ArdhMagthi Prakrut

emgZ {ZU©¶ H«$‘m§H$ : Aä¶mg-2116/(à.H«$.43/16) EgS>r - 4 {XZm§H$ 25.4.2016 AÝd¶o ñWmnZ H$aʶmV Amboë¶m g‘Ýd¶ g{‘VrÀ¶m
{X. 19.3.2019 amoOrÀ¶m ~¡R>H$s‘ܶo ho nmR>çnwñVH$ gZ 2019-2020 ¶m e¡j{UH$ dfm©nmgyZ {ZYm©[aV H$aʶmg ‘mݶVm XoʶmV Ambr Amho.

AY©‘mJYr - àmH¥$V

B¶ËVm- AH$amdr (V¥Vr¶ ^mfm)

‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i
nwUo - 411004

Amnë¶m ñ‘mQ>©’$moZdarb DIKSHA APP X²dmao nm>R>çnwñVH$mÀ¶m n{hë¶m
n¥îR>mdarb Q.R. Code X²dmao {S>{OQ>b nm>R>çnwñVH$ d nm>R>çnwñVH$mVrb
à˶oH$ nmR>mg§~§{YV Aܶ¶Z AܶmnZmgmR>r Cn¶w³V ÑH$lmì¶ gm{h˶
CnbãY hmoB©b.

© àW‘md¥ËVr … 2019 © ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i,
n{hbo nwZ‘w©ÐU : 2020 nwUo - 411004.

¶m nwñVH$mMo gd© h³H$ ‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘
g§emoYZ ‘§S>imH$S>o amhVrb. ¶m nwñVH$mVrc H$moUVmhr ^mJ g§MmcH$,
‘hmamîQ´> amÁ¶ nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i ¶m§À¶m

boIr nadmZJr{edm¶ CX²Y¥V H$aVm ¶oUma Zmhr.

g§¶moOH$ … AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfm VÁk g{‘Vr
lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i, lr. ~mimgmho~ ^mZwXmg ^Jao (Aܶj)
{deofm{YH$mar, ‘amR>r lr‘Vr dZ‘mbm ~mimgmho~ ^Jao
lr‘Vr g§Ü¶m {dZ¶ CnmgZr, lr‘Vr gamoO lrnmb nmQ>rb
ghm¶H$ {deofm{YH$mar, qhXr lr‘Vr CÁÁdbm à{Xn ‘JXÿ‘
lr‘Vr gwZ§Xm AemoH$ Mm¡Jwbo
{MÌH$ma … lr‘Vr AéUm AaqdX nmQ>rb
lr. Jm¡ad JmoJmdbo lr. gXm{ed H$‘Ho$ar
lr. ‘hmdra nmQ>rb
‘wIn¥îR> … lr‘Vr g§Ü¶m {dZ¶ CnmgZr
lr. {ddoH$mZ§X {ede§H$a nmQ>rb lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i
(gXñ¶ - g{Md)
{Z{‘©Vr …
lr. g{ƒXmZ§X Am’$io, ‘w»¶ {Z{‘©Vr A{YH$mar प्रमखु समन्वयक :
lr. amO|Ð qMXaH$a, {Z{‘©Vr A{YH$mar श्रीमती प्राची रविदं ्र साठे
lr. amO|Ð nm§S>bmoñH$a, ghm¶H$ {Z{‘©Vr A{YH$mar
: àH$meH$ :
AjaOwiUr … lr. {ddoH$ CÎm‘ Jmogmdr
~bXod H§$߶wQ>g©, ‘w§~B©
{Z¶§ÌH$,
H$mJX … nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr ‘§S>i,
70 Or. Eg. E‘. H«$s‘dmoìh
à^mXodr, ‘w§~B© - 25.
‘wÐUmXoe …

‘wÐH$ …



nBÊUm

àñVmdZm

AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V hr EH$ àmMrZ ^maVr¶ ~mobr^mfm hmo¶. ¶m ~mobr^mfoV ^JdmZ ‘hmdram§Zr
Amnë¶m Y‘m©Mo VËËdkmZ gm§{JVbo. {edm¶ Amnë¶m {eî¶-à{eî¶m§Zmhr ¶m àmH¥$V ^mfoVyZM Y‘m}nXoe
H$aʶmg gm§{JVbm. ˶m‘wio ¶m àmH¥$V ^mfoMm {dH$mg hmoV OmD$Z hr ^mfm ^maVmÀ¶m H$mZmH$monè¶mV
nmohmoMbr.

¶m ^mfoVM g‘«mQ> AemoH$m§Zr Amnbo {ebmboI H$moê$Z KoVbo. {edm¶ g‘«mQ> AemoH$, g‘«mQ>
Imadob, gmVdmhZ AmXr amOm§Zr amOXa~mamMr ^mfm åhUyZ, àmH¥$V ^mfobm gÝ‘m[ZV Ho$bo. ˶m‘wio ¶m
^mfoV {d{dY àH$maMo gm{h˶ {b{hbobo {XgyZ ¶oVo. ¶m gm{h˶mÀ¶m Aܶ¶ZmZo àmMrZ ^maVr¶ g‘mOmMm,
VgoM g§ñH¥$VrMm, ê$T>r na§naoMm, amOH$s¶, ^m¡Jmo{bH$, Z¡{VH$ B˶mXtMm n[aM¶ hmoʶmg ‘XV hmoVo.

¶m{edm¶ ^mfmemór¶ÑîQ>çmhr àmH¥$V ^mfm ‘hËËdnyU© Agë¶mZo AmYw[ZH$ ^maVr¶ ^mfm§À¶m
CËnËËmrÀ¶m Aä¶mgmgmR>r hr ^mfm A˶§V ‘hËËdnyU© Amho.

‘hmamîQ>´ emgZmZo V¶ma Ho$boë¶m ZdrZ Aä¶mgH«$‘mZwgma OyZ 2019 nmgyZ B. 11drÀ¶m dJm©gmR>r
ho nmR>çnwñVH$ V¶ma H$aʶmV Ambobo Amho.

¶m nmR>çnwñVH$m‘ܶo à˶oH$ nmR>mÀ¶m àma§^r àñVmdZm, nmR>mMm CX²Xoe, H$R>rU eãXmW©, ñdmܶm¶
B. {Xbobo AmhoV. {edm¶ n[a{eîQm‘ܶo àmH¥$V dU©‘mbm, dU©~Xb, H$mi, {d^³Vr, g§Yr, àmH¥$V
dm³¶aMZm, {Z~§Y, An{R>V CVmao, {edm¶ àmH¥$V ZmQ>çgm{h˶m§Mm (gQ²>Q>Ho$) g§{jßV n[aM¶ B.Mm
g‘mdoe Ho$bobm Amho. ˶m‘wio ¶m àmH¥$V ^mfoMo Aܶ¶Z H$aVmZm {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo àmH¥$V {df¶m{df¶r
JmoS>r {Z‘m©U hmoV amhrb.

AY©‘mJYr ^mfm VÁk g{‘Vr, Aä¶mgJQ> gXñ¶ Am{U {MÌH$ma ¶m§À¶m AmñWmnyd©H$ n[al‘mVyZ ho
nwñVH$ V¶ma Pmbo Amho. ho nmR>çnwñVH$ OmñVrV OmñV {ZXm}f d XO}Xma ìhmdo ¶m ÑîQ>rZo ‘hmamîQ´>mÀ¶m gd©
^mJmVrb {ZdS>H$ {ejH$, VgoM H$mhr {ejUVÁk d {df¶VÁk ¶m§À¶mH$Sy>Z ¶m nmR>çnwñVH$mMo g‘rjU
H$aʶmV Ambo. ˶m§À¶m Amboë¶m gyMZm d A{^àm¶ ¶m§Mm H$miOrnyd©H$ {dMma H$ê$Z ¶m nwñVH$mbm
A§{V‘ ñdê$n XoʶmV Ambo.

AY©‘mJYr ^mfm VÁk g{‘Vr, Aä¶mgJQ> gXñ¶, {Z‘§{ÌV VÁk, g§~§{YV g‘rjH$ d {MÌH$ma ¶m
gdmªMo ‘§S>i ‘Z:nyd©H$ Am^mar Amho. {dXçmWu, {ejH$ d nmbH$ ¶m nwñVH$mMo ñdmJV H$aVrb, Aer
Amem Amho.

¶m nmR>çnwñVH$m~amo~a Aä¶mgmbm nyaH$ Ago ^anya ÑH$-lmì¶ gm{h˶ Amnë¶mbm n{hë¶m nmZmda
Agboë¶m Q.R. Code À¶m ‘mܶ‘mVyZ CnbãY hmoB©b. {dXçm϶mªZr ˶mMm Cn¶moJ H$ê$Z ¿¶mdm.

(S>m°. gw{Zb ‘Ja)

g§MmbH$

nwUo ‘hmamîQ>´ amÁ¶> nmR>çnwñVH$ {Z{‘©Vr d
{XZm §H$ : 20 OyZ 2019 Aä¶mgH«$‘ g§emoYZ ‘§S>i, nwUo.
^maV r¶ gm¡a {XZm§H$ : 30 Á¶oîR, 1941>

AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V

^mfm{df¶H$ j‘Vm

B¶ËVm AH$amdrÀ¶m {dXçm϶mª‘ܶo AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfm{df¶H$ nwT>rb j‘Vm {dH${gV ìhmì¶mV,
Aer Anojm Amho.

joÌ l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V gm{h˶mVrc ^mdmW© g‘OyZ KoVm ¶oUo.
ldU l     AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$VmVrb {d{dY gm{h˶àH$mam§À¶m Üd{Z{’$Vr EoHy$Z ˶mVrb ñdamKmV,

^mfU Amamoh-Adamoh ¶m d¡{eîQ>çm§Mr OmU hmoUo.
l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfoVrb Am¡nMm[aH$ d AZm¡nMm[aH$ g§dmX d g§^mfU EoHy$Z {M{H$ËgH$
dmMZ
boIZ {dMmamgh ˶mV gh^mJr hmoVm ¶oUo.
Aܶ¶Z l n[agamV ~mobë¶m OmUmè¶m {d{dY ~mobr^mfm EoHy$Z ˶m§À¶m d¡{eîQ>çm§Zwgma VwbZm H$aVm
H$m¡eë¶
^mfmä¶mg ¶oUo.

l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$VmVrb CÀMma d¡{eîQ>çm§Zm AZwgê$Z ¶mo½¶ Aem JmWm§Mo nR>Z Am{U
g§^mfU H$aVm ¶oUo.

l AY©‘mJYr-‘mܶ‘mV Aܶ¶ZH¥$VtZm d {df¶mcm AZwgê$Z AZw^d H$WZ H$aVm ¶oUo.
l AY©‘mJYr àmH¥$V ^mfoV MMm© H$aVm ¶oUo.

l {dam‘{M•m§Mr XIb KoD$Z ¶mo½¶ JVrZo AW©nyU© àH$Q> dmMZ H$aVm ¶oUo.
l AY©‘mJYr gm{h˶mVrc {d{dY gm{h˶àH$mam§Mo g‘Onyd©H$ dmMZ H$ê$Z ˶mMm AmñdmX

KoUo.
l g§Ho$VñWimda CnbãY Agboë¶m "B©' gm{h˶mMo dmMZ H$ê$Z ˶m ‘m{hVrMm

ñd¶§Aܶ¶ZmgmR>r Cn¶moJ H$aVm ¶oUo.

l boIZ H$aVmZm ewÕboIZmÀ¶m {Z¶‘m§Mo nmbZ H$aVm ¶oUo.
l ^mfm {Z¶‘m§Zm AZwgê$Z g§dmX / dU©Z / bKwn[aÀN>oX {b{hVm ¶oUo.
l ‘mܶ‘ ^mfoVrb ^mfm {Z¶‘mbm AZwgê$Z AZwdmX H$aVm ¶oUo.

l H$moU˶mhr g§X^m©gmR>r eãXH$moe nmhVm ¶oUo.
l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfoV eãXOmc {Z‘m©U H$aʶmMm à¶ËZ H$aUo.
l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfoV H$WmnyVu H$aVm ¶oUo.
l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfoV AZwdmX H$aVm ¶oUo.
l g§JUH$mda CnbãY AgUmè¶m {d{dY e¡j{UH$ Cn¶moOZm§Mm Aä¶mgmgmR>r dmna H$aVm

¶oUo.

l B¶ËVm Xhmdrn¶ªV Aä¶mgboë¶m ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§Mr COiUr H$aUo.
l AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V ^mfoV gai g§dmX H$aUo.
l EH$ Vo e§^a (1-100) A§H$ (H«$‘) OmUyZ KoUo.

{ejH$m§gmR>r

AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V B¶ËVm AH$amdrMo ho nmR>çnwñVH$ Aܶ¶Z-AܶmnZmgmR>r
AmnUm§g XoVmZm A{Ve¶ AmZ§X hmoV Amho. {dXçm϶mª‘Yrb ^m{fH$ H$m¡eë¶o A{YH$m{YH$
{dH${gV hmoʶmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo nmR>çnwñVH$m‘ܶo {dXçm϶mªÀ¶m ^md{dídmer g§~§{YV nmR>,
H${dVm, H¥$Vr (ñdmܶm¶) d Ame¶mZwê$n {MÌo ¶m§gma»¶m AZoH$ KQ>H$m§Mm g‘mdoe Ho$bobm
Amho. {ejH$m§Zr nmR>çnwñVH$mV g‘m{dîQ> AgUmè¶m ^mfm{df¶H$ j‘Vm§Mm {dMma H$ê$Z
{dXçm϶mª‘Yrb ^m{fH$ j‘Vm {dH${gV hmoʶmgmR>r nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb H¥$Vr§~amo~aM BVa
{d{dY H¥$Vr d CnH«$‘ ¶moOyZ Vo {dXçm϶mªH$Sy>Z H$adyZ ¿¶mdoV.

j‘Vm joÌmVrb ^mfmä¶mg ¶m erf©H$mImbr {Xboë¶m gd© ì¶mH$aU KQ>H$m§Mr
COiUr {ejH$m§Zr {dXçm϶mªH$Sy>Z H$ê$Z KoUo Ano{jV Amho. {ejH$m§Zr ñdV… ¶m ì¶mH$aU
KQ>H$m§À¶m gamdmgmR>r {d{dY H¥$Vr ¶moOmì¶mV d ˶m {dXçm϶mªH$Sy>Z gmoS>dyZ ¿¶mì¶mV.

{ejH$m§Zr ñdV…À¶m g¥OZerbVoZo, H$ënH$VoZo {d{dY ^m{fH$ H¥$VtMr aMZm H$amdr,
˶mM~amo~a Aem {d{dY H¥$Vr V¶ma H$aʶmgmR>r {dXçm϶mªZmhr ào[aV H$amdo. ˶mVyZ
{dXçm϶mªMr {ZarjUj‘Vm, {dMmaj‘Vm d H¥${VerbVm ¶m§Zmhr g§Yr {‘iUma Amho.
AmYw{ZH$ V§ÌkmZmÀ¶m {d{dY ‘mܶ‘m§Mm dmna H$ê$Z AܶmnZmV A{YH$m{YH$ g§X^©
XoUo Ano{jV Amho. nmR>çnwñVH$mVrb JXç d nXç nmR>m§‘Yrb H$R>rU eãXm§Mo AW©
nmR>mÀ¶m eodQ>r {Xbobo AmhoV. {ejH$m§Zr Amdí¶H$VoZwgma nmR>mVrb BVa eãXm§Mo AW©
g‘OyZ KoʶmgmR>r eãXH$moemMm dmna H$amdm, VgoM {dXçm϶mªZm g§X^© åhUyZ eãXH$moe
nmhʶmgmR>r ào[aV H$amdo.

AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V B¶ËVm AH$amdrMo ho nmR>çnwñVH$ Vwåhm§bm Z³H$sM AmdS>ob,
Aer Amem Amho.

AUw³H$‘{U¶m

AZw. H«$. gwJ‘-nmB¶§ nmZ H«§$.

1 dËWy Zm‘§ 1
2 é³I Zm‘§ 2
3 n³Ir Zm‘§ 3
4 Ad¶d Zm‘§ 4
5
J‚m {d^mJmo 6
1 ^Jd§ ‘hmdramo 9
2 n{SgÔmo 12
3 gmhþ-ap³I¶§ n‚mmdaU§
16
4 g§~mohogw A§Va§ 19
5 gƒdmUñg gm{dÎmr 23
6 A¶hma¶-{XÆ>§V§ 26
27
n‚m {d^mJmo 30
1 aÆ>^Îmr 34
2 A^¶XmU§ 38
3 ZrBd‚mm 42
4 nwÎmmU-n[a³Im 46
5 Hy$S>-ZrB© 51
6 {H${gdmbñg OrdU§ 52
53
n[a{gÆ>§ 62
(A) ì¶mH$aU {d^mJ 67
1 àmH¥$V dU©‘mbm 72
2 gd©Zm‘o 77
3 H$mi 83
4 {d^³Vr à˶¶
5 g§»¶m 87
6 àmH¥$V g§Yr
88
(~) bohU-H$mog㤠89
92
1 AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$VmV H¥$Vr H$am 97
2 {Z~§Y boIZ
3 An{R>V CVmao

(H$) àmH¥$V gÅ>H (ZmQ>ç) gm{h˶ n[aM¶

gwJ‘-nmB¶§ (1) dËWw-Zm‘§

H§$XþJ S>mobm Ambmo¶U

Vwbm gJS> A{g¶

hb Hw$Ô{b¶m A³Ia’$bH

XÿaX§gU ^‘UPw{U g§JU¶

1

(2) é³I-Zm‘§

B©S>qU~ ~~yb Am‘é³I

H§$Ho$br dS>é³I nUg/’$Ug

O§~yé³I H$ßné³I B³Iy

nyJVê$ Vmbé³I gmJé³I

2

(3) n³Ir-Zm‘§

H$mJ ~J ‘D$a

‘D$ar H$sa H$moBbm

goU {JÕ nmaod¶

Jéb M¸$dm¶ gm[a¶m

3

(4) Ad¶d-Zm‘§

‘ËW¶ {US>mb Z¶U

Zmgm H$ÊU d¶U/‘wh

Orhm Jrdm hUy

H$Q>r OmUy hËW

4

J‚m - {d^mJmo

5

1. ^Jd§ ‘hmdramo

^JdmZ ‘hmdra ho O¡Z Y‘m©Vrb 24 do
VrWªH$a hmoV. ˶m§Mm H$mi gmYmaUnUo B. g. nyd©
5-6 ì¶m eVH$mMm ‘mZbm OmVmo.

^JdmZ ‘hmdram§Zr Y‘m}nXoemgmR>r
AY©‘mJYr ^mfoMm Adb§~ Ho$bm. ˶m§Zr Amnë¶m
Y‘m}nXoemVyZ AqhgoMm nwañH$ma Ho$bm. Ho$dbkmZmMr
àmßVr Pmë¶mZ§Va ^JdmZ ‘hmdram§Zr Amnë¶m
{Xì¶dmUrZo {ÌH$mbm~m{YV VÎdkmZmMm CnXoe
^ì¶Ordm§Zm H$aʶmg gwédmV Ho$br.

Mm[aͶ~b dmT>dm, g§¶‘ nmim, dmgZm§da
{dO¶ {‘idm. Agm‘m{OH$ àd¥ÎmtMm Zme H$am Am{U
amJ-X²dof ‘ZmVyZ H$mTy>Z Q>mH$m. g§¶‘ê$nr Vn H$am.
Ago ˶§mZr à{VnmXZ Ho$bo.

~mhoarb eÌyer bT>mB© H$aUo gmono Amho nU
Amnë¶m‘ܶo Agboë¶m {dH$mam§Mm Zme H$aUo Iyn H${R>U Amho. ¶mgmR>r draVoMr Amdí¶H$Vm AgVo.
‘hmdram§Zr ñdV:‘ܶo ¶m e³VrMm {dH$mg Ho$bm d ˶mMm AmXe© g§nyU© OJmg‘moa R>odbm. ˶m§Mm
g§{jßV n[aM¶ ¶m nmR>mV nwT>rbà‘mUo {Xbobm Amho.

ApËW Bhod ^maho-dmgo H§w${S>Unwao {gÕËWmo ^Jd§ ‘hmdramo Ho$dbr hmoB& ^Jd§ ‘hmdraoU gìdm{U
Zm‘ I{Îm¶-JUm{hdB© & Vñg {Vgbm Zm‘ Xodr& B§{X¶m{U amJXmogmB§ H$gm¶mB§ {O¶m{U & AAmo gmo
gm ¶ gw{gbm gwê$dm ¶& MoÎm-gwÕ-Voag¶mE gmohUo ‘{OUmo’ {Îm n{gÕ§ hmoB&
{XUo gwßnhmE gm gìd-JwU-g§nÞ§ nwÎm§ ngy¶m& Omd
gmo {VgbmE Jã^o AmJAmo Vmd {gÕËW‘hmam¶ñg Jmo¶‘mB> E¸$mag-‘mhUm ^¶d§ ‘hmdrañg
{dhdmo nB{XUo dS>²T>B & VoU Vñg ~mbñg dÕ‘mUmo n‘wh-grgm g§{V& Vo JUha {Îm Zm‘oU n{gÕm&
{Îm Zm‘ H$¶§ & A½JAmo gmo ~mbmo AßnUmo draÎmoU ^¶d§ ‘hmdrañg g‘mogaU§ Jm‘mUwJm‘§ MbB& Vpå‘
‘‘hmdramo’ {Îm n{gÕmo OmAmo& Vrg d[agmE U§Va§ g‘mogaUo ^¶d§ ‘hmdramo AÕ‘mJhr ^mgmE CdEg§
‘hmdraoU ‘w{U{X³Im J{h¶m& H${T>U-Vd§ H$aUËW§ XoB&
gmo dU§ JAmo& VËW ^Jd§ ‘hmdraoU Xþdmbgd[ago
C½J§ Vd§ H$¶§& Vdp½JUm {d{dh-H$å‘mB§ {dUm{gD$U "nƒoJ-Ordmo {Z¶-H$å‘ñg H$Îmm ^moÎmm ¶&
gmo {ÀM¶ AßnUmo {‘Îmmo A{‘Îmmo ¶& Ordmo O§ O§

6

H$呧 H$aoB V§ V§ gwhmgwh-’$b§ ^w§OB& gwh§ Xþ³I§ na‘mo Yå‘mo hmoB& Aqhgm Yå‘oU gìd Ordogw ‘oÎmr
M nmdoB& Ordmo gwH$å‘oU goQ²>R>Îm§ nmdoB Z Oå‘oU§& hmoB& qhgmE doa^md§ dS²>T>B ¶& AAmo Aqhgm
AAmo ^mo Ordm! {Zƒ§ gwH$呧 H$aoh&' Yå‘ñg Am¶aU§ H$aoh' {Îm CdEg§ XoB& Ed§ n¶maoU
gìdOrdmU§ gwhmdh-Y呧 H${hD$>U ^Jd§ ‘hmdramo
"gìdo Ordm gwh§ BÀN>§{V Z Xþ³I§ & VoU B¶am nmdmCao R>mUo {ZìdmU§ nmdB&
Z nrS>oB& qhgmE XÿamAmo MmE‚mm& Aqhgm gìd-
Yå‘mU§ ‘yb§ ApËW& VoU Aqhgm-OwÎmmo Yå‘mo {ƒ¶

eãXmW©

AAmo - åhUyZ Vdp½JUm - Vnm½ZrZo
AUm¶ma - AZmMma Voag - Voam
A½JAmo - nwT>o Xþdmbg - ~mam
B¶am - BVa ngy¶m - OÝ‘ {Xbm
Bhod - ¶oWo ‘mhUm - ~«mh²‘U
E¸$mag - AH$am {dhdmo - d¡^d
I{Îm¶ - j{̶, amOm doa^md§ - d¡a^md
JUm{hdB - g‘yhmMm à‘wI g‘mogaU - VrWªH$am§Mr Y‘©g^m
J{h¶m - J«hU Ho$br gmohU - ew^, Mm§Jbo
MmE‚mm - ˶mJmdr gwhmdh - gwImdh

ñdmÜ`m`
H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
1) ‘hmdram§Zm ‘‘hmdra’ ¶m ZmdmZo H$m g§~moYʶmV ¶oD$ bmJbo?
2) ^JdmZ ‘hmdram§Zm ‘{OZ’ åhUyZ H$m AmoiIbo OmD$ bmJbo?
3) ^JdmZ ‘hmdram§Zr H$moUVm CnXoe Ho$bm d H$m?

2 àmH¥$V ^mfoV ê$nm§Va H$am.

{Ì e bm M¡Ì dY©‘mZ {Zdm©U

7

3 aoImOmb nyU© H$am. OÝ‘ {R>H$mU
A)



‘wZr Xrjm ^JdmZ ‘hmdra ‘mVm-{nVm
àW_ {eî`
CnXoemMr ^mfm
à‘wI VËËd
{Zdm©U [R>H$mU
~) ^JdmZ ‘hmdra






4 [aH$må¶m OmJm ^am.
1) gìdo Ordm gwh§ BÀN>§{V Z.....&
2) ..... gìd-Yå‘mU§ ‘yb§ ApËW &
3) nƒoJ-Ordmo ..... H$å‘ñg H$Îmm ^moÎmm ¶ &
4) ^Jd§ ‘hmdraoU...... d[ago C½J§ Vd§ H$¶§&

mmm

8

2. n{S>gÔmo

‘n{S>gX²Xmo’ (à{VÜdZr) hr EH$ bmoH$H$Wm AgyZ S>m°. XodràgmX Iad§S>rH$a ¶m§Zr Vr
AY©‘mJYrV ê$nm§V[aV Ho$br Amho. S>m°. Iad§S>rH$a ho g§ñH¥$V d AY©‘mJYr ¶m {df¶mMo godm{Zd¥ËV
àmܶmnH$ AmhoV. g§ñH¥$V H$mì¶boIZm ì¶{V[a³V ˶m§Zr H$mhr g§ñH¥$V d AY©‘mJYr nmR>çnwñVH$m§Mohr
g§nmXZ Ho$bo Amho. ‘g§ñH¥$V n§{S>V’ åhUyZ ‘hmamîQ>´ emgZmZo ˶m§Mm Jm¡ad Ho$bm Amho. ˶m§Zm
{‘imboë¶m AZoH$ nwañH$mam§n¡H$s EZ. gr. B. Ama. Q>r. Mo XmoZ Am{U AmH$medmUrMo XmoZ ho ‘w»¶
nwañH$ma hmoV. emór¶ g§JrVmMmhr ˶m§Mm ì¶mg§J Amho.

na‘oídamH$S>o ‘mJUo ‘mJVmZm Á¶mMm Ogm ^md Agob Vgo ˶mbm ’$i {‘iVo. ho g˶
nmR>mVrb VrZ bmoH$m§À¶m CXmhaUm§dê$Z {XgyZ ¶oVo. åhUyZ à˶oH$mZo ‘ZmV Zoh‘r Mm§JboM ^md R>odmdoV
Ago ¶m nmR>mVyZ ñnîQ> Ho$bobo Amho.

Am[g H$pñg {n A{hQ²R>mUo {gdmbAmodH§$R>o JpÀN§gw & Voqg EJmo OrdU-OÎmmE Cpìd½Jmo {UamgmE
EJ§ ‘wha§ JmoCa§& VËW J§VyU Omo H$moB O§ qH$ {n VËW AmJAmo & ~rAmo bwÕJmo XodX§gUoU A{hJ§
d¶B Vñg n{S>gX²Xmo Vhod gwUB& n{S>gÔmUwamohoU Xìd§ b{hñgm{‘ {V {d¶maoU VËW AmJAmo& VBAmo
’$b§ nmdB pËV OUmU§ drgmgmo & Ah EJ¶m CU ZmUr gmhJmo Zda§ ‘Ug§{V b{hC>§ {gdmb¶§
Jm‘§Va-AmJ¶m {VpÊU OUm Vpñg¨ JmoC>ao H$‘oU nÎmmo &

9

Voqg nT>‘mo EJ§Vo B©gagw‘aU§ H$[aD$U VmaadoU V¶m {dpåhAmo gmo Zamo qMVBo -"Ahm,o g¶§ ^Jd§
d¶B Vd H$E Umh§ qH$ {n H$[aC>§ g‘ËWmo & Vm I‘gw ‘hgo amo {d YU§ Om¶B& gmo ‘o YU§ XmC§ H$h§ nhd‚o mm &
‘§& V³IUo n{S>gX²Xmo C{Æ>Amo& "Vd H$E Umh§ [H§$ {n
H$[aC>§ g‘ËWmo& Vm I‘gw ‘§&' ^¶dAmo B¶§ n{S>d¶U§ AU§Va§ VBAmo ZmUr gmhJmo {dUEU ^mgB -
Am¶pÊUD$U gmo Zamo, A{hJ§ Xþ³I§ AmdÊUmo qMVoB, "O§ O§ ‘‘ g‘rdo ApËW V§ V§ gìd§ Vd Mod& Ah§ Vo
"Ahmo! B©gamo {d Um‘ Ag‘ËWmo, VËW H$m H$hm Xmgmo påh & VAmo n{S>gX²Xmo {d Vhod g‘wßnÊUmo &
gmhmaUOUñg & gmo ZmUr gmhJmo nrD$>gJã^§ V§ d¶§ {Ug呧 Aƒ§V§
n[aVwQ²>R>mo g‘mUmo AßnmU§ H$¶ËW§ ‘ÊUB& Ahdm
~rAmo bmobwAmo Zamo Ed§ ^UB & Ah§ Vd H$E gƒ§ Ed§ CƒB&
qH${M Xìd§ Adñg§ Xo{‘ & na§ Vw‘§ ‘E nhÿ¶§ YU§
Xo‚m & VAmo n{S>gX²Xmo {d Vm[agmo Mod g‘w{Æ>Amo &

Om[agr H$m‘Um Oñg ’$b§ bã^B Vm[ag§ &
Hw$Amo H$Sw>¶-~r¶mAmo ^do‚mm ‘hþa§ ’$b§ &&

eãXmW©

A{hQ²>R>mU - Znw§ (A{YîR>mZ) ñWmZ, OmJm C{Æ>¶ - {d.(CpËWV) CR>bm, CËnÞ Pmbm.

{gdmbA - nw§ ({edmb¶) e§H$amMo ‘§{Xa CdH§$R> - Znw§. (CnH$ÊR>) Odi
Am¶pÊUD$U - (ËdmÝV A.) EoHy$Z ‘wha - {d. (‘wIa) ~mobHo$

JmoCa - Znw§. (Jmonwa) ZJa qH$dm {H$ëë¶m§Mm XadmOm gmhmaUOU - (gmYmaUOZ) gm‘mݶ bmoH$

n[S>gX²XmUwamoh - nw. (à{VÜd{Zamon) à{VÜdZrÀ¶m Za - nw. (Za) ‘mUyg

AZwamoYmZo nhÿ¶ - (à^yV), ^anya Iyn

drgmg - nw. ({dídmg) lX²Ym, {dídmg ‘hoga - nw (‘hoída) ‘hoída

Jm‘§Va-AmJ¶ - {d (J«m‘mÝVamJV) Xþgè¶m JmdmhÿZ Om¶B - (¶mM{V) ¶mMZm H$aUo.

Ambobm H$‘oU - nw§. (H«$‘oU) H«$‘mZo, EH$m‘mJyZ EH$

nhd - {H«$. (à^d) g‘W© AgUo. OrdUOÎmm - ór (OrdZ¶mÌm) Am¶wî¶

gmhJ - nw. (gmYH$) gmYZm Xmg - nw§. (Xmg) Xmg, Jwbm‘, godH$

g‘rdo - A. (g‘rn) Odi AgUo nrD$gJã^§ - {d. (nr¶wfJ^©‘) A‘¥Vmg‘

Cpìd½J - {d. (CX²{d½Z) Ìmgbobm, H§$Q>mibobm Aƒ§V§ - A (A˶§V) A{Ve¶

{Uamgm - ór ({Zamem) {Zamem nmdbobm. n[aVwQ²>R>mo - H$‘© ^y. Ym. {d. g§VwîQ>

bwÕJ - nw§ (bwãYH$) bmo^r AßnmU§ - nw§ (AmË‘mZ§) ñdV:bm.

XodX§gU - Znw§ (XodXe©Z) XodmMo Xe©Z H$¶ËW§ - {d. (H¥$VmW©‘) Yݶ, g’$b

A{hJ§ - A (A{YH$‘) A{YH$ OmñV H$m‘Um - ór (H$m‘Zm) BÀN>m

Xìd§ - Znw (Ðì¶) g§nÎmr. d¡^d, n¡gm g‘ËW - {d. (g‘W©) g‘W© AgUo.

10

{d¶ma - nw§ ({dMma) {dMma V³IUo - A (VËjUo) ˶mMjUr, VËjUr
ZmUr - {d. (kmZr) kmZ {‘i{dbobm I‘§ - j‘m
‘Ug§{V - ór (‘Z:em§Vr) ‘mZ[gH$ g‘mYmZ Om[agr - {d. (¶mÑer) Oer
EJ§V - nw. EH$mÝV Hw$Amo - A (Hw$V:) H$moRy>Z
B©gagw‘aU - Znw. B©ídañ‘aU H$S>w¶~r¶mAmo - Zn.w (H$Q>wH$~rOmV)² {~¶mn§ mgZy
Vmaad - nw. (Vmaad) C§M ñda, ‘moR>m AmdmO ‘hþa - {d (‘Ywa) JmoS>
H$[aD$U - ËdmÝV A춶 (H¥$Ëdm) AmdÊU - {d. (AmnËZ), àmßV Pmbm.

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZmMr CËVao {bhm.
1) {edmb¶mV H$moU Ambo?
2) JmonwamV Agboë¶m n{hë¶m ‘mUgmZo H$moUVr ¶mMZm Ho$br?
3) bmo^r ‘mUgmZo XodmH$S>o H$m¶ ‘m{JVbo.
2 Ago H$moU åhUmbo.

1) “Oo Oo ‘mPo Amho, Vo Vo gd© VwPoM Amho.’’

2) “‘r Vw¶mgmR>r H$mhr H$ê$ eH$V Zmhr, ‘bm j‘m H$am.’’

3) “Aao ao ! Aao ao! B©ídahr Ag‘W© Amho.’’

4) “Ahmo, gmjmV ^JdmZ ‘hoída YZmMr ¶mMZm H$aV Amho.’’

3 g‘mZmWu eãX {bhm.

1) B©ga - 3) Xìd§ -

2) {gd - 4) g§VwÆ> -

4 AY©‘mJYrV eãX {bhm.

1) à{VÜdZr 2) j‘m 3) ^Jd§V 4) ‘hmXod 5) bmbMr 6) kmZr

5 g§X^m©g{hV ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.

1) "Ahmo, g¶§ ^Jd§ ‘hogamo {d YU§ Om¶B& gmo ‘o YU§ XmC>§ H$h§ nhdo‚mm &'

2) "O§ O§ ‘‘ g‘rdo dÅ>B V§ V§ gìd§ Vd Mod & Ah§ Vo Xmgmo påh&'

6 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.



JmonwamV Ambobo VrZ bmoH$



11 mmm

3. gmhþ-ap³I¶§ n‚mmdaU§

ZdZdrZ g§emoYZm§‘wio
{Xdg|{Xdg ‘mZdr OrdZ gwIr
hmoV Agbo Var ‘mZd Z¡g{J©H$
KQ>H$m§Mm An[a{‘V {dZme
H$aV Amho. ˶m‘wio {ZgJm©Vrb
n¶m©daUmMm g‘Vmob {~KSy>Z
gd© àm{U‘mÌm§Mo OrdZ Ymo³¶mV
¶oUma Amho. åhUyZ à˶oH$mZo
n¶m©daUmg AZwHy$b Aem
Z¡g[J©H$ KQ>H$m§Mo ajU Ho$bo
nm{hOo. ‘Zwî¶ Á¶m g¥îQ>rV
amhVmo Vr g¥îQ>r d ‘Zwî¶ ¶m§À¶mVrb g§~§Y Omon¶ªV gm‘§Oñ¶mda AmYmabobo AmhoV Vmon¶ªV Xmohm|Mo
ghOrdZ gm¡»¶nyU© Agob. Joë¶m H$mhr dfmªV bmoH$g§»¶oV hmoV Agbobr ~ogw‘ma dmT>, Am{U
˶mMà‘mUo gwImgrZ Am¶wî¶ OJʶmgmR>r ‘mUgmZo Ho$boë¶m gwYmaUm ¶m§‘wio {ZgJm©Mm g‘Vmob
T>mgiV Amho. n¶m©¶mZo n¶m©daUmV {~KmS> hmoV Amho. n¶m©daU hm eãX ZdrZ Agbm Var ˶mÀ¶mer
g§~§{YV {dMmaYmam hr àmMrZ ^maVr¶ gm{h˶mVhr à{Vq~{~V Pmbobr AmT>iVo. àñVwV CVmè¶mV
‘mZdmÀ¶m H$ë¶mUmgmR>r n¶m©daU {H$Vr ‘hËËdmMo Amho ho XmI{dbo Amho. Voìhm à˶oH$mZo Amnmnë¶m
e³VsZwgma n¶m©daUmMo ajU H$amdo Ago ¶m nmR>mVyZ ñnîQ> Ho$bo Amho.

(nÎmm{U - OUJmo, H$Þm - H$‘bm)

OUJmo - H$‘bo, A{¶ H$‘bo! Ahmo! Z OUJmo - V‘od dmoÎmw§ BÀN>m{‘& n‚mmdaU-{dgE
OmUm{‘, H$ËW J¶m Egm & H$„§ Ood Ood gm dÅ>m& gwU- n‚mmdaU-
gm n‚mmdaU{dgE ‘§ qH${M nwpÀN>ËWm& {d³Iod-H$maUm {JÕ-{dgogmU§
H$‘bo {g½K§ AmJÀN>& H$dmo¶-{dgogmU§ M OmB©Amo bwßnßnm¶m,

H$‘bm - Vm¶, Egm AmJ¶m & ZÆ>nm¶m dm hd§{V&

OUJmo - H$‘bo, {X½K§ H$mb§ Omd h§ h¸$mao{‘& H$‘bm - Ahh & H$h{‘U§ Om¶§?
A{d A‚mV{U¶§ dÅ>nÎm§ Vw‘o n{T>¶§?
H$„§ Ed nmT>gmbmE n‚mmdaU-nmT>mo OUJmo - H$‘bo, EËW Vmd ‘mUdñg
AÁPm{dAmo {V Vw‘o dwÎm§& agUmbmobwdÎmU§, AmIoS>mBgAmo ¶
H$maU§ dÅ>B& ‘mUdmo ^³IUÆ>§ {JÕmU§

H$‘bm - gƒ§ V§! {H$§? H$dmo¶mU§ M dh§ H$aoB& Ed§ AßnoUod
H$mboU§ d½KOmB© {d Xþ„hX§gUm

12

^{dñgB {Îm ‘o V¸$mo& OAmo d½Kñg OUJmo - nñg -
M呧 Zhm{U ¶ ‘Uwñgmo {Z¶JbmhËW§
nC§OB& AdUr AdUrH$mC>§ C‚mwÎmmo Ibw ‘mUdmo &
AßnmU§ AmdB© JÎmo {IdB {Îm Z g§gAmo &&
H$‘bm - Vm¶, d½KmU§ {dUmg§ {dé§{YC>§ gmgUoU
d½Ka³IU-nH$ßnm Cd¸§$Vm& dUmU§ {dUmgoU nmC>g‘mU§ {n
{I‚m‘mU§ XrgB& Ed§ n‚mmdaU-nÊhmo
OUJmo - gƒ‘od V§& H$‘bo, qH$ Vw‘§ OmU{g, O{S>bmo H$Amo ‘UwñgoU§&
d½K{dgE Aåh§ nwìdE{h qH$ ^{U¶§?
h§ nT>m{‘ - H$‘bm - qH$ qH$, ‘UwñgoU? H$h‘o¶§?

{ZìdUmo hÊUB d½Kmo, {Zìd½K§ {N>‚mB dU§& OUJmo - n‚mmdaU{d³Iodñg nhmU§ H$maU§
d½Kmo dU§ {h a³Io‚mm, dU§ d½K§ M a³IC> && ApËW nXÿgU§& V§ M {V{dh§ &
d½Km{hUmo ngwUmo g¶mh[a¶m{U ¶ dmCnXÿgU§, ObnXÿgU§, Pw{UnXÿgU§
M& nXÿgU§ M ‘mUdmo Ed Hw$ìdoB&
dUm{U ‘h{U‚mm{U Ed!
H$‘bm - Vm¶, nXÿgU§ {ZamH$aUËW§ ApËW H$mo
H$‘bm - Vm¶, qH$Vw dÅ>‘mUnËVogw ^y¶mo {d CdmAmo?
^y¶mo n{T>‚mB O§ d½Km Z¶adgBE
n{d{gD$U ngwUmo ~mbJm ¶ ^³I|{V& OUJmo - EËW gmgU§ H$aoB Ed Ohmg{Îm§
V§ ghmdH$m¶ao{h Zao{h qH$ H$m¶ìd§?
d½KmU§ hUU§ {dUm H$m AÊUm JB©? CdmAOmo¶U§& n‚mmdaU{XU§,

OUJmo - Zo¶§ CB¶§& Oh ‘mUdm Vh AÊUo {d dgw§Yam{XU§, dU‘hÿgdmo, A^¶maÊU-
ngwnp³IUmo n¶B-Xod¶mE Adƒm{U
g§{V& dUmB§ Ood O§ gƒ§ ngwn[³IU§ nH$ßn-AmB©Umo AUoJm Cd¸$‘m
{ZdmgËW§ CdH$pßn¶mB§& VËW {d
gËWbmobwdoU ZaoU A¸$‘U§ H$¶§& gmgUoU g‘maÕm& n‚mmdaU{dgAmo
Ed§ {R>E VdpñgUmo ngwnp³IUmo qH$
Zm‘ Hw$‚mm& gìdo {d nm{UUmo {Z¶ AÁP¶U¸$‘o {d g‘mdo{gAmo & qH$Vw
Or{d¶OÎm§ gwhoU AB¸${å‘C§> BÀN>§{V&
EËW ‘mUdmo Iw n‚mmdaU{d³Iod- Zo¶§ n‚mÎm§& Oh E¶§ nwh>dr¶b§ ‘mUdñg
H$maUm AdaÁPB&
H$E hmoB Vh V§ AÊUo{g H$E {d dÅ>B&
H$‘bm - H$h‘o¶§?
gìdo{g§ A{damohoU OB gmo {Zdgo‚mm Vmo

n‚mmdaUñg nÊhmo Z nwUmo Cã^{dñgB&

H$‘bm - Vm¶, ‘E n‚mmdaUñg ‘mhßnU§ g呧
Om{U¶§&

OUJmo - gmhþ! gmhþ!

(C^m{d {Z¸§$Vm)

13

eãXmW©

gmhþ-ap³I¶§ - Mm§Jë¶m àH$mao ajU Ho$bobo dwÎm§ - gm§{JVbo

{g½K§ - Ëd[aV dÅ>m - dmVm©
h¸$mao{‘ - {H«$. ~mobmdVmo {d³Iod - ({djon) hñVjon

dÅ>nÎm /dÅ>‘mUnÎm - dV©‘mZnÌ {JÕ - {JYmS>

A‚mV{U¶§ - AmOMo H$dmo¶ - H$~yVa

n{T>¶§ - dmMbo bwßn - bwßV,

AÁPm{dAmo - {eH${dbo AmIoS>mBgAmo - {eH$marV hmoUmar dmT>.

^³IUÆ>§ - ImʶmgmR>r CB¶ - ¶mo½¶, C{MV

dh§ - h˶m, dY n¶B - {ZgJ©, g¥îQ>r

V¸$mo - VH©$ Adƒm{U - An˶o

M呧 - (M‘©) H$mVS>o, Mm‘S>o CdH$pßn¶mB§ - ¶moObobr
nC§OB - dmnabo OmVo gËWbmobwd - ñdmW© bmobwn

{Zé§{YC§ - Wmon{dʶmgmR>r VdpñgUmo - Jar~, {~Mmao, Vnñdr
Cd¸§$Vm - gwê$ Ho$ë¶m AmhoV Or{d¶OÎm§ - Am¶wî¶H«$‘

{ZìdUmo - ajU H$aUo, g§ajU H$aUo, g‘maÕm - gwê$ Ho$bo AmhoV.
dZa{hV H$aUo n‚mÎm§ - nwaogo

(JmWm ^mdmW© - O§JbmVyZ ~mhoa nS>boë¶m dmKmbm R>ma H$aVmV, O§JbmV dmK Zgob Va O§JbVmoS>
H$aVmV. IamoIa dmKmZo dZmMo ajU H$amdo d dZmZohr dmKmMo ajU H$amdo.)

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
A) dmKm{df¶r nyd©O H$m¶ åhUV hmoVo?

~) n¶m©daUmÀ¶m ajUmgmR>r emgZmZo H$moUH$moUVo CnH«$‘ Mmby Ho$bo?

2 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.

A)



nmR>mVrb nmÌo



14

~) àXÿfUmMo àH$ma





3 g‘mZmWu eãX {bhm.
1) nwh>{d -
2) Za -
3) np³I -
4) OU¶ -
5) H$dmo¶ -

4 AY©‘mJYrV eãX {bhm.
1) n¶m©daU -
2) ajU -
3) dmK -
4) n¥Ïdr -

5 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.


n¶m©daU àXyfUmMr H$maUo

6 CnH«$‘ :-
(i) n¶m©daUmda AmYm[aV àH$ën V¶ma H$am.

(ii) àm{Ug§J«mb¶mg ^oQ> Xçm.

mmm

15

4. g§~mohogw A§Va§

O¡Z Y‘m©‘ܶo EHy$U
Mmodrg VrWªH$a AmhoV. ˶m§Zm
XodXodVm§À¶mnojmhr loîR> ñWmZ
{Xbo OmVo. VrWªH$am§À¶m gd© à{V>‘m
nÙmgZmV EH$gma»¶m {XgVmV.
˶m‘wio H$moUVr à{V‘m H$moU˶m
VrWªH$am§Mr Amho ho g‘OʶmgmR>r
˶m ˶m à{V‘oÀ¶m nmXnrR> nÅ>rda
doJdoJir bm§N>Z ({MÝho) H$moabobr
AgVmV. ¶m {MÝhm§À¶m ‘mܶ‘m§VyZ
˶m ˶m VrWªH$am§Mm n[aM¶ hmoʶmg
‘XV hmoVo.

¶m {MÝhm§Mo ñnîQ>rH$aU
H$aʶmgmR>r àñVwV nmR>mV gmYy
Am{U dmZa ¶m§À¶m g§dmXmMr EH$
A˶§V ‘Zmoa§OH$ d ~moYàX Aer
ê$nm§V[aV H$Wm Ambobr Amho. ˶mVyZ ‘mZdr ñd^mdmMo Xe©Z KS>Vo. gXa H$Wm hr AmMm¶© {dXçmZ§X
‘wZtÀ¶m JwédmUrVyZ KoVbr Amho.

EJpå‘ Jm‘o MC>drg-{VËW¶amU n{S>‘mE Oñg Vñg gê$doU V§ V§ n{S>‘mE {MÊh§ nmgo V§ V§
OwÎm§ EJ§ {OUmb¶§ ApËW& EJ¶m EJmo dmUamo V§ ngy np³I§ M {MÆ>mdoB&
{OUmb¶på‘ ndo{gAmo & gmo dmUamo {OUmb¶på‘
gìdo n{S>‘mE XÆz>U AB©d {dpåhAmo hmoB& gmo Vm{U qH${M dobmE Vpå‘ {OUmbE EJm ‘{hbm
gìdm{U ‘wÎmrE {Z[ap³IC>§ b½Jm& VAmo H$mo n{S>‘mE {VËW¶añg X§gUËW§ AmJ¶m& V§ {OUmbE {d{dhm
nm¶nrT>-nÅ>rE Cd[a¨ dg^mo, H$mo {d n{S>‘mE ngw-np³IUmo XÆz>U gm ‘{hbm ^¶^r¶§ hmoD$U
Añg, Vm H$mo {d n{S>‘mE hpËW-qghmB {MÊh§ {XÆ>B& ‘wpÀN>¶m Om¶m& V¶U§Va§ VËW EJmo gmhÿ V§ {VËW¶a-
V¶U§Va§ {Z¶-{MÎm§ XÆz>U AB©d {dpåhAmo OmAmo& n{S>‘mE X§gUËW§ AmJAmo&

V§ {X{Æ>D$U gmo dmUamo {OUmb¶ñg ~m{ha§ gmo gmhÿ X§gUËW§ {OUmb¶på‘ ndogB
AmJ§VyU aÊUo JAmo& gìd ngw-np³IUmo gÔm{dD$U {OUmb¶på‘ nƒoJm n{S>‘mE nmgo {d{dh-
Vo gìdmU {Z¶g‘§ KoÎmyU V§ {OUmb¶på‘ AmJAmo & ngwnp³IU¨ XÆz>U {d gmo ^¶^r¶§ Z hmoB& {Zã^¶-
{MËVoU, gìd-n{S>‘mE X§gU§ H$aoB& Omd gmo gmhÿ

16

A{hU§XU-n{S>‘mE nmg§ d§XUËW§ Z‘B Vmd VËW dmUamo ¶ Xþdo {d ~hþb§ H$mb§ {ddmX§ H$aopÝV&
Cd{dgmo V§ dmUamo AB©d h[a{gD$U {Z¶-hËW§ Cd[a¨
H$[aD$U gmhþ§ Amgrdm¶§ XoB& V§ XÆz>U gmo gmhÿ dmUa§ V¶U§Va§ gmhÿ ^UB, "‘UwñgmU garañg
^UB, "^mo dmUamo! Vwã^o U d§Xm{‘ & Ah§ E¶§ ^Jd§ AmH$ma§ g‘mU§ ApËW& VoU H$maUoU H$ñg {d n[aM¶§
n{S>‘mE d§Xm{‘ & V§ gmhþñg d¶U§ gw{UD$U dmUaoU Z hmopÝV& AAmo n{S>‘mE Cd[a¨ ‘Uwñgñg {MÊh§ U
^UB, ‘OB Ah§ ^Jd§ ZpËW Vmo {d B‘mE n{S>‘mE {MÎmmaopÝV& ngwn{³IUm gara-AmH$ma§ {^Þ-{^Þ§
‘‘ {MÊh§ qH$ {MÎmmaoB? V§ dmUañg d¶U§ gw{UD$U ApËW& VoU H$maUoU n{S>‘mE n[aM¶H$aUËW§ gwb^§
gmhþ ^UB, ‘B‘m n{S>‘m nmgmUñg ApËW B‘på‘ hmoB& VoU§ nƒoJ-n{S>‘mE nm¶nrT-nÅ>rE Cd[a¨
H$qh ^Jd§ ApËW?' {d{dh§ {MÊh§ {MÎmmaopÝV&

VAmo gmhþ dwÎm§, ‘EE A{hU§XUßn^y ApËW& V§ gmhÿ d¶U§ gw{UD$U dmUaoU dwÎm§, "A‚m
dmUaoU ^UB, ‘E¶§ Vw‘§ H$h§ OmU{g? gmhÿ ^{U¶§ ‘E EJ§ ’w$S>§ hmoB, ‘Uwgm ~m{ha§ AmH$maoU EJg[agm
‘n{S>‘mE nm¶nrT>nÅ>rE Cd[a¨ dmUa-{MÊhoU Ah§ {XÆ>§{V qH$Vw A§Va‘UoU {^Þ-{^Þ§ hmopÝV& gìdo
OmUm{‘& V§ gw{UD$U dmUaoU ^{U¶m, ‘^Jd§ ngwnp³IUm{d ~m{ha§ AmH$maoU {^Þ§ {^Þ§ garam
A{hU§XU-ßn^wñg n{S>‘mE g‘rd§ ‘‘§ {d {MÎm§ hmopÝV qH$Vw {h¶EU EJg[agm hmopÝV& AAmo
ApËW VoU Ah§ {d ^Jd§ ApËW! Ed§ n¶mao gmhÿ ‘mUdmAmo {d ngwnp³I¨ goÆ>§ ApËW& VoU H$maUoU
^Jd§ n{S>‘mE g‘rd§ R>mU§ nmdoB&

eãXmW©

{VËW¶a - VrWªH$a nmgmU - XJS>
’w$S>§ - ñnîQ> hmoUo {h¶¶ - öX¶
{dåh¶ - AmíM¶© goƧ - loîR>
aÊU - O§Jb d¶U§ - ~mobUo
n{S>‘m - à{V‘m nm¶nrT> - ‘yVuImbrb XJS>nÅ>r

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 AY©‘mJYrV g‘mZmWu eãX {bhm.
1) {dåh¶
2) n³Ir
3) aÊU
4) ‘{hbm

17

2 KQ>ZmH«$‘ {bhm.
1) EJm ‘{hbm {VËW¶añg X§gUËW§ AmJ¶m &
2) EJmo dmUamo V§ {OUmb¶på‘ ndo{gAmo &
3) Ah§ E¶§ ^Jd§ n{S>‘mE d§Xm{‘&
4) EJmo gmhÿ V§ {VËW¶a-n{S>‘mE X§gUËW§ AmJAmo &
5) EJpå‘ Jm‘o MCdrg-{VËW¶amU n{S>‘mE OwÎm§ EJ§ {OUmb¶§ ApËW&

3 g§X^m©gh ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.
1) “^mo dmUamo! Vwã^o U d§Xm{‘&’’
2) “OB Ah§ ^Jd§ ZpËW Vmo, {d B‘mE n{S>‘mE ‘‘ {MÊh§ qH$ {MÎmmaoB?’’

4 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.


H$mJmo np³I

5 JQ>mV Z ~gUmam eãX AmoiIm.

hpËW JO damh Hw§$Oa

grh gma§J h[a Ho$g[a

6 CnH«$‘ :- {d{dY ‘§{Xam§Zm ^oQ>r XoD$Z ˶m§Mr ‘m{hVr g§J«hrV H$am.

mmm

18

5. gƒdmUñg gm{dÎmr

‘gm{dÌr’ åhQ>bo H$s, Amnë¶m S>moiçm§g‘moa gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$bo Am{U g˶dmZmMr gm{dÌr
¶m§Mo H$UIa, Y¡¶©erb, ~w{Õ‘mZ d g§H$Q>H$mimVhr g§¶‘ Z gmoS>Umao ì¶p³V‘Ëd C^o amhVo.

XþîQ>m§Zm Am{U ê$T>r na§nam§Zm Z Ow‘mZVm gm{dÌr~mB© ’w$bo§Zr ‘{hbm§gmR>r emim MmbdyZ
AkmZmÀ¶m OmoIS>rVyZ {ó¶m§Mr ‘w³VVm Ho$br Va g˶dmZmÀ¶m gm{dÌrZo ¶‘mÀ¶m ‘¥Ë¶w’$memVyZ
ñdV:À¶m nVrMr ‘w³VVm Ho$br. Aem ¶m Y¡¶©erb, ~w{Õ‘mZ, MVwa ì¶p³V‘Ëd Agboë¶m g˶dmZmÀ¶m
gm{dÌrMm n[aM¶ ZdrZ {nT>rbm hmoUo JaOoMo Amho.

g˶dmZmMr gm{dÌr hr AídnVrMr EHw$bVr EH$ ‘wbJr. Vr VméʶmV Amë¶mda Amnë¶m
OrdZgmWrXmamMr {ZdS> Vr ñdV:M H$aVo. na§Vw XþX£dmZo {VMm nVr Aënm¶wfr R>aVmo. ¶‘amO Amnë¶m
nVrMm àmU KoD$Z OmV AgVmZm gm‘mݶ órà‘mUo Vr AmH«$moe H$aV Z ~gVm ¶‘mÀ¶m nmR>r‘mJyZ
OmD$ bmJVo. Voìhm ¶‘ Am{U gm{dÌr ¶mÀ¶m§V Omo g§dmX Pmbm Vmo gm{dÌrMr ~w{Õ‘Îmm, Y¡¶©, g§¶‘
B. {d{dY JwU ñnîQ> H$aUmam AgyZ àmMrZH$mbrZ ^maVr¶ {ó¶m§Mo loîR>Ëd ñnîQ> H$aUmamhr Amho. Vmo
g§dmX g§{jßVnUo ¶m nmR>mV AZwdm{XV Ho$bobm Amho. Voìhm Vmo AmXe© S>moiçmg‘moa R>oD$Z AmOÀ¶m
VéU ^maVr¶ {ó¶mhr à{VHy$b pñWVrda ‘mV H$ê$Z AmnUhr g˶dmZmÀ¶m d ’w$b|À¶m gm{dÌrà‘mUo
Y¡¶©erb, ~w{Õ‘mZ, g~bm {ó¶m Agë¶mMo XmIdyZ XoVrb Agm ¶m nmR>mMm CÔoe Amho.

19

O‘am¶ - gm{dÎmr Vw‘§ ‘‘ ‘½Jo qH$ E{g? Vd gm{dÎmr - ‘‘ nB Vw‘§ g‘rd§ ApËW& nB§ ‘w§{MD$U
nBñg ‘ƒy hmoB& VAmo nBñg Xohñg Ah§ H$qh JÀN>m{‘? ~r¶§ Vw‘§ ‘‘
A§Vg¸$ma§ H$aoh& gìd§ BÀN>m nwÊU§ H$ao{g& AÊU§, Vw‘§
‘‘ gìdd¶U§ gw{UD$U VoU n‘mU§
gm{dÎmr - nBñg ‘½Jo {Za§Va§ JÀN>h {Îm ^mahr¶ H$[aËWm& VAmo Ed§ n¶mañg X¶md§Vñg
ZmarE Y呧 ApËW& VoU Ah§ ‘‘ nBñg ‘w§{MD$U Ah§ AÊUÎm§ H$qh U JÀN>m{‘&
‘½Jo E{‘&
O‘am¶ - gm{dÎmr, Ed§ n¶mañg VwÁP d¶U§
O‘am¶ - VwÁP nB{UÆ>m XÆz>U ‘‘§ Aƒ§V§ AmU§X§ gw{UD$U ‘‘ {d {h¶E X¶m^md§
hmoB& VAmo nBñg nmU§ ‘w§{MD$U AÊU§ {Zå‘mU§ hmoB& VAmo da§ ‘½Jgw&
H$mo{d da§ ‘½Jgw&
gm{dÎmr - ‘E nwÎm§ hmoñgB&
gm{dÎmr - ‘‘ ggwa§ {XÆ>r ZpËW Vñg {X{Ƨ Xoh&
O‘am¶ - Vd BÀN>m {g½K§ nwÊU§ hmoC& EpÊh¨ Vm
O‘am¶ - "Am‘§ {V&' EpÊh¨ Vw‘§ JÀN>& MbUñg JÀN&
{ZaËWH§$ H$Æ>§ Z Ko{g&
gm{dÎmr - E¶§ {dñg§ g§V-gwnw[agñg Am¶ma-
gm{dÎmr - ‘‘ nB© OËW JpÀN>ñgB VËW Ah§ {d {d¶maoU Yå‘ZrB©EU {ƒ¶ VaB&
JpÀN>ñgm{‘& nBg‘§ JÀN>§VmU ‘‘ ^mahr¶ g¸$B©E nBñgg‘§ {ƒ¶ nwÎm§
qH${M {d H$Æ>§ Z hmoB& ~rAmo Vw‘§ ghmd§ ‘ÊUB& E¶§ Vw‘§ {n OmU{g&
{d gwnw[agmU Bd ApËW VoU Ah§ Vw‘§
g‘§ ~mo„m{‘& O‘am¶ - ^mo M[aÎmg§nÊU-BËWrE! Vw‘§ E¶§
d¶UoU Ah§ A{h¶§ AmU§X§ hmo{‘& Vm
O‘am¶ - ^mo gm{dÎmr ! VwÁP d¶UoU ‘‘ {h¶¶§ da§ ‘½Jgw!
ngÞ§ hmoB& nBñg nmU§ ‘w§{MD$U AÊU§
H$mo {d da§ ‘½Jgw& gm{dÎmr - Vwåho ‘E nwÎmñg da§ Xo{g& VoU Ah§
Vw‘§ Am^ma§ ‘ÊUm{‘& qH$Vw ‘‘ nB© ‘E
gm{dÎmr - ‘‘ ggwañg J¶-{dhd§ nwUmo nm{dñgB& g‘§ ZpËW& Vm ‘E nwÎm§ H$h§ hmoB? OB
B¶amAmo nw[agmAmo nwÎm§ nmdB Vm bmoJm
O‘am¶ - Vhod {ƒ¶ hmoC& EpÊh¨ Vm Vw‘§ JÀN>& ‘E AgB§ g§~mo{hñgpÝV& ~r¶§ nBñg
{dUm Ah§ ‘¶d§ ApËW& VAmo nB{dUm
gm{dÎmr - O‘am¶ Vw‘§ gìd§ Yå‘-{Z¶‘§ OmU{g ‘E qH${n BÀN>m ZpËW&
VoU Vw‘§ ¶‘§ {Îm Zm‘oU g§~mohB& ~rAmo
Vw‘§ gÎmwñg {d {h¶§ qMV{g& XrUOUmU O‘am¶ - gm{dÎmr! Vw‘§ Aƒ§V§ MCam ApËW&
Cd[a¨ {d AUwH§$nm H$ao{g& Vw‘E ‘E g§^mgUpå‘ {O¶{g & Vw‘§
gƒ§ gìdgoÆ>§ BËWr ApËW& Vd E¶§ {n
O‘am¶ - gm{dÎmr! VwÁP d¶U§ VÊhmOrdñg Ob§ BÀN>m nwÊU§ hmoC {Îm ^{UD$U g§VwÆ->
Bd ApËW& V§ gw{UD$U ‘‘ {h¶¶§ g§VwÆ>§ {h¶EU O‘amEU gm{dÎmrE nBñg nmU§
hmoB& VAmo gƒdmUñg nmUmE {dUm {d XoB&
AÊU§ da§ ‘½Jgw &

gm{dÎmr - ‘‘ {nCUmo d§gd–rE EJ§ {d nwÎm§
ZpËW & Vmd Vñg nwÎm§ ^{dñgB&

O‘am¶ - Vhod {ƒ¶ hmoC& EpÊh¨ Vm {d Vw‘§
JÀN>gw&

20

‘ƒy - ‘¥Ë¶y eãXmW©
nB© - nVr
‘w§{MD$U - gmoSy>Z ~rAmo - Xþgao
da§ - BÀN>m, Anojm, AmH$m§jm Bd - à‘mUo, g‘mZ, gmaIo
ggwa - gmgao {h¶¶ - öX¶, ‘Z
Amåm§ - H$~yb H$aUo, ‘mݶ H$aUo {dhd§ - d¡^d
H$Æ>§ - H$îQ> nm{dñgB - àmßV hmoD$ Xo
{ZaËWH§$ - {ZaW©H$, ì¶W© EpÊh¨ - AmVm
{h¶§ - {hV bm^ g§~mohB - g§~moYZo, CƒmaUo
VÊhm - VhmZboë¶m gÎmwñg - eÌyMo
{nCUmo - {nVm˦m Vd - VwPr
d–rE - d¥X²Yr, dmT>rgmR>r {g½K§ - Vm~S>Vmo~
g‘rd§ - g‘doV, Odi {dñg - {díd, OJ
H$qh - H$moR>o Am¶ma - AmMma
AÊUÎm§ - AÝ¶Ì VaB - VaUo, MmbUo, ApñVËdmV AgUo
BËWrE - órZo g³H$B©E - g§ñH¥$VrV
A{h¶§ - A{YH$ ‘ÊUB - ‘mݶVm AgUo
dÎm‘mU - dV©‘mZH$mimVrb AgB§ - AgVr, Mm[aͶhrZ
H$h§ - H$er ‘¶d§ - ‘¥VdV
B¶amAmo - BVam§nmgyZ ‘E - ‘bm, ‘mPr
~mo{h - ~wX²Yr g§^mgUpå‘ - ~mobʶmV
WoB‘m - Aer, hr {O¶{g - qOH$bog
dgU§ - g§H$Q>

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 EH$m dm³¶mV CËVao {bhm.
1) gm{dÌr H$moUmMr ‘wbJr hmoVr?
2) ¶‘mZo gm{dÌrg ‘¥V earamMo H$m¶ H$amd¶mg gm§{JVbo.?
3) gm{dÌrZo àW‘ daXmZmgmR>r H$moUVr BÀN>m 춳V Ho$br?

21

4) ¶‘mZo BpÀN>V daàmßVrgmR>r gm{dÌrg H$moUVr AQ> KmVbr hmoVr?
5) gm{dÌrZo ñdV:gmR>r H$moUVm da ‘m{JVbm?
6) ^maVr¶ órMo à‘wI d¡{eîQ>ç H$moUVo?

2 àmH¥$VmVrb eãX {bhm.

1) ‘mJ© 5) Xwgao

2) ‘¥Ë¶y 6) AݶÌ

3) gmoSy>Z 7) {edm¶

4) gmgao 8) AmVm

3 dU© ~Xb ñnîQ> H$am
1) nB 5) gÎmy
2) gm{dÎmr 6) gìd
3) O‘am¶ 7) ghmd
4) {dhd 8) nmU

4 ê$no AmoiIm. 5) hmoC
1) nm{dñgB 6) ApËW
2) ggwañg 7) hmoB
3) {h¶§ 8) JÀN>{g
4) gw{UD$U

5 ì¶p³V{MÌU aoImQ>m.
1) gm{dÌr 2) ¶‘amO

6 Imbrb eãXm§gmR>r nmR>mVrb eãX emoYm.

1) ór 3) Xþgam

2) d¡^d 4) ‘¥Ë¶y

7 CnH«$‘ :- àñVwV nmR>mà‘mUo EImXr H$Wm ZmQ>çmV ê$nm§V[aV H$am.

mmm

22

6. A¶hma¶-{XÆ>§V§

"A¶hma¶-{XÆ>§V§'hm nmR>
AY©‘mJYr O¡Z AmJ‘ J«§WmVrb
"am¶ngo{U¶-gwÎm§' ¶m Xþgè¶m
Cnm§J J«§Wm‘YyZ KoVbobm Amho.
am¶ngo{U¶ J«§W åhUOo AmJ‘
e¡brMo EH$ Img d¡{eîQ>çM hmo¶.

àXoer amOm Amnbm
nma§n[aH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU gmoS>ʶmg
V¶ma Zgë¶m‘wio ˶mMm {dH$mg
Iw§Q>bobm hmoVm. åhUyZ Ho$grHw$‘ma
‘wZr ˶mbm CnXoemVyZ g‘OmdyZ
gm§JVmV ho amOm, H$mimZwgma Amnë¶m AmMma-{dMmam‘ܶo n[adV©Z Ho$bo Va Amnbr àJVr hmoD$Z
gwImMr àmßVr hmoVo. na§Vw H$mimZwgma ñdV:‘ܶo n[adV©Z Ho$bo Zmhr Va Xþ:I ^moJmdo bmJVo {edm¶
níMmVmnhr H$aʶmMr doi ¶oVo. WmoS>³¶mV H$mimZwgma n[adV©Z H$aUo H$go Amdí¶H$ Amho Vo bmoI§S>mMo
AmoPo dmhUmè¶m ‘Zwî¶mÀ¶m CXmhaUmVyZ ¶oWo ñnîQ> Ho$bo Amho.

àmMrZ H$mimVrb Mm§Jë¶m KQ>H$m§Mm ñdrH$ma H$aʶm~amo~a AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb d¡km{ZH$
àJVrMmhr ñdrH$ma Ho$bm Va OrdZ gwIH$a hmoʶmg H$er ‘XV hmoVo Vo ¶m nmR>mV nwT>rbà‘mUo ñnîQ>
Ho$bo Amho. ˶mMm {dXçm϶mªZm ^mdr OrdZmV {ZpíMVM Cn¶moJ hmoB©b Ago dmQ>Vo.

VE U§ nEgr am¶m Ho${gHw$‘ma-g‘U§ Ed§ VAmo Ho$grHw$‘ma-g‘Uo d¶mgr, "^mo nEgr,
d¶m{g, Ed§ Ibw ^§Vo, ‘‘ A‚mJñg Egm gÞm go OhmZm‘E Ho$B nw[agm AËWËWr, AËW-Jdogr,
Omd g‘mogaUo Ohm V§ Ordmo V§ gara§ Zmo AÝZmo AËW-{ndm{g¶m, AËW-JdogU¶mE {dCb§ n{U¶-
Ordmo AÝZ§ gara§& V¶U§Va§ M U§ ‘‘ {nCUmo {d Egm ^§S>‘m¶mE gw~h§þ ^Îm-nmU-nËW¶U§ Jhm¶ EJ§ ‘h§
gÝZm& V¶U§Va§ ‘‘ {d Egm gÝZm Omd g‘mogaU§& AJm{‘V§ Xrh‘Õ§ AS>qd AUwn{dÆ>m'& VE U§ Vo nw[agm
V§ Zmo Ibw Ah§ ~hþ-nw[ag-na§namJ¶-AmJ¶m Hw$b- Vrgo AJm{‘¶mE AS>drE H§${M Xog§ AUwnÎmm g‘mUm
{Zpñg¶§ {XqÆ> N>§S>oñgm{‘& EJ§ ‘h§ A¶mJa§ nmg§{V V§ AEU§ gìdAmo g‘§Vm
AmBÊU§ {dpËWÊU§ JmT>§ n[anwÊU§ A¶mJa§ nm{gD$U
VE U§ Ho$gr -Hw$‘ma-g‘Uo nEqg am¶§ Ed§ hÆ>VwÆ>m namoßna§ Ed§ gÔmd|{V, "^mo XodmUwpßn¶m,
d¶mgr- ‘‘ U§ Vw‘§, nEgr, nÀN>mUwVm{dE ^do‚mm{g Ah§ A¶^maE ~§{YÎmE {Îm H$Åx> AÞ§ AÝZñg Ed§
Ohm go nw[ago A¶hmaE& Ho$ U§ ^§Vo, go A¶hmaE? AÆ>§ n{S>gwU|{V& A¶^ma§ ~§{YD$U AhmUwnwìdrE
g§npËW¶m'&

23

VE U§ Vo nw[agm AJm{‘¶mE Omd AS>drE a¶UmJa§, doSy>amJa§ nmg§{V& nƒoJ-dobmE gìdo bmoJm
H§${M Xog§ AUwnÎmm g‘mUm EJ§ VC-AmJa§ nmg§{V& {Z¶-^ma§ n[adÎmU§ H$aopÝV& H$‘oU Vo nw[agm OoUod
VAmo AÞ§ AÝZ§ gÔmd|{V, "Eg U§ XodmUwpßn¶m VC- g¶m OUd¶m, OoUod g¶m Z¶amB§ VoUod CdmJÀN>§{V&
^§S>o Omd ‘Um‘o& AßnoU Mod VCEU§ gw~hþ§ AE doSy>¶-{d¸$¶U§ H$[aD$U gw~hþ-Xìd§ nmd§{V& V§
bã^B& VAmo E¶§ go¶§ Ibw, XodmUwpßn¶m A¶-^ma¶§ Xìd§ n^mdo[h§ gw~hþ-Xmgr-Xmg-Jmo-‘{hg-JdobJ§
N>È>oÎmm VC¶^maE ~§{YÎmE' {Îm H$Åx> AÝZ‘ÝZñg Ed§ {JÊh§{V& AÆ>Vb{g¶dqS>gJo H$mamd|{V& ZmS>Eqh
AÆ>§ n{S>gw{UD$U A¶^ma§ N>È>|{V& VC^ma§ ~§Y§{V& da-VéUr-g§nCÎmo{h BÆ>o gÔ-’$[ag§ {dha§{V&

qH$Vw VAmo VËW U§ EJo nw[ago Zmo g§MmEB VE U§ go A¶-^ma-dh§Vmo nw[agmo OoUod
A¶^ma§ N>{È>ÎmE VC¶^ma§ ~§{YÎmE& VE U§ Vo nw[agm {Z¶-Z¶ao VoUod CdmJÀN>B& A¶-^maoU Jhm¶
V§ nw[ag§ Ed§ d¶mgr, Eg U§, XodmUwpßn¶m, VC¶- A¶-{d{¸$UU§ H$aoB& VAmo Vñg Aƒ§V§ Aßn-‘mo„§
^§S>o Omd gw~hþ§ AE bã^B& V§ N>È>o{h U§ XodmUwpßn¶m nmdB& PrU-n[aìdE go nw[agmo Vo nw[agmU§ Cpßn¨
A¶-^maJ§, VC^maJ§ ~§Ym{h& nmgm¶daJE XÆz>U Ed§ qMVoB, "Ahmo U§ Ah§ AYÞmo,
AnwÊUmo, AH$¶ËWmo AH$¶-b³IUmo {h[a-{g[a-
VE U§ go nw[ago Ed§ d¶mgr, "XÿamhS>o ‘o d{‚mE hrU-nwÊU-MmCÔgo Xþa§V-n§V-b³IUo & OB§
XodmUwpßn¶m AE; VoU ABJmT>-~§YU-~Õo ‘o U§ Ah§ {‘ÎmmU dm ZmB©U dm {Z¶JmU dm gwU|VAmo,
XodmUwpßn¶m AE Zmo g§MmE{‘ A¶^maJ§ NXmo N>È>oÎmm Vmo U§ Ah§ {n Ed§ Mod Cpßn¨ nmgm¶- daJE Omd
VC¶-^maJ§ ~§{YÎmE& {dha§Vmo& go VoU AÆ>oU§ nEgr Ed§ dwƒB, ‘E U§ Vw‘§,
nE{g nÀN>mUwVm{dE ^do‚mm{g Ohm ìd go nw[ago
VE U§ nw[agm V§ nw[ag§ Omho Zmo g§MmE§{V ~hþqh A¶hmaE'&
AmKdUm{h ¶ nÞdUm{h ¶ V¶m AhmUwnwìdrE
g§npËW¶m& Ed§ n¶mao Vå~mJa§, éßnmJa§, gwdÊUmJa§, (am¶ngo{U¶gwÎm- ‘A¶hma¶{XÆ>§V§’)

eãXmW©

A¶ - bmoI§S> Xrh‘Õ - bm§~M bm§~, Xÿa
A¶hma¶ - bmoI§S>mMo AmoPo dmhUmam XÿamhS>o - XÿahÿZ AmUUo
A‚mJ - AmOmo~m Xþa§V - XyanmgyZ,Á¶mMm n[aUm‘ dmB©Q> hmoVmo Ago
AËWËWr - AWm©Wu, Ðì¶mgmR>r VC - {ego
AJm{‘¶ - AJ«m{‘H$, Jmda{hV V§~ - Vm§~o
A¶mJa - bmoI§S>mMr ImU, gmR>m ‘U - ‘mZUo
AB-JmT> - A{Ve¶, A{YH$ n{U¶ - {dH«$sbm¶H$ dñVy
AmKdUm - à{VnmXZ H$aUo, g‘Om{dUo nËW¶U - ^moOZ, {eXmoar
AH$¶ËW - AH¥$VmW©, XþX£dr n{S>gw¶ - ñdrH$maUo
AËW - AW©, Ðì¶, n¡gm n§V - (àm§V) eodQ>n¶©ªV

24

D${g‘ - C§M éßn - ê$no, Mm§Xr
CdÀN>S>§ - H$mR>moH$mR> ^abobo Jmo - Jm¶
N>È> - gmoS>Uo, ˶mJUo doSy>a - d¡Sy>a, aËZ, {ham
{XÆ>§V - ÑîQ>m§V, CXmhaU d{S>§gJ - ^yfU, dg§VH$
gÊUm - g§km, lX²Ym, g‘OyV gÀN>S>§ - n[anyU©

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 g§X^m©gh ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.
1) V§ Ordmo V§ gara§ Zmo AÝZmo Ordmo AÞ§ gara§&
2) Ho$ U§ ^§Vo go A¶hmaE?
3) ‘m U§ Vw‘§, nEgr, nÀN>mUwVm{dE ^do‚mmqg Ohm d go nw[ago Am¶aE&
4) XyamhS>o ‘o XodmUwpßn¶m AE VoU ABJmT>-~§YU-~Õo ‘o&

2 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CÎmao {bhm.
1) Ho$erHw$‘ma ‘wZtZr àXoer amOmg CnXoe H$m Ho$bm?
2) Ðì¶mO©ZmgmR>r Joboë¶m nwéfm§Zr H$m¶ Ho$bo?
3) bmoI§S>mMo AmoPo dmhUmè¶m nwéfmZo Amnë¶m Amo¶m‘ܶo ~Xb H$m Ho$bm Zmhr?
4) Amo¶m‘ܶo n[adV©Z Ho$boë¶m nwéfm§Zm H$moUVo bm^ Pmbo?
5) bmoI§S>mMo AmoPo dmhUmè¶m nwéfmbm níMmVmn H$m H$amdm bmJbm?

3 àmH¥$VmV ê$nm§Va H$am.

àXoer amOm Vm§~o ZmQ>H$ n¡emgmR>r ñZmZ
nwʶa{hV ‘¥X§J
ZmVodmB©H$ bmoI§S>mMo AmoPo

4 ê$no AmoiIm. d¶m{g H$[aD$U ZmS>Eqh Z¶ao
nmgpÝV nw[ago nw[ag§

N>S>oñgm{‘

5 g‘mZmWu eãX {bhm.

1) am¶m - 2) AËW -

mmm

25

n‚m - {d^mJmo

26

1. aÆ>^Îmr

^maV ho ‘hmZ amîQ´> Amho. ¶oWrb g§nyU© amîQ´>r¶ g‘mO hoM Amnë¶m gdmªMo EH$‘od lÕmñWmZ
Amho. amîQ´>Y‘© hr EH$ g§OrdZ e³Vs Amho. ¶mVM gd© g‘mOmMr CÞVr, g§nyU© amîQ´>mMm CËH$f©
A{^àoV Amho.

OmV, n§W, ^mfm, àm§V AWdm nj ¶mgma»¶m Aݶ H$moU˶mhr JmoîQ>tMm {dMma ¶m
amîQ´>^³VsÀ¶m AmS> ¶oD$ Z XoVm Amnbo amîQ´> CËH$fm©bm H$go OmB©b ¶mMmM à˶oH$mZo ܶmg KoVbm
nm{hOo. AmO Xþ~içm d Ae³V g‘mO KQ>H$m§Zm amîQ´>^³VsMo YS>o XoʶmMr JaO dmQ>Vo. ˶mgmR>r gd©
amîQ´>Y‘m©À¶m àUo˶m§Zr Ho$bobo H$m¶© AmO VéUm§À¶m nwT>o R>odbo nm{hOo. H$maU ¶mVyZ VéU dJm©bm ‘moR>r
àoaUm {‘iob.AmOÀ¶m VéU {nT>rbm amîQ´> åhUOo H$m¶? amîQ´>Y‘© åhUOo H$m¶? ho H$iboM nm{hOo.

"ñdJm©X{n Jar¶gr' Aem Amnë¶m amîQ´>m~Ôb lÕm^md d AmXa amIyZ Amnbo amîQ´> OJmV
gd©loîR> Amho. Vo {Ma§VZ ahmdo åhUyZ gVV AmnU à¶ËZerb AgUo hr Iè¶m amîQ´>^³VsMr JaO
Amho. Ago ‘hmZ {dMma gm§JUmar hr H${dVm lr ’y$bMÝX O¡Z ào‘r, (dmamUgr) ¶m§Zr {b{hbr. ¶m
H${dVoV em¡agoZr àmH¥$V ^mfoMr d¡[eîQ>ço nhm¶bm {‘iVmV.

Egmo ‘o AB-Jmadmo O§ ^maho Oå‘ ‘o OmXmo&
dra! ‘‘ qXVw g{Îm Ooqg aÆx>ËWmU§ gAm hmo{‘ Ëmßnamo &&1&&
dra! aÆ>^{Îm-g‘pßnXmo hmo{X gXm ‘‘ {hX²Xmo&
hmoXþ gwhr bhXþ g§{V {dUgXþ gAm AÊUmU{V{‘amo&&2&&

27

Aqhgm-g‘Xm-I§{V, {dñg~§YwÎm-n¶mgAmo &
g{‘Õmo-{n¶Xogmo ‘o gXm gmo O¶Xþ ^maXmo &&3&&

J§Jm M JmoXmdar, $H$Êhm, H$mdoar Vw gwgmo{^Xm gXm&
{h‘mb¶mXmo qdÁPßnXog§ {dÆ>mo O¶oXþ ‘o ^maX^y{‘-^mJmo &&4&&

am‘-{H$Êh-~wÕ-dram OmAm Apñg¨ AB-n{dÎm-Xogpå‘ &
g‘Xm ^md-nwìd§ C d{gXìd§ AËW naßnamod¶mapå‘ &&5&&

EJmo Aåh ^maXmo ApËW H$åhramAmo M H$ÊUmHw$‘marAmo &
O§ n{gÕmo {dñg-JwéUmo dgwhod Hw$S>§w~UÎmU§ &&6&&

AmX§H$dmX-X{bXþ§ gñgXmo hmoXþ§ M gmo ‘w¸$mo &
hmoD$ gwhr gã^mdmo ¶ bh|Vw H$Am{d U {H$bgmo &&7&&

‘‘ {n¶ ^mah‘m¶m Oå‘XmB© Aåh OUUr ¶ ^m[aXr &
nU‘m{‘ V§ g^qÎm AUwH§$nm hmoXþ§ V§ JwUmXþ &&8&&

Jmadmo - Jm¡ad eãXmW©
g[Îm - e³Vr
aÆx>ËWmU§ - amîQ´>mMo CËWmZ ({dH$mg) H$Êhm - H¥$îU
{dUgXþ - {dZme hmoD$ Xo H$åhra - H$mí‘ra
{hX²Xmo - öX¶ X{bXþ§ - Xm[aж
g‘pßnXmo - g‘{n©V

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 nwT>rb eãX AY©‘mJYrV {bhm.
H$mí‘ra -
H¥$îU -
n{dÌ -
{díd~§YwËd -
amîQ´>^³Vr -

28

2 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.
A)




UB© mmm




~) nìd¶ Zm‘ -

H$) AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.

‘hmnw[ag


3 g‘mZmWu (AY©‘mJYrV) eãX {bhm.
1) OUUr 2) AUwH§$nm
4 {déX²YmWu eãX {bhm.
Aqhgm, n{gÕmo, Xþhr
5 CnH«$‘ :- amîQ´>^³Vrna JrVm§Mm g§J«h H$am.

29

2. A^¶XmU§

hm nXçnmR> ‘gwX§gUm-M[a¶§’ ¶m àmH¥$V H$mì¶J«§WmVyZ KoVbm Amho. ¶m J«§WmMr aMZm
Xod|Ðgyar ¶m§Zr Ho$br. ˶m§Mm H$mi gmYmaUnUo 13 ì¶m eVH$mÀmm ‘mZbm OmVmo. Xod|Ðgyar ho g§ñH¥$V-
àmH¥$V-An^«§e B. ^mfm OmUUmao hmoVo.

‘A^¶XmU’ hr H$Wm g§ñH¥$V H$Wmgm{h˶mVhr {e~r amOmMr H$Wm åhUyZ à{gÕ Agbobr
{XgyZ ¶oVo. AqhgoMo d XmZmMo loîR>Ëd ñnîQ> H$aʶmgmR>r àmH¥$V gm{h˶mVrb H$Wm à{gX²Y Amho.

na‘oídamZo {dídmVrb à˶oH$ àmUr n¶m©daUmMo ajU H$aʶmÀ¶m CÔoemZoM {Z‘m©U Ho$bobo
AmhoV. ˶m‘wio à˶oH$ àmʶmbm OJʶmMm A{YH$ma Amho. n¶m©daUmMm g‘Vmob amIʶmgmR>r à˶oH$
àm{U‘mÌmMm gh^mJ Agbobm {XgyZ ¶oVmo. à˶oH$ àmʶmÀ¶m {Z{‘©Vr‘mJo {ZgJm©Mm H$moUVm Zm H$moUVm
CXmÎm hoVy Agbobm {XgyZ ¶oVmo. åhUyZ ¶m {dídmVrb à˶oH$ Ord n¶m©daUmÀ¶m ÑîQ>rZo ‘hËËdnyU©
Amho. ˶m‘wio gd© àm{U‘mÌm§Mo ajU H$aUo H$go Amdí¶H$ Amho Vo ¶m nXç nmR>mV ‘oKaW amOmÀ¶m
CXmhaUmVyZ ñnîQ> Ho$bo Amho.

Ah gmo ‘ohah-{Zdmo C‚mmUmAmo {JhmJAmo H$B¶m&
nmog{hAmo nmoghgmb-g§{R>Amo H$hoB {OUY呧&&1&&
Ah J¶U‘§S>bmAmo ^¶g§^§Vmo nH§${namo XrUmo &
nmaodAmo aS§>Vmo n{S>Amo am¶ñg CÀN>§Jo &&2&&

30

A^¶§ M Om¶‘mU§ ‘mUwg-^mgmB V§ IJ§ am¶m &
H$éUmag-Zra{Zhr ‘m ^m{h nwUmo nwUmo ^UB &&3&&

Ed§ dwÎmmo aÊUm ng§V‘wÎmr {dh§J‘mo Egmo &
{nCC>ÀN§>Jo ~mbw ìd {Zã^Amo {MÆ>E Omd &&4&&

‘‘§ ^³I§ ‘w§M B‘§ am¶! Z OwÎm§ B‘§ {Îm O§n§Vmo &
VpßnQ²>R>rE goUmo nÎmmo gßnñg JéS> ìd &&5&&

Vmo ^UB ^y{‘Zmhmo goU, "B‘§ Vwh H$h§ g‘ßno{‘ &
Eg Z I{Îm¶Yå‘mo gaUm@@J¶-AßnU§ O{‘h' &&6&&

qH$ M Z VwÁP {d OwÎm§ OwÎmm@OwÎmmodEg-Hw$gbñg &
na-nmU-nhmUoU gßnmU-n[anmogU§ Ed§ &&7&&

Oh C³I{U‚m‘mUo nrS>m {nÀN>o {d hþ‚m Vwh JéB©&
AÊUñg {d qH$ Z Vhm? ‘m[a‚m§Vñg H$m dÎmm? &&8&&

AÊU§ M ^p³IEU§ IU{‘Îm‘UoU Vwh ^do {ËmÎmr &
E¶ñg nwUmo Oå‘mo dƒB g¶bmo {d E‘od &&9&&

n§{M§{X¶-KmEU§ ZaE O§ ZyU§ Jå‘E Våhm &
IU{‘Îm-gwh-{Z{‘Îm§ H$mo Ordo hUB Nw>{hAmo {d? &&10&&

gm nwU Nw>hm g{‘‚mB AdaoU {d ^mo¶UoU Oh {nÎm§ &
nda{g¶m-g‘{U‚m§ {n qH$ Z n¶gm Cdg‘oB? &&11&&

Z C Cdg‘§{V Ho$U {d {O¶-dh-n^dmC> Za¶{d¶UmAmo &
Vm ‘w§Mgw Orddh§ Hw$Ugw X¶§ g¶b-gwh-OU¶§ &&12&&

goUmo {d ^UB Zada! "gaU§ Vwh Eg AmJAmo ^rAmo &
{H$‘h§ H$ao{‘ gaU§ H$hgw ‘hm^mJ! Nw>hJ{hbmo' &&13&&

Oh a³I{g Xþ³IÎm§ E¶§ H$éUmB Vh ‘‘§ {n Z qH$?
AB^wp³I¶ñg nmUm ZyU{‘‘mo ‘ÁP dƒ§{V &&14&&

31

Yå‘m@Yå‘{dqMVm {d {MÆ>E gw{Æ>E garapå‘&
V§ ZpËW Z Hw$UB ~w^wp³IAmo Hy$a‘{d H$呧 &&15&&

VÕå‘dÎm¶m Ab§ Aßngw ‘h ^³I-^y¶§ BU§ ABam &
H$mo Yå‘mo O§ B¸$mo ap³I‚mB hå‘E Adao?&&16&&

Z ¶ ‘ÁP hþ‚m {VÎmr H$h§ {d ^w‚m§Vao{h§ O§ g¶¶§&
g‚mmo g¶§ h¶§ {O¶-’w$a§V-‘§gm@gUmo Ah¶§ &&17&&

^UB {Zdmo, "OB Ed§ Vm Vwh {d¶ao{‘ goU! {Z¶‘§g§&
nmaodEU Vw{b¶§ hmogw gwhr ‘m Vw‘§ ‘agw' &&18&&

Am‘§ {Îm nao goUo VwbmB EJËW R>mdB H$dmo¶§ &
AÊUËW {IdB am¶m {N>Îmw§ {N>Îmw§ {Z¶¶‘§g§ &&19&&

Oh Oh {IdoB ‘§g§ am¶m C¸${ÎmD$U {Z¶-VUwUmo&
Vh Vh ^maoU B‘mo d–B nmaodAmo A{h¶§ &&20&&

^maoU d–‘mU§ V§ np³I§ {n{³I>D$U A³Iw{hAmo &
g¶‘odm@@éhB V{h§ VwbmB am¶m AVwbgÎmmo &&21&&

B¶ {ZÀN>¶‘dJpÀN>¶ {Zdñg EJmo A‘ÀN>amo A‘amo &
da-‘CS>-Hw§$S>b-Yamo n¶S>r hmoC>§ ^UB Ed§ &&22&&

"B¸$mo {M¶ V§ YÊUmo gwnw[ag-MyS>m‘Ur {Vhþ¶Upå‘ &
Mm{b‚m{g? Z gwao{h§ {d gÆ>mUmAmo gwa{J[a ìd &&23&&

B¶ B©gmqUXoU§ {d d{U‚m§V§ Vw‘§ {Ugw{UD$U &
Vwh gÎm-n[a³IËW§ Bhm@@JAmo Agh‘mUmo@h§ &&24&&

Vwh Cdg½J‘H$mh§ V§ gìd§ I‘gw n{gD$U &
B¶ ^{U¶ {Zd§ g‚m§ H$mC>§ Z{‘C>§ gwamo JAmo g½J§ &&25&&

32

eãXmW©

nmog{h¶ - (nm¡f{YH$) AîQ>‘r, MVwX©er nmaod¶ - nmadm, H$~yVa
¶m nd©{VWr§Zm nmimd¶mMo Amhmam{XMo d«V goU - ~{har ggmUm
nmogh>gmbm - nm¡fYemim (nm¡fY-Cnmg d«V C³IU - CIS>Uo, CngUo
{nÀN> - nrg
H$aʶmMo {R>H$mU) nda{g¶m - CËH¥$îQ>> IS>rgmIa, Ðmjag
nH§${na - WaWa H$mnUmam n¶ - XÿY
Za¶{d¶Um - ZaH$mVrb ¶mVZm Am‘§ - hmo¶
Nw>hJ{hbmo - ^wHo$Zo ì¶mHy$i Pmbobm A‘amo - ‘¥Ë¶y Zgbobo, Xod
ABam - Vm~S>Vmo~ dam¶ - {~Mmam, Jar~, jwÐ
A‘ÀN>a - X¶miy, H¥$nmiy A³Iw{hAmo - àjmo{^V Z hmoVm, Z amJdVm
B©gmqUXoU - B©emݶ ñdJm©Vrb B§Ð

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm. 4 H$moU Vo {bhm.
1) ‘oKaW amOm H$moR>o ~gbm hmoVm? 1) nm¡fYemioV qMVZ H$aUmam

2) ‘oKaW amOmOdi H$moU A^¶XmZ ‘mJV

hmoVo? 2) ^¶^rV hmoD$Z WaWa H$mnUmam

3) nmaì¶mÀ¶m nmR>r‘mJyZ H$moU Ambo?

4) ‘oKaW amOm H$m¶ åhUmbm? 3) nmaì¶mÀ¶m nmR>monmR> ¶oUmam

2 g§X^m©g{hV ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.

1) ‘‘‘ ^³I§ ‘w§M B‘§ am¶&’ 4) ñdV:À¶m ‘m§S>rMo ‘m§g H$mnyZ XoUmam

2) ‘{H$‘h§ H$ao{‘ gaU§ H$hgw ‘hm^mJ!

Nw>hJ{hbmo&’ 5) amOmbm CngJ© XoD$Z j‘m ‘mJUmam

3 g‘mZmWu eãX {bhm.

1) am¶m 6) A^¶XmZ XoUmam

2) n¶§

3) nmaod¶ 5 CnH«$‘ :- XmZeya H$U© d amOm h[aíM§Ð
4) gwamo ¶m§À¶m H$Wm dmMm.

5) {nÀN> mmm

33

3. ZrBd‚mm

‘ZrBd‚mm’ hr H${dVm
‘d‚mmb½J§’ ¶m àmH¥$V gw^m{fV
J«§WmVyZ KoVbobr Amho. ‘d‚mmb½J§’
hm àmH¥$V gm{h˶mVrb A˶§V
loîR> J«§W AgyZ H$dr O¶d„^m§Zr
¶m J«§WmMr aMZm Ho$br Amho. ¶m
J«§WmV {d{dY {df¶m§darb {ZdS>H$
JmWm§Mm g§J«h Ho$bobm {XgyZ ¶oVmo.

‘d‚mm’ åhUOo nÕVr,
‘m{bH$m, amJ hmo¶. ‘b½J§ åhUOo
g‘yh, g§J«h. ‘d‚mmb½J§’ hm J«§W
åhUOo àmH¥$V ^mfoVrb gw^m{fVm§Mm g§J«h hmo¶. AmH$f©H$ d ‘moO³¶m eãXmVrb ‘m¡{bH$ {dMmam§Mm
g§J«h åhUOo gw^m{fVo hmoV.
g‘mOmVrb bmoH$ g§ñH$maj‘, AmMma-{dMmamZo {ZH$mon d J{V‘mZ hmoʶmgmR>r gw^m{fVm§Mo
Aܶ¶Z åmhËËdnyU© Amho. ¶m gw^m{fVm§Mm n[aM¶ hmoʶmgmR>r ‘ZrBd‚mm’ hm nXç nmR> ¶oWo {Xbm
Amho. {dXçm϶mªZr Amnë¶m OrdZmV ˶mMm Cn¶moJ Ho$ë¶mZo {dXçm϶mªMohr OrdZ {dH${gV hmoʶmg
‘XV hmoB©b.

O§ Oñg åmå‘-^o¶§ Mm{b‚m§V§ M Xy‘E {h¶¶§ &
V§ Vñg H$ÊU-H$Sw¶§ Hw$bogw Om¶m Z O§npÝV &&1&&

g§Vo{h Ag§Vo{h ¶ nañg qH$ O§{nEqh Xmogo{h§ &
AËWmo Ogmo Z bã^B gmo {d A{‘Îmmo H$Amo hmoB&&2&&

Aßn-{h¶§ H$m¶ìd§ OB g¸$B na-{h¶§ M H$m¶ìd§ &
Aßn-{h¶§ na-{h¶mU§ Aßn-{h¶§ Mod H$m¶ìd§ &&3&&

nw[ago gƒ-g{‘ÜXo A{b¶-n‘w¸o$ ghmd-g§VwÆ>o &
Vd-Yå‘-{U¶‘-‘BE {dg‘m {d Xgm g‘m hmoB&&4&&

34

grb§ da§ Hw$bmAmo, Xm{bÔ§ ^ìd¶§ M amoJmAmo &
{d‚mm a‚mmC da§, I‘m da§ gwÆx> {d VdmAmo &&5&&

grb§ da§ Hw$bmAmo, Hw$boU qH$ hmoB {dJ¶-grboU &
H$‘bmB H$Ô‘o g§^d§{V Z hþ hþ§{V ‘{bUmB§ &&6&&

O§ {O I‘oB g‘ËWmo, YUd§Vmo O§ Z Jìd§ CìdhB &
O§ M g{d‚mmo Z{‘amo {Vgw Vogw Ab§{H$¶m nwhdr &&7&&

N>§X§ Omo AUwdÅ>B ‘呧 a³IB JwUo n¶mgoB &
gmo Zd[a ‘mUwgmU§ XodmU§ {d d„hmo hmoB &&8&&

N>U-d§MUoU d[agmo ZmgB, {Xdgmo Hw$^mo¶Uo ^wÎmo&
Hw$H$bÎmoU ¶ Oå‘mo ZmgB Yå‘mo AYå‘oU &&9&&

N>Þ§ Y呧, n¶S>§ M nmo[ag§ naH$bÎm-d§MU§& (d‚mmb½J§- ‘ZrBd‚mm’)
J§OU-a{hAmo Oå‘mo amT>mBÎmmU§ g§nS>B &&10&&

eãXmW©

AUwdÅ>B - AmMaU H$aUo, dmJUo Xy‘¶ - Xþ:I XoUo
Aßn{h¶ - ñdV:Mo {hV n¶mgoB - àH$Q>nUo
A{b¶ - ImoQ>o nwhdr - n¥Ïdr
Ag§Vo{h - Zgbobohr nmo[ag - nm¡éf, nwéfmW©
H$Ô‘ - {MIb ^wÎmo - ImUo
H$bÎm - nËZr {dJ¶grb - erb^«îQ>
I‘m - j‘m g¸$¶ - e³¶ hmoUo
N>U - gU, CËgd g§Vo{h - AgUo, AgUmao
N>Þ§ - PmHy$Z, JwßVnUo g{‘Õ - g‘¥Õ
N>§X§ - BÀN>oà‘mUo gwÆx> - Mm§Jbo, CÎm‘
Om¶m - OÝ‘ hmoUo d§MUoU - a{hV, ZgUo

35

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
1) Xþgè¶m§Mo Xmof àH$Q> Ho$ë¶mZo H$moUVo n[aUm‘ hmoVmV?
2) ñdV:Mo {hV H|$ìhm H$amdo?
3) loîR> AmMaU H$moUVo?
4) n¥>Ïdrbm emo^m H$em‘wio àmßV hmoVo?
5) ‘Zwî¶ H$moU˶m JwUm‘wio gdmªZm {චhmoVmo?

2 dU©{df¶H$ ~Xb ñnîQ> H$am.
1) I‘m 4) g§VwÆ>
2) H$ÊU 5) d„^
3) gƒ 6) nwhdr

3 g§X^m©g{hV ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.
1) H$‘bmB§ H$Ô‘o g§^d§{V Z hþ hþ§{V ‘{bUmB&
2) {d‚mm a‚mmC da§, I‘m da§ gwÆx> {d VdmAmo&

4 Imbrb gw^m{fVm§À¶m Amoir nyU© H$am.
1) g§Vo{h Ag§Vo{h ¶ nañg qH$ O§{nE{h§ .......& (Xmogo{h§, nwhdr)
2) grb§ da§ Hw$bmAmo Xm{bÔ§ ^ìd¶§ M ........& (amoJmAmo, VdmAmo)
3) Aßn-{h¶-na-{h¶mU§ Aßn-{h¶§ Mod .......& (H$m¶ìd§, nT>oìd§)
4) {d‚mm a‚mmC> da§, I‘m da§ gwÆx> {d .......& (VdmAmo, Yå‘mAmo)

5 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.
1)

J«§W ZrBd‚mm J«§WH$ma

36

2)

amÁ¶mnojm loîR>

$Hw$brZ Kamʶmnojm loîR>

VníM¶}nojm loîR>

6 Imbrb eãXm§gmR>r H${dVoVrb eãX emoYm.

1) Vn 3) amÁ¶

2) j‘m 4) {dXçm

7 CnH«$‘ :- "Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶o' ¶m {df¶mda AY©‘mJYr-àmH¥$V‘ܶo 10-12 Amoir§n¶ªV {Z~§Y
{bhm.
mmm

37

4. nwÎmmU-n[a³Im

‘nwÎmmU-n[a³Im’ hm
nXçnmR> A§~XodgyatZr {b{hboë¶m
‘Am»¶mZH$‘{UH$moed¥{Îm’ ¶m
àmH¥$V J«§WmVyZ KoVbobm Amho.
{d{dY JwUmZo ¶wº$ 춳Vs OoWo
OmB©b VoWo nyOZr¶ hmoVo. {edm¶
g‘mOmH$Sy>Z ˶m§Mm AmXahr Ho$bm
OmVmo.

loîR>nXmgmR>r ¶mo½¶
춳VsMr {ZdS> H$aʶmgmR>r
AmOhr {d{dY àH$mao narjm
KoVë¶m OmV Agboë¶m {XgyZ ¶oVmV. àmMrZ H$mirhr àgoZ{OV amOmZo Amnë¶m amOHw$‘mam§Mr Y¡¶m©Mr,
gmhgmMr, CXmaVoMr, ~w{Õ‘ÎmoMr narjm H$er KoVbr Vo ¶m H${dVoV ñnîQ> Ho$bo Amho. ˶mà‘mUo
dV©‘mZH$mimVrb nmbH$m§Zrhr Amnë¶m ‘wbm§Mr narjm KoD$ZM Hw$Q>§w~mVrb O~m~Xmar gmondmdr.
AݶWm Hw$Qw>§~mVrb gdmªZm Xþ…I, H$îQ> ghZ H$amdo bmJVo. Voìhm ¶m H${dVoVrb lo{UH$ Hw$‘mamMm
AmXe© S>moiçmg‘moa R>odyZ ‘wbm§Zr AmMaU H$amdo Ago ¶m H${dVoVyZ ñnîQ> Ho$bobo Amho.

Ah AÞ¶m H$¶mB© npÀN>‘på‘ Om‘på‘&
gwh-g§~wÕmo qM{VC>§ AmaÕmo ZadB© Ed§ &&1&&

‘ÁP Hw$‘amU ‘ÁPo hmohr H$mo Ya-Ywam-YaU-Yramo &
gogmo d ‘hm^moJmo MyS>m‘{U-a§{Ám¶-{ga½Jmo &&2&&

B¶ [M§{VD$U qgYwa-Vwa§J-AmC‚m-ah-da-AmBÊU§&
n‚mmbmdB g¶b§ MC{Ôqg {OÊU-gmb-{Jh§&&3&&

V§ {Z¶{d ObU-Ombm-H$am{b¶§ ^UB ^ydB© Hw$‘ao &
"ao ao ! Omo O§ {JÊhh {XÞ§ V§ Vñg gìd§ {n' &&4&&

38

am¶mEg§ {Zgw{UC>§ VS>¶S>-’w$Å>§V-d§g-g§Xmoho&
H$–§{V n{bÎmo n{d{gD$U Hw$‘am JB§XmB© &&5&&

Ombm-OS>mb-ObUmAmo H${–Amo Ho$U {d Vwa§Jmo &
Ho$U {d H$[a¨Xmo H${–Amo, Ho$U {d ahdamo am¶Hw$‘aoU &&6&&

go{U¶-Hw$‘aoU nwUmo n{d{g¶ nOb§V-‘§{Xañg§Vmo &
J{h¶m q^^@{^hmUm X³IoU PS>{Îm O¶T>¸$m &&7&&

V§ XÆz>U Z[a¨XoU [M§{V¶§, ‘go{UEU gmhþ H$¶§&
nT>‘§ BU§ a‚m§J§ g§J{h¶m OoU O¶T>¸$m &&8&&

Ah AÞ¶m na¸$‘-Mm¶-n[a³IU-H$E Hw$‘mamU &
H$ma{d¶ na‘Þ§ ^moEB {Zdmo {Z¶Hw$‘mao &&9&&

na‘Þ§ n[ado{g¶ {ZdoU {b{b{¸$Amo gwU¶-d½Jmo &
gå‘wh§ AmJÀN>§V§ V§ {Z¶{d nbmB¶m B¶ao (Hw$‘mam) &&10&&

go{U¶Hw$‘amo B¶amU§ C^¶-nmg-{Æ>E J{h¶-Wmbo&
gwU¶mU {IdB O‘oB AßnUm ^¶-{d‘w¸$-‘Umo &&11&&

VìdB¶a§ AdbmoB¶ qMVoB n‘moBAmo nwhBnmbmo &
Egmo CXmadramo' {Îm H$m¶am B¶a-Hw$‘am ‘o &&12&&

Ada g‘¶på‘ am¶m ~wpÕ-n[a³IU-H$E Hw$‘mamU&
‘wÔoB J{U¶-bÈx>¶-H$a§S>E g{bb-H$bgo ¶ &&13&&

h³H$m[aC>§ VAmo Vo ^UB, "dÀN>! g~wpÕ-{dhdoU&
‘wÔ§ A^§{O¶ ^w§Ooh ‘mo¶Jo, {n¶h g{bb§ {n' &&14&&

Ed§ dwÎmm {Z¶-~wpÕ-Jpìd¶m {d ¶ Cdm¶§ Ab^§Vm&
Vo Nw>h-{ndmg-gmo{g¶-JÎmm XrUÎm§ AUwnÎmm&&15&&

go{U¶-Hw$‘aoU nwUmo KoÎmw§ nJb§V-H$bg-q~Xþ-Ob§&
Yw{UC>§ H$a§S>E ‘mo¶JmU MyarE ^mo¶{d¶m &&16&&

39

V¶U§Va§ Hw$‘mao {d{dh-{dUmo¶-ßng§J-Adp³IËVo&
nm{ñmÎmw Zad[a¨Xmo dmh[aC>§ nwÀN>B Ed§ &&17&&

‘wÔm A^§J H$mD$U ‘mo¶Jm ^p³I¶m H$h-H$hoh&
Ed§ dwÎmm amEU§ Hw$‘ao H$hoh OhdÎm§ dwÎm§V§&&18&&

Oh q^^gma-Hw$‘aoU ^moB¶m {Z¶¶ ~wÕrE&
am¶m qMVoB Ohm "OwÎmmo Egmo aÁOm{h' go¶ñg&&19&&

a‚m-g‘¶på‘ {Z¶‘m B‘ñg H$mhm{‘ A{hgo¶§&
qM{VD$U Cdm¶§ H$aoB Vñg a³IUH$E &&20&&

(A§~Xodgyar - "Am»¶mZH$‘{UH$moed¥{Îm' JmWm Z§ 23 Vo 48)

eãXmW©

g§~wÕ - OmJ¥V hmoUo qgYwa - hÎmr

{OÊU - OrU© AmaÕmo - Ama§^, àma§^

H$[a§Xmo - loîR> hÎmr AmC‚m - dmXç

YaU - YmaU H$aUmam npÀN>‘på‘ - eodQ>r

gogm - ~mH$sMo n‚mmbmdB - àÁd{bV H$aUo

n{bÎm§ - OiV Agbobo JB§XmB© - hÎmr B.

ObU-Ombm - OiUmè¶m Ádmbm Vwa§J - KmoS>m
O¶T>¸$m - {dO¶ S>§H$m, EH$ dmXç g{bb - nmUr

{b{b{¸$Amo - MwMH$maUo gwU¶mU - Hw$Ͷm§Mm
Adp³IÎmo - AmH${f©V H$aUo ‘mo¶J - bmSy>

A{hgo¶ - A{^foH$ d§g - ~m§~y

Ya-Ywam-YaU-Yra - O~m~Xmar gm§^miʶmg g‘W©

ñdmÜ`m`

H¥$Vr H$am

1 Imbrb àíZm§Mr CËVao {bhm.
1) àgoZ{OV amOmZo amOHw$‘mam§Mr narjm KoʶmMo H$m R>a{dbo?
2) àgoZ{OV amOmZo OrU© Am¶wYemim H$m Omibr?

40

3) lo{UH$ Hw$‘mamg ‘q^^gma’ ¶m ZmdmZo H$m g§~moYbo OmD$ bmJbo?
4) amÁ¶m{^foH$mg H$moU, H$go nmÌ R>abo?

2 g§X^m©g{hV ñnîQ>rH$aU H$am.
1) ao ao! Omo O§ {JÊhB {XÞ§ V§ Vñg gìd§ {n&
2) dÀN>m, g~wpÕ-{dhdoU, ‘wÔ§ A^§{O¶ ^w§Ooh ‘mo¶Jo {n¶h g{bb§ {n &
3) q^^gma Hw$‘aoU ^moB¶m {Z¶¶-~wpÕE &

3 H$moU Vo {bhm.
1) O¶S>§H$m ~mhoa H$mT>Umam
2) OrU© Am¶wYemim noQ>dUmam
3) amOHw$‘mam§Mr narjm KoUmam
4) ‘q^^gma’ ZmdmZo g§~moYbm OmUmam

4 AmH¥$Vr nyU© H$am.
1)

àgoZ{OV amOmZo amOHw$‘mam§Mr
KoVbobr narjm

2)

J«§W nwÎmmU-n[a³Im J«§WH$ma
mmm
5 dU©{df¶H$ ~Xb ñnîQ> H$am.
1) n[a³Im 3) ‘wÔm

2) na¸$‘ 4) {OÊU

41