is called brain of the cell

6. Define nucleoid .
An undefined nuclear region containing only nucleic acid
is called nucleoid

7. Explain the structure of nucleus with a neat labelled diagram
 The dark spherical or oval dot like structurenear the
centre of each cell i called nucleus
 It has a double layer covering called nuclear membrane

 It has pores called nuclear pores which allow transport of
substances between nucleus and cytoplasm of cell

 It contains chromosomes which are the carriers of
heredity and they are made up of DNA and proteins

 The fluid present inside the nucleus of the cell is called
nucleoplasm

 Structure of nucleus – diagram

8. Which organism illustratesthe significance of membrane? How?
Viruses lack any membrane and do not show the

characteristics of life until they enter into a living body and use
its cell machinery to multiply
9. Draw a neat labelled diagram of prokaryoyic cell
Diagram page no. 62 figure 5.4
10. Define plasmolysis

When a living plant looses water through osmosis
there is a shrinkage or contraction of the contents of the cell,
away from the cell wall . this phenomenon is known as
plasmolysis

PART - D : CELL ORGANELLES

ANSWE R THE FOLLOWING:

1.Can you name the organelles that contain their own
genetic material

Mitochondria and plastids contain their own
genetic material

2. If the organisation of the cell is destroyed due to
physical or chemical influence what will happen?

Cell organelles are responsible for organisation
and proper functioning of cell. As each of them perform
a specific function and if any of these organelles are
destroyed the function of the cell will stop and it may
result in the death of the cell.

3.Why are lysosomes known as suicidal bags of the cell?

 Lysosomes are called suicidal bags because they
contain powerful digestive enzymes capable of
breaking out all organic materials

 It is a kind of waste disposal system of the cell
 It helps to clean the cell by digesting any foreign

material as well as worn out cell organelles
 During the disturbance in cellular metabolism

lysosome may burst and enzyme digest their own
cell.

4.Where are proteins synthesised in the cell?

 Ribosomes present in the cell synthesise proteins
inside the cell and are called protein factory of the
cell

 They may be aqttached on the Endoplasmic
Reticulum or seen freely in the cytoplasm of the
cell

5.What would happen to the life of a cell if there was no
golgi apparatus?

 If there were no golgi apparatus the material
synthesised by Endoplasmic Reticulum would not
be carried through the various parts of the cell

 As the golgi apparatus perform the function of
storage and modification of materials synthesised
in cell , these materials would not be stored and
modified

 There will be no production of lysosome which will
cause the accumulation of waste materials like
worn out cells , dead cells organelles which will
ultimately lead to the death of the cell.

6.Which organelle is known as power house of the cell?
Why?

 Mitochondria is known as the power house of the
as they are the sites of cellular respiration.

 They release energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine
Tri Phosphate) by the oxidation of crbohydrates
and fats

 This energy is then utilised by the organelles to
carry out their specific functions

7.Where do lipids and protein constituting the cell
membrane gets synthesised ?

 Lipids are synthesised by SER (smooth endoplasmic
reticulum)

 Proteins are synthesised by the ribosomes present
in the RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)

 Some of the proteins and lipids help in building the
cell membrane and the process is known as
membrane biogenesis

 Some of the proteins and lipids function like
enzymes and hormones.

8.Make a comparison and write down the ways in which
plant cells are different from animal cells .

PLANT CELL:
 They are larger in size
 They contain cell wall made up of cellulose . plasma
membrane is present
 They contain plastids - chloroplast leucoplast and
chromoplast
 Centrosome is absent .
 Vacuoles are large and few in number

ANIMAL CELL:

 They are comparatively smaller in size
 Plasma membrane is present but cell wall is

absent
 Plastids are absent
 Centrosome is present
 Vacuoles are small and many in number

9.Which type of cell division is required for growth and
repair of body and which type is required for the
formation of gametes ?

 In mitotic cell division mother cell divides to form
two identical daughter cells

 The daughter cells have the same number of
chromosomes the mother cell which helps in
growth and repair of tissues in a body of an
organism

 Meiotic cell division is involved in the formation of
gametes

 In this process two consecutive divisions take place
by which four new cells are produced

 The new cells have only the half the number of
chromosomes than that of the mother cell .

10 . Draw a neat labelled diagram of plant cell and
animal cell
Diagram in page no.63 figure 5.5 –animal cell
Diagram in page no.64 figure 5.6 – plant cell

***********



D.A.V. School

Class : IX (Affiliated to C.B.S.E. New Delhi)
Sree Nandeeswarar Campus, Adambakkam, Chennai – 600 088

Ch- 1 Matter in our surroundings

Subject: CHEMISTRY

Part C CHANGE IN STATES OF MATTER

ANSWER THE FOLLOWING

1. Define the following

Melting point: The temperature at which a solid melts to
become a liquid at the atmospheric pressure is called its
melting point.

Boiling point: The temperature at which the liquid starts
boiling at the atmospheric pressure is known as its boiling
point.

Latent heat of fusion: The amount of heat energy that is
required to change one kilogram of a solid into liquid at
atmospheric pressure at its melting point is known as
latent heat of fusion.

Latent heat of vaporization: The amount of heat energy
required to change one kilogram of liquid into vapours at
atmospheric pressure at its boiling point is called latent
heat of vaporization

2. When a solid melts, its temperature remains the same. Why?

The heat energy supplied is used for change of state ie.
to overcome the force of attraction between the
particles.

3. Suggest a method to liquify atmospheric gas.

Air can be liquified by increasing the pressure and
decreasing the temperature.

4. What are the two factors that determine the state of
matter?
The two factors that determine the state of matter are
temperature and pressure.

5. What is the physical sate of water at
a) 2500C b) 1000C

a) 2500C - Water exists as water vapour.
b) 1000C - Water exists as liquid and gas.