aamod sanskrut sampurn 10th

o ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶-nmR>çnwñVH$-{Z{‘©{V: VWm o
Aä¶mgH«$‘-g§emoYZ-‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo-4

Xe‘r H$jm

gånyU©-g§ñH¥$V‘²
Am‘moX:

(‘amR>r, JwOamVr, {hÝXr, B§J«Or
B˶mXrZm§ ‘mܶ‘mZm§ H¥$Vo)

"ñ‘mQ>©’$moZ' B{V CnH$aUoZ "Xrjm A°n' Ûmam nmR>çnwñVH$ñ¶ àW‘n¥ð>o ¶mo{OVoZ Q. R. Code ‘mܶ‘oZ (PDF)
nmR>çnwñVH§$ Ðïw>§ e³¶Vo VWm nmR>çnwñVHo$ à{VnmR>§ ¶mo{OVoZ Q. R. Code gmhmæ¶oZ ÑH²$lmì¶-Aܶ¶Z-
AܶmnZgm{h˶‘² Cnbä¶Vo &
Aä¶mg-2116/(à. H«$. 43/16) EgS>r-4 {XZm‘ : - 25.4.2016 B˶‘w§ emgZ{ZU©¶H«$‘m‘‘² AZwg¥Ë¶
ñWm{nVm¶m: g‘Ýd¶g{‘˶m: CndoeZo 29.12.2017 {XZo BX§ nwñVH$‘² 2018-19 B{V e¡j{UH$df©V: AZw‘m{ZV‘² &

àW‘md¥{Îm: - 2018 ã ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo - 411 004.
V¥Vr¶md¥{Îm: - 2020 Añ¶ nwñVH$ñ¶ gd} A{YH$mam: ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>bñ¶
gpÝV & ‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>bñ¶ g#mmbH$ñ¶
‘w»¶g‘Ýd¶H$: {b{IV-AZw‘qV {dZm Añ¶ nwñVH$ñ¶ H$‘{n ^mJ‘² CX²Y¥V§ H$Vwª Z e³¶Vo &
lr‘Vr àmMr aqdÐ gmR>o

g§ñH¥$V^mfmVÁkg{‘{V:
n§. Jwbm‘ XñVJra {~amOXma (Aܶj:)
g§¶moOZ‘² … lr‘Vr Va{“Ur ImoV
lr‘Vr g{dVm A{Zb dm¶i S>m°. ‘mYd Ho$iH$a
{deofm{YH$mar, ‘amR>r S>m°. àkm XoenmÊS>o
{MÌH$ma… : S>m°. ‘mYd ^wñHw$Q>o
¶edÝV Xoe‘wI lr‘Vr g{dVm dm¶i (gXñ¶-g{Md)
‘wIn¥ð>‘² …
¶edÝV Xoe‘wI g§ñH¥$V^mfmä¶mgJUgXñ¶m:
Aja¶moOZ‘² …
^mfm{d^mJ:
nmR>çnwñVH$‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo.

{Z{‘©{V: … S>m°. àgmX {^S>o lr‘Vr {dkmnZm JmoH$U©H$a
g{ƒXmZÝX Am’$io, lr. OJXre BÝXbH$a lr‘Vr A{XVr ‘mYdZ²
‘w»¶{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar lr‘Vr F$Mm d¡Ú S>m°. lrhar JmoH$U©H$a
amOoÝÐ {MÝXaH$a, lr‘Vr H$mÄMZ Omoer lr‘Vr ñdmVr OmYd
{Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar S>m°. ‘mYdr Omoer lr‘Vr gwdUm© ~moaH$a
amOoÝÐ nm§S>bmogH$a S>m°. àgmX Hw$bH$Uu lr‘Vr brZm H$mH$S>o
gmhmæ¶H$- {Z{‘©{V-A{YH$mar lr. {demb gam’$ lr‘Vr O¶lr Xoe‘wI
H$mJX‘² … lr. aKwdra am‘Xmgr lr‘Vr AM©Zm Omoer
lr‘Vr eodÝVr Xm“Q> S>m°. ‘mYdr Zagmio
70 GSM Creamwove
‘wÐUmXoe: …

‘wÐH$: … {Z‘pÝÌVgXñ¶m:

lr. amOoÝÐ XmVma S>m°. ho‘m S>moio
àH$meH$: lr‘Vr ‘¡{Wbr nmoVZrg lr‘Vr ñZohm gào
{ddoH$ CÎm‘ Jmogmdr lr‘Vr e{‘©bm ^Q> lr‘Vr g‘rjm KmUoH$a
lr‘Vr gr‘m S>moio lr. ZraO XmÊS>oH$a
{Z¶ÝÌH$: lr‘Vr œoVm ndZrH$a
nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V‘ÊS>b‘²,

à^mXodr, ‘wå~B© - 25.

^maVñ¶ g§{dYmZ‘²

àñVmdZm

d¶§, ^maVñ¶ OZm:, ^maV§ gånyU©à^wËdgånÞ§, g‘mOdm{XZ§,
gåàXm¶{Zanoj§, bmoH$VÝÌmË‘H§$ JUamÁ¶§ {dYmVw§, Vñ¶
g‘ñVmZ² ZmJ[aH$m§ü

gm‘m{OH$‘², Am{W©H§$, amOZr{VH§$ M ݶm¶§,
{dMmañ¶, A{^춺o$:, AmñWm¶m:, Y‘©ñ¶,
CnmgZm¶mü ñdVÝÌVm§,
à{Vð>m¶m:, Adgañ¶ M g‘Vm§ àmn{¶Vw§;
Vofw gd}fw M
ì¶{º$Jm¡adñ¶ amï´>ñ¶ EH$Vm¶m:,
AIÊS>Vm¶mü gw{Züm{¶H$m§ ~ÝYwVm§
dY©{¶Vw§;
H¥$VÑT>g‘ ënm: Añ¶m‘² Añ‘Xr¶m¶m§ g§{dYmZg^m¶m‘²
AÚ, p¼ñVr¶o 1949 V‘o df} Zdå~a‘mgñ¶ 26-V‘o {XZo
(2006-V‘o {dH«$‘g§dËgao ‘mJ©erf} ewŠbnjo gáå¶m§ {VWm¡)
EVoZ BX§ g§{dYmZ‘² A“rH¥$V‘², A{Y{Z¶{‘V‘², AmË‘m{n©V§ M
Hw$‘©ho &

à{Vkm

^maVmo ‘‘ Xoemo@¶§ ^maVr¶mü ~mÝYdm: &
namZwap³Vapñ‘Z² ‘o Xoeo@pñV ‘‘ gd©Xm &&1&&

g‘¥Õm {d{dYmümñ¶ ¶m Xoeñ¶ naånam: &
gpÝV Vm: à{V ‘o {Z˶‘{^‘mZmoÞV§ {ea: &&2&&

à¶{Vî¶o gXm Mmh‘mgmX{¶Vw‘h©Vm‘² &
¶oZ Vmgm§ ^{dî¶m{‘ lÕm¶w³V: nXmZwJ: &&3&&

gå‘mZ¶o¶§ {nVam¡ d¶moÁ¶oð>mZ² Jwê§$ñVWm &
gm¡OݶoZ¡d dV}¶ VWm gd£ah§ gXm &&4&&

ñdH$s¶oZ {h XoeoZ ñdXoer¶¡ü ~mÝYd¡: &
EH$mÝV{Zð>‘mMma§ à{VOmZo {h gd©Wm &&5&&

EVofm‘od H$ë¶mUo g‘wËH$f} VW¡d M &
ZyZ§ {d{Z{hV§ gdª gm¡»¶‘m˶pÝVH§$ ‘‘ &&6&&

amï´>JrV‘²

OZJU‘Z-A{YZm¶H$ O¶ ho
^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

n§Om~, {g§Yw, JwOamV, ‘amR>m,
Ðm{dS>, CËH$b, ~§J,

{d§Ü¶, {h‘mMb, ¶‘wZm, J§Jm,
CÀN>b Ob{YVa§J,

Vd ew^ Zm‘o OmJo, Vd ew^ Am{eg ‘mJo,
Jmho Vd O¶JmWm,

OZJU ‘§JbXm¶H$ O¶ ho,
^maV-^m½¶{dYmVm &

O¶ ho, O¶ ho, O¶ ho,
O¶ O¶ O¶ O¶ ho &&

àñVmdZm

AmË‘r¶m: N>mÌm:,
g§ñH¥$Vmܶ¶Zñ¶ V¥Vr¶§ df©{‘X§ {dÚmb¶ñ¶ M ApÝV‘§ df©‘² & embmÝVnarjm¶m: ApÝV‘§
gmonmZ‘² C„L²>¿¶ {demb§ OJV² àdoïw>H$m‘m: ¶y¶‘² &
JVdf©Û¶o ¶wî‘m{^: g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: d¡{eîQ>çmZm§ H$mì¶-ZmQ>H$m{X-gm{h˶ñ¶ Aënn[aM¶:
àmá: ñ¶mV² & nR>Zg‘¶o "H$: bm^: ApñV g§ñH¥$VnR>ZoZ?' "AmYw{ZHo$ {dkmZ¶wJo qH$ à¶moOZ‘²
Añ¶m: àmMrZ^mfm¶m:?' B{V àíZm: H$Xm{MV² ‘Z{g ñ’w$[aVm: ñ¶w: & AV: kmV춑², ¶V²
g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m§ Ho$db§ H$mì¶ZmQ>H$mXr{Z Ed ^dpÝV B{V Z & kmZ^mfm gm Añ‘mH$‘² & VníM¶©¶m
H$R>moan[al‘¡: F${f{^: bãY§ gd©‘od kmZ§ g§ñH¥$Vo Ed ApñV & {Okmg¶m Vñ¶ n[aerbZ‘²
Añ‘mH§$ H$V©ì¶‘² &
g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m§ gdª kmZ§ nyd©‘od H${WV‘² B{V ‘mñVw XþamJ«h: & {H$ÝVw VÎd{ZH$foU narú¶
AmYw{ZHo$Z kmZoZ VV² VmobZr¶‘² Añ‘m{^: & EVXW©‘² AܶoVì¶m g§ñH¥$V^mfm &
AÚ Z¡Ho$ naXoer¶m: A{n g§ñH¥$V^mfm‘² AܶoVw§ à˶h§ ^maV‘² AmJÀN>pÝV &
^maVr¶OrdZnÕ˶m, VÎdkmZoZ, ¶moJdoXmÝV-Am¶wd©oXm{X{^: emó¡: M Vo g§ñH¥$V§ à{V AmH¥$ï>m:
^dpÝV & d¶‘{n OmJê$H$V¶m Añ‘mH§$ ^mfm¶m: ajU§ g§dY©Z§ M Hw$‘©: &
g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: ¶X² CÎm‘§ ¶wî‘m{^: bãY§ VV² nmWo¶ê$noU OrdZàdmgo gd©Xm ¶wî‘m{^: gh
^doV² & g’$bm: ^dV, g§ñH¥$VkmZoZ ñdH$m¶©joÌofw {deofkVm§ àmßZwV & ^maVñ¶ Jm¡addY©H$m:
gwnwÌm: ^dV & AmXe©^yVñ¶ N>mÌñ¶ JwUmZ² gXm ñ‘aV &

kmZV¥îUm Jwam¡ {Zð>m gXmܶ¶ZXjVm &
EH$mJ«Vm ‘hÎdoÀN>m {dÚm{W©JwUn#mH$‘²&&
ew^mñVo nÝWmZ: gÝVw &

nwUo (S>m°. gw{Zb ‘Ja)
{XZm‘: - gÄMmbH$:

‘hmamï´>amÁ¶nmR>çnwñVH${Z{‘©{V: VWm
Aä¶mgH«$‘g§emoYZ‘ÊS>b‘², nwUo.

‘wIn¥ð>g‘ ënZm

àmMrZH$mbmXmaä¶ g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶J“m AÚm{n {ZaÝVa§ àdh{V & BVmo@{n
AJ«o B¶§ g§ñH¥$V‘ÝXm{H$Zr {ZaÝVa§ àd{hî¶{V & EVm‘od g‘ ënZm§ ‘Z{g
{ZYm¶ S>m°. JOmZZ ~miH¥$îU nigwbo B{V AmYw{ZH$g§ñH¥$V‘hmH${dZm
"g§ñH¥$V‘ÝXm{H$Zr' JrV§ (n¥.H«$.112) a{MV‘² & Vm‘od g‘ ënZm§ àH$Q>¶{V
nwñVH$ñ¶ Añ¶ ‘wIn¥ð>‘² &

g§ñH¥$V‘² &

Xe‘rH$jmÀN>mÌmUm§ g§ñH¥$V^mfm{df¶o j‘Vm{dYmZm{Z &

joÌ‘² j‘Vm{dYmZm{Z
ldU‘²
1. AmH$medmʶm Xÿa{MÌdmʶm M àgm[aVñ¶ g§ñH¥$VdmVm©nÌñ¶ ldU§ Hw$d©pÝV
AdJÀN>pÝV M &

2. {ejHo$U g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ H¥$V‘² AZm¡nMm[aH$gå^mfU§ e¥ÊdpÝV &
3. nmR>瑲 A{VH«$å¶ g§ñH¥$Vgw^m{fVm{Z ñVmoÌmXr{Z M e¥ÊdpÝV &
4. g§ñH¥$VJrVZmQ>H$mXrZ² AdJ˶ AmñdmX¶pÝV &

^mfU‘² 1. g§ñH¥$Vñ¶ CƒmaUd¡{eîQ>çm{Z AZwg¥Ë¶ C{MV§ ûcmoH$nR>Z§ gå^mfU§ M Hw$d©pÝV &
2. g§ñH¥$V‘mܶ‘oZ Aܶ¶ZH¥$VrZm§ {df¶o AZw^d§ H$W¶pÝV &

3. g§ñH¥$VoZ MMmª Hw$d©pÝV &

nR>Z‘² 1. ggpÝY VWm gpÝY§ {dJ¥ø nmR>çm§e§ nR>pÝV &

boIZ‘² 1. g§ñH¥$VoZ boIZ{Z¶‘mZ² AZwg¥Ë¶ lwVboIZ§ Hw$d©pÝV &
2. ^mfm{Z¶‘mZ² AZwg¥Ë¶ g§dmX§/dU©Z§/bKwn[aÀN>oX§ {bIpÝV &

3. ‘mܶ‘^mfmV: ^mfm{Z¶‘mZ² AZwg¥Ë¶ AZwdmX§ Hw$d©pÝV &

Aܶ¶Z‘² 1. AmÝVaOmbo g§ñH¥$V{df¶H$mZ² g‘oVñWbmZ² ApÝdî¶pÝV &&
2. AmYw{ZH$^mfmgw dV©‘mZmZm§ eãXmZm§ H¥$Vo g§ñH¥$VoZ à{VeãXmZm§ {Z‘m©U§ à¶moJ§ M Hw$d©pÝV
¶Wm - Mb^mf…, g“UH$…, ‘hmnm¡a…&
3. JrVmXrZm§ g§ñH¥$VmZwdmXñ¶ ¶ËZ§ Hw$d©pÝV &
4. àñVmdZm¶m: {MÝVZàíZmZm§ M AmYmaoU g§ñH¥$VboIH$mZ² VWm g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶{df¶§ OmZpÝV &
5. g§ñH¥$VoZ eãXOmbñ¶ {Z‘m©Uo ¶ËZ§ Hw$d©pÝV &
6. g§ñH¥$VoZ H$Wmny{Vª H$Vwª e³ZwdpÝV &
7. A‘aH$mofñ¶ A{YH$‘² Aܶ¶Z§ à¶moJ§ M Hw$d©pÝV &

^mfmä¶mg: 1. g§ñH¥$VoZ gabg§dmX§ Hw$d©pÝV &
2. gw¶mo½¶ar˶m bH$mamUm§ à¶moJ§ Hw$d©pÝV &
3. nyd©n{R>VmZm§ ^mfm{Z¶‘mZm§ ÑT>rH$aU§ à¶moJ§ M Hw$d©pÝV &
4. AmYw{ZH$g§ñH¥$Vdm¶¶§ n{R>Vw§ AdJÝVw§ M à¶ËZ§ Hw$d©pÝV &
5. g‘ñVnXmZm§ gÝX^©‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ AW©{Zü¶§ {dJ«h§ M Hw$d©pÝV &
6. EH$V… eV§ ¶mdV² (1-100) g§»¶m: (H«$‘-Amd¥{Îmg{hVm:) OmZpÝV &

nmR>çnwñVH$ñ¶ Ano{jVn[aUm‘mWª gdm©gm§ j‘VmZm§ gw¶mo½¶{dH$mgmWª à{Vgámh§ fQ²> (6) Vm{gH$m: Ano{jVm: &

AZwH«$‘{UH$m

* gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & 1

1. AmÚH¥$fH$: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: & (JÚ‘²) 8

2. ì¶gZo {‘Ìnarjm & (JÚ‘²) 11

3. gyp³VgwYm & (nÚ‘²) (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²) 14

& Aä¶mgnÌ‘²-1 & 17
19
* ì¶ÄOZmÝVm: & 25
27
4. A‘y붧 H$‘b‘² & (JÚ‘²)
30
5. g Ed na‘mUw: & (g§dmX:)
33
6. ¶w½‘‘mbm & (nÚ‘²) (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘² &) 35
45
& Aä¶mgnÌ‘²-2 & 48
50
* bH$maOJV² & (A) YmVd… ({ÛVr¶: g‘yh:) (~) {bQ²> (H$) dmÀ¶n[adV©Z‘² & 53
60
7. g§ñH¥$VZmQ>çñV~H$: & (g§dmX:) (gabmW©boIZmW©‘²) 62

8. dmMZàe§gm & (nÚ‘²) (gabmW©boIZmW©‘²) 65

9. YoZmoì¶m©K«: nbm¶Vo & (JÚ‘²) 69
71
* g‘mgm: & 79
85
10. ZXrgy³V‘² & (g§dmX:) (gabmW©boIZmW©‘²)
89
11. OQ>m¶wem¡¶©‘² & (nÚ‘²)
91
12. Am{Xe‘amMm¶©: & (JÚ‘²) 93
96
& Aä¶mgnÌ‘²-3 & 101
109
* YmVwgm{YV-{deofUm{Z & 110
113
13. {MÌH$m춑² & (nÚ‘²) (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²) 115
117
14. à{VnX§ g§ñH¥$V‘² & (g§dmX:)

15. ‘mZdVmY‘©: & (nÚ‘²) (gabmW©boIZmW©‘²)

& Aä¶mgnÌ‘²-4 &

* {UOÝVm: (à¶moOH$m:) &

* gL²>»¶m{dœ‘² &

* boIZH$m¡eb‘² - dm³¶aMZm, g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX: , {Z~ÝYboIZ‘², {MÌdU©Z‘²  &

* g§dmXH$m¡eb‘²

* n[a{eï>‘²

* eãXH$mof:

* YmVwê$nm{U

* A‘aH$mof:

àmW©Zm & (Ho$db§ H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘²)

H$aXe©Z‘² - H$amJ«o dgVo bú‘r:
H$a‘ܶo gañdVr &
H$a‘ybo Vw Jmo{dÝX:
à^mVo H$aXe©Z‘² &&

j‘màmW©Zm - g‘wÐdgZo Xo{d
nd©Vmd{b^y{fVo &
{dîUwnpËZ Z‘ñVw䶧
nmXñneª j‘ñd ‘o &&

gy¶©Z‘ñH$ma:-ܶo¶: gXm g{dV¥‘ÊS>b‘ܶdVu
Zmam¶U: ga{gOmgZg{Þ{dï>: &
Ho$¶yadmZ² ‘H$aHw$ÊS>bdmZ² {H$arQ>r
hmar {haÊ‘¶dnwY©¥Ve’MH«$: &&

^moOZ‘ÝÌ:- gVV‘eZH$mbo ‘mV¥^yq‘ ñ‘ao¶‘²
O¶ O¶ OZ{Z Ëd§ ‘w³VH$ÊR>§ dXo¶‘² &
{hVXgwIX‘Þ§ à˶h§ ^j¶o¶‘²
^dVw ~bg‘¥Õ§ amï´>^³Ë¶¡ eara‘² &&

XrnñVw{V: - XrnÁ¶mo{V: na~«÷ XrnÁ¶mo{VO©ZmX©Z: &
Xrnmo ha{V nmnm{Z gÝܶmXrn Z‘mo@ñVwVo &&

empÝV‘ÝÌ: -› nyU©‘X: nyU©{‘X§ nyUm©V² nyU©‘wXÀ¶Vo &
nyU©ñ¶ nyU©‘mXm¶ nyU©‘odmd{eî¶Vo &&

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & {MÌnXH$mof: &
Cn¶w³VdñVy{Z &

{n{hVnÌ‘² ¶mo{OZr gÝX§e: g{#mH$m

‘¥Xþ‘wÐm ‘yë¶m‘: apÝY«H$m gmÝБw{ÐH$m

g§íbofn{Å>H$m {dÚwV²H$mof: ñ‘¥{VebmH$m VÝÌr:

Ñí¶’$bH$‘² Aja’$bH$‘² nmWo¶nmÌ‘² dógy{M:

dóm{U &

D$éH$‘² AYm}éH$‘² ¶wVH$‘² nmXñ¶yV:

1

Ym¡Vdó‘² em{Q>H$m am‘d‘² ñdoXH$:

ImÚnXmWm©: &

amo{Q>H$m emH$‘² gyn: Adboh:

nn©Q>‘² AmoXZ‘² nm¶g‘² Hw$ÊS>{bH$m
{VpÝVS>r Am‘bH$‘²
Amåbm éM¶: &

‘ar{MH$m H$mado„‘²

H$Qw: {V³V‘² H$fm¶‘²

g¡ÝYd‘²
eH©$am
‘Ywam bdU‘²

2

{H«$¶m: &

ñWJ¶{V {nXYm{V CX²KmQ>¶{V {Z‘rb¶{V

Ádmb¶{V {Zdm©n¶{V XXm{V/¶ÀN>{V J¥†m{V

‘m{V ApÝdî¶{V narjVo {MZmo{V

‘X©¶{V do„¶{V ^O©¶{V n[adof¶{V

g‘ b¶{V ì¶dH$b¶{V JwU¶{V ^mO¶{V
3

gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² & g‘¶: &

n#mdmXZ‘² n#mm{YH$-n#mdmXZ‘² Xem{YH$-n#mdmXZ‘²
05.00 05.05 05.10

gnmX-n#mdmXZ‘² {d§e˶{YH -n#mdmXZ‘² n#mqde˶{YH$-n#mdmXZ‘²
05.15 05.20 05.25

gmY©-n#mdmXZ‘² n#mqÌeX{YH$-n#mdmXZ‘² MËdm[a§eX{YH -n#mdmXZ‘²
05.30 05.35 05.40

nmXmoZ-fS²>dmXZ‘² XemoZ-fS>²dmXZ‘² n#mmoZ-fS²>dmXZ‘²
05.45 05.50 05.55

4

H$jm¶m: gmo‘dmgañ¶ g‘¶ga{U: &

(g‘¶ga{U‘² Cn¶wÁ¶ dm³¶m{Z dXV)

Vm{gH$m g‘¶: {df¶:

0 12.20 V: 12.30 àmW©Zm

1 12.30 V: 01.10 ‘amR>r^mfm

2 01.10 V: 01.45 J{UV‘²

3 01.45 V: 02.20 g§ñH¥$V^mfm

4 02.20 V: 02.55 {dkmZ‘²

02.55 V: 03.25 ‘ܶ-{dam‘:

5 03.25 V: 04.00 B{Vhmg:

6 04.00 V: 04.35 AmL²>½b^mfm

7 04.35 V: 05.10 ^y{‘{V:

8 05.10 V: 05.40 emar[aH${ejU‘²

Xe‘rH$jm¶m: N>mÌmUm§ H¥$Vo Aä¶mg{Z¶moOZ‘² &

ñd¶‘ܶ¶Zg‘¶Vm{bH$m &

H«$‘m‘: {df¶: g‘¶: A‘¡: {bIV
1
2 J{UV‘² àmV:H$mbo gmY©n#mdmXZV: Xem{YH$fS²>dmXZn¶©ÝV‘²&
3
4 ‘amR>r^mfm àmV:H$mbo qde˶{YH$-Aï>dmXZV: Xem{YH$ZddmXZn¶©ÝV‘² &
5
6 {dkmZ‘² àmV:H$mbo gmY©ZddmXZV: gnmX-XedmXZn¶©ÝV‘² &

g§ñH¥$V^mfm àmV:H$mbo n#mqde˶{YH$-XedmXZV: EH$mXedmXZn¶©ÝV‘² &

gm. emó‘² gm¶‘mbo Xem{YH$-gádmXZV: XemoZ-Aï>dmXZn¶©ÝV‘² &

AmL²>½b^mfm amÌm¡ Xem{YH$-Aï>dmXZV: nmXmoZ-ZddmXZn¶©ÝV‘² &

H«$sS>V-ZÝXV

gL²>»¶mH«$sS>m
EH§$ Ûo Ìr{U... B{V H«$‘oU gd} {‘{bËdm eVn¶©ÝV§ gL²>»¶m: dXo¶w: & VV: nwZ: VXod AmdV©Zr¶‘² &
naÝVw Apñ‘Z² Adgao gdm©: {df‘gL²>»¶m: {ejH$: Ed dXoV² & N>mÌ¡ñVw Ho$db§ g‘gL²>»¶m: d³Vì¶m: &
A{J«‘o AmdV©Zo {ejH$: g‘gL²>»¶m: dXoV², ~mbmü {df‘gL²>»¶m: dXo¶w: & EVoZ gL²>»¶mä¶mg: gwð>w
^d{V &

gL²>»¶mboIZ‘²
$N>mÌmUm§ JUÛ¶§ H$aUr¶‘² & {ejH$ñ¶ g‘rno H¥$îU’$bH§$ ^doV² & {ejH$: ¶Xm gyM¶{V VXm
à{VJU‘² EH$: H«$sS>H$: AJ«o AmJ˶ H¥$îU’$bH$ñ¶ nwaV: {Vð>oV² & {ejH$: g§ñH¥$VoZ H$m{#mV² gL²>»¶m§
dXoV² & Vm¡ erK«m{VerK«§ Vm§ gL²>»¶m§ H¥$îU’$bHo$ {bIoVm‘² & ¶: AmXm¡ {bI{V Vñ‘¡ JUm¶ EH$: A‘:
XmVì¶: & (gL²>»¶m§ XodZmJar{b߶m amo‘Z²-{b߶m dm bo{IVw‘² Ah©pÝV &) - H«$sS>md„r-nwñVH$mV² &

5

nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² VWm Aä¶mg: &

1. gL²>»¶m: & I) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡: {bIV &
H$) gL²>»¶m: A‘¡: {bIV & 16, 75, 23, 56, 6, 100,

fQ²>qÌeV², Zdgá{V:, gáZd{V:, Ͷer{V:, n#mXe

{ÌMËdm[a¨eV², ̶qóeV², {Ûf{ï>:, fÊUd{V:, MVwaer{V: & 80, 44, 67, 93

J) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡: {bIV & K) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡: {bIV &
2, 12, 22, 32, 42, 52, 8, 18, 28, 38, 48, 58,
62, 72, 82, 92
68, 78, 88, 98

2. bH$ma§ {bIV & 6) g ‘y붧 ‘ø§ XÚmV² & = ............
1) VËàmáw§ ¶Vñd & = bmoQ²>bH$ma: 7) AmË‘m H¥$VmW©Vm§ b^Vm‘² & = ............
2) Ah§ àgÞm ^{dî¶m{‘ & = ............ 8) Ëd§ aMZm§ Ðïw>§ e³Zmo{f & = ............
9) AmMm¶©: V§ àUZm‘ & = ............
3) H$mH$: Cnm{XeV² & = ................. 10) d¶§ d¥Î¶Wª H$m¶©aVm: ñ¶m‘ & = ..........

4) g: ‘¥J§ ~ÝYZmV² 춑w#mV² & = ............

5) {‘Ì {N>pÝY ‘‘ ~ÝYZ‘² & = ............

3. ËdmÝV§/ë¶~ÝV‘² A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V & 2. Ah§ JUoe§ àUå¶ ‘moXH§$ ImXm{‘&
¶Wm
H$. draoÝÐ: Io{bËdm J¥h‘² AmJÀN>V² & à+Z‘² (1n.n.) bQ²>bH$ma:
ë¶~ÝV C.nw.E.d.
Iob²(1n.n.)+ bL>²bH$ma:
³Ëdm à.nw.E.d.

draoÝÐ: AIobV² J¥h‘² AmJÀN>V² M & Ah§ JUoe§ àU‘m{‘ ‘moXH§$ ImXm{‘ M&

bL>²bH$ma: bL>²bH$ma: bQ²>bH$ma: bQ²>bH$ma:
à.nw.E.d. à.nw.E.d. C.nw.E.d. C.nw.E.d.

1) N>mÌm: ñZmËdm embm§ JÀN>ÝVw & 1) Ah§ nwînm{U {d{M˶ ‘mbm§ Jwå’$m{‘ &
2) Ëd§ àmVame§ H¥$Ëdm Am¡fY§ {n~o: & 2) AU©d: Jw鑲 CnJå¶ Z‘«V¶m AdXV² &
3) ‘mZgr ûcmoH$‘² C{XËdm Cnm{deV² & 3) Za: gå¶H²$ drú¶ H$m¶ª Hw$¶m©V² &
4) ‘{hbm Z{V©Ëdm Jm¶{V & 4) ¶y¶§ H$m¶m©{U àmaä¶ nyU©Vm§ Z¶V &

4. ñ‘ {ZîH$mg¶V & ¶Wm MÝÐ: amOVo ñ‘ & AamOV ñ‘ &
‘¥J: H$mH$: M {ZdgV: ñ‘ & ݶdgVm‘² ñ‘ &

{Z + dg² {Z + AdgVm‘² amO² (1Am.n.) amO² (1Am.n.)
(1n.n.) B+A=¶ bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma:
bQ²>bH$ma: bL²>bH$ma: à.nw.E.d à.nw.E.d
à.nw.{Û.d à.nw.{Û.d

1) àOm: newdV² OrdpÝV ñ‘ & 3) ‘mVm nwÌñ¶ {ddmh{df¶o {MÝV¶{V ñ‘ &
2) ‘mVm nwÌñ¶ nmbZ§ H$amo{V ñ‘ & 4) ñVw{VJm¶H$m: àgÞm: ^dpÝV ñ‘ &

6

5. bH$ma§ n[adV©¶V & ¶Wm - g: 춑w#mV² & ({d{Y{bL²>bH$mao) {d‘w#moV²
Ëd§ YZw: ˶O & (bQ²> bH$mao) ˶O{g

˶O² (1n.n.) ˶O² (1n.n.) {d + ‘wM²-‘w#m² {d + ‘wM²-‘w#m²
bmoQ>bH$ma: bQ²>bH$ma: (6n.n.) (6n.n.)
‘.nw.E.d ‘.nw.E.d B+A=¶ {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:
bL>²>bH$ma: à.nw.E.d
à.nw.E.d

1) Ah§ àgÞm ^{dî¶m{‘ & ({d{Y{bL²>) 5) ‘o AmË‘m H¥$VmW©Vm§ b^Vm‘² & ({d{Y{bL²>)
2) OZm: Ymݶ~rOm{Z AdnZ² & (bmoQ²>) 6) J«ÝWmb¶o Z¡H$m{Z nwñVH$m{Z gpÝV & (bL²>)
3) gd} àOmOZm: gÝVwï>m: A^dZ² & (b¥Q²>) 7) g: A{MÝV¶V² & (bmoQ²>)
4) e¥Jmb: ‘¥JoU gh {‘ÌVm‘² EoÀN>V² & (bQ²>) 8) {e{ea-F$Vm¡ VS>mJo H$‘b§ ì¶H$gV² & (bQ²>)

6. dMZ§ n[adV©¶V &

¶Wm- MmaUm: ñVwqV Jm¶pÝV & (EH$dMZo)

3) YoZw: ‘#mo AmJÀN>{V & ({ÛdMZo)
MmaU: ñVwqV Jm¶{V & 4) H$f©H$: ~rOmV² ’$b§ b^Vo & (~hþdMZo)
5) g: J¥hmV² {ZaJÀN>V² & (~hþdMZo)
1) ‘¥J: gñ¶‘² AImXV² & (~hþdMZo) 6) Vo {eî¶m: Cƒ¡: AdXZ² & ({ÛdMZo)
7) gm nwñVH§$ n{R>Vw§ àma^Vo & (~hþdMZo)
8) Ah§ aWmV² AdVam{‘ & ({ÛdMZo)
........ g񶑲 ........ &

2) OZm: Z gÝVwï>m: & (EH$dMZo)

........ Z ........ & 9) Ëd§ B‘§ VÊSw>b§ {d^O & (~hþdMZo)

7. "^dmZ²' ñWmZo "Ëd‘²'/"Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &

gd©Zm‘ EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² nwéf:
¶wî‘X² Ëd‘² ¶wdm‘² ¶y¶‘² ‘ܶ‘-nwéf:

^dV² ^dmZ²/^dVr ^dÝVm¡/^d˶m¡ ^dÝV:/^d˶: àW‘-nwéf:

¶Wm - Ëd‘² VÊSy>bmZ² AmZ¶ & ^dmZ² VÊSy>bmZ² AmZ¶Vw &

8. H$maH$n[aM¶§ Hw$éV & 9. àm{Vn{XH§$ {bIV &
¶Wm- ZV©³¶m¡-ZV©H$s & Vñ¶-VX² (nw§./Znw§.)
{d^{º$: H$maH$‘² {d^{º$: H$maH$‘²
{dîUdo-{dîUw & B¶‘²-BX‘² (ór.)
àW‘m H$Vm© MVwWu gåàXmZ‘²
Zm‘m{Z gd©Zm‘m{Z
{ÛVr¶m H$‘© n#m‘r AnmXmZ‘² j{̶mUm‘², A¾m¡, a‚dm, Vofm‘², ‘V², gm,
gd}ä¶:, Añ¶m:,
V¥Vr¶m H$aU‘² gá‘r A{YH$aU‘² Zm{¶H$¶m, gañd˶¡, A¶‘², ¶wd¶mo:,
¶Wm- H$d¶: H$mì¶m{Z aM¶pÝV & (H$maH$‘²-H$Vm©) Jw{UZ:, g§Ý¶m{gZ:, EVpñ‘Z², H$¶m,
ZÚm‘², AÜdZm, ^ñ‘, ¶ñ‘¡, Vm{^:,
1. h[a: boIZt ¶ÀN>{V & dñVwä¶m‘², ^«mVam¡, gd©ñ‘mV², AZ¶mo:,
2. d¥jmV² ’$b§ nV{V & new{^:, Xþdm©ggm, Cf{g, ^d˶m:, ^dÝVm¡,
3. ~mbm: H$ÝXþHo$Z H«$sS>pÝV & ‘øm‘², dm[a{U, [anwfw,
4. dZo ì¶mK«: dg{V & nÝWm:, e{º$‘mZ², ‘ø‘²
5. ‘mVm ~mbH$m¶ ‘moXH§$ ¶ÀN>{V &

7

àW‘: nmR>: & AmÚH¥$fH$: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: &

F$½doXmV² Efm H$Wm CÕ¥Vm (F$.10.93.14) & doZ^ynVo: nwÌ: d¡Ý¶: x ^maVXoeo H¥${fjoÌñ¶
Ed n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: B{V ZmåZm kmV: & g: àOm{hVXj: AmXe©: g‘«mQ²> B{V ñ‘¥V:& d¡{eîQ>çm{Z H$m{Z ?
^maVXoeo n¥WwZm Ed H¥${fH$m¶ª àmaãY§, g§emo{YV§, {dH$mg§ à{V ZrV§ M& g
Ed H¥${f{dÚm¶m: OZH$: B{V ‘V: & AV Ed g: àW‘: H¥$fH$:& Y[aͶm: x H¥${fà{H«$¶m{df¶o H$W¶V &
"n¥{Wdr' B{V Zm‘m{^YmZ§ n¥Wmo: H$m¶©ñ¶ ñ‘maH$‘²' B{V ‘ݶVo ~wY¡:&

^ynmb: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: Zm‘ Yam¶m§ àW‘:
A{^{f³V: g‘«mQ²> & à¶mJjoÌo n¥WwZ¥nñ¶
amOYmZr AmgrV²& amÁ¶m{^foH$g‘¶o
MmaUm: n¥WwZ¥nñ¶ ñVwqV JmVw‘wËgwH$m: &
VXm n¥Ww: Amkmn¶V², ""{Vð>ÝVw MmaUm: !
¶mdV² ‘‘ gX²JwUm: Z àH$Q>r^dpÝV
VmdXh§ Z ñVmoVì¶:& ñVdZ§ Vw B©ídañ¶¡d
^doV² &'' ñVw{VJm¶H$m: n¥WwZ¥nñ¶
EVmX¥et {Z:ñn¥hVm§ kmËdm àgÞm:
A^dZ²&

EH$Xm n¥WwamO: ñdamÁ¶o ^«‘U‘²
AH$amoV² & ^«‘Ug‘¶o VoZ Ñï>§ ¶V² àOm: AVrd H¥$em: Ae³VmíM & Vm: àOm: newd‚mrdpÝV & {ZH¥$ï>mÞ§
ImXpÝV & VX² ÑîQ‰>m amOm {MÝVmHw$b: OmV: & VXm nwamo{hVmo@dXV², ""ho amOZ², YZYmݶm{X gdª dñVwOmV§
dñVwV: dgwÝYam¶m: CXa Ed dV©Vo & VËàmá§w ¶Vñd &''

VXm n¥Ww^ynoZ VXWª YZw: g‚mrH¥$V‘²& VXm ^y{‘:
órê$n§ Y¥Ëdm Vñ¶ nwaV: àH${Q>Vm A^dV² AdXV² M, ""ho
amOoÝÐ! Vd {nVm Xþ:emgH$: doZamO: amOY‘©ñ¶ nmbZ§
ZmH$amoV²& VXm ‘¶m MmoabwÊR>H$^¶mV² YZYmݶnwîn’$bm{Z
‘‘ CXao {Z{hVm{Z & Ëd§ Vw àOm{hVXj: Z¥n: & ¶{X Ëd§
à¶ËZoZ H¥${fH$m¶ª H$amo{f V{h© Ah§ àgÞm ^{dî¶m{‘&
AV: YZw: ˶O & I{ZÌm{U, hbmZ², Hw$ÔmbH$mZ²
b{dÌm{U M hñVo J¥hrËdm àOmOZ¡: gh H¥${fH$m¶ª
Hw$é&''

^y‘mVw: CnXoe§ ‘Z{g {ZYm¶ n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: ZXrZm§
‘mJ©‘² Adéܶ H¥${fH$m¶m©Wª Obñ¶ Cn¶moJ‘² AH$amoV²&
d¥{ï>Obg#m¶§ H¥$Ëdm Obì¶dñWmnZ‘² AH$amoV²&
^y{‘‘² Cd©aV‘m§ H$Vwª àm¶VV& VXZÝVa§ Vpñ‘Z² joÌo
OZm: Ymݶ~rOm{Z AdnZ²& g Z¡Ho$ä¶: d¥joä¶:
{d{dYàH$maH$mUm§ ~rOmZm§ g‘bZ§ M¶Z§ M n[al‘oU

8

AH$amoV²& AZÝVa§ ~rOmZm§ g§ñH$aU§ H¥$Ëdm dnZ‘² AH$amoV² & nO©Ý¶mZÝVa§ ~rOoä¶: AL²>Hw$am: CX²^yVm:&
Ymݶbm^oZ gd} àOmOZm: gÝVwï>m: M A^dZ²& Ef: H$ë¶mUH$mar Z¥n: n¥{Wì¶m§ àemgZo AJ«Ur: OZgodmd«Vr
M A^dV²&

n¥Wwd¡Ý¶ñ¶ AmXe©^yVm{Z H$m¶m©{U &

g§ajUì¶dñWm n¥Wwd¡Ý¶ñ¶ neyZm§ H¥$Vo a{jVm{Z V¥UjoÌm{U
Obì¶dñWmnZ‘² OZgodm AÞXþ½YmXrZm§ ì¶dñWm
ZJaì¶dñWmnZ‘²
H¥${fg§emoYZ‘²
{ejUì¶dñWm
Amamo½¶gw{dYm:

^mfmä¶mg:

1. nyU©dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

A) MmaUm: {H$‘W©‘² CËgwH$m:? Am) ^«‘Ug‘¶o n¥WwamOoZ qH$ Ñï>‘²?

B) dgwÝYam¶m: CXao qH$ dV©Vo? B©) órê$n§ Y¥Ëdm n¥WwZ¥nñ¶ nwaV: H$m àH${Q>Vm A^dV²?

C) n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: H¥${fH$m¶m©Wª Obñ¶ ì¶dñWmnZ§ H$W‘² AH$amoV²?

2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &

A) ^y‘mVm n¥Wwd¡Ý¶§ {H$‘² Cnm{XeV²? Am) Y[aͶm: CnXoe§ ‘Z{g {ZYm¶ n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: qH$ {H$‘² AH$amoV²?

3. OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V & 4. nmR>çm§e§ n{R>Ëdm àdm{hOmb§ nya¶V &
A)

hbm: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: ~rOmZm§

H¥${f-gmYZm{Z

Am) H¥$em:
n¥WwamOñ¶ àOm:

B) YZm{Z AH$amoV²
^yå¶m CXao
{Z{hVm{Z

9

5. àíZ{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV &
A) à¶mJjoÌo n¥WwamOñ¶ amOYmZr AmgrV² & Am) àOm: newdV² OrdpÝV &
B) YZYmݶm{X gdª dñVwOmV§ dgwÝYam¶m: CXa Ed dV©Vo &
B©) nO©Ý¶mZÝVa§ ~rOoä¶: AL²>Hw$am: CX²^yVm: &

6. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV &
A) n¥Wwd¡Ý¶ñ¶ {Z:ñn¥hVm§ kmËdm ñVw{VJm¶H$m: àgÞm: A^dZ² & (nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ËdmÝV-A춶§
{ZîH$mg¶V &)
Am) Ëd§ à¶ËZoZ H¥${fH$m¶ª H$amo{f & ("Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &)
B) Ëd§ YZw: ˶O & ("Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &)
B©) ^y‘mVw: CnXoe§ ‘Z{g {ZYm¶ n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: H¥${fH$m¶©‘² AH$amoV² & ("^y‘mVw:' ñWmZo "^y{‘' eãXñ¶ ¶mo½¶§
ê$n§ {bIV &)
C) àOmOZ¡: gh H¥${fH$m`ª Hw$é & (bH$ma§ {bIV &)
D$) Ah§ àgÞm ^{dî¶m{‘ & (b¥Q²> ñWmZo {bL²> à¶moJ§ Hw$éV &)
E) ^y{‘: órê$n§ Y¥Ëdm Vñ¶ nwaV: àH${Q>Vm A^dV² & (nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ËdmÝV-A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V&)

7. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV &

{deofU‘² H¥$em: Cd©am AmZpÝXVm: Xþ:emgH$: àOm{hVXj:

{deo² n¥Ww: doZ: àOm: ^y{‘: àOmOZm:

8. g‘mZmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & d¥j:, ^y{‘:, amOm, YZw:, ZXr &

9. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV & ñVw{V: , gX²JwUm:, àgÞm:, Ae³Vm:, nwaV:, H¥$em: &

10. H$: H§$ dX{V ?
A) {Vð>ÝVw MmaUm: & Am) VËàmáw§ ¶Vñd & B) Vd {nVm Xþ:emgH$: & B©) AV: YZw: ˶O &

11. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & $A) CXa Ed Am) newd‚mrdpÝV B) Ae³VmíM B©) nwamo{hVmo@dXV² &

12. A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
A) ^y{‘: órê$n§ Y¥Ëdm àH${Q>Vm &

Am) ^ynmb: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: Zm‘ Yam¶m: àW‘: A{^{f³V: g‘«mQ²> &

H«$sS>V-ZÝXV & AZÝ˶dm³¶aMZm

àW‘: ~mb: EH$ñ¶ eãXñ¶ H$WZoZ H$ñ¶{MV² dm³¶ñ¶ Amaå^§ Hw$¶m©V² & {ÛVr¶:

~mb: àW‘oZ ~mbHo$Z Cº§$ eãX‘² Cƒm¶© Vñ¶ dm³¶ñ¶ AZwdV©Zê$noU ñd¶‘{n

EH§$ eãX§ ¶moO¶oV² & V¥Vr¶: V¥Vr¶‘² & MVwW©: MVwW©‘² Ed‘² AJ«o@{n & naÝVw

H$mo@{n dm³¶ñ¶ g‘mqá Z Hw$¶m©V² & ¶: VWm H$amo{V g: JUmV² ~mø: ^d{V &

CXm. - - - 1. H$pñ‘§{üV² - - - 2. H$pñ‘§{üV² J«m‘o - - - 3. H$pñ‘§{üV²

J«m‘o H$üZ - - - 4. H$pñ‘§{üV² J«m‘o H$üZ H¥$nU: - - -

AÌ "AmgrV²' B{V ¶{X CÀ¶Vo V{h© dm³¶§ g‘m᧠^d{V & ¶: VV² H$W¶{V g:

~mø: ^d{V & AV: g: Ho$Zm{n àH$maoU dm³¶‘² AJ«o@{n AZwdV©{¶Vw§ à¶ËZ§ Hw$¶m©V²

{ejH$: {H${#mV² gmhm涧 H$Vw©‘² Ah©{V & - H«$sS>md„r-nwñVH$mV² &

10

{ÛVr¶: nmR>: & ì¶gZo {‘Ìnarjm &

{hVmonXoemV² ñdrH¥$Vm Efm H$Wm & {hVmonXoeñ¶ H$Vm© Zmam¶UnpÊS>V: & x $$CÎm‘{‘Ìo Ho$ JwUm: ^do¶w:?
{hVmonXoeñ¶ MËdma: {d^mJm: gpÝV & 1) {‘Ìbm^: 2) gwöX²^oX: x g‘Q>g‘¶o {‘ÌoU gmhm涧
3) {dJ«h: 4) gpÝY: & J«ÝWo@pñ‘Z² newn{jUm§ H$Wm‘mܶ‘oZ Zr{VdMZm{Z
~mo{YVm{Z & H¥$V{‘{V H$Xm{MX² AZw^yV§ dm?

ApñV EH§$ MånH§$ Zm‘ Aaʶ‘² & Aaʶo {MÌm“mo Zm‘ ‘¥J: EH$mjmo Zm‘ H$mH$íM ñZohoZ {ZdgV:
ñ‘& EH$Xm {MÌm“: dZo ^«‘Z² Ho$Zm{n e¥JmboZ Adbmo{H$V: & jwÐ~w{Õ: Zm‘ g: e¥Jmb: ñdmW©hoVwZm ‘¥JoU
gh {‘ÌVm‘² EoÀN>V² & AñV“Vo g{dV[a jwÐ~w{Õ: ‘¥JoU gh ‘¥Jñ¶ {ZdmgñWmZ§ JV: & ‘¥Je¥Jmbm¡ ÑîQ‰>m
H$mH$mo@dXV², ""gIo {MÌm“! H$mo@¶§ {ÛVr¶: ?'' ‘¥J: A~«yV, ""Oå~yH$mo@¶‘² & Añ‘Ëg»¶‘² BÀN>{V &''
H$mH$: Cnm{XeV², ""AH$ñ‘mXmJÝVwZm gh {‘ÌVm Z ¶w³Vm &'' VXmH$ʶ© Oå~yH$: gH$mon‘² Amh, ""‘¥Jñ¶
àW‘Xe©Zo ^dmZ{n An[a{MV: Ed AmgrV² & ¶Wm¶§ ‘¥J: ‘‘ ~ÝYw: VWm ^dmZ{n &'' ‘¥J: A~«drV², ""Ab§

11

{ddmXoZ & d¶§ gd} AmZÝXoZ EH$Ì {Zdgm‘: &'' H$mHo$Zmo³V‘², ""Ed‘ñVw &''
{H${#mËH$mbmZÝVa§ e¥Jmb: ‘¥J‘² AdXV², "dZo@pñ‘Z² EH§$ gñ¶nyU©joÌ‘pñV & Xe©¶m{‘ Ëdm‘² &' VWm H¥$Vo

‘¥J: à˶h§ VÌ JËdm gñ¶‘² AImXV² & VX² ÑîQ‰>m EH$pñ‘Z² {XZo joÌn{VZm nme: ¶mo{OV: & VÌmJV: ‘¥J:
nme¡~©Õ: & g: A{MÝV¶V², ""BXmZt {‘Ìmʶod eaU§ ‘‘ &'' XÿamV² VV² ní¶Z² Oå~yH$: ‘Z{g AmZpÝXV>: &
gmo@{MÝV¶V², ""’${bV§ ‘o ‘ZmoaW‘² & BXmZt à^yV§ ^moOZ§ àmßñ¶m{‘ &'' ‘¥JñV§ ÑîQ‰>m A~«drV², ""{‘Ì,
{N>pÝY VmdÝ‘‘ ~ÝYZ‘² & Ìm¶ñd ‘m‘² &'' Oå~yH$mo XÿamXodmdXV², ""{‘Ì, ÑT>mo@¶§ ~ÝY: & ñZm¶w{Z{‘©VmZ²
nmemZoVmZ² H$W§ dm d«V{Xdgo ñn¥em{‘?'' B˶w³Ëdm g: g‘rn‘od d¥jñ¶ n¥ð>V: {Z^¥V§ pñWV: &

àXmofH$mbo ‘¥J‘pÝdî¶Z² H$mH$ñVÌmonpñWV: & ‘¥J§ VWm{dY§ ÑîQ‰>m g CdmM, ""gIo ! {H$‘oVV² ?''
‘¥JoUmo³V‘², ""gwöX²dm³¶ñ¶ AZmXamV² ~Õmo@h‘² & C³V§ M -

gwöXm§ {hVH$m‘mZm§ ¶: e¥Umo{V Z ^m{fV‘² &
{dnV² g{Þ{hVm Vñ¶ g Za: eÌwZÝXZ: &&''

H$mH$: A~«yV, ""g d#mH$: ¹$mñVo ?'' ‘¥JoUmo³V‘², ""‘Ý‘m§gmWu {Vð>˶̡d &'' H$mH$: C³VdmZ²,
""Cnm¶ñVmdV² {MÝVZr¶: &''

AW à^mVo joÌn{Vb©JwS>hñV: AmJÀN>Z² H$mHo$Zmdbmo{H$V: & V‘mbmo³¶ H$mHo$Zmo³V‘², ""gIo ‘¥J,
Ëd‘mË‘mZ§ ‘¥VdËg§Xe©¶ & dmVoZmoXa§ nya{¶Ëdm nmXmÝñVãYrH¥$˶ {Vð> & ¶Xmh§ eãX§ H$amo{‘ VXm Ëd‘wËWm¶
gËda§ nbm{¶î¶go &'' ‘¥JñVW¡d pñWV: &

joÌn{VZm ‘¥J: Ambmo{H$V: C³V#m, ""Am:! ñd¶§ ‘¥Vmo@{g!'' g: ‘¥J§ ~ÝYZmV² 춑w#mV² & VV:
H$mH$eãX§ lwËdm ‘¥J: gËda§ nbm{¶V: & V‘w{Ôí¶ joÌn{VZm {jáoZ bJwS>oZ e¥JmbñVmdX² hV: &

^mfmä¶mg:

1. nyU©dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV & Am) H$mH$: {H$‘² Cnm{XeV² ?
A) Aaʶo H$m¡ {ZdgV: ñ‘ ? B©) jwÐ~w{Õ: Hw$Ì {Z^¥V§ pñWV: ?
B) ‘¥J: à˶h§ jo̧ JËdm {H$‘² AH$amoV² ?
C) e¥Jmb: Ho$Z hV: ? Am) "{‘Ì, {N>pÝY VmdÝ‘‘ ~ÝYZ‘² &'

2. $H$: $H§$ dX{V ?
A) "dZo@pñ‘Z² EH§$ gñ¶nyUª joÌ‘pñV &'
B) "g d#mH$: ¹$mñVo ?'

3. àý{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV & Am) àXmofH$mbo ‘¥J‘pÝdî¶Z² H$mH$: joÌo CnpñWV: &
A) e¥Jmb: ‘¥JoU gh {‘ÌVm‘² EoÀN>V² &

B) g: d¥jñ¶ n¥ð>V: {Z^¥V§ pñWV: &

4. CÎmanX§ {bIV & 5. nyd©nX§ {bIV & + A~«drV² &
A) H$mH$mo@dXV² = H$mH$: + & A) ‘¥Jmo@~«drV² = + CXa‘² &
Am) ‘¥JoUmo³V‘² = ‘¥JoU + & Am) dmVoZmoXa‘² = + A{g &
B) Oå~yH$mo@¶‘² = Oå~yH$: + & B) ‘¥Vmo@{g =

12

6. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV &
A) ‘¥J: à˶h§ VÌ JËdm gñ¶‘² AImXV² & (ËdmÝV-A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V &)
Am) {_Ì {N>pÝY VmdÝ__ ~ÝYZ_² & (bH$ma§ {bIV &)
B) d¶‘² AmZÝXoZ EH$Ì {Zdgm‘: & (bQ²>bH$mañWmZo bL²>bH$ma§ ¶moO¶V &)
B©) Ëd§ nmXmÝñVãYrH¥$˶ {Vð> & ("Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &)
C) ^dmZ{n An[a{MV: Ed AmgrV² & ("^dmZ²' ñWmZo "Ëd§' ¶moO¶V &)
D$) Ëd§ gËda§ nbm{¶î¶go & ("Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &)

7. ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV & {deo² 9. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &
{deofU‘² bJwS>oZ
ÑT>: {XZo d³Ìm g§dmX§ ‘ob¶V
{jáoZ ‘¥J:
EH$pñ‘Z² ~ÝY: Oå~yH$: ‘¥J:
bJwS>hñV: joÌn{V:

8. OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V & (‘ÄOyfm - Ìm¶ñd ‘m‘², Xe©¶m{‘ Ëdm‘²,
ÑT>mo@¶§ ~ÝY:, {N>pÝY ‘‘ ~ÝYZ‘²)

Aaʶ‘² d³Ìm g§dmX§ ‘ob¶V
Zm‘m{Z ‘¥J: H$mH$:

e¥Jmb: H$mH$:

‘¥J:
(‘ÄOyfm - Ab§ {ddmXoZ, H$mo@¶§ {ÛVr¶:?,

10. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & Ed‘ñVw, Añ‘Ëg»¶‘² BÀN>{V &)

A) "g Za: eÌwZÝXZ:' B{V dMZ§ H$Wm¶m: AmYmaoU ñnï>rHw$éV &

Am) H$mHo$Z H$: Cnm¶: C³V$: ?

11. A‘aH$mofmV² g‘mZmW©H§$ eãX§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
A) Aaʶo ‘¥J: H$mH$: M ñZohoZ {ZdgV: & Am) Oå~yH$: VoZ gh ‘¥Jñ¶ {ZdmgñWmZ§ JV: &

B) ‘¥J‘pÝdî¶Z² H$mH$: VÌ CnpñWV: &

12. {déÕmW©H$eãX§ {bIV &
ÑT>:, ‘¡Ìr, ~Õ:, à^yV‘² &

CnH«$‘ :

1. nmR>mV² CnnX{d^p³V¶w³Vm{Z dm³¶m{Z {MËdm {bIV &

2. nmR>mV² eV¥ê$nm{U {MËdm {bIV &

13

V¥Vr¶: nmR>: gy{³VgwYm& (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW‘© ²)

gy³V¶: Zm‘ gwdMZm{Z & gy³VrZm§ nR>ZoZ dm³MmVw¶ª dY©Vo & gy³VrZm§ à¶moJ: boIZo ^mfUo M à^md§

OZ¶{V & C³V‘od- {IÞ§ Mm{n gw^m{fVoZ a‘Vo ñdr¶§ ‘Z: gd©Xm

lwËdmݶñ¶ gw^m{fV§ Ibw ‘Z: lmoVw§ nwZdm©ÄN>{V &

AkmZ² kmZdVmo@߶ZoZ {h derH$Vwª g‘Wm©o ^doV²

H$V©ì¶mo {h gw^m{fVñ¶ ‘ZwO¡amdí¶H$: gL²>J«h: &&

d¥Îm‘² - emXÿ©b{dH«$s{S>V‘² {dÚm Zm‘ Zañ¶ ê$n‘{YH§$ àÀN>ÞJw᧠YZ‘²
{dÚm ^moJH$ar ¶e:gwIH$ar {dÚm Jwê$Um§ Jwé:&
{dÚm ~ÝYwOZmo {dXoeJ‘Zo {dÚm na§ X¡dV‘²
{dÚm amOgw nyÁ¶Vo Z Vw YZ§ {dÚm{dhrZ: new:&&1&& -Zr{VeVH$mV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) ê$n‘{YH$‘² = ê$n‘² + A{YH$‘² & 2) ~ÝYwOZmo {dXoeJ‘Zo = ~ÝYwOZ: + {dXoeJ‘Zo &

AÝd¶: - {dÚm Zm‘ Zañ¶ A{YH§$ ê$n‘², àÀN>ÞJw᧠YZ‘², {dÚm ^moJH$ar ¶e:gwIH$ar (M) & {dÚm
Jwê$Um§ Jwé: & {dXoeJ‘Zo {dÚm ~ÝYwOZ: & {dÚm na§ X¡dV‘² & {dÚm amOgw nyÁ¶Vo Z Vw YZ‘² &
{dÚm{dhrZ: new: (Ed) &

{ZÝXÝVw Zr{V{ZnwUm ¶{X dm ñVwdÝVw
d¥Îm‘² - dgÝV{VbH$m bú‘r: g‘m{deVw JÀN>Vw dm ¶Woï>‘² &

AÚ¡d dm ‘aU‘ñVw ¶wJmÝVao dm

ݶmæ¶mËnW: à{dMbpÝV nX§ Z Yram:&&2&& -Zr{VeVH$mV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) Zr{V{ZnwUm ¶{X = Zr{V{ZnwUm: + ¶{X 2) AÚ¡d = AÚ + Ed &

3) ‘aU‘ñVw = ‘aU‘² + AñVw & 4) ݶmæ¶mËnW: = ݶmæ¶mV² + nW: &

AÝd¶: - ¶{X (A{n) Zr{V{ZnwUm: {ZÝXÝVw ñVwdÝVw dm, bú‘r: g‘m{deVw ¶Woï>§ JÀN>Vw dm, ‘aU‘² AÚ
Ed AñVw ¶wJmÝVao dm, (VWm{n) Yram: ݶmæ¶mV² nW: nX§ Z à{dMbpÝV &

d¥Îm‘²- AZwïw>n² AmË‘Zmo ‘wIXmofoU ~ܶÝVo ewH$gm[aH$m:&
~H$mñVÌ Z ~ܶÝVo ‘m¡Z§ gdm©W©gmYZ‘²&&3&& -n#mVÝÌmV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) AmË‘Zmo ‘wIXmofoU = AmË‘Z: + ‘wIXmofoU & 2) ~H$mñVÌ = ~H$m: + VÌ&
AÝd¶: - ewH$gm[aH$m: AmË‘Z: ‘wIXmofoU ~ܶÝVo & VÌ ~H$m: Z ~ܶÝVo & (AV:) ‘m¡Z§ gdm©W©gmYZ‘² &

aWñ¶¡H§$ MH«§$ ^wOJ¶{‘Vm: gá VwaJm:
d¥Îm‘² - {eI[aUr {Zambå~mo ‘mJ©íMaU{dH$b: gma{Wa{n&

a{d¶m©Ë¶odmÝV§ à{V{XZ‘nmañ¶ Z^g:
{H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo ^d{V ‘hVm§ ZmonH$aUo&&4&& -^moOà~ÝYmV²
gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) aWñ¶¡H$‘²$ = aWñ¶ + EH$‘²$ & 2) ‘mJ©üaU{dH$b: = ‘mJ©: + MaU{dH$b: &
3) gma{Wa{n = gma{W: + A{n & 4) a{d¶m©Ë¶odmÝV‘² = a{d: + ¶m{V + Ed + AÝV‘² &
5) à{V{XZ‘nmañ¶ = à{V{XZ‘² + Anmañ¶ & 6) ZmonH$aUo = Z + CnH$aUo &

14

AÝd¶: - aWñ¶ EH§$ MH«§$, gá ^wOJ¶{‘Vm: VwaJm:, {Zambå~: ‘mJ©:, gma{W: A{n MaU{dH$b:, (VWm{n)
a{d: à{V{XZ‘² Anmañ¶ Z^g: AÝV§ ¶m{V Ed & ‘hVm§ {H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo ^d{V, CnH$aUo Z
(^d{V) &

d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² AënmZm‘{n dñVyZm§ g§h{V: H$m¶©gm{YH$m&
V¥U¡Jw©UËd‘mnÞ¡~©Ü¶ÝVo ‘ÎmXpÝVZ: &&5&& - {hVmonXoemV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) AënmZm‘{n = AënmZm‘² + A{n &

2) V¥U¡Jw©UËd‘mnÞ¡~©Ü¶ÝVo = V¥U¡: + JwUËd‘² + AmnÞ¡: + ~ܶÝVo &

AÝd¶: - AënmZm§ dñVyZm‘² A{n g§h{V: H$m¶©gm{YH$m ({dÚVo) & (¶Wm) JwUËd‘² AmnÞ¡: V¥U¡: ‘ÎmXpÝVZ:
~ܶÝVo &

d¥Îm‘²-‘m{bZr àW‘d¶{g nrV§ Vmo¶‘ën§ ñ‘aÝV:
{ea{g {Z{hV^mam Zm[aHo$bm ZamUm‘² &

XX{V Ob‘ZënmñdmX‘mOr{dVmÝV§

Z {h H¥$V‘wnH$ma§ gmYdmo {dñ‘apÝV &&6&& - {dH«$‘M[aVmV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) Vmo¶‘ën‘² = Vmo¶‘² + Aën‘² & 2) H¥$V‘wnH$ma‘² = H¥$V‘² + CnH$ma‘² &

3) gmYdmo {dñ‘apÝV = gmYd: + {dñ‘apÝV &

4) Ob‘ZënmñdmX‘mOr{dVmÝV‘² = Ob‘² + AZënmñdmX‘² + AmOr{dVmÝV‘² &

5) {Z{hV^mam Zm[aHo$bm ZamUm‘² = {Z{hV^mam: + Zm[aHo$bm: + ZamUm‘²

AÝd¶: - àW‘d¶{g nrV‘² Aën§ Vmo¶§ ñ‘aÝV: {ea{g {Z{hV^mam: Zm[aHo$bm: AmOr{dVmÝV§ ZamUm§
(Zaoä¶:) AZënmñdmX§ Ob§ XX{V & gmYd: H¥$V‘² CnH$ma§ Z {h {dñ‘apÝV &

d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² KQ>§ {^ÝÚmV² nQ>§ {N>ÝÚmV² Hw$¶m©Ðmg^amohU‘² &
¶oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU à{gÕ: nwéfmo ^doV² &&7&& -hmñ¶mo{³V:

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) Hw$¶m©Ðmg^amohU‘² = Hw$¶m©V² + amg^amohU‘² & 2) nwéfmo ^doV² = nwéf: + ^doV² &
AÝd¶: - nwéf: KQ>§ {^ÝÚmV², nQ>§ {N>ÝÚmV², amg^amohU§ (A{n) Hw$¶m©V² & ¶oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU (g:) à{gÕ:

^doV² &

^mfmä¶mg:

ûcmoH$: 1 3. OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) H$m Jwê$Um§ Jwé: ? àÀN>ÞJw᧠&
Am) qH$ amOgw Z nyÁ¶Vo ?
Jwê$Um§ &
B) $H$: new: Ed ? {dÚm na§ &
2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
Zañ¶ A{YH§$ &
A) "{dÚm Zm‘ Zañ¶' . . . B{V ûcmHo $mYmaUo

{dÚm¶m: ‘hÎd§ {bIV &

15

ûcmoH$: 2. 4. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
1. ‘ÄOyfmV: C{MV§ eãX§ {MËdm Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & "{H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo ^d{V' B{V gy¶©ñ¶ CXmhaUoZ
ñnï>rHw$éV &
Zr{V{ZnwUm: dm
ûcmoH$: 5.
g‘m{deVw dm 1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

AÚ¡d dm A) H$m H$m¶©gm{YH$m ^d{V ?
Am) H¡$: ‘ÎmXpÝVZ: ~ܶÝVo ?
({ZÝXÝVw, JÀN>Vw, ¶wJmÝVao, ‘aU‘², bú‘r:, 2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
ñVwdÝVw &)
2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & A) AënmZm‘{n Am) V¥U¡Jw©UËd‘mnÞ¡~©Ü¶ÝVo
A) ‘aU‘ñVw & Am) AÚ¡d & 3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
""ݶmæ¶mËnW: à{dMbpÝV nX§ Z Yram: &' B{V "g§h{V: H$m¶©gm{YH$m' B{V gyp³V§ ñnï>rHw$éV &
gy{³V§ ñnï>rHw$éV &
ûcmoH$: 6.
ûcmoH$: 3. 1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
A) gmYd: qH$ Z {dñ‘apÝV ?
A) ewH$gm[aH$m: Ho$Z ~ܶÝVo ? Am) Zm[aHo$bm: qH$ ñ‘apÝV ?

Am) Ho$ Z ~ܶÝVo ? B) Zm[aHo$bm: ^ma§ Hw$Ì dhpÝV ?
2. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
A) ~H$mñVÌ Am) AmË‘Zmo ‘wIXmofoU Zm[aHo$bm: ZamUm‘² CnH$ma§ H$W§ ñ‘apÝV ?

ûcmoH$: 4. ûcmoH$: 7.
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & 1. EH$dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) ado: aWñ¶ H${V VwaJm: gpÝV ? A) Za: qH$ {N>ÝÚmV² ?
Am) ‘ZwO: qH$ {^ÝÚmV² ?
Am) ado: gma{W: H$sÑe: ApñV ? 2. ûcmoH$mV² {bL²>bH$mañ¶ ê$nm{U {MËdm {bIV &
3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
A) aWñ¶¡H$‘² & Am) gma{Wa{n & "¶oZ Ho$Z àH$maoU' B{V C{³V§ ñnï>rHw$éV &

3. ‘ÄOyfmV: eãX§ {MËdm Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & 1. g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV &
{dÚm, new:, YZ‘², bú‘r:, ewH$:, VwaJ:,
{Zambå~: (‘mJ©:, gma{W:, Z^:, a{d:, g§h{V:, XÝVr, Vmo¶‘², {ea:,
VwaJm: EH$‘², gá &) gmYd:, nQ>‘², amg^: &

MaU{dH$b: 2. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV &
{dXoe:, àÀN>Þ‘², {ZÝXÝVw, Aën‘²,
MH«$‘² CnH$ma:, gmYd:, amohU‘² &

4. OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &

aWñ¶ EH§$ & ‘mJ©: &

ado:
{H«$¶m{gÕm¡ à˶yhm:

gá VwaJm: & MaU{dH$b: &
16

Aä¶mgnÌ‘² 1

(1, 2, 3 nmR>mZm‘² AmYmaoU)

1. dm³¶§ nwZ{b©{IËdm g˶‘²/Ag˶‘² B{V {bIV &

A) ñVdZ§ Vw ‘mZdñ¶¡d ^doV² &

Am) n¥WwamO: àOm{hVXj: Z¥n: &

B) AH$ñ‘mV² AmJÝVwZm gh ‘¡Ìr ¶w³Vm &

B©) joÌn{V: ‘¥J§ ~ÝYZmV² 춑w#mV² &

2. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm {bIV &

A) e¥Jmb: ñdmW©hoVwZm gh ‘¡Ì‘² EoÀN>V² & (‘¥JoU/H$mHo$Z)

Am) ’${bV§ ‘o & (à¶moOZ‘²/‘ZmoaW‘²)

B) ~rOoä¶: AL²>Hw$am: CX²^yVm: & (nO©Ý¶mZÝVa‘²/erVH$mbmZÝVa‘²)

B©) àOm: AVrd AmgZ² & (H¥$em:/gwÑT>m:)

3. H«$‘oU ¶moO¶V &

A) 1. joÌo ~rOmZm§ dnZ‘² & ¶Wm- CÎma‘² 1. ZXr‘mJ©ñ¶ AdamoYZ‘² &

2. ^y‘o: Cd©arH$aU‘² & 2. Obì¶dñWmnZ‘² &

3. Obì¶dñWmnZ‘² & 3. ^y‘o: Cd©arH$aU‘² &

4. ZXr‘mJ©ñ¶ AdamoYZ‘² & 4. joÌo ~rOmZm§ dnZ‘² &

Am) 1. ^«‘Ug‘¶o VoZ X¥ï>§ ¶V² àOm: AVrd H¥$em: Ae³Vm: M &

2. nwamo{hVoZ Cnm¶: H${WV: &

3. VV² ÑîQ‰>m amOm {MÝVmHw$b: OmV: &

4. EH$Xm n¥WwamO: ñdamÁ¶o ^«‘U‘² AH$amoV² &

B) 1. nwamo{hVñ¶ CnXoeH$WZ‘² &

2. n¥Ww^ynñ¶ YZw:g‚mrH$aU‘² &

3. ^y‘o: H¥${fH$m¶©ñ¶ CnXoeZ‘² &

4. ^y‘o: órê$n§ Y¥Ëdm àH$Q>Z‘² &

B©) 1. ‘¥JH$mH$¶mo: ñZohoZ {Zdmg: &

2. H$mH$ñ¶ CnXoe: &

3. ‘¥JH$mH$e¥JmbmZm‘² EH$Ì {Zdmg: &

4. e¥Jmbñ¶ ‘¥JoU gh {‘ÌVm &

C) 1. joÌn{VZm nme¶moOZ‘² &

2. e¥JmboZ _¥Jm` gñ¶nyU©joÌñ¶ Xe©Z‘² &

3. ‘¥Jñ¶ nme~ÝYZ‘² &

4. ‘¥Jñ¶ à˶h§ jo̧ J‘Z‘² &

D$) 1. ‘¥J: nme¡~©Õ: &

2. ‘¥J: gñ¶‘² AImXV² &

3. Oå~yH$: ‘Z{g AmZpÝXV: &

4. joÌn{VZm nme: ¶mo{OV: &

17

4. [a³VñWmZm{Z nya{¶Ëdm AÝd¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
A) nwéf: {^ÝÚmV² {N>ÝÚmV² amg^amohU§ Hw$¶m©V² &

¶oZ Ho$Z (g:) nwéf: ^doV² &

Am) AmË‘Z: ~ܶÝVo & VÌ Z ~ܶÝVo &

(¶V:) gdm©W©gmYZ‘² &

5. g‘mg{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
{MÝVmHw$b:, YZYmݶnwîn’$bm{Z, MmoabwÊR>H$^¶‘², àOm{hVXj:, Obì¶dñWmnZ‘², {d{dY~rOm{Z,
jwÐ~w{Õ:, ‘¥Je¥Jmbm¡, An[a{MV:, joÌn{V:, bJwS>hñV:, {dÚm{dhrZ:, Zr{V{ZnwUm:, ewH$gm[aH$m:,
^wOJ¶{‘Vm:, MaU{dH$b:, {H«$¶m{g{Õ:, gH$mon‘², à¶mJjoÌ‘²

6. C{MV§ H$maU§ {MËdm dmŠ`§ nwZ{b©IV & &
A) n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: ñdàOm: ÑîQ‰>m {MÝVmHw$b: OmV: ¶V:

1. Vñ¶ àOmOZm: nañna§ dmX{ddmX§ Hw$d©pÝV & 2. Vñ¶ àOmOZm: newdV² OrdpÝV &

Am) ^yå¶m YZYmݶnwîn’$bm{Z ñd-CXao {Z{hVm{Z ¶V: &

1. doZ^yn: Xþ:emgH$: AmgrV² & 2. ^y{‘: ñd^mdoZ H¥$nUm AmgrV² &

B) n¥Ww^ynoZ ñdYZw: g‚mrH¥$V‘² ¶V: &

1. g: eÌw§ hÝVw‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ & 2. g: YZYmݶm{X gdª dñVwOmV§ dgwÝYam¶m: àmáw‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ &

B©) n¥Ww^ynñ¶ àOmOZm: gÝVwï>m: A^dZ² ¶V: &

1. Vo à^yV§ Ymݶ‘² Ab^ÝV & 2. Vo à^yV§ gwdU©‘² Ab^ÝV &

C) e¥Jmb: ‘¥JoU gh g»¶‘² BÀN>{V ¶V: &

1. e¥Jmb: ‘¥J‘m§g§ Im{XVw‘² BÀN>{V & 2. e¥Jmb: ‘¥Jo pñZø{V &

D$) Oå~yH$: ‘Z{g AmZpÝXV: ¶V: &

1. ‘¥J: nme¡: ~Õ: & 2. Oå~yH$ñ` AÝ`oZ gh {_ÌVm A^dV² &

E) joÌn{V: ‘¥J§ ~ÝYZmV² 춑w#mV² ¶V: &

1. g: "‘¥J: ‘¥V:' B{V {MpÝVVdmZ² & 2. nme~Õ§ ‘¥J§ ÑîQ‰>m Vñ¶ öX¶§ H$éU¶m AÐdV² &

nR>V-~moYV
g_ñ`mny{V©:

{dOoVì¶m b‘ m MaUVaUr¶mo Ob{Z{Ya²
{dnj: nm¡bñ˶mo aU^w{d ghm¶mü H$n¶: &
VWm߶oH$mo am‘: gH$b‘dYrÐmjgHw$b§
{H«$¶m{g{Õ: gÎdo ^d{V ‘hVm§ ZmonH$aUo &&

H«$sS>V-ZÝXV

ImXm{‘
{ejH$: ImÚdñVyZm§ Zm‘m{Z H«$‘e: dXoV² ¶Wm ’$b‘², AmoXZ‘², nm¶g‘² ................ & g:

EH¡$H§$ Zm‘ ¶Xm dX{V VXm H«$sS>H$m: gd}@{n hñV‘² CÎmmoë¶ "ImXm{‘' B{V Cƒ¡: dXo¶w: & {ejH$:

‘ܶo ‘ܶo H$Xm{MV² ImÚdñVyZm§ Zm‘m{Z {dhm¶ AݶdñVyZm§ Zm‘ Cƒma¶oV² & ¶Wm ................

CËnr{R>H$m, nwñVH$‘² B˶od‘² & VXm Vw H«$sS>H$: "ImXm{‘' B{V dX{V hñVmoÎmmobZ§ dm H$amo{V V{h© g:

JUmV² ~mø: ^d{V & - H«$sS>md„r-nwñVH$mV² &

18

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² ì¶ÄOZmÝVm: &

eãXg¥qï> ní¶V - Am{X˶:

A‘˶©:

{ZO©a: {ÌXe: {‘Ì: a{d:
^mñH$a:
A‘a: {d~wY: {XZH$a: MÊS>m§ew:
^mñdmZ²
Xod: gwa: {XdmH$a:

à^w: ^JdmZ² gy¶©:

^JdmZ² lr‘mZ² dV²/‘V² à˶¶: ñdm{‘Ëd§ Xe©¶{V &
^mñdmZ² ep³V‘mZ² EVo dV²/‘V² à˶¶mÝVm: &
[dÚmdmZ² ~w{Õ‘mZ²
JwUdmZ² Am¶wî‘mZ²
kmZdmZ² hZw‘mZ²
H$bmdmZ² H$s{V©‘mZ²

"dV²'- à˶¶mÝVm: "‘V²'- à˶¶mÝVm:

EVmZ² ì¶ÄOZmÝVmZ² AdJÀN>V & AÜdm
(AÜdZ²)
{ea:
({eag²)

ì¶mo‘ njr
(ì¶mo‘Z²) (n{jZ²)

~«÷m {h‘dmZ²
(~«÷Z²) ({h‘dV²)

19

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 1

AÝV‘² nw§{b“‘² ór{b“‘² Znw§gH${b“‘²

gH$mamÝVm: MÝБg² Aßgag² n¶g²
VH$mamÝVm:
dV²/‘V²-à˶¶mÝVm: ‘éV² V{S>V² OJV²
BÞÝVm: }^JdV²/lr‘V² B© à˶¶§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm ZXr-eãXdV² ê$nm{U & OJV² - eãXdV²
AÞÝVm: e{eZ² ¶Wm ^JdVr, lr‘Vr, e{eZr, ¶mo{JZr ^m[dZ²
MH$mamÝVm:
OH$mamÝVm: amOZ²/AmË‘Z² - Zm‘Z²/dË‘©Z²
eH$mamÝVm:
n¶mo‘wM² dmM² -

d{UO² òO² -

- {Xe² -

^JdV² - dV²à˶¶mÝV§ {deofU§ nw§{b“‘² & lr‘V² - ‘V²à˶¶mÝV§ {deofU§ nw§{b“‘² &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

^JdmZ² ^JdÝVm¡ ^JdÝV: àW‘m lr‘mZ² lr‘ÝVm¡ lr‘ÝV:

^JdÝV‘² ^JdÝVm¡ ^JdV: {ÛVr¶m lr‘ÝV‘² lr‘ÝVm¡ lr‘V:

^JdVm ^JdX²ä¶m‘² ^Jd{Ø>: V¥Vr¶m lr‘Vm lr‘X²ä¶m‘² lr‘{Ø:

^JdVo ^JdX²ä¶m‘² ^JdX²ä¶: MVwWu lr‘Vo lr‘X²ä¶m‘² lr‘X²ä¶:

^JdV: ^JdX²ä¶m‘² ^JdX²ä¶: n#m‘r lr‘V: lr‘X²ä¶m‘² lr‘X²ä¶:

^JdV: ^JdVmo: ^JdVm‘² fð>r lr‘V: lr‘Vmo: lr‘Vm‘²

^Jd{V ^JdVmo: ^JdËgw gá‘r lr‘{V lr‘Vmo: lr‘Ëgw

ho ^JdZ² ho ^JdÝVm¡ ho ^JdÝV: gå~moYZ‘² ho lr‘Z² ho lr‘ÝVm¡ ho lr‘ÝV:

^JdV² Bd Aݶo eãXm:- j‘mdV², {h‘dV², ~bdV², X¶mdV², hZw‘V², ~w{Õ‘V², ep³V‘V² BË`mX`: &

JVdV², n{R>VdV², Ñï>dV², ZrVdV² B˶mXr{Z H$V©[a ^y.Ym. {deofUm{Z "^JdV²' eãXdV² ànÚÝVo &

x e{eZ² = ee-BZ² (BZ² à˶¶: ñdm{‘Ëd§ Xe©¶{V) "ee:' Zm‘ eeH$: & ee: ¶ñ¶ (A‘o$) ApñV g: eer &

e{eZ² - BÞÝV§ {deofU§ nw§{b“_² & ^m{dZ² - BÞÝV§ {deofU§ Znw§gH${b“_² &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

eer e{eZm¡ e{eZ: àW‘m ^m{d ^m{dZr ^mdr{Z

e{eZ‘² e{eZm¡ e{eZ: {ÛVr¶m ^m{d ^m{dZr ^mdr{Z

e{eZm e{eä¶m‘² e{e{^: V¥Vr¶m ^m{dZm ^m{dä¶m‘² ^m{d{^:

e{eZo e{eä¶m‘² e{eä¶: MVwWu ^m{dZo ^m{dä¶m‘² ^m{dä¶:

e{eZ: e{eä¶m‘² e{eä¶: n#m‘r ^m{dZ: ^m{dä¶m‘² ^m{dä¶:

e{eZ: e{eZmo: e{eZm‘² fð>r ^m{dZ: ^m{dZmo: ^m{dZm‘²

e{e{Z e{eZmo: e{efw gá‘r ^m{d{Z ^m{dZmo: ^m{dfw

ho e{eZ² ho e{eZm¡ ho e{eZ: gå~moYZ‘² ho ^m{dZ²/ ho ^m{dZr ho ^mdr{Z

^m{d

e{eZ² Bd Aݶo eãXm:- ñdm{‘Z², àm{UZ², {dÚm{W©Z², em{IZ², ¶mo{JZ², g§Ý¶m{gZ², dm{OZ², lo{ð>Z² BË`mX`: &

20

MÝÐ: e{eZ²

MÝÐ: JJZo dV©Vo & amÌm¡ d¶§ MÝЧ ní¶m‘: & ¶Wm- eer JJZo dV©Vo & amÌm¡ d¶§ ní¶m‘: &
MÝÐoU Ed {Zem¶m: emo^m dY©Vo & Ed {Zem¶m: emo^m dY©Vo &
MÝÐm¶ gd} ñn¥h¶pÝV & gd} ñn¥h¶pÝV &
MÝÐmV² ‘mZdm: àH$me§ b^ÝVo & ‘mZdm: àH$me§ b^ÝVo &
gwYm§ew: eem‘:, MÝБm: B˶oVm{Z
gwYm§ew: eem‘:, MÝБm: B˶oVm{Z
MÝÐñ¶ Aݶm{Z Zm‘m{Z & Aݶm{Z Zm‘m{Z &
MÝÐo H$b‘m: A{n gpÝV & H$b‘m: A{n gpÝV &
ho MÝÐ, ‘ø§ ‘Z:gm‘϶ª ¶ÀN> &
ho , ‘ø§ ‘Z:gm‘϶ª ¶ÀN> &

AmË‘Z² - AÞÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ & amOZ² - AÞÝV§ n§w{b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
AmË‘m AmË‘mZm¡ AmË‘mZ: àW‘m
AmË‘mZ‘² AmË‘mZm¡ AmË‘Z: {ÛVr¶m amOm amOmZm¡ amOmZ:
AmË‘Zm AmË‘ä¶m‘² AmË‘{^: V¥Vr¶m
AmË‘Zo AmË‘ä¶m‘² AmË‘ä¶: MVwWu amOmZ‘² amOmZm¡ amk:
AmË‘Z: AmË‘ä¶m‘² AmË‘ä¶: n#m‘r
AmË‘Z: AmË‘Zmo: AmË‘Zm‘² fð>r amkm amOä¶m‘² amO{^:
AmË‘{Z AmË‘Zmo: AmË‘gw gá‘r
ho AmË‘Z² ho AmË‘mZm¡ ho AmË‘mZ: gå~moYZ‘² amko amOä¶m‘² amOä¶:

amk: amOä¶m‘² amOä¶:

amk: amkmo: amkm‘²

am{k, amO{Z amkmo: amOgw

ho amOZ² ho amOmZm¡ ho amOmZ:

OÝ‘Z² - AÞÝV§ Znw§gH${b“§ Zm‘ & Zm‘Z² - AÞÝV§ Zn§wgH${b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²

OÝ‘ OÝ‘Zr OÝ‘m{Z àW‘m Zm‘ Zm‘Zr-ZmåZr Zm‘m{Z

OÝ‘ OÝ‘Zr OÝ‘m{Z {ÛVr¶m Zm‘ Zm‘Zr-ZmåZr Zm‘m{Z

OÝ‘Zm OÝ‘ä¶m‘² OÝ‘{^: V¥Vr¶m ZmåZm Zm‘ä¶m‘² Zm‘{^:

OÝ‘Zo OÝ‘ä¶m‘² OÝ‘ä¶: MVwWu ZmåZo Zm‘ä¶m‘² Zm‘ä¶:

OÝ‘Z: OÝ‘ä¶m‘² OÝ‘ä¶: n#m‘r ZmåZ: Zm‘ä¶m‘² Zm‘ä¶:

OÝ‘Z: OÝ‘Zmo: OÝ‘Zm‘² fð>r ZmåZ: ZmåZmo: ZmåZm‘²

OÝ‘{Z OÝ‘Zmo: OÝ‘gw gá‘r ZmpåZ/Zm‘{Z ZmåZmo: Zm‘gw

ho OÝ‘ ho OÝ‘Zr ho OÝ‘m{Z gå~moYZ‘² ho Zm‘Z²/ ho Zm‘Zr/ ho Zm‘m{Z

Zm‘ ZmåZr

"AmË‘Z²'- AZwgma‘² - ‘hmË‘Z², AÜdZ², ¶ÁdZ², ~«÷Z², Aí‘Z² B˶mXr{Z &
"amOZ²' - AZwgma‘² - J«mdZ², ‘yY©Z², ‘{h‘Z², J[a‘Z², b{K‘Z², gr‘Z² (ór.), ào‘Z² B˶mXr{Z &
"OÝ‘Z²' - AZwgma‘² - H$‘©Z², dË‘©Z², ^ñ‘Z², ~«÷Z², gÙZ² B˶mXr{Z &
"Zm‘Z²' - AZwgma‘² - ho‘Z², ì¶mo‘Z², ào‘Z², gm‘Z², Xm‘Z², Ym‘Z², bmo‘Z² B˶mXr{Z &
* ~«÷Z² VWm ào‘Z² - nw§{b“o Znw§gH${b“o M dV}Vo &

21

dmM² - MH$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ & {Xe² - eH$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V: EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
dmH²$/dmJ² dmMm¡ dmM: àW‘m
{ÛVr¶m {XH²$/{XJ² {Xem¡ {Xe:
dmM‘² dmMm¡ dmM: V¥Vr¶m
dmMm dm½ä¶m‘² dmp½^: MVwWu {Xe‘² {Xem¡ {Xe:
dmMo dm½ä¶m‘² dm½ä¶: n#m‘r
dmM: dm½ä¶m‘² dm½ä¶: fð>r {Xem {X½ä¶m‘² {Xp½^:
dmM: dmMmo: dmMm‘² gá‘r
dm{M dmMmo: dmjw gå~moYZ‘² {Xeo {X½ä¶m‘² {X½ä¶:
ho dmH²$/dmJ² ho dmMm¡ ho dmM:
{Xe: {X½ä¶m‘² {X½ä¶:

{Xe: {Xemo: {Xem‘²

{X{e {Xemo: {Xjw

ho {XH²$/{XJ² ho {Xem¡ ho {Xe:

"dmM²' eãXdV²- ËdM² (ór.), n¶mo‘wM² (nw§.) BË`mX`: & "{Xe²' eãXdV²- Ñe² BË`mX`: &

d{UO² - OH$mamÝV§ nw§{b“§ Zm‘ & òO² - OH$mamÝV§ ór{b“§ Zm‘ &
EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^{³V:
d{UH²$/J² d{UOm¡ d{UO: àW‘m EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
d{UO‘² d{UOm¡ d{UO: {ÛVr¶m
d{UOm d{U½ä¶m‘² d{Up½^: V¥Vr¶m òH²$/J² òOm¡ òO:
d{UOo d{U½ä¶m‘² d{U½ä¶: MVwWu
d{UO: d{U½ä¶m‘² d{U½ä¶: n#m‘r òO‘² òOm¡ òO:
d{UO: d{UOmo: d{UOm‘² fð>r
d{U{O d{UOmo: d{Ujw gá‘r òOm ò½ä¶m‘² g«p½^:
ho d{UH²$/J² ho d{UOm¡ ho d{UO: gå~moYZ‘²
òOo ò½ä¶m‘² ò½ä¶:
"d{UO²' eãXdV² - F$pËdO², {^fO² BË`mX`: &
òO: ò½ä¶m‘² ò½ä¶:

òO: òOmo: òOm‘²

ò{O òOmo: òjw

ho òH²$/J² ho òOm¡ ho òO:

1) ñVå^nyaU§ Hw$éV & {O{kOmgkmmngÌm‘n² Ì‘²

* ñdamÝV‘² ì¶ÄOZmÝV‘²
{MÌ‘² àm{Vn{XH$‘² àW‘m E.d. àm{Vn{XH$‘² àW‘m E.d.
1. amOZ², ^y^¥V²,
Z¥n
ú‘m^¥V²,
‘hr{jV²

2. ObX n¶mo‘wM²

22

2) MVwW©nX§ {bIV & Am) Ob - ObmV² :: n¶g² - &
A) dmUr - dmʶm :: dmM² - & B©) ZXr - ZXrZm‘² :: g[aV² - &
B) àmk - àmkmZ² :: Yr‘V² -
A) Jrdm©UdmUr Xod^mfm &
3) dm³¶mW©‘obZ§ Hw$éV & Am) {dœ§ ^JdVm g¥ï>‘² &
A) ^y^¥V² n¥{Wdt aj{V &
Am) ì¶mopåZ {dhm¶g: {dhapÝV & B) AmH$meo IJm: CS>²S>¶ÝVo &
B) g§ñH¥$VdmJ²$ {d~wY^maVr & B©) Jmo{dÝXñ¶ ‘ypÜZ© {H$arQ>§ {damOVo &
B©) lrH¥$îUñ¶ ‘ñVHo$ ‘wHw$Q>§ ^m{V & C) amOm ‘o{XZt à{Vnmb`{V &
C) OJV² B©œaoU {Z{‘©V‘² &

4) Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

EH$dMZ‘² {ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘² {d^p³V:
1. ho‘ / àW‘m
2. ¶mo{Jfw {ÛVr¶m
3. {dÚmdÝVm¡ hZw‘ÝV: V¥Vr¶m
4. Ëd½ä¶m‘² Am) VmaH$m: MVwWu
5. {^fO: ~«÷ä¶m‘² (nw§.) B©) ‘‘ {‘Ìñ¶ n#m‘r
6. J«mìU: fð>r
7. gá‘r
8. gå~moYZ‘²

5) ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ ¶moO¶V & emo^ÝVo & (ì¶mo‘Z²)
Zgra: & (Zm‘Z²)
A) grVm aËZhma§ ¶ÀN>{V & (hZw‘V²)

B) àOmnmbZ§ H$V©ì¶‘² & (amOZ²)

C) ho , qH$ H$adm{U ? (ñdm{‘Z²)

nR>V-~moYV-H$ÊR>ñWrHw$éV &
H$maH$m{U

1H$Vm© 2H$‘© M 3H$aU§ 4gåàXmZ§ VW¡d M &

5AnmXmZ-6A{YH$aU{‘˶mhþ: H$maH$m{U fQ²> &&

eãXmZwH«$‘{UH$m
1am‘mo 2h[a: 3H$ar 4^y^¥X² 5^mZw: 6H$Vm© M 7MÝБm: &

8VpñWdmZ² 9^JdmZ² 10AmË‘m Xe¡Vo nw§{g Zm¶H$m: &&
1a‘m 2é{Ma² 3ZXr 4YoZwa² 5dmJ² 6Yr: 7g[aX²-AZÝVa‘² &

8jwV² 9àmd¥Q²> M 10eaƒ¡d Xe¡Vo órfw Zm¶H$m: &&
1kmZ§ 2X{Y 3n¶mo 4d‘© 5YZwa² 6dm[a 7OJV² VWm &

8‘Yw 9Zm‘ 10‘Zmohm[a Xe¡Vo Vw Znw§gHo$ &&

23

nR>V-~moYV

g§ñH¥$V{XZg‘mamoh:

1969 V: lmdUnm¡{U©‘m-{XZ§ g§ñH¥$V{XZê$noU gånyU©^maVo AmM¶©Vo & 2000 V‘df©V: g§ñH¥$VmZwam{JU:
g§ñH¥$Vgámhñ¶ Amaå^‘² AHw$d©Z² & V{Þ{‘Îm§ lmdUnm¡{U©‘m¶m: nydª {XZ̶‘² AZÝVa§ {XZ̶§ M g§ñH¥$Vñ¶
{d{dYH$m¶©H«$‘mUm‘² Am¶moOZ§ ^d{V & lmdUnm¡{U©‘m¶m§ g§ñH¥$V{XZñ¶ AmMaU§ ^d{V &

g§ñH¥$Vgámh-H$m¶©H«$‘m: &
{XZ‘² $H$m¶©H«$‘m: &
01 àW‘§ {XZ‘² & {d{dYm: ñnYm©: - gw^m{fV-H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² /JrVm-H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² / Aï>H$-

H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² / {MÌdU©Z‘² / {Z~ÝYboIZ‘² / ñVmoÌ-H$ÊR>ñWrH$aU‘² &
02 {ÛVr¶§ {XZ‘² & H«$sS>m: - gL²>»¶mH«$sS>m:, ^mfmH«$sS>m:, ñ‘aUH«$sS>m: &
03 V¥Vr¶§ {XZ‘² & ZmQ>ç-àñVwVrH$aU‘² &
04 MVwWª {XZ‘² & H$WmH$WZ‘² &
05 n#m‘§ {XZ‘² & JrVJm¶Z‘² - d¡¶{³VH§$ gm‘y{hH§$ M &
06 fð>§ {XZ‘² & g§ñH¥$VJrVmYmaoU Z¥Ë¶‘² &
07 gᑧ {XZ‘² & àXe©Zr VWm g‘mnZ-H$m¶©H«$‘m: &

g§ñH¥$V{XZd¥Îm‘² &

g§ñH¥$VoZ ‘mZdOrdZ§ g’$b§ ^d{V & - lr‘mZ² Aܶj: &

gm“br - ({V{W: - lmdUnm¡{U©‘m) g§ñH¥$VJrVmYmaoU Z¥Ë¶m{Z àñVwVdÝV: & VW¡d
"gañdVr {dÚm‘pÝXa‘²' B{V H$m{bXmg-^mg-AmXrZm§ ZmQ>H$m{Z N>mÌ¡:
A{^ZrVm{Z &
àembm¶m§ g§ñH¥$V{XZ{Z{‘Îm‘² Am¶mo{OV:
g§ñH¥$Vgámhg‘mamoh: gånÞ: & H$m¶©H«$‘ñ¶ A{V{Wd¶}U ^mfUo g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m:
àmaå^: XrnàÁdmbZoZ VWm à{V‘mnyOZoZ Eo{Vhm{gH§$, d¡km{ZH§$, gm{hp˶H§$ ‘y붧 M
gÄOmV: & Apñ‘Z² g‘¶o g§ñH¥$VoZ à{Vnm{XV‘² & H$m¶©H«$‘ñ¶ Aܶj‘hmoX¶oZ
gañdVrñVdZ§ ñdmJVJrV§ M N>mÌ¡: JrV‘² & "d¡Xo{eH$mZm§ g§ñH¥$V{Okmgm' B{V {df¶‘²
A{YH¥$˶ ^mfU§ $$H¥$V‘² &
àembm¶m: ‘w»¶mܶm{nH$¶m àmñVm{dH§$
H¥$V‘² & V¶m g§ñH¥$Vgámhñ¶ ‘hÎd§ H$W{¶Ëdm Xe‘rH$jm¶m: N>mÌ: gd}ä¶: YݶdmXmZ²
H$m¶©H«$‘ofw gh^m{JZm§ N>mÌmUm‘² A{^ZÝXZ§ ì¶mhaV² & H$m¶©H«$‘ñ¶ gyÌg#mmbZ§ N>mÌ¡: Ed
H¥$V‘² & g§ñH¥$Vgámh‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ N>mÌmUm§ g§ñH¥$VoZ H¥$V‘² & "à{V{XZ‘² EH§$ gw^m{fV§
nmbH$mZm§ M H¥$Vo g§ñH¥$Vgå^mfU{e{~a‘² H$ÊR>ñW§ H$amo{‘' B{V N>mÌ¡: g‘pënV‘² &
Am¶mo{OV‘² & g§ñH¥$Vmܶm{nH$¶m Vñ¶ d¥ÎmmÝV: "àdhVmV² g§ñH¥$V‘ÝXm{H$Zr' B{V JrVoZ
{Zdo{XV: & à‘wIm{V{W: g§ñH¥$VdñVwàX{e©Ý¶m: g‘mnZ‘² A^dV² &
CX²KmQ>Z§ H¥$VdmZ² & Apñ‘Þdgao N>mÌm:

CnH«$‘: - Apñ‘Z² df} ¶wî‘mH§$ {dÚmb¶o g§ñH¥$V{XZg‘mamoh: H$W‘² AmMaUr¶: B{V {df¶o {ejHo$U
gh MMmª Hw$éV &

24

MVwW©: nmR>: A‘y붧 H$‘b‘² &

•$$YZmV² _hÎma§ qH$ qH$ ^maVXeo : lðo >mZm§ VÎd{MÝVH$mZm§ Xeo : B{V gd} OmZpÝV & Vfo w AݶV‘:
JmV¡ ‘~Õw : & _m`mXìo `m: eÕw mYo Zñ` M nÌw : {gÕmW:© Vngm JmV¡ ‘~Õw : ~^dy  & ~mÕ¡ Y‘ñ© ¶
{dÚVo ?
àdV©H$mo@¶§ empÝVgÝXoe§ gd©Ì àgma¶m‘mg& Vñ¶ OrdZo K{Q>Vm Efm KQ>Zm &
• Jm¡V‘~wÕ{df¶o ¶y¶§ H$m:

H$Wm: OmZrW ?

AmgrV² gwXmgmo Zm‘ H${üXþÚmZnmb: & Vñ¶ VS>mJo H$Xm{MV² g˶{n {e{ea-F$VmdoH§$ nÙ§ ì¶H$gV²,
ì¶moåZrd ~mbgy¶©{~å~‘² & gmo@{MÝV¶V², "Ahmo ‘{h‘m na‘mË‘Z:, ¶XoVmÑeo H$mbo@{VerVo {d^y{fVmo ‘o VS>mJ
EVñ¶ ga{gOñ¶ {dH$mgoZ & EVV² ga{gO§ {dH«$s¶mh§ {dnwb§ YZ§ àmßZw¶m‘²' B{V & Ed§ g{#mÝ˶ g VX² {dH«o$Vw§
amOgÙZ: nwaV: pñWV: & AÌmÝVao VoZ¡d AÜdZm H${üV² lr‘mZ² gmW©dmh: g‘m¶mV: & gmo@dXV², "^Ð,
^JdmZ² gwJV: gåà˶oVpñ‘ÞJao dg{V & ‘hmË‘Z: Vñ¶ nyOmW©{‘X§ H$‘b‘ä¶W©¶o & VpËH$¶Vm ‘yë¶oZ XXm{g?'
CÚmZnmbmo@~«drV², "EHo$Z gwdU©ZmUHo$Z' & AW g gmW©dmh: ¶mdÎmV² H$‘b§ H«o$Vw{‘ÀN>{V, VmdXodmnamo
YZdmZ² loð>r A{n gwJVXe©ZmWª JÀN>Z² VÌ g‘wnpñWV: & ZraO‘y붧 n¥ÀN>ÝV§ V§ lo{ð>Z‘² CÚmZnmbmo@~«yV
"Ef ‘hm^mJ EH§$ gwdU©ZmUH$‘² EVñ¶mW} XmVw{‘ÀN>{V' & loð>r AJXV², "Ah§ Xe gwdU©ZmUH$m{Z ¶ÀN>m{‘' &
gmW©dmhmo@^UV², "Ah§ eV§ gwdU©ZmUH$m{Z à¶ÀN>m{‘' & V¶mo{d©dmX§ lwËdm gwXmgmo 춑¥eV² "¶ñ¶ H¥$Vo EVm¡
H$‘b‘oVV² H«o$Vw{‘ÀN>V:, ZyZ§ g gwJV Edm{YH$V‘§ ‘y붧 ‘ø§ XÚmV²' B{V & AV: g CÚmZnmbñVmd^mfV
"Z¡VX² ^mo {dH«o$Vw{‘ÀN>m{‘' B{V &

AW àmá: gwXmgñVXþÚmZ§, ¶Ì ^JdV: gwJVñ¶ {Zdmg: & VÌ dQ>d¥jñ¶mYñVmXoH$pñ‘Þí‘IÊS>o
g‘wn{dï> AmgrËg ‘hmË‘m & AZënoZ YmåZm amOVo ñ‘ Vñ¶ ^JdVmo dXZ‘² & VXmbmoH$¶V: gwXmgñ¶ {MÎmo
^{³VagmU©d CX{Vð>V² & g hñVñW§ ZraO§ ^JdV: gwJVñ¶ MaU¶moa¿¶ª H¥$Ëdm "Z‘mo ^JdVo' B{V dXZ²
g{dZ¶§ àmU‘V² &

25

V§ àgmXd{f©ä¶m§ bmoMZmä¶m§ {Zê$n¶Z² ñ‘¶‘mZ‘wInÙmo ^JdmZ² A^mfV, ""dËg, {H${‘ÀN>{g?'' B{V &
Ed‘² C³Vd{V gwJVo {Z[aÀN>: gwXmg: à˶dXV², ""^JdZ² {H$‘ݶV²? Ho$db§ ^JdV: MaUH$‘bñne}Z
AmË‘m ‘o H¥$VmW©Vm§ b^Vm‘²'' B{V &

Ed§dm{XZ§ gwXmg§ "VWmñVw' B˶~«drX² ^JdmZ² gwJV: & Ahmo à^md: gwJVñ¶, ¶Îmñ¶ Xe©Z‘mÌoU¡d
H$‘bmWª ~hþ‘y붑noj‘mU: gwXmgñV{Ûñ‘¥Ë¶ gwJVMaUmä¶m§ VËH$‘b§ g‘{n©VdmZ² &

Ef gwJV: Ed ZZw ^JdmZ² Jm¡V‘~wÕ: &

^mfmä¶mg:

1. nyU©dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

A) gwXmg: H$: AmgrV²? Am) nÙ§ H$Xm ì¶H$gV²?

B) nÙ§ H$sÑe‘²? B©) nÙ§ {dH«o$Vw§ gwXmg: Hw$Ì pñWV:?

C) loð>r H$‘bmWª {H$¶V² ‘y붧 XmVw‘² BÀN>{V? D$) ‘hmË‘m Hw$Ì Cn{dï>: AmgrV²?

2. $‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &

A) gwXmg: {H$‘Wª H$‘b§ {dH«o$Vw§ Z BÀN>{V? Am)gwXmg: gwJVMaUmä¶m§ H$‘b§ {H$‘Wª g‘{n©VdmZ²?

3. $H$: H§$ dX{V?

A) "^Ð, ^JdmZ² gwJV: gåà˶oVpñ‘ÞJao dg{V &' Am) "Ah§ Xe gwdU©ZmUH$m{Z ¶ÀN>m{‘ &'

B) "Ef ‘hm^mJ: EH§$ gwdU©ZmUH$‘² EVñ¶mW} XmVw{‘ÀN>{V &' B©) "dËg, {H${‘ÀN>{g?'

C) "Z‘mo ^JdVo &'

4. àý{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV &

A) gwJV Edm{YH$V‘§ ‘y붧 ‘ø§ XÚmV² & Am) ^JdVmo dXZ§ YmåZm amOVo ñ‘ &

5. g{ÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & (A) H${üXþÚmZnmb: (Am) MaU¶moa¿¶©‘² (B) gmo@dXV² (B©) B˶~«drV² &

6. g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & VS>mJ:, ZraO‘², gmW©dmh:, AU©d:, YZdmZ² &

7. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & {dnwb‘², ~hþ‘y붑², H«o$Vw‘² &

8. ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & 10. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV &

{deofU‘² {deo² A) V¶mo: {ddmX§ lwËdm gwXmgmo 춑¥eV² &
(nyd©H$mbdmMH$-ËdmÝV-A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V &)
{dnwb‘² loð>r
lr‘mZ² YmåZm Am) Ëd§ {H$‘² BÀN>{g ?
AZënoZ bmoMZmä¶m‘² ("Ëd‘²' B˶ñ¶ ñWmZo "^dmZ²' B{V ¶moO¶V &)
{Z[aÀN>: gmW©dmh:
YZdmZ² YZ‘² B) ‘o AmË‘m H¥$VmW©Vm§ b^Vm‘² &
A{YH$V‘‘² gwXmg: (bL²>bH$mao dm³¶§ n[adV©¶V &)
àgmXd{f©ä¶m‘² ZraO‘²
hñVñW‘² ‘y붑² B©) {e{ea-F$Vm¡ nÙ§ ì¶H$gV² &(~hþdMZo {bIV&)

C) gwXmg: gwJVMaUmä¶m§ H$‘b§ g‘{n©VdmZ² &
(dmÀ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &)

D$) Ah§ {dnwb§ YZ§ àmßZw`m_² & (bH$ma§ {bIV &)

9. A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
A) ZyZ§ g: gwJV: Ed A{YH$V‘§ ‘y붧 XÚmV² &
Am) VS>mJo {e{ea-F$Vm¡ EH§$ nÙ§ ì¶H$gV² &
B) {dnwb§ YZ§ àmßZw¶m‘² &

26

n#m‘: nmR>: g Ed na‘mUw: &

{dœñ¶ CËn{Îm{df¶o Z¡Ho$ {gÕmÝVm: à{Vnm{XVm: & Z¡Ho$ àmMrZm: x {H$§ ¶y¶§ "{~J ~°“'
{gÕmÝVm: H$mbdeVm§ JVm: Z¡Ho$ ZyVZm: M d¡km{ZH¡$: ñdrH¥$Vm: & 'Atom' {gÕmÝV{df¶o OmZrW?
B{V eãX: gd}fm§ gwn[a{MV: Ed & AmYw{ZH${dkmZemñÌo 'Atom' B{V
‘ybH$maU§ Ðì¶ñ¶ & g Ed 'Element' B{V ‘ݶVo & àmMrZemñÌo Vw x {dkmZ-Aä¶mgH«$‘o ¶wî‘m{^:
"na‘mUw:' {Z{‘©Vo: ‘ybH$maU‘² B{V H${WV‘² & na‘mUmo: d¡{eîQ>çm{Z 'Atom' {df¶o qH$ qH$
‘h{f©Um H$UmX‘hmoX¶oZ d¡eo{fH$Xe©Zo H${WVm{Z & Apñ‘Z² {df¶o A{YH§$ n{R>V‘²?
g§emoYZ§ e³¶‘² &

(AU©d: OnmHw$gw‘§ J¥hrËdm à{de{V & Vñ¶ {nVm {dkmZñ¶ àmܶmnH$: & g: nwñVH$nR>Zo ‘¾: &
Vñ¶ nmíd} CËnr{R>H$m¶m§ gyú‘o{jH$m dV©Vo &)

AU©d: - {nV:, Añ‘mH$‘² CÚmZmX² OnmHw$gw‘‘² AmZrV§ ‘¶m & {H$¶ÝV: gyú‘m: Vñ¶ namJH$Um: !
{nVm - gyú‘o{jH$¶m ní¶, Vofm§ H$UmZm§ aMZm‘² A{n Ðïw>§ e³Zmo{f ! (AU©d: VWm H$amo{V &)
{nVm - qH$ Ñï>§ Ëd¶m?
AU©d: - {nV:, AX²^wV‘² EVV² & AÌ namJH$Uñ¶ gyú‘m{U

A“m{Z Ñí¶ÝVo &
{nVm - AU©d, EVm{Z nwînñ¶ A“m{Z Ëd§ gyú‘o{jH$¶m Ðïw>§

e³Zmo{f & naÝVw EVX² {dœ§ na‘mUwä¶: {Z{‘©V‘²& Vo
na‘mUd: Vw gyú‘o{jH$¶m A{n Z Ñí¶ÝVo &
AU©d: - na‘mUw: Zm‘ {H$‘²?
{nVm - AñVw & H$W`m{_ & ‘w{ï>‘mÌmZ² VÊSw>bmZ² ‘hmZgV:
AmZ¶ &
AU©d: - (VWo{V C³Ëdm nmH$J¥hmV² VÊSw>bmZ² AmZ¶{V &)
ñdrH$amoVw, ^dmZ² &
{nVm - AYwZm B‘§ VÊSw>b§ {d^O &
AU©d: - VmV, {H$¶mZ² bKw: ApñV Ef: & ní¶Vw, EVñ¶ ^mJÛ¶§ ¶WmH$W‘{n H¥$V§ ‘¶m &
{nVm - BVmo@{n bKwVa: ^mJ: H$Vwª e³¶Vo dm?
AU©d: - ¶{X {H«$¶Vo V{h© MyUª ^doV² Vñ¶ &
{nVm - gå¶J²$ C³V§ Ëd¶m & ¶Ì EVX² {d^mOZ§ g‘m߶Vo, ¶ñ‘mV² gyú‘Va: ^mJ: àmáw§ Z e³¶Vo g:
Ed na‘: AUw: &
AU©d: - Ðì¶ñ¶ ApÝV‘: KQ>H$: ‘yb§ VÎd§ M na‘mUw:, g˶§ Ibw?
{nVm - g˶‘² & A¶§ Ibw H$UmX‘hf}: {gÕmÝV: & A{n OmZm{g? na‘mUw: Ðì¶ñ¶ ‘ybH$maU‘² B{V
VoZ ‘h{f©Um à{Vnm{XV‘² & VX{n àm¶: {¼ñVnydª n#m‘o fð>o dm eVHo$ &
AU©d: - VmV, ‘h{f©Um H$UmXoZ qH$ {H$‘² C³V§ na‘mUw{df¶o ? d¶§ Vw Ho$db§ Vñ¶ ‘hm^mJñ¶ Zm‘Yo¶‘²
Ed OmZr‘: &
{nVm - H$UmX‘w{ZZm à{Vnm{XV‘² - na‘mUw: AVrpÝж:, gyú‘:, {Zad¶d:, {Z˶:, ñd¶§ ì¶mdV©H$:
M & "d¡eo{fH$gyÌm{U' B{V ñdJ«ÝWo VoZ na‘mUmo: ì¶m»¶m H¥$Vm &

27

AU©d: - H$m gm ì¶m»¶m?
{nVm - Ombgy¶©‘ar{MñW§ ¶V² gyú‘§ Ñí¶Vo aO: &

Vñ¶ fð>V‘mo ^mJ: na‘mUw: g CÀ¶Vo &&
AU©d: - Ah‘² EVX²{df¶o {dñVaoU n{R>Vw‘² BÀN>m{‘ &
{nVm - CÎm_‘²! œ: ‘‘ ‘hm{dÚmb¶‘² AmJÀN> & VÌ

H$UmX{df¶H$m{U Z¡H$m{Z nwñVH$m{Z gpÝV & Vd
{Okmgm {Zü¶oZ emå¶oV² &

^mfmä¶mg:

1. nyU©dmŠ¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

A) AU©d: nmH$J¥hmV² {H$‘² AmZ¶{V? Am) H$: na‘mUw:?

B) na‘mUw{gÕmÝV: Ho$Z ‘h{f©Um H${WV:? B©) ‘h{f©Um H$UmXoZ na‘mUw{df¶o qH$ à{Vnm{XV‘² ?

C) ‘hf}: H$UmXñ¶ ‘VmZwgma§ na‘mUmo: ì¶m»¶m H$m?

2. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV &

A) AU©d: OnmHw$gw‘§ J¥hrËdm à{de{V & (nyd©H$mbdmMH$‘² A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V &)

Am) qH$ Ñï>§ Ëd¶m? (dmÀ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &)

B) d¶§ Vw Ho$db§ Vñ¶ ‘hm^mJñ¶ Zm‘Yo¶§ OmZr‘: & (dm³¶‘² EH$dMZo n[adV©¶V &)

B©) Ah§ {dñVaoU n{R>Vw‘² BÀN>m{‘ & (dm³¶§ bL²>bH$mao n[adV©¶V &)

C) ‘hm{dÚmb¶o H$UmX{df¶H$m{U nwñVH$m{Z gpÝV & (dm³¶‘² EH$dMZo n[adV©¶V &)

D$) ^dmZ² ñdrH$amoVw & ("^dmZ²' ñWmZo "Ëd§' ¶moO¶V &)

E) Ëd§ Ðïw>§ e³Zmo{f & ("Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²' ¶moO¶V &)

E¡) ‘h{f©Um na_mUmo: ì`m»`m H¥$Vm & (dmÀ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &)

Amo) d¶§ ‘hm^mJñ¶ Zm‘Yo¶§ OmZr‘: & (dmÀ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &)

Am¡) gå¶J² C³V§ Ëd¶m & (dmÀ¶n[adV©Z§ Hw$éV &)

3. $ OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V 4. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV &
ñd¶§ ì¶mdV©H$: A) ‘h{f©: H$UmX: na‘mUw{df¶o qH$ à{Vnm{XVdmZ² ?

Am) "VÊSw>bmZ² AmZ¶' B{V {nVm AU©d§ {H$‘W©‘²

Am{Xï>dmZ²?

{Z˶: 5. g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV &
Hw$gw‘‘², {dœ‘², {nVm, Zm‘Yo¶‘², gy¶©: &

6. {déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² ‘ÄOyfmV: ApÝdî¶ {bIV &
g˶‘², ApÝV‘:, A{Z˶:, bKw:, gyú‘:,

(AmÚ:, Jwé:, {Z˶:, Ag˶‘², ñWyb:)

na‘mUw:

28

7. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm dmŠ`§ nwZ{b©IV &

A) EVX² {dœ§ {Z{‘©V‘² & (VÊSw>b¡:/AUw{^:)

Am) Ðì¶ñ¶ ‘ybH$maU‘² & (na‘mUw:/{dkmZ§)

B) aOg: ^mJ: na‘mUw: & (fð>V‘:/eVV‘:)

8. Zm‘Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & {Ûd. ~.d. {d^p³V:
E.d. ~«÷ä¶m‘² dË‘m©{Z V¥Vr¶m
àW‘m
J«mìUo MVwWu

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. {d^p³V:
g§Ý¶m{g{Z ~bdV: gá‘r
ËdMmo: {ÛVr¶m
9. {H«$¶mnXVm{bH$m§ nya¶V & {Ûd. fð>r
E.d. OrdV:
~.d. nwéf: bH$ma:
‘w#mm{Z A^mfÜd‘² àW‘: bQ²>
‘ܶ‘: bL²>
CÎm‘: bmoQ²>

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: bH$ma:
ñn¥h¶oV² Yma¶oWm‘² {MÝV¶m‘h¡ àW‘: {d{Y{bL²>
‘ܶ‘:
CÎm‘: bmoQ²>
bmoQ²>

CnH«$‘: - {nVw: ‘hm{dÚmb¶§ JËdm AU©doZ H$UmX{df¶o H$m{Z H$m{Z nwñVH$m{Z Ñï>m{Z? VoZ {nÌm gh H$m
MMm© H¥$Vm? B˶ñ¶ {df¶o g§dmX§ aM¶V &

H«$sS>V-ZÝXV
dm³¶{Z‘m©U‘²

~mbmZm§ n#m fQ²> dm JUm: H$aUr¶m: & gd}@{n {Z{üVo ñWbo

Cn{deo¶w: & à{VJU§ Ûm¡ ̶: dm ~mbm: ^do¶w: & {ejH$: à{VJU§ H$müZ

(n#mXe) {M{Q>H$m: XÚmV² & Vmgw à˶oH§$ {M{Q>H$m¶m‘² A{n EH$: eãX:

VoZ nyd©‘od {b{IV: ^d{V & Vofw eãXofw Ho$MZ H$V¥©dmMH$m:, Ho$MZ

H$‘©dmMH$m: Aݶo Ho$MZ {H«$¶mdmMH$mü ^do¶w: & ~mb¡: Vofm§ eãXmZm‘²

Cn¶moJoZ {Z{X©ï>o H$mbmdYm¡ dm³¶m{Z aMZr¶m{Z & (gd} {‘{bËdm dm³¶m{Z

{MÝV¶o¶w:, Vofw AݶV‘: Vm{Z {bIoV² &) ¶: JU: A{YH$m{Z dm³¶m{Z

aM¶{V Vñ¶ O¶: ^d{V & à{Vdm³¶§ H$V¥©-H$‘©-{H«$¶mg{hV§ ^doV² B{V

nyd©‘od gyMZm XmVì¶m & - H«$sS>md„r-nwñVH$mV² &

29

fð>: nmR>: ¶w½‘‘mbm& (H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW‘© ²)

g§ñH¥$Vgm{h˶o eãX¶w½‘m{Z à{gÕm{Z & ¶Wm - ¶Xm-VXm, ¶mdV²-VmdV², ¶Ì-VÌ & CXm.
¶Wm amOm VWm àOm & eãX¶w½‘mZm‘² Cn¶moJoZ ûcmoH$ñ¶ dm³¶ñ¶ dm gm¡ÝX¶ª dY©Vo &

d¥Îm‘²-d§eñW‘² ¶Wm MVw{^©: H$ZH§$ narú¶Vo {ZKf©UÀN>oXZVmnVmS>Z¡:&
VWm MVw{^©: nwéf: narú¶Vo lwVoZ erboZ JwUoZ H$‘©Um&&1&& - d¥ÕMmU³¶eVH$mV²

AÝd¶: - ¶Wm H$ZH§$ {ZKf©U - N>oXZ - Vmn-VmS>Z¡: (B{V) MVw{^©: narú¶Vo, VWm nwéf: lwVoZ, erboZ,
JwUoZ, H$‘©Um (B{V) MVw{^©: narú¶Vo &

¶Ì {dÛ‚mZmo ZmpñV ûcm¿¶ñVÌmënYra{n&
d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² {ZañVnmXno Xoeo EaÊS>mo@{n Ðþ‘m¶Vo &&2&& - {hVmonXoemV²

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) ZmpñV = Z + ApñV & 2) ûcm¿¶ñVÌmënYra{n = ûcm¿¶: + VÌ + AënYr: +
A{n & 3) EaÊS>mo@{n = EaÊS>: + A{n &

AÝd¶: - ¶Ì {dÛ‚mZ: Z ApñV, VÌ AënYr: A{n ûcm¿¶: (^d{V) & (¶Wm) {ZañVnmXno Xoeo EaÊS>:
A{n Ðþ‘m¶Vo &

¶Xm {H${#mÁkmo@h§ {Ûn Bd ‘XmÝY: g‘^d§
VXm gd©kmo@ñ‘r˶^dXd{b᧠‘‘ ‘Z: &
d¥Îm‘²-{eI[aUr ¶Xm {H${#mpËH${#mX² ~wYOZgH$memXdJV§
VXm ‘yIm}@ñ‘r{V Áda Bd ‘Xmo ‘o ì¶nJV: &&3&& - Zr{VeVH$mV²
gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) {H${#mÁkmo@h‘² = {H${#mÁk: + Ah‘² & 2) gd©kmo@ñ‘r˶^dXd{bᑲ = gd©k: +
Apñ‘ + B{V + A^dV² + Ad{bᑲ & 3) {H${#mpËH${#mX² ~wYOZgH$memXdJV‘² =
{H${#mV² + {H${#mV² + ~wYOZgH$memV² + AdJV‘² & 4) ‘yIm}@ñ‘r{V = ‘yI©: + Apñ‘
+ B{V &
AÝd¶: - ¶Xm Ah§ {H${#mÁk: (VXm) (Ah§) {Ûn: Bd ‘XmÝY: g‘^d‘² & VXm ‘‘ ‘Z: "gd©k: Apñ‘'
B{V Ad{bᑲ A^dV² & ¶Xm ~wYOZgH$memV² {H${#mV² {H${#mV² AdJV‘² VXm (Ah§) ‘yI©:
Apñ‘ (B{V kmËdm) ‘o ‘X: Áda: Bd ì¶nJV: &

VmdX² ^¶m{Õ ^oV춧 ¶mdX² ^¶‘ZmJV‘²&
d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² AmJV§ Vw ^¶§ drú¶ Za: Hw$¶m©X² ¶Wmo{MV‘²&&4&& - n#mVÝÌmV²
gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) ^¶m{Õ = ^¶mV² + {h & 2) ^¶‘ZmJV‘² = ^¶‘² + AZmJV‘² &
AÝd¶: - ¶mdV² ^¶‘² AZmJV§ VmdV² {h ^¶mV² ^oV춑² & (VWm{n) AmJV§ Vw ^¶§ drú¶ Za: ¶Wmo{MV§ Hw$¶m©V² &

d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² CÎm‘mo Zm{Vd³Vm ñ¶mXY‘mo ~hw ^mfVo&
gwdU} Z Üd{ZñVmѽ¶mѸ$m§ñ¶o àOm¶Vo&&5&&

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) CÎm‘mo Zm{Vd³Vm =CÎm‘: + Z + A{Vd³Vm & 2) ñ¶mXY‘mo ~hw =ñ¶mV² + AY‘: + ~hþ &

3) Üd{ZñVmѽ¶mѸ$m§ñ¶o = Üd{Z: + VmÑH²$ + ¶mÑH²$ + H$m§ñ¶o &

AÝd¶: - CÎm‘: A{Vd³Vm Z ñ¶mV², AY‘: ~hþ ^mfVo & ¶mÑH²$ H$m§ñ¶o (Üd{Z:) àOm¶Vo VmÑH²$ gwdU}

Üd{Z: Z (àOm¶Vo) &

30

¶mÑe§ dnVo ~rO§ joÌ‘mgmÚ H$f©H$: &
d¥Îm‘²-AZwïw>n² gwH¥$Vo XþîH¥$Vo dm@{n VmÑe§ b^Vo ’$b‘² &&6&&

gpÝY{dJ«hm: - 1) joÌ‘mgmÚ = joÌ‘² + AmgmÚ & 2) dm@{n = dm + A{n &
AÝd¶: - H$f©H$: joÌ‘² AmgmÚ ¶mÑe§ ~rO§ dnVo (VmÑe§ ’$b§ b^Vo) & (VW¡d ‘Zwî¶:) gwH¥$Vo dm XþîH¥$Vo

dm A{n VmÑe§ (Bï>‘² A{Zï>§ dm) ’$b§ b^Vo &

^mfmä¶mg:

ûcmoH$: 1 ûcmoH$: 3.
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & 1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &

A) H$ZH$narjm H$W§ ^d{V? A) ‘Zwî¶: {Ûn Bd ‘XmÝY: H$Xm ^d{V?
Am) nwéfnarjm H$W§ ^d{V? Am) "‘yI©: Apñ‘' B{V ‘Zwî¶oU Hw$V: AdJV‘²?
2. OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &
A) 2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
(A) {H${#mÁkmo@h‘² (Am) A^dXd{bᑲ &
N>oX>ZoZ
3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
H$ZH$narjm H$Xm ‘X: ì¶nJÀN>{V?

Am) nwéfnarjm ûcmoH$ : 4.
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
JwUoZ
A) AmJV§ ^¶§ drú¶ Za: qH$ Hw$¶m©V²?
3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV & 2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
"¶Wm MVw{^©:' B{V íbmoH$ñ¶ ñnï>rH$aU§ {bIV &
^¶m{Õ &
4. A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & ûcmoH$: 5.
OZ¡: H$ZH§$ narú¶Vo & 1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV

ûcmoH$: 2. A) $H$: ~hþ ^mfVo?
1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
A) AënYr: Hw$Ì ûcm¿¶: ^d{V? A) ñ¶mXY‘: &
Am) EaÊS>: Hw$Ì Ðþ‘m¶Vo?
2. gpÝY-{dJ«h§ Hw$éV & ûcmoH$: 6.
A) ûcm¿¶ñVÌ Am) AënYra{n & 1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV &
3. A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
¶Ì EH$: A{n nmXn: ZmpñV VÌ EaÊS>: Ðþ‘m¶Vo & A) H$f©H$: H$rÑe§ ’$b§ b^Vo?

2. gpÝY{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
(A) joÌ‘mgmÚ (Am) dm@{n &

3. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎmaV &
‘Zwî¶: ñdH$‘©U: H$sÑe§ ’$b§ b^Vo?

4. A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
H$f©H$: ~rO§ dnVo &

31

1) g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & 5) C{MV§ eãX¶w½‘§ ¶moO¶V & (¶Ì-VÌ,
H$ZH$‘², {dÛmZ², nmXn:, AY‘: &
¶{X-V{h©, ¶Xm-VXm, ¶Wm-VWm)

2) {déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & A) AܶmnH$: Z AmJÀN>{V
JwU:, {dÛmZ², CÎm‘:, gwH¥$V‘² &
N>mÌm: ñdmܶm¶§ Hw$d©pÝV &

3) MVwW©nX§ {bIV & Am) Yy‘: d{•: &
A) ‘Z: - MoV: :: AdJV‘² -
B) AmH$meo ‘oKm: JO©pÝV

Am) ~wYOZ: - kmZr :: ‘yI©: - ‘¶ya: Z¥Ë¶{V &

B) Za: - ‘Zwî¶: :: C{MV‘² - B©) {dMma: dV©Z‘² &

B©) drú¶ - ÑîQ‰>m :: ^¶‘² - C) gy¶©: CXo{V {díd§

4) g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZm§ ‘obZ§ Hw$éV & & àH$me‘¶§ ^d{V &

gwdU©‘² loð>: D$) eH©$am {nnr{bH$m: &

CÎm‘: ì¶mᑲ E) g‚mZm: dXpÝV Hw$d©pÝV &

Ad{bᑲ eãX: Eo) ~mbH$: ì¶m¶m‘§ H$[aî¶{V

Üd{Z: ho‘ g: gwÑT>: ^{dî¶{V &

H«$sS>V-ZÝXV

nÚH«$sS>m

1. EH$: JU: gw^m{fVñ¶ EH§$ MaU§ dX{V & Ana: JU: ûcmoH$mYª nyUª H$amo{V &

2. nXJ«hU‘² - EHo$Zmo³VmV² ûcmoH$mYm©V² EH§$ nX§ ñdrH¥$˶ Ana: JU: Aݶ§ ûcmoH$mYª ûcmoH$nmX§

dm H$W¶{V &

ûcmoH$mÝ˶mjar

$H«$sS>H$mZm§ JUÛ¶§ ^doV² & AmXm¡ àW‘JUr¶ofw AݶV‘: EH§$ ûcmoH§$ dXoV² & VXm

{ÛVr¶JUr¶ofw AݶV‘: VmÑe‘² EH§$ ûcmoH§$ dXoV², ¶ñ¶ M Amaå^: AݶJUr¶oZ C³Vñ¶

ûcmoH$ñ¶ ApÝV‘oZ AjaoU ^d{V & - H«$sS>md„r-nwñVH$mV² &

32

Aä¶mgnÌ‘² 2

(4, 5, 6 nmR>mZm‘² AmYmaoU)

1. dm³¶§ nwZ{b©{IËdm g˶‘²/Ag˶‘² B{V {bIV &

A) gwXmg: ‘mbmH$ma AmgrV² &

Am) gwJV: gwXmgm¶ H$‘bmW©‘² A{YH$‘y붧 ¶ÀN>{V &

B) H$‘bñ¶ {dH$mgoZ VS>mJ: {d^y{fV: & B©) EVX² {dœ‘² AUw{^: {Z{‘©V‘² &

C) Ðì¶ñ¶ Am{X‘: KQ>H$: na‘mUw: ApñV & D$) AU©d: joÌmV² VÊSw>bmZ² AmZ¶{V &

2. C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

A) {e{ea-F$Vm¡ EH§$ ì¶H$gV² & (nÙ‘²/OnmHw$gw‘‘²)

Am) Ahmo ‘{h‘m & (na‘mË‘Z:/‘mZdñ¶)

B) nyOmW©{‘X§ H$‘b‘² & ({dH«$sUo/Aä¶W©¶o)

B©) Ah§ Xe ¶ÀN>m{‘ & (é߶H$m{U/gwdU©ZmUH$m{Z)

C) AU©d: J¥hrËdm à{de{V & (OnmHw$gw‘‘²/H$‘b‘²)

E) EVX² {dœ§ {Z{‘©V‘² & (AUw{^:/VÊSw>b¡:)

3. H«$‘oU ¶moO¶V &
A) 1. lo{ð>Z: gmW©dmhñ` M {ddmX: & 2. {e{ea-F$Vm¡ nÙñ¶ {dH$mg: &

3. gwXmg: {dH«$¶UmWª amOgÙZ: nwaV: pñWV: & 4. gwXmgñ¶ YZàmáo: BÀN>m &
Am) 1. gwXmgñ¶ gwJV{Zdmg§ à{V AmJ‘Z‘² & 2. gwXmgñ¶ gwJVXe©Z‘² &

3. gwJVñ¶ Amerdm©XàXmZ‘² & 4. gwJVXe©ZmV² ~hþ_yë`ñ` Anojm`m: {dñ_aU_² &

B) 1. {nVw: ñdñ¶ ‘hm{dÚmb¶o {Z‘ÝÌU‘² & 2. "d¡eo{fH$gyÌm{U' B{V J«ÝW{df¶o MMm© &
3. {nÌm H$UmX‘hf}: {gÕmÝV{df¶o H$WZ‘² & 4. AU©dñ¶ {dñVaoU nR>Zñ¶ BÀN>m &

4. g‘mg{dJ«h§ Hw$éV &
~mbgy¶©{~å~‘², amOgÙ, nyOmW©‘², ^p³VagmU©d:, g{dZ¶‘², nwñVH$nR>Z‘², namJH$Um:,
gyú‘H$Um:, H$UmX‘w{Z:, na‘mUw:, AënYr:, ‘XmÝY:, {H${#mÁk:, CÚmZnmb:, {e{ea-F$Vw:,
ZraO‘², Xe©ZmW©‘², ‘hmË‘m, Aí‘IÊS>:, hñVñW‘², OnmHw$gw‘‘² &

5. C{MV§ H$maU§ {MZwV &

A) gwXmg: amOgX²‘Z: nwaV: pñWV: ¶V: &

1. g: ga{gO§ {dH«o$Vw‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ & 2. g: amOmZ§ Ðïw>‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ &

Am) gmW©dmh: gwXmgm¶ eVgwdU©ZmUH$m{Z XmVw‘² CÚw³V: ¶V: &
&
1. g: gwXmgñ¶ gmhm涧 H$Vw©‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ & 2. g: gwXmgmV² H$‘b§ H«o$Vw‘² BÀN>{V ñ‘ &
&
B) gwXmg: ZraO§ gwJVMaUmä¶m§ g_{n©VdmZ² ¶V:

1.gwJV: gwXmgm¶ A{YH§$ YZ§ ¶ÀN>{V & 2. gwXmgñ¶ ‘Z{g ^p³Vag: AOm¶V &

B©) {nVm AU©dm¶ ñd‘hm{dÚmb¶‘² AmJÝVw§ H$W¶{V ¶V:

1. {nVw: ‘hm{dÚmb¶o H$UmX{df¶H$m{U nwñVH$m{Z gpÝV &

2. {nVw: ‘hm{dÚmb¶o ñZoh-gå‘obZ‘² ApñV &

33

6. Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & 7. ñWmZmYmaoU eãXno{Q>H$m§ nya¶V &

d³Ìm g§dmX§ ‘ob¶V

gmW©dmh: CÚmZnmb:

(‘ÄOyfm - EHo$Z gwdU©ZmUHo$Z, Ah§ eV§ (dQ>d¥j:, ZJa‘², Aí‘IÊS>:, CÚmZ‘²)
gwdU©ZmUH$m{Z à¶ÀN>m{‘, Z¡VX² {dH«o$Vw{‘ÀN>m{‘,
VV² {H$¶Vm ‘yë¶oZ XXm{g?) ~.d. {d^p³V:
V¥Vr¶m
8. Zm‘Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & {Ûd. fð>r
E.d. Aßgamoä¶m‘² MVwWu

X¶mdV: ѽä¶m‘² ~.d. {d^p³V:
àW‘m
E.d. {Ûd. MVwWu
em{IZm¡ {ÛVr¶m
a‚mdo
g{dVma‘²

nR>V-~moYV
g{Vgá‘r - aMZm
"g{Vgá‘r' B{V g§ñH¥$V^mfm¶m: gm¡ÝX¶©nyUm© {deofaMZm & ¶Wm -
1) AñV“Vo g{dV[a jwÐ~w{Õ: ‘¥JoU gh ‘¥Jñ¶ {ZdmgñWmZ§ JV: &
¶Xm g{dVm AñV“V: VXm jwÐ~w{Õ: ‘¥JoU gh ‘¥Jñ¶ {ZdmgñWmZ§ JV: &

2) Vñ¶ VS>mJo g˶{n {e{ea-F$Vm¡ EH§$ nÙ§ ì¶H$gV² &
¶Ú{n {e{ea-F$Vw: AmgrV² VWm{n Vñ¶ VS>mJo EH§$ nÙ§ ì¶H$gV²&

3) Ed‘² C³Vd{V gwJVo {Z[aÀN>: gwXmg: à˶dXV² &
¶Xm gwJV: Ed‘² C³VdmZ² VXm {Z[aÀN>: gwXmg: à˶dXV²&

34

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² bH$maOJV² - (A) YmVd…& ìhm°Q>²g²-A°n-JUmbmn:
({ÛVr¶… g‘yh…)

e¥ÊdÝVw e¥ÊdÝVw ! Apñ‘Z² df} n¶©Q>ZmWª d¶§

A‘o¶: gd©o VmS>mo~m-A^¶maʶ§ ¶m‘: B{V {Z{üV‘² & 3
Ëd§ H$W‘² AOmZm:?
AݶH$jmÀN>mÌm: VWm ~«wdVo & AܶmnH$H$jo
gm{ZH$m A{n VWm MMm©‘² Ae¥Ud‘² & 3
V{h© g˶dMZ‘² &

Am¶m©
Ah‘² Adí¶§ ¶m{‘ &

A{X{V:
gd} ¶mpÝV MoV² Ah‘{n E{‘ &

AÚ Amaä¶ Ed {gÕVm§ Hw$‘©: & 3

Am¶m©
Ah§ H$ÝXþH$‘² ,Omb¶{ï>H$m§ ¶{ï>H$ÝXþH$m¡ A{n AmZ¶m{‘ &

nmW©: H«$sUm{‘ &
Ah§ Q>mo{nH$m§

Am{X˶:
Anyn§ bmOmZ² gw{nï>H$m{Z A{n
H«$sUr{h & MmH$bohmZ² A{n J¥hmU &

gm{ZH$m
Am{X˶: Vw gd©Xm ImXZ{df¶o Ed ~«dr{V & AV: Ed nrZ: &

Am{X˶:
^dVw , V{h© Ah‘² EH$mH$s Ed ^moú¶o, Z Xmñ¶m{‘ H$ñ‘¡ A{n &

A‘o¶: VÌ à‘wI‘² AmH$f©U‘², Ah§ ‘‘ AJ«OmV²
ì¶mK«Xe©Z§ àmßZmo{‘ & H$aXrn‘² A{n &
{MÌJ«mhH§$
{H$ÝVw A‘o¶, ¶: OmJ{V© g: Ed ì¶mK«§
ní¶{V & Ëd§ Vw dJ} A{n ñd{n{f & 3

35

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 2

nañ‘¡nX‘² (A) YmVwVm{bH$m: ({ÛVr¶: g‘yh:) AmË‘ZonX‘²
{Ûd. km (9 C.n.)
E.d. OmZrV: bQ²>bH$ma: {Ûd. ~.d.
OmZm{V OmZrW:
OmZm{g OmZrd: ~.d. nwéf: E.d.
OmZm{‘
nañ‘¡nX‘² OmZpÝV àW‘: OmZrVo OmZmVo OmZVo
E.d. {Ûd. OmZrW ‘ܶ‘: OmZrfo
AOmZmV² OmZr‘: CÎm‘: OmZo OmZmWo OmZrÜdo
AOmZm: AOmZrVm‘²
AOmZm‘² AOmZrV‘² OmZrdho OmZr‘ho
AOmZrd
bL²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
AOmZmVm‘² AOmZV
AOmZZ² àW‘: AOmZrV AOmZmWm‘² AOmZrÜd‘²
AOmZrV ‘ܶ‘: AOmZrWm: AOmZrd{h AOmZr‘{h
AOmZr‘ CÎm‘: AOm{Z

E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² bmoQ²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
OmZmVw {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
OmZr{h OmZÝVw àW‘: OmZrVm‘² OmZmVm‘² OmZVm‘²
OmZm{Z OmZrVm‘² OmZrV ‘ܶ‘: OmZrîd OmZmWm‘² OmZrÜd‘²
OmZrV‘² OmZm‘ CÎm‘: OmZ¡ OmZmdh¡ OmZm‘h¡
E.d. OmZmd
OmZr¶mV² {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
OmZr¶m: nañ‘¡nX‘² ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
OmZr¶m‘² {Ûd. OmZr¶w: àW‘: OmZrV OmZr¶mVm‘² OmZraZ²
OmZr¶mV ‘ܶ‘: OmZrWm: OmZr¶mWm‘² OmZrÜd‘²
OmZr¶mVm‘² OmZr¶m‘ CÎm‘: OmZr¶ OmZrd{h OmZr‘{h
OmZr¶mV‘²
OmZr¶md

nañ‘¡nX‘² b¥Q²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf:
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
kmñ¶Vo
kmñ¶{V kmñ¶V: kmñ¶pÝV àW‘: kmñ¶go kmñ¶oVo kmñ¶ÝVo
kmñ¶{g kmñ¶W: kmñ¶W ‘ܶ‘: kmñ¶o
kmñ¶m{‘ kmñ¶md: kmñ¶m‘: CÎm‘: kmñ¶oWo kmñ¶Üdo
~«y (2 C.n.) E.d.
~.d. bQ²>bH$ma: ~«yVo kmñ¶mdho kmñ¶m‘ho
nwéf: ~«yfo
nañ‘¡nX‘² ~«wdo AmË‘ZonX‘² ~.d.
E.d. {Ûd. {Ûd. ~«wdVo
~«wdmVo ~«yÜdo
~«dr{V,Amh ~«yV:, AmhVw: ~«wdpÝV,Amhþ: àW‘:
~«wdmWo ~«y‘ho
~«dr{f,AmËW ~«yW:, AmhWw: ~«yW ‘ܶ‘:
~«ydho
~«dr{‘ ~«yd: ~«y‘: CÎm‘:

36

nañ‘¡nX‘² bL²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
{Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d.
E.d. A~«yVm‘² {Ûd. ~.d.
A~«drV² A~«yV‘² A~«wdZ² àW‘: A~«yV
A~«dr: A~«yd A~«yV ‘ܶ‘: A~«yWm: A~«wdmVm‘² A~«wdV
A~«d‘² A~«y‘ CÎm‘: A~«w{d
nañ‘¡nX‘² A~«wdmWm‘² A~«yÜd‘²
E.d. {Ûd. bmoQ²>bH$ma:
~«drVw ~«yVm‘² ~.d. nwéf: E.d. A~«yd{h A~«y‘{h
~«y{h ~«yV‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²
~«dm{U ~«dmd ~«wdÝVw àW‘: ~«yVm‘²
~«yV ‘ܶ‘: ~«yîd {Ûd. ~.d.
E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² ~«dm‘ CÎm‘: ~«d¡
~«y¶mV² {Ûd. ~«wdmVm‘² ~«wdVm‘²
~«y¶m: ~«y¶mVm‘² {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:
~«y¶m‘² ~«y¶mV‘² ~.d. nwéf: E.d. ~«wdmWm‘² ~«yÜd‘²
~«y¶md
~«y¶w: àW‘: ~«wdrV ~«dmdh¡ ~«dm‘h¡
~«y¶mV ‘ܶ‘: ~«wdrWm:
~«y¶m‘ CÎm‘: ~«wdr¶ AmË‘ZonX‘²

{Ûd. ~.d.

~«wdr¶mVm‘² ~«wdraZ²

~«wdr¶mWm‘² ~«wdrÜd‘²

~«wdrd{h ~«wdr‘{h

E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² ~.d. b¥Q²>bH$ma: E.d. AmË‘ZonX‘²
dú¶{V {Ûd. dú¶pÝV nwéf: dú¶Vo {Ûd. ~.d.
dú¶{g dú¶V: dú¶W dú¶go dú¶oVo dú¶ÝVo
dú¶m{‘ dú¶W: dú¶m‘: àW‘: dú¶o dú¶oWo dú¶Üdo
dú¶md: ‘ܶ‘: dú¶mdho dú¶m‘ho
~.d. CÎm‘: E.d.
E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² XX{V Xm (3 C.n.) XÎmo AmË‘ZonX‘²
XXm{V {Ûd. XËW bQ²>bH$ma: XËgo
XXm{g XÎm: XÙ: nwéf: XXo {Ûd. ~.d.
XXm{‘ XËW:
XÛ: ~.d. àW‘: E.d. XXmVo XXVo
E.d. AXXþ: ‘ܶ‘: AXÎm XXmWo XX²Üdo
AXXmV² nañ‘¡nX‘² AXÎm CÎm‘: AXËWm: XÛho XÙho
AXXm: AXÙ bL²>bH$ma: AX{X AmË‘ZonX‘²
AXXm‘² {Ûd.
AXÎmm‘² nwéf: {Ûd. ~.d.
E.d. AXÎm‘² AXXmVm‘² AXXV
XXmVw AXÛ àW‘: AXXmWm‘² AXX²Üd‘²
Xo{h ‘ܶ‘: AXÛ{h AXÙ[h
XXm{Z nañ‘¡nX‘² CÎm‘:
{Ûd.
XÎmm‘² bmoQ²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
XÎm‘² ~.d. nwéf: E.d.
XXmd XXVw àW‘: XÎmm‘² {Ûd. ~.d.
XÎm ‘ܶ‘: XËñd
XXm‘ CÎm‘: XX¡ XXmVm‘² XXVm‘²

37 XXmWm‘² XX²Üd‘²

XXmdh¡ XXm‘h¡

nañ‘¡nX‘² {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
XÚmV² XÚmVm‘² XXr¶mVm‘² XXraZ²
XÚm: XÚmV‘² XÚw: àW‘: XXrV XXr¶mWm‘² XXrÜd‘²
XÚm‘² XÚmd XÚmV ‘ܶ‘: XXrWm: XXrd{h XXr‘{h
XÚm‘ CÎm‘: XXr¶

nañ‘¡nX‘² b¥Q²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
{Ûd. nwéf:
E.d. Xmñ¶V: ~.d. E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
Xmñ¶{V Xmñ¶W: Xmñ¶pÝV àW‘: Xmñ¶Vo
Xmñ¶{g Xmñ¶md: Xmñ¶W ‘ܶ‘: Xmñ¶go Xmñ¶oVo Xmñ¶ÝVo
Xmñ¶m{‘ Xmñ¶m‘: CÎm‘: Xmñ¶o
^wO² (7 C.n.) Xmñ¶oWo Xmñ¶Üdo
bQ²>bH$ma: E.d.
nwéf: ^wL²>³Vo$ Xmñ¶mdho Xmñ¶m‘ho
^wL²>jo
nañ‘¡nX‘² (ajUo) àW‘: ^wÄOo AmË‘ZonX‘² (^moOZo)
‘ܶ‘:
E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. CÎm‘: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
bL²>bH$ma: A^wL²>³V$
^wZp³V ^wL²>³V: ^wÄOpÝV nwéf: A^wL²>³Wm: ^wÄOmVo ^wÄOVo
A^w{ÄO
^wZ{j ^wL²>³W: ^wL²>³W àW‘: ^wÄOmWo ^wL²>½Üdo
‘ܶ‘:
^wZpÁ‘ ^wÄÁd: ^wÄÁ‘: CÎm‘: ^wÄÁdho ^wÄÁ‘ho

nañ‘¡nX‘² AmË‘ZonX‘²

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. {Ûd. ~.d.

A^wZH²$-J² A^wL²>³Vm‘² A^wÄOZ² A^wÄOmVm‘² A^wÄOV

A^wZH²$-J² A^wL²>³V‘² A^wL²>³V A^wÄOmWm‘² A^wL²>½Üd‘²

A^wZO‘² A^wÄÁd A^wÄÁ‘ A^wÄÁd{h A^wÄÁ‘{h

E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² ~.d. bmoQ²>bH$ma: E.d. AmË‘ZonX‘²
^wZ³Vw$ {Ûd. ^wÄOÝVw nwéf: ^wL²>³Vm‘² {Ûd. ~.d.
^wpL²>½Y ^wL²>³V ^wL²>úd ^wÄOmVm‘² ^wÄOVm‘²
^wZOm{Z ^wL²>³Vm‘² ^wZOm‘ àW‘: ^wÄOmWm‘² ^wL²>½Üd‘²
^wL²>³V‘² ‘ܶ‘: ^wZO¡ ^wZOmdh¡ ^wZOm‘h¡
^wZOmd CÎm‘:

E.d. nañ‘¡nX‘² {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma: AmË‘ZonX‘²
^wÄÁ¶mV² {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d.
^wÄÁ¶m: ^wÄOr¶mVm‘² ^wÄOraZ²
^wÄÁ¶m‘² ^wÄÁ¶mVm‘² ^wÄÁ¶w: àW‘: ^wÄOrV ^wÄOr¶mWm‘² ^wÄOrÜd‘²
^wÄÁ¶mV‘² ^wÄÁ¶mV ‘ܶ‘: ^wÄOrWm: ^wÄOrd{h ^wÄOr‘{h
E.d. ^wÄÁ¶md ^wÄÁ¶m‘ CÎm‘: ^wÄOr¶ AmË‘ZonX‘²
^moú¶{V nañ‘¡nX‘² {Ûd. ~.d.
^moú¶{g b¥Q²>bH$ma: ^moú¶oVo ^moú¶ÝVo
^moú¶m{‘ {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. ^moú¶oWo ^moú¶Üdo
^moú¶V: ^moú¶mdho ^moú¶m‘ho
^moú¶W: ^moú¶pÝV àW‘: ^moú¶Vo
^moú¶md: ^moú¶W ‘ܶ‘: ^moú¶go
^moú¶m‘: CÎm‘: ^moú¶o

38

¶m (2 n.n.) bQ²>bH$ma: ¶m (2 n.n.) bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf:

¶m{V ¶mV: ¶mpÝV àW‘: A¶mV² A¶mVm‘² A¶mZ²/A¶w: àW‘:

¶m{g ¶mW: ¶mW ‘ܶ‘: A¶m: A¶mV‘² A¶mV ‘ܶ‘:

¶m{‘ ¶md: ¶m‘: CÎm‘: A¶m‘² A¶md A¶m‘ CÎm‘:

¶m (2 n.n.) bmoQ²>bH$ma: ¶m (2 n.n.) {d{Y{bL²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf:

¶mVw ¶mVm‘² ¶mÝVw àW‘: ¶m¶mV² ¶m¶mVm‘² ¶m¶w: àW‘:

¶m{h ¶mV‘² ¶mV ‘ܶ‘: ¶m¶m: ¶m¶mV‘² ¶m¶mV ‘ܶ‘:

¶m{Z ¶md ¶m‘ CÎm‘: ¶m¶m‘² ¶m¶md ¶m¶m‘ CÎm‘:

¶m (2 n.n.) b¥Q²>bH$ma:

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf:

¶mñ¶{V ¶mñ¶V: ¶mñ¶pÝV àW‘:

¶mñ¶{g ¶mñ¶W: ¶mñ¶W ‘ܶ‘:

¶mñ¶m{‘ ¶mñ¶md: ¶mñ¶m‘: CÎm‘:

1) Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V & {OkmgmnÌ‘²

YmVd: AW©: bH$ma: EH$dMZ‘² [ÛdMZ‘² ~hþdMZ‘²
~«y (2 C.n.) dX{V A~«wdZ²
Xm (3 C.n.) ¶ÀN>{V bL²> ^wÄOrV A~«yVm‘² XXVo
bQ²> OmZrVo XXmVo XÎm
^wO² (7 C.n.) ImX{V bmoQ²> J¥†m{‘ XÎm‘² ^wL²>½Üdo
bQ²> ^wÄOmWo
km (9 C.n.) AdJÀN>{V {d{Y{bL²> ^wÄOr¶mVm‘² OmZm‘h¡
bQ²> OmZmVo
J«h² (9 C.n.) ñdrH$amo{V bmoQ²> OmZmdh¡
bQ²> J¥†rd:

2) ¶mo½¶m{Z bQ²>ê$nm{U {bIV &

A) ¶emoXm X{Y & (‘W² 9 n.n.) Am) ~mbH$: jwY¶m & (éX² 2 n.n.)

B) Ah§ ^moOZ‘² & (Ae² 9 n.n.) B©) H¥$îU: ZaH$mgwa§ & (hZ² 2 n.n.)

C) d¶§ ^JdÝV§ & (ñVw 2 n.n.) D$) ha: {h‘mb¶o & (er 2 Am.n.)

E) ‘¥Jm: qghmV² & (^r 3 n.n.) Eo) ‘mVm‘hr AmnUmV² emH$m{Z & (H«$s 9 n.n.)

Amo) F$f¶: {Z˶§ gmpÎdH$‘Þ§ & (^wO² 7 Am.n.)

nR>V-~moYV-H$ÊR>ñWrHw$éV & - XebH$mam:
1bQ²> dV©‘mZo 2boQ²> doXo ^yVo 3bwL²> 4bL²> 5{bQ>ñVWm &

{dܶm{efm¡ Vw 6{bL²>-7bmoQ>m¡ 8bwQ²> 9b¥Q²> 10b¥L²> M ^{dî¶{V &&

39

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² bH$maOJV² - (~) {bQ²> &

‘Zwî¶: J¥ho AdgV² & Am{X‘mZd: Jwhm¶m‘² Cdmg &

EVm{Z dm³¶m{Z nR>V &

ø: nwam

‘mohZ: nmR>embm‘² AJÀN>V² & lrH¥$îU: gmÝXrn{Z_wZo: Aml‘§ OJm‘ &

N>mÌm: nwpñVH$m: A¶ÀN>Z² & Xodm: eóm{U XXþ: &

JÝYma: ’$b‘² AImXV² & lram‘: ~Xar’$bm{Z MImX &

~mbH$: Xod_² AZ_V² & H$U©: eH«§$ ZZm_ &

àmMrZH$mbo ø: A0Ú íd:/AmJm{‘H$mbo
MH$ma AH$amoV² H$amo{V H$[aî¶{V
({bQ²>)
(bL²>) (bQ²>) (b¥Q²>)

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

H¥${V: - nnmR> nnm¡ XXm¡
1) ‘ybYmVw§ ¶moO¶V & bo^o nnmV ddÝXo

‘w‘moM

~^mfo

nR²> ‘wM² dÝX² ^mf²
nm nV² Xm b^²

40

{bQ²>bH$ma: (namoj^yVH$mb:) ^mfmgyÌ‘² - 3

^yVH$mb: &

àW‘: & {ÛVr¶: & V¥Vr¶: &
AZÚVZ: (bL²>bH$ma:) gm‘mݶ:/AÚVZ: (bwL²>bH$ma:)
AJÀN>V² namoj: ({bQ²>bH$ma:) na‘² AJ‘V²
gyM¶{V & namoj:OZJmm‘‘ AúUmo:
namoj^yVH$mb: A{VàmMrZËd§ &

namoj^yVH$mbñ¶ àH$maÛ¶‘²

Aä¶ñV: Am‘ÝV:

àW‘V: Zd‘JUn¶©ÝV‘² YmVd: Xe‘JUr¶m: YmVd:, {UOÝVm: (à¶moOH$m:),

(Ho$MZ AndmXm:) B©/D$/ G /E/Amo - ñdamX¶: YmVd: VWm M Ho$MZ Aݶo YmVd: &

nañ‘¡nX‘² ~.d. {bQ²>-à˶¶m: AmË‘ZonX‘² ~.d.
Cg² nwéf: Bao
E.d. {Ûd. (C:) E.d. {Ûd.
A AVwg² àW‘nwéf: E AmVo

(AVw:)

Aä¶ñV-{bQ>²bH$ma: (namoj^yVH$mb:)

Aä¶mg: Zm‘ nwZamd¥{Îm: & AV: àW‘dU©ñ¶ nwZamd¥{Îm: ¶pñ‘Z² ^d{V, g: Aä¶ñV: namoj^yVH$mb: &

¶Wm Xm - XXm¡ XXVw: XXþ: &

nm - nnm¡ nnVw: nnw: & Ñe² - XXe© XÑeVw: XÑew: &

km - Okm¡ OkVw: Okw: & ¶m - ¶¶m¡ ¶¶Vw: ¶¶w: &

{bQ>²-ê$nm{U (n. n.)

YmVw: à.nw. à.nw. à.nw. YmVw: à.nw. à.nw. à.nw.
E.d {Ûd. ~.d. ~.d.
J‘² (1 n.n.) E.d {Ûd.
Ma² (1 n.n.) OJm‘ O½‘Vw: O½‘w: dM² (2 n.n.) D$Mw:
V¥ (1 n.n.) MMma MoaVw: Moé: hZ² (2 n.n.) CdmM D$MVw: O¿Zw:
Z‘² (1 n.n.) VVma VoaVw: Voé: {bI² (6 n.n.) OKmZ O¿ZVw: {b{bIw:
nV² (1 n.n.) ZZm‘ Zo‘Vw: Zo‘w: Z¥V² (4 n.n.) {bboI {b{bIVw: ZZ¥Vw:
Zr (1 n.n.) nnmV noVVw: noVw: eH²$ (5 n.n.) ZZV© ZZ¥VVw: eoHw$:
~wY (1 n.n.) {ZZm¶ {ZݶVw: {Zݶw: lw (5 n.n.) eemH$ eoH$Vw: ewlwdw:
Xm (3 n.n.) ~w~moY ~w~wYVw: ~w~wYw: ~ÝY² (9 n.n.) ewlmd ewlwdVw: ~~ÝYw:
‘wM² (6 n.n.) XXm¡ XXVw: XXþ: H«w$e² (1 n.n.) ~~ÝY ~~ÝYVw: MwH«w$ew:
^wO² (7 n.n.) ‘w‘moM ‘w‘wMVw: ‘w‘wMw: ^y (1 n.n.) MwH«$moe MwH«w$eVw: ~^ydw:
H¥$ (8 n.n.) ~w^moO ~w^wOVw: ~w^wOw: dg² (1 n.n.) ~^yd ~^ydVw: D$fw:
km (9 n.n.) MH$ma MH«$Vw: MHw«$: Ag² (2 n.n.) Cdmg D$fVw: Amgw:
Okm¡ OkVw: Okw: ^ÄO² (7 n.n.) Amg AmgVw: ~^ÄOw:
~^ÄO ~^ÄOVw:

41