SEMI – AUTOMATIC MECHANICAL FLOOR CLEANER JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 132 Supervisor AHMAD SYAHMI BIN JUWAINI Group Members STEPIANUS ANAK JUNIT (05DKM21F1036) MUHAMAD IRFAN BIN ROSLI (05DKM21F1119) HAZIQ HASFA BIN HANAFI (05DKM21F1060) This study was conduct to improve the method of operating an automatic sweeping machine for cleaning workers. This product has been built with a gear and chain method, which can move the sweeper roller rotation faster than the movement of the running machine. This is because our study on is about take more time and using more energy that causes fatigue has been identified as the reason why many of the same complaint are heard from most cleaning workers, especially in large areas. The objective of this study is to fabricate design an auto sweeper that is easier to use and reduce excessive movement. The auto sweeper machine in this study is designed with new facilities such as an easy to adjustable handle, the movement of this machine can go left and right at the same time in one direction. This findings of the study show that use of this machine successfully reduces a lot of movement and use this machine also reduces problems from age factor and bone health problems. Overall of this study succeeded in improving the existing facilities. The design of this machine will also help speed up a cleaning job and increase productivity of this an automatic cleaning machine. Keywords: Sweeping machine, cleaning Abstract
FABRICATION OF LEMANG BURNING MACHINE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 133 Supervisor MOHD ROSLI BIN SAAD Group Members FAHMIZAL HAQIMIE BIN HIZAM HAKMA (05DKM21F1056) AIDEEL ALFEEN BIN ROSLEE (05DKM21F1006) NUR HAZIQ ASYRAF BIN MIJAN (05DKM21F1053) IGNATIUS DIAZ ROSLEY (05DKM21F1011) The conventional Lemang approach has certain shortcomings in terms of job output. It needs a lot of work, sparse fuel use, and lemang that is cooked inconsistently. The goal of this project is to create a prototype machine that can burn lemang utilising oven principles without the assistance of a public labour. This prototype's construction comprises employing chains to facilitate movements while being under charge of mechanical pedals. The prototype may take the place of the conventional way of burning lemang and doesn't require a lot of energy to run. Using the INVENTOR programme, technical drawings for the project were first created. Then this prototype was made based on the sketches. Chains and sprockets revolve to provide the movement. The chain and sprocket are joined by these mechanical parts. The results of the studies demonstrate that the lemang burnt completely in less than four hours without the assistance of numerous people. The project's goals have been met because of that choice. Keywords: Lemang, chains and sprockets Abstract
FABRICATION OF AUTOMATIC SPRAY FOR AGRICULTURE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 134 Supervisor MOHD. SUBRI BIN SAUD Group Members ALEXIUS NICKSON LEBUN PATRICK (05DKM21F1014) ALEXSON JANGGU ANAK MINGGU (05DKM21F1020) CORNELIUS NGELAMBONG (05DKM21F1017) AKMAL HAZIM BIN FAUZI (05DKM21F1093) Modern technology is used in agriculture activity which contributes to the mass production agriculture products. Agriculture activities are exhausting works, therefore we had fabricated an Agriculture Automatic Sprayer that can be used to overcome the problem. Agriculture automatic spray is an innovative tool that has revolutionized the way farmers control the growth of grass at their farms. With the help of a wheelbarrow's frame, one wheel, a small water pump, and a battery, this device has made it easier and more efficient to spray herbicides, pesticides, and fertilizers on crops. However, the farmers of Rumah Ganing Kaong Ulu, Lubok Antu currently face several challenges while using manual pump knapsack sprayers for spraying liquid pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, or fertilizers on plants. These challenges include the time-consuming and tiring nature of the task, which causes physical strain and requires significant effort, particularly when carrying heavy loads or using the sprayer for extended periods. Additionally, the manual pump knapsack sprayers necessitate considerable manpower to generate air pressure and pump pressure into the storage tank while operating the spray pipe. Furthermore, small-scale farmers find it difficult to afford expensive automatic sprayers available in the market, such as Truckbed sprayers, Towing-hitch sprayers, UTV sprayers, and ATV sprayers. Therefore, the objectives are to alleviate the physical strain experienced by farmers, enhance the efficiency and speed of crop spraying, reduce the reliance on manual labor, and develop an affordable automatic sprayer that small farmers can purchase. Keywords: Agriculture, automatic sprayer Abstract
STUDY AND BUILDING A SMALL-SCALE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM WITH IOT MONITORING CONTROL JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 135 Supervisor MOHD ROSLI BIN SAAD Group Members EVELYN TELUN ANAK MIKA (05DKM21F1002) NATASHA KRISTY JERABA ANAK BUNYA (05DKM21F1038) JENECYEA BENEDICT (05DKM21F1115) MIMIE FARNA’AMISHA BINTI ABDUL RAHIM (05DKM21F1044) Hydroponics is a method of growing plants without soil, using water with dissolved nutrients. It has many advantages, such as saving water, space, and soil, and improving plant quality and yield. However, hydroponics requires careful monitoring and control of various parameters, such as pH, nutrients, and water temperature, to ensure optimal plant growth and health. In this project, we design and implement a small-scale hydroponic system using IoT (Internet of Things) to monitor and control these parameters. We used an ESP8266 as the main controller, which communicates with various sensors, such as pH, TDS (amount of dissolved peppers), and temperature measurement, and an LCD (liquid crystal display) to display the data from the sensors. We also use an app called Blynk, which allows us to remotely control the system and view the data on our smartphones. Additionally, we built and analyzed bell siphons, which are devices that control the flow of water in hydroponic systems. We collected and analyzed data from the researchers to assess the performance and efficiency of the hydroponic system and the bell siphons. We expect to find that IoT-based hydroponic systems can provide a reliable and convenient way to grow plants without soil, and that bell siphons can improve water management and quality in the system. We discuss the challenges and limitations of the project, as well as possible improvements and future work. We conclude that the project demonstrates the potential and benefits of using IoT and bell chiffons in hydroponics. Keywords: Hydroponics, plants, sensors Abstract
FABRICATION OF HYDROPONIC SYSTEM FOR SMALL FARMING JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 136 Supervisor DR. ONG TZE CHING Group Members ANGELA TIONG CHAI LING (05DKM21F1047) CARLVINA RADAN ANAK CHAYAK (05DKM21F1087) ROSSALINDA BINTANG ANAK JERRY (05DKM21F1059) The most essential steps in construction involves hydroponic system is crucial to provide good quality of plant. Failure to construct good hydroponic system will lead to a few problem such as erratic whether, it will cause plant growth to be disrupted. Then, algae growth which able to thrive when directly exposed to the sun and water is presence because algae attract fungus gnats. This causing dead roots. Other problem is about how to maintain good ecosystem. This is because of the excessive use of pesticides, fertilizers, soil sterilization and monocultural crops have a huge impact on natural ecosystems and biodiversity on earth. So, by using hydroponic system they able to save the ecosystem because there is no need to use the pesticides. Hence, this project involved a fabrication hydroponic system for small farming involving three main parts which are the upper part, middle part and lower part. The upper body is made up for stand which using wood as a stand. The wood was cut using a saw into width 60cm × 60cm height and screwed using L bracket to put the pipe. The middle part is a pipe forhydroponic it self. The pipe with 80mm diameter and 600mm length was drilled to make a hole to put the net pot inside it. The pipe with 40mm diameter was cut into 15cm in four pieces as a connector. The pvc elbow with 43mm diameter also as a connector. The lower part consists of the project main frame which are the boltless steel with 82cm height was assembled together to make a frame. The effectiveness of this system was proven when the plant required purple lighting and rain water plus fertilizer when the height of the plant increased on the choosen lighting and water. The overall cost is RM500.00 and very affordable because our product is all in one package. Therefore, this system is a lot more suitable for user at condominium and flat because it is portable. Keywords: Hydroponic system, fabrication, lighting, rainwater plus fertilizer Abstract
FABRICATION OF MULTI-PURPOSE WASTE COLLECTOR MACHINE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 137 Supervisor WU JIA HANG Group Members SHARIZAN MOHD ILHAN B DALAHA (05DKM21F1008) ERVYN DEXTER ANAK BANDONG (05DKM21F1023) EGNASIUS ROJAP ANAK EDWARD SELAM (05DKM21F1111) EURRECA EVA CHERYA ANAK JANA (05DKM21F1065) In areas where access to electricity is limited or unreliable, innovative waste management solutions are required to effectively address waste management challenges. This abstract describes an electricity-free multipurpose waste collector machine, a sustainable technology designed to deal with a variety of waste streams without the use of an external power source. To perform a variety of waste collection tasks, the electricity-free waste collector machine employs mechanical and kinetic energy principles. Its design incorporates manual or human-powered mechanisms to power its functionalities, such as hand cranks, pedal systems, or gravity-based operations. The machine, which is made of durable materials, is portable and easily maneuverable in a variety of environments, including urban areas, rural communities, and remote locations. It can handle a wide range of waste types, including solid waste, recyclables, organic waste, and hazardous materials. The waste collector machine employs waste collection methods that are efficient, such as manual scooping, manual sorting, and gravitybased separation mechanisms. It reduces the need for complex machinery, allowing individuals or small teams to easily operate and maintain the system Furthermore, by incorporating on-board sorting capabilities, the machine promotes waste reduction and recycling. It includes simple sorting compartments or manual sorting stations for sorting waste into different categories for recycling or proper disposal. The electricity-free multi-purpose waste collector machine provides a sustainable and cost-effective waste management solution in areas with limited access to electricity. It helps to improve waste management practices, reduce environmental impact, and improve community health and cleanliness by utilizing human power and simple mechanical principles. Keywords: Multi-purpose collector, operation, materials, electricity. Abstract
PNEUMATIC CAN CRUSHER JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 138 Supervisor SITI AMELIA BINTI SHAIK PAWAN CHEE Group Members GEREALD MARK ANAK NASA (05DKM21F1035) RAVENELLI ANCANA ANAK RITCHIE (05DKM21F1078) GABRIEL RAPHAEL KONG (05DKM21F1090) MUHAMMAD ZHAFRAN RAFIQI BIN MUHAMAD RIZAL (05DKM21F1068) The Pneumatic Can Crusher uses compressed air to quickly flatten aluminium cans for recycling. With a small air compressor, pneumatic cylinder, and crushing mechanism, it minimizes the risk of injury from manual crushing and speeds up the process. This innovation promotes efficient waste management by making aluminium cans easier to store for recycling. The crushed cans contribute to reducing environmental impact. The portable and ergonomically designed crusher simplifies and enhances the speed of can crushing, contributing to efficient waste management and a smaller environmental footprint. The process involves machining techniques like milling and grinding, with finishing methods such as polishing or painting to improve aesthetics and functionality. Activating the device pressurizes the pneumatic cylinder, powering a piston that flattens the aluminium can against a metal plate. Overall, the Pneumatic Can Crusher is a practical solution for effective aluminium can recycling, combining a basic yet effective design with compressed air power. Keywords: Pneumatic, cans, crusher, grinding, drilling, polishing. Abstract
FABRICATION OF SEMI AUTOMATIC SEED SOWING MACHINE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 139 Supervisor NOR ZULIANA BINTI ABDUL LATIF Group Members AFIQ FARHAN (05DKM21F1075) VINCENT TEO (05DKM21F1071) CHARLES-ETTIENNE (05DKM21F1096) This study details the design, development, and performance evaluation of a state-of- the-art semi-automatic seed planting machine that aims to transform agricultural practices through precise seed planting. The objective of this project is to produce a semi-automated seed planting machine to meet the growing demand for food worldwide by addressing the increasingly urgent need for effective and sustainable agricultural practices. To maximize seed placement, spacing, and depth, this seed planting machine uses technology that simplifies and saves energy and time. This review begins by providing a comprehensive synopsis of the current resistance in conventional seed cultivation techniques, emphasizing the need for agriculture to improve crop productivity and resource efficiency. The design and engineering concept of a semi-automatic seed planting machine is then explained in detail, emphasizing important features such as planting, direct monitoring, and adaptation to various soil conditions. Keywords: Seed planting machine Abstract
FABRICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY ENERGY INSECT TRAPPER MACHINE FOR INDOOR AND OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 140 Supervisor SAIFUL IRWAN BIN SARKAWI Group Members BEATRICE BETTY ANAK BALING (05DKM21F1016) DIXON JUBIN ANAK DIAN (05DKM21F1064) WAN SAIFUL LUQMAN BIN WAN ABD RAHIM (05DKM21F1092) SEBASTIAN ANAK PHILIP (05DKM21F1095) The spread of fly-borne diseases is still a health issue that endangers society. Even though the spread of fly-borne diseases is difficult to control, efforts still need to be continued. For this reason, we have produced this project, which is named ANTIFLY, as one of our efforts to stem the spread of this disease. The main purpose of producing this product is to make it easier to use fly paper and provide a more suitable place to place fly paper without neglecting hygiene factors. Apart from that, our project also complies with the recommendations of EKSA, GO GREEN, SAFETY AND ENVIROMENTAL MANAGEMENT POLICY and SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS. This machine is also equipped with electric and diesel insect engines. In addition, we also installed LED lights to attract more insects at night. This machine can be taken anywhere, such as for use in the house, restaurants, camping and camping. To charge an electric insect machine, it can not only be charged using electric power while at home but it can also be charged using solar power. Apart from charging electric motors, solar energy can also be used as an electrical power supply for charging telephones and so on. This project was produced successfully because it met all the project objectives that had been set. Keywords: Hygiene, fly paper Abstract
FABRICATION OF ECHO SAND SIEVE MACHINE USING ELECTRIC FOR CONSTRUCTION WORKS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 141 Supervisor DINO SABASTIAN AK. MAWANG Group Members LING JIM HOU (05DKM21F1074) DESMOND EDDY ANAK ANSI (05DKM21F1061) ROGER PERES ANAK CHANGKOK (05DKM21F1028) PATRICK TUBA ANAK WILLIAM AYAI (05DKM21F1080) This paper presents the design and fabrication of a sand sieving machine with multiple sieves that can be changed according to the usage of the work. As we see at every construction site, sand is sieved by old handoperated (mesh sieving) techniques. Where the siever of a particular size is kept at support from the ground and then sand is poured onto the siever and then manually the sand is sieved by the hand making the sand travel onto the siever and the leftover sediments will be left at one face and the sieved sand will be on another. This technique is time-consuming and for fine sand filtration, it will adequately take a much longer time to sieve. To overcome this problem there are many machines which were designed but only a few of them can be handled at work site. In our design, we use two siever plates which are kept one aside from the other which are hung by the chain of which on end is fixed with the main body. The sievers to which an offset shaft from the motor is attached are to be driven. This offset will create the torsional vibrations with the to and fro motion. This will create the charge particles to get sieved and the leftover charge will move forward and then it will be sieved onto the other siever and the leftover particles will discharge out of the machine. This will reduce the time of sand sieving compared to the hand-operated technique and hence the efficiency and profitability will increase. Keywords: Sand, motor, Abstract
FABRICATION OF ECO-FRIENDLY CHIP DISPOSAL BIN USING LEVER AND MAGNETIC SYSTEM JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 142 Supervisor MOHD FAZRULLAH BIN ZAKARIA Group Members MOHAMMAD SHAHMIEN BIN HUSSIEN (05DKM21F1099) MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN SUDIRMAN (05DKM21F1089) MUHAMMAD EZZRY DZULKHAIRY BIN SAPUAN (05DKM21F1083) MUHAMMAD MOKHTARIN BIN DAWARI (05DKM21F1058) Cleaning lathe machines or any other machines that produce swarf, also known as metal chips, is not easy work. Cleaning up that waste is not as simple as it looks. It can be dangerous and even cause a cut to the hand if it is not handled carefully. Most workshops nowadays use a scoop and a brush to clean the machines. That’s why people need other alternatives that are safe and more efficient. This Final Year Projects Report title is Fabrication of Eco-Friendly Chip Disposal Bin Using levers and magnetic systems is done in order to solve the problems that most machine handlers face. Historically, people just used garbage bins and even plastic to dispose of metal chips, and this caused harm, especially to the environment and the safety of the students and lecturers that handled the machines. With an increase in demand, especially for metal that is processed by these lathe machines, an efficient way needs to be developed to create a more efficient and time-saving cleaning process. Fabrication of an Eco-Friendly Chip Disposal Bin Using a Lever and Magnetic System is an innovation project that primarily aims to assist machine workshops that operate daily and produce a high amount of metal chips or swarf. In the project workshop of the Mechanical Engineering Department at Kuching Polytechnic, the entire machine was fabricated. This machine’s primary construction material was steel plate and steel, with additional accessories such as a rag, scoop, and brush. According to the operational testing, this eco-friendly chip disposal bin using a lever and magnetic system was able to save an average of 1.93 minutes cleaning the lathe machines. Cleaning the lathe machines in the standard way took an average of about 6.31 minutes, while with this project, innovation was able to achieve 4.38 minutes on average. This result indicates that the Eco-Friendly Chip Bin Disposal Bin Using Lever and Magnetic System performs slightly better than normal, particularly in terms of cleaning time for the lathe machines. Keywords: Metal chips, scoop, brush Abstract
FABRICATION OF PORTABLE ELECTRICAL OIL PUMP FOR WORKSHOP JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 143 Supervisor YAP AI TIE Group Members JONATHAN JEFF EGEN (05DKM21F1993) MOHAMAD NURHAREEZ BIN MOHAMAD NURISWANDY (05DKM21F1004) MUHAMMAD HARITH BIN IRWAN EFFENDY (05DKM21F1049) Fabrication of an electrical oil pump specifically designed for workshop. The pump is powered by an electric motor, along with its auxiliary components, and utilizes a rotary motion coupling mechanism to transfer energy to the primary oil pump. The design focuses on making the device portable and reliable for the workshop workers to do multiple tasks at the same time. Also, it would make the work surrounding cleaner and tidier. The product is capable of extracting oil from various tanks, making it highly cost effective. The components needed are an electric motor, along with relays, switches, and wires to connect them. Additionally, an oil tank, intake valve, inlet, and outlet pipes should all be included. Utilizing these components, the oil tank must be securely mounted, and the switch and relay system wired up to the electric motor. Finally, the intake, inlet and outlet pipes should be connected, allowing for the flow of the oil. In conclusion, this product will save more time and cheaper cost for the workshop workers to do their work. Keywords: Oil pump, electric motor Abstract
FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE SPRAYER USING REMOTE CONTROL (RC) FOR AGRICULTURE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 144 Supervisor SYARIZAL BIN BAKRI Group Members NUR FATHIHAH BINTI ZULKIPLI (05DKM21F1013) MCLARENCE ANAK DENNIS (05DKM21F1037) AINA BATRISYIA BINTI ZAINAL (05DKM21F1031) Multipurpose sprayers emerge as an asset for small-scale farmers, offering a lightweight construction that enhances control efficiency. This study underscores their significance as a prudent investment for small farming operations, citing their reasonable pricing, practical features, and robust build. The incorporation of remote-control technology further elevates their usability, concurrently reducing the labour input required for spraying tasks. The lightweight design of these sprayers proves instrumental in simplifying and optimizing control, contributing to their appeal for small farmers. The affordability of these machines, coupled with their versatile features, positions them as a cost-effective solution for enhancing agricultural practices on a smaller scale. An innovative facet of this technology lies in its integration of remote-control capabilities, augmenting the user experience and diminishing the manual effort associated with spraying activities. The user-friendly design, complemented by remote-control operations, facilitates a streamlined and efficient spraying process, empowering farmers to navigate their daily agricultural routines with greater ease. In essence, multipurpose sprayers stand out as a practical and economical tool for small farmers, enabling heightened productivity while alleviating the labourintensive nature of daily agricultural tasks. Their trifecta of attributes— lightweight construction, affordability, and remote-control functionality— renders them a valuable addition to the toolkit of small-scale farmers seeking to optimize their operational efficiency and output. Keywords: Sprayer, small-scale farmers Abstract
FABRICATION OF MULTIPURPOSE DRYER FOR FABRIC PRODUCTS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 145 Supervisor REXCA ANAK JAMIT Group Members DEALEX LIEW JIN WEI (05DKM21F1993 GERRARD NYADANG ANAK UMPOH (05DKM21F1040) MELVIN LEE (05DKM21F1086) HASHIMI BIN YUSRI (05DKM21F1034) The fabrication of multipurpose dryer was made for easier the work. This multipurpose was design by the idea that was combine together. The components for this multipurpose to work perfectly are combination together with the plywood, ceramic heater, ventilation fan and Stainless Steel Adjustable Rod. That is the main items for us to suceeded the project. Ceramic heater was connect to the plywood together and ventilation fan was on top to release uncomfortable air. This design are focusing to make multipurpose dryer to all fabric items. In the same time it can help the company works in daily life more easier . We will connect the wire of ceramic heater and and ventilation fan together so we will continue to make the switch to on the machine . The cost will be cheaper than the machine that on the market. This machine also can made by all people so it will reduce and save their cost. In conclusion, this product will help to reduce the time and cost the salon company. Keywords: Multipurpose dryer, Ceramic heater Abstract
FABRICATION OF WASTE WATER FILLER MACHINE USING NATURAL MATERIALS FOR HOUSEHOLD SINK JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 146 Supervisor BIZAMI BIN NAWAWI Group Members SANDRA KELLY ANAK LONIE (05DKM21F1102) ALWAYRD ALYN ANSIE ANAK ALEXANDER LUTA (05DKM21F1043) VELLENTYNO ANAK LIKA (05DKM21F1114) CHERIE LENYAN ANAK GALANG (05DKM21F1110) Waste water filter technology is used to filter dirty water or oil layers that go down the drain where it contributes to the community out there, in particular, in every industry that really needs this product to clean the drains around. Naturally, if we clean manually it is very tiring, therefore, we have designed a waste water filter household sink that can be used to overcome the problem. This fabrication is also cheap but of high quality made from natural and used materials. This waste water household sink, only uses a little manpower to clean the inside of the filler once in a while, like every 2 months. In addition, this waste water household sink also contributes to all the communities out there, in particular, industries, factories and food shops that are close to the drain in cleaning and filtering the water that flows into the drain from layers of oil, dirty, smelly and clogged which can cause pollution and can make all human and animal life from suffering and disease as well. This fabrication is more effective and easier than cleaning the drain manually. Keywords: Water filter, waste water Abstract
FABRICATION OF ONE HANDED SEED SOWING MACHINE USING MAN POWER FOR FARMERS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 147 Supervisor HO YOONG CHOW Group Members PHILLISYA LEMENY ANAK ALEXANDER LUTHER (05DKM21F1025) LIU CHAI JIE (05DKM21F1022) Sowing machine should be suitable to all farms, all types of corps, robust construction, also is should be reliable, this is basic requirement of sowing machine. Thus we made sowing machine which is operated manually but reduces the efforts of farmers thus increasing the efficiency of planting also reduces the problem encountered in manual planting. For this machine we can plant different types and different sizes of seeds also we can vary the space between two seeds while planting. This also increased the planting efficiency and accuracy. We made it from raw materials thus it was so cheap and very usable for small scale farmers. For effective handling of the machine by any farmer or by any untrained worker we simplified its design. Also its adjusting and maintenance method also simplified. Keywords: Sowing machine Abstract
FABRICATION OF ADVANCE KERNEL COLLECTOR FOR THE OIL PALM PLANTATION WORKERS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 148 Supervisor SUHANA BINTI MOHD GAZI Group Members PETRUS YONG WEI JIUN (05DTP21F1009) RUDY GANING BIN HAMIDI (05DTP21F1023) JUSTIN BLAIR ANAK BALEAN (05DTP21F1018) ALVIN PETRUS ANAK BASIE (05DTP21F1022) With the dropped seeds of palm kernels that fall on the ground is one of the indicators of fresh fruit bunches ready to be harvested. Oil palm kernels are also present when the bunches fall to the ground during the cutting operation, and they need to be collected to maximize the oil content during processing. Even after a century since this plant began to be grown commercially in Malaysia, the way to collect the oil palm seeds in the fields is still limited and unchanged. The collection is done manually by hand or using a fruit picker and palm oil seed solution and finally put in a bag. This activity involves bending movements that often cause back pain to workers to minimize this problem and to increase the productivity of the collection of oil palm kernels instead of using a simple mechanical selection mechanism to a vacuum machine has been developed. This report reviews most of the equipment associated with the collection of oil palm kernel solutions. The design, working system and cost considerations for the future development of the oil palm kernel solution collecting machine are also described. Keywords: Palm kernels, oil palm seeds Abstract
HANDS FREE CHAFING DISH JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 149 Supervisor POLYCARP JEFFERY JOK Group Members IVAN MORIENTES ANAK NICHOL KUSONG (05DTP21F1003) STEFFINA SU ANAK FREIZER SU (05DTP21F1002) ABIGAIL ANAK RUSSELL (05DTP21F1025) MICHAEL ANAK BERATONG (05DTP21F1011) Culinary is a food -related business. Every culinary company is very concerned about food hygiene to ensure the health of customers is always safe. Therefore, we want to produce a product that can ensure food hygiene is always guaranteed. The name of the product we will produce is Hands Free Chafing Dish. This product can prevent flies from landing on food caused by the negligence of customers who forgot to close the lid of the food tray. In addition, this product can also reduce contact on the food lid. or using hands that cause a lot of contact on the food cover. Our products can reduce the contact on the food cover by using the foot paddle to open the cover without using hand. Keywords: Food hygiene, food lid Abstract
FABRICATION OF MESIN PENGAUL PEKASAM IKAN JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 150 Supervisor LIYANA BINTI NORIZAN Group Members REYMARIO TANGGAIMAULUS ANAK RIMONG (05DTP21F1032) NELSON NANANG ANAK KAPONG (05DTP21F1031) DARRIEN DOMINIC (05DTP21F1035) ELVIN VERON ANAK JUNAI (05DTP21F1056) The project for this time will be used in the activity of making fish pickles which will contribute to the production of the fish pickle (Pekasam Ikan). In addition, making this fish pickle is very tiring. The process of making pickle fish ( Pekasam Ikan )before was using hands which used more energy to mix the pickle fish. The mixing machines that are available in the market before are not suitable for mixing the Fish that are to be mixed. In addition, pickle fish manufacturers difficulties to produce pickle fish in large quantities. Pickled fish manufacturers are also faced with high risks when mixing the pickled fish by hand because fish has a small bone that can injuries their hand . therefore, we have designed a Mesin Pengaul Pekasam ikan with the concept of a cement mixing to overcome the problem. This Mesin Pengaul Pekasam Ikan run with motor. Our project is to upgrade the productivity of D mummy recipe company which that focus on Pekasam Ikan product by using the advanced method . The advanced methods is the Mesin Pengaul Pekasam Ikan . The purpose of this project is to make the workers more comfortable when mix the Pekasam fish. Mixing machines play a crucial role in various industries, streamlining processes and ensuring homogeneity. Their efficiency, precision, and versatility make them indispensable for tasks ranging from food production to pharmaceuticals. Like the Mesin Pengaul Pekasam Ikan that we fabricated that using mortar concept to mixing the fish with salt and additional food ingredients. As technology advances, we can anticipate further improvements in mixing machine design, contributing to increased productivity and product quality. Keywords: Machine for food Abstract
FABRICATION OF CLEANING TOOLS BY USING A TELESCOPIC POLE WITH AN INTER-CHANGABLE TOOL HEADS SUCH AS BRUSH, WIPER, AND GRIPPER THAT CAN REACH THE TARGET AREA AT A HEIGHT UP TO 2.91 METERS FOR COOSERV CLEANING ENTERPRISE. JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 151 Supervisor MOHAMAD SHAFIQ BIN MOHAMAD RADZUAN Group Members MARGINA KAY BINTI ABDUL KADIR (05DTP21F1042) AMYLIA MENA ANAK LASAH (05DTP21F1046) SEBASTIAN UGUM ANAK LAU (05DTP21F1049) AASON LIAW KAI XUAN (05DTP21F1051) This multipurpose cleaning tool contains replaceable tool heads, including a brush, wiper, and gripper. These tools are used by cleaning workers who contribute to the improvement of cleaning tools to make cleaning work easier. With this multipurpose cleaning tool, it can save more time to perform cleaning work. In addition, these tools are also very easy to use and do not require advanced skills. This multipurpose cleaning tool is different from other cleaning tools because it has three functions at one time. Keywords: Brush, wiper, and gripper Abstract
POTATO FRIES CUTTING MACHINE USING PNEUMATIC SYSTEM JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 152 Supervisor JANE DANIELA MUGAN Group Members MUHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN ABDUL HAFIDZ (05DTP21F1026) MUHAMMAD FARISH AIZIQ BIN ABDUL AZIZ (05DTP21F1024) NURNAFIZ BIN NAJIB (05DTP21F1027) NIZAM BIN ISNAINI (05DTP21F1021) The demand for efficient and automated food processing equipment has led to the development of various machines aimed at increasing productivity and reducing manual labor in the food industry. This study presents the design and implementation of a French Fries Cutting Machine that uses a Pneumatic System for improved accuracy and efficiency. The proposed machine uses compressed air as a power source to drive the cutting mechanism, offering advantages such as fast operation, reduced energy consumption and better cleanliness. Experimental results demonstrate the machine's ability to consistently produce high quality French fries with minimal waste. A comparative analysis with traditional manual cutting methods highlights the efficiency and cost effectiveness of the pneumatic system. Keywords: Fries, pneumatic system Abstract
FABRICATION FRAME OF SPRAY JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 153 Supervisor SHARUDDIN BIN MOHD DAHURI Group Members REMMY ALFIAN HARIS (05DTP21F1019) LEO AHBOON ANAK DANIEL (05DTP21F1013) BRYAN KALANGJUK (05DTP21F1020) IQMAL FAHIM BIN FARIMIN (05DTP21F1999) The term "Frame Of Spray" does not have a specific definition or description in the automotive industry as of my knowledge cutoff in September 2023. However, based on the term itself, I can provide you with a speculative interpretation of what it might refer to. An "abstract frame of spray" could potentially refer to a conceptual or abstract design of a vehicle that incorporates rotating panels. These panels could serve various functions, such as providing aerodynamic adjustments, changing the vehicle's appearance, or enhancing its performance. The rotating panels could be designed to adjust according to the vehicle's speed or specific driving conditions. For example, they might rotate to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency at higher speeds, or they could adapt to provide additional down force for improved stability during cornering. Additionally, the frame of spray could have an aesthetic purpose, allowing the vehicle to transform its appearance. This could range from simple colour changes to more complex transformations, giving the car a unique and customization visual identity. It's important to note that without further context or information, this interpretation is purely speculative. The term "abstract frame of spray" doesn't correspond to any widely known or established concept in the automotive industry at the time of my knowledge cutoff. Keywords: Automotive, vehicle's speed Abstract
FABRICATION OF PORTABLE FORKLIFT FOR DRONE STORAGE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 154 Supervisor MOHD RIZAL B ABDUL RAMAN Group Members DAMIEN JAU SELONG JOK (05DTP21F1041) ISMAD IMRAN BIN JEMAT (05DTP21F1034) MAXWILLIAM NGAU (05DTP21F1047) In this age full of modernity and sophistication, companies have produced many goods to sell to the general public in all corners of the developing world. Produced goods are distributed to stores. Like for example, "DRONE". The "DRONE" will be displayed inside the store, but there is a problem that will arise which is that the store will face the problem of the shelf to display the "DRONE" which is too high which will indirectly cause the workersto pick up and take down the "DRONE" especially the "DRONE" " which is big and heavy. So to solve this problem, we will try to create a "PORTABLE FORKLIFT". Our purpose to create this "PORTABLE FORKLIFT" is to make it easier for workersto pick up or more clearly lower the "DRONE" from a high shelf. If we don't try to create this "PORTABLE FORKLIFT", workers are at high risk of breaking parts back or overturned for trying to pick up a heavy "DRONE" from a high shelf. The tool we created will also save time and energy. Keywords: Time, energy Abstract
FABRICATION OF SOLAR POWERED GRASS CUTTING MACHINE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 155 Supervisor BONG NEE MEL Group Members NADZIRAH BINTI AHMAD ZAIDI (05DTP21F1058) NUR AIMI HAZWANI BINTI HASBOLLAH (05DTP21F1015) MOHD AFIZ AIZAT BIN NARIMAN (05DTP21F1014) Grass Cutting Machine using the starter motor is a project that we have implemented for the convenience of use of grass-cutting users. The conventional grass cutter that uses "pull starter" should use a lot of energy to turn on the grass-cutting machine. In addition, there are also problems when it comes to use their grass-cutting machine, string "pull starter" is broken because of decay caused by exposure to water or has not been used. Therefore, we have been inspired to do the improvement on existing machine by replacing the "pull starter" of the grass cutter with a starter motor so that users who want to use the machine is no longer necessary to use force to turn the machine instead only needs to press the "push button" connected to the starter motor to operate the machine. The objective of this project is to facilitate the users in their processes to turn on this grasscutting machine. In addition, it aims to reduce the use of manpower in turn on machine to save the user’s time. Solar powered grass-cutting machine is also designed to save the fossil fuel which is sustainable enabled. Materials for this project was the starter motor used on motorcycles to allow pulley swivel machine to start the engine. Whereas, for the process of fabrication it was followed by the study methodology used and a flow chart of the process of designing, producing, and testing the project. As a result, by following the correct steps and procedures, the project has been successfully implemented. Keywords: Motor, grass, pull starter Abstract
FABRICATION OF THE TOILET FAUCET REPLACEMENT JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 156 Supervisor CHEW YUEH SENG Group Members EZRON GREEGHORIE ANAK THOMAS ANNIE (05DTP21F1008) WHITESON VOO YI MING (05DTP21F1005) GEORGE ADAM RECHARD (05DTP21F1012) Every sink is bound to experience damage or leaks in the hose that is under the sink. This will definitely cause injury to the fingers due to opening the tap with bare hands. This is because, a sink that has been in a rusty state for a long time can cause a leak under the sink, therefore, such as a stainless steel hose placed under the sink when left for a long time a few years, the iron will rust and cause leaks due to the rusted iron. Next, for the session of opening and installing pipes, it will be a problem of hand pain because it is necessary to use a lot of energy on the fingers when doing the work to rotate the screw at 360 degrees. Therefore, many people often say that plumbing work is an easy job but it is tiring and takes some time. Thus, this paper reviews most of the developments related to the opening and installation of pipes to avoid injury to a person who installs due to a narrow space. Therefore, to increase the productivity of hand tools to facilitate the work is to have a pipe opener and have additional tools for leaking sinks. Work system design and cost considerations for future use of hand tools as well as pipe opening methods will be described. Keywords: Sink, stainless steel hose Abstract
FABRICATION OF WATER COOLER SYSTEM WITH PELTIER COOLER TO LOWER THE WATER TEMPERATURE LOWER THAN THE SOURCE OF WATER WITH AN ARDUINO SYSTEM THAT DETECTS THE TEMPERATURE FOR JANTAYU STRAWBERRY FARM JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 157 Supervisor WEE CHIAU YEN Group Members THOMAS TIMOTI ANAK THOMAS TOMI (05DTP21F1029) DARRIEN KHAMMAR ANAK DENIL (05DTP21F1054) YUSUF BIN LANGAT UDAU (05DTP21F1050) DARREN CHUNG YAO GUANG (05DTP21F1036) Technology nowadays is used in all agriculture activity which contributes to the progress of an industry. Therefore, we have fabricated a Water Cooler System that can overcome the problem this industry had. This cooler will help industry to supply a low temperature water in a water tank during a hot day to avoid hot water from the water source to be used to water the strawberries. This system will contribute a lot to industry because it will save them a lot of time and it will make their job easier by maintaining the whole farm without doing too much work. Hence increasing the farm efficiency in growing the strawberries. Keywords: Agriculture, water Abstract
PARCEL CRUISER FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING PARCEL AT POSLAJU JALAN SONG JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 158 Supervisor YUSMI BIN HALIT Group Members NUR AIN FATIHAH BINTI MAHMUD (05DTP21F1038) EVEANNA YVONNE ANAK JAIL (05DTP21F1045) ISAAC ANAK SUMANG (05DTP21F1048) Modern technology is used in the courier industry, which contributes to the mass production of courier services. Courier services are exhausting work; therefore, we fabricate a Parcel Cruiser that can be used by workers in the courier industry at Pos Laju Jalan Song. This Parcel Cruiser is an industrial truck (manually operated equipment) for workers to load and unload parcels from the warehouse to the delivery van. This Parcel Cruiser is affordable yet it’s good quality and is made from stainless steel and rectangular hollow section. This Parcel Cruiser is manually handled by the workers. This Parcel Cruiser contributes to the workers by increasing their productivity and saving their time, it also can reduce the back pain of the workers during the working time due to their age problem. Keywords: Courier, parcels Abstract
FABRICATION OF AIR CONDITIONING MULTIPURPOSE SERVICING JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 159 Supervisor JULIUS ANAK APAT Group Members MUHAMMAD FIRDAUS BIN ISHAK (05DPU21F1001) MUHAMMAD HAFIZ BIN EJAN (05DPU21F1002) MUHAMMAD HAZIQ BIN JEFBIER (05DPU21F1001) MUHAMMAD AZFAR NURAIMAN BIN EDIE (05DPU21F1018) Technology nowadays is often used in any activity for especially in air conditioning field. In the field of air conditioning, there are many tasks that involve a significant amount of manual labor due to the lack of suitable equipment. The shortage of appropriate tools poses challenges for workers in this field, particularly those involved in servicing. Currently, they only use existing trolleys available in the market instead of utilizing specialized ones. Hence, this project involving air conditioning multipurpose servicing trolley. The main frame is made up of stainless-steel pipe which bended to get to the shape and it connected to the base of the trolley which made from steel plate. The effectiveness of the trolley is proven when the time taken to carry the stated equipment can be shortened than before. The overall cost of RM 104.00 is very affordable and cost of buying is bargain for small air conditioning company. The trolley is also suitable for the use of workers in the workshop or technician that want to use for servicing. Besides, it helps the companies to save a lot of time and energy from the workers. Keywords: Air conditioning, trolley Abstract
FABRICATION OF MANAGEABLE FREEZER JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 160 Supervisor NURHIDAYU BINTI AZHARI Group Members MUHAMMAD DANIAL BIN ABD RAHMAN (05DPU21F1025) DYLWIN TANGGAI ANAK BOB (05DPU21F1012) NUR SHAYMIERA DAYANA (05DPU21F1023) BEATRICE ICHA ANAK NYAWIN (05DPU21F1013) This project focuses on the design, functionality, and significance of freezers, specifically addressing the challenges faced by elderly individuals. The objective is to fabricate a freezer with personalized ergonomic features, including a footswitch for automatic open and close functions, to address backache issues experienced by the elderly during food storage. The project aims to provide easy access and ergonomic features for elderly users, creating a portable freezer opener. The research methodology includes theoretical analysis, project design, Gantt Chart, flow chart, marketing analysis, fabrication technique, experimental setup, and material and cost analysis. The user-friendly freezer system is designed to be efficient, tailored to the unique needs of the elderly, and enhance their independence and ease of use. By incorporating safety measures and considering feedback from elderly individuals, the project aims to improve their quality of life. Keywords: Freezers, footswitch Abstract
FABRICATION OF CORDLESS MINI COOLER BOX FOR CAMPERS AND TRAVELLERS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 161 Supervisor MOHD FATHI BIN RAMLI Group Members GARY LARRSON ARIN ANAK JAKING (05DPU21F1005) DARREN DYEO ANAK DOMINIC (05DPU21F1999) SHAZRYEL AEZZAT SHAHRIMAN (05DPU21F2008) This project aims to develop a mini cooler box using Peltier cooler and converter to create a self-powered cooler box. The system will utilize the Peltier effect to generate a cooling effect, while the converter will harness waste heat from the Peltier cooler to generate electricity, powering the system continuously. The proposed cooler box will offer an efficient and sustainable cooling solution for various application, including food preservation, and picnic Keywords: Mini cooler box Abstract
FABRICATION OF AIR PURIFIER AND HUMIDIFIER JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN MEKANIKAL 162 Supervisor SYED AMIRUL MUSTAQIM BIN SYED GHAZALI JALALULIN Group Members NURUL ADRIANNA BINTI FUAD (05DPU21F1024) MUHAMAD AMSYAR HAZIM BIN MOHD HARIS FADILLAH (05DPU21F1010) MUHAMMAD FARHAN ZIKRY BIN MOHAMMAD FAIZAL (05DPU21F1032) NABIL ZUHAIRI BIN AZAHARI (05DPU21F1028) An air purifier is a device that removes contaminants from air in a room to improve Indoor Air Quality (IAQ). Meanwhile, a humidifier is a device that increases humidity in a single room or an entire building. IAQ refers to the quality of air inside buildings served by a common air-conditioning / mechanical ventilation system. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), poor IAQ can lead to reduced lung function and breathing problems as well as lung cancer or cardiovascular disease. We are aiming to achieve the standard carbon dioxide level at the range of 400-1000 Parts Per Million (PPM) after product installation. Finished products can reduce carbon dioxide levels from 540 ppm in 40 minutes to 400 ppm for a small office room which is the exact target of our air purifier specifications. .Air that is too dry can affect health in several ways. From irritated eyes and sinuses to respiratory and skin condition. ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers) recommends an acceptable relative humidity range of 20 - 80%. In this project we are going to fabricate an air purifier and humidifier as one device that has both functions and to maintain humidity between 40-60%. Unfortunately for our humidifier, moisture increased too high which is over our limit for humidity rate by 71% for final reading in 40 minutes using an air detector device. Keywords: Air purifier, air-conditioning Abstract
PROJEK PELAJAR JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 163 JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA
CANAVALIA ENSIFORMIS (JACK BEAN) AS BIOCOAGULANT FOR WATER TREATMENT JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 164 Supervisor ABDULLAH BIN ELON Group Members SATISSWARAN A/L PALAKRISHNAN (05DPE21F1089) NG BOON ZHONG (05DPE21F1113) MOHAMMAD AMAL HAIQAL BIN MOHD. DANNY (05DPE21F1086) MOHAMMAD HILMY ZA’IM BIN TAJUL ARIFFIN (05DPE21F1068) Wastewater is one of the serious problems in Malaysia. This problem main for floating house residents. It is because the process to obtain clean water at that kind of villages is full of complexity. Not only that, the wastewater treatment is always run by Aluminum Sulfate. The chemical using for wastewater coagulation is dangerous for environment and human’s health. There is way to avoid using this Alum in wastewater treatment which biocoagulant. This biocoagulant playing same role as Alum in wastewater treatment. The biocoagulant using in this project is Moringa Oleifera, Okra and Canavalia Ensiformis. This biocoagulant done the coagulation the waste in water and can drink immediately without any risk to environmental and human. The results that gotten from our pre-experiment research is the biocoagulant have the same characteristic as Alum and can done the coagulant more efficiency. The conclusion is proven that using biocoagulant for wastewater treatment can same or high efficiency than Alum. The proposal of project is to get mixture and dosage of biocoagulant for wastewater treatment. The second suggestion is to get neutral value in pH meter and best results in turbidity of water after coagulation. Keywords: Wastewater, biocoagulant, instant, handy, risk, environmental, coagulation, Alum, same or high efficiency than Alum, pH, turbidity Abstract
TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER FROM ALOE BARBADENSIS MILLER JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 165 Supervisor DONALD ANAK JUAN Group Members FARHAN AZRIQ AIMAN BIN MOHAMAD RAFFI (05DPE21F1080) PUTERI YASMIN ZAFIRAH ZULKIPLI (05DPE21F1053) SYAFIZA DANIA BINTI SUFFANDY (05DPE21F1041) MOHAMAD SHAFWAN ATJEMAN (05DPE21F1098) This study investigates the utilization of Aloe Vera derivatives as eco-friendly coagulants for wastewater treatment, focusing on pH changes during coagulation and their impact on Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD). Aloe Vera powder and Aloe Vera Liquid are examined for their effectiveness in treating wastewater, specifically from Sungai Bintangor, where water quality has been adversely affected by population growth and human activities. The manipulated variables include Aloe Vera in powder and liquid forms, with pH and BOD as the responding variables. The controlled variables encompass Aloe Vera and wastewater from Sungai Bintangor. Methodologically, Aloe Vera is collected, processed, and combined with Sungai Bintangor wastewater. The manual Jar Test, conducted using beakers and a magnetic stirrer, evaluates the coagulation effectiveness. Subsequent steps involve filtering the samples, conducting pH and BOD tests, and recording the results. The findings highlight Aloe Vera powder's significant potential in reducing BOD, showcasing its efficacy in wastewater treatment. Additionally, Aloe Vera liquid proves instrumental in shifting wastewater pH from acidic to neutral, indicating its versatile role in enhancing water quality. These results underscore the eco-friendly attributes of Aloe Vera derivatives, offering a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment challenges. The dual efficacy of Aloe Vera powder and liquid positions them as valuable coagulants, contributing to the environmental sustainability of water treatment processes. This research provides valuable insights for sustainable industrial wastewater management, particularly in Aloe Vera processing effluents. This study’s main findings are Aloe Vera powder effectively reduces Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) in wastewater, Aloe Vera liquid demonstrates versatility in shifting wastewater pH from acidic to neutral and both Aloe Vera powder and liquid exhibit promising eco-friendly attributes as wastewater coagulants. In conclusion, this study showcases the significant wastewater treatment potential of Aloe Vera derivatives. Aloe Vera powder effectively reduces BOD, while Aloe Vera liquid proves instrumental in pH adjustment. These findings highlight the eco-friendly attributes of Aloe Vera derivatives, presenting them as valuable coagulants for enhancing the environmental sustainability of water treatment processes. The study contributes to the promotion of natural coagulants, particularly in Aloe Vera processing effluents, offering a promising avenue for sustainable industrial wastewater management. Keywords: Aloe vera, BOD, pH, wastewater, treatment Abstract
REMOVAL OF METHYL COMPONENT USING BANANA PEELS AS ADSORBENT JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 166 Supervisor MASLINA BINTI BUANG Group Members NUR FATIN SHAHIERA BINTI YUSMAN (05DPE21F1101) HAFIZZAM BIN BAKERI (05DPE21F1065) ELIANA ELMYSHA BINTI ZURKARNAIN KHAN (05DPE21F1997) GREGORY ANAK GREVE (05DPE20F2018) Textile industry waste water effluent if improperly disposed to the catchment can cause the water pollution that will endanger human health and the environment. The contaminants discharge in the dye processing causes the water pollution. Banana peel is a potential agriculture waste that can be used to reduce the concentration of colour from synthetic dye effluents. This study is aim to determine the potential of banana peel as agricultural waste adsorbent for Methylene Blue (MB) removal at different contact time (5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes, 20minutes, 25minutes) and different adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 gram). As the banana peel dosage is added into the Methylene Blue solution, the percentage of Methylene Blue solution removal also increase. The adsorption process reached the optimum contact time at 25 minutes with Methylene Blue solution removal. It is concluded that banana peel can act effectively as natural adsorbent in treating Methylene Blue (MB) from wastewater. Keywords: Banana peels , adsorbent , methylene blue , wastewater Abstract
WASTEWATER TREATMENT BY CHITOSAN JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 167 Supervisor DR. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN ABU SHAH Group Members DONALD BENJAMIN (05DPE21F1056) MANISHA MERARA ANAK ANGGAN (05DPE21F1035) RAFFINA DAYANG LAURENCE (05DPE21F1094) DIYANA SYAZANA BINTI ABDUL HAFIZ NG (05DPE21F1110) Textile industry waste water effluent if improperly disposed to the catchment can cause the water pollution that will endanger human health and the environment. The contaminants discharge in the dye processing causes the water pollution. Banana peel is a potential agriculture waste that can be used to reduce the concentration of colour from synthetic dye effluents. This study is aim to determine the potential of banana peel as agricultural waste adsorbent for Methylene Blue (MB) removal at different contact time (5minutes, 10minutes, 15minutes, 20minutes, 25minutes) and different adsorbent dosage (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 gram). As the banana peel dosage is added into the Methylene Blue solution, the percentage of Methylene Blue solution removal also increase. The adsorption process reached the optimum contact time at 25 minutes with Methylene Blue solution removal. It is concluded that banana peel can act effectively as natural adsorbent in treating Methylene Blue (MB) from wastewater. Keywords: Chitosan, Politeknik Kuching Sarawak, wastewater treatment, coagulants, alzheimer’s disease, paradigm shift Abstract
WATER FILTRATION USING SUGARCANE DREGS JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 168 Supervisor KHAIRULFADILAH BINTI MOHAMAD SAZLAN Group Members MOHAMMAD SHAHRUL FITRI BIN MOHAMAD AZLAN (05DPE21F1067) SHERRY NIZA ANAK ZUHAMY (05DPE21F1029) ARIANNA MICHELLE YII HUAI ROU (05DPE21F1017) RISHALINI A/P MUNIYANDY (05DPE21F1014) Filtration is one of the effective processes in water treatment train that evicts contaminants from raw water. Bagasse is a fibrous residue from Sugar mills, an adsorbent that poses disposal challenges. In this study, a filter unit with sugarcane dregs layer was fabricated for Department of Petrochemical Engineering. Sugarcane was purchased from farmer at near FAC highway. Sugarcane was washed, peeled and its juice extracted to obtain Sugarcane Dregs. There are in two condition of sugarcane dregs which is condition 1 washed using tap water and dry under sunlight. Condition 2 is sugarcane dregs washed by distilled water and dry by using oven. A filter unit that used was 3 inch and 4 inch of water filter. The main filter medium is sugarcane dregs. Raw water from Sungai Kangka was passed through the fabricated unit, and its properties were determined. The pH, and turbidity of treated and untreated water samples were determined using standard methods. The turbidity and pH of Sungai Kangka is 17 NTU and 6.5 respectively. The scope that used to complete this study was effect of sugarcane dregs filtration by using different thickness, water inlet, contact surface and reusability of sugarcane dregs. Soaked and washed with distilled water and drying with an oven found to yield the best results, indicating that our sugarcane dregs are reusable, and a thickness 10 cm, along with direct flow instead of using sink shower head, and utilizing the contact surface of a 4 inch pipe, all contribute to achieving better results. Thus, it is demonstrated that sugarcane dregs may be employed efficiently as a low-cost adsorbent when chemically processed. Keywords: Filtration, sugarcane dregs , pH, turbidity Abstract
RAINWATER HARVESTING AND FILTRATION SYSTEM JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 169 Supervisor DR. MUHAMAD NAZRI BIN ABU SHAH Group Members AMBER TRACIE ANAK AUTHER WILLIAM (05DPE21F1020) ADAM DANISH BIN YUSUP (05DPE21F1119) AMMAR DANIAL BIN RAMZI (05DPE21F1083) This study is designed to enhance the quality of harvested rainwater for domestic and agricultural use using bamboo-derived activated carbon and clamshells-derived calcium oxide. Bamboo is a sustainable and rapidly growing resource, making it an ideal source for activated carbon production. Activated carbon is a highly effective adsorbent that can remove a wide range of contaminants from water, including organic matter, heavy metals, and bacteria. Calcium oxide is a versatile material with a variety of applications, including water treatment. Calcium oxide can be used to adjust water pH and enhance the removal of certain contaminants. Adsorption test was used to check the performance of the activated carbon. Methylene Blue was used in the test which acts as pollutants in the water. In summary, this research contributes crucial information to the ongoing discourse on environmentally friendly practices. The variation in turbidity test readings with different activated carbon dosages highlights the need for further investigation into the optimal dosage, considering the potential threshold beyond which effectiveness plateaus. This successful neutralization underscores the potential of activated carbon and calcium oxide in mitigating acidic substances, emphasizing its efficacy in neutralizing acidity. The results indicate the promising role of bamboo-derived activated carbon and clamshells-derived calcium oxide in water treatment, both in terms of clarifying water and neutralizing acidity. These findings encourage further research to optimize the application of activated carbon and calcium oxide, ensuring its effectiveness across various conditions and promoting its widespread use in water treatment for a more sustainable future. Keywords: Activated carbon, calcium oxide, bamboo, clamshells, rainwater Abstract
ALTERNATIVE COAGULANT FROM FRUIT WASTE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 170 Supervisor NUZUL ARDZAN BIN MOKHTAR Group Members NURUL IZZATI BINTI SHAHRIZAN (05DPE21F1071) ERICKSON PETRUS ANYAU AK JOHNSIDI (05DPE21F1008) MOHAMMAD FAKRUL AZEM BIN OSMAN (05DPE21F1032) GELVIANYCA UDING GABRIEL (05DPE21F1116) Coagulation and flocculation are crucial processes in water treatment, aiming to improve water quality and reduce organic loads and suspended solids by up to 90%. Coagulation and flocculation involve adding chemicals to water, causing them to bind together and form 'flocs', while increasing the size of the flocs and making them easier to remove. Inorganic coagulants include various forms of chemical such as aluminum sulfate, sodium illuminate, ferrous, ferric sulfate, and ferric chloride. Continuous usage of this chemical will lead to health issues and environmental effects such as Alzheimer’s disease, toxicity, and greenhouse effect. The purpose of this study is to study the effectiveness of natural coagulants from Banana Peels and Papaya Seeds to replace the use of chemicals coagulant with different sizes and ratios on the coagulation process of raw water. The effectiveness of the natural coagulant will be evaluated based on pH, turbidity, and total suspended solids. Based on the experiment, natural coagulants tend to be in acidic conditions that lead to reduction of alkaline untreated raw water to neutral pH 7 for banana coagulant and pH 6 for papaya coagulant. In terms of turbidity natural coagulant will lead to formation of yellowish color for banana coagulant and cloudy water for papaya coagulant but the turbidity value is still lower compared to treated raw water. Total suspended solids in this experiment shows a convincing result as the ratio of the coagulant increase more suspended solids can be obtained from the coagulation process. According to all the data above, natural coagulants have significant effectiveness towards the coagulation in water treatment applications. Keywords: Freezing, bookkeeping, water treatment, natural clumping, effectiveness, banana peel and papaya seeds, pH, turbidity, and suspended solid volume Abstract
DEVELOPMENT OF SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER (STHE) MODEL FROM DIFFERENT TYPE OF MATERIAL JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 171 Supervisor POLAND BIN JELIHI Group Members ASHLEY ANAK JEFFREY (05DPE21F1023) JENIFER ELENA JOHNNY (05DPE21F1059) JOHNNATHAN ANAK AMIN (05DPE21F1038) Model Development of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers from Various Materials" is a final year project that aims to explore the performance and efficiency of shell and tube heat exchangers constructed using various materials. Heat exchangers are an important component in many industrial processes, including power generation, chemical production, and HVAC systems. The choice of materials for the construction of a heat exchanger plays an important role in determining its performance, cost-effectiveness, and durability. In this project, we systematically investigated the use of different materials such as copper, stainless steel, and aluminium to build heat exchanger tubes and shells. This study involved the design and fabrication of prototype heat exchangers with each material and subject them to controlled heat transfer experiments. Key performance parameters, including heat transfer rate, pressure drop, and thermal efficiency, were measured and analysed for each material variant. Our project objectives include, characterizing the thermal properties of different materials to understand their suitability for heat exchanger applications. Additionally, Design and manufacture shell and tube heat exchanger prototypes using various materials. Next is to conduct controlled experiments to evaluate the performance and efficiency of heat transfer. We also compare and analyse the results to determine the most suitable material for a specific application. The results of this research will provide valuable insight into material selection for heat exchanger construction, enabling engineers and industry to make informed decisions based on performance, cost, and application requirements. This project contributes to the advancement of heat exchanger technology and supports sustainable energy and industrial processes by optimizing heat transfer systems. Keywords: Heat exchanger, material, thermal performance, prototype, efficiency, heat transfer, industrial application Abstract
SYNTHESIS OF BIO-BASE PLASTICIZER USING WASTE COOKING OIL JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 172 Supervisor ABDULLAH BIN AHMAD Group Members FATEN QHAIRUL NESHA BINTI MOHD HISYAM (05DPE21F1005) The production of biodegradable plastics from used cooking oil is being investigated. This procedure is important because it allows the development of solutions for one of the most critical environmental issues of our time: the growing issue of plastic pollution. Combining evidence from articles and journals, this study shows that producing biodegradable plastics is affordable and protects public health and the environment from pollution. The analysis of the bioplastic production project shows that cooking oil can be used to make plastic with flexibility that meets the important requirements for plastics. The chemicals used to produce this bioplastic are glycerine and vinegar. Furthermore, corn flour is also used to produce bioplastic. Therefore, with the production of biodegradable plastic, we can reduce the incidence of water pollution around Politeknik Kuching, Sarawak, and achieve the objective of this project. Keywords: Bio-base plasticizer, used cooking oil Abstract
THE POTENTIAL OF HDPE PLASTIC WASTE AS TILE COMPONENT JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 173 Supervisor KINTAN BINTI OTHMAN Group Members NURUL FARHANA BINTI AINI (05DPE21F1043) CHRISTINA CHUMANG ANAK WONG (05DPE21F1019) MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM BIN SAFIAN (05DPE21F1109) JESPER AFFLECK ANAK TALUN (05DPE21F1049) Plastic waste management is a global problem that risks the health of our planet due to its high demand and non-biodegradability. This leads to pollution which has negative effects on human health and the environment. This study investigates the feasibility of making tiles out of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste bottles. HDPE is lightweight yet super-strong and also long-lasting. Three samples will be examined in this study. This study reports on the comparison between HDPE plastic waste tiles and ceramic tiles, and the strength, density, and water absorption of these HDPE tiles. In this case, shredded HDPE plastic waste will be heated and melted. Melted HDPE plastic waste will be poured into a mold and wait until it is hardened. This possibility of producing tiles from high-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste would not only reduce the cost of construction materials but also save consumers money. It also serves as a waste diversion to reduce environmental pollution generated by plastic waste. Keywords: High-Density polyethylene (HDPE), ceramic tile, strength, density, water absorption Abstract
FUEL ADDITIVE FROM PLASTIC WASTE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 174 Supervisor HAFIZAH BINTI NAIHI Group Members NUR IZZATUL AKMA BINTI DOL ALI (05DPE21F1100) MALIGA ANAK TULU (05DPE21F1076) MOAMMAD SYAFIQ ADAM (05DPE21F1028) ALVIN ASON ANAK ANGGIT (05DPE21F1022) The global increase in electronic waste (e-waste) generation has become a serious concern in recent years and its recycling is primarily focused on the recovery of important metals such as gold, silver, copper and others. However, e-waste contains a substantial amount of plastic (25-30%), which is either thrown or burnt. The recycling of these e-waste plastics is becoming increasingly important. The vast majority are constructed of high-quality polymers (composites) such as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), high impact polystyrene (HIPS), polycarbonate (PC), polyamide (PA), polypropylene (PP), and epoxies. Hazardous elements, such as brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and heavy metals (such as Pb and Hg) are frequently found in these polymers. The Br contained in e-waste plastics produces environmentally dangerous pollutants such as hydrogen bromide or polybrominated diphenyl ethers/furans (PBDE/Fs) under any thermal stress (thermal degradation). Toxins may seep into the environment as a result of discarded plastics. Before recycling, it is critical to eliminate the contaminants from the e-waste plastics. So, Polyethylene Carbonate is the only type of plastic used in this project. Using electronic waste (Polyethylene Carbonate) as expected. Plastic waste will be soaked in methanol, producing fire retardants such as Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC). The methanolysis procedure is used in this research because the methanol solution can melt the soaked plastic. Methanolysis is a catalytic process that decomposes Polyethylene Carbonate (PC) into Dimethyl Carbonate (DMC) using high temperature and high pressure methanol. To determine the value of the Energy Content, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Boilover, Viscosity and Heating value, Diesel will be combined with the fuel additive produced. Finally, more research is needed to develop fuel additives that are both effective and inexpensive, saving money on fuel. It is explained that the methanolysis of polymers into fuel additives by adding sodium hydroxide in this context. Keywords: Polycarbonate, methanolysis, DMC, FTIR Abstract
OIL PAINT FROM PLASTIC WASTE (HDPE) JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 175 Supervisor DAISY ANAK AUGUSTINE PEDANG Group Members DAYANGKU NUR FARAH HUDA BINTI AWANGKU SOPHAN (05DPE21F1025) MATHEIUS SEMMER ANAK NYANTAU (05DPE21F1013) AFIQ HAIKAL HAKIMI BIN AZMAN (05DPE21F1073) MOHAMAD SHAHRIZAN BIN MUHAMMAD KASIM (05DPE21F1106) This study is to investigate oil paint that makes from polymers such as HDPE. With high density Polyethylene created to be an oil paint added with linseed oil and turpentine. Other than that, the objective of this investigation is about the drying time, coating, water resistance and comparison of Oil Paint from HDPE with commercial oil paint. After that, this project is to reduce plastic waste that may be harmful to human and the environment and also can increase the recycling rate. Furthermore, can create the useful and beneficial product by recycling the plastic waste such as oil paint from plastic waste. For the scope of this project, The HDPE waste will be collected around Politeknik Kuching Sarawak Hostel. The scope of this project is also to reduce and practice student to recycle waste. As plastic waste is complex to decompose, plastic can be recycled by creating products that are useful and beneficial such as producing oil paint from plastic waste. This project will go through pyrolysis and the oil of plastic waste will be added with Linseed oil and turpentine. The heating point is based on journal that state 350 – 550 Celsius to go through pyrolysis. Lastly, by producing the oil paint from the plastic waste can reduce plastic waste that may be harmful to human and the environment and can increase the recycling rate. Furthermore, can create the useful and beneficial product by recycling the plastic waste such as oil paint from plastic waste. Keywords: Oil paint, HDPE, process pyrolysis, mixing, oil paint from HDPE Abstract
CANDLE HOLDER MADE OF SILICON JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 176 Supervisor HIDAYAH BINTI JULAIHI Group Members MOHAMAD ALIFF HAIQAL BIN SABARUDIN (O5DPE21F1016) ALDEN JATAN ANAK MARK VINCENT UNDAK (O5DPE21F1031) SYAHROL HIZWAN BIN HASROL (O5DPE21F1034) DOROTHY EMELDA ANAK SAMARA (O5DPE21F1079) A polymer consisting of siloxane is known as a silicone or polysiloxane. Typically, they are rubber-like compounds or colourless oils. Sealants, adhesives, lubricants, dietary supplements, culinary utensils, thermal insulation, and electrical insulation all employ silicones. Silicone comes in a variety of forms, including silicone caulk, silicone rubber, silicone resin, silicone oil, and silicone grease. Silicone was used to make our creation. We'll go to the mixing stage and combine silicone and silica aerosils. The rip strength of general-purpose silicone is extremely low. The siloxane backbone is to blame for this (silicon to oxygen). Its backbone has excellent flexibility and stability, but it also has a relatively weak chain, making it particularly prone to tearing. Adding the silica aerosil mixture will therefore aid to boost the strength of the silicone.The silicone and silica aerosil combination will coagulate after some time of addition and mixing. The liquid should then be poured into a mould plate, where it should sit for a few minutes to firm. After removing the silicone from the mould that has become set, our finished product is ready. Keywords: Polymer, silicone, polysiloxane, aerosil ,flexibility stability Abstract
STUDY THE PROPERTIES OF ACRYLIC PAINT FROM POLYPROPYLENE WASTES JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 177 Supervisor MOHAMAD FIKHRI BIN NOR AZMAN Group Members NURUL AIDA BINTI ALWI (05DPE21F1058) ALVIN JARROW ANAK LINCOLN (05DPE21F1097) NURUL IZZATI BINTI ITHMUNI (05DPE21F1103) ANGELINA ANJELLY ANAK JEMAT (05DPE21F1112) Plastic waste is an environmental problem with millions tones of plastic trash produced annually throughout the world where it might say for decades or even centuries affecting wildlife and environment. Production of acrylic paint from polypropylene waste can help to reduce the dumping of plastic wastes.Problem statements of this research are acrylic paint short drying time, cannot easily mixed, short endurance and tend by faded. The research’s objectives are to produce arcylic paint from polypropylene wastes and study the viscosity, composition, durability, odor, density and drying time of arcylic paint. The method use in this project are using evaporator to produce solvent of acrylic paint from three different polypropylene flask which is bottle cap, detergent bottle and medical container. The solvent is mix with glazing liquid and pigment binder to produce acrylic paint. The acrylic paint properties (viscosity, composition, durability, odor, density and drying time) was study using analytical equipments such as FTIR, viscometer and tested using different methods.The result of the study show that acrylic paint can be produced from polypropylene wastes. In addition, the properties such as viscosity is accurate with the American Coating Association standard and composition of the acrylic paint contains important functional group as stated in previous research. Keywords: FTIR, PP waste, viscometer, glazing liquid, pigment Abstract
THE PRODUCTION OF CEMENT SAND POLYMER BRICK JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 178 Supervisor ALEXANDRIA ANAK GEORGE EMPAM Group Members ADIEL AZMIEL BIN SHAHRUL ANUAR (05DPE21F1052) ELLAN RONI BIN LAPOK (05DPE21F1064) GABRIEL BIN ARIS (05DPE21F1061) This study is to add polyethylene terephthalate and polystyrene from plastic waste to produce cement sand polymer brick. The objective of this is to study the polymer that can be mixed to produce bricks, which can help reduce plastic waste in Kuching, Sarawak. Besides that, study the compressive strength of cement-sand-plastic PET and PS for environmental protection purposes and to manage the plastic waste. The scope of research for this project is the compressive strength of the cement brick after adding PET or PS and comparing which one is a better quality brick. The scope of research is the parameter of the water absorption of the cements PET and PS. And then, make the comparison between PET brick and PS brick for less water absorption into brick. The high case of pollution from plastic waste will decrease plastic waste with initiatives to reduce plastic to produce cement brick mixed with plastic waste and the lot of plastic waste that can be found in Kuching city. The PET bottles will be mixed with sand and cement in different ratios, ranging from 100g to 200g. The PS waste will be mixed with sand and cement in different ratios, ranging from 0 g to 17.5 g. The ratio of cement, sand, and PET or PS is 1:2:1,1:2:2,1:2:3 respectively. As a result, when 200 g of PET plastic waste is added to the mixture, the strength of the brick will increase and the water absorption rate will decrease. However when 17.5 g PS waste is added to the mixture, the strength of the brick will decrease and the water absorption will increase. Lastly, the cement sand PET brick is better than cement sand PS brick. Keywords: Ratio of brick, compressive strength, water absorption, polyethylene terepthalate (PET), Polystyrene (PS) Abstract
PRODUCTION OF POLYMER REINFORCED EPOXY JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 179 Supervisor HATTA AZUWAR BIN DAHLAN Group Members SITI AWADAH BINTI AWARUDDIN (05DPE21F1004) GUI LEE YING (05DPE21F1055) This study outlines a comprehensive production process for polymerreinforced epoxy composites to improve material properties. Epoxy resins are widely used in various industries due to their exceptional mechanical and thermal characteristics. However, they often lack the required toughness and impact resistance for specific applications. To address this limitation, this research focuses on incorporating polymers into the epoxy matrix. The production process involves the careful selection of polymer materials, such as Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and High-density polyethylene (HDPE) to blend with epoxy resins. The methods of mixing, curing, and processing are optimized to achieve a homogeneous and durable composite material. Key factors, including polymer type, polymerto-epoxy ratio, curing conditions, and reinforcement techniques, are explored in detail. The resulting polymer-reinforced epoxy composites exhibit improved strength and heat resistance making them suitable for a wide range of engineering and industrial applications. This study contributes to the development of advanced materials that can meet the demands of modern engineering while maintaining cost-effectiveness and ease of production. Keywords: Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) ,high-density polyethylene (HDPE) ,epoxy resins Abstract
EFFECT OF EGGSHELL ON THE PROPERTIES OF MODIFIED POLYURETHANE JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 180 Supervisor NURAIMAN BIN ABD RAHMAN Group Members PREIRA ANAK NICHOLAS (05DPE21F1085) MOHAMMAD SYAFIQ BIN HASMAN (05DPE21F1007) IZAAD BIN PARALI (05DPE21F1010) SHERLYN SIMOK ANAK SEBLI (05DPE21F1088) A polyurethane is typically produced by reacting an isocyanate with a polyol. The polyurethane will be modified with adding a fine powder of eggshells to study the effect on the properties of modified polyurethane. Keywords: Polyurethane, isocyanate, polyol, eggshells Abstract
PRODUCTION OF PAVEMENT FROM POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE (PET) JABATAN KEJURUTERAAN PETROKIMIA 181 Supervisor KHALID HUSSEINE BIN TUAH Group Members AIN SHAHANAS BINTI MOHAMAD LIZAMBERI (05DPE21F1067) KUA XIN HOW (05DPE21F1040) HARRIWS SAGING ANAK MAONG (05DPE21F1037) The safe disposal of plastic is the most challenging issue for the solid waste management across the globe. Concrete is one of the best choices of construction material in many countries today. This has increased the fast vanishing of natural resources. It could be worth experimenting the use of plastic waste in concrete to overcome the duel issues of shortage of raw material and safe disposal of plastic waste. An attempt has been made to study the possibility of disposing waste plastic as cement in concrete. In this study waste plastic mix concrete is also used to get the advantages of plastic in concrete. Raw materials used in manufacturing of concrete affects the environment in one or the another negative way. Like manufacturing of cement produce carbon dioxide whereas the production of aggregates adds dust to the environment. Production of coarse aggregates also impact the geology of the area from they were extracted. A step taken in this direction is the use of waste products along with or in replacement of cement. In this study, plastic flakes were used in to replace natural coarse aggregates. Plastic flakes were produced by little cutting of recycle PET bottles. Plastic is the biggest threat to the environment, and it is affecting the environment rapidly. Some recent studies show that it can be used construction industry due to some of its properties like inert behaviour, resistance to degradation etc. Also use of recycle plastic can help in reducing plastic waste. Various experiments were performed to test the mechanical properties of the concrete with plastic flakes. Keywords: Polyethylene terepthalate (PET), pavement, strength, recycle Abstract