Wonders of the Natural World

NEW

. WONDERS OF THE .

NATUR AL

WORLD

EXPLORE PLANET EARTH’S MOST EPIC INCLU DIN IN CL IN G
NATURAL ENVIRONMENTS U D

G IN
FON.RCAEHTSIINTOANP.AARLK

UDING
L
C

OVER +

100 ECO TRIP

UNIQUE Sustainable transport .
GEOGRAPHICAL Eco-friendly hotels .
DESTINATIONS Responsible trips .
TO DISCOVER

Digital BORNEO NAM BANFF FUJI
Edition IBIA

SECOND EXPLORE THE HABITATS TRAVEL TO EARTH’S FIND PEACE IN YOUR BUCKET LIST
EDITION OF RARE CREATURES EXTREME PLACES REMOTE LOCATIONS DREAMS COME TRUE



WELCOME TO

. WONDERS OF THE .

NATUR AL

WORLD

A’blue marble’ covered in swathes of indigo, green, and gold, our
precious planet is filled with amazing landscapes. Formed by the
forces of nature, Earth’s unique environment includes rainforests
so dense they can only be seen from above, sandy desert oases that have
fostered the world’s oldest civilisations, and gorgeous water features that
look as if they were designed by an artist. For many travellers, the natural
world easily beats man-made landmarks with its diversity, history, and
eye-watering majesty.

However, these monuments to Mother Nature can sometimes be as rare
as the endangered creatures that call them home. The natural environment
is under threat. Climate change means that within 50 years, some of these
amazing sights could disappear, retreating into the past and melting away
from the future.

Thankfully, growing awareness of the climate crisis means much is being
done to save these sights. As humans, our job is to live respectfully and
sustainably, and that includes our travels. This bookazine will not only show
you the wonders of the natural world, it will also demonstrate the most eco-
conscious ways to visit them. Each destination is packed with useful tips and
suggestions, from green modes of transport to the best eco-hotels. Grab
your reusable water bottle and reef-safe sunscreen, and use this bookazine
as a guide to your next sustainable vacation. Let’s get going!



. WONDERS OF THE .

NATUR AL

WORLD

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. CONTENTS .

WELCOME TO A WORLD OF NATURAL WONDERS

10

THE AMERICAS

Contents AMAZON GREAT SAND DUNES HAWAI'I
VOLCANOES
RAINFOREST COLORADO, USA
USA
SOUTH AMERICA 23
32
14 -
EVERGLADES -
- IGUAZU FALLS
ATACAMA FLORIDA, USA
ARGENTINA/BRAZIL
DESERT 24
33
CHILE -
MAMMOTH CAVE -
- LENCOIS
KENTUCKY, USA MARANHENSES
16
25 BRAZIL
-
OMETEPE - 34
CANAIMA
NICARAGUA -
VENEZUELA GALAPAGOS
17
26 ISLANDS
-
THE WAVE - ECUADOR
MANUEL ANTONIO
ARIZONA, USA 35
NATIONAL PARK
18 -
COSTA RICA TORRES
- DEL PAINE
ARCHES 27
CHILE
NATIONAL PARK -
YELLOWSTONE 36
UTAH, USA
USA -
19 LAKE TITICACA
28
- BOLIVIA/PERU
GRAND -
BRYCE CANYON 38
CANYON
UTAH, USA -
ARIZONA, USA GREAT
30 BLUE HOLE
20
- BELIZE
- NIAGARA FALLS
YOSEMITE 39
USA/CANADA
CALIFORNIA, USA
31
22

6

METEOR CRATER CATATUMBO RIO DE JANEIRO
LIGHTNING HARBOUR
ARIZONA, USA
VENEZUELA BRAZIL
40
42 44
-
MONUMENT - -
SALAR DE UYUNI BANFF
VALLEY
BOLIVIA CANADA
ARIZONA/UTAH, USA
43 45
41
EUROPE
JOSTEDALSBREEN
GIANT’S CAUSEWAY DOLOMITI Contents..
NORWAY BELLUNESI
NORTHERN IRELAND
48 ITALY
57
- 66
TATRA -
JUNGFRAU-ALETSCH -
POLAND/SLOVAKIA TABERNAS
SWITZERLAND
50 DESERT
58
- SPAIN
VIKOS-AOOS -
CLIFFS OF MOHER 67
GREECE
IRELAND -
51 IRON
59 GATES
-
TEIDE - SERBIA/ROMANIA
BLUE GROTTO
TENERIFE, SPAIN 68
GREECE
52 -
60 MATTERHORN
-
GEYSIR & - SWITZERLAND
STROKKUR SANTORINI
69
ICELAND GREECE
-
53 61 PYRENEES

- - FRANCE, SPAIN & ANDORRA
THINGVELLIR WIED IL-GHASRI
70
ICELAND MALTA
-
54 62 SVALBARD

- - NORWAY
PLITVICE SAXON SWITZERLAND
71
LAKES GERMANY
-
CROATIA 63 FJORDS

55 - NORWAY
BLACK FOREST
- 72
JURASSIC GERMANY
-
COAST 64 AURORAS

ENGLAND - NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
VERDON GORGE
56 73
FRANCE

65

7

. CONTENTS CONTINUED .

AFRICA & THE MIDDLE EAST

Contents SAHARA THE WADI RUM

DUNES DEAD SEA JORDAN

NORTH AFRICA JORDAN/ISRAEL/WEST BANK 92

76 86 -
OKAVANGO DELTA
- -
EYE OF NAMIB-NAUKLUFT BOTSWANA

THE SAHARA NAMIBIA 93

MAURITANIA 87 -
GREAT RIFT VALLEY
78 -
VICTORIA FALLS EAST AFRICA
-
TSINGY DE ZAMBIA/ZIMBABWE 94

BEMARAHA 88 -
RIVER NILE
MADAGASCAR -
SPITZKOPPE NORTHEAST AFRICA
79
NAMIBIA 96
-
MASAI MARA 89 -
DHOFAR
KENYA -
BWINDI OMAN
80
IMPENETRABLE 97
-
KILIMANJARO FOREST -
BAOBAB AVENUE
TANZANIA UGANDA
MADAGASCAR
84 90
98
- -
WHITE TABLE -
SOCOTRA
DESERT MOUNTAIN
YEMEN
EGYPT SOUTH AFRICA
99
85 91

HIMALAYAS ASIA ZHANGYE

SOUTH ASIA ZHANGJIAJIE NATIONAL GEOPARK

102 CHINA CHINA

- 105 107
NANGA PARBAT
- -
PAKISTAN HA LONG BAY GOREME

104 VIETNAM TURKEY

106 108

8

KOMODO LAKE MOUNT FUJI
BAIKAL
INDONESIA JAPAN
RUSSIA
109 122
114
- -
TUBBATAHA - BORNEO’S
MONGOLIAN RAINFOREST
PHILIPPINES
STEPPES INDONESIA, BRUNEI
110 AND MALAYSIA
MONGOLIA
- 123
PAMUKKALE 115
-
TURKEY - HANG SON
GUILIN AND
111 LIJIANG RIVER DOONG

- CHINA VIETNAM
KRAKATOA
116 124
INDONESIA
- -
112 RIVER
GANGES SIGIRIYA
-
HEAVENLY INDIA SRI LANKA

PIT 120 125

CHINA Contents..

113

OCEANIA & ANTARCTICA

GREAT LAKE HILLIER SHARK
BARRIER REEF BAY
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA
133
128 139
-
- FRASER ISLAND -
DAINTREE TASMANIA
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA AUSTRALIA
134
130 140
-
- ROTORUA -
ULURU-KATA FRANZ JOSEF
NEW ZEALAND
TJUTA GLACIER
136
AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND
-
131 FIORDLAND 141

- NEW ZEALAND -
KAKADU ANTARCTICA
137
AUSTRALIA 142
-
132 WAITOMO CAVES

NEW ZEALAND

138

9

ELCOME TO A WORLD F
W O

NATURAL
WONDERS

Forget man-made structures, there are nature’s own creations
to see, enjoy and explore across the globe

Introduction T he world is a wonderful place. It’s a stretch across the sky. Uniqueness has also of nature, conservation of these locations is
planet of breathtaking natural beauty played a major part in the inclusions, as well as hugely important. It is vital to approach them
and spectacular scenery. It’s a spinning significance of history and tradition. in an ethical and ecologically-friendly way by
globe offering thought-provoking landscapes respecting the environment and following
that just beg for exploration. There are sights As you may expect, some of these natural directions from the landmark’s guardians. In
that are awe-inspiring on the outside and full wonders are going to be easier to visit than some cases, you can join scientists in their
of astonishment within. From cloud-piercing others. The Grand Canyon, for example, which research programmes – perhaps consider
mountain tops and dramatic cliffs to deep layers was created by the erosion of the Colorado River, spending time with marine biologists in the
of red rock and clear-blue submarine sinkholes, is a popular day trip from Las Vegas and proves collection of samples in the Great Barrier Reef –
these are the natural wonders that – in most as essential a visit for thrill-seekers as anything but in many others, simple courtesy and respect
cases – are the results of millions of years of the hedonistic Strip can offer. The Great Barrier goes a long way.
geological history. Reef off the coast of Queensland, Australia,
attracts two million annual visitors while the So join us as we take a trip through the natural
Although many locations around planet Earth Harbour of Rio de Janeiro is an accessible inlet wonders of our magnificent world, looking at the
easily fit the category of a natural wonder, some surrounded by mountains that is flanked by the various intricacies of the unfamiliar aquatic and
are considered to be particularly outstanding. In lively Brazilian city. geological realms. Discover the pleasure they
1997, for instance, the American news channel can bring and the experiences on offer. Find out
CNN compiled a list of seven natural creations, More challenging to visit is the young Mexican when to go and where you can stay to make the
spanning all seven continents. It sparked general volcano Parícutin. You may want to scramble its most of these truly extraordinary places.
agreement about their significance and became slopes for a view of vast blackened lava fields
Mother Nature’s go-to list of attractions, the that have engulfed villages. Political turmoil will
likes of which few will ever tire of wanting to visit. see you avoid Zimbabwe or Zambia as a way
Since then, there have been other lists (including to see the Victoria Falls, while Mount Everest
the New7Wonders of Nature) developed between requires a decent level of fitness. The Aurora can
2007 and 2011. These are equally diverse and be seen from a number of different places, but
ecologically significant. needs good timing and the right location. Don’t
be put off, however, because the rewards are
All share core traits. They are each natural great. On the same score, don’t neglect to seek
monuments that have escaped being crafted by out the abundant number natural wonders that
the hands of mankind to any great extent. All are are reachable within our own countries.
visually stunning and noted for their scale and
size. This can be either physical or by nature of Do, however, be conscious of your need to
their phenomena, as we see with the dancing be responsible when travelling. While visiting
waves of the northern (and southern) lights that and exploring is often encouraged since the
world’s wonders can instil a deep appreciation

“NATUR AL WONDERS ARE THE
RESULTS OF MILLIONS OF YEARS

OF GEOLOGICAL HISTORY”

10

CNN’S

7

WONDERS

OF THE WORLD

Key natural sites for an amazing travel bucket list

AURORA BOREALIS GR AND CANYON

This natural light show, also known as the Not only is this amazing gorge 277 river miles
northern lights, is especially jaw-dropping long, 18 miles wide and close to a mile deep,
when the diffused glow dances across the sky.
it dates back six million years.

HARBOUR OF RIO Introduction
DE JANEIRO
G R E AT
BARRIER REEF The largest bay on Earth in terms of its
volume of water, the harbour was formed
Visible from space, Australia’s by erosion from the Atlantic Ocean and it
magnet for snorkellers and scuba
divers is the world’s largest coral contains more than 130 islands.
reef – home to 1,500 species of
fish and 4,000 types of mollusc. VICTORIA FALLS

The world’s largest waterfall
straddles the border of Zambia
and Zimbabwe, and it sees 500
million litres of water cascade

over the top every minute.

MOUNT EVEREST PA R Í C U T I N

Earth’s highest mountain above This cinder cone dormant volcano
sea level measures 29,000 feet, only formed in 1943, making it
and reaching the top remains a
huge feat. It has been achieved by the only one of its type to emerge
before our eyes, creating a lava
just 5,000 people since 1953. field of 10 square miles.

11

THE AMERICAS AMAZON GREAT SAND DUNES
RAINFOREST
COLORADO, USA
SOUTH AMERICA
23
14
-
-
EVERGLADES
ATACAMA
DESERT FLORIDA, USA

CHILE 24

16 -

- MAMMOTH CAVE

OMETEPE KENTUCKY, USA

NICARAGUA 25

17 -

- CANAIMA

THE WAVE VENEZUELA

ARIZONA, USA 26

18 -

- MANUEL ANTONIO
NATIONAL PARK
ARCHES
NATIONAL PARK COSTA RICA

UTAH, USA 27

19 -

- YELLOWSTONE

GRAND CANYON USA

ARIZONA, USA 28

20 -

- BRYCE CANYON

YOSEMITE UTAH, USA

CALIFORNIA, USA 30

22

NIAGARA FALLS GREAT BLUE HOLE

USA/CANADA BELIZE

31 39

- -

HAWAI'I METEOR CRATER
VOLCANOES
ARIZONA, USA
USA
40
32
-
-
MONUMENT
IGUAZU FALLS
VALLEY
ARGENTINA/BRAZIL
ARIZONA/UTAH, USA
33
41
-
-
LENCOIS
MARANHENSES CATATUMBO

BRAZIL LIGHTNING

34 VENEZUELA

- 42

GALAPAGOS -
ISLANDS
SALAR DE UYUNI
ECUADOR
BOLIVIA
35
43
-
-
TORRES DEL PAINE
RIO DE JANEIRO
CHILE
HARBOUR
36
BRAZIL
-
44
LAKE TITICACA
-
BOLIVIA/PERU
BANFF
38
CANADA

45

AMAZON RAINFOREST

Delve in the jungle, swim with pink dolphins and chase after jaguars in the world’s largest rainforest

The Americas O ne of the most direct and rewarding The emperor Red scarlet
ways to enter the Amazon is by tamarin lives in the macaws are a
lightweight aircraft. Nothing prepares southwest Amazon common visitor
you for the sight of flying over the rainforest or to the canopy
the abundance of life that spans beneath you. It’s basin, along with
enough to take your breath away – ironic, given many other animals forest, who are also fighting against deforestation
that the Amazon is often referred to as ‘the lungs to preserve their homes and all the species with
of the Earth’ because the abundance of lush alternative experiences – for example, in Brazil whom they share it. If you are after this sort of
vegetation accounts for 20 per cent of Earth’s you are most likely to dance the samba and trip, then head to Manaus, which is the express
oxygen supply. experience the anthropological side of rainforest route into the jungle. However, don’t be surprised
life. In some areas, such as Emberá of Brazil, you if your tour is crowded because this is a common
The world’s largest rainforest spans a jaw- can also find many indigenous tribes living in the route in for ‘gringos’. If crowds aren’t your thing,
dropping 5.5 million square kilometres (2.5 then why not take the road less travelled and
million square miles), with the Amazon River head to either Peru, Ecuador or Bolivia. The
meandering through it for more than 6,000 Bolivian side of the Amazon is worth bearing in
kilometres (4,000 miles). Different sources give mind if you are planning on travelling on a budget,
different measurements for the river, but while as this is usually the cheaper option with regards
we know the Amazon is shorter than the River to tour operators.
Nile, it still spans over nine countries across the
space of Latin America. When travelling in from Bolivia, it’s best to fly
to Rurrenabaque. This petite jungle town serves
With the Amazon rainforest covering such a as the gateway for any of the tours visiting
vast space, there is no wonder why this is home Madidi National Park or the rich Pampas region –
to more than 30,000 plant species, 1,800 fish, famous for its pink dolphins. Alternatively, if your
1,300 bird species, 311 mammals and 165 types pocket won’t stretch as far as a cost of a flight,
of amphibian. However, arriving at the Amazon there is a 16-hour bus ride that runs from La Paz
basin is tricky. This is mostly due to the fact that for less than £9/$12 one way. Bear in mind that
the main river flows through Brazil, Colombia it is exceptionally cheap for a reason – most of
and Peru, so it’s impossible to know where you these roads are unpaved and bumpy, so it’s not
will have the best experience and see the most a journey for the faint hearted! Rurrenabaque
wildlife. As the river meanders, it also changes in is worth exploring before heading off into the
character. In Brazil, it is called the Solimões, and rainforest, with its affordable hostels and down-
in Peru it is the Marañón. Different countries offer to-earth bars.

“IT SPANS OVER NINE COUNTRIES Any excursion, be it the Pampas tour or the
ACROSS THE SPACE OF LATIN AMERICA” Madidi, will begin by setting off on a long boat
down the legendary river into the heart of the
The endless jungle rainforest. A popular option for travellers is the
spanning below you as three-day Pampas tour, which is ideal for those
you fly over the Amazon

14

Delve head first
into the jungle from

Rurrenabaque

. SOUTH AMERICA .
Rainforest

. Highlights .
Take a lazy boat ride in the Amazon river

Go wildlife-spotting in deep jungle
Discover ancient indigenous cultures

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Taking a group tour with a
responsible company prevents deforestation
STAY HERE Amazon Conservation runs three

ecolodges in the Peru jungle
EXPLORE WITH Adventure Life is a small cruise

operator that takes you up the Amazon

. Best time to visit .
All year round

. Useful websites .
AMAZON-RAINFOREST-TOURS.ORG/EN

PERUJUNGLE.COM
AMAZONCONSERVATION.ORG

interested in spotting wildlife, swimming with rare really experience the sounds of the jungle choir. The Americas
pink dolphins and hiking through vegetation. Another great way to experience the rhythm
of the jungle is by boat or kayak. Why not take THE AMAZON RIVER
Also departing from Rurrenabaque are tours part in a kayak expedition from Ecuador? Begin
to Madidi National Park – a site that is world- in Quito and paddle down the river through The Amazon River, also known as the Rio
famous for its diversity, and worth visiting in itself. indigenous Huaorani territory and camp Amazonas, Río Marañón and Rio Solimões,
This jungle is incredibly dense, so it can be tricky overnight in the epicentre of the jungle. is the greatest river of South America. The
to spot wildlife even though it undoubtedly can river runs through many of the countries of
be heard all around you. Jaguars, crocodile, tapir, The Amazon is without a doubt a place South America, including Guyana, Ecuador,
boar and the giant cane toad are just a few of the that needs to be ticked off any bucket list. Yet Venezuela, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia and
species that are known to grace the area. sadly, WWF estimates that if the current rate of Peru. The total length of the river is at least
deforestation continues, more than a quarter 6,000 kilometres (4,000 miles), which is the
While visiting the Amazon, consider embarking of the Amazon biome will be without trees by equivalent of the distance between Rome and
on a night tour. This is when the nocturnal jungle 2030. This means that there is no better time New York. Between June and October every
comes alive. During a night walk, your guide to sustainably visit the Amazon than now – just year, the Amazon River overflows, and water
will usually lead you only by torch light and will make sure you pack lots of bug spray! levels can rise between nine and 13 metres
often encourage head torches to be turned off to (30 and 43 feet). The main reason for this is
due to the main source of water originating
The famous pink dolphins from Andean ice melt. In turn, this paired with
on the Pampas tour extensive rain floods parts of the rainforest
bank and creates varzeas or ‘flooded forests’.
More than 3,000 species of fish call this river
home, including catfish, piranha and electric
eel. Occasionally, one of the largest snakes in
the world, the anaconda, lurk in the shallow
waters waiting to attack mammals as they
move closer to the water to drink. Certainly
think twice before going for a dip in here!

15

. CHILE . Moon Valley, or El Valle de
Desert la Luna, is named for its

. Highlights . extraterrestrial landscapes
Look over the Pacific from stunning sea cliffs

See the stars free of clouds and pollution
Explore ancient villages built by the Atacameño

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Getting around with a rental car is

your best bet, as public transport is lacking
STAY HERE Awasi Atacama, an eco-resort with

rooms built in the style of adobe houses
EXPLORE WITH Sumak Travel, which works

with local experts on a fair-trade basis

. Best time to visit .
September to November (for pleasant
weather at night, with fewer tourists)

. Useful websites .
AWASIATACAMA.COM

SORBAC.COM
SPACEOBS.COM

The Americas

ATACAMA DESERT

One of the driest places on Earth, Chile’s Atacama Desert is an otherworldly experience

C hile’s Atacama Desert is one of the most Further afield, at Death Valley, the desert – and part of the Los Flamencos National Reserve.
inhospitable places on the planet – a earns its stripes, hurtling humongous dunes At 4,200 meters (13,780 feet) above sea level,
land where sand stretches into salt, heavenward alongside restless mountains; rock this is serious headache territory, but nothing a
volcanoes take their place alongside snow- upon rock upon sand. A brutal expanse rolled float in the turquoise Cejar Lagoon can’t fix.
capped mountains, and the wind and ghost out towards the horizon, it also goes by the
towns are kept company by occasional lagoons. name Mars Valley, where many try their hands at At Rainbow Valley – a natural solarium, where
sandboarding, mountain biking and trekking. the stars are laid bare by the lightless night –
At the centre of it all is San Pedro, the hills of red, green and yellow compete for glory.
oasis settlement at the heart of the Atacama From space, the journey continues to hell, Scattered across the dry landscape are a handful
community, 11,000 years in the making. The with the geyser fields of El Tatio – where steam of ruins from past Atacaman civilisations, such as
locals mastered this brutal terrain, terracing rises from scorched earth – keeping the chubby the pre-Incan; hilltop Quitor Fort; and Lasana, a
the mountains, rearing llama and alpaca, and viscachas (cousins of the chinchilla), camelid fortress built along the Loa River.
harvesting figs, pumpkins, corn and other vicuñas and emu-like rheas at bay. The smoking
produce. Today, San Pedro’s narrow dirt streets wasteland is anything but, sprouting giant cacti While the region’s petroglyphs, or rock art,
are lined with adobe houses, restaurants, hotels and yaretas, which ooze like giant broccoli from date back 10,000 years, among its more unlikely
and shops – a leaping-off point for ventures into the sand. Dialling back the intensity, the local hot cultural treasures are its various ghost towns –
the great beyond. springs boast mineral-rich waters, mud baths left in the wake of the former saltpeter industry,
and mini-waterfalls. which for 60 years drew workers from across
Nearby, the badlands mutate into a lunar Chile, Peru and Bolivia. The industry, spread over
landscape at the aptly named Moon Valley. Soon after, the earth unfolds into an open 200 works, sprouted its own Pampino culture,
Here, the great Andes and the Atacama desert – expanse of white ground, interspersed with thin leaving behind empty, creaky and clanging towns,
sculpted by the elements over millions of years pools reflecting the mountains in the distance. such as Humberstone, which has been converted
– are kissed by the fading sun, bursting into colour This is Salar de Atacama, the country’s largest into an open-air museum, centred around a
2,550 metres (8,366 feet) above sea level. salt flat, home to numerous species of flamingo restored (allegedly haunted) theatre.

16

OMETEPE

The volcanic island of Ometepe rises from Lake Nicaragua in the Central American country

A n island of reverence and awe since every description find fulfilment in a variety of twice a week to the northern town of Altagracia. The Americas
ancient times, Ometepe rises from activities, and the entire island is designated Overland distance between Moyogalpa and
the depths of Lake Nicaragua, which a UNESCO biosphere reserve. Challenging Altagracia is 24 kilometres (15 miles).
dominates the southwestern region of the hikes through the rainforest trails and up the
Central American nation of Nicaragua, brushing slopes of Concepcion or Maderas require from The nature reserve of Charco Verde is located
against the coastline of the Pacific Ocean. seven to ten hours. However, the rewards are near Altagracia, and visitors become acquainted
stunning. The ancient Maderas crater is today a with the native species, including howler
The crown jewel of two magnificent lagoon, while the summit of Concepcion offers monkeys, boa constrictors and a variety of birds.
volcanoes, Concepcion and Maderas, Ometepe panoramic, unrestricted views of the island and The reserve lagoon is a quiet place of mangrove
encompasses 276 square kilometres (107 its surroundings. trees casting light and shadow across the
square miles), the world’s largest island situated waters, and always under the watchful gaze of
in a freshwater lake. Its shape resembles an Ecotourism thrives on Ometepe, and the dominant volcanoes. Hotel accommodations,
hourglass, two distinct islets joined by a small watercraft travel back and forth to the mainland shops and restaurants thrive in Altagracia, where
isthmus. The two grand volcanoes tower above several times a day, docking at the port town of the pre-Columbian heritage of Ometepe is
the landscape and lakeside vistas. In the Moyogalpa, where amenities are readily available. celebrated in a museum that houses examples
northwest, Concepcion reaches 1,609 metres This includes hotel accommodations or more of ceramics, statues and ancient carvings – well
(5,280 feet) elevation, while in the southeast inexpensive hostel-style lodgings, as well as worth a visit.
Maderas soars to 1,394 metres (4,574 feet). restaurants, refreshments and stores where
necessities may be procured. Car, motorcycle Stopping off at Santo Domingo Beach en
A vision of paradise for its pre-Columbian and bicycle rental companies operate there as route to Altagracia is a pleasant diversion for
native peoples, Ometepe indeed remains a well. The most expedient route to Ometepe is an afternoon, and other beautiful beaches are
place of natural beauty seldom seen anywhere the boat from the town of San Jorge, and the accessible along the road connecting the two
else. Dense jungle conceals its wealth of one-way trip requires about an hour. The fare sides of Ometepe. On the southwestern slope
waterfalls, beautiful springs and abundant is inexpensive at about £1.50 ($2). A larger of Maderas lie the enchanting villages of San
wildlife, but those who venture to Ometepe ferry from the town of Granada is not quite as Ramón and Mérida. Both are adjacent to Lake
are rewarded with the experience of a lifetime. dependable as the San Jorge schedule, running Nicaragua, and San Ramón is famous for its
Hikers, birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts of breathtaking waterfall.

Concepcion is one of two volcanoes
that dominate the landscape

. NICARAGUA .
Volcanic Island

. Highlights .
Watch the incredible sunset over the lake

Hike to waterfalls and lagoons
Discover pre-Columbian petroglyphs

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Roads on Ometepe aren’t well-

surfaced – consider hiring a bicycle
STAY HERE Totoco, an eco lodge and farm at

the base of Maderas volcano
EXPLORE WITH Careli Tours, a tour company

certified by the Rainforest Alliance

. Best time to visit .
November to March (for the best weather)

. Useful websites .
TOTOCO.COM.NI
VIANICA.COM

OMETEPENICARAGUA.COM

17

ARIZONA WAVE

Check out this striking sedimentary rock formation in the USA

T he Wave is a remarkable Jurassic Navajo As more and more layers of sedimentary various thicknesses and hardness. While usually
Sandstone rock formation located within particles were deposited, the sediment was the sediment layers form horizontally one on
the hills of the Utah/Arizona border. compacted and bound together by minerals top of the other, contortion of the Earth’s crust
The swirling, undulating rainbow of colour to form the fragile yet strikingly striated rocks can cause the rock to twist, fold and buckle into
that are common to the Coyote Buttes region different directions.
was formed from the iron-rich Arizona rocks of the Paria Canyon-Vermilion Cliffs Wilderness
throughout the last 200 million years. The area in Arizona. The multicoloured layers of rock The soft, brittle rocks of The Wave are so
sandstone in The Wave is a type of sedimentary that make up The Wave are known as strata delicate that the Bureau of Land Management
rock, consisting of fine fragmented quartz and they were created due to the presence of has imposed a limit of just 20 hikers per day
particles that have been worn away and different rock and sediment types featuring who are allowed to venture into the North Coyote
deposited on the riverbed. Buttes area.

The Wave has inspired countless
photographers – you may even have seen it

used as the first Windows 7 Screensaver

The Americas

. ARIZONA, USA .
Rock Formation

. Highlights .
Take your very own amazing photo
Visit Kanab, known as Little Hollywood
Learn about geology in the Visitor Centre

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY The only way to get here is by a

3-mile hike across desert
STAY HERE Quail Park Lodge is a motel that
offers tours of Native American rock drawings

EXPLORE WITH The Bureau of Land
Management authorises all permits

. Best time to visit .
Winter, as it might be easier to get a permit

. Useful websites .
THEWAVE.INFO

ANTELOPECANYON.AZ
UTAH.COM/THE-WAVE

18

Delicate Arch is one of the most
recognisable landmarks of
the national park

. UTAH, USA .
Rock Formation

. Highlights .
Camp out in the Devil’s Garden
Marvel at dinosaur footprints

immortalised in stone
Stand beneath the longest arch

on the continent

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Reduce parking congestion by

taking a bus tour

STAY HERE Red Moon Lodge is solar powered,
plus there’s an amazing yoga studio

EXPLORE WITH Moab Adventure Center
offers bus, flight and hiking trips

. Best time to visit .
May, for warm weather and fewer crowds

. Useful websites .

NPS.GOV/ARCH
UTAH.COM/ARCHES-NATIONAL-PARK

MOABADVENTURECENTER.COM

The Americas

ARCHES
NATIONAL PARK
Watch the sun spill its orange glow over this rugged geological landscape

T his wonderland of natural history is Visitors travel along the main road, Arches Visitors must be careful not to leave marked
made up of landforms like tall pinnacles, Scenic Drive, and stop at each roadside trails or to damage the surrounding areas.
balanced rocks and enormous flat rocks formation. The trail begins with a visitor centre, What appears to be solid rock is actually just
called fins. The park is most famous for its where guests can get refreshed, dispose of a thin layer of hardened sediment – this crust
2,000 natural sandstone arches, the largest of refuse responsibly and learn more about the is essential to preventing erosion and retaining
which has the longest span of any natural arch park and how it has been shaped by the forces moisture in the soil. It’s laden with bacteria and
in North America. It’s called Landscape Arch of nature over time. Devil’s Garden is at the very other tiny organisms that create nutrients and
and can be found above an area called Devil’s end of the road, where there is a campground offer a foothold to anchor desert plants in place.
Garden. Archways were once a solid fins that and a hiking trail leading to spectacular views of Vegetation supports grazing animals, such as
have crumbled away in the centre due to water enormous Landscape Arch. Vehicles then head deer and bighorn sheep, which in turn feed big
damage. The loose pieces were then blown away out the same way that they came in, allowing predators like the mountain lion. The park has
by the wind and a delicate arch stands as the visitors to stop at any landmarks they missed the been sculpted by nature over millennia and
final result. first time before exiting. should be protected for years to come.

19

GRAND CANYON

Marvel at the beauty of this natural slice through southwest USA

The Americas S urprisingly, the Grand Canyon doesn’t set keen to hike a portion of the Canyon will find this The Grand Canyon
many records. It isn’t the longest, nor the the easiest way to get their boots dusty: jump on Skywalk on the Hualapai
widest, not even the deepest. However, it board the free shuttle bus to Hermit’s Rest and
is by far the most famous, so much so that many walk back to Grand Canyon Village along the Rim Reservation offers a
people simply call it The Canyon as though there Trail. For those who prefer to see their natural unique perspective
were no others in the world. wonders from the comfort of a seat, hop on
and off the buses to your heart’s content at the The multicoloured layers of the
Multicoloured layers of rock sink into the designated stops and viewpoints. Grand Canyon rock strata plunge
earth, forming a chasm that gives the impression downwards for over 1.6km (1mi)
it must have been created by tectonic plates The quieter Desert View Drive, heading east
tearing apart. However, this slice through the from Grand Canyon Village, is the best way to Only 16 kilometres (ten miles) from Grand
United States was created over several million escape the tourist hordes. This 40-kilometre (25- Canyon Village as the crow flies, but a five-hour
years – geologists still argue exactly how long mile) road does not have a shuttle bus service drive around the gorge, North Rim is the quieter
ago – when the Colorado River meandered so relies on visitors having their own wheels, but side of Grand Canyon with only ten per cent of
across what is now north Arizona. Erosion from it includes six viewpoints and five unmarked the park’s visitors venturing across. It makes
the flowing water combined with the uplift of pullover points. Don’t miss Navajo Point and it the ideal place to seek sanctuary from the
the Colorado Plateau to carve a mile-deep Lipan Point, two places where the dusky red crowds. The north is also the colder side since it
canyon. The rocks that are left behind were once layers of rock can be seen at their best. The road is around 300 metres (1,000 feet) higher than
covered by the waters of a warm, shallow sea or ends at the Desert View Watchtower, just beyond the South Rim. While those on the North Rim can
swampland, but now shimmer under the sun in a the stunning Tusayan Ruins. These are the eerie be stood in falling snow, others far below might
hot, dry desert. remains of a Puebloan village, first constructed be sunbathing along the river bank.
nearly 1,000 years ago by around 20 Native
For those interested in the statistics, the Grand Americans who called this land home. It is now 150 years since John Wesley Powell
Canyon stretches for 446 kilometres (277 miles), led the first expedition through Grand Canyon
reaches 29 kilometres (18 miles) at its widest Coachloads of tourists go no further than the in 1869 to explore an unknown section on
and measures 1,857 metres (6,093 feet) at its viewpoints of the South Rim, but it’s difficult to American maps. Those who want to follow the
deepest. Nobody will ever see the whole thing in look down the steep walls of the Grand Canyon trailblazing path of the pioneers should join one
one visit, but it is possible to take in the majesty and not wonder what is down there. Bright Angel of the waterborne excursions leaving Lee’s Ferry
and grandeur in a day or two. Trail, beginning in Grand Canyon Village, drops in the summer months. Itineraries range from a
1,340 metres (4,380 feet) over 13 kilometres few days to a few weeks, and you can experience
The popular sites of the South Rim may be (eight miles) to the banks of the Colorado River the Colorado River by whitewater rafting through
busy, but they draw the crowds for a reason. at the bottom of the cliffs. Given the nature of the rapids, peaceful paddling up little-known side
Grand Canyon Village, with a number of wooden descent, expect seemingly endless switchbacks canyons, and exploring Native American ruins
buildings dating to the turn of the 20th century, and aching knees, although at least it’s only only accessible by river.
gives a glimpse of canyon country in the final another three kilometres (two miles) to the
days of the American Frontier. From here, Hermit comfortable beds at Phantom Ranch, the only
Road runs west for 11 kilometres (eight miles) lodge beyond the rim.
to the stone-built Hermit’s Rest. Those who are

“THE NORTH RIM IS THE IDEAL PLACE TO
SEEK SANCTUARY FROM THE CROWDS”

The Desert View Watchtower is
one of the best places to escape
the crowds on South Rim

20

But perhaps the best way to really appreciate
the scale of the Grand Canyon is from the air.
Scenic flights by helicopter and aeroplane leave
from Grand Canyon Airport on South Rim, while
others depart from Las Vegas, enabling visitors
to Sin City to glimpse the Grand Canyon between
trips to the gaming tables. Passengers who are
lucky enough to find themselves on board are
able to marvel at the sheer immensity of the
gorge, carved by the seemingly peaceful ribbon
of river within it.

RIM TO RIM The Colorado River carved
the steep cliffs of the Grand
It’s possible to take a number of different Canyon over millions of years
rim-to-rim hikes across the Grand Canyon,
although it is not recommended to try it To limit noise and ensure passenger safety, star attraction of the Hualapai Reservation is
in a single day. Probably the best option is the National Park Service limits the number of the Grand Canyon Skywalk, a glass-bottomed,
the 39-kilometre (24-mile) route along the flights and no longer allows them to dip below horseshoe-shaped walkway that extends 21
Bright Angel and North Kaibab trails from the rim. However, some helicopter excursions metres (70 feet) over the rim. It may not be a
Grand Canyon Village on South Rim to Grand do land within the Canyon on the Havasupai and comfortable experience for those who are afraid
Canyon Lodge on North Rim. The walk is Hualapai Reservations, located outside National of heights, but the makers claim it will hold the
breathtaking in every sense, but worth Park jurisdiction. weight of 70 Boeing 747 aeroplanes. Although if
it. Alternatively, try the shorter (but still the glass did smash, expect a long fall – all those
challenging) South Rim to South Rim trek The Havasupai portion of the Canyon is home jets could all sit on top of each other and still
along the South Kaibab trail to the river and to the spectacular waterfalls of Havasu Creek, a not reach the rim, such is the depth of the most
back up along the Bright Angel. tributary of the Colorado. For sheer beauty, this famous canyon in the world.
is one of the finest places in the region. The
Whichever way you go, keep an eye out for
the rare California condor soaring high on . ARIZONA, USA . The Americas
the thermals. However, beware the weather. Canyon
Hikers who leave the clifftops in the cold
light of an icy dawn may be wearing thick . Highlights .
coats, only to find themselves sweltering in Hike through the park’s backcountry
dangerously high temperatures when they Take a helicopter tour over the canyon
reach the bottom of the Canyon. Visit in June to enjoy the park’s annual star party

Hiking trails run along the rims and . Ecotourism .
down the steep sides of the Canyon TRAVEL BY Free shuttle buses run along the

South Rim and to the North Rim
STAY HERE Navajo-run Shash Dine’ Eco Retreat
lies between the Grand Canyon and Lake Powell
EXPLORE WITH Go Native America has Grand
Canyon guides from the indigenous Hopi tribe

. Best time to visit .
May to October

. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/GRCA

GONATIVEAMERICA.COM
EXPLORETHECANYON.COM

21

Evergreen pine trees line meadows
and envelop the rugged peaks
bathed in summer sun

The Americas . CALIFORNIA, USA .
National Park

. Highlights .
Drive to the top of Glacier Point

for panoramic valley views
Hike through cooling waterfall vapour

on the grueling mist trail
Ice skate on the frozen Tenaya Lake in winter

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Free eco-friendly shuttles run by
the National Park Service ferry visitors around

STAY HERE Tenaya Lodge is working towards
zero-waste, and has electric vehicle chargers

EXPLORE WITH Echo Adventure Cooperative
is environmentally and socially sustainable

. Best time to visit .
June to October (routes are less likely to be

closed off due to snow)

. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/YOSE

VISITCALIFORNIA.COM
TRAVELYOSEMITE.COM

YOSEMITE

Where granite mountains carved by ancient glaciers provide a safe haven for wildlife

Part of the Sierra Nevada mountain range, Yosemite is famous for its waterfalls and up some of the park’s more drastic inclines
this high-elevation park is known for its contains the highest falls in mainland North created by ancient rivers of ice. Climbers train
geology. The rocks in Yosemite today were America. Water pours off a hanging valley forged for years to tackle El Capitan, a sheer rock face
shaped by ice that formed a million years ago. by glacier activity. Visitors with their heart set on extending 914 metres (3,000 feet) vertically into
Glaciers are essentially frozen rivers that flow very seeing cascading water should visit in May as the sky. The current world record for scaling the
slowly. They erode the landscape as they do so, many waterfalls slow to a trickle by late-August. granite monolith is held by a pair of American
and leave tell-tale landforms that remain long after The water that flows from the melting glaciers climbers. It took them only one hour and 58
the ice has melted. The famous Yosemite Valley is picks up nutrients on its journey down the minutes to reach the top. Competitive climbing is
U-shaped, resembling a rounded tunnel through mountain that enrich the habitat. The plant life enjoyed by spectators all year round, so be sure
the mountains. This is the path left by thousands flourishes and the park is lush and green as the to check famous climbing spots for a free show.
of years of ice flow. The glacier responsible for the start of summer. The arrival of autumn brings a
formation of Yosemite Valley was 1,200 metres dramatic transformation when the leaves turn There are accommodation options to fit
(4,000 feet) deep and its enormous weight vibrant amber. October and November combined any budget, ranging from camping to lavish
scraped the rock away. Two remaining glaciers still account for only 13 per cent of park visits, so apartments. Visitors can rent kayaks, ride
adorn the peaks of the park’s mountains and their guests can enjoy the fall foliage in tranquility. horses or go out rafting. Zipline through the
seasonal melting is a vital source of water for the stunning scenery or play a quiet game of golf in
entire ecosystem in the warmer months. Yosemite is a world-renowned rock climbing nature. Yosemite really does have something for
destination. It takes some serious skill to shimmy absolutely everyone.

22

GREAT SAND DUNES

Hike up America’s tallest sand dunes and slide right back down

R esembling a huge, wavy sandpit in the afforded some great views of the dunes and into life. People flock to it with picnics, while
midst of forests, lakes, grasslands and the opportunity to learn more about them, children take eagerly to the water on inflatables
wetlands, the Great Sand Dunes are sure including via a 20-minute film. Once among the and skimboards. It is effectively turned into
to blow you away by their sheer size and beauty. dunes, you’re left to make your own way around, Colorado’s natural beach.
They cover a wide area in south-central Colorado, although you could try to reach the summit of
and the tallest, Star Dune, is a staggering 230 Star Dune. It will take about five hours but it’ll be There are many other active pursuits, too.
metres (750 feet) high. Formed by San Luis worth every step. Consider riding fat bikes – bicycles with wide
Valley’s wind patterns, you can have lots of fun tyres – or saddling up and riding horseback.
sandboarding, sledging or simply trekking up and Depending on the time of year when you visit Perhaps hire a four-wheel drive vehicle, and
down the dunes, leaving imprints for others to the Great Sand Dunes, you might be able to enjoy drive the 35-kilometre (22-mile) Medano Pass
follow in your tracks. Medano Creek, a popular seasonal stream. At Road, which crosses nine creeks and takes you
its peak between April and June, melting snow across sand for a quarter of the way. If you’d
Go at dusk and you can also watch the sunset from the mountains fills the stream with water rather remain on two feet, embark on one of the
along the Rocky Mountains and see the sands and creates rhythmic waves along the sand – a forest or alpine trails. Or simply go camping and
turn particularly golden and inviting. Spend rare, natural occurrence called surge flow. stare at the uninterrupted darkness: the Great
some time at the visitor centre and you’ll be When this happens, the area suddenly bursts Sand Dunes are perfect for stargazing.

The protected boundaries of
the Great Sand Dunes have
widened over the decades

The Americas

. COLORADO, USA .
Sand Dunes

. Highlights .
Hire a special fat bike to traverse the sand

Head out at night to stargaze
Visit the seasonal stream at Medano Creek

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Rent a sand sled from one of the
local operators and whizz down the dunes
STAY HERE Piñon Flats Campground is a basic

site run by the National Park Service
EXPLORE WITH Aspire Mountain Tours creates

sustainable jobs for local people
. Best time to visit .
May for peak stream flow
. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/GRSA

MYCOLORADOPARKS.COM
COLORADO.COM

23

EVERGLADES

Meander through a magical mosaic of wetlands and mangroves in the Deep South

T he tropical wilderness of the Everglades until around 125,000 years ago. Shells, sand and swamps are nurseries for a whole host of animals
is a fragile habitat. It has been under animal remains were deposited over decades, – sharks and other oceanic fish swim upstream to
protection for almost 90 years and is a and created a flat, porous landscape that had the have their babies in the safety of inland channels.
World Heritage Site as well as being a national potential to hold a lot of water. Evidence suggests The young animals practise the skills they will
that the land has been flooded for at least 5,000 rely upon later in life before rejoining the open
park. 750 different species live on the site, 36 years. All of the moisture in the ecosystem sea. Florida’s coast boasts more than 40 types
of which are threatened. The animals in the quenches the thirst of animals and plant life of coral and 600 species of reef fish, but divers
Everglades are of crucial importance to its through river flow and frequent thunderstorms. should be wary of marine predators.
survival. Thousands of years ago, tropical plant
seeds were dispersed by migrating birds. The The Everglades is best explored from the There is a network of roads that snake
Everglades saw an explosion of biodiversity water. Go on a guided boat tour or rent your through the Everglades, enabling visitors to
as new vegetation burst through the rich soil. own watercraft for an unforgettable experience. reach the far corners of the park on foot. Hiking
Almost 1,000 plant species grow in the park Visitors will find themselves surrounded by trails weave through the dry areas, along with
today, and more than a million people trek out to wading birds and enormous alligators. Take care waterside boardwalks for people to explore.
see the Everglades every year. to steer clear of the giant reptiles, as they have Arachnophobes should watch out for occupied
powerful bites and strong, agile tails that can spiderwebs stretching across the path by the
All of what is now Florida was once attached shatter bones. water’s edge. And some coastal trails require
to Africa, but it migrated west over millions of hikers to paddle through submerged stretches,
years of continental drift. The hunk of limestone Certified SCUBA divers can go underwater so be prepared to get your feet wet.
that makes up the peninsula was under water where the park meets the ocean. Here, mangrove

The Americas

. FLORIDA, USA .
Wetland

. Highlights .
Take an airboat tour to see American alligators
Spot some of the 300-plus bird species at the

park’s birdwatching sites
Enjoy a scenic bike ride around the Shark

Valley Trail

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY There’s only one way to explore the

Everglades; hovercraft

STAY HERE Ivey House Everglades Adventures
Hotel offers free wildlife spotting tours

EXPLORE WITH Everglades Nature Tours has
environmental education as one of its core values

. Best time to visit .
Dry season lasts from November to March and

wet season lasts from April to November

. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/EVER

VISITFLORIDA.COM
FLORIDA-EVERGLADES.COM

The waters and marshy forests of
the Everglades are filled with
fascinating wildlife

24

. KENTUCKY, USA .
Caves

. Highlights .
16km (10mi) of passageways can

be visited on tours
Come across more than 130

species of wildlife
See two of the original locomotives

that ran to the caves

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY You’ll have to drive up to the cave,

but it’s only 9 miles off I-65

STAY HERE The nearest eco hotel is Hotel Sync
in Bowling Green, 22 miles away

EXPLORE WITH The National Parks Service
runs guided and self-guided tours of
Mammoth Cave

. Best time to visit .
June to August (when water flow is greatest)

. Useful websites .

NPS.GOV/MACA

MAMMOTHCAVE.COM

LOSTRIVERCAVE.ORG

The Americas

The Mammoth Cave National Park
has been designated an UNESCO

World Heritage Site

MAMMOTH CAVE

Enlighten yourself with a visit to the longest known cave system in the world

D eep beneath the hills of Kentucky is a lighting the way through caverns and tunnels there are some that have you on your hands
limestone labyrinth of caves. But what using a lard-oil lamp. He also sailed upon the and knees through the tightest of spaces –
you’ll see if you embark on a journey cave’s rivers. you can look at amazing rock formations
down there only hints at its true scale. So much and, in the Frozen Niagara section, view the
of this national park is still being explored, and Visitors can take advantage of the hard work stunning travertine flowstone formation.
estimates suggest less than half has been Bishop began, embarking on tours that can last
discovered so far. In many ways, this serves only as long as six hours. For the best atmosphere, Even if you stay above ground, however,
to ramp up the excitement of a visit, and given you can avoid the routes that are lit by electric there is much to do. Forests filled with
lights, and instead carry a paraffin lamp as you birds and flowering species surround the
its is spread over five levels, it’ll occupy you for move through tight passageways, learning about caves and are perfect for horseback riding.
some time. the early cave explorers and marvelling at the The Green and Nolin rivers flow through,
huge chambers and the gloomy yet beautiful and there is plenty of scope for kayaking,
As it stands, 640 kilometres (400 miles) have caverns along the way. canoeing and a spot of fishing. The caves are
been mapped since 1838 – the 17-year-old slave the centrepiece, though, and for good reason
Stephen Bishop was introduced to the cave that Often, a ranger will turn off the lights entirely, since there’s nowhere quite like it on – or
year, and took note of its features. He was the plunging you into pitch darkness before lighting in – Earth.
first person to ever cross the Bottomless Pit, a match. But whichever tour you choose – and

25

Angel Falls is the highest
waterfall in the world and
flows into Devil’s Canyon

The Americas . VENEZUELA .
National Park

. Highlights .

Climb to the top of Venezuela’s eye-catching
flat top mountains

Pack for an adventure – a trip to the falls
involves hiking, swimming and canoeing
Relax by the Canaima Lagoon with sandy

beaches and breathtaking views

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY As it’s deep in the jungle, you’ll

need to fly into the village of Canaima

STAY HERE Wakü Lodge actively protects the
National Park and offers excursions

EXPLORE WITH Angel EcoTours have amazing,
sustainable itineraries across Venezuela

. Best time to visit .
October and November, to avoid rainy season

. Useful websites .

THINK-VENEZUELA.NET
WHC.UNESCO.ORG/EN/LIST/701/

TINYURL.COM/DCY96752

CANAIMA

Famous for its natural wonders, this park is an adventurer’s paradise

T he word ‘park’ does not come close to including jaguar and giant armadillo, as well as 2,810 metres (9,222 feet) high, with 400-metre
describing the vastness of Canaima. birds and plants that are not found anywhere else (1,300-foot) cliffs on each side, the journey up
Roughly the size of Belgium, it in the world. Mount Roraima isn’t easy, but after a six-day
encompasses savannas, rainforests, mountains trek you’ll be rewarded with scenery that’s
and the highest uninterrupted waterfall in Another unique natural wonder you’ll find in out of this world: pink sand, valleys of crystals,
Canaima are the table-topped mountains, known pristine lakes and rare orchids. This is thought
the world. Angel Falls is 979 metres (3,211 as tepui in South America. Meaning ‘house of the to have inspired the setting of Arthur Conan
feet). They’re named after American aviator gods’ in the native tongue of the Pemon Indians Doyle’s 1912 classic The Lost World.
Jimmie Angel who flew over them in 1933, who have lived there for centuries, it’s thought
searching for gold. To this day Angel Falls is still these giant flat-topped mountains were formed For all the activities on offer there are also
only accessible via plane, just like the rest of billions of years ago when the continents drifted opportunities to relax, whether by the Canaima
Canaima. Despite being a national park since apart and South America was separated from Lagoon or in the tourist village of Kavac. There,
1965, this spectacular landscape is as wild West Africa. The most popular of the mountains you can stay overnight in a hammock, enjoy
and untouched as ever. As such, it is home to climb is Mount Roraima, on the border of the hospitality of the Pemon people and bask
to a variety of rare and endangered species, Brazil, Venezuela and Guyana. With a summit in the extraordinary surroundings.

26

MANUEL ANTONIO

If you’re an adventurer that also loves to chill on the beach, Costa Rica has the national park for you

M any national parks are spectacular for The park is a wonderful place to
just one main reason. They can be take a hike, with views and wildlife
notable for flora and fauna, mountains, around every corner
lakes or wildlife. But Manuel Antonio National
Park in Costa Rica has an absolute wealth of The Americas
spectacular features.
. COSTA RICA .
Manuel Antonio, named after a conquistador National Park
who is buried within the park, is one of the
country’s smallest national parks, however don’t . Highlights .
let its size fool you into thinking there isn’t much Spot toucans and sloths
going on. It is one of Costa Rica’s most-visited Go snorkelling over the coral reef
national parks, thanks in no small part to the Hike the Punta Catedral for
stunning beaches, views of the world’s largest
ocean, and hundreds of species of birds and Pacific Ocean views
mammals.
. Ecotourism .
Let’s start with the beaches. Not many national TRAVEL BY If you can sail, getting to Manuel
parks are by the seaside, but Manuel Antonio
gazes out over the Pacific Ocean and contains Antonio on a wind-powered boat is epic
Playa Manuel Antonio – one of Costa Rica’s
best beaches. This can get crowded, so a little STAY HERE Eco Hotel Arboleda have
further along the coast is Playa Espadilla Sur, beachfront rooms and surfboard hire
which is just as gorgeous but a lot quieter. One
reason why Playa Manuel Antonio is so popular EXPLORE WITH Manuel’s Tours have a
is due to its wonderful coral reef and snorkelling plethora of wildlife-watching trips
opportunities.
. Best time to visit .
There are hiking trails of varying difficulty Year-round, but avoid April-November rains
snaking throughout Manuel Antonio. The beaches
are connected by a gentle, sandy trail, while the . Useful websites .
Punta Catedral trail is 1.5-kilometres (0.9-miles) MANUELANTONIOPARK.COM
long, featuring some stunning views of the Pacific,
but it does have a few tough hills. GOVISITCOSTARICA.COM
COSTARICAEXPERTS.COM
Manuel Antonio is also known for its wildlife.
There are 109 different species of mammal in the
park, as well as 184 different bird species. Due to
the size of the park and the diversity of the wildlife,
it’s hard to go far through it without spying a
two- or three-toed sloth, iguana, poison dart frog,
squirrel monkey or toucan. While you are free to
make your way through the park by yourself, local
accredited guides are happy to show you around,
using their knowledge and expertise to take you to
the very best hotspots to see the local wildlife.

If you’re looking to make a visit to Manuel
Antonio, it is recommended that you get there
early. Overcrowding in the past has meant that
visitor numbers are limited to 600 on weekdays
and 800 at weekends and holidays, and it’s
not unknown for the roads into the park to be
gridlocked with cars waiting to enter. Deforestation
has meant that Manuel Antonio is one of just two
areas of tropical rainforest along Central America’s
Pacific Coast, so it’s little wonder that it’s a
magnet for tourists and locals.

If you’re able to get in early, Manuel Antonio is
one of the most breathtaking and unique national
parks in the world. The wildlife, the beaches,
the coral and oceanic views truly make this the
national park for everyone.

27

YELLOWSTONE
The world’s first national park is a true wilderness, teeming with geothermal wonders

C ut by the mighty Yellowstone River, degrees Celsius (460 degrees Fahrenheit). Great Fountain Geyser erupts
this national park has been almost Magma that flows close to the Earth’s surface in the world’s largest intact
untouched for 150 years. It boasts warms up water trapped in cavities underground. temperate ecosystem
10,000 geothermal features that bubble Geysers are usually found close to fault lines that
and steam nestled between lush mountains. have created deep cracks and crevices that have Bison herds frequently travel along roads,
Hundreds of waterfalls cascade from clifftops, since been filled with water. The fluid soaks into inadvertently causing traffic jams
and 1,609 kilometres (1,000 miles) of hiking trails the ground and comes into contact with rocks
promise views that beckon adventurous visitors. heated by volcanic activity. The water at the
Almost 70 species of mammals and 285 different top stays fairly cool and piles pressure on the
birds inhabit the land, and there are more than natural kettle below. This allows the deep water
1,800 archeological sites within its boundaries. to get much hotter than the typical 100-degree-
Yellowstone is a remarkable place, and there’s Celsius (212-degree-Fahrenheit) boiling point.
no wonder it welcomes several million visitors Eventually, so much steam builds up that it is
every year. There are five different entrances forced to shoot upwards and causes surface
and 400 kilometres (250 miles) of road for water to splash out. The downward force of the
travellers to explore. There are pull-off areas for water reduces and the super-hot water instantly
magnificent sights and natural landforms, along turns to steam and shoots upwards into the sky.
with visitor centres bursting with information Eruptions are a common sight in Yellowstone.
about the park’s history and geology. Visitors Old Faithful, the park’s most famous geyser,
generally drive the warren of roads themselves, blows every 35 to 120 minutes. Up to 32,000
but traffic is not allowed in during winter. Guided litres (8,450 gallons) of boiling water blast 56
snowmobile tours are available when thick snow metres (185 feet) above the ground below.
is on the ground.
The park contains four other types of
More than half the world’s geysers are situated geothermal features. The hottest are fumaroles.
within Yellowstone. There are almost 500 active These are essentially steam vents that aren’t
geysers that spurt out water as hot as 240 surrounded by water as the vapour is too
The Americas
Waterfalls plunge over cliffs © Alamy
where soft rock has been
eroded by running water

. USA .
National Park

. Highlights .
Rely on Old Faithful to erupt all year round

Spot bears emerging from their long
hibernation in springtime

Hike up the challenging Uncle Tom’s trail

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY The Salt Lake City Express coach
goes to West Yellowstone from the airport
STAY HERE Mammoth Hot Springs Hotel is

offers delicious farm-to-table dining
EXPLORE WITH Jackson Hole Ecotour

Adventures has a range of tours in
Yellowstone and Grand Teton

. Best time to visit .
September/October for the best hiking

. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/YELL

JHECOTOURADVENTURES.COM
YELLOWSTONEPARK.COM

28

Paintings of Yellowstone were
enough to inspire Congress to grant

the region its national park status

THE FIRST
NATIONAL PARK

One of the world’s biggest volcanoes colour gradient is caused by microbes feeding on President Ulysses S Grant signed a bill into law The Americas
lies beneath Yellowstone, providing the minerals in the water. in 1872 to protect the newly created reserve. It
heat that powers the park’s geothermal was established as a place for the public to visit
features, like the Grand Prismatic Spring Wildlife is another star feature of the park. and enjoy, but also to protect and preserve. The
The area is home to the highest concentration government decided the area’s natural beauty
hot to condense. Mudpots are springs with a of mammals of anywhere in the 48 mainland and astounding geothermal activity should be
limited water supply and resemble bubbling states. Small animals like shrews, skunks and open to all to see. A railway was constructed
pools of muck. They are normally accompanied porcupines scurry through the vast forest. More in 1883, and cars were allowed in from 1915
by the smell of rotten eggs due to hydrogen than ten packs of wolves hunt throughout onwards. Yellowstone’s boundaries have been
sulfide leaking from the ground. Another type Yellowstone, alongside more than 1,000 grizzly altered slightly over the years. Once a plain
of geothermal formation are travertine terraces. and black bears. Almost 5,000 buffalo roam rectangle, the perimeter has moved to conform
Water bubbles up through limestone and over the landscape despite being on the brink of to the area’s natural topography. Since then,
absorbs calcium carbonate. This is deposited extinction just 100 years ago. Yellowstone is the wildlife management has been put into place
at the surface as chalky white rock, while only place in the US that bison have lived since and the national park service works very hard
steam rises in high plumes. Hot springs are the prehistoric times. An estimated 30 million were to maintain the oldest park in the world.
most common geothermal feature throughout once found across the country, but were hunted
Yellowstone. Hot water rises to the pool’s surface down to just over 1,000 in 1889. Yellowstone is a Thousands of people visit Yellowstone to hike.
where it comes into contact with cooling air. safe haven for these giant ungulates and 66 other It’s best to go out walking in autumn. Melting
The water temperature drops and sinks down varieties of mammal. Visitors are warned against snow in spring softens the soil and can even
to be replaced by warmer liquid. This constant approaching or feeding animals because the cause landslides, so it’s wise to wait until the
circulation ensures hot springs never heat up local wildlife can be dangerous. Earth is rock solid. Even in perfect conditions,
enough to erupt. Grand Prismatic Spring is the a Yellowstone hike isn’t suitable for the faint of
third biggest of its kind in the world. Its namesake Water is the lifeblood of the park. Yellowstone heart. Many routes involve crossing cold, deep
Lake is 2,356 metres (7,730 feet) above sea rivers with strong currents, and hikers might
The geothermal sites are the most dangerous level, and it’s the largest of the region’s 600 encounter wildlife at any time of the year. Hikers
features of Yellowstone, and should only be lakes and ponds. It feeds directly into the should carry water and be familiar with using
viewed from designated areas Yellowstone River to the north, leading to the bear spray. Visitors are asked to stick to marked
park’s highest waterfall. The Lower Yellowstone trails to prevent erosion and protect people from
Falls are almost twice as high as Niagara Falls. wandering into life-threatening geothermal areas.
They can be seen from a viewing platform at the Some of the land around geysers is just a thin
bottom of 328 steps that visitors must climb crust on top of boiling water that would give way
back up when they’re finished looking. There are if stepped on. Sadly, 20 people have met their
smaller waterfalls easy to access by the roadside end this way with incidents occurring as recently
throughout the park that can be viewed without as 2016.
venturing into the wilderness. Visitors can go
kayaking and white water rafting to see the The unique geology and abundant wildlife
scenery from a different perspective. make Yellowstone a destination for everyone’s
bucket list. The sights are breathtaking and well
worth making the long journey. Summer is the
busiest season while winter is the quietest. Visit
in spring to see young animals learning how to
navigate their new world or head over in autumn
to see the leaves change. There’s no right or
wrong time to visit – Yellowstone is an incredible
place all year round.

“THE LOWER YELLOWSTONE FALLS ARE
ALMOST TWICE AS HIGH AS NIAGARA FALLS”

29

. UTAH, USA . Bryce Canyon has more of these
Canyon hoodoo rock formations that
anywhere else in the world
. Highlights .

Stargaze at the park’s Astronomy Festival
Hike the tranquil backcountry trails
Take a helicopter tour to see the
hoodoos from the sky

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY There’s a free NPS-run shuttle bus
in the summer that goes to the main sights

STAY HERE Bryce Valley Lodging, a cute, cabin-
based accommodation filled with rustic charm

EXPLORE WITH Wildland Trekking – they’re
ideal for beginners as well as avid hikers

. Best time to visit .
May to September, for plenty of activities

. Useful websites .
NPS.GOV/BRCA

BRYCECANYON.COM
BRYCECANYONCOUNTRY.COM

The Americas

BRYCE CANYON

Teetering towers of rock called hoodoos seem to defy the laws of physics

Despite its name, Bryce isn’t technically layers of sediment that were deposited at Campers should be very careful not to attract
a canyon, but a collection of enormous different times over millions of years. Rivers and wildlife in order to prevent injuries and to
natural amphitheatres. Around 15 million lakes dropped loads of pebbles and minerals that discourage animals from associating with
years ago, shifting tectonic plates caused the compacted to form a solid mass. The stunning humans in the future.
rock of western Utah to crack open. Water natural gradients can be seen from the park’s
trickled in and eroded the soft stone from the scenic drive. There are 13 viewpoints over vibrant Enjoy Bryce Canyon by car, on foot or
amphitheatres, as well as eight well-maintained on horseback. The park also offers a free
inside. The cold nights caused the water in the hiking trails, each of which can be completed in shuttle bus that helps to reduce emissions
rock to freeze and expand, enlarging these tiny less than a day. in summer. You can visit for just one day
cracks into deep, cavernous canyons. Eventually or spend more time among the rocks at a
ice broke the rock apart completely, leaving the There are vast fir forests and open meadows nearby hotel, lodge or campsite. The sky
stunning columnar formations that people flock throughout the park that provide homes for wild above Bryce Canyon is one of the darkest
to see today. animals, such as elk, bobcats and black bears. in North America – around 7,500 stars are
Several protected species also call Bryce Canyon visible to the naked eye, so it’s worth staying
The rocks at Bryce Canyon are banded with home, including the majestic California condor. until after dark.
layers of red, orange and white. These represent

30

NIAGARA FALLS

Experience awesome power at North America’s iconic natural water feature

T here are few international borders as plants, the flow may drop as low as 1,400 cubic The other side of the river offers the opposite
impressive as this one. Niagara Falls marks metres per second. perspective. The Skylon Tower, in the Canadian
the boundary between the American state town of Niagara Falls, rises 158 metres (518 feet)
of New York and the Canadian province of Ontario It’s no surprise that visitor numbers peak in the above the ground, and looks over the waterfall
– at least, partly. Niagara Falls is actually three summer months too, flooding to walkways along drop. Take in the view from the observation
distinct waterfalls: Horseshoe Falls bisects the Prospect Point Park with cameras clicking in an platform or enjoy a slow lunch or dinner in one of
USA-Canada border, while American Falls and the attempt to capture the majestic sight of water two restaurants as the room slowly rotates.
much smaller Bridal Veil Falls lie entirely on the cascading over the precipice in front of them –
United States’ side. The three waterfalls, with Goat don’t forget to take a long-exposure shot for a That’s the viewpoints from the front, above and
Island and Luna Island separating them, all lie in silky-smooth waterscape. Goat Island offers more below sorted, but what about from behind? The
the Niagara River. Unlike elsewhere on the border, excellent views of the falls and is accessible by Journey Behind the Falls attraction allows people
here anything to the west of the river is Canada foot and car by a bridge over American Falls. to enter a series of remarkable tunnels dug into
and anything to the east is the United States. the rock and peer at the waterfalls from sheltered
Try to take a trip on the Maid of the Mist, cave entrances that open out onto the falls. Again,
On average, 2,400 cubic metres of water a 20-minute boat cruise that has carried expect to get wet!
flows over Horseshoe Falls – the biggest of the passengers into the rapids immediately below the
three – every second. However, that figure varies falls since 1846. The plastic ponchos provided by With several other ways to gain a new
depending on the season and the time of day. In the crew (and recyclable at the end of the tour) perspective on the falls – helicopter, skywheel
late spring and early summer, when Lake Erie are a must, as the boat’s name is very apt – you or zipwire – Niagara Falls caters for every kind of
is at its highest, water flow reaches a peak – the will get soggy from the falls’ spray. It’s worth it, adventurous visitor. Just don’t expect to follow
maximum ever recorded was 6,400 cubic metres because there is truly no better way to experience in the footsteps of Charles Blondin, who liked to
every second. During the winter and at night, the 51-metre (167-foot) height of Horseshoe Falls walk across the waterfalls on a tightrope in the
when water is diverted to hydroelectric power than bobbing at the bottom and looking up at the 1850s, once even stopping to cook and eat an
wall of water tumbling towards you. omelette in the middle!

. UNITED STATES/CANADA . The Maid of the Mist has been The Americas
Waterfall dunking tourists underneath the

. Highlights . waterfalls since 1846
Ride on the iconic Maid of the Mist

Go behind Niagara Falls
Discover lesser-known waterfalls in the area

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY The Maple Leaf train, which runs
from NYC to Toronto, stops at Niagara Falls

STAY HERE The Oakes Hotel, which has
eliminated its use of plastic bottles

EXPLORE WITH The USA’s iconic Maid of the
Mist now has a fleet of zero-emissions ferries

. Best time to visit .
June to August (when water flow is greatest)

. Useful websites .
NIAGARAFALLSSTATEPARK.COM
NIAGARAFALLSTOURISM.COM

NIAGARAPARKS.COM

31

HAWAI’I VOLCANOES

A living, constantly changing national park – and it’s still growing

F ew things in nature inspire as much Puu Oo, the easternmost
primal sense of awe as witnessing the of Kilauea’s volcanic
raw power of a volcano, and in Hawai’i
Volcanoes National Park, you can witness not vents, spews molten lava
one, but two of the most famous volcanoes
The Americas on Earth. Kilauea is one of the world’s most
active volcanoes in historical times, and
Mauna Loa is the largest shield volcano . HAWAI’I, USA .
on the planet. It is these two volcanoes Volcano
that make up Hawai’i Volcanoes National
Park, which was established in 1916 to . Highlights .
preserve the rough natural diamond that Go hiking across the park – bring
is the southern part of Hawai’i Island, the good walking boots for rough ground
largest island in the Hawai’i archipelago. See where the lava meets the sea for a
Then again, ‘preserve’ might be the wrong
choice of word here, as those two extremely one-of-a-kind experience
active volcanoes have been reshaping and Climb to the Mauna Loa summit,
transforming the land around them almost 4,169m (13,679ft) above sea level
continuously.
. Ecotourism .
Kilauea has been erupting almost TRAVEL BY Use the ‘Hele-On’ public bus to get
constantly since 1983, in what is called an
effusive eruption, which is a non-explosive around the island for cheap
type of eruption. Instead of a big ash plume
with massive amounts of tephra released STAY HERE Volcano Eco Retreat fuses
into the air, Kilauea and Mauna Loa release Polynesian style with mod cons
hot, dense, flowing lava out through multiple
cracks and craters around the park, which EXPLORE WITH Discover Hawai’i Tours offers
flow like rivers of burning, melting rock. an ‘Eco Adventure’ day trip
These rivers often end up flowing into the
ocean, where you can witness dramatic . Best time to visit .
displays of the lava meeting the cold All year round due to relatively stable weather
seawater, resulting in massive plumes of
steam as the burning-hot lava instantly boils . Useful websites .
the water it comes in contact with.
NPS.GOV/HAVO
It goes without saying that all visitors to
Hawai’i Volcanoes National Park must take HAWAII.COM
extreme care when travelling there. The
park’s website is frequently updated with GOVISITHAWAII.COM
current volcanic activity, which can and often
does result in closures of one or more parts
of the national park. The reason is obvious –
the entire park is directly on top of two big
volcanoes, and new fissures can open up
almost anywhere within it, often with little
notice. Any safety notices must be adhered
to without fail because careless visitors can
easily find themselves in danger if they don’t
– indeed, there are recent examples from
2018 and 2019 where tourists who ventured
into closed-off areas were seriously injured.

There is a variety of activities available to
park visitors. This includes a crater rim drive
tour, which incorporates a stunning view
from an overlook point at Kilauea, various
hiking routes and programmes, and even
classes where you can learn many skills
mastered by Hawai’i natives and learn about
the rich history of Hawai’i and its people.

32

. ARGENTINA/BRAZIL .
Waterfall

. Highlights .

Visit the many viewpoints to see
the falls from every angle

Get an Iguazú ‘baptism’ on a boat ride
Meet the local wildlife at Parque das Aves

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY A tourist train runs around the site,

if you aren’t keen on walking

STAY HERE Carbon-neutral franchise Awasi has
opened up a new eco lodge close to the Falls

EXPLORE WITH Eco Iguasu operates tours on
the Brazilian and Argentinian sides of the Falls

. Best time to visit .
March to April and August to September

(for higher water levels)

. Useful websites .
CATARATASDOIGUACU.COM.BR

IGUAZUFALLS.COM
IGUAZUARGENTINA.COM/EN/

Iguazú Falls were voted one of The Americas
the ‘New7Wonders of Nature’

IGUAZU FALLS

These jaw-dropping waterfalls are an unmissable sight for any South American trip

Poor Niagara!” exclaimed former First Lady or double rainbows through the spray from this safaris and visits to native reservations – offering
Eleanor Roosevelt upon seeing Iguazú side of the border. plenty of experiences to make the most of your
Falls for the first time – and it’s not hard Iguazú adventure. One particular highlight on
to see why. Taller than Niagara and wider than Across the border, the Brazilian side provides the Brazilian side is the bird sanctuary, Parque
Victoria, Iguazú comprises around 275 distinct more panoramic views so you can marvel at the das Aves, which is the largest of its kind in South
falls over which an average of 1.5 million litres of full scale of the falls. You can also take helicopter America. It’s home to more than 800 birds (plus
water pour per second. They might not be the tours of the area (not currently available on the butterflies, reptiles and more) that are no longer
most famous, but the stunning staircase-like Argentinian side), to experience breathtaking able to live safely in the wild. Walking through
cascades of the Iguazú River are arguably the sights of the waterfalls from above. the park’s large aviaries you will encounter
most impressive. wonderful tropical birds like macaws, toucans
Both sides offer boat tours, which are a and parakeets, and meet them face-to-beak.
The falls are located along the border between fantastic way to get closer to appreciate the sheer
Argentina and Brazil, so you can visit from either power of the cascades. Just be sure to bring For a truly unforgettable stay, you can book
country. Each side provides a different vista waterproofs with you – some trips will include an rooms with unparalleled views at one of the two
and range of experiences for tourists. It’s worth Iguazú ‘baptism’, taking you right under the falling luxury five-star hotels overlooking the Iguazú
visiting both if you can, but if you only have the water to get sprayed! Falls: Hotel Meliá Iguazú (Argentinian side) and
time or budget for one, it all depends on what Belmond das Cataratas (Brazilian side). However,
you’d most like to see. The falls are located within two national there are plenty of other, more wallet-friendly
parks, which are UNESCO World Heritage sites. accommodation options in the nearby cities
The majority of the falls can be accessed on Besides the waterfalls themselves, both Iguazú of Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, and Puerto Iguazú,
the Argentinian side; there are more vantage National Park (Argentina) and Iguaçu National Argentina, for budget-conscious travellers. You
points and you can get within touching distance Park (Brazil) contain lush subtropical rainforests, can get to the falls from both cities by bus, but
of the falls along several circuits of man-made home to rare flora and fauna, including jaguars, many hotels will organise shuttle services or
walkways. If you’re visiting on a sunny day, you tapirs, giant anteaters and harpy eagles. private taxis for you, which will be quicker.
are also much more likely to see glorious single
Several operators run tours to explore the
parks beyond the waterfalls – such as jungle

33

. BRAZIL . The dunes are sculpted in
Lagoons and Dunes the dry season and filled

. Highlights . in the wetter months

Dive into the crystal-clear ponds at Lagoa Azul
Rent a 4x4 and ride across the
50m (164ft) dunes

Watch light and shadow play over the
otherworldly landscape at sunset

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Get the bus to the nearby town of

Atins from São Luís International Airport

STAY HERE Maré de Atins Eco Lodge, a
bungalow complex outside the National Park

EXPLORE WITH Eco Adventure Tour, a Brazilian
company that focuses on responsible travel

. Best time to visit .
June to September, when the lagoons

are at their deepest

. Useful websites .

ICMBIO.GOV.BR

VISITBRASIL.COM/EN

BIT.LY/3DXW5MJ

The Americas

LENCOIS MARANHENSES

In northeast Brazil, the elements transpire to create the most unlikely of partnerships

Strewn across Brazil’s northeast coastline a week. Adventurers sail down the mangroves environmentally friendly alternative to hiking
state of Maranhão is a natural marvel of Rio Preguiças, named after its resident sloth the taxing dunes.
unlike any other. A desert of alternating population, before traversing the dunes, and
white sand dunes and sparkling turquoise bathing in the crystalline blue and green lagoons. The national park is home to an array of
lagoons stretches out towards the horizon, like a By the full moon, they sleep beneath the stars – wildlife, including the endangered scarlet
million perfectly crumpled little beaches. snug in the hammocks and fishermen’s huts of ibis, neotropical otter, northern tiger cat and
the village of Atins and the oasis communities of manatees. Meanwhile, the mangroves are
Covering 1,554 square kilometres (600 Baixa Grande and Queimada dos Britos. also host the spectacled caiman, red brocket
square miles), across 70 kilometres (44 miles) and lowland paca. At times, when local rivers
of shoreline, the national park is one of Brazil’s Casual day-trippers, who might prefer to find cut through, fish are able to make their way
unsung wonders, and South America’s largest their own way to the dunes or play in the sand into the temporary pools – some, such as the
field of sand dunes. The best way to truly can hire local guides and transportation from wolfish, even embedding themselves in the
immerse yourself in Lençóis Maranhenses is with the city of Barreirinhas, 250 kilometres (155 mud until the wet season begins.
an extended hike. These typically set off from miles) from São Luís. But if slogging through
the state capital and former colonial city of São sand gets too much for you, just add horses – Although approximately a third of the
Luís, rambling by sun and moon for just shy of multi-day horseback rides are a memorable, planet’s land surface is covered in desert,
there is no other quite like this.

34

GALAPAGOS

The only place on Earth where you can meet tropical penguins, giant tortoises and blue-footed boobies

E arly explorers called this volcanic but the most iconic of them all has to be the is fairly consistent all year round. Temperatures
archipelago ‘Las Islas Encantadas’ (The giant tortoise. The islands were even named range from 21 to 30 degrees Celsius (70 to 86
Enchanted Isles), and for good reason. after them, as Galápagos means tortoise in degrees Fahrenheit), so there is no bad time
Isolated from humans, over 966 kilometres Spanish. Specimens grow more than 1.5 metres to visit. Having visited more than once, TV
(600 miles) west of Ecuador, South America, (five feet) in length and live for over 100 years legend and naturalist Sir David Attenborough
the extraordinary flora and fauna have evolved – the longest lifespan of all vertebrates. You’ll recommends allowing a week to see as many
undisturbed. The results of ‘nature’s greatest find them taking a refreshing bath in the warm critters as you can.
experiment’ captivated naturalist Charles volcanic mud.
Darwin; his observations of the Galápagos Not only are the Galápagos Islands a
Islands in 1835 inspired his theory of evolution. Crystal-clear waters, blue skies and a national park, they are also number one on the
breathtaking selection of more than 2,900 UNESCO World Heritage list to protect its fragile
Many creatures are completely unique to the species of marine fauna qualify this as one ecosystem. For this reason, many parts are
Galápagos Islands, and because they evolved of the world’s greatest snorkelling and diving only accessible in the company of a guide, and
without major predators, they aren’t fazed when destinations. If you’re seeking undersea both cruises and land-based tours are available.
humans pay them a visit. Rare tropical penguins, adventures, the best time of year to visit is There are 19 islands – 13 large and six small –
marine iguanas (the only ocean-swimming during the rainy season, starting from as early with a multitude of islets, but you don’t need to
lizards) and birds with bright blue feet are just as December to as late as June. However, due to visit them all to make the most of this natural
some of the incredible animals that thrive there, the islands’ proximity to the equator, the climate wonder of the world.

. ECUADOR . Marine iguanas are the only ocean-swimming lizards The Americas
Archipelago on the planet, and are just some of the incredible
animals that thrive on the Galápagos Islands
. Highlights .
Take the picturesque walking

path along Tortuga Bay
Visit the fascinating exhibits of the
Charles Darwin Research Stations
Enjoy the catch of the day in Puerto Ayora’s

fish market restaurant

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Surprisingly, cruising is often the
most responsible way to see the Galapagos

STAY HERE Finch Bay Hotel, a luxury resort
that has a sustainable operational structure

EXPLORE WITH Ecoventura Cruises, a company
with a small fleet of eco-conscious superyachts

. Best time to visit .
Any time

. Useful websites .

GALAPAGOS.GOB.EC/EN
ECUADOREXPLORER.COM
GALAPAGOSISLANDS.COM

35

TORRES DEL PAINE

A world of peaks, lakes and glaciers, Torres del Paine is Patagonian wilderness at its most spectacular

The Americas A t the southern tip of South America’s abundant wildlife. Though it would take years Patagonia’s answer to Jurassic Park. Unscathed
spine, the majestic Andes reveals its to truly explore its every precipice and pampa, by the devastating forest fire of 2011, the valley’s
grand finale: Torres del Paine National for most visitors, merely witnessing a slice of its carpet of moss, usnea and fern has continued
Park. A cacophony of teal lakes, Magellan forests, untamed landscape is enough. to flourish and today wild cows roam free. Just
and gigantic blue glaciers, it’s a geological north, the Cerro Zapata peak, though challenging,
treasure trove sprawling more than 227,000 World-famous peaks, thorny massifs and can be summited without technical experience,
hectares (560,929 acres) across southern iconic passes crowd this remote corner of rewarding conquerors with spectacular views of
Chile. At its heart, three cloud-cloaked spires the world, making it a hiking mecca. While Tyndall Glacier.
erupt from the bowels of the earth, thrusting a network of trails – ranging from two-hour
heavenward. The highest soars 2,884 metres rambles to ten-day treks – weave across the For real wanderers, exploring off-trail is
(9,462 feet) over the Patagonian steppe, flanked park, most adventurers opt for one of the two possible, but often requires a semi-technical
by two twisted towers – together the three classic multi-day circuits: the ‘W’ or the ‘O’. approach. Off-limits to self-guided hikers, the
granite monoliths are Torres del Paine, the park’s Both offer excellent hiking infrastructure, well- Silencio and Bader valleys offer up some
namesake landmark. maintained trails and designated campsites. incredible climbing spots, including Cerro

Founded in 1959 and named a UNESCO The five-day W rolls through the grassy tundra, See if you can catch sight of a
Biosphere Reserve in 1978, Torres del Paine where herds of baby guanaco – the cousin of puma or any of the other wildlife
is regarded by many as the eighth wonder of the llama, camel and alpaca – roll in the dust. that calls Torres del Paine home
the world. Today, its rugged wilderness draws Following the banks of Lago Grey, the trail
more than 250,000 visitors a year – lured by its passes Glacier Grey – an iconic sweep of ice As the park’s most famous attraction,
spectacular scenery, unrivalled hiking trails and stretching out to the horizon – before ascending most hiking trails pass by the base of
the French Valley, a magnificent gorge sat in the these magnificent granite columns
Nestled organically into the hillside, the shadow of the black slate horns of Los Cuernos.
luxurious Awasi Patagonia is the perfect The trail continues past waterfalls to Mirador
antidote to a long day exploring the wilderness Las Torres at the base of the three towers, via a
60-minute boulder scramble. Every morning, at
A LITTLE LUXURY first light, the sheer granite faces of Torres del
Paine’s peaks are bathed in pink.
While low-cost campsites and refugios
dot the hiking trails, those in search of a The popular 80-kilometre (50-mile) trail
balanced blend of adventure and luxury is best hiked from west to east, to save the
need not look far. For those craving solitude, toughest sections for when backpacks are at
Awasi Patagonia, situated in its own private their lightest, and is dotted with cozy refugios –
reserve featuring just 14 villas, is the ultimate no-frills guesthouses offering hearty meals,
indulgence. With each villa assigned a private robust Chilean wine and comfortable beds.
guide and four-wheel-drive, guests can Alternatively, there are free and paid camping
explore at their own pace. sites at regular intervals.

Overlooking Lake Pehoe and Torres del Meanwhile, the O circuit covers the W trail, in
Paine’s granite towers, Explora Patagonia addition to the less travelled but picture-perfect
offers a luxurious base from which to explore north side of the park. Rolling 110 kilometres
the park. Its full-board packages include (68 miles) anticlockwise from Refugio Las
accommodation, locally sourced cuisine and Torres, the trail snakes past beech forests,
40 exciting excursions. barren slopes and turquoise lakes, offering
up mesmerising views of Glacier Grey at the
Alternatively, hidden away next to the highest, and most challenging, point of the
Serrano river, the Rio Serrano Hotel + Spa trek, John Gardner Pass. Although refugios
is perfectly located for fishing, horse riding, are available across much of the nine-day trail,
kayaking and off-the-beaten-track hiking. Its camping is the only option in its more isolated
spa, swimming pool and sweeping veranda reaches – the solitude and spectacular sights
provide the ultimate relaxation at the end of a are enough to persuade even the most ardent of
busy day, and the huge windows in every room indoor sleepers to set up under the stars.
reveal magnificent views of the massif, bathed
in pink and orange at sunrise and sunset. While Torres del Paine’s W and O circuits
host up to 300 people a day, some of its
lesser-known tracks see fewer than 100 a year.
For hardened hikers hoping to push further
into the Chilean backcountry, Pingo Valley is

“MOST OF TORRES DEL PAINE’ S ICONIC
SIGHTS ARE JUST A DAY’ S HIK E FROM

THE PARK’ S HOTELS AND LODGES”

36

Lake and Glacier Gray in
Torres del Paine National Park

Fortaleza and Cerro Escudo, known as ‘The decade ago, Grey Glacier stretches 28 kilometres Although summer visitors The Americas
Shield’. To the east, the red and orange Sierra (17 miles) long and forms part of the Southern will have to compete with the
Baguales mountain range seems like an Patagonian Ice Field, one of the largest expanses crowds, the weather is ideal
otherworldly transplant – out of place in the of ice in the world.
Patagonian wild. Once covered by ocean, today for exploring the park
thousands of fossils, including shark teeth, are Those keen to explore the frozen wilderness
buried beneath its surface. up close can board kayaks and glide past black Whether on foot or horseback, the park’s
beaches and sub-Antarctic forests towards the diverse ecosystem captivates those lucky enough
For travellers hoping to balance comfort and icy mass. Lapped by waves, bergs sparkle in the to visit, featuring 26 mammal species and over
adventure, most of Torres del Paine’s iconic afternoon sunlight as they float south, carried 100 different birds. Overhead, Andean condors
sights are just a day’s hike from the park’s hotels by Patagonia’s famously fierce knock-you-down circle and swoop – with a wingspan of over three
and lodges. The enchanting French Valley can westerlies to a soundtrack of creaking ice. metres (ten feet), it’s one of the largest species
be conquered in six hours, and is considered by of bird on earth. Meanwhile, endangered huemul
many as the most beautiful in the park. Not for Back on dry land, Torres del Paine’s vast deer cautiously graze along remote trails, their
the faint of heart, the steep two-kilometre (1.2- pampas and metamorphic mountains offer unusually large ears pricked in case they need to
mile) Mirador Ferrier trail ascends quickly, but brilliant riding trails for experienced equestrians make a run for it. Even the notoriously shy nandu,
graciously rewards weary travellers with views – after all, this has been horse country ever since the South American ostrich, can be spotted
of the saw-toothed peak of Mount Ferrier and remote cattle herders and lone gauchos were running with wings spread wide. One of the
glacier-studded lakes. the only ones roaming the land. Mounting stocky world’s fastest land animals, it can reach speeds
criollo horses, riders canter between working of up to 80 kilometres (50 miles) per hour. Once
Journeys through Torres del Paine don’t end estancias, exploring ever-changing landscapes the sun begins to set, the park’s most elusive
at the water’s edge. Boats sail across Lago Grey, and remote landmarks like Glacier Dickson. residents finally make an appearance – a solitary
past huge, house-sized hunks of blue-tinged puma slinks through the long grass, searching for
ice, to the foot of Grey Glacier. Standing 30 its next meal. In the distance, the peaks bid adieu
metres (98 feet) tall, its white face is scarred to the day, as the horizon bleeds ever darker, and
with crevices and ribbons of deep blue. Despite the stars begin their shift.
the fact that it’s thinning twice as fast as it was a

Torres del Paine’s rugged landscape is dominated by
the Paine Massif, a rocky spur of the Andes that looms
high above the Patagonian steppe

. CHILE .
Mountain Range

. Highlights .
Stand at the base of the ‘Three Towers’
Don’t miss the electric blue Salto Grande waterfall
The French Valley is a must for hardy hikers

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Horse trekking like a gaucho is the best

way to see the region
STAY HERE EcoCamp Patagonia claims to be the

world’s first geodesic dome hotel
EXPLORE WITH BlueGreen Adventures caters to

conscientious travellers

. Best time to visit .
April to June

. Useful websites .
TORRESDELPAINE.COM/EN

ECOCAMP.TRAVEL
BLUEGREENADVENTURES.COM

37

LAKE TITICACA

A vast lake worthy of diving into, the birthplace of the Sun and a humble culture built on reeds

The largest lake in South America and, toys and crafts. Today, each island is home to one lie, and do not be lazy’. Keep an eye out for the
according to Andean belief, the birthplace to ten Uros families, who now use the ancient homemade knitted hats that the local men wear.
of the Sun, Lake Titicaca sits nestled tradition of weaving totora reeds as a means of These hats represent key stages of life – a white
between Bolivia and Peru. The endless blue lake attracting tourists to their hand-built homes. segment means that a man is single, while a red
is home to many local farmers who still harvest hat identifies that he is married. If you have a bit
the land by hand without the use of industrial Most tours to the floating islands begin from of time to spare and fancy immersing yourself
equipment. Most of the attraction to the lake the boat dock in Puno, where you can begin a further into the culture, then why not consider a
two-hour tour by boat to explore the mysterious homestay in Taquile? Although accommodation
is due to local indigenous cultures still calling it culture. Look out for the totora horses, the local and food are basic here, you can expect cultural
home. Some of the people who live here wear way of navigating the waterways – these boats enrichment and a taste of local living. If you
sandals made from recycled tyre trucks, call float gracefully on the waters of the lake, and are travelling from Bolivia, then the island of
llamas pets, and invite you to visit their floating are also made out of the malleable totora reeds. Anapia might be more suited. This island is more
islands made from straw. One of the common Another key attraction for tourists visiting the lake isolated and less-known to travellers, so you can
appeals to visiting this lake is the latter, the Islas is the Island Taquile. The island is famous for its expect more of an authentic experience to the
Uros. This chain of buoyant islands are hand- textiles and, in particular, its weaving and knitting. indigenous culture.
woven by totora reeds, a tradition taught by Taquile can be reached by a 90-minute boat
Andean ancestors who sought refuge from the ride. The island is inhabited by 3,000 Quechua- Sandwiched between Bolivia and Peru, Lake
Inca Empire here. These reeds are partially edible speaking Taquilenos, who run their community Titicaca is an unmissable stop for any South
and used by Uros tribes to build homes, boats, on the Inca moral code of ‘do not steal, do not American journey.

The Americas

. BOLIVIA/PERU .
Lake

. Highlights .
Discover indigenous culture on Islas Uros
Sail across the lake on an elaborate reed raft
Explore ruins from the Tiwanaku culture

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Kayak through the lake with an
experienced guide for a carbon-neutral trip
STAY HERE Suasi Island, in the heart of the lake,

has its own eco-lodge accommodations
EXPLORE WITH Lago Tour, a locally-run tour

company that uses bilingual tour guides

. Best time to visit .
May to October

. Useful websites .
CRUZDELSUR.COM.PE

BOLIVIAHOP.COM
PERUHOP.COM/TOURS/LAKE-TITICACA

The picturesque view of Islas Uros
and its iconic floating islands

38

. BELIZE . The Great Blue Hole was once
Marine Sinkhole thought to be home to sea
monsters of Mayan legend
. Highlights .
Snorkel over the colourful life on the coral reef
Dive into the depths to trace the vertical walls

See the sinkhole’s vast size from the air
with a pleasure flight

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Water taxi, the greenest way to

resort islands from the mainland
STAY HERE Xanadu Island Resort, a Green
Globe certified beach resort in easy reach of

the Great Blue Hole
EXPLORE WITH Stressless Eco Friendly Tours,

based on nearby Caye Caulker Island

. Best time to visit .
April to June for the best marine life

. Useful websites .
BELIZE.COM/BELIZE-BLUE-HOLE

TRAVELBELIZE.ORG
DIVE-THE-WORLD.COM

The Americas

GREAT BLUE HOLE
Dive down fifty shades of blue

In 1971, Jacques Cousteau anchored his collapsed under the strain and, when the glaciers remains of two of the probable three unlucky
ship Calypso near a dark blue circular retreated and sea levels rose again, the vast divers who went missing while exploring the hole.
discolouration of the Belize Barrier Reef, a open space flooded to create the world’s largest
section of the second-longest coral reef in the marine sinkhole. Terraces on the otherwise While most people can’t go as deep as the
world. The underwater explorer was recording his vertical sides of the sinkhole suggest that sea Cousteaus, it is easy to explore a little of the inky
television series The Undersea World of Jacques water filled the Great Blue Hole in four distinct blue depth with scuba gear. Parrotfish, turtles,
Cousteau, and the resulting programme would be inundations separated by thousands of years. reef sharks and rays are common sightings; bull
the first time audiences became acquainted with sharks and hammerheads are less regular but
the Great Blue Hole. Cousteau wasn’t able to reach the bottom an awe-inspiring sight when they do appear. If
of the 125-metre (410-feet) drop, but a 2018 scuba isn’t your thing – and only experienced
Measuring 318 metres (1,043 feet) across, the expedition that included his grandson Fabien did. divers should attempt the Great Blue Hole – the
stunning marine sinkhole was formed during Submarines found a graveyard of conch shells colourful corals near the surface are teeming
recent ice ages when glaciers sucked water whose inhabitants had wandered too close to the with life and easily seen with a snorkel or from
from the oceans and the sea floor near Belize lip of the sinkhole and tumbled inside. Tiny tracks the safety of a glass-bottom boat. Whichever way
was dry. Cousteau descended beneath the indicated that they desperately tried to get back you enjoy the mysterious blue circle, hop aboard
waves, spotting stalactites and stalagmites up to up before the oxygen-depleted water suffocated one of the many day trips from Belize’s coastal
12 metres (40 feet) in length that proved the hole them. Also among the discoveries on the bottom resorts before returning to lounge in a beach
was once a limestone cave system slowly eroded of the Great Blue Hole were a Coca Cola bottle, hammock with a cocktail. If only all expeditions
by rainfall. The roof of the caves eventually a lost GoPro containing holiday photos, and the to see nature’s wonders ended like this.

39

The energy from the impact would be enough . ARIZONA, USA .
to power an average Arizona household for Impact crater
more than 10 million years
. Highlights .
Take the guided rim tour to learn from the experts

Touch the meteorites in the Discovery Center
See the space race memorabilia, including an

Apollo module simulator

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Hybrid car; it’s difficult to reach

Meteor Crater other than by road

STAY HERE Meteor Crater RV Park, with camping
facilities for those who want a tent rather
than an RV

EXPLORE WITH Ask the local car hire companies
for a fuel-efficient/hybrid model

. Best time to visit .
October to May to avoid the heat of summer

. Useful websites .
METEORCRATER.COM
BARRINGERCRATER.COM
METEORITE.COM/METEOR-CRATER

The Americas

METEOR CRATER

Gaze over the moon-like scar left by a visitor from space

B linding light was the first indication of a was once perhaps six metres (20 feet) higher, The price of admission includes a 45-minute
localised apocalypse. The lives of the but the crater floor is still more than 170 metres tour to the rim with a knowledgeable guide. Here,
giant ground sloths and mammoths that (560 feet) deep. Before the land dried up, a lake it’s possible to see the area’s unusual inverted
inhabited the verdant grassland and woodland of formed at the bottom and the remains of long- stratigraphy where rock layers are stacked in
what is now Arizona were suddenly ended when dead marine life can still be found. the reverse order to how they normally occur;
a meteorite around 50 metres (160 feet) across, for more than one kilometre from the crater’s
weighing 300,000 tons, hurtled into the ground Still owned by the descendants of Daniel edge, the impact literally flipped the land over.
at 12 kilometres (eight miles) per second. The Barringer, an early 20th-century engineer who It’s not possible to wander along the rim or into
10-megaton explosion left a 1.2-kilometre (0.75- spent a lifetime trying to convince sceptical the crater, although there are dedicated viewing
mile) scar. Any animals within four kilometres scientists that the crater was the result of an platforms accessible from the Discovery Center.
(2.5 miles) would have been killed and up to impact from space rather than volcanic activity, Don’t miss the exhibits and displays explaining
1,500 square kilometres (580 square miles) of Meteor Crater never became the iron ore mine the crater’s intricate geology and the meteorite
vegetation may have been destroyed. Barringer hoped it would. The vast majority of the that caused it, including a 638-kilogram
valuable meteorite vaporised on impact. Instead, (1,400-pound) meteorite found nearby and
50,000 years have passed since the it became a tourist attraction – an increasingly smaller, touchable fragments from the Meteor
catastrophic event yet the crater remains, partly popular one after the space race led to a boom Crater meteorite. The cinema and 4D Experience
thanks to climate change that transformed the in all things extra-terrestrial and the presence Room help to put the unimaginable forces of the
area into the dry, arid desert of today with little of rare minerals finally confirmed Barringer’s impact into some sense of perspective.
erosion to eat away the huge hole. The rim crest meteoric explanation of the crater’s origins.

40

MONUMENT VALLEY

Experience the Wild West, an area of solitude and staggering beauty

M onument Valley may have been the or buttes, that rise from the valley floor reaching the Valley – be sure to get up early to see the
perfect setting for gunslinging cowboys 1,000 feet (300 metres) at their peak. Said to incredible rocks as the sun rises.
in the American West, but there’s have once been a huge canyon, much like the
much more to the place than this. Located on mighty Grand Canyon, Monument Valley came The 27-kilometre (17-mile) Valley Drive loop
the Utah-Arizona border, Monument Valley only to be after a geological process over millions of is a scenic journey that tours the most popular
started to rise as an attraction in the 1930s years. Formation through erosion and tectonic sites, including the Mittens Buttes, Three Sisters,
when Hollywood director John Ford featured plate movement, along with the flow of rivers Yei-Bi-Chei and North Window. You won’t need
the Valley in his Wild West films. Before white that have cut their course, the Valley’s vast a 4x4 to get around, with roads accessible in an
settlers moved in, the Valley was a place where sandstone buttes tower over the red desert of average car, though you may cross sandy tracks
the Navajo Indians roamed and called their home. the Colorado Plateau. and loose rocks in places. If you want to venture
In fact, even today, the Navajo Tribe is the largest further into the Valley to see areas such as Lower
American Indian tribe in the United States. Experiencing Monument Valley can be Monument Valley to see the Totem Pole and
completed in less than a day. However, due other rock formations, the Mystery Valley tour
Whatever comes to mind when looking at the to its remote location and long travel times can provide an alternative route, only accessible
fiery-coloured vistas (and putting the Wild West to anywhere outside of the Valley, there are by a Navajo-led tour, lasting three to four hours
aside for one moment), Monument Valley is numerous accommodation options to stay and costing on average $90 per person. There
unlike any other part of USA, or even the world overnight. Campgrounds, B&Bs and other are also other longer, pricier excursions available
for that matter. The vast desert landscape is lodgings provide a pleasant night’s snooze, with that include sunset views over Monument Valley
interrupted by giant upright sandstone pillars, many offering panoramic views out across and dinner after a long day’s touring.

At sunrise, the red rocks of The Americas
Monument Valley start to
glow as the silhouettes fade

. ARIZONA/UTAH, USA .
Valley

. Highlights .
Experience the valley on horseback

away from the crowds
Get to know Navajo tribespeople and their land

Go off road and book a 4x4 tour

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Ride the 27km (16.7 mile) round

loop by bicycle
STAY HERE Camp overnight in the Mitten

View Campground
EXPLORE WITH Take a Navajo-led excursion with

Dineh BeKeyah Tours

. Best time to visit .
April or September for cooler weather

. Useful websites .

MONUMENTVALLEY.ORG
NAVAJONATIONPARKS.ORG
UTAH.COM/MONUMENT-VALLEY

41

CATATUMBO LIGHTNING

The place in Venezuela where lightning strikes the same spot a thousand times

T here’s nothing quite as awe-inspiring as Andes mountains, which surround the region. It’s carry sacks of cash just to buy a loaf of bread
the full force of a thunderstorm, and the a natural crucible for thunderstorm creation, but – if they are able to find somewhere that sells
tropics tend to do them particularly well. then methane from the swampy plains acts as it (there are over 3 million Bolivars to the pound
But if you’re seeking night after night of natural a catalyst to increase the likelihood of lightning – sterling at the time of writing). Venezuela already
light shows, you should put the western side of and that’s it for the science. has a history of kidnappings and violence, and
Venezuela on your bucket list. Here, where the the current economic climate just makes it more
The result is a better light show than anything likely for tourists to be robbed, so be mindful of
Catatumbo River empties into Lake Maracaibo, you’re ever likely to see, which is obviously far this if you’re planning a trip for the near future.
the planets have aligned – or rather, a perfect more dramatic at night. If you find yourself
storm of the elements have come together to a viewing spot away from sources of light If you’re going to travel safely through
provide almost perpetual lightning over the pollution, you might also get a spectacular Venezuela to see Catatumbo lightning, then you
lake. ‘Almost’ perpetual because it’s not actually cosmic backdrop. If you’re a keen photographer, should definitely book a tour via a reputable
continually firing – just for around ten hours a long-exposure can bring out the ferocity of a organisation, and make sure you do your
day for half the days of the year, and that’s only thunderstorm contrasted with the serenity of the homework before you leave. Perhaps stay in
been happening for the last few centuries of Milky Way. the nearby city of Mérida, and combine your
recorded history. It went through a lull in early night-time light show with daytime sights of
2010, when there was no lightning at all for a But, as is sadly the case with many sights on river dolphins, monkeys and local flora on the
couple of months, and everyone thought climate an international jetsetter’s bucket list, Venezuela Catatumbo River. Perhaps even explore some of
change had finally put this spectacle to sleep. is not the most accessible or the safest of the nearby Andean villages. It might be that you’d
countries to visit, especially at the moment. The prefer to place Catatumbo further down your
The reason it happens is thought to be country is experiencing its worst recession in bucket list for now, and wait until the situation
threefold: warm and moist air sweeps across recent history, and hyperinflation has the Bolivar settles down, but it is a truly unique experience.
the lake and hits the cold air coming from the devalued to the point where Venezuelans have to

The Americas A perfect storm (pun intended) of meteorological
© Alamyconditions occur at the mouth of the Catatumbo

River, to form perpetual lightning

. VENEZUELA .
Weather Event

. Highlights .
Watch incredible lightning displays

Kayak the Catatumbo River
Stay in a stilt house for the best views

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Trekking and hiking is a great way

to see the incredible natural surroundings

STAY HERE There are a number of eco lodges
and stilt houses near the lake

EXPLORE WITH Angel Eco Tours, which
contributes some of its profits to preserve

local communities

. Best time to visit .
Wet season (May to October)

. Useful websites .
GOV.UK/FOREIGN-TRAVEL-ADVICE

ARAGUATO.ORG/EN
ANGEL-ECOTOURS.COM

42

. BOLIVIA . The Americas
Salt Flat

. Highlights .
Take selfies using amazing natural lighting
Go on a 4x4 trip to the centre of the flats
Explore the hot springs and other geological

marvels in the area

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Hire a bike to lightly whizz

across the lake’s surface
STAY HERE Kachi Lodge, which offers incredible

igloos with a view of the night stars
EXPLORE WITH Nick’s Adventures, a new
bespoke tour company based in Santa Cruz

. Best time to visit .
December to April

. Useful websites .
BOLIVIAHOP.COM
BOLIVIANLIFE.COM
VISITBOLIVIA.ORG

Salt cones on the reflected
surface of the salt flat

SALAR DE UYUNI
Take a selfie in the world’s largest mirror in Bolivia

No trip to Bolivia would be complete without chased by giants. When planning a visit during as there is no direct bus to Uyuni, it can become
a visit to the world’s largest salt flats – the the wet season, it’s best to be mindful of the quite an unpleasant experience. Therefore, if
Salar de Uyuni. Nestled amid the Andes at rainfall, as heavy downpours can sometimes lead travelling from Chile it is easier to book a three-
3,565 metres (11,696 feet) above sea level lie the to tour cancellations. From May to November, day tour.
endless stretch of salt flats covering a whopping travellers can expect a different kind of view as
10,582 square kilometres (4,086 square miles) of the flats become covered in salt, making the Once reaching the small, dusty village of Uyuni,
landscape appear stark and endlessly white. It is you will find that it is well equipped with various
land that was once prehistoric lakes. During wet also during this season that the ground becomes tour operators offering 4x4 trips into the centre
season, running from December to April, these a lucrative exportation site for salt and lithium. of the world’s giant mirage. Many of these tour
flats are covered with a thin sheet of water, which operators either run short tours of one day or
enables the sky to be perfectly mirrored onto the During the dry season, travellers can expect extended tours of three days. These tours are
ground. Many tourists pause here to play with the to be able to explore parts of the salt flats that frequently run in mixed groups, and are a great
endless backdrop and the depth of field. are usually unexplorable during the wet season. way of meeting new friends. Dependent on time,
There are many entry points to the salt flats from it is worth embarking on the latter option, as
Before embarking on your tour, it’s a good both Bolivia and Chile, but the most common it enables you to explore more of the Atiplano
idea to pack a silly prop so that you can stage jumping-off point is Uyuni, Bolivia. From Bolivia, region en route to the salt flats. You can marvel at
unrealistic scenes and play with the perspective the common route to Uyuni is from La Paz, which many of the other sites that Mother Nature has
of the boundless horizon. Toy dinosaurs are is around eight hours away from Uyuni. The to offer, including deserts, volcanoes, geysers, hot
a common accessory for tourists. If placed less recommended route is from San Pedro de springs and high-altitude lakes, before stopping
correctly, they can be used to stage battle scenes Atacama, Chile. This is an 11-hour journey and at the jaw-dropping site of the salt flats.
and make it appear as though you are being

43

The incredible city of Rio de . BRAZIL .
Janeiro has been developed Natural Harbour
around its natural surroundings
. Highlights .
Visit the iconic Christ the Redeemer statue

Ride the cable car up to Sugarloaf
Mountain for panoramic views
The beautiful and lively Copacabana

is a must-see

. Ecotourism .
TRAVEL BY Metro train travel is best way to

get around the city
STAY HERE Arena Leme offers rooms that

utilise Rio’s natural resources
EXPLORE WITH Rio Natural provides some of
the best hiking tours of Tijuca National Park

. Best time to visit .
December to March

. Useful websites .
RIODEJANEIRO.COM
ROUGHGUIDES.COM

WIKITRAVEL.ORG

The Americas

RIO DE JANEIRO HARBOUR

Rio de Janeiro’s great harbour is both spectacular and otherworldly

Known for its iconic Copacabana beach, leaving behind the delicately shaped hills and The islands further out to sea are lined by
Christ the Redeemer and an array of mountains we see today. forests and give Rio de Janeiro its surreal
sprawling shanty towns, Brazil’s beautiful landscape. Sitting atop Mount Corcovado, the
seaside city of Rio de Janeiro is a true natural Visitors to Rio de Janeiro can take enjoyment 30-metre (98-feet) high Christ the Redeemer
marvel. When Portuguese explorers first arrived from a bounty of cultural and natural sites. Much statue is a religious symbol that was constructed
at the city’s harbour at the beginning of the of what the city has to offer is best reached as between 1922 and 1931 and weighs in at more
16th century, they discovered what was a vast part of a tour group, as a local guide will know all than 600 tons. Visitors can drive up to see the
shoreline stretching 32 kilometres (20 miles) the best sights, sounds and smells. But it’s not statue either using their own vehicles or as part
just the cultural aspects that make this a great of a guided tour group.
inland. They named the place after the month place to visit. The landscape and vegetation of
they had landed, “January River”. What they once mountains and harbour have been providing To get a real sense of the scale of Rio de
thought was a great river was actually a giant bay inspiration for authors and screenwriters around Janeiro, it’s recommended to step away from the
comprising over 130 islands, with the tallest peak the globe for centuries. The Two Brothers, a hill busy streets and to experience nature up close.
being ‘The Hunchback’ reaching up to 2,300 feet formation making the backdrop behind Ipanema There are numerous hiking trails in Tijuca Forest.
(700 metres) above sea level. The oddly shaped Beach, dominate the skyline. Whether you are A lush tropical rainforest in the North Zone of the
harbour was formed by the soft gneiss rock into surfing, or just want to find time to relax on a city, Tijuca Forest is the perfect place to explore
and hard granite stone interacting and eroding beach, the vast shores of Ipanema Beach provide and to take in the natural surrounding landscape,
with the help of ocean waters and strong winds, the perfect spot for taking it all in. visiting waterfalls along the way.

44

BANFF

Canada’s great outdoors is begging to be explored in this natural wonderland

Keep an eye out for bears and W ith its turquoise lakes, colossal pines
other Canadian wildlife during your and snow-capped mountains, Banff
Rocky Mountain adventure National Park’s natural beauty makes
it a recognisable location. Canada’s first national
park draws crowds from around the world, but its The Americas
size and variety make it the ideal place to reflect on
. CANADA . nature’s majesty in peace.
National Park
Situated high in Alberta’s Rocky Mountains, Banff
. Highlights . town is where many journeys through the national
park begin. The main thoroughfare is Banff Avenue,
Get active with year-round outdoor pursuits where hotels, restaurants, cafés and shops compete
Seek out iconic Canadian wildlife for business from the many tourists.

Take a dip in the natural hot springs It’s easy to reach many of Banff’s best attractions
from the town, including Bow Falls, a scenic hike less
. Ecotourism . than half an hour away on foot. Also nearby is the
TRAVEL BY The Rocky Mountaineer train from famous Banff Springs Hotel. This grand structure
was built by Canadian Pacific Railway in 1914, and
Vancouver is an unmissable experience resembles a giant castle in the mountains. Luxury is
an understatement here – there are 11 restaurants
STAY HERE Banff Aspen Lodge has an on site, a 27-hole golf course and a spa with its own
incentive for being green: if you opt out of waterfalls. That’s not to mention the 757 stylish
rooms, many of which boast sensational views of the
housekeeping, you get a free hot drink surrounding wilderness.

EXPLORE WITH E-bikes and e-bike tours can Don’t worry if you don’t have the holiday budget
be taken with Banff Cycle to stay in such opulent accommodation – Banff is
an unforgettable place whether you’re inhabiting
. Best time to visit . a tent or a palace. Lake Louise personifies the
June to August (for hiking) or December beauty of the area like nowhere else, its shimmering
emerald surface providing the muse for infinite Insta-
to March (for skiing) worthy photographs. Louise is only the most famous
of the many mesmerising lakes found throughout
. Useful websites . Banff National Park. 14 kilometres (nine miles)
BANFF.CA away, Moraine Lake’s glacially fed waters provide an
alternative spot for reflective wandering. Canoeing
BANFFLAKELOUISE.COM on either lake is an unforgettable experience – the
BANFFANDBEYOND.COM quietest time to go is in the evening, when day-
trippers disappear and leave you to enjoy the
splendour uninterrupted.

For hiking, Johnston Canyon provides options for
all abilities. A quick and easy walk can be had by
making your way to the lower falls, while those who
wish to be challenged can continue climbing to the
upper falls and the canyon beyond.

Prefer to enjoy nature spotting without the
exertion of trekking? Take a ride on Banff Gondola.
This will take you to the summit of Sulphur Mountain,
where you can meander along the mountain
boardwalk and 360-degree observation deck while
marvelling at the spectacular views around you.

Another appealing option is skiing. Banff has some
of the best slopes in Canada, and if you visit during
winter you can enjoy gliding through perfect powder
in one of three resorts: Lake Louise, Sunshine
and Mt. Norquay. Ice skating is a more leisurely
option, and can be enjoyed at Chateau Lake Louise.
Complete with its own ice castle, a whizz around the
rink here makes you feel like you’ve stepped into
your own frozen fairy tale.

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EUROPE JOSTEDALSBREEN PLITVICE LAKES

NORWAY CROATIA

48 55

- -

TATRA JURASSIC COAST

POLAND/SLOVAKIA ENGLAND

50 56

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VIKOS-AOOS GIANT’S CAUSEWAY

GREECE NORTHERN IRELAND

51 57

- -

TEIDE JUNGFRAU-ALETSCH

TENERIFE, SPAIN SWITZERLAND

52 58

- -

GEYSIR & CLIFFS OF MOHER
STROKKUR
IRELAND
ICELAND
59
53
-
-
BLUE GROTTO
THINGVELLIR
GREECE
ICELAND
60
54
-

SANTORINI

GREECE

61

WIED IL-GHASRI IRON GATES

MALTA SERBIA/ROMANIA

62 68

- -

SAXON SWITZERLAND MATTERHORN

GERMANY SWITZERLAND

63 69

- -

BLACK FOREST PYRENEES

GERMANY FRANCE, SPAIN
& ANDORRA
64
70
-
-
VERDON GORGE
SVALBARD
FRANCE
NORWAY
65
71
-
-
DOLOMITI
FJORDS
BELLUNESI
NORWAY
ITALY
72
66
-
-
AURORAS
TABERNAS
NORTHERN HEMISPHERE
DESERT
73
SPAIN

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JOSTEDALSBREEN

Nestled in the fjords of Norway, the largest glacier in mainland Europe is a sight to behold

Europe F ew places in Europe have the variety looking for a challenge might wish to tackle the Hike to Lovatnet to see the
of dramatic landscapes in such close ice from the remote Tunsbergdalsbreen, which Ramnefjellsfossen cascade into the
proximity as Jostedalsbreen National Park. takes you to higher, snow-covered altitudes green-blue waters of the lake below
Between its untouched forests, mountain peaks on hikes lasting up to ten hours. Those in the
and pristine lakes, there lies a frozen giant. The mood for something less demanding, or who are pressed for time, may prefer the relatively flat
Jostedal Glacier, from which the park gets its ice accessible from Styggevatnet-Austdalsbreen,
name, serves both as a reminder of Earth’s where hiking tours take around four hours.
ice-age past and a warning about its increasingly However you choose to cross it, being able to
warm future. explore the glacier – hearing the melted ice
flowing below the solid surface while the blue-
Norway’s iconic fjords were carved by mighty white beast creaks beneath your feet – is sure to
glaciers during the last ice age, forcing their way be a unique and unforgettable experience. During
through the land and leaving cliffs and valleys winter at the Nigardsbreen glacier outlet, you
and freshwater lakes in their wake. While most can also explore the spectacular blue-ice cave
prehistoric glaciers are long-gone, Jostedalsbreen beneath the surface. These glass-like caverns are
remains, and is the biggest ice sheet to be bathed in blue as the daylight filters through.
found in mainland Europe. It continues to creep
along the slopes at the eponymous glacial pace, Although it covers a significant proportion of
moving between one centimetre and a metre the park, there is far more to explore than just
(0.4 inches and 3.3 feet) each day. the glacier itself. The land ranges from 300 to
2,000 metres (984 to 6,532 feet) above sea
Today, the colossal Jostedalsbreen straddles level, containing verdant valleys, deciduous
two of the world’s longest fjords: Sognefjord and forests, tumbling waterfalls, rugged cliffs and
Nordfjord. The glacier covers over 487 square alpine peaks. Parts of the park are still used for
kilometres (188 square miles) – almost half the farming and grazing, making use of the life-giving
park – and intrepid visitors can embark on hikes meltwater that runs off the glacier.
across its icy surface. You can join glacier walks,
accompanied by professional guides, which For many visitors, even the journey to the park
depart most days from some of Jostedalbreen’s is a highlight. There are several access roads
outlet glaciers across the park. These hikes vary from nearby towns which will offer the ultimate
in difficulty, often dictated by your departure scenic route as you wind your way into valleys
point and/or the weather conditions. Those around the park’s perimeter. Bear in mind that
there are no roads within the park itself, and
EUROPE’S BIGGEST The glacier’s true size only you’ll usually have to walk a few kilometres from
GLACIER really becomes clear when the car parks or bus stops on the outer fringes to
the glacier and other points of interest.
Jostedal glacier’s sheer scale has to be seen it’s seen from above
to be believed. But even as you hike across its The park’s official visitor centres provide the
surface, it’s difficult to comprehend just how much ice lies beneath your feet. The glacier itself perfect place to start if you’re unsure of what
covers over half the park by area, and in parts sights to see or which hiking trails to try. The
it is nearly 600 metres (1,969 feet) deep. It is
estimated to contain some 73 cubic kilometres
(17.5 cubic miles) of freshwater locked up in its
ice. That’s the equivalent of around 300 billion
bathtubs worth of water – enough to meet
Norway’s water demands for over 100 years!

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. NORWAY . Those in search of an even greater challenge
Glacier can attempt the longest uphill climb in Norway:
Mount Skala. Reaching the summit of this
. Highlights . 1,848-metre (6,063-foot) peak is not easy, and
Climb across the Nigardsbreen takes around four to eight hours, but the views
once you reach the top are sublime. You can rest
branch of the glacier your weary feet in one of the summit’s hiking
Spend the night atop Mt Skala cabins – either take a break for a few minutes
before descending, or stay the night to watch the
and watch the sunrise sunrise in the morning.
Kayak across the turquoise waters of Lovatnet
To the north of the park, you can find
. Ecotourism . one of the highest waterfalls in the world,
TRAVEL BY A ‘glacier bus’ coach runs from the the Ramnefjellsfossen. Water from the
Ramnefjellbreen outlet glacier cascades down
nearby town of Sogndal 818 metres (2,685 feet) into Lovatnet lake below.
The falls are more impressive in summer when
STAY HERE Jostedal Hotel is a family-run they are fed by melting ice. The picturesque lake
accommodation close to the National Park appears unusually green, because it contains
clay and rock particles that have been crushed
EXPLORE WITH Icetroll, a local tour company, by the glaciers.
offer hikes onto the glacier itself
In the forests and valleys of Jostedalsbreen,
. Best time to visit . take some binoculars and stay on the lookout for
November to May, if you want to ski local fauna: eagles, red deer, lynx, wolverines and
even brown bears can be found within the park.
. Useful websites . Birdwatchers will be able to spot lots of feathered
JOSTEDALSBREEN.ORG/ENGLISH friends during the summer months, when many
bird species return from Africa.
FJORDNORWAY.COM
JOSTEDAL.COM There are campsites all around the park’s
borders where you can pitch a tent, park a
caravan and – in many cases – rent a small Europe
cabin. Villages and towns nearby, such as
Fjaerland, Olden and Gjerde, have hotels and
provide easy access to the park itself.

Sadly, the changing climate has not been easy
on the ice of this epic landscape. Many of the
glaciers have been retreating for several years
due to increased melting rates that snowfall can’t
replenish. Plan your trip soon to make the most
of Jostedalsbreen while it’s still stable enough to
explore in all its frozen glory.

Briksdal Glacier is one of the Venture beneath the glacier on
most accessible branches of a tour of the blue ice caves
Jostedalsbreen for visitors

“WHEN THE JOSTEDAL RIVER IS BOOSTED
BY MELTWATER, GET YOUR ADRENALINE

FIX BY WHITE WATER R AFTING”

Norwegian Glacier Museum in nearby Fjaerland, If you’re looking to get away from the busier
the Breheimsenteret Glacier Center in Jostedalen areas of the park, there are many glacial lakes off
and the Jostedalsbreen National Park Center in the beaten track where you can rent a kayak and
Stryn have plenty of tourist information about paddle your way to paradise. Gliding across the
activities and accommodation, and they host crystal-clear waters against the Jostedalsbreen
exhibitions where you can learn more about backdrop is a wonderfully peaceful experience.
the park’s prehistoric history and the glacier’s Operators also run kayak tours to approach the
formation. Pick up a map from one of the centres glaciers from the water, providing an alternative
and follow any one of the nature trails (difficulties opportunity to appreciate the ice sheets’ sheer
range from easy to expert) to hike through the size. In the summer months when Jostedal
dramatic landscape. Most footpaths are easily River is boosted by the meltwater, you can get
accessible in summer, but in winter you can rent your adrenaline fix by white water rafting down
skis or snowshoes to tackle the routes when the river, navigating the rocks and bends and
snow falls. conquering big waves.

49

TATRA

Whether peaceful or action-packed, a visit to Tatra’s mountains is an escape from the ordinary

. POLAND/SLOVAKIA . R unning along the border between Poland
Mountains and Slovakia, the Tatra Mountains are famed
for their rugged beauty. Away from the
. Highlights . bustle of Warsaw, Krakow and Bratislava, the pair
Pack your walking boots and hit the trails of national parks encompassing the mountains
and surrounding area are a haven for those looking
Keep an eye out for the critically to get closer to nature and satisfy their need
endangered Tatra chamois to explore. The range is filled with jagged peaks,
sprawling forests and glistening lakes, making it an
Head out early to watch the Sun unmissable destination for hikers, photographers
rise over the mountains and nature lovers.

. Ecotourism . The tallest mountain in the parks, straddling
TRAVEL BY An electric railway connects the Slovak side the border between Poland and Slovakia, is Rysy.
The highest of its peaks is 2,503 metres (8,212
of the Tatra with the national train network feet) above sea level and can be reached from
STAY HERE Eco Tatry Hotel uses eco-friendly heating both sides. The mountain is busy in summer as,
although sections are steep and challenging, the
and electricity systems climb is manageable for brave beginners. Pack for
EXPLORE WITH Eco-tours.pl offers sustainable itieraries all conditions as the weather changes quickly in the
mountains. For those who don’t feel up to the last
and aims to leave no trace scramble to the peak, stop at viewpoints part of
the way up and enjoy the views of lakes and other
. Best time to visit . mountains before heading back down.
June-September for hiking, winter for skiing
Signs at the entrances to wooded areas warn
. Useful websites . visitors to stay on paths and leave by nightfall to
TANAP.ORG avoid meeting any bears wandering through the
TPN.PL parks. Bears usually avoid humans if they sense
them approaching, but listen carefully and you
BIT.LY/32SBSQS might hear their calls echoing off the mountainsides.
As well as brown bears, animal residents include
Europe deer, wolves, marmots and European lynxes. Alpine
forests and plants flourish here; the Chochołowska
Valley, the longest valley in the Tatras, is a popular
destination in spring as thousands of crocuses
burst into bloom on its meadows.

Hiking is the main appeal of the parks for three
seasons of the year, but in winter few people
visit to see the mountains on foot; they go to ski.
Zakopane is known as the winter capital of Poland,
with thousands of people arriving with the snow.
Cross-country trails run through the surrounding
forests, cable cars and lifts take skiers to the start of
downhill routes, and the Wielka Krokiew ski-jumping
stadium regularly hosts the Ski Jumping World Cup.
Even in summer Zakopane, on the Polish side, is the
go-to destination for visitors staying in the parks.
The town is popular with both international tourists
and Polish holidaymakers, and can be reached from
Warsaw and Krakow by car, train and coach.

After hiking, climbing or skiing, many visitors
head to the hot baths to soothe their muscles.
Baths are dotted throughout the park, accessible
by car or bus. Heated by natural hot springs, the
water has an interesting aroma, but it’s not enough
to put bathers off from a soothing soak. Relaxed
and revived, it’s then off to one of the many
restaurants in the area for a hearty traditional Polish
or Slovakian meal.

Poland and Slovakia share
Tatra, a relatively little-known
gem home to rare wildlife and

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