aamod sanskrut sampurn 10th

E.d. {Ûd. ~.d. nwéf: bH$ma:
ghVo àW‘: bQ²>
‘ܶ‘: {d{Y{bL²>
{bIoV‘² àW‘: bL²>
AmgrV²
~.d. nwéf: bH$ma:
E.d. {Ûd. nyO¶m‘ CÎm‘: bmoQ²>
J{‘î¶m‘: ‘ܶ‘: bL²>
AHw$dm©Wm‘² CÎm‘: b¥Q²>

8. YmVwgm{YV-{deofU-Vm{bH$m§ nya¶V &

YmVw: ³V ³VdVw $H¥$˶m: eV¥/emZM²
nyO² (10 C.n.) Im{XV: nyÁ¶: nyO¶‘mZ:
ImX² (1 n.n.) Im{XVdmZ²
b^² (1 Am.n.) bãYdmZ² b^Zr¶:

A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

¶Wm - Ëd§ Vw àOm{hVXj: Z¥n: &

Ëd§ Vw àOm{hVXj: amOm/amQ>²/nm{W©d:/ú‘m^¥V²/^yn:/‘hr{jV² &

1. g: ‘Zwî¶: An¥ÀN>V² & 2. Oå~yH$: ‘Z{g AmZpÝXV: &

3. Ef: H$ë¶mUH$mar Z¥n: & 4. ‘¥J: V§ ÑîQ²>dm A~«drV² &

5. g: Za: eÌwZÝXZ: & 6. g: d#mH$: ¹$mñVo?

7. Jm¡: A{n ‘#m§ g‘mJVm & 8. e‘añ¶ {nVm {edJwé: &

9. EVX² {dœ§ na‘mUwä¶: {Z{‘©V‘² & 10. H$mH$eãX§ lwËdm e¥Jmb: gËda§ nbm{¶V: &

11. "VWmñVw' B{V A~«drV² ^JdmZ² gwJV: & 12. ¶ñ‘mV² kmZ§ b^Vo g: Jwé: Ed &

13. Ef: gwJV: Ed ZZw ^JdmZ² ~wÕ: &

14. e¥Jmb: ñdmW©hoVwZm ‘¥JoU gh {‘ÌVm‘² EoÀN>V² &

15. AU©dñ¶ {nVm {dkmZñ¶ àmܶmnH$: &

16. ‘‘ nwÌ: amKw: A{n nÄOag‘rn‘mJ˶ n¥ï>dmZ² &

17. EH$m ‘{hbm ñdnwÌoU gh ì¶mK«§ Ðïw>‘² AmJVm &

18. ‘mVm Am¶m©å~m nwÌñ¶ {ddmh{df¶o gX¡d {MÝV¶{V ñ‘ &

19. MoVgm A{ZÀN>ÝVr A{n {ddem ‘mVm AdXV² &

20. ‘‘ gwöX² Ame¶gånmXH$ê$noU VÌ H$m¶©aV: &

21. ho amOoÝÐ! Vd {nVm Xþ:emgH$: doZamO: &

92

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² {UOÝVm: (à¶moOH$m:)& {ejH$: ~mbH§$
nwñVH§$ nmR>¶{V &
~mbH$: nR>{V &

~mbH$: AÞ§ ^wL²>³Vo & ‘mVm ~mbH$‘²
AÞ§ ^moO¶{V &

~mbH$: Ob§ {n~{V & {nVm ~mbH§$
Ob§ nm¶¶{V &

d¥j: dY©Vo & ~m{bH$m d¥j§ dY©¶{V &
~mbH$: AmgÝXmV² nV{V &
a‘oe: ~mbH$‘²
~m{bH$m {M̧ ní¶{V & AmgÝXmV² nmV¶{V &
93
gIr ~m{bH$m§
{M̧ Xe©¶{V &

¶mZ§ Mb{V & MmbH$: ¶mZ§ Mmb¶{V &

gyX: AÞ§ nM{V & J¥{hUr gyXoZ
AÞ§ nmM¶{V &

1. nwÌ: ņ {bI{V& VmV: nwÌoU ņ boI¶{V&
2. N>mÌ: XþJ©wU§ ˶O{V& {ejH$: N>mÌoU XþJw©U§ ˶mO¶{V&
3. d¥f^Û¶§ hb§ H$f©{V& H¥$fH$: d¥f^Û¶oZ hb§ H$f©¶{V&
4. dmZam: goVw§ ~ÜZpÝV& lram‘: dmZa¡: goVw§ ~ÝY¶{V&
5. Jmon~mbm: ZdZrV§ Mmoa¶pÝV& lrH¥$îU: Jmon~mb¡: ZdZrV§ Mmoa¶{V&

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

ê$ne¥’bm§ nya¶V & ^y - dM² - dmM¶{V/Vo ‘wM² - ‘moM¶{V/Vo
ñWm - ñWmn¶{V/Vo H¥$ -H$ma¶{V/Vo nR²> - Hw$n² -
Xm - ‘¥ - dX² - ~wY² -
‘m - d¥ - hg² - ^wO² -
km - V¦ - ‘Z² - éX² -
¶m - ñ‘¥ - {bI² - boI¶{V/Vo d¥Y² - dY©¶{V/Vo
nm(2n.n.)-nmb¶{V/Vo Y¥ - à + {de² - g¥O² -
nm(1n.n.)-nm¶¶{V/Vo J‘² - J‘¶{V/Vo {gM² - Z¥V² -
J¡ - Jmn¶{V/Vo ImX² - {dX² - $H¥$f² -
ܶ¡ - ^j² -
Zr - Zm¶¶{V/Vo Ymd² -
lw - lmd¶{V/Vo Z‘² -

94

^mfmgyÌ‘² - 6 {UOÝV: (à¶moOH$:)&

‘yb§ dm³¶‘² {UOÝV§ dm³¶‘²

am‘: dZ§ JÀN>{V & H¡$Ho$¶r am‘§ dZ§ J‘¶{V &
H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnX‘² à¶moOH$- à¶moÁ¶- Jm¡U- {UOÝV§
H$Vm© H$Vm© H$‘© {H«$¶mnXê$n‘²

x {UOÝVà¶moJo à¶moOH$H$Vm© àW‘mÝV: ^d{V &
x {UOÝVà¶moJo gd}fm§ YmVyZm‘² "A¶' {dH$aU§ ^d{V &
x gd}fm§ YmVyZm§ {UOÝVê$nm{U C^¶nXr{Z ^dpÝV &
x gd}fw bH$maofw {UOÝVà¶moJm: ^dpÝV &
‘ybdm³¶o ¶: H$Vm© g: {UOÝVdm³¶o à¶moÁ¶H$Vm© ^d{V & à¶moÁ¶H$Vw©: H$m {d^p³V: ?

YmVwàH$ma: à¶moÁ¶H$Vw©: {d^p³V:+ CXmhaU‘²

1) AH$‘©H$-YmVd: - (nV², hg², Z¥V² B˶mX¶:) [ÛVr¶m - {‘{ha: Am{X˶§ nmV¶{V &

2) J˶W©H$-kmZ/Aܶ¶ZmË‘H$-godZmË‘H$- {ÛVr¶m - d¡Ú: ~mbH$‘² Am¡fY§ nm¶¶{V &

eãXH$‘m©Ë‘H$-YmVd: & {ejH$: ~mbH§$ nmR>§ nmR>¶{V &

(J‘²-JÀN²>, ¶m, nR²>, ~wY², km, A{Y+B, {dX², ‘mVm {eew§ àoL²>ImJrV§ lmd¶{V &

{ej², ^wO², nm-{n~², Ae², lw, ñ‘¥ B˶mX¶:)

3) gH$‘©H$-YmVd: V¥Vr¶m - Y{ZH$: ñdnwÌoU {^jwH$m¶ YZ§ Xmn¶{V &
({bI², Xm, nM², aj² B˶mX¶:)

4) Zr-Z¶², dh², ImX² V¥Vr¶m - ñdm‘r JX©^oZ ^ma§ dmh¶{V &

5) H¥$, ö {ÛVr¶m/V¥Vr¶m
6) Ñe² {ejH$: N>mÌmZ²/N>mÌ¡: d¥jmamonU§ H$ma¶{V &

{ÛVr¶m/MVwWu
H$m¡gë¶m am‘§/am‘m¶ MÝЧ Xe©¶{V &

{OkmgmnÌ‘²

A) {UOÝV§ Hw$éV & 2. AÝYH$ma: Zí¶{V & (gy¶©:)
1. d¥j: nV{V & (à^ÄOZ:) 4. H¥$îU: ZdZrV§ ^wL²>³Vo & (¶emoXm)
3. N>mÌ: à{de{V & (ajH$:) 6. a{gH$: H$m춧 e¥Umo{V & (H${d:)
5. AOw©Z: eó{dÚm‘² AYrVo & (ÐmoUmMm¶©:) 8. nwÌ: ņ {bI{V & ({nVm)
7. ‘oK: gÝXoe§ Z¶{V & (¶j:)

Am) {UOÝV§ {ZîH$mg¶V & 2. ì¶mg: JUoeoZ ‘hm^maV§ boI¶{V &
1. ~mbH$: ewHo$Z ’$b§ ImX¶{V & 4. e¥Jmb: ‘¥J§ jo̧ Xe©¶{V &
3. AmajH$: MmbH§$ {Z¶‘§ kmn¶{V &
95

aå¶g§ñH¥$V‘² gL²>»¶m{dœ‘² 1- H«$‘dmMH$m: &

(‘mVm‘øm gh Xm¡{hÌm:
Xm¡{hͶ: M CndZo Cn{dí¶
dmVm©bmn§ Hw$d©pÝV &)

n¥Wm - (AmZÝXoZ)
‘mVm‘{h, {H$¶ÝV: d¥jm:
gpÝV Añ‘mH$‘² CndZo!
‘mVm‘hr - A{n
A{^OmZrW Ho$ d¥jm:
EVo ? Zm‘m{Z H$W¶V &
doUw: - Ef: àW‘: d¥j:
Am‘«d¥j: & {ÛVr¶: M
H$Xbrd¥j: &

n¥Wm  -  AÌ V¥Vr¶: Xm{S>‘d¥j: &
gwYoÝXþ: - MVwW©: M Zma“d¥j: &
doUw: - ^mo:, Z Ho$db§ àW‘: d¥j: A{n Vw d¥jmUm§ àW‘m Amd{b: Ed Am‘«d¥jmUm‘² & {ÛVr¶m

H$Xbrd¥jmUm‘² ...
n¥Wm - V¥Vr¶m Xm{S>‘mZm§ MVwWu M Zma“mUm‘² &
‘mVm‘hr - gmYw ~mbH$m: & gwðw> A{^kmV‘² & A{n OmZrW, àW‘, {ÛVr¶, V¥Vr¶ EVo eãXm: Zm‘

H«$‘dmMH$-gL²>»¶m{deofUm{Z & H$W‘² Cn¶wÁ¶ÝVo B‘m{Z ?
doUw: - àW‘: ~mbH$: - àW‘m ~m{bH$m - àW‘§ J¥h‘² &
gwYoÝXþ: - VW¡d {ÛVr¶: - {ÛVr¶m - {ÛVr¶‘² &
n¥Wm - V¥Vr¶: - V¥Vr¶m - V¥Vr¶§ M &
‘mVm‘hr - CÎm‘‘² & {H$ÝVw MVwW©V: ór{b“ê$nm{U MVwWu, n#m‘r, fð>r B˶mXr{Z ^dpÝV &
n¥Wm - AV Ed ZmJn#m‘r, aWgá‘r, AmfmT>-EH$mXer, AZÝVMVwX©er B˶mXr{Z {V{WZm‘m{Z ^dpÝV

Ibw &
‘mVm‘hr - gå¶H²$ & V{h© H«$‘dmMH$m{Z Cn¶wÁ¶ BVmo@{n dm³¶m{Z dXV &
gwYoÝXþ: - Ah§ àW‘o Vbo dgm{‘ & nmR>embm¶m§ ‘‘ dJ©: Vw {ÛVr¶o Vbo &
doUw: - JVdf} Ah§ Zdå¶m§ H$jm¶m§ nR>m{‘ ñ‘ & Apñ‘Z² df} Xeå¶m§ H$jm¶m§ nR>m{‘ & A{J«‘o df}

EH$mXí¶m§ H$jm¶m§ n{R>î¶m{‘ &
n¥Wm - nR>ZñnYm©¶m‘² Ah§ {ÛVr¶§ nmR>‘² AnR>‘² & VXm àW‘§ nm[aVmo{fH§$ àmßZd‘² &
doUw: - fð>ñ¶ àíZñ¶ CÎma‘² Aï>å¶m N>m̶m XÎm‘² & AÌ JUoeñVmo̧ ñ‘am{‘ "àW‘§ dH«$VwÊS>§ M . . . B{V &
‘mVm‘hr - ~mT>§ ~mT>‘² & Añ¶ H¥$Vo ¶wî‘mH§$ nm[aVmo{fH§$ Zm‘ ‘Ywam{U ’$bm{Z & ¶mdpÝV ’$bm{Z BÀN>W

VmdpÝV ImXW& $

96

nw§{b“‘² H«$‘dmMH$m{Z {deofUm{Z Znw§gH${b“‘²
àW‘: ór{b“‘² àW‘‘²
{ÛVr¶: àW‘m {ÛVr¶‘²
V¥Vr¶: {ÛVr¶m V¥Vr¶‘²
MVwW©: V¥Vr¶m MVwW©‘²
n#m‘: MVwWu n#m‘‘²
fð>: n#m‘r fîR>‘²
gá‘: fð>r gá‘‘²
Aï>‘: gá‘r Aï>‘‘²
Zd‘: Aï>‘r Zd‘‘²
Xe‘: Zd‘r Xe‘‘²
Xe‘r
(1) gL²>»¶m¶mZ§ nya¶V & 45
àW‘: gå^mfmnÌ‘² $H${d: n{o Q>H$m
1
AmgÝX: 23
^dZ‘² ÐmUo r

(2) ‘bo Z§ $$Hw$éV & V¥Vr¶¶m gmonmZmV²
n#m‘mV² H$ݶ¶m
gá‘‘² Xo춡
Aï>嶡 H$jm¶m‘²
Xeå¶m‘² Vb‘²

MmÝБmgZm‘m{Z & gañdVrñVmoÌ‘² &

H$ÊR>ñWrHw$éV & gañdVr ‘¶m Ñï>m drUmnwñVH$Ym[aUr &
OmZr¶mV² àW‘§ M¡Ì§ d¡emI§ M {ÛVr¶H$‘² & h§gdmhZg§¶wº$m {dÚmXmZ§ H$amoVw ‘o && 1&&
V¥Vr¶§ H$s{V©V§ Á¶oð>‘² AmfmT>§ M MVwW©H$‘² &&1&&
àW‘§ ^maVr Zm‘ {ÛVr¶§ M gañdVr &
lmdU§ n#m‘§ ‘mg§ fð>§ ^mÐnX§ VWm & V¥Vr¶§ emaXmXodr MVwWª h§gdm{hZr &&2&&
Am{œZ§ gᑧ {dÚmX² Aï>‘§ H$m{V©H§$ VWm &&2&& n#m‘§ Vw OJÝ‘mVm fð>§ dmJrídar VWm &
gᑧ M¡d H$m¡‘mar Mmï>‘§ daXm{¶Zr &&3&&
Zd‘§ ‘mJ©erfª M nm¡f§ M Xe‘§ VWm & Zd‘§ {g{ÕXmÌr M Xe‘§ ~«÷Mm[aUr &
EH$mXe§ Vw ‘mK§ M ÛmXe§ ’$mëJwZ§ VWm &&3&& EH$mXe§ MÝÐKÊQ>m ÛmXe§ ^wdZoídar &&4&&
Zm‘m{Z MmÝБmgmZm§ ÛmXemZm§ ¶WmH«$‘‘² & ÛmXe¡Vm{Z Zm‘m{Z {ÌgÝܶ§ ¶: nR>oÞa: &
{Z~moYoX² ‘mgMH«§$ M ‘ZwOmo df©gÄkH$‘² &&4&& {OˆmJ«o dgVo Vñ¶ ~«÷ê$nm gañdVr &&5&&

B{V lrgañdVrñVmo̧ gånyU©‘² &

CnH«$‘: - Ed‘od Aݶm{Z gL²>»¶mdmMH$¶w³Vm{Z ñVmoÌm{U ApÝdî¶V &
97

nR>V-~moYV XrK©gL²>»¶m: &

108 200 400 500
Aï>m{YH$eV‘² {ÛeV‘² MVwíeV‘² n#meV‘²

1000 10,000 1,00,000 1,00,00,000
ghò‘² Xeghò‘² bj‘² H$mo{Q>:

5728
n#mghò§ gáeV§ Aï>mqde{V:

AmMm¶©: - N>mÌm:, AÚVZ: {XZm‘: H$: ?
gw‘oY: - AÚ Am°JñQ>‘mgñ¶ ÛmXe: {XZm‘: ApñV & AmMm¶©, XrKm© gL²>»¶m H$W§ n{R>Vì¶m ?
AmMm¶©: - gwðw> n¥ï>‘² ! nR>Zg‘¶o gL²>»¶m¶m: nR>Z§ dm_V: H$aUr¶‘² & ¶Wm (2018 df©‘²) Aï>-EH$-

eyݶ-{Û Zm‘ Aï>¡H$eyݶ{ÛV‘§ df©‘² & N>mÌm:, Apñ‘Z² ‘mgo Ho$$ Ho$ {XZ{deofm: gpÝV ?
doXoe:- AmMm¶©, AÚ {dO¶ñ¶ OÝ‘{XZ‘² &
AmMm¶©: - Ed§ dm & gwðw> & {dO¶, ew^OÝ‘{XZ§ Vo & doXoe, Vd OÝ‘{XZ§ H$Xm ApñV ?
doXoe: - AmMm¶©, ‘‘ OÝ‘{XZ‘² Am°³Q>mo~a‘mgñ¶ gáqde{VV‘o {XZm‘o ApñV &

Ah‘² EH$-eyݶ-eyݶ-{ÛV‘o df} O{Z‘² Ab^o & AmMm¶© (2001) {Ûghòm{YH¡$H$V‘o B{V
A{n n{R>Vw§ e³¶Vo Z dm ?
AmMm¶©: - Am‘² & ~hÿÎm‘‘² &
gw‘oY: - AmMm¶©, ‘‘ AmgZH«$‘m‘ : (1656) EH$ghò§-fQ>²eV§-fQ²>n#mmeV² B{V & ¶w³V‘² Ibw ?
AmMm¶©: - Am‘² & ¶w³V‘² ApñV AmYw{ZH$g§ñH¥$Vo & gd} N>mÌm: A{J«‘m¶m§ narjm¶m‘² Ed§ àH$maoU Ed
AmgZH«$‘m‘§ {bIÝVw &
doXoe: - AmMm¶©, A{J«‘o ‘mgo gm‘mݶkmZñnYm© ApñV & ñnYm©¶m: àdoeewëH§$ nwñVH$ñ¶ M ewëH§$
kmVw{‘ÀN>m{‘ &
AmMm¶©: - doXoe ! gm‘mݶkmZnarjm¶m: ewëH$‘pñV eVm{YH$qde{V:/qdeË`{YH$eV_² (120)

ê$߶H$m{U VWm nwñVH$ñ¶ ‘y붑pñV eVm{YH$qÌeV² / {̧eX{YH$eV§ (130) ê$߶H$m{U &
Amh˶ gmY©{ÛeV‘² (250) & N>mÌm:, ¶{X ñnYm©{df¶H$s H$m{n g‘ñ¶m ApñV V{h© nÌHo$
Ed Mb^mfH«$‘m‘: XÎm: & VÌ¡d gånHª$ Hw$d©ÝVw & Mb^mfH«$‘m‘: ApñV (9374532642)
Zd-Ìr{U-gá-MVwa²-n#m-Ìr{U-Ûo-fQ²>-MËdm[a-Ûo &

Aja¡: {bIV - 105 208 1010 1,10,000 520

98

gL²>»¶m{dœ‘² 2 - Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$m: g‘yhdmMH$míM &

(doUw: ewÕ§ gwñda§ ñVmo̧ nR>{V & gd} e¥ÊdpÝV &)

‘mVm‘hr - CÎm‘§ doUmo ! gH¥$V² lwËdm A{n H$W§ Ëd¶m ñVmo̧ H$ÊR>ñWrH¥$V‘² !
gwYoÝXþ: - ‘mVm‘{h, gH¥$V² B˶w³Vo$ {H$‘² ?
‘mVm‘hr - gH¥$V² Zm‘ EH$dma‘² & "H${Vdma‘²' B{V àíZñ¶ ¶X² CÎma§ VX² Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$‘² B{V H$϶Vo &
n¥Wm - V{h© Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$m{Z Zm‘ EH$dma§, {Ûdma§, {Ìdma§, MVwdm©a‘² B{V &
‘mVm‘hr - g˶‘² & EVm{Z A춶m{Z & gH¥$V² , {Û:, {Ì:, MVw: EVm{Z AZwH«$‘§ Vofm‘od g‘mZmW©H$m{Z &
doUw: - h§@@... Añ‘mH§$ {e{jH$m gd©Xm dX{V, "Xedma§ H${WV§ ‘¶m &' "{Ûdma§ nmR>§ nR>V &' "{Ìdma§

gw^m{fV‘mbm§ {bIV' B{V & EVmÑe: Ibw Cn¶moJ: Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$mZm‘² &
gwYoÝXþ: - VWm M df©ñ¶ gH¥$V² d¶§ ‘mVm‘hr-J¥h‘² AmJÀN>m‘: &
n¥Wm - Ah‘{n H$W¶m{‘ dm³¶‘² & A§ ..... Ah§ {XZñ¶ {Û: ^moOZ§ H$amo{‘ & (gwYoÝXþ§ ÑîQ‰>m {dhñ¶)

Ef: Vw {XZñ¶ MVw: ^wL²>ºo$ & A{n ¶mo½¶‘², ‘mVm‘{h$?
gwYoÝXþ: - gd©Wm A¶mo½¶‘² & Zmh§ dma§dma§ ImXm{‘ & Efm Ed Aܶ¶Z§ {dhm¶ gámhñ¶ {Ì: Z¥Ë¶dJª

JÀN>{V &
‘mVm‘hr - dm³¶m{Z Vw ¶mo½¶m{Z & {H$ÝVw ~mbH$̶§ H$mobmhbo ‘¾§ Ñí¶Vo &
doUw: - AYwZm "̶‘²' B{V {H$‘² ?
gwYoÝXþ: - ‘¶m AdJV‘² & A{n g‘yhdmMH$‘oVV² ?
‘mVm‘hr - gmYw gwYoÝXmo & Û¶‘², ̶‘², MVwï>¶‘², n#mH$‘², fQ²>H$‘² B˶mXr{Z g‘yhdmMH$m{Z Ed &
n¥Wm - V{h© ‘Ywamï>Ho$ Aï> ûcmoH$m: gpÝV Ibw ?
‘mVm‘hr - g‘rMrZ‘² & A{n OmZrW ‘hoÝÐoU YmdZeVH§$ H¥$V§ ø: ?
n¥Wm - h§@@... Ah§ dXm{‘ dm³¶‘² & N>mÌ̶oU àH$ën: H¥$V: &
doUw: - d¥jn#mHo$ à^yVm{Z ’$bm{Z gpÝV &
gwYoÝXþ: - OZMVwï>¶§ g§ñH¥$VoZ¡d dmVm©bmn§ H$amo{V &
‘mVm‘hr - gd©Wm ¶mo½¶‘² & gå¶H$² AdJV§ gL²>»¶m{dœ§ ¶wî‘m{^: & ~mT>‘² &

gH¥$V² EH$dma‘² Amd¥{ÎmdmMHo$Z gh ¶Xm H$mbdmMH$:
{Û: {Ûdma‘² eãX: à¶w³V: ^d{V VXm
{Ì: {Ìdma‘² H$mbdmMH$ñ¶ fð>r{d^p³V: H$m¶m©
MVw: MVwdm©a‘² ¶Wm - {XZñ¶ {Û: &
n#mH¥$Ëd: n#mdma‘²
fQ²>H¥$Ëd: fQ²>dma‘² gámhñ¶ MVwdm©a‘² &
gáH¥$Ëd: gádma‘² g§dËgañ¶ gH¥$V² B{V &
Aï>H¥$Ëd: Aï>dma‘²
ZdH¥$Ëd: Zddma‘² g‘yhdmMH$m: gd©Xm Znw§gH${b“o EH$dMZo ^dpÝV &
XeH¥$Ëd: Xedma‘² ¶Wm - ‘mJ} ¶mZMVwï>¶§ Ymd{V &

nR>V-~moYV
gH¥$Xod ànÞm¶ Vdmñ‘r{V M dm{XZo &
A^¶§ gd©^yVoä¶mo XXmå¶oVV² d«V§ ‘‘ &&

99

gå^mfmnÌ‘²

(1) Amd¥{ÎmdmMHo$Z dm³¶§ nya¶V &

A) N>mÌ: {XZñ¶ (2) Aܶ¶Z§ H$amo{V &

Am) ‘mVm (5) ‘‘ ¶wVH§$ àjm{bVdVr &

B) VoZ (3) à¶moJ: H¥$V: &

(2) g‘yhdmMH§$ {bIV &

(3) H«$‘-gL²>»¶m-Amd¥{Îm-dmMH$mZm§ ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {bIV &

A) gL²>»¶mdmMH$m{Z &

H$) ^JdVm ì¶mgoZ (18) nwamUm{Z a{MVm{Z &

I) (4) doXm: dV©ÝVo &

J) (3) ‘{hbm: Ob‘mhVwª JÀN>pÝV &

K) ^moOZo (6) agofw ‘Ywa: ag: ‘‘ {à¶: &

M) ^JdÒrVm¶m‘² Aï>mXeo Aܶm¶o (78) ûcmoH$m: gpÝV &

Am) H«$‘dmMH$m{Z &

H$) lrH¥$îU: Xod³¶m: (8) An˶‘² &

I) nm¡f‘mg: g§dËgañ¶ (10) ‘mg: &

J) Am¶©^Å>: B{V ^maVdf}U ào{fV: (1) CnJ«h: &

K) ^dZo ‘‘ J¥h§ (7) Vbo dV©Vo &

M) (2) ^dZo ¶moJoe: {Zdg{V &

B) Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$m{Z &

H$) gámhñ¶ (3) g§ñH¥$VdJ©: ^d{V &

I) {XZñ¶ (9) bmoH$¶mZ‘² AmJÀN>{V &

J) Añ‘mH§$ Hw$Qw>å~§ g§dËgañ¶ (1) n¶©Q>ZmWª JÀN>{V &

K) Ah‘² EH§$ nmR>§ (2) gå¶H²$ nR>m{‘ &

M) df©ñ¶ (4) narjm ^d{V &

100

(AÝVJ©V‘y붑mnZmW©‘²) boIZH$m¡eb‘²

A-dm³¶aMZm {d^³Ë¶Wm©: &

1) àW‘m-{d^p³V: & CXmhaUm{Z -

H$maH§$-H$Vm© H$maH§$-H$‘© 1) A) ~mbH$: Xþ½Y§ {n~{V & (H$V¥©dmÀ¶‘²)
(H$V¥©dmÀ¶‘²) (H$‘©dmÀ¶‘²) Am) d¥jmV² ’$b§ nV{V &

àW‘m 2) ~mbHo$Z íbmoH$: nR>çVo & (H$‘©dmÀ¶‘²)
3) A) gm gm{ZH$m ApñV &

Zm‘{ZX}e: Am) ^maVo {h‘mb¶: Zm‘ nd©V: dV©Vo &

2) {ÛVr¶m-{d^p³V: & CXmhaUm{Z -
1) ~mbH$: Xþ½Y§ {n~{V & (H$‘©)
J‘²(JÀN²>)/ 2) am‘: dZ§ JÀN>{V / ¶m{V &
$H$maH§$-H$‘© ¶m 3) ¶mMH$: Z¥n§ YZ§ ¶mMVo &
4) dËg: YoZw§ à{V Ymd{V &
¶mM² 5) Ob§ {dZm OrdZ‘² Ae³¶‘² &
6) embm‘² A{^V: d¥jm: gpÝV &
C^¶V: {ÛVr¶m 7) nwîn§ n[aV: ^«‘am: JwÄOpÝV &
n[aV: 8) ‘mJ©‘² C^¶V: joÌm{U gpÝV &
à{V

A{^V: {dZm

3) V¥Vr¶m-{d^p³V: &

{dZm

H$maH§$-H$Vm© gh/gmH$‘²/
(H$‘©dmÀ¶‘²) gmY©‘²/g‘‘²

H$maH§$-H$aU‘² Ab‘²

V¥Vr¶m
CXmhaUm{Z -
1) amHo$e: hñVoZ {bI{V & (H$aU‘²)
2) JUoeoZ ‘moXH$m: ImÚÝVo & (H$‘©dmÀ¶‘²)
3) {dÚ¶m {dZm Z ‘moj: &
4) AWd©: {‘ÌoU gh/gmH§$/gmYª/g‘§ {MÌnQ>§
ní¶{V &
5) Ab§ H$monoZ &

101

4) MVwWu-{d^p³V: & CXmhaUm{Z -
1) A. {ejH$: N>mÌoä¶: kmZ§ ¶ÀN>{V & (gåàXmZ‘²)
H$maH§$- éM²
gåàXmZ‘² H«w$Y² Am. OZm: ^moOZm¶ CnmhmaJ¥h§ JÀN>pÝV &
2) ewH$m¶ Xm{S>‘§ amoMVo &
Z‘: Hw$n² 3) OZZr nwÌm¶ H«w$ܶ{V /Hw$߶{V &
MVwWu 4) ¶‘: Z{MHo$Vgo da̶§ à{Ve¥Umo{V &
5) {nVm‘hr ~mbHo$ä¶: H$Wm§ H$W¶{V &
ñn¥h² 6) ewH$: Xm{S>‘m¶ ñn¥h¶{V &
7) emaXm¶¡ Z‘: &
H$W² à{V + lw
CXmhaUm{Z -
5) n#m‘r-{d^p³V: & 1)A. H¥$frdb: joÌmV² J¥h‘² AmJÀN>{V & (AnmXmZ‘²)

H$maH§$- {d+a‘² aj² Am. d¥jmV² ’$b§ nV{V &
AnmXmZ‘² n#m‘r {dZm 2) g‚mZm: gËH$m¶m©V² Z {da‘pÝV &
~{h: 3) g¡{ZH$m: eÌwä¶: Xoe§ ajpÝV &
F$Vo 4) kmZmV² {dZm Za: Z emo^Vo &
5) ZJamX² ~{h: CÚmZ§ dV©Vo &
6) fð>r-{d^p³V: & 6) YZmV² F$Vo OrdZ§ H${R>Z‘² &

gå~ÝYdmMH$: H¥$Vo g‘rno CXmhaUm{Z -
AY:/Cn[a nwaV:/n¥ð>V: 1) am‘ñ¶ ^«mVm bú‘U: & (gå~ÝYdmMH$:)
fð>r 2) ~mbmZm§ H¥$Vo {ejU‘² Amdí¶H$‘² &
3) J¥hñ¶ g‘rno dmMZmb¶: dV©Vo &
dm‘V:/ 4) nmR>embm¶m: nwaV: H«$sS>m“U§ dV©Vo &
X{jUV: 5) J¥hñ¶ n¥ð>V: nd©V: ApñV &
6) am‘ñ¶ dm‘V: grVm X{jUV: bú‘U: M dV©Vo &
7) gá‘r-{d^p³V: & 7) d¥jñ¶ AY: ewZH$: Cn{de{V &
8) d¥jñ¶ Cn[a ‘H©$Q>: dg{V &
H$maH§$- pñZh²
A{YH$aU‘² CXmhaUm{Z -
1) A. nwñVH§$ ñ¶yVo ApñV & (A{YH$aU‘²)
gá‘r
Am. nwñVH$‘² CËnr{R>H$m¶m‘² ApñV &
{d + V¦-Va² B. Ah§ nwʶnÎmZo dgm{‘ &
B©. g: OyZ ‘mgo àW‘o gámho AmJ{‘î¶{V &
2) ‘mVm nwÌo pñZø{V &
3) ‘w»¶mܶmnH$: N>mÌofw nm[aVmo{fH$m{U {dVa{V &

102

boIZH$m¡ebmWª ì¶mH$aUÑîQ>çm ¶mo½¶m dm³¶aMZm Ano{jVm & boIZ{Z¶‘mZm§ nmbZ‘{n Amdí¶H$‘² &
dm³¶aMZm¶m: {Z¶‘mZ² gå¶J²$ AYr˶ ñd¶§ dm³¶m{Z {Z‘m©Vw§ à¶VÜd‘² &

nwZ:ñ‘maU‘²&

dm³¶{Z‘m©U‘²

narjmWª {ZYm©[aVm{Z A춶m{Z
à{V, {dZm, A{^V:, n[aV:, C^¶V:, gh/gmY©‘²/gmH$‘²/g‘‘², Ab‘², Z‘:, ~{h:, F$Vo,

H¥$Vo, g‘rno, nwaV:, n¥ð>V:, AY:, Cn[a, dm‘V:, X{jUV:

1) {d{eï>{d^ºo$: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

1. n[aV: d¥jm: gpÝV & (gag²)

2. am‘: gh/g‘§/gmH§$/gmY©‘²/bL²>H$m JÀN>{V (hZw‘V²)

3. {dZm {Zem/Z emo^Vo & (em{eZ²)

4. Z‘: & (~«÷Z², ¶mo{JZ², e{º$‘V², n¶mo‘wM², F$pËdO²)

5. Ah§ ~{h: JÀN>m{‘ & (gX²‘Z²)

6. F$Vo Z ’$bàm{á: & (H$‘©Z²)

7. g‘rno nwñVH$m{Z gpÝV & ({dÚm{W©Z²)

8. H¥$Vo godH$m: l‘mZ² Hw$d©pÝV & (ñdm{‘Z²)

9. Cn[a ¶moÕm Cn{de{V & (dm{OZ²)

10. nwaV: ^º$m: ñVmo̧ Jm¶pÝV & (^JdV²)

narjmWª {ZYm©[aVm: YmVd:
J‘²-JÀN²>, ¶mM², Hw$n², H«w$Y², Xm-¶ÀN², H$W², aj², pñZh², éM², ñn¥h², {d+a‘², {d+V¦, à{V+lw&

2) {d{eï>{d^ºo$: Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &

A) a³Vnwînm{U amoMÝVo & (^JdV²) Am) H¥$frdb: AH$W¶V² & (amOZ²)

B) e‘a: H«w$ܶ{V & (Agwa) B©) àOm: pñZøpÝV & (^y^¥V²)

C) Ëd‘² A¶mo½¶mV² {da‘ & (H$‘©Z²) D$) gm¡å¶m ñn¥h¶{V & (òO²)

E) gwöX: Z H«w$ܶÝVw & (gwöX²) Eo) amOm Añ‘mZ² aj{V & (d¡[aZ²)

Amo) g[aV: Aå^: XX{V & (Añ‘X²) Am¡) lr‘ÝV: YZ‘² A¶ÀN>Z² & (Yr‘V²)

boIZ H$m¡ebmWª C n¶wº$m{Z A춶m{Z
gd©gm‘mݶ-A춶m{Z = M, A{n, B{V, Zm‘, Ibw, ZZw, {H$b, AWdm, {H$ÝVw, dm
ñWmZXe©H$-A춶m{Z = AY:, Cn[a, nwaV:, n¥ð>V:, dm‘V:, X{jUV:, AÌ, VÌ, AݶÌ, gd©Ì, EH$Ì
{H«$¶mXe©H$-A춶m{Z = ‘ÝX‘², erK«‘², P{Q>{V, nwZ:, eZ¡:,
àíZmW©H$-A춶m{Z = H$Xm, {H$‘W©‘², Hw$V:, Hw$Ì, H${V, H$W‘²

103

g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX: nwZ:ñ‘maU‘² &

* ñ‘aV {bIV M &

1. 2.

boIZdñVy{Z ’$bm{Z

3. 4.
ned: nwînm{U

dݶm: J«må¶m: 6.
n{jU:
5.
J¥hdñVy{Z 8.
d¥Îm¶:
7.
{H«$¶m:

104

{Z~ÝYboIZ‘²

{Z~ÝYboIZmWª {Z{X©ï>m: {df¶m: - gmonmZH«$‘:
‘‘ {à¶: H${d: &
‘‘ {à¶: IJ: & 1
‘‘ {à¶: ZoVm &
‘‘ {à¶: CËgd: & eãXgL²>J«h: &
‘‘ {ට nwñVH$‘² &
‘‘ {à¶m ^mfm & 2
^maVr¶§ à{gÕ§ ñWb‘² &
{df¶m{Y{ð>Vm:
P 7-8 dm³¶mË‘H$: {Z~ÝY: àým: &
Anoú¶Vo & 3

P 3-4 eãXmË‘H$‘² dm³¶‘² àýmZ² AZwg¥Ë¶
Amdí¶H$‘² & dm³¶m{Z &
4
P AW©nyUm©{Z dm³¶m{Z Ed CÎm‘: àmaå^:
JwUm‘>XmZm¶ JUZr¶m{Z & g‘mamon: M &
P à{VnmÚ: {df¶: Ho$Z H$maUoZ
5
^dVm§ {à¶: B{V bo{IV춑² & g§ñH¥$Vgy³V¶:,
P {Z~ÝYgmonmZm{ZAZwgV©ì¶m{Z & gw^m{fVm{Z &

6
dm³¶mZm‘²
C{MV: H«$‘: &

AdYo¶‘² -
àýn{ÌH$m¶m§ Ho$db§ {df¶ñ¶ {ZX}e: ^doV² ¶Wm "‘‘ {à¶: IJ:' B{V &
‘¶ya:/H$nmoV:/ewH$:/H$mH$:/MQ>H$: dm B{V ¶§ H$‘{n IJ‘{YH¥$˶ {Z~ÝYboIZo N>mÌmUm§
ñdmVÝͶ‘² ApñV &

105

‘‘ {à¶: IJ: - ewH$: &

1. h[aV:, M#my:, a³Vm, dX{V, Xm{S>‘‘², ‘ar{MH$m, njm¡, CÈ>¶Vo, ‘Ywa‘², Jm¶{V, d¥jofw,
{dha{V, ~mbmZm§ {‘Ì‘², IJ:

2. H$: dU©: ? qH$ H$amo{V ? Hw$Ì {Zdg{V ? qH$ qH$ ImX{V ? Vñ‘¡ qH$ qH$ amoMVo ?
H$m{Z d¡{eîQ>çm{Z ? {H$‘Wª {à¶: ?

Vñ¶ dU©: h[aV: & Vñ¶ M#my: a³Vm & g: d¥jñ¶ H$moQ>ao {Zdg{V & AmH$meo {dha{V &

3. g: ‘ar{MH$m: ~rOnya’$b§ M ImX{V & Xm{S>‘§ ewH$m¶ AVrd amoMVo & g: ‘Yþa§ Jm¶{V &

"{dRy> {dRy>' B{V dX{V & ‘Zwî¶eãXmZm‘² AZwH$aU§ H$amo{V &

1) àmaå^: - Añ‘mH§$ gL²>Hw$bo Z¡Ho$ IJm: Ñí¶ÝVo & Vofw ‘‘ {à¶: IJ: ewH$: &

4. 2) g‘mamon: - g: AVrd ‘Zmohmar & Ah§ ewH$m¶ ñn¥h¶m{‘ &

5. gw^m{fV‘² - AmeweãXñ¶ AÝVoZ H$bm¶m: àW‘oZ M &
{dhJmo ¶mo ^doÎmñ¶ dUª erK«§ {ZdoX¶ &&

6. ‘‘ {à¶: IJ: - ewH$: &

AmeweãXñ¶ AÝVoZ H$bm¶m: àW‘oZ M
{dhJmo ¶mo ^doÎmñ¶ dUª erK«§ {ZdoX¶ &&
H$: Ef: IJ: ? Ef: ewH$: & Añ‘mH§$ J¥hgL²>Hw$bo Z¡Ho$ IJm: Ñí¶ÝVo &
Vofw ‘‘ {à¶: IJ: ewH$: & Vñ¶ dU©: h[aV: M#my: M a³Vm &
g: d¥jñ¶ H$moQ>ao {Zdg{V & AmH$meo ñdoÀN>¶m {dha{V & g: ‘ar{MH$m:
~rOnya’$b§ M ImX{V & Xm{S>‘§ ewH$m¶ AVrd amoMVo & g: "{dRy> {dRy>' B{V
dX{V ‘Ywa§ Jm¶{V M & ewH$: ‘Zwî¶eãXmZm‘² AZwH$aU‘{n H$amo{V & ¶Wm d¶§
dXm‘: VW¡d g: aQ>{V &
g: AVrd ‘Zmohmar & Ah§ ewH$m¶ ñn¥h¶m{‘ &

106

{MÌdU©Z‘² &

9-10 gmhmæ¶H$eãXm: , 4-5 YmVd: &
ñdVÝÌeãXmZm§ YmVyZm‘² A{n Cn¶moJ:
AW©nyUm©{Z n#m-gá dm³¶m{Z

P boIZ§ gwgy̧ ^doV²

ì¶mH$aUXmofa{hV§ ewÕ§ M boIZ‘²
dm³¶§ 3-4 eãXmË‘H$‘² Amdí¶H$‘²
EVX² {M̧ a嶑² &

O ‘ø‘² EVV² {MÌ‘² AVrd amoMVo &

Ho$db§ {ZX}e: ¶Wm -
Efm ZXr/EVX² J¥h‘²

{MÌdU©ZmWª {ZYm©[aVm: {df¶m: &

H¥${fH$m¶©‘², CÚmZ‘², aobñWmZH$‘², ÜdOdÝXZ‘², dfm©H$mb:, {dÚmb¶:, gm¶‘ mb:>, àmV:H$mb:,
{dn{U: EVmZ² {df¶mZ² A{YH¥$˶ Ed {M̧ XmV춑² &

‘oK: IJ:
d¥j:

e¥“‘² nd©V:
~rOm{Z

KÊQ>m d¥f^: H¥$fH$:

H¥$fH$nËZr
{Ì’$U:
joÌ‘²

~rOnmÌ‘²

(‘ÄOyfm - dn{V, gå^mfVo, Mb{V, S>¶Vo, ZX{V)
gmhmæ¶H$eãXm: Ho$db§ àW‘m{d^³Vm¡ gpÝV & {MÌdU©ZmW©‘² Cn¶w³Vm{Z YmVwê$nm{U A{n àW‘nwéfo
EH$dMZo Ed gpÝV & dm³¶ñ¶ AWm©Zwgma§ {d^p³V§, dMZ§ nwéf§ M à¶wÁ¶ dm³¶§ boIZr¶‘² &

107

AmñdmX-CnmhmaJ¥h‘² dm¶wH$mof:
gyX:

{dH«o$Vm

‘{hbm ^madmhH$: J«mhH$:

(‘ÄOyfm - XXm{V, J¥†m{V, Z¶{V, {dH«$sUrVo, ñdrH$amo{V, dh{V, nM{V)
N>Ì‘²

H$ÝXþH$:

{h‘Xþ½Y‘²

{ÛM{H«$H$m
AmgZ‘²

(‘ÄOyfm - ní¶{V, H«$sS>{V, Ymd{V,

ewZH$: {jn{V, Z¶{V, H«$sUm{V, Oën{V,
Cn{de{V, Mmb¶{V)
MH«$mgZ‘²

108

(AÝVJ©V‘y붑mnZmW©‘²) g§dmXH$m¡eb‘²

g§dmXH$m¡ebmWª {Z{X©ï>m: [df¶m: -
J¥hg§dmX:/embmg§dmX:/AmnUg§dmX:/ àdmgg§dmX:/H$m¶m©b¶g§dmX:/é½Umb¶g§dmX:/
XÿadmUrg§dmX: &

g§dmXH$m¡ebo Ho$db§ {df¶: {Z{X©ï>: ^doV² & {df¶mZwgma§ 2-3 H$mën{ZH$nmÌmUm§ M¶Z§, àg“ñ¶
dU©Z§ N>mÌ¡: H$V©ì¶‘² & g§ñH¥$Vg§dmXmZm‘² CƒmaUo {deof‘² AdYmZ§ XmV춑² & A{^Z¶: A{n
Amdí¶H$: &

¶Wm J¥hg§dmXo ‘mVm-nwÌr, AJ«Om - AZwOm, A{V{W: - J¥hñW:, {nVm - nwÌ: B{V nmÌH$ënZm
^{dVw‘² Ah©{V &

J¥hg§dmX: &
nmÌm{U - Ìr{U ({nVm, nwÌ:, {nVm‘h:)
{nVm - A¶o gm¡{‘Ì, ^maV-Am°ñQ´>o{b¶mXoe¶mo: H«$sS>mñnYm© ApñV Ibw ?
nwÌ: - Am‘² VmV &
{nVm‘h: - H$m H«$sS>m, $H$Xm M ?
nwÌ: - nmXH$ÝXþH$H«$sS>mñnYm© dV©Vo AÚ & gm¶§ gádmXZo "ñQ>ma'H«$sS>mdm{hݶm‘² &
{nVm - AñVw V{h© Ah§ H$m¶m©b¶mV² erK«‘² AmJÝVw§ à¶Vo & gm¡{‘Ì, Ëd‘{n erK«§ ñdmܶm¶§ nyUª Hw$é &
{nVm‘h: - gm¡{‘Ì, embm¶m§ narjm H$Xm àma^Vo ? ñdmܶm¶oZ gh ñd¶‘ܶ¶Z‘{n Amdí¶H$‘² &
nwÌ: - g˶‘² & narjm Vw {dbå~oZ ApñV & VWm M Ah§ {Z¶{‘Vê$noU Aܶ¶Z§ H$amo{‘ Ed &
ZmpñV hm{Z: AÚ H«$sS>mXe©Zo &
{nVm - AñVw & V{h© {Z{üV‘² & AÚ gm¶‘ mbo d¶§ ̶: {‘{bËdm H«$sS>mñnYmª ní¶m‘: &
nwÌ: - VmV, AmJ‘Zg‘¶o é{MaImÚ§ erVno¶§ M AmZ¶Vw & A{n ‘‘ {‘Ìm{U Amˆ¶m{Z?
{nVm‘h: - AW {H$‘² ! gd} {‘{bËdm H«$sS>mZÝX‘² AZw^dm‘: &

AdYo¶‘² -

* {df¶mZwê$n§ nmÌmUm§ M¶Z‘² &
* {df¶g“Vm àg“aMZm &
* àdmhr AW©nyU©: g§dmX: &
* ì¶mH$aUewÕm dm³¶aMZm &
* A{^Z¶g{hVm à^mdnyUm© àñVw{V: &

109

n[a{eï>‘²
(A) VaV‘dmMH$m: &

CÞV: ~mbH$: CÞVVa: ~mbH$: CÞVV‘: ~mbH$:

XrKm© ‘m{nH$m XrK©Vam ‘m{nH$m XrK©V‘m ‘m{nH$m

~¥hV² nwñVH$‘² {deofU‘² ~¥hÎma§ nwñVH$‘² ~¥hÎm‘§ nwñVH$‘²
~bdV²
H«$‘m‘ : gmYw VadmMH$‘² V‘dmMH$‘²
1 ñdmXþ ~bdÎma (~br¶g²) ~bdÎm‘(~{bð>)
2 ñWyb gmYwVa gmYwV‘
3 XrK© ñdmXþVa (ñdmXr¶g²) ñdmXþV‘ (ñdm{Xð>)
4 CÞV ñWybVa ñWybV‘
5 d¥Õ XrK©Va XrK©V‘
6 Aën CÞVVa CÞVV‘
7 àeñ¶ d¥ÕVa (Á¶m¶g²) d¥ÕV‘ (Á¶oð>)
8 AënVa (H$Zr¶g²) AënV‘ (H${Zð>)
9 Jwé àeñ¶Va (lo¶g²) àeñ¶V‘ (loð>)
10 bKw JwéVa (Jar¶g²) JwéV‘ (J[að>)
11 ‘hV² bKwVa (bKr¶g²) bKwV‘ (b{Kð>)
12 gyú‘ ‘hÎma ‘hÎm‘
13 ÑT> gyú‘Va gyú‘V‘
14 ÑT>Va (ÐT>r¶g²) ÑT>V‘ (Ð{T>ð>)

110

1) ‘ܶ‘m AZm{‘H$m¶m: XrK©Vam & 2) ‘ܶ‘m n#m-A“x{bfw XrK©V‘m &
3) nmÊS>dofw ^r‘: ~{bð>: & 4) nmÊS>dofw ¶w{Y{ð>a: Á¶oð>: &
5) {damO: gd©~mbHo$fw ~bdÎm‘: & 6) OZZr OÝ‘^y{‘ü ñdJm©V² A{n Jar¶gr &
7) ^jH$mV² ajH$: lo¶mZ² & 8) ‘Yw eH©$am¶m: ñdmXþVa‘² &

* Va-V‘-Bð>-à˶¶mÝV-{deofUmZm§ ê$nm{U AH$mamÝVm{Z &
AV: Xod-dZ-‘mbmZm§ ê$ngÑem{Z ^dpÝV & B©¶g²-à˶¶mÝV-{deofUmZm§ ê$nm{U g-H$mamÝVm{Z AV:

* nw§{b“o - àW‘m, {ÛVr¶m, gå~moYZ‘² "{dÛg²' eãX‘Zwg¥Ë¶ ^dpÝV &
¶Wm lo¶mZ², lo¶m§gm¡, lo¶m§g:-àW‘m &

V¥Vr¶mV: gá‘rn¶©ÝV§ MÝБg²-eãX‘² AZwg¥Ë¶ ê$nm{U ^dpÝV &

* ór{b“o - B©¶g² à˶¶mÝVm{Z "ZXr' eãXdV² ^dpÝV & ¶Wm-ào¶g²-ào¶gr & Jar¶g²-Jar¶gr &
Bð> à˶¶mÝVm{Z "‘mbm' eãXdV² ^dpÝV & ¶Wm-H${Zð>-H${Zð>m & ~{bð>-~{bð>m &

* Znw§gH${b“o - B©¶g² - à˶¶mÝVm{Z "n¶g²' eãXdV² ^dpÝV&
¶Wm - lo¶g²-lo¶: lo¶gr lo¶m§{g&
Bð> - à˶¶mÝVm{Z "dZ' eãXdV² ^dpÝV&

¶Wm - loð>-loð>‘² loð>o loð>m{Z&

(Am) Zm‘YmVw:$ &

‘YwZm {g#m¶oV² {Zå~‘² & MÝБm: {dœ§
{H$ÝVw {Zå~: ‘Ywa: Z ^d{V & Ydb§ H$am{o V &
‘YwZm {g#m¶oV² {Zå~‘² & MÝБm: {dœ§
{H$ÝVw {Zå~: Z ‘Ywam¶Vo & Ydb¶{V &

àmgmX{eIañWmo@{n ¶Ì d¥jm: Z gpÝV &
H$mH$: JéS>: Z ^d{V & VÌ EaÊS>: A{n Бþ : ^d{V &
àmgmX{eIañWmo@{n ¶Ì d¥jm: Z gpÝV &
H$mH$: Z JéS>m¶Vo & VÌ EaÊS>: A{n Ðþ‘m¶Vo &

EVm{Z Zm‘V:/{deofUV: [Z{‘©Vm{Z {H«$¶mnXm{Z &

~{Ya¶{V H$U©{dda§ dmM§ ‘yH$¶{V Z¶Z‘ÝY¶{V &
{dH¥$V¶{V Jm̶qï> gånÐmoJmo@¶‘ØþVmo bmoHo$ &&

111

(B) pÀd-ê$nm{U &

H¥$îUrH$amo{V, YdbrH$amo{V, ñnï>rH$amo{V, ‘{bZr^d{V, bKyH$amo{V B˶mXr{Z pÀd-ê$nm{U &

VW¡d = ’o$ZH$: dó§ ñdÀN>rH$amo{V &
’o$ZH$: AñdÀN>§ dó§
VWm + Ed ñdÀN>§ H$amo{V, B{V AW©: &

Yy{bH$U¡: ¶wVH§$ ‘{bZr^d{V &
Yy{bH$U¡: A‘{bZ§ ¶wVH§$
‘{bZ§ ^d{V, B{V AW©: &
{ejH$: eãX§ ñnï>rH$amo{V &
{ejH$: Añnï>§ eãX§
ñnï>§ H$amo{V, B{V AW©: &

{deofU‘² + pÀd-à˶¶: + H¥$/^y YmVwê$nm{U = "pÀd'-ê$n‘² &
* H¥$îUrH$amo{V - AH¥$îU§ H¥$îU§ H$amo{V &
nydª H¥$îU§ Z AmgrV² & AYþZm H¥$îU§ H$amo{V/ H¥$îUËd§ àmßZmo{V &
Ed§, ¶m pñW{V: nydª ZmgrV² VWm ZyVZm§ pñWqV H$amo{V/àmßZmo{V VÌ "pÀd'ê$n§ à¶wÁ¶Vo &

eVeVH$mo{Q>eaV²n¶©ÝV‘² & àdhVmV² g§ñH¥$V-‘ÝXm{H$Zr

àdhVmV² g§ñH¥$V-‘ÝXm{H$Zr &&Y¥.&& nR>V-~moYV
AkmVm ¶ñ¶m J“moÌr B{Vhmgñ¶ Z ¶ÌmpñV J{V: & AmYw{ZH$: _hmH${d: S>m°. JOmZZ

n[aUV§ ’$b‘² AZm{X: lw{V: ¶Ëàgd: gm ^maVdmUr &&1&& ~miH¥$îU nigwbo _hm^mJ: ‘hmamîQ´>o

{gÝYwewVwÐrgañdVrZm§ VQ>o F$frUm§ ܶmZnamUm‘² & gmVmam ZJao OmV: & ì¶mH$aUemñÌ{df¶o

hmo‘Yy‘nm{dVbmoH$mZm‘² A{Ì^¥JyUm§ N>ÝXmodmUr &&2&& VWm ^mfmemñÌ{df¶o à^yV§ g§emoYZ§ boIZ§
"H$ñËd§ H$mo@h§' àíZnamUm‘² AmË‘VÎdXe©ZmoËgwH$mZm‘² &
¶mkd볶‘w{ZOZH$mXrZm§ VÎd‘gr{V ~«÷dm{XZr &&3&& M H¥$V§ ‘hmoX¶oZ & Ìr{U ZmQ>H$m{Z, Ûo

dmë‘r{H$‘w{Zì¶mg{da{MVm am‘H¥$îU¶mo: nmdZJmWm & M[aVo, "d¡Zm¶H$‘²' B{V àoaH§$ ‘hmH$m춑²
AIÊS>Xrnmo ^JdÒrVm H$‘©¶moJgÝXoeXm{¶Zr &&4&&
B˶ñ¶ J«ÝWgånX² & à{gÕmZm§ ‘amR>r -
‘oKXÿVemHw$ÝVbaKw{^: CÎmaam‘{H$amVHw$‘ma¡: &
H$m{bXmg^d^y{Và‘wI¡: H¥${V{d^yfUm ‘Ywa^m{fUr &&5&& ZmQ>çH$mì¶mZm§ gag: gab: M AZwdmX:
nm{U{ZgÑe¡: ñVmoÌJm¶H¡$: ^moO‘å‘Q>m{X{^^y©fH¡$: &
e‘ am{X{^ñVÎd{MÝVH¡$: XÎmdÝXZm dm³g‘«mkr &&6&& A{n H¥$V: AZoZ &

Z¡H¡$: nwañH$ma¡: ^y{fV: A¶§

am{ï´>`npÊS>V: amï´>n{VnwañH$maoUm{n

gå‘m{ZV: & Añ_¡ npÊS>Vloð>m` Z_: &

B¶‘ñ‘mH§$ Y‘©^maVr amï´>¡³¶ñ¶ M ‘hVr ñ’y${V©: &

{dZm g§ñH¥$V§ Z¡d g§ñH¥${V: Bhm‘wÌH$ë¶mUH$m[aUr &&7&&

nwqï> Vwqï> g‘mdhÝVr Or{dVnwîn§ {dH$mg¶ÝVr &

{díd‘“b§ ’$b§ ’$bÝVr H$mo{Q>H$mo{Q>eaËn¶©ÝV‘² àdhVmV² g§ñH¥$V‘ÝXm{H$Zr &&8&&

- S>m°. JOmZZ ~miH¥$îU nigwbo

112

(AÝVJ©V‘y붑mnZmW©‘²) eãXH$mof: & (nmR>mZwgma‘²)

{ejH$ñ¶/eãXH$mofñ¶ gmhmæ¶oZ ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m eãXmWª {bIV &

1. AmÚH¥$fH$: n¥Wwd¡Ý¶: & ‘{h‘m
ga{gO‘²
MmaUm: gÙ
ñVdZ‘² AÜdm
{Z:ñn¥hVm loð>r
bwÊR>H$: gmW©dmh:
I{ZÌ‘² Ym‘
Hw$ÔmbH$‘²
hb‘² AU©d:
b{dÌ‘² 5. g Ed na‘mUw: &
Cd©am gyú‘o{jH$m
AJ«Ur: ‘hmZg:
A{^{f³V: AVrpÝж:
{ZH¥$ï>‘² {Zad¶d:
dñVwOmV‘² {Z˶:
g§ñH$aU‘² ì¶mdV©H$:
2. ì¶gZo {‘Ìnarjm & ‘ar{M:
AmJÝVw: aO:
joÌn{V: 6. ¶w½‘‘mbm &
nme: {ZKf©U‘²
{Z^¥V‘² lwV‘²
bJwS>: ûcm¿¶:
àXmofH$mb: {ZañV:
3. gyp³VgwYm & {H${#mÁk:
àÀN>Þ‘² ‘X:
Jwᑲ gH$memV²
n{WZ² (A{Z¶{‘V:) A{Vd³Vm
MaU{dH$b: H$m§ñ¶‘²
g§h{V: 7. g§ñH¥$VZmQ>çñV~H$: &
XÝVr gm¶H$:
amg^:
{Zambå~: g{‘Y²
4. A‘y붧 H$‘b‘² & CnamoY:
VS>mJ: àJ«h:
ì¶mo‘ dmOr
eH$[Q>H$m

113

F${Õ: H$dMr
à{Vdo{eH$: {jà‘²
A{dhm nVJgÎm‘:
XmaH$: ‘w³Vm‘{U:
AmV©ÌmU‘² am¡ÐH$‘©
AZmJm: 12. Am{XeL²>H$amMm¶©: &
AmЩn¥ð>m: CnZrV:
8. dmMZàe§gm & {da³V:
H$mbjon: Eo{hH$‘²
An^mfU‘² ZH«$:
9. YoZmoì¶m©K«: nbm¶Vo & ‘{bZH$m¶:
nÌH«$sS>m 13. {MÌH$m춑² &
{dkmnZ‘² Xmam:
M‘y: Aå^moX:
gå‘X©: Amew
nQ>‘ÊS>n: àH¥${V:
{ZK¥©U‘² Mbm
CÎm‘m“‘² ‘I:
CnMman{Å>H$m 14. à{VnX§ g§ñH¥$V‘² &
Cnhmg: àVrjmb¶:
Ma‘{~ÝXþ: ‘mZì¶{dÚm
10. ZXrgy³V‘² emoY{Z~ÝY:
gy³V‘² ^mfm{díbofH$:
{dà: Ame¶gånmXH$:
JmYm d¥{Îm:
Obm¡K: {deofmh©Vm
d¥Ì: 15. ‘mZdVmY‘©: &
dO«‘² EH$s^y¶
A{Yjon: AmË‘m¡n嶑²
d§eO: Aä¶wX¶H¥$V²
‘˶©: lo¶ñH$a:
Adkm
O{ZÌ‘² 114
11. OQ>m¶wem¡¶©‘² &
J¥Y«:
d¡Xohr
YÝdr

ê$n‘² YmVw:, JU:, nX‘² YmVwê$nm{U & bQ²>, à.nw., E.d.
ñVmoVì¶: ñVw (2 C.n.) ñVm¡{V/ñVwVo
ê$nn[aM¶: YmËdW©: ¶VVo
{ZXYm{V/ {ZYÎmo
¶Vñd ¶V² (1 Am.n.) {ZXYm{V/ {ZYÎmo
dn{V
{Z{hVm{Z {Z + Ym (3 C.n.) {dbg{V
ní¶{V
{ZYm¶ {Z + Ym (3 C.n.)
^«‘{V
AdnZ² dn² (1 n.n.) AdbmoH$¶{V/Vo
AmñVo
ì¶bgZ² {d + bg² (1 n.n.) gåní¶{V
({UOÝV‘²- gÝXe©¶{V/Vo)
ní¶Z² Ñe²-ní¶² (1 n.n.) ñVãYrH$amo{V

^«‘Z² ^«‘² (1 n.n.) nbm¶Vo
{d‘w#m{V
Adbmo{H$V: Ad+bmoH²$ (10 C.n.) à{dMb{V
¶ÀN>{V
AmñVo Amg² (2 Am.n.) ({UOÝV‘²-¶‘¶{V/Vo)
{^Z{Îm/{^ÝVo
gÝXe©¶ g‘² + Ñe²-ní¶² {N>Z{Îm/{N>ÝVo
(1 n.n.) {UOÝV‘² ñ‘¶{V/Vo
{dH$g{V
ñVãYrH¥$˶ ñVãY+H¥$ (8 C.n.) n¥ÀN>{V
pÀdê$n‘² {d‘¥e{V
AnojVo
nbm{¶î¶go nam + A¶² (1 Am.n.) emå¶{V
Ðþ‘m¶Vo
춑w#mV² {d+‘wM²-‘w#m² (6 C.n.) drjVo
à{Vg§ha{V/Vo
à{dMbpÝV à+{d+Mb² (1 n.n.)
{dZwX{V
¶{‘Vm: ¶‘²-¶ÀN²> (1 n.n.) ({UOÝV‘²-{dZmoX¶{V/Vo)
{UOÝV‘² Cngn©{V
n[a^d{V
{^ÝÚmV² {^X² (7 C.n.)

{N>ÝÚmV² {N>X² (7 C.n.)

ñ‘¶‘mZ‘² pñ‘-ñ‘¶² (1 Am.n.)

ì¶H$gV² {d + H$g² (1 n.n.)

n¥ÀN>ÝV‘² àÀN²>-n¥ÀN²> (6 n.n.)

춑¥eV² {d + ‘¥e² (6 n.n.)

Anoj‘mU: An + B©j² (1 Am.n.)

emå¶oV² e‘²-em‘² (4 n.n.)

Ðþ‘m¶Vo Ðþ‘ (Zm‘YmVw:)

drú¶ {d + B©j² (1 Am.n.)

à{Vg§ha à{V+g‘²+ö-ha²
(1 C.n.)

{dZmoX¶m{‘ {d + ZwX² (6 n.n.)
{UOÝV‘²

Cng{n©î¶m{‘ Cn+g¥n²-gn©² (1 n.n.)

n[a^d{V n[a+^y-^d² (1 n.n.)

115

ê$n‘² YmVw:, JU:, nX‘² ê$nn[aM¶: YmËdW©: bQ²>, à.nw., E.d.
ly¶Vm‘² lw-e¥ (5 n.n.) H$‘©{U e¥Umo{V
{ej¶pÝV {ej² (1 Am.n.) {ejVo
{UOÝV‘² ({UOÝV‘² - {ej¶{V/Vo)
l¶oV² {l-l¶² (1 C.n.) l¶{V/Vo
d«{UVm¡ d«U² (10 n.n.) d«U¶{V
ZmQ>¶V: ZQ²> (1 n.n.) {UOÝV‘² ZQ>{V({UOÝV‘²-ZmQ>¶{V/Vo)
n[aÌm¶Vm‘² n[a+Ì¡- Ìm¶² (1 Am.n.) n[aÌm¶Vo
ñVm¡{V ñVw (2 C.n.) ñVm¡{V/ñVwVo
ñdënr^dVw ñdën + ^y-^d² ñdënr^d{V
(1 n.n.) pÀdê$n‘²
àgrX à + gX²-grX² (1n.n.) àgrX{V
àrU¶ÝV: àr (9 n.n.) {UOÝV‘² àrUm{V
({UOÝV‘²-àrU¶{V/Vo)
{ZdV©¶ {Z+d¥V²-dV©² (1Am.n.) {ZdV©Vo
({UOÝV‘²) ({UOÝV‘² - {ZdV©¶{V/Vo)
{dJh©¶oV² {d + Jh©² (10 C.n.) {dJh©¶{V/Vo
AnmoW¶V² nwW² (4 n.n.) nw϶{V
{UOÝV‘² ({UOÝV‘² - nmoW¶{V/Vo)
ApÀN>ZV² {N>X² (7 C.n.) {N>Z{Îm/{N>ÝVo
Anga An+g¥-ga² (1 n.n.) Anga{V
n¶©Q>Z² n[a + AQ>² (1 n.n.) n¶©Q>{V
à{Vlw˶ à{V + lw (5 n.n.) à{Ve¥Umo{V
ZmX¶Vo ZX² (1 n.n.) {UOÝV‘² ZX{V({UOÝV‘²-ZmX¶{V/Vo)
AmЩ¶pÝV AmЩ (Zm‘YmVw:) AmЩ¶{V
g¥V: g¥-ga² (1 n.n.) ga{V
eoVo er (2 Am.n.) eoVo
‘ob¶m{‘ {‘b² (6 C.n.) {UOÝV‘² {‘b{V/Vo
({UOÝV‘² - ‘ob¶{V/Vo)
A{^‘Vm A{^+‘Z² (4 Am.n.) A{^‘ݶVo
àñVmoVw‘² à + ñVw (2 C.n.) àñVm¡{V/àñVwVo
g‘m{lVm: g‘²+Am+{l -l¶² g‘ml¶{V/Vo
(1 C.n.)
e§gpÝV e§g² (1 n.n.) e§g{V
ì¶mßZmo{V {d + Amn² (5 n.n.) ì¶mßZmo{V

AdYo¶‘² -YmËdW©: ê$nn[aM¶: M N>mÌ¡: {ejH$ñ¶/eãXH$mofñ¶ gmhmæ¶oZ boIZr¶: &

116

H$ÊR>ñWrH$aUmW©‘² & A‘aH$mof: & {dJ«h: &

amOm - amOm amQ²> nm{W©d: ú‘m^¥Þ¥n^yn‘hr{jV: & amOm, amQ²>, nm{W©d:, ú‘m^¥V², Z¥n:, ^yn:, ‘hr{jV² &

^y{‘: - JmoÌm Hw$: n¥{Wdr n¥Ïdr ú‘m@d{Z‘}{XZr ‘hr & JmoÌm, Hw$:,n¥{Wdr,n¥Ïdr,ú‘m,Ad{Z:,‘o{XZr,‘hr &

H¥$fH$: - joÌmOrd: H$f©H$ü H¥${fH$ü H¥$frdb: & joÌmOrd:, H$f©H$:, H¥${fH$:, H¥$frdb: &

‘¥J: - ‘¥Jo Hw$a“dmVm¶wh[aUm{OZ¶moZ¶: & ‘¥J:, Hw$a“:, dmVm¶w:, h[aU:, A{OZ¶mo{Z: &

H$mH$: - H$mHo$ Vw H$aQ>m[aï>~{bnwï>gH¥$ËàOm: & H$mH$:, H$aQ:, A[aï>:, ~{bnwï>:, gH¥$ËàO: &

e¥Jmb: - e¥Jmbd#mwH$H«$moï¥>’o$é’o$adOå~wH$m: & e¥Jmb:, d#mwH$:, H«$moï>m, ’o$é:, ’o$ad:, Oå~wH$: &
{‘Ì‘² - d¶ñ¶: pñZ½Y: gd¶m AW {‘̧ gIm gwöV² & d¶ñ¶:, pñZ½Y:, gd¶m:, {‘Ì‘², gIm, gwöV² &

dZ‘²- AQ>ì¶aʶ§ {d{nZ§ JhZ§ H$mZZ§ dZ‘² & AQ>dr, Aaʶ‘², {d{nZ‘², JhZ‘², H$mZZ‘², dZ‘²&

Jéw : - Cnmܶm¶m@o ܶmnH$m@o W ñ¶m{ÞfHo $m{XH$¥ XJ² éw : & Cnmܶm¶:, AܶmnH$:, {ZfoH$m{XH¥$V², Jwé: &
bú‘r: - bú‘r: nÙmb¶m nÙm H$‘bm lrh©[a{à¶m & bú‘r:, nÙmb¶m, nÙm, H$‘bm, lr:, h[a{à¶m &
a{d: - ^mZwhªg: ghòm§ewñVnZ: g{dVm a{d: & ^mZw:, h§g:, ghòm§ew:, VnZ:, g{dVm, a{d: &
Z^: - Z^mo@ÝV[aj§ JJZ‘ZÝV§ gwadË‘© I‘² &
Z^:, AÝV[aj‘², JJZ‘², AZÝV‘², gwadË‘©, I‘² &
H$‘b‘² - ghòņ H$‘b§ eVņ Hw$eoe¶‘² & ghònÌ‘², H$‘b‘², eVnÌ‘², Hw$eoe¶‘² &
VS>mJ: - nÙmH$añVS>mJmo@>ór H$mgma: gagr ga: & nÙmH$a:, VS>mJ:, H$mgma:, gagr, ga: &
~wÕ: - gd©k: gwJVmo ~wÕmo Y‘©amOñVWmJV: & gd©k:, gwJV:, ~wÕ:, Y‘©amO:, VWmJV: &
H$ZH$‘² - ñdUª gwdUª H$ZH§$ {haʶ§ ho‘ hmQ>H$‘² & ñdU©‘², gwdU©‘², H$ZH$‘², {haʶ‘², ho‘, hmQ>H$‘² &
nmXn: - d¥jmo ‘hréh: emIr {dQ>nr nmXnñVé: & d¥j:, ‘hréh:, emIr, {dQ>nr, nmXn:, Vé: &

Za: - ‘Zwî¶m ‘mZwfm ‘˶m© ‘ZwOm ‘mZdm Zam: & ‘Zwî¶m:, ‘mZwfm:, ‘˶m©:, ‘ZwOm:, ‘mZdm:, Zam: &

YoZw: - ‘mho¶r gm¡a^o¶r Jm¡éòm‘mVm M e¥{“Ur & ‘mho¶r, gm¡a^o¶r, Jm¡:, Còm, ‘mVm, e¥{“Ur &

g¡{ZH$: - ^Q>m ¶moYmü ¶moÕma: goZmajmñVw g¡{ZH$m: & ^Q>m:, ¶moYm:, ¶moÕma:, goZmajm:, g¡{ZH$m: &

‘ñVH$‘²-CÎm‘m“§ {ea: erfª ‘yYm© Zm ‘ñVH$mo@{ó¶m‘² & CÎm‘m“‘², {ea:, erf©‘², ‘yYm©, ‘ñVH$: &

ZXr - Va{“Ur e¡d{bZr V{Q>Zr õm{XZr YwZr & Va{“Ur, e¡d{bZr, V{Q>Zr, õm{XZr, YwZr &
J“m, {dîUwnXr, O•þVZ¶m, gwa{ZåZJm &
J“m- J“m {dîUwnXr O•þVZ¶m gwa{ZåZJm &
‘oK:  YmamYamo ObYañV{S>ËdmZ² dm[aXmo@å~w^¥V² & YmamYa:, ObYa:, V{S>ËdmZ², dm[aX:, Aå~w^¥V²&
amoJhmar, AJX‘ma:, {^fH²$, d¡Ú:, {M{H$ËgH$: &
d¡Ú: - amoJhm¶©JX‘mamo {^f½d¡Úm¡ {M{H$ËgHo$ &
e‘a:  eå^ware: newn{V: {ed: eybr ‘hoœa: & eå^w:, B©e:, newn{V:, {ed:, eybr, ‘hoœa: &
nmd©Vr - AnUm© nmd©Vr XþJm© ‘¥S>mZr MpÊS>H$mpå~H$m & AnUm©, nmd©Vr, XþJm©, ‘¥S>mZr, MpÊS>H$m, Apå~H$m &
Ob‘² - n¶: H$sbmb‘‘¥V§ OrdZ§ ^wdZ§ Ob‘² & n¶:, H$sbmb‘², A‘¥V‘², OrdZ‘², ^wdZ‘², Ob‘² &
YZ‘² - Ð춧 {dÎm§ ñWmnVo¶§ [aŠW‘¥ŠW§ YZ§ dgw: & Ð춑², {dÎm‘², ñWmnVo¶‘², [aŠW‘², F$ŠW‘², YZ‘²,

dgw: &

nwÌ: - AmË‘OñVZ¶: gyZw: gwV: nwÌ: {ó¶m§ Ëd‘r & AmË‘O:, VZ¶:, gyZw:, gwV:, nwÌ: &

erK«‘² - gËda§ Mnb§ VyU©‘{dbpå~V‘mew M & gËda‘², Mnb‘², VyU©‘², A{dbpå~V‘², Amew &

npÊS>V: - Yramo ‘Zrfr k: àmk: gL²>»¶mdmZ² npÊS>V: Yra:, ‘Zrfr, k:, àmk:, gL²>»¶mdmZ² npÊS>V:,

H${d: & H${d:&

OJV² - {ÌîdWmo OJVr bmoHo$ {dï>n§ ^wdZ§ OJV² OJVr, bmoH$:, {dï>n‘², ^wdZ‘², OJV² &
‘{hbm - ór ¶mo{fX“Zm ¶mofm Zmar gr‘pÝVZr dYy: & ór, ¶mo{fV², A“Zm, ¶mofm, Zmar, gr‘pÝVZr, dYy: &
{nVam¡ - Aå~mW OZZr ‘mVm VmVñVw OZH$: {nVm & Aå~m, OZZr, ‘mVm, VmV:, OZH$:, {nVm &

117

Xe‘r H$jm - H¥${Vn{ÌH$m¶m: àmê$n‘² &

g‘¶: - hmoam̶‘² {df¶: g§ñH¥$V‘² (gånyU©‘²) JwUm‘ m: 80
1Ñ4=4
àW‘: {d^mJ: - gwJ‘g§ñH¥$V‘² (08)

1) A) {M̧ ÑîQ‰>m Zm‘m{Z {bIV & (5 V: 4) (Ho$db§ Xe‘rH$jm-{MÌnXH$mofV: &)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Am) gL²>»¶m: Aja¡:/A‘¡: {bIV & (3 V: 2) (n¥. H«$. 7 AmYmaoU) 1Ñ2=2
1
B) g‘¶-ñVå^‘obZ§ Hw$éV & (n¥. H«$.4, 5 AmYmaoU) 2 Ñ 4 = 2

{ÛVr¶: {d^mJ: - JÚ‘² & (20)

2) A) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (80-100 eãX¶w³V: JÚm§e: XmVì¶:) 7

Am) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & 7
H¥$V¶: -

1. Ad~moYZ‘² & (4 V: 3) 1Ñ3=3

H$) C{MV§ H$maU§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & /

C{MV§ n¶m©¶§ {MËdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV & ([a³VñWmZÛ¶§ àï>춑²) 1 Ñ 2
2
I) H$: H§$ dX{V? (g§dmXmË‘H$-nmR>mZ² dO©{¶Ëdm)

J) nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

K) dm³¶§ nwZ{b©{IËdm g˶‘²/Ag˶‘² B{V {bIV &

M) Ef: JÚm§e: H$ñ‘mV² nmR>mV² CÕ¥V: ?

N>) A‘aH$mofmV² eãX§ ¶moO{¶Ëdm dm³¶§ nwZ{b©IV &
(AYmoao{IV-eãX: àW‘m {d^º$m¡ Ed ^doV² &)

2. eãXkmZ‘² & (3 V: 2) 2

H$) 2 YmVwgm{YV-A춶o/{d^³Ë¶ÝVnXo {MËdm {bIV & 1 Ñ 2
2
(ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝV/Vw‘ÝV B{V ñnï>: C„oI: Amdí¶H$: &)

I) àíZ{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV & (AYmoaoIZ‘² Amdí¶H$‘² &) 1 Ñ 1

J) {deofU§-{deo² & (H¥$V¶: - ‘obZ§ Hw$éV/M¶Z§ Hw$éV/ MVwW©nX§ {bIV &) 1 Ñ2
2
K) gpÝY: &
1
(nyd©nX§ {bIV= 2 Ñ2, CÎmanX§ {bIV 1 Ñ2, {dJ«h§ {bIV 1 Ñ 1,
2
MVwW©nX§ {bIV 1 Ñ 1 )

M) bH$ma§ {bIV & 1 Ñ 1 (AYmoaoIZ‘² Amdí¶H$‘² &)

3. n¥W¸$aU‘² & 1 Ñ 4 = 2
(JÚm§e: A) KQ>Zm: H«$‘oU ¶moO¶V & 2

(JÚm§e: Am) aoIm{MÌ‘² & (OmbaoIm/d¥jaoIm/àdm{h-Omb‘²/ñVå^nyaU‘²/eãXno{Q>H$m) 

B) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm gabmWª {bIV & (2 V: 1) 1 Ñ 4 = 4

(4-5 dm³¶mË‘H$: JÚm§e: XmVì¶: &)

(ZmQ>çñV~H$:, ZXrgy³V‘² &)

118

B©) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) (Ho$db§ ñdmܶm¶mYm[aV‘² &) 2 Ñ 1 = 2

V¥Vr¶: {d^mJ: - nÚ‘² & (18)

3) A) nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (8-12 nL²>³V¶: àï>ì¶m: &)$ 4

1. nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>o H¥$Vr Hw$éV & (3 V: 2) 2

H$) nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎma§ {bIV &

1 Ñ 1 = 1

I) nÚm§eV: {deofU§ {MZwV & (H¥$V¶:-‘obZ§ Hw$éV/M¶Z§ Hw$éV/MVwW©nX§ {bIV &) 1 Ñ2 = 1
2
J) gpÝY: & 1
1 1
(nyd©nX§ {bIV 2 Ñ2, CÎmanX§ {bIV 2 Ñ2, {dJ«h§ {bIV 1 Ñ 1,

MVwW©nX§ {bIV 1 Ñ 1 )

2. aoIm{MÌ‘² & (OmbaoIm/d¥jaoIm/àdm{h-Omb‘²/ñVå^nyaU‘² / eãXno{Q>H$m) 1 Ñ4 2
2
Am) ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m CÎma§ {bIV & (2 V: 1) (ñdmܶm¶mYm[aV‘²) 2 Ñ 1 = 2

B) nÚo ewÕo nyU} M {bIV & (H$, I V: 1, J, K V: 1) 6

1. H$) 4 npL²>³V¶wV§ nÚ‘² AWdm I) 4 npL²>³V¶wV§ nÚ‘² 4

2. J) 2 npL²>³V¶wV§ nÚ‘² AWdm K) 2 npL²>³V¶wV§ nÚ‘² 2

B©) AÝd¶§ nya¶V & (gy{³VgwYmV: VWm ¶w½‘‘mbmV: Ed AÝd¶: àï>ì¶:

{H$ÝVw ûcmoH$: Z XmVì¶: & 4 [a³VñWmZm{Z ^do¶w: &) 1 Ñ4= 2
2
C) gabmWª {bIV & (3 V: 2) (dmMZàe§gm/‘mZdVmY‘©: &) 2 Ñ 2 = 4

MVwW©: {d^mJ: - boIZH$m¡eb‘² & (9) 4
à. 4 A) dm³¶aMZm§ Hw$éV &

1. YmVyZm‘² A춶mZm§ M Cn¶moJ§ H¥$Ëdm dm³¶{Z‘m©U§ Hw$éV & (6 V: 4)

(CnnX{d^p³V:-3 YmVd:, 3 A춶m{Z &) (n¥. H«$. 101, 102, 103)

AWdm

g§ñH¥$VmZwdmX§ Hw$éV & (6 V: 4) 1 Ñ 4 (nyd©n[a{MV ({MÌnXH$mof: B.) eãXmZm§ YmVwgL²>J«hñ¶ M

AmYmaoU 4-6 eãXmË‘H$m{Z dm³¶m{Z àï>ì¶m{Z &)

Am) 5/7 dm³¶mË‘H§$ {Z~ÝY§ {bIV & (3 V: 1) 5

{Z~ÝY: - ‘‘ {à¶: CËgd:/IJ:/H${d:/ZoVm/nwñVH$‘²/{à¶m ^mfm/^maVr¶§ à{gÕ§ ñWb‘²&

AWdm

gmhmæ¶H$-eãXmZm‘² AmYmaoU 5-7 dm³¶mË‘H§$ {MÌdU©Z§ Hw$éV & (n¥. H«$. 108)

n#m‘: {d^mJ: - ^mfmä¶mg: & (17)

5) A) Vm{bH$mny{Vª Hw$éV & 8

1. Zm‘Vm{bH$m & (6 V: 4) 4214))Ñ1221 4 (1, 4, 6, 10 JUV:, Ag², H¥$) 1 Ñ4 2
2. gd©Zm‘Vm{bH$m & (6 V: 2 2
3. {H«$¶mnXVm{bH$m & (6 V: Ñ4 2

Ñ4

(bQ²>/bL²>/bmoQ²>/{d{Y{bL²>/b¥Q²> B{V bH$maV: Ho$@{n 3 àï>ì¶m: &

4. YmVwgm{YV-{deofU-Vm{bH$m & (6 V: 4) (n¥. H«$. 78) 1 Ñ4 2
2

119

Am) {Z{X©ï>m: H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (4 V: 3) 9

1. ¶mo½¶§ ê$n§ {b{IËdm [a³VñWmZny{Vª Hw$éV & (5 V: 3) 1 Ñ 3

(gL²>»¶mdmMH$-H«$‘dmMH$-Amd¥{ÎmdmMH$mZm‘² AmYmaoU 5 dm³¶m{Z &)

2. g‘mgmZm§ Vm{bH$mny{Vª Hw$éV & (5 V: 3) 1 Ñ 3 (^mfmä¶mg-AmYmaoU)

3. g‘mZmW©H$eãXmZ²/{déÕmW©H$eãXmZ² {bIV & (5 V: 3) 1 Ñ 3

4. gyMZmZwgma§ H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (5 V: 3) 1 Ñ 3

H$) dmÀ¶n[adV©Z‘² & (Ho$db§ bQ²>bH$ma: VWm H$‘©{U/H$V©[a-^y.Ym.{d.)

I) ËdmÝV/ë¶~ÝV-A춶§ {ZîH$mg¶V &

J) ñ‘ {ZîH$mg¶V &

K) "Ëd§' ñWmZo "^dmZ²/^dVr' AWdm "^dmZ²/^dVr' ñWmZo "Ëd§' ¶moO¶V &

M) dMZ§/bH$ma§ n[adV©¶V & (AݶbH$maV: {bQ²>bH$mao n[adV©Z‘² Z àï>춑² &)

N>) {UOÝV§ Hw$éV/{ZîH$mg¶V &

fð>: {d^mJ: - An{R>V‘² & (8)

à. 6 A) JÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm H¥$Vr: Hw$éV & (6 V: 4) 1 Ñ 4 4

(60-80 eãX¶wV: gab: JÚm§e: XmVì¶:)

1. nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & 1
2
2. àm{Vn{XH§$ {bIV & (eãXÛ¶‘² Amdí¶H$‘²) Ñ2

3. dm³¶§ nwZ{b©{IËdm g˶‘²/Ag˶‘² B{V {bIV &

4. ‘mܶ‘^mf¶m gabmWª {bIV & (JÚm§eV: 1 dm³¶§ XmV춑² &)

5. {d^³Ë¶ÝVnX‘²/A춶‘²/{H«$¶mnX§ {MZwV {bIV M &

6. H$maH$n[aM¶§ Hw$éV & (AYmoaoIZ‘² Amdí¶H$‘² &)

Am) 1. nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm {Z{X©ï>o H¥$Vr Hw$éV & (Ad~moYZm¶ gabo nÚm§eo XmVì¶o &) 4

H$) nyU©dm³¶oZ CÎmaV & (2 V: 1) 1

I) {deofU-{deoî¶-gå~ÝY:/g‘mZmW©H§$ eãX§/{déÕmW©H§$ eãX§ {bIV & (Ho$db‘² 1) 1

2. nÚm§e§ n{R>Ëdm OmbaoIm{M̧ nya¶V &

(gpÝY{dJ«h§ H¥$Ëdm ûcmoH$: XmVì¶:) (4 [a³VñWmZm{Z) 2

***

AÝVJ©V-‘y붑mnZ‘² & (20 JwUm…)

‘m¡pIH$s narjm & (10 JwUm…) ñdmܶm¶… & (10 JwUm…) 5 Ñ 2 = 10

1. ldUH$m¡eb‘² = àW‘gÌ‘² - ñdmܶm¶ 1=Aä¶mgnÌ‘² 1 d 2

5 dm³¶m{Z (n¥. H«$. 101 , 102 ) 5 JwUm: & 10 JwUmZm§ ñdmܶm¶: boIZr¶: &

AWdm (10 ÷ 2 = 5 JwUm: &)

10 eãXm: (n¥.H«$. 113,114)  5 JwUm: & {ÛVr¶gÌ‘² - ñdmܶm¶ 2= Aä¶mgnÌ‘² 3 d 4

2. ^mfUH$m¡eb‘² = g§dmXm… & 5 JwUm: & 10 JwUmZm§ ñdmܶm¶: boIZr¶: &

(n¥. H«$. 106) (10 ÷ 2 = 5 JwUm: &)

AdYo¶‘²- àmpíZHo$ä¶: Ano{jVm: gyMZm: AÌ h[aVdU}Z XÎmm: &
120