classification of living things

Kingdoms o

of organisms

Presented by
Dr. Jeya Kennedy
2014

Learning Objectives

 At the end you should b

 Define biology and distin
nonliving things by descr
characterise living organ

 Name the six kingdoms o
describe each

 Differences between Gym
plants

 Differences between mo
 How do we divide the an

10/5/2015

s:

be able to:

nguish between living and
ribing the features that
nisms
of organisms and briefly

mnosperms and Angiosperms

onocot and dicot plants
nimal kingdom?

Department of Natural Science

Introduction

 As we study Biology we ne
of Biology.
 Biology is the study of l

 The word biology comes f
‘life’ and logos means ‘the

 It is the study of life and li

eed to know the meaning

life & living organisms
from Greek, bios means
e study of’ (‘knowledge’).
iving things (organisms).

How do we know is something

 All living things are characterised
 These are usually remembered b

M
R Can you guess what these
S letters stand for?

N
E
R
G

is ‘living’?

d as being able to do seven things
by the mnemonic MRS NERG

CELL

 Cells are the structu
units of all living org

 All living organism a
more cells.

 These cells are the
life.

LS

ural and functional
ganisms.
are made of one or

building block of

The 7 characteristics
Things

Movement – Animals move
away from predators; pla

Reproduction – the ability t
the species in existence

Sensitivity – responding and
environment

Growth – Growing larger an
adult size

Nutrition – Animals need fo
need minerals from the s

Excretion – Getting rid of w
Respiration – Turning food

s of Living

e to find food and keep
ants move to face the light
to produce offspring to keep
d reacting to the
nd stronger  becoming
ood for respiration, plants
soil
waste
into energy

Flagella

 Tail like
structure
the whips
around to
propel the
bacterium

Cilia

 Miniature
flagella
surround
the cell
(bacteria)
that helps
to “swim”

Asexual (or
vegetative, in plants)

 a new organism
can develop from
a part of the
original organism
– it is therefore
identical to the
parent.

Sexual -

 Fusion of male
sperm with female
egg to form a
zygote, which then
develops into the
embryo

– offspring has a
mixture of
characteristics of
each parent.

Characteristic

cs of Life 1.flv

Question

 Define biology.
 What is the smallest p

exhibits all of the char
 What are the characte
 Define Flagella and Ci
 Define Asexual and Se

possible unit that
racteristics of life?
eristics of living things?
ilia.
exual reproduction.

The Characteristics o

of Living Things2.flv

Classifying Or

rganisms

Why do Scientists Cl

Imagine a grocery store…
How are they organized
What would happen if th

How is your life organized?

lassify?

d?
hey were not organized?
?

Why do Scientists Cl

Almost 2 million kinds of org

Need to keep organized! (Ea

Classification
Process of grouping things b

The science of classifying o
taxonomy

lassify?

ganisms on Earth
asier to study!)

based on their similarities

organisms is known as

Taxonomy

Taxonomy, the
naming, describ
classifying orga

e science of
bing and
anisms.

Why do Scientist

Useful because:

It is impossible to st
organism from an in
Therefore, classifica
facilitate easy study
Once classified, scien
about an organism

sts Classify?

tudy every living
ndividual level.
ation is necessary to
y of organisms.
ntists will know a lot

Carolus Linnaeus

Carolus Linnaeus (1750s)

Devised naming system fo

Binomial Nomencl

– Father of TAXONOMY

or organisms:

lature

Binomial Nomenclat

 Developed by Linnaeus
 Called binomial becau
 First name is genus, w

capital.
 Second name is specie
 Italics are used when
 The name is underline

ture

use two names are used.
with first name being a

es, with no capital.
the name is printed.
ed if it is handwritten.



Homo sapiens
Homo sapiens
Human being

Binomial Nomenclature: “a two-
name system”
First part of name: genus first
letter always capitalized
Second part of name: species first
letter always lowercase
Entire name is underlined and
italicized

Questions

 What is classifica
 Why is classifyin

important?
 What is taxonom
 Describe binomi

ation?
ng living things

my?
ial nomenclature.

Questions

 Who developed a
naming living org

 What is a scientif
organism and how

a system for
ganisms?
fic name of an
w is it written?

Summary

 Biology is the study of
organsium.

 All living organisms ar
more cells.

 Organisms grow by in
and/or number of their

 The number of specie
which have been disco
millions, so a system o
essential.

f life and living

re composed of one or

ncreasing the size
r cells.
es of living organisms
overed runs into
of classification is

Summary

 An organism’s scientif
the name of the genus
of the species, e.g. Ho
called the binomial sys

 Scientific names are e
identification is require
and medicine.

fic name is composed of
s followed by the name
omo sapiens. This is
stem.

essential where precise
ed, e.g. in agriculture

Levels of Classificati

-based on contributions of b

There are 8 levels of classific
Remember the first letter of

Dr. King Philip Cam
Spaghetti.

ion

both Aristotle and Linnaeus

cation.
f this sentence:

me Over For Good

Eight classification g
things
 Domain
 Kingdom
 Phylum
 Class
 Order
 Family
 Genus
 Species

groups of living